Internet-of-things communication method and wireless communication device

Abstract

Provided in the embodiments of the present application are an Internet-of-Things communication method and a wireless communication device. The method is executed in a first node, and comprises: generating a first signal on the basis of a first signal parameter, and sending the first signal to a second node, wherein the first signal carries first information, the first signal is a time-domain signal generated by means of a first waveform parameter, and the first signal parameter comprises at least one of an OOK sequence type, a first scrambling sequence type and a first scrambling sequence length; receiving a second signal transmitted by the second node, wherein the first information indicates at least one of a transmission occasion, a frequency offset and a frequency resource of the second signal; and determining a third signal on the basis of the second signal, and generating the third signal on the basis of a third signal parameter, wherein the third signal is a time-domain signal generated by means of the third signal parameter, and the third signal parameter comprises at least one of an OOK sequence type, a second scrambling sequence type and a second scrambling sequence length.

Description

Internet of Things (IoT) communication methods and wireless communication devices Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication systems, and more specifically, to an Internet of Things (IoT) communication method and a wireless communication device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of wireless communication technology, there is a growing desire to integrate wireless communication systems with various industries such as logistics, manufacturing, transportation, and energy. For example, wireless communication systems can be integrated with industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs), smart logistics and smart warehousing, and smart home networks. Currently, most existing wireless communication devices are powered by batteries that require manual replacement or charging, leading to high maintenance costs, serious environmental problems, and even safety hazards for certain use cases (such as wireless sensors in the power and oil industries).

[0003] IoT terminal devices typically need to be characterized by low cost, small size, maintenance-free operation, and long lifespan. To meet these requirements, new IoT technologies need to support terminal devices with energy storage capabilities that do not have energy storage capacity or do not require manual replacement or charging.

[0004] Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) devices refer to IoT devices that use various environmental energy sources, such as radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy, to power themselves. AIoT devices may have no energy storage capacity or very limited energy storage capacity (e.g., using capacitors with a capacitance of tens of microfarads). AIoT devices can support backscatter communication and therefore do not have carrier generation capabilities, meaning they cannot actively transmit signals. The information bits that an AIoT device needs to transmit are modulated onto a third-party signal, and passive communication is achieved by changing the amplitude, phase, or frequency of this third-party signal. Compared to existing IoT devices, AIoT devices have many advantages, including no need for conventional batteries, no maintenance, small size, low complexity and low cost, and long lifespan.

[0005] However, the relatively weak processing power of AIoT devices necessitates improvements to the signals (called R2D signals) sent by readers to AIoT devices in order to enhance the reliability of R2D signal detection and the inventory efficiency of AIoT devices.

[0006] Technical solution

[0007] One objective of this invention is to propose a method for Internet of Things (IoT) communication that combines the capabilities and status of AIoT devices with the R2D frame structure to design time-domain waveforms of R2D sequences and OOK-1 / OOK-4, thereby improving the reliability of R2D signal detection and the inventory efficiency of AIoT devices.

[0008] Another objective of this invention is to propose a method for Internet of Things (IoT) communication, which improves resource utilization by designing L1 control signaling for R2D and Uu air interface control signaling for base station to control user equipment.

[0009] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for Internet of Things (IoT) communication, the method being executed in a first node, the method comprising: generating a first signal based on first signal parameters and transmitting the first signal to a second node, the first signal carrying first information, the first signal being a time-domain signal generated by first waveform parameters, the first signal parameters including at least one of OOK sequence type, first scrambling sequence type, and first scrambling sequence length; receiving a second signal transmitted by the second node, the first information indicating at least one of the transmission timing, frequency offset, and frequency resources of the second signal; determining a third signal based on the second signal and generating the third signal based on third signal parameters, the third signal being a time-domain signal generated by the third signal parameters, the third signal parameters including at least one of the OOK sequence type, second scrambling sequence type, and second scrambling sequence length.

[0010] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for Internet of Things (IoT) communication, the method being executed in a second node, the method comprising: receiving a first signal transmitted by a first node, the first signal being generated according to first signal parameters, the first signal carrying first information, the first signal being a time-domain signal generated by first waveform parameters, the first signal parameters including at least one of OOK sequence type, first scrambling sequence type, and first scrambling sequence length; transmitting a second signal to the first node according to the first information, the first information indicating at least one of transmission timing, frequency offset, and frequency resources of the second signal; and receiving a third signal transmitted by the first node, the third signal being generated according to third signal parameters, the third signal being a time-domain signal generated by the third signal parameters, the third signal parameters including at least one of the OOK sequence type, second scrambling sequence type, and second scrambling sequence length.

[0011] The method disclosed in this invention can be implemented in a chip. The chip may include a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in memory to cause a device on which the chip is mounted to perform the method disclosed in this application.

[0012] The method disclosed in this invention can be programmed as computer-executable instructions stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium. When loaded into a computer, the non-transitory computer-readable medium instructs the computer's processor to execute the method disclosed in this invention.

[0013] The non-transitory computer-readable medium may include at least one of the following readable media: hard disk, CD-ROM, optical storage device, magnetic storage device, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, erasable programmable read-only memory, EPROM, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, and flash memory.

[0014] The method disclosed in this invention can be programmed into a computer program product that causes a computer to execute the method disclosed in this application.

[0015] The method disclosed in this invention can be programmed into a computer program that causes a computer to execute the method disclosed in this application.

[0016] The method disclosed in this invention can be implemented by a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device includes a processor and a memory for storing computer programs, and the processor for calling and running the computer programs stored in the memory.

[0017] This invention, through the design of the R2D baseband sequence, can solve the problems of energy concentration and frequency-selective fading-induced signal distortion in DFT-s-OFDM waveforms, as well as the signal distortion and time / frequency offset problems introduced by truncation operations, thereby improving the reliability of R2D signal detection. This invention, through the design of the R2D air interface time-domain sequence, can meet the wake-up and synchronization requirements of AIoT devices, improving the synchronization performance of AIoT systems. This invention, through the definition and design of the R2D time-domain waveform, meets the detection requirements of envelope detection in different AIoT devices, flexibly addressing the problem of poor detection performance caused by high PAPR, and improving the reliability of R2D signal detection.

[0018] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention design R2D L1 control signaling based on the capabilities and states of different AIoT devices, flexibly scheduling R2D and D2R transmission resources to effectively improve control efficiency. Embodiments of the present invention, based on the different transmission behaviors of the UE reader (transmitting R2D, CW, and receiving D2R), and combined with the NR L1 control signaling design concept, design Uu air interface control signaling suitable for AIoT systems, balancing the resource configuration of the UE reader during NR and AIoT transmissions, flexibly controlling the UE's behavior and resource configuration, and improving spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency. Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention also provide an R2D multiple access scheme to improve the control efficiency of AIoT devices. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of the wireless communication system architecture of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 illustrates a block diagram of the wireless communication system of the present invention, including a UE, a base station, an AIoT device, and a core network device.

[0022] Figure 3A shows the timing diagram of the R2D time acquisition signal.

[0023] Figure 3B illustrates the time-domain signals modulated by the OOK-1 and OOK-4 sequences.

[0024] Figure 4 illustrates an interactive schematic diagram of an IoT communication transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method for performing Internet of Things (IoT) communication at a first node according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 illustrates an interactive schematic diagram of a transmission method for Internet of Things (IoT) communication provided in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 illustrates an interactive schematic diagram of a transmission method for Internet of Things (IoT) communication provided in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of adding redundant symbols according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 9 illustrates an interactive schematic diagram of a transmission method for Internet of Things (IoT) communication provided in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of adding redundant symbols according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 11 illustrates a waveform diagram of switching from CP-OFDM to DFT-s-OFDM according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 12 illustrates waveform diagrams of different sequence types and different sequence lengths in embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of an OOK waveform based on energy detection provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of an OOK waveform based on edge change detection provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 15 illustrates a schematic diagram of adding CRC and line coding and OOK-1 / OOK-4 modulation to the L1 control signal and data respectively according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 16 illustrates a schematic diagram of adding CRC and line coding and OOK-1 / OOK-4 modulation to the L1 control signal and data respectively according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of L1 control information in PRDCH according to an embodiment of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention

[0038] The embodiments of this application are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, outlining technical aspects, structural features, objectives, and effects. Specifically, the terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for describing the purpose of specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of disclosure.

[0039] In this invention, "A or B" can mean "A only", "B only" or "both A and B".

[0040] In other words, in this invention, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in this invention, "A, B or C" can mean "A only", "B only", "C only" or "any combination of A, B, and C".

[0041] In this invention, the forward slash ( / ) or comma can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Therefore, "A / B" can mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C".

[0042] In this invention, "at least one of A and B" can mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this invention, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" can be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0043] Additionally, in this invention, "at least one of A, B, and C" can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B, and C." Furthermore, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" can mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0044] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0045] Those skilled in the art will recognize and understand that the details of the described examples are merely illustrative of some embodiments, and that the teachings set forth herein are applicable to various alternative settings.

[0046] The technical solution of this invention can be applied to various wireless communication systems, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems, 5G communication systems, or future wireless communication systems. 5G communication systems or 5G networks can also be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems or NR networks.

[0047] As an example, the wireless communication system 100 of the present invention is shown in FIG1. ​​The wireless communication system 100 may include a core network 130, a base station 200, user equipment 10, and an environmental Internet of Things (AIoT) device 40. The base station 200 may be a device that communicates with the user equipment (UE) 10. The base station 200 can provide communication coverage for a specific geographical area and can communicate with the user equipment 10 located within that coverage area.

[0048] The core network 130 can be an IP mobile communication network operated by a mobile communication operator. For example, the core network 130 can be the core network used by a mobile communication operator to operate and manage the wireless communication system 100, or it can be the core network used by a virtual mobile communication operator such as a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO). The core network 130 can be connected to the base station 200 as a relay device for transmitting user data. The user equipment 10 transmits and receives user data via the core network 130. It should be noted that user data communication is not limited to IP communication, but can also be non-IP communication.

[0049] Optionally, base station 200 can be an evolved Node B (eNB) in an LTE system, or it can be a mobile switching center, relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable device, hub, switch, bridge, router, network-side equipment in a 5G network, or a base station in a future communication system. The base station can be fixed or mobile. For example, a helicopter or drone can be configured to act as a mobile base station, and one or more cells can move according to the location of the mobile base station. In other examples, a helicopter or drone can be configured as a device to communicate with another base station.

[0050] Optionally, UE 10 can be stationary or mobile. User equipment 10 includes, but is not limited to, connections via wired lines, such as via Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTN), Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), digital cable, direct cable connection; and / or another data connection / network; and / or via a wireless interface, such as for cellular networks, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), digital television networks such as DVB-H networks, satellite networks, AM-FM broadcast transmitters; and / or devices configured to receive / transmit communication signals for another user equipment; and / or Internet of Things (IoT) devices. User equipment configured to communicate via a wireless interface may be referred to as a "wireless communication terminal," "wireless terminal," or "mobile terminal." Examples of mobile terminals include, but are not limited to, satellite or cellular phones; personal communications system (PCS) terminals that can combine cellular radiotelephone with data processing, fax, and data communication capabilities; and may include radiotelephones, pagers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless modems, wireless communication devices, handheld devices, laptops, tablets, cameras, gaming devices, netbooks, smartbooks, ultrabooks, medical devices or apparatuses, wearable devices (smartwatches, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wristbands), entertainment devices (music or video devices), in-vehicle components or sensors, smart meters / sensors, industrial manufacturing equipment, Global Positioning System (GPS) devices, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via wireless or wired media. Access terminals can be cellular phones, cordless phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants, handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, user equipment in 5G networks, or user equipment in future PLMNs, etc.

[0051] Optionally, two or more UEs (e.g., UE 10) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using a base station as an intermediary for communication). For example, UE 10 may communicate using point-to-point (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, or similar protocols), mesh networks, or similar networks, or combinations thereof. In this case, UE 10 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by a base station.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the base station 200 can perform uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) transmissions with the user equipment 10. Additionally, the base station 200 can communicate with the user equipment 10 via a Uu interface to transmit instructions or signaling controlling the communication between the user equipment 10 and the AIoT device 40.

[0053] Referring to Figure 2, the communication system includes User Equipment (UE) 10, Base Station 200, Core Network Equipment 300, and Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) Device 40. Connections between devices and device components are shown as lines and arrows in the figure. UE 10 may include a processor 11, memory 12, transceiver 13, and reader 14. Base Station 200 may include a processor 201, memory 202, transceiver 203, and reader 204. Core Network Equipment 300 may include a processor 301, memory 302, and transceiver 303. AIoT Device 40 may include a processor 401, memory 402, and transceiver 403. Each processor 11, 201, 301, and 401, when executed, can implement the functions, processes, and / or methods provided in the embodiments. The wireless interface protocol layer can be implemented in processors 11, 201, 301, and 401. Each memory 12, 202, 302, and 402 can store various programs and information to cooperate with the operation of the connected processor. Each transceiver 13, 203, 303, 403 is coupled to a processor for transmitting and / or receiving radio or wired signals. Base station 200 may be one of an eNB, gNB, access point (AP), transmit-receive point (TRP), or other types of wireless nodes, and may configure wireless resources for UE 10. In the following embodiments, reader 14 and reader 204 may be chips integrated into UE 10 and base station 200, or may be program code stored in memory 12 and 202 executed by processors 11 and 201 to control AIoT devices or read data or signals from AIoT device 40. In other embodiments, the reader may also refer to user equipment 10 or base station 200 used to read data or signals from AIoT device 40. For ease of explanation, the reader mentioned in the embodiments of this application may be user equipment 10 or base station 200 used to control AIoT devices or read data or signals from AIoT device 40, or a chip integrated into UE 10 and base station 200. The signal sent from the reader to the AIoT device 40 is called an R2D signal, and the signal sent from the AIoT device 40 to the reader is called a D2R signal. Furthermore, the user equipment 10 or base station 200 that sends the R2D signal to the AIoT device 40 can be considered as the first node, and the AIoT device 40 that receives the R2D signal can be considered as the second node.

[0054] Each processor 11, 201, 301, 401 may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipsets, logic circuits, and / or data processing devices. Each memory 12, 202, 302, 402 may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, memory cards, storage media, and / or other storage devices. Each transceiver 13, 203, 303, 403 may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented using functional modules, processes, functions, entities, etc., that perform the functions described herein. Modules may be stored in memory and executed by the processor. Memory may be implemented inside or outside the processor, and various devices known in the art may be coupled to the processor.

[0055] In this embodiment, the core network device 300 can be a node in the LTE core network or the 5G core network 130, including User Plane Function (UPF), Session Management Function (SMF), Mobility Management Function (AMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Policy Control Function (PCF), Control Plane (CP) / User Plane (UP) Separation (CUPS), Authentication Server (AUSF), Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF), and Network Open Function (NEF).

