Methods and apparatuses for signal transmission in ambient internet of things, and device and storage medium

Abstract

Provided in the present application are methods and apparatuses for signal transmission in the ambient Internet of Things, and a device and a storage medium. A method for signal transmission in the ambient Internet of Things comprises: determining first ambient Internet of Things downlink control information, wherein the first ambient Internet of Things downlink control information is related to a TBS for uplink transmission or is related to an uplink or downlink transmission resource; and sending to a second communication node first downlink control signaling comprising the first ambient Internet of Things downlink control information.

Description

Signal transmission methods, devices, equipment and storage media in passive Internet of Things Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, specifically to a signal transmission method, apparatus, device, and storage medium in a passive Internet of Things. Background Technology

[0002] In passive Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication, the reader-to-device (R2D) link uses on-off keying (OOK) modulation waveforms based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to transmit downlink signals, while the device-to-reader (D2R) link uses a single carrier (including single-tone or multiple-tones) to transmit uplink signals.

[0003] For R2D links, an OFDM symbol duration (excluding the cyclic prefix, CP) includes M OOK symbols (1 ≤ M ≤ 32). The total transmission time is determined based on transmission parameters such as the Transport Block Size (TBS) and code rate, or preamble and postamble. For D2R links, each modulation symbol corresponds to a chip length, and the reader determines the total transmission time based on parameters such as TBS, coding rate, modulation scheme, and preamble.

[0004] Determining the various parameters for R2D or D2R transmission in passive IoT is key to achieving accurate information transmission in passive IoT. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, embodiments of this application aim to provide a signal transmission method, apparatus, device, and storage medium in a passive Internet of Things.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things (IoT) system, applied to a first communication node, comprising:

[0007] Determine the first passive IoT downlink control information, which is related to the uplink transmission TBS or uplink or downlink transmission resources;

[0008] Send a first downlink control signaling message, including the first passive IoT downlink control information, to the second communication node.

[0009] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things (IoT) applied to a second communication node, comprising:

[0010] Receive a first downlink control signaling message sent by a first communication node, which includes first passive IoT downlink control information;

[0011] The TBS used for uplink transmission is determined based on the first passive IoT downlink control information, or the resources used for uplink or downlink transmission are determined.

[0012] Uplink transmission is performed based on TBS, or uplink or downlink transmission is performed based on the resources available for uplink or downlink transmission.

[0013] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things (IoT) applied to a first communication node, comprising:

[0014] Determine the length of each chip within the OFDM symbol for downlink transmission so that the chip lengths of each continuous level are approximately equal after the OFDM symbol is CP-added.

[0015] Send downlink transmission information.

[0016] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a signal transmission device in a passive Internet of Things (IoT), comprising:

[0017] The determination module is configured to determine the first passive IoT downlink control information, which is related to the uplink transmission TBS or uplink or downlink transmission resources.

[0018] The sending module is configured to send a first downlink control signaling, including first passive IoT downlink control information, to the second communication node.

[0019] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a signal transmission device for a passive Internet of Things (IoT), comprising:

[0020] The determination module is configured to determine the first passive IoT downlink control information, which is related to the uplink transmission TBS or uplink or downlink transmission resources.

[0021] The sending module is configured to send a first downlink control signaling, including first passive IoT downlink control information, to the second communication node.

[0022] Sixthly, embodiments of this application provide a signal transmission device in a passive Internet of Things, comprising:

[0023] The determination module is configured to determine the length of each chip within the OFDM symbol for downlink transmission, so that after adding CP to the OFDM symbol, the chip lengths of each continuous level are approximately equal;

[0024] The sending module is configured to send downlink transmission information.

[0025] Seventhly, embodiments of this application provide a signal transmission device in a passive Internet of Things, comprising:

[0026] The memory is configured to store a program.

[0027] The processor is configured to execute a program, which, when executed, performs a signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things (IoT) as implemented in any of the first aspects, or a signal transmission method in a passive IoT as implemented in any of the second aspects, or a signal transmission method in a passive IoT as implemented in any of the third aspects.

[0028] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a non-volatile storage medium, the storage medium including a stored program, which executes a signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things according to any implementation of the first aspect, or executes a signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things according to any implementation of the second aspect, or executes a signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things according to any implementation of the third aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of the time-domain signal of the OOK waveform based on OFDM;

[0030] Figure 1B is a schematic diagram of a time-domain signal based on a single-tone waveform;

[0031] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the time-domain signal of R2D transmission;

[0032] Figure 3A is a schematic diagram of the network topology structure in which the base station and the equipment are directly connected.

[0033] Figure 3B is a schematic diagram of the network topology structure in which the base station is connected to the equipment through intermediate nodes;

[0034] Figure 3C is a schematic diagram of the network topology connecting the base station and the equipment via auxiliary nodes for downlink connection.

[0035] Figure 3D is a schematic diagram of the network topology structure for downlink connection between base stations and equipment without auxiliary nodes.

[0036] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the signal generation process in passive Internet of Things;

[0037] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things (IoT) according to an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating another signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the first example of uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0040] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a second example of uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0041] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a third example of uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the fourth example of uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0043] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the fifth example of uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0044] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the sixth example of uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0045] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the seventh example of uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the eighth example of uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0047] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the ninth example of uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0048] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the tenth example of uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0049] Figure 17 is a flowchart illustrating another signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 18 is a flowchart illustrating another signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission device in a passive Internet of Things provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of another passive Internet of Things (IoT) signal transmission device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0053] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another passive Internet of Things (IoT) signal transmission device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal transmission device in a passive Internet of Things provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To make the purpose, technical solution and beneficial effects of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0056] Figures 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams of the time-domain signals of a passive IoT communication link. Figure 1A shows the time-domain signal of an OOK waveform based on OFDM, and Figure 1B shows the time-domain signal of a single-tone waveform. As shown in Figure 1, for the downlink (R2D) link, one OFDM symbol duration (excluding CP) includes M OOK symbols (1≤M≤32). The total transmission time is determined based on transmission parameters such as the transport block size (TBS) and code rate, or preamble and postamble. For the uplink (D2R) link, each modulation symbol corresponds to one chip length. The reader determines the total transmission time based on parameters such as TBS, coding code rate, modulation scheme, and preamble.

[0057] The time-domain signals of passive IoT have the following problems:

[0058] Problem 1: It is known that the TBS value is crucial for successfully receiving an R2D and D2R transmission. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem of determining the TBS for R2D and D2R transmissions.

[0059] Question 2: D2R transmission mode includes various candidate coding and modulation schemes. For example, available coding methods include Forward Error Correction (FEC) and / or line code coding; available modulation methods include Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Minimum Shift Keying (MSK), and / or square wave modulation / subcarrier modulation; and it can be transmitted once or multiple times. Available multiple access schemes include Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), and / or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). Square wave modulation / subcarrier modulation includes one or more frequency shift parameters. These parameters can correspond to various resource configuration combinations, and defining candidate resource configuration combinations suitable for A-IoT communication is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0060] Question 3, for D2R transmission, what is the relationship between chip length and transmission bandwidth (BW)? tx,D2R The relationship between them is: Chip length = 2 / BW tx,D2R D2R transmission bandwidth (BW) tx,D2R The size of the uplink bandwidth determines the uplink transmission efficiency, transmission reliability, and uplink resource utilization. Therefore, how to design candidate bandwidths (BW) for D2R transmission is crucial. tx，D2R The value is a problem that needs to be addressed.

[0061] Question 4: For R2D transmission, when the M value is large, or the CP length is close to or exceeds the length of an OOK symbol, the CP of an OFDM symbol may introduce additional level transitions or level transitions within the CP, causing the device to detect incorrect level transitions. As shown in Figure 2, when M = 24 and the length of an OFDM symbol is L, the length of an OOK symbol is L / 24 ≈ L * 4%, and the CP length is approximately L * 7%, meaning the CP length is approximately twice the length of an OOK symbol. Ensuring that the performance of R2D transmission is not affected by the CP is a problem that urgently needs to be solved. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the time-domain signal of R2D transmission, where the CP length in an OFDM symbol exceeds that of an OOK symbol.

[0062] In passive IoT communication technology, a fixed frame structure is typically used to send and receive information. A frame structure signal includes a frame header, data, and a frame trailer. The frame header and frame trailer are bit sequences or high / low level signals with a fixed format. The frame header is used to determine the start of the signal, and the frame trailer is used to determine the end of the signal, thereby determining the information transmission duration and the number of data symbols for that frame structure signal. The topology of 5G-supported passive IoT is shown in Figures 3A-3D. Figure 3A is a schematic diagram of a network topology where the base station and the device are directly connected; Figure 3B is a schematic diagram of a network topology where the base station and the device are connected through an intermediate node; Figure 3C is a schematic diagram of a network topology where the downlink between the base station and the device is connected through an auxiliary node; and Figure 3D is a schematic diagram of a network topology where the downlink between the base station and the device is connected without an auxiliary node. The base station in the figures is equivalent to a reader in passive IoT.

[0063] In mobile communication networks, base stations configure the number of OFDM symbols and the number of frequency domain resource blocks required for downlink transmission to user equipment based on downlink service scheduling. Taking a 15kHz subcarrier spacing (SCS) as an example, its corresponding order of magnitude μ = 0, the duration of one downlink time slot is 2^μ = 1ms, one time slot includes 14 OFDM symbols, and the duration of each OFDM symbol is 66.67µs. OFDM symbol parameters under other SCS configurations are shown in Table 1.

[0064] Table 1

[0065] For NR systems, T c =1 / (Δf) max ·N f ), k = T s / T c T s =1 / (Δf) ref ·N f，ref ), where Δf max =480kH, N f =4096, Δf ref =15kHz, Nf ,ref =2048. According to T c and T s From the formula, the time for each sampling point can be obtained as T = 1 / T = 1 / (Δf*N) f ), then T*Δf*N f’ =1ms. Taking a subcarrier spacing (SCS) Δf = 15kHz as an example, the number of sampling points corresponding to 1ms is 2048*15. Therefore, 1 slot corresponds to 14 OFDM symbols and 14 CPs with a total of 2048 sampling points, and each CP is divisible by 16.

[0066] In this embodiment, a first communication node is used as the transmitting node, and a second communication node is used as the receiving node. The transmitting node can be a base station / auxiliary node / intermediate node / reader, and the receiving node is a passive IoT device / tag. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the signal generation process in passive IoT, where the encoding method includes linear code and / or forward error correction code (FEC). The modulation method includes OOK and / or BPSK and / or Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) and / or square wave modulation and / or subcarrier modulation, etc. For R2D links, the linear code includes at least one of Manchester code, Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE), and Non-Return-to-Zero code, and the FEC code includes predefined polar code codewords, convolutional codes, etc. For D2R links, linear codes include at least one of Manchester codes, PIE codes, non-return-to-zero codes, Miller codes, and bi-phase space coding (FM0), while FEC codes include tail-biting convolutional codes.

[0067] For R2D links, the signal generation process using OFDM-based OOK waveforms includes the following steps:

[0068] 1. The Transport Block Size (TBS) is supplemented with Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) to obtain TBS+L. CRC Long bit sequence 1;

[0069] 2. Encode bit sequence 1 to obtain E-length encoded bit sequence 2, where...

[0070] 3. Divide the encoded bit sequence 2 into blocks of M bits each, resulting in X M-length bit sequences 3, where...