[0056] The AIoT device 40 can be a wireless communication device suitable for short-range, low-speed communication. The AIoT device 40 utilizes technologies such as radio frequency energy harvesting, backscatter communication, and low-power computing to achieve the advantage of not requiring a power supply. The AIoT device 40 includes an energy harvesting module 404 for harvesting radio frequency energy and converting it into DC power. This energy can be stored in a battery or capacitor, or it can be directly used by the processor 401 or sensors to perform functions and applications such as modulating and transmitting backscattered signals, and acquiring and processing sensor information.

[0057] The AIoT device 40, as a zero-power device, can be used in scenarios such as wireless industrial sensor networks, smart warehousing and logistics, and smart homes. The AIoT device 40 can be a passive zero-power device. This type of passive zero-power device does not require an internal battery. When the passive zero-power device approaches a network device (such as an RFID reader), it is within the near-field range formed by the antenna radiation of the network device. Therefore, the antenna of the passive zero-power device generates an induced current through electromagnetic induction, which drives the low-power chip circuitry of the zero-power device. This enables demodulation of the forward link signal and modulation of the backward link signal. The RF and baseband circuits of the passive zero-power device are very simple, requiring no low-noise amplifier (LNA), power amplifier (PA), or analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The AIoT device 40 can also use an RF energy harvesting module to harvest radio wave energy and store the harvested energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). After acquiring energy, the energy storage unit can drive the low-power chip circuitry of zero-power devices. This enables the demodulation of forward link signals and the modulation of backward link signals. Therefore, AIoT devices 40 have advantages such as small size, light weight, low price, and long lifespan.

[0058] Unlike traditional communication systems, AIoT terminals have low complexity. Some signals and channels from traditional communication systems are unsuitable for AIoT, such as DMRS, PTRS, CSI-RS / TRS, SRS, CSI, and SR. Dedicated broadcast channels are also unsuitable for AIoT. Therefore, AIoT transmission uses certain signals or channels. AIoT uses R2D timing acquisition signals (also called R2D preambles) and D2R timing acquisition signals (also called D2R preambles). R2D timing acquisition signals are used by AIoT devices to obtain time synchronization and the start time of the R2D physical channel (PRDCH). The R2D timing acquisition signal is followed by the R2D physical channel. D2R timing acquisition signals are used by readers to obtain time synchronization and the start time of the D2R physical channel. The D2R timing acquisition signal is followed by the D2R physical channel (PDRCH).

[0059] Please refer to Figure 3A, which illustrates the timing diagram of the R2D time acquisition signal. The R2D time acquisition signal includes a clock-acquisition part and a start-indicator part. After receiving the R2D time acquisition signal, the AIoT device 40 can determine the start time of the R2D physical channel based on the start-indicator part and acquire time synchronization based on the clock-acquisition part. The clock-acquisition part can also be used to determine the chip duration. The start-indicator part can have an ON / OFF mode and an OFF mode. The ON / OFF mode means that the sequence of the start-indicator part consists of high and low levels, that is, the sequence of the start-indicator part contains a first value and a second value, which are different. The OFF mode means that the sequence of the start-indicator part consists of all low levels, as shown in Figure 3A, that is, the sequence of the start-indicator part is all the first value (e.g., all 0s).

[0060] The R2D Physical Channel (PRDCH) is used to carry data, payloads from higher layers, or L1 control information. The PRDCH signal generation process is as follows: R2D information bits undergo CRC attachment, line coding, and OOK modulation (OOK-1 / OOK-4 generation with OFDM waveform). Adding CRC is optional; if the CRC length is 0, it is not required.

[0061] The D2R physical channel (PDRCH) is used to carry data, payloads from higher layers, or control information from L1. Adding a CRC checksum to D2R is optional; if the CRC length is 0, no CRC checksum is required.

[0062] In addition, AIoT transmission also provides R2D midamble, R2D postamble, D2R midamble, and D2R postamble. R2D midamble is the midamble between two adjacent PRDCHs, or between two adjacent segments of a PRDCH. One function of the R2D midamble is for AIoT devices to obtain time synchronization. D2R midamble is the midamble between two adjacent PDRCHs, or between two adjacent segments of a PDRCH. One function of the D2R midamble is for readers to obtain time synchronization. R2D postamble is located after the PRDCH and is used to determine the end time position of the PRDCH. D2R postamble is located after the PDRCH and is used to determine the end time position of the PDRCH. In reality, preamble, midamble, and postamble are not necessarily all present. Taking D2R as an example, the preamble, intermediate preamble, and postamble can have the following cases: There is a D2R preamble, but no D2R intermediate preamble or D2R postamble; There is a D2R preamble and X D2R intermediate preambles (each D2R intermediate preamble has a sequence length greater than or equal to 1), where X is greater than or equal to 1, but no D2R postamble; There is a D2R preamble and D2R postamble, but no D2R intermediate preamble; There is a D2R preamble, Y D2R intermediate preambles, and a D2R postamble, where Y is greater than or equal to 1.

[0063] Because the AIoT device 40 has relatively weak processing power, the R2D signal sent from the base station 200 or user equipment 10 to the AIoT device 40 can be a time-domain signal modulated using on-off keying (OOK) sequence modulation. On-off keying is one of the most energy-efficient modulation methods. When the reader sends a "1", it radiates energy (i.e., the carrier is present); when the carrier is absent, it represents a "0". Because energy is radiated only when a "1" is sent, amplitude shift keying requires a very high signal-to-noise ratio to demodulate the signal, while most of the signal is transmitted at very low power.

[0064] The time-domain signals modulated using OOK-1 and OOK-4 sequences in this embodiment are shown in Figure 3B. The maximum value of M in OOK-4 is 32, depending on the R2D transmission rate and the size of the RBs used. For example, if one RB is 180kHz, M=32 requires at least 3 RBs in the time-frequency domain. This addresses the different functional requirements of 40 AIoT devices (e.g., Preamble detection, synchronization, SFO correction, etc.) and the complexity of the first node generating OOK signals based on the OFDM architecture.

[0065] Referring to Figure 1, base station 200 can communicate with multiple user equipments 10 located within its coverage area. Each user equipment 10 communicates with multiple environmental Internet of Things (AIoT) devices 40 located within its respective control area. For example, when an AIoT device 40 is within the control range of user equipment 10, user equipment 10 can access AIoT devices 40 located within the control range of the UE. When an AIoT device 40 is within the control range of multiple user equipments 10, user equipment 10 can access AIoT devices 40 located in different control ranges. In this embodiment, multiple AIoT devices 40 located within the control range of the UE can be considered as the same group, or multiple AIoT devices 40 located within the control range of the same base station 10 (BS) can be considered as the same group. When multiple AIoT devices 40 in a group receive a group paging message, they will randomly access each other.

[0066] Please refer to Figures 4 and 5. Figure 4 illustrates an interactive schematic diagram of an IoT communication transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method for performing IoT communication at a first node according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method for the first node to perform IoT communication includes at least one of steps S500-S504:

[0067] Step S500: Generate the first signal according to the first signal parameters and send the first signal to the second node. The first signal carries first information. The first signal is a time-domain signal generated by the first waveform parameters. The first signal parameters include at least one of the following: OOK sequence type, first scrambling sequence type, and first scrambling sequence length.

[0068] Step S502: Receive the second signal transmitted by the second node, wherein the first information indicates at least one of the following: the transmission timing of the second signal, the frequency offset, and the frequency resources;

[0069] Step S504: Determine a third signal based on the second signal, and generate the third signal according to the third signal parameters. The third signal is a time-domain signal generated by the third signal parameters, which include at least one of the OOK sequence type, the second scrambling sequence type, and the second scrambling sequence length.

[0070] The first node is a base station or a user equipment (UE). The types of the first and second scrambling sequences include at least one or more of the following: Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequence, M sequence, Gold sequence, Zandoff-Chu ZC sequence, LTE machine-selected sequence, NR machine-selected sequence, BPSK sequence, and pi / 2-BPSK sequence. The first or third signal is an R2D (Reader to Device) signal, an R2D preamble, a Low Power Wake-Up signal (LP-WUS), or a Low Power Synchronization signal (LP-SS). The first or third signal is an On-Off Keying (OOK) time-domain signal.

[0071] This embodiment focuses on the problem of R2D signal distortion caused by frequency-selective fading when generating OOK-1 or OOK-4 (M>=1) based on DFT-s-OFDM waveforms, where the energy of the DFT-s-OFDM waveform is concentrated. This embodiment is applicable to R2D signals, LP-WUS, or LP-SS signals.

[0072] According to an embodiment of the present invention, step S504 further includes step S5040.

[0073] Step S5040: Modulate the OOK sequence into a first modulation sequence according to the first modulation rule, wherein the OOK sequence includes N symbols, and the first modulation rule includes using multiple phases and multiple amplitudes, each symbol corresponding to one of the multiple phases and one of the multiple amplitudes.

[0074] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first node needs to convert the bit sequence to be transmitted (original digital sequence) into an OOK sequence, and first modulate the OOK sequence into a first modulation sequence. The first modulation rule can be QAM modulation, BPSK modulation, or higher-order modulation. The OOK sequence is modulated into the first modulation sequence according to the first modulation rule, wherein the first modulation rule includes using multiple phases and multiple amplitudes, with each symbol corresponding to one of the multiple phases and one of the multiple amplitudes. In this way, the transmitted bit sequence can achieve the technical effect of randomized frequency domain amplitude through amplitude-phase modulation.

[0075] The first modulation rule includes at least one of the following:

[0076] (1) Determined according to the mapping rules of the modulation method. For example, the phase corresponding to QAM modulation is 0, pi / 2, pi, (3 / 2)pi, 2pi, and the corresponding amplitude is A, B, C, D. For example, the bit sequence to be transmitted is 111001010100, each symbol contains two bits. After QAM modulation, the original digital sequence {11,10,01,01,01,00} can be mapped to: {De^(j2pi), Ce^(j(3 / 2)pi), Be^(jpi / 2), Be^(jpi / 2), Be^(jpi / 2), A}.

[0077] (2) Adjacent modulation uses randomized phase. For example, the phases corresponding to 00, 01, 10, and 11 are 0, 2π, (3 / 2)π, and π / 2, respectively, and the corresponding amplitudes are A, B, C, and D, respectively. The amplitudes are also randomized. For example, the bit sequence to be transmitted is 111001010100, and each symbol contains two bits. By using adjacent modulation with randomized phase, the original digital sequence {11,10,01,01,01,00} can be mapped to: {A, Be^(j2π), Ce^(j(3 / 2)π), Ce^(j(3 / 2)π), Ce^(j(3 / 2)π), De^(jπ / 2)}.

[0078] (3) Random selection from predefined phase and amplitude sets. The memory of the first node stores the predefined phase set {0, (1 / 4)pi, (1 / 2)pi, (3 / 4)pi, pi,....} and amplitude set {A, B, C, D, E...}. Then symbol 00 randomly selects Ce^(j(1 / 4)pi), and symbol 01 randomly selects Ae^(j2pi). Since each symbol randomly selects its phase and amplitude from the predefined phase and amplitude sets, even the same symbol (such as 01) can select different phases and amplitudes. For example, the bit sequence to be transmitted is 111001010100, and each symbol contains two bits. The phase and amplitude are randomly selected from a predefined set of phase and amplitude values. The original digital sequence {11,10,01,01,01,00} can be mapped to: {De^(j(3 / 2)pi), Be^(j(1 / 4)pi), Ae^(jpi / 2), Ce^(j(3 / 4)pi), Ce^(jpi), De^(jpi / 2)}.

[0079] Optionally, phases are randomly selected from a predefined set. The memory of the first node stores the predefined set of phases {0, (1 / 4)pi, (1 / 2)pi, (3 / 4)pi,pi,....}. That is, all symbols have the same amplitude but different phases. For example, the bit sequence to be transmitted is 111001010100, each symbol contains two bits, randomly selected from the predefined set of phases. The original digital sequence {11,10,01,01,01,00} can be mapped to: {A, Ae^(j2pi), Ae^(j(3 / 2)pi), Ae^(j(3 / 2)pi), Ae^(j(3 / 2)pi), Ae^(jpi / 2)}.

[0080] According to an embodiment of the present invention, step S504 further includes: scrambling the OOK sequence using the first scrambling sequence according to a first scrambling rule. The first node needs to convert the bit sequence to be transmitted (original digital sequence) into an OOK sequence, and then scramble the OOK sequence using the first scrambling sequence according to the first scrambling rule. This scheme considers scrambling only some bits of the original digital sequence, rather than scrambling all bits. In this way, the transmitted bit sequence can achieve the technical effect of randomizing the frequency domain amplitude through intermittent scrambling.

[0081] The first node determines whether to scramble the OOK sequence using the first scrambling sequence according to the first scrambling rule, and also determines the type of the first scrambling sequence. The first scrambling sequence includes at least one of the following: CAZAC sequence, ZC sequence, M sequence, Gold sequence, BPSK sequence, pi / 2-BPSK sequence, NR machine-selected sequence, and LTE machine-selected sequence.

[0082] The first rule includes at least one of the following:

[0083] (1) When the symbol of the OOK sequence is "1", the first scrambling sequence is used for scrambling, and when the symbol of the OOK sequence is "0", no scrambling is performed. Alternatively, when the symbol of the OOK sequence is "0", the first scrambling sequence is used for scrambling, and when the symbol of the OOK sequence is "1", no scrambling is performed. For example, if the OOK sequence is 111001010100, the bits "1" of the OOK sequence are scrambled by a ZC sequence of length N1, and the bits "0" are not scrambled.

[0084] (2) When the OOK sequence contains multiple consecutive "1"s, except for the Kth consecutive "1", the remaining consecutive "1"s and the "0"s in the OOK sequence are scrambled using the first scrambling sequence, where K is greater than or equal to 3. For example, if the OOK sequence is 111001010100, the first two "1" bits in the OOK sequence are scrambled using a ZC sequence of length N², and the third "1" bit is not scrambled. The remaining bits are all scrambled using a ZC sequence of length N².

[0085] (3) When the OOK sequence contains multiple consecutive "0"s, except for scrambling the Kth symbol of the multiple consecutive "0"s using the first scrambling sequence, the remaining multiple consecutive "0"s and the "1"s in the OOK sequence are not scrambled, where K is greater than or equal to 3. For example, if the OOK sequence is 111000010100, then the third "0" in the four consecutive "0" bits of the OOK sequence is scrambled with a ZC sequence of length N2, and the remaining bits are not scrambled.

[0086] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first node can select the type and length of the scrambling sequence based on one of the type, state, or signal structure of the second node. The type of the second node can be an AIoT device 40 or a wake-up reader. The state of the second node can be a first state (ON state) and a third state (sleep state). The signal structure can be an R2D (Reader to device) signal, an R2D preamble, a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS), or a low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS). When the first node is a user equipment, it can determine the second scrambling sequence and its length based on the indication information from the base station 200. This indication information is used to instruct the user equipment 10 to send the second scrambling sequence type and the second scrambling sequence length of the R2D / LP-SS / LP-WUS signal. When the first node is the base station 200, it can determine the second scrambling sequence type and its length based on the information reported by the AIoT device 40 (the second node). The information reported by the second node includes: the type of AIoT device 40, the amplifier parameters of the AIoT device 40, the energy storage capacitor value, the sampling rate range (comparator / ADC bit count), and the power status. The second scrambling sequence type includes at least one of the following: CAZAC sequence, ZC sequence, M sequence, Gold sequence, BPSK sequence, pi / 2-BPSK sequence, NR machine-selected sequence, and LTE machine-selected sequence. The purpose of the first and second scrambling sequences is to randomize the OOK sequence; therefore, sequences with pseudo-random sequence characteristics are within the scope of this invention.

[0087] Furthermore, if the time-domain sequence is a ZC sequence, the first node can also determine the cyclic shift value of the ZC sequence, or the changing pattern of the cyclic shift value of the ZC sequence corresponding to multiple OFDM symbols, based on the information reported by the second node or the indication information of the base station 200. For example, the changing pattern with time, the changing pattern with the multiple OOK bits carried by each OFDM symbol, the subcarrier adjustment pattern, etc.

[0088] According to an embodiment of the present invention, step S504 further includes: determining the scrambling sequence and sequence length to be used for the next symbol based on the XOR and XNOR relationships between the current symbol and the previous symbol of the OOK sequence, wherein the OOK sequence includes N symbols; and scrambling the OOK sequence based on the scrambling sequence and the sequence length.

[0089] The rules for determining the scrambling sequence and sequence length for the next symbol based on the XOR and XNOR relationships between the current and previous symbols of the OOK sequence include:

[0090] If the XOR relationship between the current symbol and the previous symbol is 0, the scrambling sequence used for the next symbol is determined, or the sequence length remains unchanged.

[0091] If the XOR relationship between the current symbol and the previous symbol is 1, change the scrambling sequence or sequence length used for the next symbol;

[0092] If the XOR relationship between the current symbol and the previous symbol is 0, the scrambling sequence used for the next symbol is determined to be either 0 or the sequence length remains unchanged.

[0093] If the XOR relationship between the current symbol and the previous symbol is 1, change the scrambling sequence or sequence length used for the next symbol.

[0094] The length of the scrambling sequence can be randomly determined based on a defined set of lengths, or the length of the scrambling sequence can increase or decrease. For example, when using XOR rules for scrambling, and the scrambling sequence type remains the same while the length of the scrambling sequence changes, suppose the OOK sequence is 110001010100, where the first OOK symbol "1" uses a ZC sequence with a length of 12. The value after XORing the second OOK symbol "1" with the first OOK symbol "1" is 0, so the second OOK symbol still uses a ZC sequence with a length of 12. The value after XORing the third OOK symbol "0" with the second OOK symbol "1" is 1, so the third OOK symbol "0" still uses a ZC sequence with a length of 24.

[0095] For example, scrambling can be performed using an XOR rule, where the scrambling sequence type changes while the scrambling sequence length remains the same. Assume the first sequence is 110001010100, where the first OOK symbol "1" uses a ZC sequence with a length of 12. The XOR result of the second OOK symbol "1" with the first OOK symbol "1" is 0, so the second OOK symbol "1" still uses a ZC sequence with a length of 12. The XOR result of the third OOK symbol "0" with the second OOK symbol "1" is 1, so the third OOK symbol "0" uses a BPSK sequence with a length of 12.

[0096] To address the issue of high bit error rate in AIoT device 40 when detecting R2D signals due to excessive concentration of R2D frequency domain signals and frequency-selective fading, this embodiment provides the following two technical solutions.

[0097] Please refer to Figure 6, which illustrates an interactive schematic diagram of an IoT communication transmission method provided by another embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first node obtains the channel state information (CSI) between the first node and the second node through a second signal (D2R signal), such as the channel state information (CSI) of a D2R link, and determines the frequency points of frequency-selective fading based on the channel quality information (CQI). Poor channel quality information indicates large frequency selection fading, resulting in a low code rate.

[0098] In one embodiment, a first signal transmitted by a first node carries first information, which instructs a second node to transmit a second signal for the first node to acquire CSI. The CSI includes CQI, and the first node transmits a third signal based on the CQI, which is used to determine the frequency range of the second signal. If the first node is user equipment 10, optionally, the first node can request new frequency resources from base station 200 for transmitting the third signal. Preferably, the frequency range of the third signal is a non-frequency-selective fading range, and the frequency resources of the third signal are within the radio frequency bandwidth of the second node, or the frequency resources of the third signal are within the filtering bandwidth of the intermediate frequency (IF) or zero intermediate frequency (ZIF) of the second node. Because this embodiment determines the frequency point of frequency-selective fading through CQI, the first node can use new frequency resources to transmit the third signal to avoid being affected by frequency-selective fading.

[0099] Please refer to Figure 7, which illustrates an interactive schematic diagram of an IoT communication transmission method provided in another embodiment of the present invention. In another embodiment, the second node can measure and report the RSRP / RSRQ / SINR of the first signal. Alternatively, it can obtain the channel state information of the R2D link through coherent measurement and report it to the first node.

[0100] Assuming the second node's RF bandwidth is [890MHz, 910MHz], and the center frequency of the first signal is 900MHz, the frequency of the third signal should be within the second node's RF bandwidth to facilitate reception and demodulation by the second node. Therefore, if the frequency of the third signal is outside the resources configured by the base station 200 (for example, the original frequency resource is the radio bearer (RB) corresponding to [895MHz, 905MHz]), the user equipment 10 will re-request resources from the base station 200, and the re-requested resources should be within the second node's RF bandwidth, such as the RB corresponding to [890MHz, 895MHz] or the RB corresponding to [905MHz, 910MHz].

[0101] Please refer to Figure 9, which illustrates an interactive schematic diagram of an IoT communication transmission method provided by another embodiment of the present invention. In another embodiment, the first node adjusts the transmission frequency of the first information based on whether the D2R signal is correctly received. The transmission frequency is related to the M value of the OFDM symbol, where M represents the number of OOK symbols (chips) contained in each OFDM symbol. For example, M = 4 means that each OFDM symbol includes four OOK symbols. The first signal transmitted by the first node carries the first information, which includes a sequence, time-frequency resources, and transmit power for instructing the second node to transmit the second signal. The second signal carries the second signal. The first node receives the second signal within a time interval ΔT, which is predefined or can be indicated by the base station 200. The size of the time interval delta T should be within the range of [T R_D, R_D min, T R_D, R_D max], where T R_D, R_D refers to the time interval between two consecutive transmissions of the first information by the first node. Alternatively, the first node determines the size of the time interval ΔT based on the status and capabilities of the second node. When the first node is user equipment 10, the time interval ΔT can also be indicated by the base station 200. If the first node fails to receive the second signal correctly or does not receive the second signal at all within the time interval ΔT, it modulates the transmission frequency of the first information to retransmit the first information. The adjusted transmission frequency can be stepped, for example, M=4->M=8->M=12, or it can be randomly selected.

[0102] Please refer to Figure 9, which is a schematic diagram of adding redundant symbols according to an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment focuses on the problems of R2D signal distortion or time-frequency deviation caused by truncating the frequency domain sequence obtained after DFT / FFT transformation when generating OOK-1 or OOK-4 format OOK sequences based on DFT-s-OFDM waveforms. This embodiment is applicable to R2D signals, LP-WUS or LP-SS signals. In order to solve the problems of signal distortion and time-frequency deviation after truncation, this embodiment adds redundant symbols. This embodiment can design the redundant part according to different states of the second node and different M values ​​(corresponding to different RB). As shown in Figure 9, the OOK sequence to be transmitted has N symbols (1 or 0, ON or OFF, high level or low level). Each OOK symbol is scrambled by a sequence of length P, where symbol 0 is scrambled into a sequence of all 0s. Each symbol is scrambled by a first scrambling sequence of length P to obtain a first sequence, the length of which is N*P. Next, the first scrambling sequence is used to scramble the first sequence to obtain the second sequence. The second scrambling sequence is an all-1 sequence, and its length (N1, N2, N3...) can be determined according to the type, state, or signal function of the second node (e.g., preamble, PRDCH). In this embodiment, the total length of the second sequence is N*P+L. Here, L represents the sum of the lengths of the redundancy added to each OOK symbol, i.e., L = T1+T2+T3+...+TX, where T1, T2, T3, ..., TX represent the lengths of the redundancy added to OOK symbols 1, 2, ..., N, respectively. Before adding redundancy, the N*P symbols are frequency domain signals obtained through DFT, and the time domain signals are obtained through IFFT corresponding to the H subcarriers within the first signal bandwidth, where H is less than N*P and is the length of the truncated frequency domain signal.

[0103] This embodiment provides two feasible solutions. The first solution is to scramble the first sequence twice to obtain the second sequence. The scrambling sequence is an all-1 sequence, and its length (N1, N2, N3...) is determined according to the type, state, or signal function of the second node (e.g., preamble, PRDCH), as shown in Table 1. In this embodiment, the total length of the first sequence after scrambling with an all-1 sequence is L. The first sequence is obtained by scrambling each OOK symbol for the first time. The scrambling sequence can be ZC, M, Gold, machine-selected, etc. Optionally, the first sequence is located at the first or second position of the second sequence. The first position means that the first sequence is located at the beginning, middle, or end of the second sequence; the second position means that the first sequence is located at any position between any symbols in the second sequence. This does not affect the generation of the final OOK-1 or OOK-4.

[0104] Table 1

[0105] The second scheme involves scrambling each OOK symbol with an all-1 sequence to obtain a first sequence. The length of this first sequence is determined by the type, state, or signal function of the second node (e.g., preamble, PRDCH), as shown in Table 1. Optionally, the first sequence is scrambled a second time to obtain a second sequence (the scrambling sequence can be ZC, M, Gold, machine-selected, etc.). Optionally, the second sequence is located at either the first or second position of the third sequence. The first position indicates that the first sequence is at the beginning, middle, or end of the second sequence; the second position indicates that the second sequence is located at any position of any symbol in the third sequence. This does not affect the generation of the final OOK-1 or OOK-4.

[0106] Please refer to Figure 10, which is a schematic diagram of adding redundant symbols according to another embodiment of the present invention. In another embodiment, the sequence to be transmitted by the first node includes 20 OOK symbols, which represent the preamble information of the second node in the first state (ON state). First, each OOK symbol is scrambled with a sequence of all 1s of length 15 to obtain a first sequence of length 300 symbols, which is still an ON-OFF sequence. Then, redundant symbols are further added to these 300 symbols to obtain a second sequence. A total of 200 redundant symbols are added. For example, 15 symbols are added to the first symbol sequence (15 symbols) corresponding to the first OOK symbol to obtain the second sequence. The original 15 symbols of the first symbol sequence are located at the beginning of the second sequence, and so on, adding a total of 200 redundant symbols. Although the length of the all-1 sequence in this embodiment is described as 15 symbols, the length of the all-1 sequence (N1, N2, N3...) can be determined according to the type, state, or signal function (e.g., preamble, PRDCH) of the second node.

[0107] In one embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment addresses the problem that high PAPR in CP-OFDM or related waveforms leads to non-flatness in the OOK-1 / OOK-4 time domain, resulting in erroneous detection. This embodiment focuses on solutions for flattening the OOK-1 or OOK-4 time domain waveforms.

[0108] NR specifies the maximum transmit power corresponding to DFT-s-OFDM and CP-OFDM. When the AIoT device 40 uses OOK-1 and OOK-4 (M=1) time-domain signals, it can still use CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM. When the first node switches from DFT-s-OFDM to CP-OFDM, the maximum transmit power decreases. If the configured time-frequency resources are still applied at this time, it may lead to link transmission failure. When the first node switches from CP-OFDM to DFT-s-OFDM, a power boost of 2-2.5dB can be obtained under the same modulation conditions, and a power boost of 6dB can be obtained with different modulations. Furthermore, CP-OFDM has a larger PAPR at the same transmit power compared to DFT-s-OFDM when generating OOK time-domain signals. Therefore, this embodiment achieves waveform flattening of OOK-1 / OOK-4 time-domain signals by considering the switching between CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM.

[0109] Please refer to Figure 11, which illustrates a waveform diagram of switching from CP-OFDM to DFT-s-OFDM according to an embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment of the present invention, a first node (e.g., base station 200) switches the waveform transmission of R2D signals according to a first rule, for example, switching from CP-OFDM to DFT-s-OFDM. The first rule includes at least one of the following:

[0110] The second node either failed to demodulate the D2R signal correctly or did not receive the D2R signal.

[0111] The second node reports that the R2D signal was not received and demodulated correctly (e.g., CRC check failed), and the R2D signal is either OOK-1 or OOK-4.

[0112] The first node determines whether waveform switching is necessary based on the RSRP / RSSI / RSRQ measurement results of the first signal reported by the second node.

[0113] In another embodiment, base station 200 instructs the first node to switch waveforms to transmit R2D signals according to a first rule, for example, switching from CP-OFDM to DFT-s-OFDM. The transmission process includes the following steps:

[0114] Base station 200 receives a waveform switching request reported by user equipment 10.

[0115] While instructing the user equipment 10 to switch waveforms, base station 200 reconfigures the resources after the waveform switch. For example, if the R2D resources are scheduled from 3RB to 10RB to support OOK-4 (M>1) transmission, then base station 200 instructs the UE to switch from CP-OFDM to DFT-s-OFDM.

[0116] Please refer to Figure 12, which illustrates a waveform diagram of switching between different sequence types and different sequence lengths according to an embodiment of the present invention. In another embodiment, different sequence types and different sequence lengths are used to handle the time-domain flatness problem of OOK-1 / OOK-4. The first node scrambles the same OOK symbol at different times using different scrambling sequences according to a first rule, or, according to the first rule, scrambles the same OOK symbol at different times using scrambling sequences of the same scrambling sequence type, length, and / or different cyclic shift values. For example, the first scrambling sequence is a ZC sequence, and the second scrambling sequence is an M sequence with the same length. Alternatively, both the first and second scrambling sequences are ZC sequences, but the length of the first scrambling sequence is N1, and the length of the second scrambling sequence is N2 (N1 is not equal to N2). Or, both the first and second scrambling sequences are ZC sequences with the same length, but the first scrambling sequence undergoes N1 cyclic shifts, and the second scrambling sequence undergoes N2 cyclic shifts. The first rule includes at least one of the following:

[0117] Base station 200 failed to demodulate the D2R signal correctly or did not receive the D2R signal.