[0071] 4. Extend / copy each bit in the M-length bit sequence 3 to a length of L, to obtain the N′-length bit sequence 4, where The L corresponding to each of the M bits may be different;

[0072] 5. Perform a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) operation on the N′-long bit sequence 4 to obtain the N′-long frequency domain sequence 5;

[0073] 6. Perform spectrum shifting or cyclic shifting on the N' long frequency domain sequence 5 with N′ / 2-1, N′ / 2, or N′ / 2+1 as the intermediate point to obtain the N′ long frequency domain sequence 6;

[0074] 7. Take the middle N of the N′ long frequency domain sequence 6 RE Long sequences, mapped to frequency domain resources, i.e., N RE Each subcarrier position is padded with zeros on both sides (NN) RE () / 2 zeros), to obtain N long frequency domain signal 7;

[0075] 8. Perform an N-point Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) operation on the N-length frequency domain signal 7 to obtain an N-length time domain signal;

[0076] 9. Perform power control on the N-length signal based on the power offset;

[0077] 10. Circularly shift the N_cp length of the head or tail of the N-length time-domain signal and place it at the beginning of the N-length time-domain signal to obtain N. cp +N long time-domain signals;

[0078] 11. Take X N's cp +N long time-domain signals are cascaded to obtain the final continuous time-domain signal.

[0079] For D2R links, the signal generation process based on single-tone waveforms includes the following steps:

[0080] 1. Add CRC to the Transport Block Size (TBS) to obtain TBS+L. CRC Long bit sequence 1;

[0081] 2. Encode bit sequence 1 to obtain E-length encoded bit sequence 2, where...

[0082] 3. Extend / copy the encoded bit sequence 2 bit by bit into a bit sequence 3 of length N, where Where f s Here, f is the sampling frequency, and f is the transmission bandwidth of the single-tone signal;

[0083] 4. Perform power control on the N-length signal based on the power offset;

[0084] 5. Concatenate E signals of length N to obtain the final continuous signal in the time domain. Here, func(·) represents the operation of rounding up, rounding down, rounding to the nearest integer, or retaining the original value of the "·", or determining a specific value based on the value of the "·" and the length of CP.

[0085] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things (IoT) according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 5, the signal transmission method in a passive IoT provided in this embodiment includes:

[0086] Step S510: Determine the first passive IoT downlink control information. The first passive IoT downlink control information is related to the uplink transmission block size (TBS) or the uplink or downlink transmission resources.

[0087] The signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things (IoT) provided in this embodiment is applied to a first communication node in the passive IoT. The first communication node is a transmitting node in the passive IoT and can be at least one of a base station, auxiliary node, intermediate node, reader, or cloud computing device. The first communication node instructs the receiving node on relevant information for uplink or downlink transmission via downlink control signaling. The first communication node first determines the first passive IoT downlink control information, which is related to the TBS for uplink transmission or to uplink or downlink transmission resources. In this embodiment, unless otherwise specified, the first communication node is a reader and the second communication node is a device, as an example for explanation.

[0088] In one embodiment, the first passive IoT downlink control information includes at least one of the following:

[0089] First TBS value;

[0090] The indicator TBS index used to determine the first TBS value;

[0091] An intermediate value used to determine the first TBS value;

[0092] An indicator scaling factor used to determine the first TBS value;

[0093] The index of the modulation and coding scheme used to determine the first TBS value;

[0094] The indicator TBS index offset used to determine the first TBS value;

[0095] Indicator candidate TBS index used to determine the first TBS value;

[0096] The first TBS value includes at least one of the following: the maximum TBS value or number of information bits used for uplink transmission, the TBS value or number of information bits used for downlink transmission, the TBS value or number of information bits used for uplink transmission, the maximum TBS value or number of information bits used for uplink transmission, the TBS value or number of information bits used for downlink transmission, and the maximum TBS value or number of information bits used for downlink transmission.

[0097] The first TBS value is taken as the maximum TBS value used for uplink transmission as an example for explanation.

[0098] The first passive IoT downlink control information includes a first TBS value as the maximum TBS value. The device selects a TBS available for uplink transmission within a range not exceeding the maximum TBS value, based on the maximum TBS value indicated by downlink control signaling or Media Access Control (MAC) signaling sent by the reader.

[0099] The first passive IoT downlink control information includes a first TBS value, which is an indicator TBS index used to determine the first TBS value. If the candidate TBS set contains N element values, the TBS index indicator field includes func(log2(N)) bits. The device determines the TBS value as the maximum TBS for uplink transmission based on the TBS index and the candidate TBS set; wherein the interval between adjacent TBS element values ​​in the candidate TBS set is not less than 1 and not greater than 32, or, the TBS element values ​​in the candidate TBS set are associated with an α value, and the interval between adjacent TBS element values ​​in the candidate TBS set corresponding to the α value is not less than the α value. Here, the α value represents the number of square waves contained within the transmission duration Tb corresponding to 1 bit of information, or represents the ratio between the current uplink transmission bandwidth and the minimum candidate uplink transmission bandwidth. The device determines that the element values ​​in the candidate TBS set that are not greater than the maximum TBS for uplink transmission are the TBS values ​​that can be used for uplink transmission.

[0100] The first passive IoT downlink control information includes an intermediate value for determining a first TBS value. The device determines the maximum TBS for uplink transmission based on the intermediate value and an α value; wherein, the device determines a unique TBS value as the maximum TBS for uplink transmission based on a predefined table, the intermediate value, and the α value, or the maximum TBS is equal to the product of the intermediate value and the α value. Reference TBS values ​​include integers not less than 0 and not greater than 16. The device determines that elements in the candidate TBS set that are not greater than the maximum TBS for uplink transmission are TBS values ​​that can be used for uplink transmission.

[0101] The first passive IoT downlink control information includes an indication scaling factor for determining the first TBS value.

[0102] The device determines the maximum TBS for uplink transmission based on the product of a scaling factor and the maximum value in the candidate TBS value set; wherein the scaling factor is a decimal between 0 and 1, including at least one value among 1, 1 / 2, 1 / 4, 1 / 6, 1 / 8, 1 / 16, 1 / 24, 1 / 32, 1 / 64, or 1 / 128. The device determines the TBS values ​​that are not greater than the maximum TBS for uplink transmission in the candidate TBS set as usable TBS values ​​for uplink transmission.

[0103] If the candidate scaling factor set contains N element values, then the scaling factor indication field includes func(log₂(N)) bits. The device determines the scaling factor values ​​in the candidate scaling factor set that are not greater than the indicated scaling factor as selectable scaling factor values ​​based on the indicated scaling factor and the candidate scaling factor set. The candidate scaling factor set includes decimals between 0 and 1.

[0104] The device uses the product of the optional scaling factor value and the maximum TBS value, and / or the result of a rounding operation, as the TBS value that can be used for uplink transmission. The product of the optional scaling factor value and the maximum TBS value, and / or the result of a rounding operation, refers to determining the product value to an integer using a method that rounds up, down, to the nearest integer, or retains the original value.

[0105] The device selects the element value that is closest to and not less than or greater than the candidate TBS value set as the TBS value that can be used for uplink transmission, based on the product of the optional scaling factor value and the maximum TBS value and / or the value after rounding.

[0106] The device determines the TBS value available for uplink transmission based on the product of the scaling factor and the maximum TBS value, where the TBS value available for uplink transmission also includes the maximum TBS value.

[0107] The first passive IoT downlink control information includes an indication modulation and coding scheme index for determining the first TBS value. Based on the modulation and coding scheme index, the device determines the uplink modulation method and / or coding method and / or coding rate and / or the maximum uplink TBS value.

[0108] The first passive IoT downlink control information includes an indication TBS index offset for determining a first TBS value. The device determines a TBS index value range based on the difference between the TBS index offset and the minimum or maximum index in the candidate TBS set. The device determines a TBS value that can be used for uplink transmission based on the TBS index value range.

[0109] The first passive IoT downlink control information includes an indicator candidate TBS index for determining the first TBS value. If the candidate TBS set contains N element values, the candidate TBS index indicator field includes N bits, and these N bits, from the first to the Nth bit, correspond one-to-one with the first to Nth TBS indices in the candidate TBS value set, and vice versa. The device determines whether the corresponding TBS index is a candidate TBS index based on whether each bit position in the candidate TBS index indicator field is 0 or 1. The device uses the maximum element value in the candidate TBS value set corresponding to the candidate TBS index as the maximum TBS value for uplink transmission. The device determines the TBS value that can be used for uplink transmission based on the candidate TBS index and the candidate TBS value set.

[0110] Step S520: Send a first downlink control signaling message, including the first passive IoT downlink control information, to the second communication node.

[0111] A first communication node sends first passive IoT downlink control information to a second communication node via first downlink control signaling. The second communication node is a receiving node in the passive IoT and can be at least one of the following: IoT device / tag / adhesive communication device / communication device for tagging. The second communication node determines information related to the TBS for uplink transmission based on the received first passive IoT downlink control information, and then determines the TBS used for uplink transmission to achieve uplink transmission. Alternatively, the second communication node determines information related to uplink or downlink transmission resources based on the received first passive IoT downlink control information, and then determines the relevant uplink or downlink resources to achieve uplink or downlink transmission.

[0112] In some embodiments, the device determines the TBS value for uplink transmission based on the received first passive IoT downlink control information.

[0113] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating another passive Internet of Things (IoT) signal transmission method provided in this application embodiment. As shown in Figure 6, the passive IoT signal transmission method provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0114] Step S610: Determine the first passive IoT downlink control information. The first passive IoT downlink control information is related to the uplink transmission block size (TBS) or the uplink or downlink transmission resources.

[0115] Step S620: Send a first downlink control signaling message, including the first passive IoT downlink control information, to the second communication node.

[0116] Step S630: Receive uplink transmission information sent by the second communication node.

[0117] Step S640: Determine the TBS value for uplink transmission of the second communication node based on the uplink transmission information.

[0118] After the first communication node sends a first downlink control signaling message including the first passive IoT downlink control information to the second communication node, the first communication node can receive the uplink transmission information sent by the second communication node; then, based on the uplink transmission information, it determines the TBS value for the second communication node to perform uplink transmission.

[0119] The first communication node performs blind detection on the uplink transmission based on the TBS value available for uplink transmission to determine the final TBS value for uplink transmission. Alternatively, the first communication node determines the final TBS value for uplink transmission based on information reported by the second communication node. The uplink transmission information includes at least one of the following:

[0120] TBS index value;

[0121] TBS index offset;

[0122] TBS value offset;

[0123] TBS scaling factor;

[0124] The number of first uplink transmission bits to be transmitted;

[0125] High Layer Buffer Status Report (HBSR);

[0126] Uplink transmission information type;

[0127] The uplink transmission information is determined based on the first TBS information in the first passive IoT downlink control information.

[0128] The uplink transmission information includes a TBS index value. The TBS index value is a value ranging from 1 to the total number of TBS values ​​available for uplink transmission. Based on the TBS index and the determined available TBS values, the reader determines the final TBS value for uplink transmission. The TBS index value is not greater than the TBS index value corresponding to the indicated maximum TBS. The reader determines the final TBS value for uplink transmission based on the TBS index and the set of candidate TBS values.