[0118] The second node reports that the R2D signal was not received and demodulated correctly (e.g., CRC check failed), and the R2D signal is either OOK-1 or OOK-4.

[0119] In another embodiment, base station 200 instructs a first node to scramble the OOK symbol using different sequences according to a first rule. For example, the first sequence is a ZC sequence, and the second sequence is an M sequence with the same length. The transmission process includes at least one of the following steps.

[0120] Base station 200 receives a sequence change request reported by UE.

[0121] Base station 200 determines sequence changes based on the AIoT resources configured at higher layers. For example, if R2D resources are scheduled from 3RB to 10RB to support OOK-4 (M>1) transmission, then base station 200 instructs the UE to switch from CP-OFDM to DFT-s-OFDM.

[0122] A technical issue remains with the existing technology. Considering factors such as power consumption, the behavior of AIoT devices may differ at different times. Specifically, in the first state (which can be called ON or active), the AIoT device needs to receive an R2D preamble to determine the start time of the PRDCH, the chip length of the R2D signal, and perform functions such as sample frequency offset (SFO) correction / synchronization. In the third state (which can be called Sleep, Dormant, or Power Saving), the AIoT device needs to receive an R2D preamble. The R2D preamble is mainly used for activation or wake-up functions to trigger the AIoT device to switch back to the first state. The third state can be considered a power-saving mode, aiming to extend the battery life of the AIoT device and minimize its power consumption. Therefore, different designs are needed for the R2D preamble in different states.

[0123] In one embodiment of the present invention, different R2D preambles are designed to facilitate the AIoT device 40 in identifying switching between different states. The AIoT device 40 may be in a charging or discharging process at any given time. Therefore, the behavior of the AIoT device 40 is considered in terms of power consumption. The AIoT device 40 can be in a first state (which may be called ON, or active state), a second state (which may be called OFF, de-active), and a third state (which may be called Sleep, dormant, or power saving state). Based on factors such as power consumption, the AIoT device 40 can switch between different states. For example, if the AIoT device 40 is device 1, it can switch between the first and second states. For instance, when the AIoT device 40 has sufficient power, it can be in the first state; when the AIoT device 40 has insufficient power, it can be in the second state. If the AIoT device 40 is device 2b, when the AIoT device 40 has sufficient power, it can be in the first state; when the AIoT device 40 is in the first state, the reader can explicitly / implicitly instruct the AIoT device 40 to switch to the third state. When AIoT device 40 is in the third state, the reader can also explicitly / implicitly instruct AIoT device 40 to switch to the first state; when AIoT device 40 has low power, AIoT device 40 can be in the second state.

[0124] In one embodiment, when the AIoT device 40 is in a first state, the first signal or the third signal includes an R2D preamble, which includes an R2D start indicator part and a clock acquisition part. In a third state, the R2D preamble includes the R2D start indicator part but does not include the clock acquisition part. That is, in the first state, the first node sends the first signal or the third signal, and the R2D preamble includes both the R2D start indicator part and the clock acquisition part. In the third state, the second node only needs to be woken up, so no additional data transmission is required. Therefore, the R2D preamble sent by the first node in the first signal or the third signal includes the R2D start indicator part but not the clock acquisition part. Correspondingly, the second node receives the R2D preamble based on the same principle. In the first state, the second node receives the first signal or the third signal, and the R2D preamble includes both the R2D start indicator part and the clock acquisition part. In the third state, the second node receives the R2D preamble in the first signal or the third signal, which includes the R2D start indicator part but not the clock acquisition part.

[0125] In another embodiment, in the first state, the R2D start indication portion of the R2D preamble is transmitted in a sequence-based manner. This sequence consists of 0s and 1s and can be at least one of the following: ZC sequence, m-sequence, randomly selected sequence, etc. Optionally, other sequences can also be used for the R2D start indication portion. In the first state, 0s and 1s appear alternately in the sequence of the R2D start indication portion, for example, 10100110, where the number of 0s and 1s are both greater than or equal to 1, or the number of consecutive 0s or consecutive 1s in the sequence of the R2D start indication portion does not exceed m (m is greater than 1). In the third state, the R2D start indication portion of the R2D preamble is transmitted in an ON-OFF pattern, where ON is 1 and OFF is 0. In the third state, the R2D start indicator consists of a series of consecutive 1s and a series of consecutive 0s, such as 11110000. In the switch mode, the number of 1s can be greater than the number of 0s, the number of 0s can be greater than or equal to 0, and the number of 1s can be greater than or equal to 1. Because the transmission methods differ between the first and third states, the second node only needs to perform energy detection to determine the incoming signal requirement. Furthermore, the length of the R2D start indicator in the sequence-based method can be the same as or different from the length of the R2D start indicator in the switch mode.

[0126] In another embodiment, regardless of whether it is the first state or the third state, the R2D start indication portion of the R2D preamble is transmitted in a switch mode. However, in the first state and the third state, the R2D start indication portion of the R2D preamble is transmitted using different switch modes. The R2D start indication portion consists of a set of consecutive 1s and a set of consecutive 0s, for example, 11110000. Specifically, in the first state, the lengths of ON (i.e., 1) and OFF (i.e., 0) are equal. In the third state, the lengths of ON and OFF are different; for example, the number of 1s can be greater than the number of 0s, the number of 0s can be greater than or equal to 0, and the number of 1s can be greater than or equal to 1. Alternatively, in the first state and the third state, the length of the R2D start indication portion is different; for example, in the first state, the length of the R2D start indication portion is N1, and in the third state, the length of the R2D start indication portion is N2. Or, in the first state and the third state, the length of the R2D start indication portion is the same, but the number of 1s is different.

[0127] In one embodiment, when the second node receives and detects the R2D signal, this embodiment proposes using energy detection to determine the definition and indication method of the OOK symbol when performing detection based on non-correlation demodulation methods such as envelope detection. This embodiment is applicable to R2D signals, LP-WUS, or LP-SS signals.

[0128] If the AIoT device is based on the energy detection OOK waveform, then the energy detection OOK waveform needs to be defined according to the different capabilities and states of the AIoT device, including energy parameters, duration, etc., and then indicated to the AIoT device.

[0129] Furthermore, unlike RFID, AIoT's R2D signal is an OOK signal generated through an OFDM architecture. Regardless of whether it is based on energy detection or edge detection, the design and definition of its waveform need to be considered to meet the demodulation requirements of low-power receivers (WUR, Device 1, Device 2a, and / or Device 2b of AIoT devices).

[0130] Please refer to FIG. 13. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an OOK waveform based on energy detection provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Based on the time-domain waveforms of OOK-1 or OOK-4 (M>=1), the following parameters are provided in this embodiment: Y, N, Q, time unit, threshold, and detection rules. The time unit can be an OFDM symbol. Y, N, and Q represent a percentage unit, where 100%>=Q%>N%>Y%>0. For example, Q = 95, N = 60, Y = 20. Or Y, N, and Q may also be a range. For example, Q = 85 to 95. That is, Y, N, and Q can be absolute indicators or relative indicators. In addition, the value of N must be greater than or equal to the envelope detection threshold of the second node. The threshold must be greater than or equal to 100% to ensure that the PAPR of the OOK time-domain waveform does not exceed the breakdown voltage of the envelope detector. The detection rules include at least one of the following:

[0131] When, within a time unit, the cumulative energy of the third signal (OOK time-domain signal) is greater than the first energy value T, the bit value of the third signal is 1, where the first energy value T is greater than or equal to the second energy value P; when, within the time unit, the cumulative energy of the third signal is less than the second energy value P, the bit value of the third signal is 0. The first energy value T and the second energy value P are related to the transmission power of the first node, path loss, and the receiver sensitivity (or the type of the second node) of the second node. Specifically, when the transmission power of the first node becomes higher, the values of the first energy value T and the second energy value P will also become larger; conversely, when the transmission power of the first node decreases, the values of the first energy value T and the second energy value P will become smaller.

[0132] When, within a time unit, the number of times the energy of the third signal (OOK time-domain signal) is greater than the first detection parameter Q is greater than the count value A, and the cumulative energy of the third signal is greater than the first energy value T' (T'<T), the bit value of the third signal is 1; when, within the time unit, the amplitude of the third signal is less than the third detection parameter Y, the bit value of the third signal is 0. The first energy value T' is related to the transmission power of the Reader, path loss, and the receiver sensitivity (or the type of the device) of the device; specifically, when the transmission power of the first node becomes higher, the value of the first energy value T' will also become larger; conversely, when the transmission power of the first node decreases, the value of the first energy value T' will become smaller.

[0133] In another embodiment, for the time-domain signal of OOK-4 (M>1), the following parameters are provided: Y, N, Q, time unit, threshold, and detection rule. The time unit is one chip, and the following parameters are provided: Y, N, Q, time unit, threshold, and detection rule. The time unit can be one OFDM symbol. Y, N, Q represent a percentage unit, where 100% >= Q% > N% > Y% > 0. For example, Q = 95, N = 60, Y = 20. Or Y, N, Q may also be a range, for example, Q = 85 to 95. That is to say, Y, N, Q can be absolute indicators or relative indicators. In addition, the N value must be greater than or equal to the envelope detection threshold of the second node. The threshold must be greater than or equal to 100% to ensure that the PAPR of the OOK time-domain waveform does not exceed the breakdown voltage of the envelope detector. The detection rule includes at least one of the following:

[0134] When, within a time unit, the cumulative energy of the third signal (OOK time-domain signal) is greater than the first energy value T, the bit value of the third signal is 1, where the first energy value T is greater than or equal to the second energy value P; when, within the time unit, the cumulative energy of the third signal is less than the second energy value P, the bit value of the third signal is 0. The first energy value T and the second energy value P are related to the transmission power of the first node, path loss, and the receiver sensitivity of the second node (or the type of the second node). Specifically, when the transmission power of the first node becomes higher, the values of the first energy value T and the second energy value P will also become larger; conversely, when the transmission power of the first node decreases, the values of the first energy value T and the second energy value P will become smaller.

[0135] When, within a time unit, the waveform energy of the third signal (OOK time-domain waveform) is greater than Q%B times (A>B>=1), and the cumulative energy of the third signal is greater than the first energy value T” (T”<T’<T), the bit value of the third signal is 1. Within a time unit, if the time-domain waveform of OOK is always less than Y, the bit value of the third signal is 0. The first energy value T” is related to the transmission power of the first node, path loss, and the receiver sensitivity of the second node (or the type of the second node). Specifically, when the transmission power of the first node becomes higher, the value of the first energy value T” will also become larger; conversely, when the transmission power of the first node decreases, the value of the first energy value T” will become smaller.

[0136] In another embodiment, when the second node is in the third state, the detection rule for determining whether the OOK symbol is 1 or not can differ from the previous two embodiments. In the third state, if within a time unit, the energy of the third signal waveform is greater than the envelope detection threshold and the number of times the energy of the third signal waveform is greater than the envelope detection threshold is greater than or equal to the count value C, then the bit value of the third signal is 1; if within the time unit, the energy of the third signal waveform is less than or equal to the envelope detection threshold and the number of times the energy of the third signal waveform is less than or equal to the envelope detection threshold is greater than or equal to the count value C (C has a minimum value of 1). The time unit may be one OFDM symbol, one slice, or more or less than one OFDM symbol, or more or less than one slice. This waveform is mainly used to wake up the second node, causing the second node to transition from the third state to the first state (ON).

[0137] This embodiment considers that the energy of the OOK time-domain waveform is related to the transmit power of the first node, and provides indication methods for the corresponding OOK-1 and OOK-4 waveform detection parameters. Whether the change in the OOK waveform energy received by the second node (e.g., AIoT device 40) is caused by the movement of the first node (e.g., UE 200), or by a change in the transmit power of the first node, if the detection rules of the first node remain unchanged, it may lead to misjudgment by the first node. Therefore, when the transmit power of the transmitting end changes, the second node can optionally determine the OOK symbol according to different detection rules. The detection rules can be predefined or dynamically indicated.

[0138] Alternatively, another possible embodiment is that the detection rules and waveform parameters are predefined, including at least one of the following:

[0139] The second node is in the first state and is detected according to the first detection rule or the second detection rule.

[0140] The second node is in the third state and is being tested according to the third detection rule.

[0141] Alternatively, another possible embodiment is that the detection rules and waveform parameters are dynamically indicated, including at least one of the following:

[0142] Based on the D2R signal (or proximity measurement result) of the second node and the status (first status, third status, capability information, etc.) reported by the second node, the base station 200 determines the OOK time-domain waveform detection parameters (e.g., Q, N, Y) and detection rules (T, P) and instructs the second node to update them through the L1 control signaling or higher-layer signaling of R2D.

[0143] Alternatively, the first node (UE 10) determines the OOK time-domain waveform detection parameters (e.g., Q, N, Y) and detection rules (T, P) based on the D2R signal (or proximity measurement results) from the second node and the status reported by the second node (first status, third status, capability information, etc.), and instructs the second node to update them via L1 control signaling or higher-layer signaling of R2D. The OOK time-domain waveform detection parameters (e.g., Q, N, Y) and detection rules can also be instructed by the base station 200 to the first node (UE 10) via the Uu air interface.

[0144] Please refer to Figure 14, which is a schematic diagram of the OOK waveform based on edge change detection provided in an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment considers that when the second node receives and detects the R2D signal, and performs detection using non-correlated demodulation methods such as envelope detection, it employs an edge change detection method to determine the definition and indication method of the OOK symbol. This embodiment is applicable to R2D signals, LP-WUS, or LP-SS signals.

[0145] This embodiment provides the following parameters for OOK-1 or OOK-4 (M>=1) time-domain signals based on edge change detection: T1, T2, Y, N, Q, time unit, and detection rule. T1 represents the duration for the waveform power (energy, level) to rise from Y% to N%, and T1 includes a maximum value and a minimum value. For OOK-1 and OOK-4 (M=1) time-domain signals, the maximum length of T1 is A of one OFDM symbol, for example, A=5%. For OOK-4 (M>1) time-domain signals, the maximum length of T1 is B of one chip length, for example, B=5%. For R2D signals with added cyclic prefix (CP), such as the clock acquisition part of an R2D signal, the maximum length of T1 does not exceed the length of CP.

[0146] T2 represents the duration for the waveform power (energy, level) to decrease from N% to Y%, and includes a maximum and a minimum value. For OOK-1 and OOK-4 (M=1), the maximum length of T2 is A of one OFDM symbol, for example, A=5%; for OOK-4 (M>1), the maximum length of T2 is B of one chip length, for example, B=5%; for R2D signals with added CP, such as the clock acquisition section of an R2D signal, the maximum length of T2 does not exceed the length of the CP. Q represents the maximum power (energy, level) value of the OOK symbol. N represents the minimum threshold activation value of the second node, or the minimum detection threshold for rising edge / edge detection high level. Y represents the minimum detection threshold for falling edge / edge detection low level. For OOK-1 and OOK-4 (M=1) time-domain signals, the time unit is one OFDM symbol. For OOK-4 (M>1) time-domain signals, the time unit is a chip duration, the length of which depends on the length of the OFDM symbol (or SCS) and the value of M, where M is less than 32.

[0147] The testing rules are divided into three categories: the first testing rule, the second testing rule, and the third testing rule.

[0148] First detection rule: If the second node detects the OOK symbol rising from Y% to N% within time T1, then the bit value of the third signal (OOK time domain signal) within the time unit is 1 (ON).

[0149] Second detection rule: If the second node detects the OOK symbol rising from Y% to N% within time T1, and does not detect a level value below N% within time T3 (or detects a level value below N% less than X times within time T3, where X is greater than or equal to 1), then the bit value of the third signal (OOK time domain signal) is 1 (ON) within the time unit.

[0150] Third detection rule: If the second node detects the OOK symbol decreasing from N% to Y% within time T2, then the bit value of the third signal (OOK time domain signal) within the time unit is 0 (OFF);

[0151] Fourth detection rule: If the second node detects the OOK symbol decreasing from N% to Y% within time T2, and does not detect a level value higher than Y% within time T4 (or detects a level value higher than Y% less than X times within time T4, where X is greater than or equal to 1), then the bit value of the third signal (OOK time domain signal) within the time unit is 0 (OFF).

[0152] One possible implementation is as follows: The first node sends an R2D signal and obtains the start indication portion of the signal based on the R2D time. The first level is ON. If the second node has sufficient energy, it needs to receive the first level of the start indication portion to activate itself and facilitate subsequent R2D signal reception. The second node receives the first level within time T1 but is not activated. However, once the first level exceeds N%, the second node is activated and continues receiving. In this case, because the first to fourth detection rules are not satisfied, the second node may not determine whether the first level is ON or OFF. In other cases, a fifth detection rule can be defined to satisfy this condition, such that the second node determines it is ON; if the second level is OFF, then if the second node, in its activated state, has a level below Y% within time T2 (satisfying the third detection rule), then the second level is determined to be OFF.

[0153] Secondly, this embodiment considers that the settings of parameters such as Y and N of the OOK time-domain waveform are related to the transmit power of the first node, and provides corresponding indication methods for OOK-1 and OOK-4 waveform detection parameters. Whether the energy of the OOK waveform received by the second node changes due to the movement of the first node (e.g., the UE), or the transmit power of the first node (e.g., the UE) changes, if the device's decision rules remain unchanged, it may cause misjudgment by the second node. Therefore, when the transmit power of the transmitting end changes, optionally, the second node determines the OOK symbol according to different detection rules. The detection rules can be predefined or dynamically indicated.

[0154] In one embodiment, the detection rules and waveform parameters are predefined. When the second node is in the first state, the first, second, third, and fourth detection rules all apply. When the second node is in the third state, detection is performed only according to the first and third detection rules.

[0155] In another embodiment, the detection rules and waveform parameters are dynamically indicated. When the first node is base station 200, base station 200 determines the OOK time-domain waveform detection parameters (e.g., T1, T2, Q, N, Y) and detection rules (T, P) according to a first condition, and instructs the second node to update them via L1 control signaling or higher-layer signaling of R2D. The first condition includes at least one of the following:

[0156] Base station 200 obtains nearest neighbor measurement results based on the received D2R signal. When the measurement results meet a threshold A, the OOK time-domain waveform parameters are updated. The threshold is predefined.

[0157] Base station 200 configures the OOK time-domain waveform parameters based on the capability information reported by the second node. The capability information includes the type of the second node (the second node is device 1, device 2a, or device 2b), capacitor storage capacity, power amplification capability, etc.

[0158] Base station 200 configures the OOK time domain waveform parameters based on the status information reported by the second node, such as whether the second node is in the first or third state.

[0159] In another embodiment, when the first node is user equipment 10, user equipment 10 determines the OOK time-domain waveform detection parameters (e.g., T1, T2, Q, N, Y) and detection rules (T, P) according to the second condition, and instructs the second node to update them via L1 control signaling or higher-layer signaling of R2D. The OOK time-domain waveform detection parameters (e.g., Q, N, Y) and detection rules can also be indicated to user equipment 10 by base station 200 via Uu air interface.

[0160] The second condition includes at least one of the following:

[0161] User equipment 10 obtains the nearest neighbor measurement result based on the received D2R signal. When the measurement result meets the threshold A, the OOK time domain waveform parameter is updated. The threshold is predefined.

[0162] User equipment 10 configures the OOK time-domain waveform parameters based on the capability information reported by the second node. The capability information includes the type of the second node (the second node is device 1, device 2a, or device 2b), capacitor storage capacity, power amplification capacity, etc.

[0163] User equipment 10 configures the OOK time-domain waveform parameters based on the status information reported by the second node, such as whether the second node is in the first or third state.

[0164] User equipment 10 updates the parameter configuration of the OOK time domain waveform according to the instruction information from base station 200.

[0165] Please refer to Figure 15, which illustrates a schematic diagram of adding CRC and line coding, as well as OOK-1 / OOK-4 modulation to the L1 control signal and data respectively, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Since the lengths of the L1 control information and data portions are different, the detection performance requirements are also different. This embodiment designs different CRCs for the L1 control information and data portions.

[0166] PRDCH contains L1 control information and / or data. The PRDCH signal generation process includes adding CRC, linear encoding, and OOK-1 / OOK-4 modulation. There are two ways to add CRC: adding CRC together with L1 control information and data; adding CRC separately for L1 control information and data. The CRC length can be 6 bits, 16 bits, or 0 bits (i.e., no CRC added). The CRC length is related to the signal length (or signal size, number of bits, which can be written as TBS), detection performance, etc. For the same Transport Block Size (TBS), a longer CRC results in better detection performance. However, the smaller the TBS, the larger the CRC overhead, thus affecting transmission efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to support multiple different CRC lengths to meet different needs. Currently, the protocol has not standardized the content of L1 control signaling, so signal generation and L1 control signaling require further design.

[0167] Method 1: Add CRC together with L1 control information (if present) and data. As shown in Table 2, the CRC length is determined based on the total length of the L1 control information and data. The first, second, and third thresholds are predefined by the protocol. The ranges, thresholds, and lengths shown in Table 2 are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit their range.

[0168] Table 2

[0169] Option 2: Determine the CRC length based on the signal content carried by the PRDCH.

[0170] Option 2.1: Determine the CRC length based on whether the PRDCH carries L1 control information. When the PRDCH carries L1 control information, there are two possibilities: L1 control information present but no data; or both L1 control information and data. When the PRDCH does not carry L1 control information, i.e., it only carries data, the first node can determine the CRC length using the following methods: If the PRDCH carries L1 control information, regardless of whether it carries data, the protocol predefines the CRC length as X, for example, X = 16 or 24; or, the first node can determine the CRC length based on the length or type of L1 control information, for example, by determining the CRC length based on the length of the L1 control information, as shown in Table 3, where the first threshold, second threshold, and third threshold are predefined by the protocol. The intervals, thresholds, and lengths shown in Table 3 are only illustrative examples and do not limit their range.

[0171] Table 3

[0172] When the PRDCH does not carry L1 control information, that is, when the PRDCH only carries data, the first node can determine the CRC length based on the length of the data, which will not be elaborated further.

[0173] Scheme 2.2: Determine the set of CRC lengths by whether the PRDCH carries L1 control information. The CRC length includes at least two lengths: a first value, a second value, a third value, and a fourth value (e.g., 0, 6, 16, and 24 respectively). The PRDCH carries L1 control information, and the set of CRC lengths is set 1, containing one or more CRC lengths, for example, set 1 is {third value, fourth value}. Further, the first node determines the CRC length in set 1 based on the total length of the L1 control information and / or data, as shown in Table 4. The intervals, thresholds, lengths, and other values ​​shown in Table 4 are only illustrative examples and do not limit their range.

[0174] Table 4

[0175] PRDCH does not carry L1 control information. The set of CRC lengths is set 2. Set 2 contains one or more CRC lengths. For example, set 2 is {first value, second value}. The values ​​of set 1 and set 2 can partially overlap or not overlap at all.

[0176] Furthermore, the first node determines the CRC length in set 2 based on the data length, as shown in Table 5. The intervals, thresholds, lengths, and other values ​​shown in Table 5 are merely illustrative examples and do not limit their range.

[0177] Table 5

[0178] The intervals and thresholds in Tables 1-5 are independent of each other. That is, the first interval or the first threshold may not be the same in different tables, and this invention does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0179] Scheme 2.3: The CRC length is determined by whether the PRDCH carries data, the opposite of Scheme 2.1. Whether the PRDCH carries data or not, the protocol predefines the CRC length as X. Alternatively, the first node can determine the CRC length based on the data length. The first, second, and third thresholds are predefined by the protocol, as shown in Table 6. The intervals, thresholds, and lengths shown in Table 6 are merely illustrative examples and do not limit their range.

[0180] Table 6

[0181] When the PRDCH does not carry data, that is, when the PRDCH only carries L1 control information, the first node can determine the CRC length based on the length of the L1 control information, which will not be elaborated further.

[0182] Method 2: Add CRC to L1 control information (if it exists) and data respectively.

[0183] Option 1: L1 control information uses a predefined CRC length. For example, regardless of the length or type of L1 control information, a predefined CRC length is used, such as 16 or 24 bits as predetermined by the protocol. For the data portion, the first node determines the CRC length based on the data length, as shown in Table 6.

[0184] Option 2: Set 1 of the CRC lengths for L1 control information contains one or more CRC lengths, for example, set 1 is {third value, fourth value}, and set 2 of the CRC lengths for data contains one or more CRC lengths, for example, set 2 is {first value, second value}. The values ​​of set 1 and set 2 can partially overlap or not overlap at all. The first node determines its respective CRC length based on the length of the L1 control information and the length of the data.

[0185] Option 3: For L1 control information, the first node determines the CRC length based on the length of the L1 control information. The data portion uses a predefined CRC length. This is the opposite of Option 1.

[0186] R2D line coding methods include Manchester coding and PIE coding. Manchester coding also includes two methods: codeword repetition and codeword multiplication with a square wave.

[0187] In this embodiment, L1 control information and data can employ different encoding methods. The step of line encoding the L1 control signaling with the added cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code and the data with the added CRC code includes:

[0188] The L1 control information is encoded using a first encoding method, wherein the first encoding method includes at least one of the following: Manchester encoding and PIE encoding.

[0189] The data is encoded using a second encoding method, which includes at least one of the following: Manchester encoding and PIE encoding. The Manchester encoding includes at least one of the following: codeword repetition and codeword multiplication with a square wave.

[0190] In this embodiment, the first encoding method is predefined or indicated by an R2D preamble; the second encoding method is indicated by the L1 control information or by the R2D preamble. The R2D preamble indication can jointly indicate the encoding methods of the L1 control information and data, and the encoding methods of the two can be different.

[0191] Please refer to Figure 16, which illustrates a schematic diagram of adding CRC and line coding, as well as OOK-1 / OOK-4 modulation, to the L1 control signal and data according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, after adding CRC to the L1 control signal and data, different line coding and OOK-1 / OOK-4 modulation are performed respectively, and finally, the modulated signals are concatenated together. In this embodiment, the L1 control signal and data are modulated using OOK-1 / OOK-4 respectively, and the L1 control information and data can use different modulation methods. A first modulation method is used for the L1 control information, wherein the first modulation method includes at least one of the following: OOK-1 modulation, OOK-4 modulation, and M = M1. On the other hand, a second modulation method is used for the data, wherein the second modulation method includes at least one of the following: OOK-1 modulation, OOK-4 modulation, and M = M2, where M represents the number of OOK symbols contained in each OFDM symbol, and M1 and M2 can be equal or unequal.

[0192] In other words, the L1 control information uses a fixed modulation scheme or M value, for example, OOK-4M=1 (equivalent to OOK-1), while the modulation scheme or M value of the data can be indicated by the R2D preamble or the L1 control information. Alternatively, the modulation scheme or M value of the L1 control information can be indicated by the R2D preamble, and the modulation scheme or M value of the data can also be indicated by the L1 control information. Alternatively, the R2D preamble can jointly indicate the modulation scheme or M value of both the L1 control information and the data, and the two modulation schemes or M values ​​can be different.

[0193] Please refer to Figure 17, which is a schematic diagram of L1 control information in the PRDCH according to an embodiment of the present invention. The L1 control information in the PRDCH consists of a first part and a second part. The first part consists of a fixed number of bits, for example, 1 or 2 bits. The first part can be used to determine the length of the L1 control information, and it can also be the type or format of the L1 control information, with each type or format corresponding to a different length of L1 control information. The number of bits can be predetermined by the protocol and is related to the types of total lengths of the L1 control information. For example, if there are four possible lengths for the total length of the L1 control information, then the first part can be 2 bits. The first part is located in the highest / lowest bit position of the L1 control information. The second node determines the length of the L1 control information through the first part, thereby reducing blind detection and lowering the complexity of the second node.

[0194] The number of bits in the second part is variable and can support multiple lengths. The second node can determine the length of the second part through the first part. The second part is used to carry the remaining L1 control information, and it carries at least one of the following: R2D scheduling information, D2R midamble, D2R postamble, D2R scheduling information, the second node identifier, and the second node group identifier. The L1 control information carried by the second part includes, but is not limited to, R2D TBS, D2R midamble / postamble, D2R frequency resources, modulation / coding scheme (MCS-like), second node identifier / second node group identifier, and the control information in the above embodiments.

[0195] Figure 17 illustrates the D2R intermediate / post-code, and its function is further explained below. The D2R intermediate / post-code is not always present; therefore, it is necessary to indicate the presence and number of D2R intermediate codes. For example, if indicated by L1 control information, the L1 control information requires two fields. The first field indicates the presence and number of D2R intermediate codes, where X represents the number of D2R intermediate codes, and X is greater than or equal to 0. The first field needs... The second field is used to indicate the presence of a D2R aftercode; this field requires 1 bit.

[0196] In one embodiment, the position of the D2R intermediate preamble can be determined in the following two ways:

[0197] Method 1: The second node calculates the position of the intermediate preamble based on X indicated by the first field and the TBS of D2R. For example, the second node evenly distributes the X intermediate preambles in the PDRCH (which may or may not contain CRC), that is, divides the PDRCH into several segments, inserting D2R intermediate preambles between each segment. Alternatively, if the PDRCH cannot be divided into several segments, the first or last segment can be smaller or larger than the other segments, and D2R intermediate preambles are inserted between each segment.