[0129] The uplink transmission information includes the TBS index offset. The reader uses the difference or sum of the downlink indicated TBS index and the TBS index offset reported by the device as the final TBS index, and determines the final TBS value for uplink transmission based on the final TBS index.

[0130] The uplink transmission information includes the TBS value offset. The reader uses the difference or sum of the maximum TBS value of the downlink transmission and the TBS value offset reported by the device as the final TBS value for uplink transmission.

[0131] The uplink transmission information includes a TBS scaling factor. The reader uses the product and / or rounded value of the maximum downlink TBS and the TBS scaling factor reported by the device as the final TBS value for uplink transmission. The device selects a scaling factor within the range of scaling factors available for uplink transmission and reports it to the reader. The reader determines the final TBS value for uplink transmission based on the scaling factor reported by the device and the maximum uplink TBS value.

[0132] The uplink transmission information includes the first number of uplink transmission bits to be transmitted. This first number of uplink transmission bits is at least one of the following: the (higher layer) number of uplink bits to be transmitted, the number of reserved uplink transmission bits, the number of remaining uplink bits to be transmitted after the most recent uplink transmission, the maximum number of bits used for the most recent uplink transmission, the number of remaining uplink bits after the current uplink transmission, the maximum number of bits available for transmission in the current uplink transmission, the maximum number of bits available for transmission after the current uplink transmission, the number of bits used for the next uplink transmission, or the maximum number of transmission bits used for continuation transmission. Based on the first number of uplink transmission bits reported by the device, the reader determines the amount of data the device needs to transmit uplink or the maximum TBS value used for the current or subsequent uplink transmissions.

[0133] The uplink transmission information includes HBSR information. HBSR represents the total number of buffer information bits, or the number of buffer information bits remaining after transmission. The Buffer Status Report (BSR) below is the same as HBSR. Buffer Status Report information includes at least one of the following: BSR format, BSR type, buffer size, and buffer status mode. Based on the BSR reported by the device, the reader determines the device's buffer size, i.e., the amount of data the device will transmit uplink or the maximum TBS value used for uplink transmission.

[0134] The BSR information reported by the device is the first BSR information, which is associated with a first BSR format. The first BSR information includes at least one of the following: the number of bits to be transmitted from higher layers, the range of the number of bits to be transmitted from higher layers, the index corresponding to the range of the number of bits to be transmitted from higher layers, the number of bits to be transmitted by the device, the range of the number of bits to be transmitted by the device, the index corresponding to the range of the number of bits to be transmitted by the device, the maximum number of bits to be transmitted by the device for retransmission, and the index corresponding to the range of the number of bits to be transmitted by the device for retransmission. The first BSR format is used to determine the bit-to-transmit quantity level table corresponding to the BSR information. The bit-to-transmit quantity level table provides the range / level of the number of bits to be transmitted by the device under the first BSR format.

[0135] The BSR format reported by the device is a new type of BSR format specifically designed for uplink transmission in A-IoT networks. The reader determines the buffer size level table based on the BSR type and / or BSR format. The buffer size level table includes N buffer size intervals, where N is not less than 2 and not greater than 256. Within the buffer size level table, the difference between the maximum values ​​within the corresponding intervals of adjacent buffer size levels is not less than 1 bit and not greater than 512 bits.

[0136] The buffer size is a buffer size level index, where the buffer size indication field includes func(log2(N)) bits. The reader determines the buffer size or maximum TBS value that the device uses for uplink transmission based on the buffer size level table and index.

[0137] The buffer state mode includes uplink transmission type and / or uplink transmission count and / or uplink transmission buffer size level. Uplink transmission type includes at least one of the following: uplink transmission type with equal TBS, periodic uplink transmission type, maximum TBS priority uplink transmission type, and aperiodic uplink transmission type. Uplink transmission type with equal TBS or periodic uplink transmission type means that the device performs at least one uplink transmission with the same TBS for each transmission, or the device performs at least two uplink transmissions with a difference of no more than 1. Uplink transmission type with maximum TBS priority or aperiodic uplink transmission type means that the device performs at least one uplink transmission and prioritizes transmitting information equal to the maximum TBS value used for uplink transmission, until the device's buffer size is less than the maximum TBS value used for uplink transmission. Uplink transmission count is an integer not less than 1, whereby the device determines the uplink transmission count based on the buffer size and uplink transmission type and / or BSR type or BSR format.

[0138] The reader determines the number of uplink transmissions and / or the maximum TBS for each uplink transmission and / or the buffer size before and / or after each uplink transmission based on the BSR information reported by the device.

[0139] The uplink transmission information includes the uplink transmission information type.

[0140] The reader determines the TBS value based on the type of uplink transmission information reported by the device. For example, when the uplink transmission information is Msg1, the uplink transmission TBS is a fixed value. Similarly, when the uplink transmission information is ACK / NACK, the uplink transmission TBS is a fixed value.

[0141] The reader determines the TBS transmission mode based on the type of uplink transmission information reported by the device. The TBS transmission mode is determined by the device based on the maximum uplink transmission TBS value and / or the BSR (buffer status report) table.

[0142] The reader determines the TBS value range based on the uplink transmission information type reported by the device. For example, when the uplink transmission information is Msg3, the uplink transmission TBS is within a certain range, and the TBS value of subsequent uplink transmissions can be determined by the BSR indication.

[0143] In some embodiments, if the TBS value of the first uplink transmission is less than the buffer size of the second communication node, the received first uplink transmission includes HBSR information. For the first uplink transmission, the device reports information other than BSR information. If the TBS of the first uplink transmission is less than the device's buffer size, or if the device's buffer size is not less than a threshold value, then for subsequent uplink transmissions, the device reports BSR information, or the first uplink transmission includes BSR-related reporting information. The threshold value is not less than 1 and not greater than 1024.

[0144] In some embodiments, the reader determines the TBS value for uplink transmission based on the received BSR information.

[0145] The uplink transmission information includes the uplink transmission information type.

[0146] The uplink transmission information type includes a first information type or a second information type; the first information type includes at least one of the following: uplink transmission types other than Msg3, uplink transmission information types with fixed information length, or uplink transmission information types whose corresponding TBS does not include the Media Access Control (MAC) subheader; the second information type includes at least one of the following: Msg3, uplink transmission information types with variable information length, or uplink transmission information types whose corresponding TBS includes the MAC subheader.

[0147] In some embodiments, for the first information type, the TBS for uplink transmission determined based on the device's reported information includes the information length of the Media Access Control Control Element (MAC CE), or excludes the MAC header and / or MAC subheader. For the second information type, the TBS for uplink transmission determined based on the device's reported information includes at least one of the MAC CE information length and / or the MAC header and / or MAC subheader. The first information type includes uplink transmission information types other than Msg3 or includes uplink transmission information types with a fixed information length. The second information type includes Msg3 and / or uplink transmission information types with a variable information length.

[0148] Optionally, after step S640, step S650 may be included, in which a second downlink control signaling for determining the final TBS value is sent to the second communication node.

[0149] The device reports information related to uplink transmission. Based on this information, the reader determines the device's buffer size or the maximum TBS for uplink transmission and sends downlink control information. The device then determines the final TBS value for uplink transmission based on the downlink control information sent by the reader.

[0150] Below is an example of a centralized TBS table used for uplink / downlink transmission.

[0151] Example 1: TBS table for uplink / downlink transmission (table not shown). The difference between adjacent TBS elements in the table is equal to 1. The number of TBS elements in the table is no less than 1 and no greater than 4000.

[0152] Example 2, TBS table 2 used for uplink / downlink transmission. The difference between adjacent TBS elements in the table is no less than 1 and no greater than 24. The number of TBS elements in the table is no less than 1 and no greater than 2400.

[0153] Table 2

[0154] Example 3, TBS table 3 used for uplink / downlink transmission. The difference between adjacent TBS elements in the table is no less than 1 and no greater than 128. The number of TBS elements in the table is no less than 4 and no greater than 1000.

[0155] Table 3

[0156] Example 4: TBS table for uplink / downlink transmission (table not shown). The difference between adjacent TBS elements in the table is no less than 1 and no greater than 128. The table includes specific TBS elements, including at least one of the following: 4, 6, 8, 9, 16, 18, 22, 24, 32, 40, 44, 48, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 96, 112, 400. The number of TBS elements in the table is no less than 4 and no greater than 1000. When the number of TBS elements in the table is no less than 56, for elements greater than 56, the difference between adjacent TBS elements is no less than 1 and no greater than 128.

[0157] Example 5, TBS table for uplink / downlink transmission (table not shown). Consider candidate TBS elements (with or without CRC bits). CRC ) and the number of information bits in actual transmission (N) info The costs between these two values ​​must meet certain conditions. These conditions include that the cost is no greater than a first value, where the first value is no greater than 40%.

[0158] The cost can be expressed as |TBS-N info| / TBS or|TBS-N info | / N info or |TBS+L CRC -N into | / TBS or|TBS+L CRC -N info | / N info When a TBS value falls within a certain interval, the interval between adjacent TBS values ​​is a specific value. For example, when TBS <= 20, the interval between adjacent TBS values ​​is no less than 2 and no greater than 6. For example, when TBS <= 96, the interval between adjacent TBS values ​​is no less than 2 and no greater than 24. For example, when TBS <= 400, the interval between adjacent TBS values ​​is no less than 2 and no greater than 128. For example, when TBS <= 800, the interval between adjacent TBS values ​​is no less than 2 and no greater than 176. For example, when TBS <= 1000, the interval between adjacent TBS values ​​is no less than 2 and no greater than 256. When a certain condition includes TBS falling within a certain interval, the corresponding candidate TBS value is a multiple of 8.

[0159] When candidate TBS elements (with or without CRC bits L) CRC ) and the number of information bits in actual transmission (N) info When the overhead between ) is no more than 40%, the TBS elements in the table include:

[0160] Table 4

[0161] When candidate TBS elements (with or without CRC bits L) CRC ) and the number of information bits in actual transmission (N) info When the cost between ) is no greater than 40%, and / or the TBS value is a multiple of 8, the TBS elements in the table include

[0162] Table 5

[0163] When candidate TBS elements (with or without CRC bits L) CRC ) and the number of information bits in actual transmission (N) info When the overhead between ) is no more than 30%, the TBS elements in the table include:

[0164] Table 6

[0165] When candidate TBS elements (with or without CRC bits L) CRC ) and the number of information bits in actual transmission (N) info When the cost between ) is no greater than 30%, and / or the TBS value is a multiple of 8, the TBS elements in the table include:

[0166] Table 7

[0167] When candidate TBS elements (with or without CRC bits L) CRC ) and the number of information bits in actual transmission (N) info When the overhead between ) is no more than 25%, and / or the TBS value is a multiple of 8, the TBS elements in the table include those shown in Table 8 or Table 9.

[0168] Table 8

[0169] Table 9

[0170] In some embodiments, the TBS table for uplink / downlink transmission includes at least one of the TBS elements from Examples 1 to 5 of the TBS table described above.

[0171] In one embodiment, after step S620, the process may further include receiving Msg1 sent by the second communication node, wherein Msg1 includes scheduling information of Msg3, and Msg3 includes BSR information or Msg3 transmits maximum TBS.

[0172] The reader receives Msg1 sent by the device, where Msg1 includes scheduling information for Msg3, such as the TBS value corresponding to Msg3. Msg3 may include BSR information or a large TBS that can be transmitted. A large TBS refers to a TBS value that is not less than the buffer size when the device transmits Msg3. This scheme ensures that the reader does not need to receive BSR information reported by the device after each uplink transmission.