[0198] Method 2: The third field indicates the position of the intermediate preamble. For example, it can be the offset between the start bit or start time unit of the intermediate preamble and the start bit or start time unit or the last bit or end time unit of the D2R preamble; or, the offset between the start bit or start time unit of the intermediate preamble and the start bit or start time unit of the PRDCH; or, the offset between the start bits or start time units of the two intermediate preambles. In Method 2, the first field may be omitted, and this invention is not restrictive in this regard.

[0199] To conserve control information bits, this embodiment employs a joint indication method to simultaneously indicate the number X of D2R intermediate preambles (X = 0 indicates none, X > 1 indicates the number of intermediate preambles is X) and the existence of a D2R postamble. That is, a single field indicates both the number X of D2R intermediate preambles and the existence of a D2R postamble. This field can have... Bit.

[0200] Both the D2R preamble and postamble can be used for D2R synchronization at the first node. To further conserve L1 control information bits, the number of (X, Y) combinations is limited through protocol predefined methods or high-level parameter configuration. Here, Y indicates the presence of the D2R preamble; for example, Y=0 indicates its absence, and Y=1 indicates its presence. For instance, when X is large, Y only needs to be 0, meaning that when X has a specific value, Y=1 is not supported; conversely, when Y=1, X can only be a relatively small value. This reduces the number of (X, Y) combinations. When there are M groups of (X, Y), they can be... One combination of bit indications (X, Y).

[0201] In another embodiment, the position of the D2R intermediate preamble can be determined in several ways:

[0202] Method 1: The second node calculates the position of the intermediate preamble based on X indicated by the first field and the TBS of D2R. For example, the second node evenly distributes X intermediate preambles in the PDRCH (which may or may not contain CRC). The PDRCH is divided into several segments, with D2R intermediate preambles inserted between each segment. Alternatively, if the PDRCH cannot be divided into several segments, the first or last segment can be smaller or larger than the other segments, with D2R intermediate preambles inserted between each segment.

[0203] Method 2: The third field is used to indicate the position of the intermediate preamble. For example, the offset between the start bit or start time unit of the intermediate preamble and the start bit or start time unit or the last bit or end time unit of the D2R preamble, or the offset between the start bit or start time unit of the intermediate preamble and the start bit or start time unit of the PRDCH, or the offset between the start bits or start time units of the two intermediate preambles.

[0204] Method 3: The combined indication method simultaneously indicates the number X of D2R intermediate preambles, the position of the D2R intermediate preambles, and whether a D2R post-preamble exists, or indicates a combination of these three (X, Y, M). X and Y are defined as above, and M is used to determine the position of the D2R intermediate preambles. Optionally, M can consist of multiple values ​​to determine the position of each D2R intermediate preamble.

[0205] The specific instructions may include at least one of the following:

[0206] The second part of the L1 control information includes a first field, which is used to simultaneously indicate the number X of D2R intermediate preambles and whether there is a D2R preamble, or indicate one of the combinations of (X, Y), or indicate the number X of D2R intermediate preambles, the position of the D2R intermediate preambles, and whether there is a D2R postamble, or indicate a combination of the three (X, Y, M).

[0207] The first part of the L1 control information implicitly indicates the number X of D2R intermediate preambles and the presence of a D2R preamble, or implicitly indicates one combination of (X, Y), or indicates the number X of D2R intermediate preambles, the position of the D2R intermediate preambles, and the presence of a D2R postamble, or indicates a combination of these three (X, Y, M). Specifically, one type or format of L1 control information corresponds to one (X, Y) or (X, Y, M).

[0208] The field used to indicate the TBS for D2R implicitly indicates the number X of D2R intermediate preambles and the presence of a D2R preamble, or implicitly indicates one of the combinations of (X, Y), or indicates the number X of D2R intermediate preambles, the position of the D2R intermediate preambles, and the presence of a D2R postamble, or indicates a combination of these three (X, Y, M). Specifically, one TBS size corresponds to one (X, Y) or (X, Y, M). This field can be in the second part of the L1 control information or carried in the PRDCH data.

[0209] Optionally, higher-level parameters (e.g., MAC CE) can simultaneously indicate the number of D2R intermediate preambles X and the presence of a D2R preamble, or indicate one of the combinations of (X, Y), or indicate the number of D2R intermediate preambles X, the position of the D2R intermediate preambles, and the presence of a D2R postamble, or indicate a combination of the three (X, Y, M).

[0210] As shown in Figure 14, the first node of this invention can be user equipment 10, which is controlled and resources are allocated by base station 200. Base station 200 and UE 10 can control signaling via Uu air interface L1. Base station 200 can schedule (configure) user equipment 10's UL resources for R2D signal transmission (or CW, D2R transmission), and can also schedule (configure) its DL resources for R2D transmission (or CW, D2R transmission).

[0211] User Equipment Readers (UEreaders) are controlled by the base station. The L1 control signaling of the Uu air interface (the interface between the base station and the UE reader) can reuse existing signaling or be redesigned according to the UE reader's needs. For example, the protocol of RAN 1#119 mentions that AIoT transmission resources can be allocated to the UE reader and its behavior controlled through a combination of higher-layer signaling and L1 control signaling. If the Uu air interface L1 control signaling is reconsidered, new functions need to be considered based on existing control signaling, or new control signaling (including R2D and D2R transmissions of the UE reader) needs to be defined. Furthermore, UE readers may transmit two-tone carrier signals; if the existing DCI is reused, changes in CRC addition, rate matching, channel coding, etc., need to be considered in the adaptation design.

[0212] In traditional NR, the SCS configuration is broadcast to the UE along with the SFN and BWP parameters via the PBCH, forming the SSB together with the PSS and SSS. Currently, research on R2D signal SCS is based on 15kHz or 30kHz, and the possibility of a 3.75kHz SCS (UL) similar to NB-IoT cannot be ruled out. However, the SCS applicable to R2D or D2R is predefined, and whether a broadcast notification similar to the PBCH is needed, or a separate signaling indication, requires redefinition.

[0213] Specifically, this embodiment provides two solutions. The first solution is to reuse the existing DCI format and add new functions to the possible DCI for user equipment 10 to transmit R2D, CW, or receive D2R signals. The second solution is to design new Uu air interface control signaling. The first solution reuses the existing DCI format. Please refer to Table 7, which is based on the DCI format defined in TS 38.212.

[0214] Table 7

[0215] DCI 0_0 only supports some NR features, and its length is relatively fixed. It can be matched with DCI 1_0 to the same size through padding. DCI 0_1, on the other hand, supports all NR features, and some fields can be flexibly configured (the content is configured according to the supported features), therefore, its length varies widely. DCI 0_1 is only received in the UE-specific Search Space and is scheduling information for a specific UE. When the UE knows the feature configuration, it can know the DCI load size, thus enabling blind detection.

[0216] Therefore, the first scheme is designed as follows. In one embodiment, base station 200 schedules UL transmission resources for R2D, CW, or D2R transmission to the first node (UE 10), and the scheduling information includes any one of the following:

[0217] Please refer to Table 8. If AIoT is deployed in-band NR, DCI 0_0 / 0_1 / 0_2, etc., can be reused, and at least one of the following can be added to the existing domain, or a new domain can be added, such as a new carrier indicator. The first node (UE 10) determines that the reused domain and corresponding resources are used for AIoT transmission through any of the following methods:

[0218] Conditional distinction: If the resources configured for base station 200 are not used for NR transmission, then the resources can be used for AIoT transmission;

[0219] Reserved states for AIoT transmission, for example, functions not specified in NR for use by AIoT;

[0220] The gNB indicates the domain used for AIoT resource scheduling.

[0221] Table 8

[0222] If AIoT is deployed in the NR guard band, DCI 0_0 can be reused, and the relevant content is shown in Table 5. Alternatively, information indicating that AIoT is transmitted in the NR guard band can be added to DCI 0_1 / 0_2 / 0_3, including frequency domain resource configuration, time domain resource configuration, transmit power indication, modulation and coding, frequency modulation pattern, etc. for R2D / CW / D2R.

[0223] If AIoT is deployed independently of NR, DCI 0_0 can be reused, as shown in Table 5; or, information indicating that AIoT is transmitted in the NR standalone band can be added to DCI 0_1 / 0_2 / 0_3.

[0224] In another embodiment, base station 200 schedules DL transmission resources for R2D, CW, or D2R transmission to the first node (UE 10), and the scheduling information includes any one of the following:

[0225] If AIoT is deployed within the NR band, DCI 1_0 can be reused. Different scrambling methods of DCI 1_0 correspond to different DL signals. The method of reusing DCI 1_0 proposed in this embodiment is applicable to all scrambling methods given by NR, including: DCI 1_0 with CRC interleaving via C-RNTI, DCI 1_0 with CRC interleaving via RA-RNTI (Msg 2), DCI 1_0 with CRC interleaving via TC-RNTI (Msg 4), DCI 1_0 with CRC interleaving via SI-RNTI (SIB 1 and other SIBs), and DCI 1_0 with CRC interleaving via P-RNTI (Paging Message).

[0226] Table 9

[0227] If AIoT is deployed in the NR Guard band, DCI 1_0 can be reused, as shown in Table 9. Alternatively, information indicating that AIoT is transmitting in the NR Guard band can be added to DCI 1_1 / 1_2 / 1_3, including frequency domain resource configuration, time domain resource configuration, transmit power indication, modulation and coding, frequency modulation mode, etc. for R2D / CW / D2R.

[0228] If AIoT is deployed independently of NR, DCI 1_0 can be reused, as shown in Table 9. Alternatively, information indicating that AIoT transmission is in the NR standalone band can be added to DCI 1_1 / 1_2 / 1_3.

[0229] One possible implementation involves multiplexing using other NR DCI formats, such as DCI 3_0 and 3_1, which are scheduling information for NR / LTE SL within a cell. For example, DCI 3_0 is control signaling for scheduling NR PSCCH and NR PSSCH within a cell, and is control signaling that undergoes CRC interleaving processing via SL-RNTI or SL-CS-RNTI. It includes resource pool indexes (length log2(I), where I represents the total number of resource pools configured by higher layers), time gaps, frequency domain indication information, time domain indication information, etc. Similarly, if DCI 3_0 or 3_1 is indication information for the first node through a new domain indication, then at least in the current indication, the information is for AIoT transmission, specifically including at least one of the following: time domain resource configuration, frequency domain resource configuration, transmission power of R2D / CW / D2R, coding and modulation information, carrier waveform indication information (single-frequency or dual-frequency), frequency hopping flag (CW or D2R), etc.

[0230] One possible implementation is that the reused DCI is a group-common DCI (e.g., DCI 2_0) used to schedule UE 10 within the coverage area of ​​a group of base stations 200. This group of UE 10 is configured with the same resources suitable for the AIoT system (see Table 9), and the UE 10 can share scheduling resources for transmitting R2D / CW / D2R signals.

[0231] In another embodiment, the present invention proposes a detailed design of a second scheme. The second scheme is a novel DCI format.

[0232] One possible implementation is that AIoT transmission is in an in-band / guard band / standalone deployment scenario of NR resources, defining a new DCI format, such as DCI X_0 / X_1... for example, X=5. Furthermore, there may be DCI X for device 1; DCI Y for device 2a; and DCI Z for device 2b. X, Y, and Z can be under the same DCI format but with different domains, or they can be different DCI formats. The new DCI suitable for scheduling the first node (UE10) to transmit R2D / CW / D2R signals can be CRC interleaved using AIoT-RNTI, which is an RNTI suitable for scheduling the first node (UE10) for AIoT transmission. The specific domains and lengths of the new DCI are shown in Table 10.

[0233] Table 10

[0234] One possible implementation is that AIoT transmission is configured at higher layers and activated / deactivated via Uu air interface L1 signaling. For example, if time-domain resources for AIoT transmission are configured via RRC or MAC CE, new L1 control signaling for activating / deactivating these resources needs to be defined, such as DCI 5_0. The specific domain and length can be found in Table 10.

[0235] One possible implementation is that the newly defined DCI is a group-common DCI, used to schedule a group of UEs 10 within the control range of a group of base stations 200. The group of UEs 10 is configured with the same resources suitable for the AIoT system (see Table 10), and the UEs 10 can share scheduling resources for transmitting R2D / CW / D2R signals.

[0236] This embodiment focuses on the random access mechanism of R2D and solves two problems: (1) the backoff mechanism of R2D random access for unavailable channels; (2) for R2D write operations, the write efficiency is improved by combining TDMA and FDMA. Since ZIF-ED and IF-ED only exist in device 2a or device 2b, the proposed solution is mainly aimed at device 2a and device 2b.

[0237] Furthermore, even if the RF filter of the AIoT device does not support FDMA, IF / ZIF can still achieve FDMA for devices 2a and 2b. Even though IF / ZIF lowers the priority, the R2D FDMA mechanism still effectively speeds up inventory management and improves resource utilization. This is because previous R2D FDMA implementations did not consider the state of AIoT devices, harmonic interference, and intermodulation interference, thus requiring a solution.

[0238] Furthermore, for AIoT devices with NVM (Non-Memory Storage) functionality, if batch write operations are required and the content written to different AIoT devices is different, the combination of FDMA and TDMA mechanisms will improve write efficiency.

[0239] One possible implementation is the backoff mechanism of the R2D random access mechanism for unavailable channels.

[0240] Background of the backoff mechanism: Two-tone signal CW will generate intermodulation interference, interfering with sub-channels and rendering the selected R2D access channel unusable. Furthermore, harmonic interference (especially the third harmonic) generated by the second node due to baseband ON-OFF modulation will also interfere with sub-channels, failing to meet the RAN 4RF Emission specification. This interference leaks to other R2D channels, further rendering the selected R2D access channel unusable. Note that the content and usage of the first signal mentioned in this embodiment apply to the first and third signals in Figure 4; that is, the first signal mentioned in this embodiment can be an R2D signal emitted by the first node.

[0241] The first node determines the first available channel based on a first signal. The first signal includes:

[0242] Two-tone intervals, center frequency, time-frequency resources, etc., and the location of intermodulation interference can be calculated based on the center frequency;

[0243] AIoT system bandwidth, including AIoT R2D transmission bandwidth and occupied bandwidth;

[0244] BLF or frequency repetition factor can be used to calculate the position of the third harmonic.

[0245] The first signal is used to determine the AIoT R2D transmission bandwidth and the unavailable channels in the occupied bandwidth, thereby obtaining the first available channel.

[0246] The first node transmits a first signal according to a first available channel. The first signal includes at least one of the following: an AIoT paging signal; an ACK or NACK signal with a temporary device ID, wherein the temporary device ID includes an 8-bit / 16-bit random number; a signal carrying special information, such as a write signal, a clear memory signal, a deactivation signal, etc., which may also be included in the AIoT paging signal.

[0247] The first signal is transmitted via TDMA and / or FDMA. If transmitted via FDMA, the first node transmits the first signal according to the first available channel.

[0248] Optionally, the first node sends a first signal based on the AIoT R2D transmission bandwidth and the occupied bandwidth. However, if the second node fails to correctly receive the R2D signal on the corresponding channel due to intermodulation interference or harmonic interference, the second node will remain silent. When the second node fails to receive the R2D signal and remains in the third or second state for a duration of T1, or when the second node fails to correctly receive the R2D signal and switches from the first state to the third or second state for a duration of T2, the second node will then attempt to continue receiving the R2D signal on the corresponding channel after a duration of T1 or T2. The T1 and T2 times are determined based on the unavailable channel time.

[0249] In another embodiment of the invention, the first node needs to update the memory of the second node. The first node sends a first signal according to one of the following rules, the first signal being a signal for updating the memory of the second node.

[0250] For the second node in the third state (Sleep), the first signal transmitted by the first node may include a wake-up / activation signal and the data content to be written and updated, so it can be implemented by Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA).

[0251] For a second node in the first state (ON), the first signal includes the data content to be written and updated, which can be implemented using FDMA.

[0252] For second nodes within the control coverage area of ​​base station 200 that have different states (sleep or ON) and different capabilities, a first signal can be sent via Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Faster DMA (FDMA). For example, within time T1, a first signal is sent to a second node in a third state. This first signal includes a wake-up / activation signal and updated data content to be written. The wake-up / activation signal is used to wake up the second node and demodulate the updated data content. Other second nodes in the same third state will access the network via FDMA. Within time T2, a first signal is sent to a second node in a first state. This first signal contains updated data content to be written. Other second nodes in the same first state will access the network via FDMA. In this embodiment, the first signal can be replaced by a third signal.

[0253] According to an example embodiment, a chip is provided, the chip including: a processor for calling and running a computer program from a memory, causing a device on which the chip is installed to perform the method according to any one of the above embodiments, examples, or example embodiments.

[0254] According to an exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing a computer program that causes a computer to perform a method according to any one of the above embodiments, examples, or exemplary embodiments.

[0255] According to an example embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program / instructions that, when executed by a processor (e.g., by the processor or an apparatus, device, computer, or machine including the processor), implement the method according to any one of the above embodiments, examples, or example embodiments.

[0256] Embodiments of the present invention are combinations of technologies / processes that can be employed in 3GPP specifications to create a final product.

[0257] Compared to existing technologies, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for Internet of Things (IoT) communication and a wireless communication device. The method is executed in a first node and includes: generating a first signal based on first signal parameters and sending the first signal to a second node, wherein the first signal carries first information, and the first signal is a time-domain signal generated by first waveform parameters, the first signal parameters including at least one of OOK sequence type, first scrambling sequence type, and first scrambling sequence length; receiving a second signal transmitted by the second node, wherein the first information indicates at least one of the transmission timing, frequency offset, and frequency resources of the second signal; determining a third signal based on the second signal and generating the third signal based on third signal parameters, wherein the third signal is a time-domain signal generated by the third signal parameters, the third signal parameters including at least one of the OOK sequence type, second scrambling sequence type, and second scrambling sequence length.

[0258] This invention, through the design of the R2D baseband sequence, can solve the problems of energy concentration and frequency-selective fading-induced signal distortion in DFT-s-OFDM waveforms, as well as the signal distortion and time / frequency offset problems introduced by truncation operations, thereby improving the reliability of R2D signal detection. This invention, through the design of the R2D air interface time-domain sequence, can meet the wake-up and synchronization requirements of AIoT devices, improving the synchronization performance of AIoT systems. This invention, through the definition and design of the R2D time-domain waveform, meets the detection requirements of envelope detection in different AIoT devices, flexibly addressing the problem of poor detection performance caused by high PAPR, and improving the reliability of R2D signal detection.

[0259] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention design R2D L1 control signaling based on the capabilities and states of different AIoT devices, flexibly scheduling R2D and D2R transmission resources to effectively improve control efficiency. Embodiments of the present invention, based on the different transmission behaviors of the UE reader (transmitting R2D, CW, and receiving D2R), and combined with the NR L1 control signaling design concept, design Uu air interface control signaling suitable for AIoT systems, balancing the resource configuration of the UE reader during NR and AIoT transmissions, flexibly controlling the UE's behavior and resource configuration, and improving spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency. Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention also provide an R2D multiple access scheme to improve the control efficiency of AIoT devices.

[0260] Although the invention has been described in conjunction with what are considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is intended to cover various arrangements made without departing from the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for Internet of Things (IoT) communication, the method being executed in a first node, the method comprising: The first signal is generated based on the first signal parameters and sent to the second node. The first signal carries first information. The first signal is a time-domain signal generated by the first waveform parameters. The first signal parameters include at least one of the following: OOK sequence type, first scrambling sequence type, and first scrambling sequence length. Receive the second signal transmitted by the second node, wherein the first information indicates at least one of the following: the timing of transmission of the second signal, the magnitude of the frequency offset, and the frequency resources; A third signal is determined based on the second signal, and the third signal is generated according to the third signal parameters. The third signal is a time-domain signal generated by the third signal parameters, which include at least one of the OOK sequence type, the second scrambling sequence type, and the second scrambling sequence length.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first node is a base station or a user equipment (UE).

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the types of the first scrambling sequence and the second scrambling sequence include: At least one or more of the following: constant amplitude zero autocorrelation CAZAC sequence, M sequence, Gold sequence, Zandoff-Chu ZC sequence, LTE machine-selected sequence, NR machine-selected sequence, BPSK sequence, and pi / 2-BPSK sequence.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first signal or the third signal is an R2D signal, an R2D preamble, a low-power wake-up signal LP-WUS, or a low-power synchronization signal LP-SS.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first signal or the third signal is an on / off key control OOK time-domain signal.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of generating the third signal based on the third signal parameter comprises: The OOK sequence is modulated into a first modulation sequence according to a first modulation rule, wherein the OOK sequence includes N symbols, and the first modulation rule includes using multiple phases and multiple amplitudes, wherein each symbol corresponds to one of the multiple phases and one of the multiple amplitudes.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first modulation rule includes QAM modulation, BPSK modulation, and higher-order modulation.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of generating the third signal based on the third signal parameter comprises: The OOK sequence is scrambled using the first scrambling sequence according to the first scrambling rule, wherein the OOK sequence comprises N symbols.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first scrambling rule comprises at least one of the following: When the symbol of the OOK sequence is the first bit value, scrambling is performed using the first scrambling sequence, and no scrambling is performed when the symbol of the OOK sequence is the second bit value. or When a series of consecutive symbols in the OOK symbol sequence have the first bit value, the remaining series of consecutive symbols (excluding the Kth symbol of the series of consecutive symbols) and the symbols in the OOK symbol sequence that have the second bit value are scrambled using the first scrambling sequence, where K is greater than or equal to 3. or When a series of consecutive symbols in the OOK symbol sequence have the second bit value, no scrambling is performed on the remaining series of consecutive symbols except for the Kth symbol of the series of consecutive symbols, as well as on the symbols in the OOK symbol sequence that have the first bit value, where K is greater than or equal to 3.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of generating the third signal based on the third signal parameter comprises: The type and length of the second scrambling sequence are determined based on the indication information from the base station; The OOK sequence is scrambled according to the second scrambling sequence type and the second scrambling sequence length, wherein the OOK sequence comprises N symbols.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of generating the third signal based on the third signal parameter comprises: The type and length of the second scrambling sequence are determined based on the information reported by the second node; The OOK sequence is scrambled according to the second scrambling sequence type and the second scrambling sequence length.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the reported information includes at least one of the following: the type of the second node, the amplifier parameters of the second node, the energy storage capacitor value of the second node, the sampling rate range of the second node, and the power status of the second node.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of generating the third signal based on the third signal parameter comprises: Based on the XOR or XNOR relationship between the current symbol and the previous symbol in the OOK symbol sequence, the scrambling sequence type and sequence length for the next symbol are determined, wherein the OOK symbol sequence includes N symbols; and The OOK symbol sequence is scrambled according to the scrambling sequence type and the sequence length.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of determining the scrambling sequence and sequence length to be used for the next symbol based on the XOR and XNOR relationships between the current symbol and the previous symbol of the OOK sequence comprises at least one of the following: If the XOR relationship between the current symbol and the previous symbol is 0, the scrambling sequence used for the next symbol is determined, or the sequence length remains unchanged. If the XOR relationship between the current symbol and the previous symbol is 1, change the scrambling sequence or sequence length used for the next symbol; If the XOR relationship between the current symbol and the previous symbol is 0, the scrambling sequence used for the next symbol is determined to be either 0 or the sequence length remains unchanged. If the XOR relationship between the current symbol and the previous symbol is 1, change the scrambling sequence or sequence length used for the next symbol.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the second signal includes channel quality information (CQI), the channel quality information being used to determine the frequency range of the second signal, the frequency range of the second signal being a range of non-frequency-selective fading, the method further comprising: Based on the channel quality information, a frequency resource request is sent to the base station; The third signal is transmitted according to the frequency resources allocated by the base station, wherein the frequency resources are within the radio frequency bandwidth of the second node, or the frequency resources are within the intermediate frequency or zero intermediate frequency filtering bandwidth of the second node.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the second signal includes channel quality information (CQI), the channel quality information being used to determine the frequency range of the second signal, the channel quality information being determined based on the signal quality of the first signal measured by the second node, or based on channel state information (CSI) of the R2D link obtained by coherent measurement by the second node.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the first information includes a sequence, time-frequency resources, and transmit power for instructing the second node to transmit a second signal, the method further comprising: If the second signal is not received correctly or is not received within the time interval, the transmission frequency of the first signal is modulated and the first signal is retransmitted. The time interval is predefined or dynamically indicated by the base station.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of generating the third signal based on the third signal parameter comprises: The OOK sequence is scrambled using a first scrambling sequence to generate a first sequence, wherein the OOK sequence comprises N symbols; The first sequence is scrambled using a second scrambling sequence to generate a second sequence.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first scrambling sequence comprises at least one of the following: a constant amplitude zero autocorrelation CAZAC sequence, a ZC sequence, an M sequence, a Gold sequence, a BPSK sequence, an NR machine-selected sequence, and an LTE machine-selected sequence; and the second scrambling sequence is an all-1 sequence.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the first scrambling sequence is an all-1 sequence; the second scrambling sequence includes at least one of the following: constant amplitude zero autocorrelation CAZAC sequence, ZC sequence, M sequence, Gold sequence, BPSK sequence, NR machine-selected sequence, LTE machine-selected sequence.

21. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of generating the third signal based on the third signal parameter comprises: The OOK sequence is scrambled using a third scrambling sequence to generate a first sequence, wherein the OOK sequence comprises N symbols, each symbol comprising M bits; where N and M are integers greater than 0; and Redundant symbols are added to the first sequence to generate a second sequence.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first scrambling sequence is an all-1 sequence, and the length of the second scrambling sequence is determined based on at least one of the type, state, and signal function of the second node.

23. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the third signal parameter comprises: The third signal parameter is determined according to a first rule, wherein the first rule includes at least one of the following: The second signal was not properly demodulated or was not received. The second node reported that the first signal was not correctly received and demodulated. The base station receives an instruction to switch the third signal parameter, wherein the instruction is determined by the base station based on the signal quality of the first signal measured by the second node.

24. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the third signal parameter comprises: According to the first rule, the OOK symbols of the OOK sequence are scrambled at different times using sequences corresponding to each time to determine the third signal parameters, or the OOK symbols at different times are scrambled using the same sequence type, different lengths of the second scrambling sequence, or different cyclic shift values ​​of the second scrambling sequence according to the first rule. The first rule includes at least one of the following: The second signal was not properly demodulated or was not received. The second node reported that the first signal was not received and demodulated correctly.

25. The method according to claim 1, wherein: When the second node is in the first state, the first signal or the third signal includes an R2D preamble, which includes an R2D start indication part and a clock acquisition part. When the second node is in the third state, the first signal or the third signal includes an R2D preamble, which includes an R2D start indication portion.

26. The method according to claim 1, wherein: When the second node is in the first state, the first signal or the third signal includes an R2D preamble, the R2D preamble includes an R2D start indicator portion, and the R2D start indicator portion is composed of a first sequence; When the second node is in the third state, the first signal or the third signal includes an R2D preamble, the R2D preamble includes an R2D start indication portion, and the R2D start indication portion is composed of a second sequence.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the first sequence is transmitted in a sequence-based manner, the first sequence comprising at least one of the following: a ZC sequence, an M sequence, and a randomly selected sequence.

28. The method of claim 26, wherein the first sequence is sent in a switch mode, and wherein the second sequence is a sequence of multiple consecutive 1s and multiple consecutive 0s.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the first sequence is a sequence of X consecutive "1"s and Y consecutive "0"s, and the second sequence is a sequence of Z consecutive "1"s and W consecutive "0"s, wherein X equals Y and Z is greater than W; or, the sum of X and Y is less than the sum of Z and W; or the sum of X and Y equals the sum of Z and W, and X and Z have different values.

30. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the parameters of the third signal based on the second signal comprises: Based on the signal quality of the second signal and the state of the second node, the waveform parameters of the third signal are determined, wherein the waveform parameters include a first detection parameter, a second detection parameter, a third detection parameter, a count value, a first energy value, and a second energy value, so that the second node determines the bit value of the third signal according to the detection rules, wherein the third signal parameters include at least one of the second sequence and the OOK signal sequence, or the multiplexing mode of the third signal.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the detection rule includes: If the cumulative energy of the third signal is greater than the first energy value within a time unit, then the bit value of the third signal is 1, wherein the first energy value is greater than or equal to the second energy value; If the cumulative energy of the third signal is less than the second energy value within the time unit, then the bit value of the third signal is 0.

32. The method of claim 30, wherein the detection rule comprises: If, within a given time unit, the number of times the energy of the third signal is greater than the first detection parameter is greater than the count value, and the cumulative energy of the third signal is greater than the first energy value, then the bit value of the third signal is 1. If the amplitude of the third signal is less than the third detection parameter within the specified time unit, then the bit value of the third signal is 0.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the detection rule includes: If, within a given time unit, the energy of the third signal waveform is greater than the envelope detection threshold and the number of times the energy of the third signal waveform is greater than or equal to the count value is greater than or equal to the count value, then the bit value of the third signal is 1. If, within the time unit, the energy of the third signal waveform is less than or equal to the envelope detection threshold, and the number of times the energy of the third signal waveform is less than or equal to the envelope detection threshold is greater than or equal to the count value, then the bit value of the third signal is 0.