[0173] In the above embodiments, the information carried by the first downlink control signaling includes at least one of the following:

[0174] Uplink transmission resource information, including encoding and modulation methods, bit rate, M value, transmission bandwidth, etc.

[0175] Downlink transmission resources include coding and modulation methods, code rate, frequency shift parameters, chip length, and transmission bandwidth.

[0176] Joint resource configuration information for uplink and downlink transmission, or common resource configuration information for uplink and downlink transmission, including minimum frequency domain resources, linear code encoding method and code rate, minimum scheduling time unit, etc.

[0177] Uplink or downlink transmission resource activation or deactivation information;

[0178] Time-domain resource information used for uplink or downlink transmission;

[0179] Frequency domain resource information used for uplink or downlink transmission includes uplink transmission bandwidth, downlink transmission bandwidth, number of tones used in uplink transmission and / or frequency domain spacing between two tones, uplink guard band size, and uplink spectrum type.

[0180] Time-domain and frequency-domain resource information used for uplink or downlink transmission;

[0181] The location or size of the guard band used for uplink transmission;

[0182] The bandwidth range used for uplink transmission;

[0183] Uplink or downlink transmission resources include uplink or downlink transmissions applied to intermediate user equipment and second communication nodes.

[0184] In one embodiment, the first downlink control signaling includes Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, MAC CE, or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

[0185] Downlink control signaling includes RRC signaling, which configures one or more transmission resource sets. The downlink control signaling includes DCI, which, from the one or more transmission resource sets configured by the RRC signaling, indicates a resource or resource set for uplink or downlink transmission. The transmission resource set includes at least one of the following: chip time length, transmission bandwidth, guard band size, whether FEC coding is supported, FEC coding method and code rate, whether linear code coding is supported, linear code coding method and code rate, whether square wave or subcarrier modulation is supported, square wave or subcarrier modulation coefficients, maximum time-domain resource length in a single transmission, maximum TBS value in a single transmission, number of tones used for backscatter transmission, and frequency interval between two tones used for backscatter transmission. The number of candidate transmission resource sets configurable by RRC is not less than 2 and not more than 8. The candidate transmission resource sets include large-bandwidth resource sets and small-bandwidth resource sets, with the transmission bandwidth in the large-bandwidth resource set being greater than the transmission bandwidth in the small-bandwidth resource set. The candidate transmission resource set includes a long chip resource set and a short chip resource set, with the chip duration in the long chip resource set being longer than that in the short chip resource set.

[0186] Alternatively, the downlink control signaling may include RRC signaling, whereby the RRC configures n transmission resource sets, wherein the uplink or downlink transmission resources between the reader and the device must not exceed the range of the n transmission resource sets configured by the RRC. And / or, the downlink control signaling may include MAC CE, whereby the MAC CE configures and indicates one of the n transmission resource sets, wherein the uplink or downlink transmission resources between the reader and the device must not exceed the range of resource parameters of the transmission resource set configured by the MAC CE. And / or, the downlink control signaling may include DCI, whereby the reader or base station determines the available transmission resource parameters indicated by the DCI based on the transmission resource sets configured by the MAC CE or RRC, wherein the available transmission resource parameters must not exceed the range of resource parameters in the transmission resource sets configured by the MAC CE or RRC.

[0187] For example, the RRC configures two sets of transport resources, one for uplink transport resource configuration and one for downlink transport resource configuration. When uplink transport needs to be activated, the DCI sends a command to activate the uplink transport resource configuration and determines the resource parameters indicating the uplink transport based on the uplink transport resources configured by the RRC.

[0188] In one embodiment, the first downlink control signaling includes information related to an intermediate synchronization code, which is related to a TBS value.

[0189] Downlink control signaling includes information related to the midamble. This midamble-related information is related to the TBS value. The midamble-related information includes at least one of the following:

[0190] Number of intermediate synchronization codes. The reader determines the TBS value or maximum TBS value of a single transmission based on the number of midambles in the uplink transmission sent by the device; and / or the device determines the TBS value of the uplink transmission based on the number of midambles indicated by the downlink control signaling.

[0191] Intermediate synchronization code length. The reader determines the TBS value or maximum TBS value of a single transmission based on the midamble length in the uplink transmission sent by the device; and / or the device determines the TBS value of the uplink transmission based on the midamble length indicated by the downlink control signaling.

[0192] Intermediate Synchronization Code Index. The reader or device uses the intermediate synchronization code index to determine the length, number, and TBS value of the intermediate synchronization codes (midamble) for uplink or downlink transmission.

[0193] In some embodiments, for Msg3 transmission, the maximum transmission TBS represents a TBS value that is not less than the buffer size when the second node transmits Msg3.

[0194] For the uplink transmission shown in the above embodiments, the uplink transmission includes P types of transmission modules, where P is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The uplink transmission mode includes at least one of the following: uplink coding method, uplink transmission code rate, uplink modulation method, uplink frequency shifting method, uplink repeated transmission, uplink transmission chip length, uplink multiple access method, uplink transmission TBS value, and uplink transmission information type.

[0195] Uplink transmission includes P transmission modes, where P is an integer greater than 1 and not greater than 32. Uplink transmission modes include at least one of the following: uplink coding method, uplink transmission code rate, uplink modulation method, uplink frequency shifting method, uplink repetitive transmission, uplink transmission chip length, uplink multiple access method, uplink transmission TBS value, and uplink transmission information type. Uplink coding methods include forward error correction codes and linear codes. Uplink modulation methods include at least one of OOK, BPSK, and FSK / MSK. Uplink frequency shifting methods include square wave or subcarrier modulation, and include one or more frequency shifting parameters. The frequency shifting parameter represents the number of square wave or subcarrier cycles included in one information bit transmission time. Uplink repetitive transmission includes the number of repetitions and the repetition method. Repetition methods include bit-level repetition, block-level repetition, and TB-level repetition. The uplink transmission chip length is related to the uplink transmission bandwidth and / or the uplink frequency shifting method, and is measured in microseconds. Uplink multiple access methods include TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA. The uplink transmission TBS value includes the element values ​​in the candidate TBS set. The uplink transmission information type includes fixed-length information types and variable-length information types, and / or includes at least one of the following: preamble / pilot, ACK / NACK feedback information, Msg1, Msg3, data, uplink commands, and device capabilities.

[0196] For uplink coding methods that only include linear code coding, such as Manchester coding, if uplink frequency shifting is achieved by multiplying or modulo-2 addition of the codewords or encoded information bits of the linear code with α square waves or subcarriers, then the uplink coding code rate is not less than 1 / 2. If uplink frequency shifting is achieved by repeating the codewords of the linear code, then the uplink coding code rate is the reciprocal of the frequency shift parameter, and the number of repetitions of the linear code within one information bit duration is equal to the frequency shift parameter. Uplink modulation methods include OOK and BPSK. If uplink frequency shifting is achieved by repeating the codewords of the linear code, then the uplink repetition method is not bit-level repetition, or the uplink repetition method includes block-level repetition and TB-level repetition. When the TBS value is not greater than the first threshold, the uplink multiple access methods include TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA. When the TBS value is greater than the first threshold, the uplink multiple access method includes TDMA. When the uplink information type is Msg1 or preamble / pilot, the uplink multiple access methods include TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA. When the uplink information type is a variable information length information type, uplink TDMA and FDMA are used.

[0197] For uplink coding schemes that only include forward error correction codes, such as Tail-Biting Convolutional Code (TBCC), the uplink coding rate includes a decimal not greater than 1 / 2 and not less than 1 / 12. Uplink frequency shifting is achieved by multiplying the encoded information bits by α square waves or subcarriers, or by modulo-2 addition. Uplink supports BPSK modulation. Uplink repetition methods include at least one of bit-level repetition, block-level repetition, and TB-level repetition. Uplink information types include variable-length information types. The uplink TBS value is greater than the second threshold. Uplink multiple access methods include TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA.

[0198] For uplink coding methods including forward error-correcting codes and linear codes, such as tail-biting convolutional codes (TBCC) and Manchester codes, the uplink coding rate includes a decimal not greater than 1 / 4 and not less than 1 / 24. Uplink supports BPSK modulation. Uplink repetition methods include at least one of bit-level repetition, block-level repetition, and TB-level repetition. Uplink information types include variable-length information types. The uplink TBS value is greater than the third threshold. Uplink multiple access methods include TDMA. The third threshold is not less than the second threshold. The second threshold is not less than the first threshold.

[0199] The control signaling indicates the uplink modulation and coding scheme, and the indication information includes at least one of the following: forward error correction (FEC) enabled; forward error correction (FEC) disabled; first FEC code rate; second FEC code rate; third FEC code rate; BPSK modulation; OOK modulation; linear code enabled; linear code disabled. Several specific examples are given below:

[0200] Example 1 uses a 2-bit indicator field to indicate the following information: forward error correction code enabled, forward error correction code first code rate and BPSK modulation; forward error correction code enabled, forward error correction code second code rate and BPSK modulation; forward error correction code disabled, linear code and BPSK modulation; forward error correction code disabled, linear code and OOK modulation.

[0201] Example 2 uses one or more bit fields, or a variable number of bit fields, to indicate information related to the forward error correction code and / or modulation and / or linear code. A 2-bit indicator field indicates forward error correction code related information: forward error correction code enabled, first code rate and BPSK modulation; forward error correction code enabled, second code rate and BPSK modulation; forward error correction code disabled, BPSK modulation; forward error correction code disabled, OOK modulation. And / or a 1-bit indicator field indicates linear code related information: linear code enabled; linear code disabled.

[0202] Example 3 uses one or more bit fields, or a variable number of bit fields, to indicate information related to the forward error correction code and / or modulation and / or linear code. A 2-bit indicator field indicates information related to the forward error correction code and linear code: forward error correction code enabled, first code rate of the forward error correction code, and linear code; forward error correction code enabled, second code rate of the forward error correction code, and linear code; forward error correction code enabled, second code rate of the forward error correction code; forward error correction code disabled, and linear code. And / or a 1-bit indicator field indicates modulation-related information. BPSK modulation; OOK modulation.

[0203] Example 4 uses one or more bit fields, or a variable number of bit fields, to indicate information related to the forward error correction code and / or modulation and / or linear code. Using 1 bit to indicate information related to the forward error correction code enables the forward error correction code and sets its first code rate; the linear code is disabled. And / or using 2 bits to indicate information related to the forward error correction code enables the forward error correction code and sets its first code rate; enables the forward error correction code and sets its second code rate; enables the forward error correction code and sets its third code rate; the forward error correction code is disabled. And / or using 1 bit to indicate modulation-related information, such as BPSK modulation or OOK modulation. And / or using 1 bit to indicate information related to the linear code, enabling the linear code; the linear code is disabled.