34. The method of claim 30, wherein the first detection parameter, the second detection parameter, the third detection parameter, the first energy value, and the second energy value are sent to the second node via L1 control signaling or higher-layer signaling of R2D.

35. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the parameters of the third signal based on the second signal comprises: Based on the signal quality of the second signal and the state of the second node, the parameters of the third signal are determined, wherein the parameters include the second sequence and the sequence of the OOK signal, the OOK signal sequence, the multiplexing method of the third signal, the first detection parameter, the second detection parameter, the third detection parameter, the first duration and at least one of the second duration, the third duration or the fourth duration, so that the second node determines the bit value of the third signal according to the detection rules.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the detection rule includes: If, within a time unit, the third signal rises from the third detection parameter to the second detection parameter within the first time duration, then the bit value of the third signal is 1. When the third signal decreases from the second detection parameter to the third detection parameter within the second duration within the time unit, the bit value of the third signal is 0.

37. The method of claim 35, wherein the detection rule comprises: If, within the time unit, the third signal rises from the third detection parameter to the second detection parameter within the first duration, and the third signal is not detected to be lower than the second detection parameter within the third duration, or if the third signal rises from the third detection parameter to the second detection parameter within the first duration and the number of times the third signal is lower than the second detection parameter within the third duration is less than the default value, then the bit value of the third signal is 1. If, within the time unit, the third signal decreases from the second detection parameter to the third detection parameter within the second duration, and no third signal is detected to be higher than the third detection parameter within the fourth duration, or if the third signal decreases from the second detection parameter to the third detection parameter within the second duration, and the number of times the third signal is higher than the third detection parameter within the fourth duration is less than the default value, then the bit value of the third signal is 0.

38. The method of claim 35, wherein the first detection parameter, the second detection parameter, the third detection parameter Y, the first duration, and at least one of the second duration, the third duration, or the fourth duration are sent to the second node via L1 control signaling or higher-layer signaling of R2D.

39. The method of claim 1, wherein the first signal includes L1 control information and data, the method further comprising: Add a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code to the L1 control information and the data; Line encoding is performed on the L1 control signaling and the data with the added cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code; The L1 control information and the data after line encoding are subjected to on / off keying OOK modulation.

40. The method according to claim 39, wherein the length of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code is determined based on the total length of the L1 control information and the data, or based on the length of the L1 control information, or based on the length of the data.

41. The method according to claim 39, wherein the length of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code of the L1 control signaling is determined based on the length of the L1 control information or is a predefined length, and the length of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code of the data is determined based on the length of the data or is a predefined length.

42. The method according to claim 39, wherein the steps of adding the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code to the L1 control signaling and adding the CRC code to the data for line encoding include: The L1 control information is encoded using a first encoding method, wherein the first encoding method includes at least one of the following: Manchester encoding and PIE encoding; The data is encoded using a second encoding method, which includes at least one of the following: Manchester encoding and PIE encoding. The Manchester encoding includes at least one of the following: codeword repetition and codeword multiplication with a square wave.

43. The method of claim 42, wherein the first encoding scheme is predefined or indicated by an R2D preamble; and the second encoding scheme is indicated by the L1 control information or by the R2D preamble.

44. The method of claim 39, wherein the step of performing on / off keying OOK modulation on the line-coded L1 control signaling and the data comprises: The L1 control information is modulated using a first modulation scheme, wherein the first modulation scheme includes at least one of the following: OOK-1 modulation, OOK-4 modulation, and M = M1; The data is modulated using a second modulation scheme, wherein the second modulation scheme includes at least one of the following: OOK-1 modulation, OOK-4 modulation and M = M2, where M represents the number of OOK symbols contained in each OFDM symbol.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein the first modulation scheme is predefined or indicated by an R2D preamble; and the second modulation scheme is indicated by the L1 control information or by the R2D preamble.

46. ​​The method of claim 39, wherein the L1 control information comprises at least one of a first part or a second part, the first part being used to determine the length of the L1 control information or the type or format of the L1 control information, and the second part being used to carry at least one of the following: R2D scheduling information, D2R intermediate code, D2R postcode, D2R scheduling information, second node identifier, and group identifier of the second node.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the first portion or the second portion of the L1 control information indicates the number of D2R intermediate preambles and the presence or absence of a D2R preamble.

48. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of sending the third signal to the second node comprises: The third signal is transmitted to the second node using the first available channel.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein the first available channel is determined based on the R2D transmission bandwidth and occupied bandwidth of the second node.

50. The method of claim 48, wherein the step of sending the third signal to the second node comprises: When the third signal is sent to the second node in the third state within the first time T1, the third signal includes a wake-up / activation signal and content to be written and updated. The wake-up / activation signal is used to wake up the second node to demodulate the content to be written and updated. The second node in the third state accesses via Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA). When the third signal is sent to the second node in the first state within the second time T2, the third signal is the content to be written and updated, and the second node in the first state accesses via FDMA.

51. The method of claim 50, wherein the first time corresponds to the duration during which the second node does not receive the third signal and remains in the third state or the second state, and the second time corresponds to the duration during which the second node does not correctly receive the third signal and switches from the first state to the third state or the second state.

52. The method of claim 1, further comprising: The system receives scheduling information sent by the base station. The scheduling information is used to schedule uplink UL transmission resources or downlink DL transmission resources, so that the uplink transmission resources or the downlink transmission resources are used to transmit the first signal or the third signal, or to receive the second signal.

53. The method according to claim 52, wherein the scheduling information is transmitted via downlink control information (DCI).

54. The method according to claim 53, wherein the first node determines, through a judgment rule, that the domain of the downlink control information (DCI) and the corresponding resources are for transmission by the second node, and the judgment rule includes: Determine whether the base station's configuration resources are used for transmission with the first node. If the configuration resources are not used for transmission with the first node, the configuration resources are used for transmission with the second node. Determine whether the reserved state of the domain is used for transmission at the second node; Determine whether the domain used by the base station to indicate the second node is a domain used to indicate resource scheduling for the second node.

55. The method according to claim 53, wherein the downlink control information is group-shared and used to schedule multiple second nodes within the control range of the base station, such that the multiple second nodes are configured to share scheduling resources for transmitting R2D signals, carriers, and D2R signals.

56. The method of claim 54, wherein the scheduling information is set via the following fields of the downlink control information (DCI): Frequency domain resources are used to indicate UL frequency domain transmission resources determined based on TBS, MCS, frequency offset, R2D / D2R, carrier characteristics, single sideband, double sideband, and sampling frequency offset. Time-domain resources are used to indicate the UL time-domain transmission resources of AIoT configured according to the capabilities of TBS, MCS, SFO, and the second node; Modulation and coding schemes are used to indicate whether DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM waveforms are used to transmit R2D signals; Uplink / Supplemental Uplink UL / SUL configuration, used to indicate whether an AIoT UL resource is an SUL resource; Frequency hopping flag is used to indicate whether a single-frequency carrier hops and the hopping method, or to indicate the hopping method of D2R; The TPC used for AIoT uplink transmission is used to indicate the transmit power of R2D OOK-1 / OOK-4, the transmit power of CW, the transmit power of D2R, and the corresponding power level switching indication. Carrier indicator, used to indicate the number of frequencies at which the first node transmits carrier CW.

57. The method of claim 54, wherein the scheduling information is set via at least one of the following fields of the downlink control information (DCI): R2D uplink UL / downlink DL transmission indicator, used to indicate uplink or downlink transmission of R2D signals; CW uplink UL / downlink DL transmission indicator, used to indicate uplink or downlink transmission of a carrier; D2R uplink UL / downlink DL transmission indicator, used to indicate uplink or downlink transmission of D2R signal; Frequency domain resource settings for R2D / CW / D2R are used to indicate the transmission resources for AIoT; Used for CW frequency domain resources, indicating the carrier's transmission location and the number of RBs occupied, as well as indicating frequency domain resources; The frequency interval for dual-frequency carriers is used to indicate the frequency interval between the two frequencies when the first node transmits dual-frequency carriers. Frequency domain resources used for D2R, used to indicate the radio bearer RB or frequency domain offset relative to the CW frequency; The time-domain resource settings for R2D / CW / D2R are used to indicate the transmission time-domain resources for CW, R2D, and D2R. The time interval between R2D and CW is used to indicate the time interval between the first node sending the R2D signal and the CW signal; The time interval between R2D and D2R is used to indicate the time interval between the first node sending the R2D signal and the D2R signal; A sideband indicator for D2R, used to indicate that the first node needs to receive D2R double-sideband signals. Modulation and coding schemes are used to indicate whether DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM waveforms are used to transmit R2D signals, and to indicate whether double-sideband modulation or single-sideband modulation, and to indicate coding. Uplink UL / Supplemental Uplink SUL configuration is used to indicate whether a UL resource is an SUL resource; Frequency hopping flag is used to indicate whether a single-frequency carrier hops and the hopping method, or to indicate the hopping method of D2R; The TPC used for AIoT uplink transmission is used to indicate the transmit power of R2D OOK-1 / OOK-4, the transmit power of CW, the transmit power of D2R, and the corresponding power level switching indication. R2D sequence patterns are used to indicate the scrambling type and length of the baseband sequence.

58. A wireless communication device, comprising: A processor and a memory for storing a computer program, the processor for calling and running the computer program stored in the memory to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 57.

59. A method for Internet of Things (IoT) communication, the method being executed in a second node, the method comprising: Receive a first signal sent by a first node. The first signal is generated based on first signal parameters. The first signal carries first information. The first signal is a time-domain signal generated by first waveform parameters. The first signal parameters include at least one of OOK sequence type, first scrambling sequence type, and first scrambling sequence length. Based on the first information, a second signal is sent to the first node, wherein the first information indicates at least one of the following: the timing of transmission of the second signal, the magnitude of the frequency offset, and the frequency resources. The third signal is received from the first node. The third signal is generated based on the third signal parameters. The third signal is a time-domain signal generated by the third signal parameters. The third signal parameters include at least one of the OOK sequence type, the second scrambling sequence type, and the second scrambling sequence length.

60. The method of claim 59, wherein the second node is an AIoT device or a wake-up signal receiver.

61. The method of claim 59, wherein the types of the first scrambling sequence and the second scrambling sequence include: At least one or more of the following: constant amplitude zero autocorrelation CAZAC sequence, M sequence, Gold sequence, Zandoff-Chu ZC sequence, LTE machine-selected sequence, NR machine-selected sequence, BPSK sequence, and pi / 2-BPSK sequence.

62. The method of claim 59, wherein the first signal or the third signal is an R2D signal, an R2D preamble, a low-power wake-up signal LP-WUS, or a low-power synchronization signal LP-SS.

63. The method according to claim 59, wherein the first signal or the third signal is an on / off key control OOK time-domain signal.

64. The method of claim 59, wherein the second signal includes reporting information of the second node, the reporting information including at least one of the following: the type of the second node, the amplifier parameters of the second node, the energy storage capacitor value of the second node, the sampling rate range of the second node, and the power status of the second node.

65. The method of claim 59, wherein the second signal includes channel quality information (CQI), the channel quality information being used to determine the frequency range of the second signal, the frequency range of the second signal being the range of non-frequency selective fading.

66. The method of claim 59, wherein the second signal includes channel quality information (CQI), the channel quality information being used to determine the frequency range of the second signal, the channel quality information being determined based on the signal quality of the first signal measured by the second node, or based on channel state information (CSI) of the R2D link obtained by coherent measurement by the second node.

67. The method according to claim 59, wherein: When the second node is in the first state, the first signal or the third signal includes an R2D preamble, which includes an R2D start indication part and a clock acquisition part. When the second node is in the third state, the first signal or the third signal includes an R2D preamble, which includes an R2D start indication portion.

68. The method according to claim 59, wherein: When the second node is in the first state, the first signal or the third signal includes an R2D preamble, the R2D preamble includes an R2D start indicator portion, and the R2D start indicator portion is composed of a first sequence; When the second node is in the third state, the first signal or the third signal includes an R2D preamble, the R2D preamble includes an R2D start indication portion, and the R2D start indication portion is composed of a second sequence.

69. The method of claim 59, wherein the step of receiving the third signal transmitted by the first node comprises: The bit value of the third signal is detected, and the detection rules include: If the cumulative energy of the third signal is greater than the first energy value within a time unit, then the bit value of the third signal is 1, wherein the first energy value is greater than or equal to the second energy value; If the cumulative energy of the third signal is less than the second energy value within the time unit, then the bit value of the third signal is 0.

70. The method of claim 59, wherein the step of receiving the third signal transmitted by the first node comprises: The bit value of the third signal is detected, and the detection rules include: If, within a given time unit, the number of times the energy of the third signal is greater than the first detection parameter is greater than the count value, and the cumulative energy of the third signal is greater than the first energy value, then the bit value of the third signal is 1. If the amplitude of the third signal is less than the third detection parameter within the specified time unit, then the bit value of the third signal is 0.

71. The method of claim 70, wherein the detection rule comprises: If, within a given time unit, the energy of the third signal waveform is greater than the envelope detection threshold and the number of times the energy of the third signal waveform is greater than or equal to the count value is greater than or equal to the count value, then the bit value of the third signal is 1. If, within the time unit, the energy of the third signal waveform is less than or equal to the envelope detection threshold, and the number of times the energy of the third signal waveform is less than or equal to the envelope detection threshold is greater than or equal to the count value, then the bit value of the third signal is 0.

72. The method of claim 71, wherein the detection rule includes: If, within a time unit, the third signal rises from the third detection parameter to the second detection parameter within the first time duration, then the bit value of the third signal is 1. When the third signal decreases from the second detection parameter to the third detection parameter within the second duration within the time unit, the bit value of the third signal is 0.

73. The method of claim 71, wherein the detection rule includes: If, within the time unit, the third signal rises from the third detection parameter to the second detection parameter within the first duration, and the third signal is not detected to be lower than the second detection parameter within the third duration, or if the third signal rises from the third detection parameter to the second detection parameter within the first duration and the number of times the third signal is lower than the second detection parameter within the third duration is less than the default value, then the bit value of the third signal is 1. If, within the time unit, the third signal decreases from the second detection parameter to the third detection parameter within the second duration, and no third signal is detected to be higher than the third detection parameter within the fourth duration, or if the third signal decreases from the second detection parameter to the third detection parameter within the second duration, and the number of times the third signal is higher than the third detection parameter within the fourth duration is less than the default value, then the bit value of the third signal is 0.

74. A wireless communication device, comprising: A processor and a memory for storing a computer program, the processor for calling and running the computer program stored in the memory to perform the method as described in any one of claims 59 to 73.

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