[0204] In some embodiments, the uplink transmission mode includes a first type of uplink transmission mode and a second type of uplink transmission mode. The first type of uplink transmission mode includes a first uplink transmission mode, and the second type of uplink transmission mode includes a second uplink transmission mode. The first uplink transmission mode corresponds to a first device power consumption level and a first device type, and the second uplink transmission mode corresponds to a second device power consumption level and a second device type, wherein the first device power consumption level is not lower than the second device power consumption level. The device capability of the first device type is lower than the device capability of the second device type. For example, the first device type is device 1 or device 2a, and the second device type is device 2b; or, the first device type supports forward error correction coding, while the second device type does not support forward error correction coding. For example, both the first and second device types are passive IoT devices, with the first device power consumption level being 8 and the second device power consumption level being 8 or 9. For example, both the first and second device types are passive IoT devices, with the first device power consumption level being 9 and the second device power consumption level being 9 or 10.

[0205] In one embodiment, when the uplink transmission is an uplink backscatter transmission, the uplink transmission bandwidth is a first uplink transmission bandwidth; when the uplink transmission is an uplink active transmission, the uplink transmission bandwidth is a second uplink transmission bandwidth; wherein, the second uplink transmission bandwidth includes the first uplink transmission bandwidth, or the second uplink transmission bandwidth and the first uplink transmission bandwidth are nested, or the second uplink transmission bandwidth is located at the upper sideband position or the lower sideband position of the first uplink transmission bandwidth, or the second uplink transmission bandwidth is located at the middle position of the first uplink transmission bandwidth, or the second uplink transmission bandwidth overlaps with a portion of the first uplink transmission bandwidth.

[0206] In some embodiments, the first uplink transmission mode corresponds to the first uplink transmission bandwidth, and the second uplink transmission mode corresponds to the second uplink transmission bandwidth, wherein the second uplink transmission bandwidth includes the first uplink transmission bandwidth, or the second uplink transmission bandwidth and the first uplink transmission bandwidth are nested.

[0207] In some embodiments, a first uplink transmission mode corresponds to a first uplink transmission bandwidth, and a second uplink transmission mode corresponds to a second uplink transmission bandwidth, wherein the second uplink transmission bandwidth is not greater than the first uplink transmission bandwidth. In some embodiments, the second uplink transmission bandwidth is located at the upper sideband or lower sideband position of the first uplink transmission bandwidth, or the second uplink transmission bandwidth is located at the middle position of the first uplink transmission bandwidth.

[0208] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a first example of uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method of the passive Internet of Things provided in this application embodiment; as shown in Figure 7, both the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode adopt double-sideband modulation. The second uplink transmission bandwidth is less than the first uplink transmission bandwidth, or the second uplink transmission spectrum is narrower than the first uplink transmission spectrum. The frequency domain positions of the first uplink transmission bandwidth and the second uplink transmission bandwidth overlap, and the second uplink transmission bandwidth is located in the middle of the first uplink transmission bandwidth.

[0209] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a second example of uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method of the passive Internet of Things provided in this application embodiment; as shown in Figure 8, both the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode adopt double-sideband modulation. The second uplink transmission bandwidth is less than the first uplink transmission bandwidth, or the second uplink transmission spectrum is narrower than the first uplink transmission spectrum. The frequency domain positions of the first uplink bandwidth and the second uplink bandwidth do not overlap.

[0210] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a third example of the uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method of the passive Internet of Things provided in this application embodiment; as shown in Figure 9, the first transmission mode adopts double-sideband modulation, and the second transmission mode adopts single-sideband modulation. The second uplink transmission bandwidth is located at the upper sideband position of the first uplink transmission bandwidth.

[0211] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a fourth example of the uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method of the passive Internet of Things provided in this application embodiment; as shown in Figure 10, the first transmission mode adopts double-sideband modulation, and the second transmission mode adopts single-sideband modulation. The second uplink transmission bandwidth is located at the lower sideband position of the first uplink transmission bandwidth.

[0212] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a fifth example of the uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method of the passive Internet of Things provided in this application embodiment; as shown in Figure 11, both the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode adopt single-sideband modulation. The second uplink transmission bandwidth is located in the middle of the first uplink transmission bandwidth.

[0213] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a sixth example of the uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method of the passive Internet of Things provided in this application embodiment; as shown in Figure 12, both the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode adopt single-sideband modulation. The first uplink transmission bandwidth and the second uplink transmission bandwidth are of the same sideband type, for example, both are upper sidebands or both are lower sidebands. The first uplink transmission bandwidth and the second uplink transmission bandwidth do not overlap.

[0214] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a seventh example of the uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method of the passive Internet of Things provided in this application embodiment; as shown in Figure 13, both the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode adopt single-sideband modulation. The first uplink transmission bandwidth and the second uplink transmission bandwidth are different sideband types, for example, the first uplink transmission bandwidth is the upper sideband and the second uplink transmission bandwidth is the lower sideband, or the first uplink bandwidth is the lower sideband and the second uplink bandwidth is the upper sideband. The first uplink transmission bandwidth and the second uplink transmission bandwidth do not overlap.

[0215] In some embodiments, the second uplink transmission bandwidth / spectrum partially overlaps with the first uplink transmission bandwidth / spectrum. Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of an eighth example of the uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things provided in this application embodiment; as shown in Figure 14, both the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode adopt double-sideband modulation. The second uplink transmission bandwidth partially overlaps with the first uplink bandwidth.

[0216] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the ninth example of the uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method of the passive Internet of Things provided in this application embodiment; as shown in Figure 15, both the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode adopt single-sideband modulation. The first uplink transmission bandwidth and the second uplink transmission bandwidth are of the same sideband type, for example, the first uplink transmission bandwidth and the second uplink transmission bandwidth are both upper sidebands, or the first uplink transmission bandwidth and the second uplink transmission bandwidth are both lower sidebands. The second uplink transmission bandwidth partially overlaps with the first uplink transmission bandwidth.

[0217] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the tenth example of the uplink transmission bandwidth in the signal transmission method of the passive Internet of Things provided in this application embodiment; as shown in Figure 16, both the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode adopt single-sideband modulation. The first uplink transmission bandwidth and the second uplink transmission bandwidth are different sideband types, for example, the first uplink transmission bandwidth is the upper sideband and the second uplink transmission bandwidth is the lower sideband, or the first uplink transmission bandwidth is the lower sideband and the second uplink transmission bandwidth is the upper sideband. The second uplink transmission bandwidth does not overlap with the first uplink transmission bandwidth.

[0218] For the uplink transmission in the above embodiments, the uplink transmission includes one or more uplink transmission bandwidth candidate sets, each uplink transmission bandwidth candidate set includes one or more uplink bandwidths, and the uplink transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one of the following:

[0219] The first transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one value from {15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, 1920, 3840} kHz;

[0220] The second transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one value from {15, 30, 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400} kHz;

[0221] The third transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one value from {15, 30, 45, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1440, 2880} kHz;

[0222] The combination of elements in the first transmission bandwidth candidate set, the second transmission bandwidth candidate set, and the third transmission bandwidth candidate set;

[0223] When the uplink transmission bandwidth is not greater than the first threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 2 and not greater than 8; when the uplink transmission bandwidth is not less than the first threshold and not greater than the second threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 2 and not greater than 4; when the uplink transmission bandwidth is not less than the second threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 1 and not greater than 2, wherein the first threshold is not greater than 1280 and the second threshold is not greater than 2560.

[0224] The first candidate set of transmission bandwidths includes at least one value from {15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, 1920, 3840} kHz. For double-sideband transmission, the corresponding chip lengths include {133.33 μs, 66.67 μs, 33.33 μs, 16.67 μs, 8.33 μs, 4.16 μs, 2.08 μs, 1.04 μs, 0.52 μs}.

[0225] The second candidate set of transmission bandwidths includes at least one value from {15, 30, 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400} kHz. For double-sideband transmission, the corresponding chip lengths include {133.33 μs, 66.67 μs, 26.67 μs, 13.34 μs, 6.67 μs, 3.33 μs, 1.67 μs, 0.84 μs}.

[0226] The third candidate set of transmission bandwidths includes at least one value from {15, 30, 45, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1440, 2880} kHz. For double-sideband transmission, the corresponding chip lengths include {133.33 μs, 66.67 μs, 44.44 μs, 22.22 μs, 11.11 μs, 5.56 μs, 2.78 μs, 1.39 μs, 0.69 μs}.

[0227] The fourth transmission bandwidth candidate set includes the combination of the first n1 elements of the first transmission bandwidth candidate set and the last n2 elements of the second transmission bandwidth candidate set. Where n1 + n2 is not less than 6 and not greater than 16.

[0228] The fifth transmission bandwidth candidate set includes the combination of the first n1 elements of the first transmission bandwidth candidate set and the last n2 elements of the third transmission bandwidth candidate set. Where n1 + n2 is not less than 6 and not greater than 16.

[0229] The sixth transmission bandwidth candidate set includes the combination of the first n1 elements of the second transmission bandwidth candidate set and the last n2 elements of the third transmission bandwidth candidate set. Where n1 + n2 is not less than 6 and not greater than 16.

[0230] The seventh transmission bandwidth candidate set includes the combination of the elements at positions 2, 4, 6, and 8 of the first transmission bandwidth candidate set, the elements at positions 1, 3, 5, and 7 of the second transmission bandwidth candidate set, and the element at position 9 of the third transmission bandwidth candidate set.

[0231] The eighth transmission bandwidth candidate set includes the combination of the first n3 elements of the first transmission bandwidth candidate set, the n4th to n5th elements of the second transmission bandwidth candidate set, and the last n6 elements of the third transmission bandwidth candidate set. Where n4 is not less than n3+1, n5 is not less than n4 and not greater than 8, and n6 is not less than 1.

[0232] The ninth transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one element from the first transmission bandwidth candidate set and / or the second transmission bandwidth candidate set and / or the third transmission bandwidth candidate set. Adjacent elements in the ninth transmission bandwidth candidate set satisfy a multiple relationship, where the multiple is not less than 1.25 and not greater than 2.5. When the element value is not greater than a first threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 1 and not greater than 2; when the element value is greater than the first threshold, the interval between adjacent elements is not less than 1.25.

[0233] The tenth transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one element from the first transmission bandwidth candidate set and / or the second transmission bandwidth candidate set and / or the third transmission bandwidth candidate set. Adjacent elements in the tenth transmission bandwidth candidate set satisfy a multiple relationship, where the multiple is not less than 2 and not greater than 2.5. When the element value is not greater than a first threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 1 and not greater than 2; when the element value is greater than the first threshold, the interval between adjacent elements is not less than 2.

[0234] The eleventh transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one element from the first transmission bandwidth candidate set and / or the second transmission bandwidth candidate set and / or the third transmission bandwidth candidate set. The interval between adjacent elements in the eleventh transmission bandwidth candidate set increases with the element value, and this interval is not less than 15 and not greater than 1920. When the element value is not greater than a first threshold, the interval between adjacent elements is not less than 15 and not greater than 15*Q; when the element value is greater than the first threshold, the interval between adjacent elements is not less than 15*Q. Here, Q is not less than 1 and not greater than 96.

[0235] In the twelfth candidate transmission bandwidth set, when the uplink transmission bandwidth is not greater than the first threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 2 and not greater than 8; when the uplink transmission bandwidth is not less than the first threshold and not greater than the second threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 2 and not greater than 4; when the uplink transmission bandwidth is not less than the second threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 1 and not greater than 4. The first threshold is not greater than 1280. The second threshold is not greater than 2560.

[0236] For single-sideband transmission, the corresponding uplink transmission bandwidth is half the value of the element in the candidate set of transmission bandwidth, and the corresponding chip length is equal to the chip length corresponding to double-sideband transmission.

[0237] Example 1: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, 1920, 3840} kHz.

[0238] Example 2: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, 1920, 2880} kHz.

[0239] Example 3: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, 1920, 2400} kHz.

[0240] Example 4: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 45, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1440, 2880} kHz.

[0241] Example 5: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 45, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1440, 2400} kHz.

[0242] Example 6: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 45, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1440, 2160} kHz.

[0243] Example 7: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, 1920, 2880} kHz.

[0244] Example 8: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, 1920, 2400} kHz.

[0245] Example 9: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 90, 180, 360, 600, 1200, 2400} kHz.

[0246] Example 10: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 60, 90, 180, 360, 600, 1200, 2400} kHz.

[0247] Example 11: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 60, 90, 180, 360, 600, 1200, 2400, 2880} kHz. Example 12: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 30, 60, 90, 180, 360, 600, 1200, 2400} kHz.

[0248] Example 13, the uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 30, 60, 90, 180, 360, 600, 1200, 2400, 2880} kHz.

[0249] Example 14, the uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 30, 60, 90, 180, 360, 600, 1200, 2880} kHz.

[0250] Example 15, the uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 30, 60, 90, 180, 360, 600, 1200, 2100} kHz.

[0251] Example 16: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 30, 60, 90, 180, 360, 600, 1200, 2100, 2400, 2880} kHz.

[0252] Example 17: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 180, 360, 600, 1200, 2160} kHz.

[0253] Example 18, the uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 180, 360, 600, 1200, 2400} kHz.

[0254] Example 19, the uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 180, 360, 600, 1200, 2880} kHz.

[0255] Example 20: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of {15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 180, 360, 600, 1200, 2100, 2160, 2400, 2880, 3840} kHz.

[0256] Example 21: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of the following: {15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 160, 180, 240, 300, 360, 480, 600, 720, 960, 1200, 1440, 1920, 2100, 2160, 2400, 2880, 3840} kHz.

[0257] Example 22: The uplink transmission bandwidth includes at least one of the following: [15–60] kHz, [90–180] kHz, [180–360] kHz, [360–540] kHz, [540–720] kHz, [720–900] kHz, [900–1260] kHz, [1260–1440] kHz, [1440–1980] kHz, [1980–2160] kHz, [2160–2880] kHz, and [2880–3600] kHz. Here, [x1–x2] kHz indicates that the uplink transmission bandwidth is within the range of not greater than x1 and not less than x2.

[0258] Figure 17 is a flowchart illustrating another passive Internet of Things (IoT) signal transmission method provided in this application embodiment. As shown in Figure 17, the passive IoT signal transmission method provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0259] Step S1710: Receive the first downlink control signaling sent by the first communication node, which includes the first passive IoT downlink control information.

[0260] The signal transmission method in passive IoT provided in this embodiment is applied to a second communication node in passive IoT. The second communication node is a receiving node in passive IoT, and the receiving node can be a passive IoT device / tag. The second communication node receives a first downlink control signaling sent by the first communication node, which includes first passive IoT downlink control information. The first passive IoT downlink control information and the first downlink control signaling have been described in detail in the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0261] Step S1720: Determine the TBS for uplink transmission based on the first passive IoT downlink control information, or determine the resources for uplink or downlink transmission.

[0262] Step S1730: Perform uplink transmission based on TBS, or perform uplink or downlink transmission based on the resources available for uplink or downlink transmission.

[0263] The second communication node determines the Transport Block Size (TBS) for uplink transmission based on the first passive IoT downlink control information, or determines the resources for uplink or downlink transmission. Then, it performs uplink transmission based on the determined TBS or based on the available uplink or downlink resources. The processing performed by the second communication node has been described in the above embodiments.

[0264] Based on the embodiment shown in Figure 17, the first passive IoT downlink control information includes at least one of the following:

[0265] First TBS value;

[0266] The indicator TBS index used to determine the first TBS value;

[0267] An intermediate value used to determine the first TBS value;

[0268] Indicator scaling factor used to determine the first TBS value

[0269] The index of the modulation and coding scheme used to determine the first TBS value;

[0270] The indicator TBS index offset used to determine the first TBS value;

[0271] Indicator candidate TBS index used to determine the first TBS value;

[0272] The first TBS value includes at least one of the following: the maximum TBS value or number of information bits used for uplink transmission, the TBS value or number of information bits used for downlink transmission, the TBS value or number of information bits used for uplink transmission, or the maximum TBS value or number of information bits used for uplink transmission, the TBS value or number of information bits used for downlink transmission, and the maximum TBS value or number of information bits used for downlink transmission.

[0273] Step S1710, after receiving the first downlink control signaling of the first passive IoT, further includes: sending uplink transmission information to the first communication node, the uplink transmission information including information for determining the TBS value of the uplink transmission.

[0274] The uplink transmission information includes at least one of the following:

[0275] TBS index value;

[0276] TBS index offset;

[0277] TBS value offset;

[0278] TBS scaling factor;

[0279] The number of first uplink transmission bits to be transmitted;

[0280] HBSR;

[0281] Uplink transmission information type.

[0282] The uplink transmission information is determined based on the first TBS information in the first passive IoT downlink control information.

[0283] If the TBS value of the first uplink transmission is less than the buffer size of the second communication node, then the first uplink transmission sent includes HBSR information.

[0284] Uplink transmission information types include:

[0285] First information type; or

[0286] Second type of information;

[0287] The first information type includes at least one of the following: uplink transmission type other than Msg3, uplink transmission information type with fixed information length, or uplink transmission information type whose corresponding TBS does not include the MAC subheader.

[0288] The second information type includes at least one of Msg3 or an uplink transmission information type with variable information length or an uplink transmission information type whose corresponding TBS includes a MAC subheader.

[0289] Step S1730, after sending the uplink transmission information, further includes: receiving a second downlink control signaling sent by the first communication node to determine the final TBS value.

[0290] Step S1710, after receiving the first downlink control signaling including the first passive IoT downlink control information sent by the first communication node, further includes:

[0291] Send Msg1 to the first communication node. Msg1 includes scheduling information for Msg3, where Msg3 includes HBSR information or the maximum TBS that Msg3 can transmit.

[0292] The information carried by the first downlink control signaling includes at least one of the following:

[0293] Uplink transmission resource information;

[0294] Downlink transmission resources;

[0295] Joint resource configuration information for uplink and downlink transmission, or common resource configuration information for uplink and downlink transmission;

[0296] Uplink or downlink transmission resource activation or deactivation information;

[0297] Time-domain resource information used for uplink or downlink transmission;

[0298] Frequency domain resource information used for uplink or downlink transmission;

[0299] Time-domain and frequency-domain resource information used for uplink or downlink transmission;

[0300] The location or size of the guard band used for uplink transmission;

[0301] The bandwidth range used for uplink transmission;

[0302] Uplink or downlink transmission resources include uplink or downlink transmissions applied to intermediate user equipment and second communication nodes.

[0303] The first downlink control signaling includes Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.

[0304] The first downlink control signaling includes information related to the intermediate synchronization code, which is related to the TBS value.

[0305] Uplink transmission includes P types of transmission modules, where P is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Uplink transmission modes include at least one of the following: uplink coding method, uplink transmission code rate, uplink modulation method, uplink frequency shifting method, uplink repeated transmission, uplink transmission chip length, uplink multiple access method, uplink transmission TBS value, and uplink transmission information type.

[0306] When the uplink transmission is uplink backscatter transmission, the uplink transmission bandwidth is the first uplink transmission bandwidth; when the uplink transmission is uplink active transmission, the uplink transmission bandwidth is the second uplink transmission bandwidth; wherein, the second uplink transmission bandwidth includes the first uplink transmission bandwidth, or the second uplink transmission bandwidth and the first uplink transmission bandwidth are nested, or the second uplink transmission bandwidth is located at the upper sideband position or the lower sideband position of the first uplink transmission bandwidth, or the second uplink transmission bandwidth is located at the middle position of the first uplink transmission bandwidth, or the second uplink transmission bandwidth overlaps with a part of the first uplink transmission bandwidth.

[0307] Uplink transmission includes one or more uplink transmission bandwidth candidate sets, each uplink transmission bandwidth candidate set including one or more uplink bandwidths, and the uplink transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one of the following:

[0308] The first transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one value from {15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, 1920, 3840} kHz;

[0309] The second transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one value from {15, 30, 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400} kHz;

[0310] The third transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one value from {15, 30, 45, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1440, 2880} kHz;

[0311] The combination of elements in the first transmission bandwidth candidate set, the second transmission bandwidth candidate set, and the third transmission bandwidth candidate set;

[0312] When the uplink transmission bandwidth is not greater than the first threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 2 and not greater than 8; when the uplink transmission bandwidth is not less than the first threshold and not greater than the second threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 2 and not greater than 4; when the uplink transmission bandwidth is not less than the second threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 1 and not greater than 2, wherein the first threshold is not greater than 1280 and the second threshold is not greater than 2560.

[0313] The various embodiments shown in the embodiment for the first communication device can also be applied in the second communication device shown in FIG17.

[0314] Figure 18 is a flowchart illustrating another passive Internet of Things (IoT) signal transmission method provided in this application embodiment. As shown in Figure 18, the passive IoT signal transmission method provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0315] Step 1810: Determine the length of each chip within the OFDM symbol for downlink transmission so that the chip lengths of each continuous level are approximately equal after the OFDM symbol is CP-added.

[0316] Step 1820: Send downlink transmission information.

[0317] To support approximately equal-length chips and maintain orthogonality, the reader can flexibly adjust the length of each chip within the OFDM symbol based on the actual transmitted CP level, so that the chip lengths of each consecutive level after adding CP are approximately equal.

[0318] The specific method is as follows:

[0319] If the voltage level of the last chip in an OFDM symbol is the same as that of the first chip, then the length of the first chip is designed to be... Where M is the number of OOK symbols in the OFDM symbol set, and N is the number of IFFT sampling points. cp This represents the number of IFFT sampling points corresponding to CP;

[0320] If the voltage level of the last chip in an OFDM symbol is opposite to that of the first chip, then the length of the last chip in the previous OFDM symbol is increased by N. chip +N cp , where N chip This represents the number of IFFT sampling points corresponding to a chip, or the number of CPs for OFDM symbols.

[0321] The reader and / or device assumes that the CP contains c chips. These c chips have the same voltage level as the last c chips in the OFDM symbol containing the CP, and can be used as backcheck chips. This scheme solves the problem of increased detection complexity and decreased detection performance caused by variable chip durations. When the CP is used as a backcheck chip, the lengths of the M chips within the OFDM symbol satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

[0322] For M=6, Ncp is approximately 0.4 normal chip lengths. The normal chip length falls within 14% to 18% of the OFDM symbol duration. CP is used to verify the last chip within an OFDM symbol or to form a chip with adjacent chips having the same voltage level. For example, if the number of samples corresponding to an OFDM symbol is N=128, when Ncp=10, the last chip corresponds to 18 samples, and the other chips include 5 chips with 22 samples each.

[0323] For M=8, Ncp is approximately 0.6 times the length of a normal chip. The length of a normal chip falls within 8% to 14% of the OFDM symbol duration. CP is used to verify the last chip within the OFDM symbol. For example, if the number of samples corresponding to an OFDM symbol is N=128, when Ncp=10, the last chip corresponds to 11 samples, and the other chips include 5 chips with 17 samples and 2 chips with 16 samples. The length of the last chip within the OFDM symbol is no less than 8% and no more than 10% of the OFDM symbol duration.

[0324] For M=12, Ncp is approximately one normal chip length, which falls within 12% to 13% of the OFDM symbol duration. CP is used to verify the last chip within an OFDM symbol. For example, if the number of samples corresponding to an OFDM symbol is N=128, when Ncp=10, the last chip corresponds to 10 samples, and the other chips include 3 chips with 10 samples and 8 chips with 11 samples. When Ncp=9, the last chip corresponds to 9 samples, and the other chips include 2 chips with 10 samples and 9 chips with 11 samples.

[0325] For M=16, Ncp is approximately 1.25 normal chip lengths, which falls within 5% to 7% of the OFDM symbol duration. CP is used to verify the last chip within an OFDM symbol. For example, if the number of samples corresponding to an OFDM symbol is N=128, when Ncp=10, the last chip corresponds to 10 samples, and the other chips include 2 chips with 7 samples and 13 chips with 8 samples. When Ncp=9, the last chip corresponds to 9 samples, and the other chips include 1 chip with 7 samples and 14 chips with 8 samples.

[0326] M=24, Ncp is approximately the length of two normal chips. The length of the normal chips is within 3% to 5% of the OFDM symbol duration. CP is used to verify the last two chips within the OFDM symbol. For example, if the number of samples corresponding to the OFDM symbol is N=128, the number of samples corresponding to the last two chips is 5, and the other chips include 8 chips with 6 samples and 14 chips with 5 samples.

[0327] For M=32, Ncp is approximately 2.5 normal chip lengths. The normal chip length falls within 2% to 4% of the OFDM symbol duration. CP is used to verify the last two or three chips within an OFDM symbol. For example, if the number of samples corresponding to an OFDM symbol is N=128, when Ncp=10, the last two chips correspond to 5 samples, and the other chips include 2 chips with 3 samples and 28 chips with 4 samples. When Ncp=9, the last three chips correspond to 3 samples, and the other chips include 3 chips with 5 samples and 26 chips with 4 samples.

[0328] The positions of the M chips, excluding the last c chips, are determined according to at least one of the following methods:

[0329] The corresponding sample number is small or the chip length is short. The C0 chip is located on the left or at the beginning, for example, [0: C0-1, C0: C0+C1-1]; or

[0330] C1 chips with a large number of corresponding samples or a long chip length (N_chip^1) are located on the left or at the beginning.

[0331] For example, [0:C_1-1,C_1:C_0+C_1-1]; or

[0332] For C0 chips with a smaller number of corresponding sample points or shorter chip length, the chips are located on the left or at the beginning and on the right or at the end.

[0333] For example, or

[0334] For C1 chips with a large number of corresponding samples or a long chip length, the chips are located on the left or at the beginning and on the right or at the end.

[0335] For example or

[0336] C0 chips, which correspond to fewer sample points or shorter chip lengths, and C1 chips, which correspond to more sample points or longer chip lengths, are placed at intervals.

[0337] For example, when C1 > C0,

[0338] For example, when C0 > C1,

[0339] For example, when C0 = C1, or

[0340] When C1 > C0, the number of each corresponding sample point is chips and each The number of corresponding samples is The chips are placed side by side.

[0341] For example, the number of sample points is The chip is located in The number of sample points is Before the chip, or

[0342] For example, the number of sample points is The chip is located in The number of sample points is After the chip, or

[0343] For example, the number of sample points is The chip is located in The number of sample points is Between the chips, or

[0344] When C0 > C1, each The number of corresponding samples is The number of chips and the number of corresponding samples are The chips are placed side by side.

[0345] For example, the number of sample points is The chip is located in The number of sample points is Before the chip, or

[0346] For example, the number of sample points is The chip is located in The number of sample points is After the chip, or

[0347] For example, the number of sample points is The chip is located in The number of sample points is Between the chips, or

[0348] Assume that the number of samples N corresponding to the duration of one OFDM symbol ref Determine the number of samples N corresponding to each of the M chips. chip The method specifically includes

[0349] Calculate the number of samples corresponding to each chip. Where σ is 2 a ,

[0350] Where 'a' is an integer not less than 0, or related to the sampling rate / link rate of the device, or related to the sampling rate or rate or subcarrier spacing configuration of the base station or intermediate node user equipment.

[0351] When the number of samples corresponding to M chips within an OFDM symbol is all and Less than N ref At this time, a guard interval is added after a specific position of the OFDM symbol. The length of the guard interval is the length of the OFDM symbol minus the total length of M chips. The specific positions include the CP start position, the CP end position, the OFDM symbol start position, the middle position, or the end position, and the end position of the nth OFDM symbol in the time slot where the OFDM symbol is located.

[0352] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission device in a passive Internet of Things (IoT) according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 19, the signal transmission device provided in this embodiment includes:

[0353] The determining module 191 is configured to determine the first passive IoT downlink control information, which is related to the uplink transmission TBS or uplink or downlink transmission resources; the sending module 192 is configured to send a first downlink control signaling including the first passive IoT downlink control information to the second communication node.

[0354] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of another passive Internet of Things (IoT) signal transmission device provided in this embodiment. As shown in Figure 20, the signal transmission device provided in this embodiment includes:

[0355] The receiving module 201 is configured to receive a first downlink control signaling message including first passive IoT downlink control information sent by the first communication node; the determining module 202 is configured to determine the TBS used for uplink transmission or determine the resources used for uplink or downlink transmission based on the first passive IoT downlink control information; the sending module 203 is configured to perform uplink transmission based on the TBS or perform uplink or downlink transmission based on the resources used for uplink or downlink transmission.

[0356] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of another passive Internet of Things (IoT) signal transmission device provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 21, the signal transmission device provided in this embodiment includes:

[0357] The determining module 211 is configured to determine the length of each chip within the OFDM symbol for downlink transmission, so that the chip lengths of each continuous level are approximately equal after the OFDM symbol is CP-added; the transmitting module 212 is configured to transmit downlink transmission information.

[0358] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal transmission device in a passive Internet of Things (IoT) according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 22, the signal transmission device in the passive IoT includes a processor 221, a memory 222, a receiver 223, and a transmitter 224. The number of processors 221 in the signal transmission device in the passive IoT can be one or more. Figure 22 shows an example of one processor 221. The processor 221, memory 222, receiver 223, and transmitter 224 in the signal transmission device in the passive IoT can be connected by a bus or other means. Figure 22 shows an example of connection via a bus.

[0359] The memory 222, as a computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store software programs, computer-executable programs, and modules, such as the program instructions / modules (determining module 191, sending module 192, or receiving module 201, determining module 202, sending module 203, or determining module 211, sending module 212) corresponding to the signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things (IoT) in the embodiments of Figures 5-18 of this application. The processor 221 executes the software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 222 to apply various functions and data processing of the signal transmission device in the passive IoT, thereby realizing the aforementioned signal transmission method in the passive IoT.

[0360] The memory 222 may primarily include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and an application program required for at least one function. The data storage area may store data created based on the use of signal transmission devices in a passive Internet of Things (IoT). Furthermore, the memory 222 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device.

[0361] The receiver 223 is any device / module with data receiving capability or a combination of multiple devices / modules with data receiving capability, and the transmitter 224 is any device / module with data transmitting capability or a combination of multiple devices / modules with data transmitting capability.

[0362] This application embodiment also provides a non-volatile storage medium, the storage medium including a stored program, characterized in that the program executes a signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things (IoT) during runtime, the method including: determining first passive IoT downlink control information, the first passive IoT downlink control information being related to the uplink transmission TBS or to uplink or downlink transmission resources; and sending a first downlink control signaling including the first passive IoT downlink control information to a second communication node.

[0363] This application embodiment also provides a non-volatile storage medium, the storage medium including a stored program, characterized in that the program executes a signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things (IoT) during runtime, the method including: receiving a first downlink control signaling including first passive IoT downlink control information sent by a first communication node; determining a TBS for uplink transmission based on the first passive IoT downlink control information, or determining resources for uplink or downlink transmission; performing uplink transmission based on the TBS, or performing uplink or downlink transmission based on the resources for uplink or downlink transmission.

[0364] This application embodiment also provides a non-volatile storage medium, the storage medium including a stored program, characterized in that the program executes a signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things when it runs, the method including: determining the length of each chip in the downlink transmission OFDM symbol so that the chip lengths of each continuous level are approximately equal after the OFDM symbol is CP-added; and sending downlink transmission information.

[0365] In this embodiment, the storage medium may include, but is not limited to, various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0366] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or some of the steps, systems, or apparatuses disclosed above, and their functional modules / units, can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof. In hardware implementations, the division between functional modules / units mentioned above does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, a physical component may have multiple functions, or a function or step may be performed collaboratively by several physical components. Some or all components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a digital signal processor or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Such software may be distributed on a computer-readable medium, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transient media). As is known to those skilled in the art, the term computer storage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing information (such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data). Computer storage media include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital video disc (DVD) or other optical disc storage, cartridges, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired information and is accessible to a computer. Furthermore, it is well known to those skilled in the art that communication media typically contain computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in modulated data signals such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and may include any information delivery medium.

[0367] Although the embodiments disclosed in this application are as described above, their content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the technical solutions of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art to which this application pertains may make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the implementation without departing from the core technical solutions disclosed in this application, but the scope of protection defined in this application shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things (IoT) system, applied to a first communication node, comprising: Determine the first passive IoT downlink control information, which is related to the uplink transmission block size (TBS) or uplink or downlink transmission resources. Send a first downlink control signaling message, including the first passive IoT downlink control information, to the second communication node.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first passive IoT downlink control information includes at least one of the following: First TBS value; The indicator TBS index used to determine the first TBS value; An intermediate value used to determine the first TBS value; An indicator scaling factor used to determine the first TBS value; The index of the modulation and coding scheme used to determine the first TBS value; The indicator TBS index offset used to determine the first TBS value; Indicator candidate TBS index used to determine the first TBS value; The first TBS value includes at least one of the following: the maximum TBS value or number of information bits used for uplink transmission, the TBS value or number of information bits used for downlink transmission, the TBS value or number of information bits used for uplink transmission, the maximum TBS value or number of information bits used for uplink transmission, the TBS value or number of information bits used for downlink transmission, and the maximum TBS value or number of information bits used for downlink transmission.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, after sending the first downlink control signaling including the first passive IoT downlink control information to the second communication node: Receive uplink transmission information sent by the second communication node; The TBS value for uplink transmission of the second communication node is determined based on the uplink transmission information.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The uplink transmission information includes at least one of the following: TBS index value; TBS index offset; TBS value offset; TBS scaling factor; The number of first uplink transmission bits to be transmitted; High-level buffer status report (HBSR); Uplink transmission information type; The uplink transmission information is determined based on the first TBS information in the first passive IoT downlink control information.

5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising: If the TBS value of the first uplink transmission is less than the buffer size of the second communication node, then the received first uplink transmission includes HBSR information.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The uplink transmission information types include: First information type; or Second type of information; The first information type includes at least one of the following: an uplink transmission type other than message Msg3, an uplink transmission information type with a fixed information length, or an uplink transmission information type whose corresponding TBS does not include the Media Access Control (MAC) subheader. The second information type includes at least one of Msg3, an uplink transmission information type with variable information length, or an uplink transmission information type whose corresponding TBS includes a MAC subheader.

7. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, further comprising, after receiving the uplink transmission information sent by the second communication node: Send a second downlink control signaling to the second communication node to determine the final TBS value.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, after sending the first downlink control signaling including the first passive IoT downlink control information to the second communication node: Receive Msg1 sent by the second communication node. Msg1 includes scheduling information of Msg3, wherein Msg3 includes buffer status report (BSR) information or Msg3 transmission maximum TBS.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The information carried by the first downlink control signaling includes at least one of the following: Uplink transmission resource information; Downlink transmission resources; Joint resource configuration information for uplink and downlink transmission, or common resource configuration information for uplink and downlink transmission; Uplink or downlink transmission resource activation or deactivation information; Time-domain resource information used for uplink or downlink transmission; Frequency domain resource information used for uplink or downlink transmission; Time-domain and frequency-domain resource information used for uplink or downlink transmission; The location or size of the guard band used for uplink transmission; The bandwidth range used for uplink transmission; The uplink or downlink transmission resources include uplink or downlink transmissions applied to intermediate user equipment and second communication nodes.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The first downlink control signaling includes Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Media Access Control (MAC) control unit (CE), or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first downlink control signaling includes information related to the intermediate synchronization code, which is related to the TBS value.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The uplink transmission includes P types of transmission modules, where P is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The uplink transmission mode includes at least one of the following: uplink coding method, uplink transmission code rate, uplink modulation method, uplink frequency shifting method, uplink repeated transmission, uplink transmission chip length, uplink multiple access method, uplink transmission TBS value, and uplink transmission information type.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, When the uplink transmission is an uplink backscatter transmission, the uplink transmission bandwidth of the uplink transmission is the first uplink transmission bandwidth; When the uplink transmission is an active uplink transmission, the uplink transmission bandwidth of the uplink transmission is a second uplink transmission bandwidth; wherein, the second uplink transmission bandwidth includes the first uplink transmission bandwidth, or, the second uplink transmission bandwidth and the first uplink transmission bandwidth are nested, or, the second uplink transmission bandwidth is located at the upper sideband position or the lower sideband position of the first uplink transmission bandwidth, or, the second uplink bandwidth is located at the middle position of the first uplink bandwidth, or, the second uplink bandwidth overlaps with a portion of the first uplink bandwidth.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The uplink transmission includes one or more uplink transmission bandwidth candidate sets, each uplink transmission bandwidth candidate set including one or more uplink bandwidths, and the uplink transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one of the following: The first transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one value from {15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, 1920, 3840} kHz; The second transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one value from {15, 30, 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400} kHz; The third transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one value from {15, 30, 45, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1440, 2880} kHz; The combination of elements in the first transmission bandwidth candidate set, the second transmission bandwidth candidate set, and the third transmission bandwidth candidate set; When the uplink transmission bandwidth is not greater than the first threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 2 and not greater than 8; when the uplink transmission bandwidth is not less than the first threshold and not greater than the second threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 2 and not greater than 4. When the uplink transmission bandwidth is not less than the second threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 1 and not greater than 2, wherein the first threshold is not greater than 1280 and the second threshold is not greater than 2560.

15. A signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things (IoT) applied to a second communication node, comprising: Receive a first downlink control signaling message sent by a first communication node, which includes first passive IoT downlink control information; The transport block size (TBS) for uplink transmission is determined based on the first passive IoT downlink control information, or the resources for uplink or downlink transmission are determined. Uplink transmission is performed based on the TBS, or uplink or downlink transmission is performed based on the resources of the uplink or downlink transmission.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The first passive IoT downlink control information includes at least one of the following: First TBS value; The indicator TBS index used to determine the first TBS value; An intermediate value used to determine the first TBS value; Indicator scaling factor used to determine the first TBS value The index of the modulation and coding scheme used to determine the first TBS value; The indicator TBS index offset used to determine the first TBS value; Indicator candidate TBS index used to determine the first TBS value; The first TBS value includes at least one of the following: the maximum TBS value or number of information bits used for uplink transmission, the TBS value or number of information bits used for downlink transmission, the TBS value or number of information bits used for uplink transmission, or the maximum TBS value or number of information bits used for uplink transmission, the TBS value or number of information bits used for downlink transmission, and the maximum TBS value or number of information bits used for downlink transmission.

17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising, after receiving the first downlink control signaling including the first passive IoT downlink control information sent by the first communication node: Uplink transmission information is sent to the first communication node, the uplink transmission information including information for determining the TBS value of the uplink transmission.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, The uplink transmission information includes at least one of the following: TBS index value; TBS index offset; TBS value offset; TBS scaling factor; The number of first uplink transmission bits to be transmitted; High-level buffer status report (HBSR); Uplink transmission information type. The uplink transmission information is determined based on the first TBS information in the first passive IoT downlink control information.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: If the TBS value of the first uplink transmission is less than the buffer size of the second communication node, then the first uplink transmission sent includes HBSR information.

20. The method according to claim 18, wherein, The types of uplink transmitted information include: First information type; or Second type of information; The first information type includes at least one of the following: an uplink transmission type other than message Msg3, an uplink transmission information type with a fixed information length, or an uplink transmission information type whose corresponding TBS does not include the Media Access Control (MAC) subheader. The second information type includes at least one of Msg3, an uplink transmission information type with variable information length, or an uplink transmission information type whose corresponding TBS includes a MAC subheader.

21. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein after sending uplink transmission information to the first communication node, it further comprises: Receives a second downlink control signaling sent by the first communication node to determine the final TBS value.

22. The method according to claim 15, further comprising, after receiving the first downlink control signaling including the first passive IoT downlink control information sent by the first communication node: Send Msg1 to the first communication node. Msg1 includes scheduling information of Msg3, wherein Msg3 includes HBSR information or the maximum TBS that Msg3 can transmit.

23. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The information carried by the first downlink control signaling includes at least one of the following: Uplink transmission resource information; Downlink transmission resources; Joint resource configuration information for uplink and downlink transmission, or common resource configuration information for uplink and downlink transmission; Uplink or downlink transmission resource activation or deactivation information; Time-domain resource information used for uplink or downlink transmission; Frequency domain resource information used for uplink or downlink transmission; Time-domain and frequency-domain resource information used for uplink or downlink transmission; The location or size of the guard band used for uplink transmission; The bandwidth range used for uplink transmission; The uplink or downlink transmission resources include uplink or downlink transmissions applied to intermediate user equipment and second communication nodes.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein, The first downlink control signaling includes Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Media Access Control (MAC) control unit (CE), or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

25. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The first downlink control signaling includes information related to the intermediate synchronization code, which is related to the TBS value.

26. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The uplink transmission includes P types of transmission modules, where P is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The uplink transmission mode includes at least one of the following: uplink coding method, uplink transmission code rate, uplink modulation method, uplink frequency shifting method, uplink repeated transmission, uplink transmission chip length, uplink multiple access method, uplink transmission TBS value, and uplink transmission information type.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein, When the uplink transmission is an uplink backscatter transmission, the uplink transmission bandwidth of the uplink transmission is the first uplink transmission bandwidth; When the uplink transmission is an active uplink transmission, the uplink transmission bandwidth of the uplink transmission is a second uplink transmission bandwidth; wherein, the second uplink transmission bandwidth includes the first uplink transmission bandwidth, or, the second uplink transmission bandwidth and the first uplink transmission bandwidth are nested, or, the second uplink transmission bandwidth is located at the upper sideband position or the lower sideband position of the first uplink transmission bandwidth, or, the second uplink bandwidth is located at the middle position of the first uplink bandwidth, or, the second uplink bandwidth overlaps with a portion of the first uplink bandwidth.

28. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The uplink transmission includes one or more uplink transmission bandwidth candidate sets, each uplink transmission bandwidth candidate set including one or more uplink bandwidths, and the uplink transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one of the following: The first transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one value from {15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, 1920, 3840} kHz; The second transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one value from {15, 30, 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400} kHz; The third transmission bandwidth candidate set includes at least one value from {15, 30, 45, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1440, 2880} kHz; The combination of elements in the first transmission bandwidth candidate set, the second transmission bandwidth candidate set, and the third transmission bandwidth candidate set; When the uplink transmission bandwidth is not greater than the first threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 2 and not greater than 8; when the uplink transmission bandwidth is not less than the first threshold and not greater than the second threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 2 and not greater than 4. When the uplink transmission bandwidth is not less than the second threshold, the multiple between adjacent elements is not less than 1 and not greater than 2, wherein the first threshold is not greater than 1280 and the second threshold is not greater than 2560.

29. A signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things (IoT), applied to a first communication node, comprising: Determine the length of each chip within the downlink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol so that the chip lengths of each continuous level are approximately equal after adding the cyclic prefix (CP) to the OFDM symbol. Send downlink transmission information.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein, Determining the length of each chip within the OFDM symbol for downlink transmission includes: In response to the fact that the level of the last chip in the OFDM symbol is the same as the level of the first chip, the length of the first chip is designed to be... Where M is the number of on / off keyed OOK symbols in the OFDM symbols, and N is the number of IFFT sampling points processed by inverse Fourier transform. cp This represents the number of IFFT sampling points corresponding to CP; In response to the fact that the level of the last chip in the OFDM symbol is opposite to the level of the first chip, the length of the last chip of the previous OFDM symbol is increased by N. chip +N cp , where N chip This represents the number of IFFT sampling points corresponding to a chip, or the number of CPs removed from the OFDM symbol.

31. A signal transmission device for a passive Internet of Things (IoT), comprising: The determination module is configured to determine the first passive IoT downlink control information, which is related to the uplink transmission transport block size (TBS) or uplink or downlink transmission resources. The sending module is configured to send a first downlink control signaling, including the first passive IoT downlink control information, to the second communication node.

32. A signal transmission device for a passive Internet of Things (IoT), comprising: The receiving module is configured to receive a first downlink control signaling, including first passive IoT downlink control information, sent by the first communication node; The determination module is configured to determine the transport block size (TBS) for uplink transmission based on the first passive IoT downlink control information, or to determine the resources for uplink or downlink transmission. The sending module is configured to perform uplink transmission based on the TBS, or to perform uplink or downlink transmission based on the resources of the uplink or downlink transmission.

33. A signal transmission device for a passive Internet of Things (IoT), comprising: The module is configured to determine the length of each chip within the downlink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, so that the chip lengths of each continuous level are approximately equal after the OFDM symbol is given a cyclic prefix (CP). The sending module is configured to send downlink transmission information.

34. A signal transmission device for a passive Internet of Things (IoT), comprising: The memory is configured to store a program. The processor is configured to execute a program, which, when executed, performs a signal transmission method in a passive Internet of Things (IoT) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, or performs a signal transmission method in a passive IoT as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 28, or a signal transmission method in a passive IoT as claimed in any one of claims 29 to 30.

35. A non-volatile storage medium, the storage medium comprising a stored program, wherein, When the program runs, it executes the signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things according to any one of claims 1 to 14, or executes the signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things according to any one of claims 15 to 28, or executes the signal transmission method in the passive Internet of Things according to any one of claims 29 to 30.

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