Enabling MU-MIMO with unequal modulation in wireless communications
Enabling MU-MIMO with UEQM in wireless communications using LDPC coding and signaling methods addresses the lack of such designs, improving system throughput by 5-20% through efficient MU-MIMO transmissions.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK INC
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems lack designs for enabling Multi-User Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) with unequal modulation (UEQM), which could enhance system throughput.
Implementing schemes and apparatuses that enable MU-MIMO with UEQM using low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding and signaling methods, including the use of LDPC for MU-MIMO transmissions and defining UEQM patterns for spatial streams, allowing for MU-MIMO on full bandwidth, punctured channels, and OFDMA.
Improves system throughput by 5-20% through MU-MIMO transmissions with UEQM, enhancing communication efficiency and flexibility.
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Figure CN2025132919_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ENABLING MU-MIMO WITH UNEQUAL MODULATION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional patent application claiming the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 716,770, filed 06 November 2024, the content of which being incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to wireless communications and, more particularly, to enabling multi-user (MU) multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) with unequal modulation (UEQM) in wireless communications.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] In wireless communications such as Wi-Fi (or WiFi) and wireless local area network (WLAN) systems in accordance with one or more Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (e.g., IEEE 802.11be and beyond) , it has been shown by system simulations that UEQM can improve the system throughput by about 5 ~ 20%. At the time of the present disclosure, existing proposals with respect to UEQM are mainly focused on UEQM on single-user (SU) multiple-input-multiple-output (SU-MIMO) , such as orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) and non-OFDMA transmissions. However, designs for enabling MU-MIMO with UEQM at the time of the present disclosure have not yet been defined. Therefore, there is a need for a solution of enabling MU-MIMO with UEQM in wireless communications.SUMMARY
[0005] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0006] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide schemes, concepts, designs, techniques, methods and apparatuses pertaining to enabling MU-MIMO with UEQM in wireless communications. It is believed that implementations of one or more of the various schemes proposed herein may enable MU-MIMO transmissions with UEQM, using low-density parity-check (LDPC) only for coding for MU-MIMO. Moreover, the proposed schemes may provide signaling methods enabling MU-MIMO with UEQM.
[0007] In one aspect, a method may involve generating a physical-layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) . The method may also involve performing a MU-MIMO transmission of the PPDU with signaling that indicates whether the MU-MIMO transmission is performed with an UEQM.
[0008] In another aspect, an apparatus may include a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly and a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor may generate a PPDU. The processor may also perform an MU-MIMO transmission of the PPDU with signaling that indicates whether the MU-MIMO transmission is performed with an UEQM.
[0009] It is noteworthy that, although description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, Wi-Fi, the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, for example and without limitation, Bluetooth, ZigBee, 5th Generation (5G) / New Radio (NR) , Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, Internet-of-Things (IoT) , Industrial IoT (IIoT) and narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) . Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example network environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0012] FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example communication system under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an example process under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0017] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0018] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes and / or solutions pertaining to enabling MU-MIMO with UEQM in wireless communications. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.
[0019] FIG. 1 illustrates an example network environment 100 in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented. FIG. 2 ~ FIG. 6 illustrate examples of implementation of various proposed schemes in network environment 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The following description of various proposed schemes is provided with reference to FIG. 1 ~ FIG. 6.
[0020] Referring to FIG. 1, network environment 100 may involve at least a station (STA) 110 communicating wirelessly with a STA 120. Either of STA 110 and STA 120 may function as an access point (AP) STA or a non-AP STA. In some cases, STA 110 and STA 120 may be associated with a basic service set (BSS) in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 standards (e.g., IEEE 802.11be and future-developed standards) . Each of STA 110 and STA 120 may be configured to communicate with each other by utilizing the enabling MU-MIMO with UEQM in wireless communications in accordance with various proposed schemes described below. It is noteworthy that the UEQM in the various proposed schemes may be in the frequency domain and / or the spatial domain. It is also noteworthy that, while the various proposed schemes may be individually or separately described below, in actual implementations some or all of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented jointly. Of course, each of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented individually or separately.
[0021] As mentioned above, it has been shown by system simulations that UEQM may improve system throughput by around 5 ~ 20%. A given STA participating in a coordinated beamforming (CoBF or CBF) may be assigned with more than one spatial stream (> 1ss) such as, for example, two spatial streams (2ss) or three spatial streams (3ss) . Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, for a STA in CoBF with > 1ss, both equal modulation (EQM) and UEQM may be used. Moreover, under the proposed scheme, the same quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) patterns defined for SU-MIMO in pertinent IEEE 802.11 standards may be reused for UEQM in CoBF.
[0022] In IEEE 802.11be, the User field of a physical-layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) for MU-MIMO allocation is defined as described with certain subfields including 11 bits as a STA identifier (STA-ID) subfield (e.g., bits B0 ~ B10) , 5 bits as a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) subfield (e.g., bits B11 –B15) , 4 bits as a Spatial Configuration subfield (e.g., bits B16 –B19) , 1 bit as a Coding subfield to indicate binary convolutional coding (BCC) or LDPC (e.g., bit B21) , 1 bit as a 2xLDPC subfield to indicate codeword length of less than or equal to 1944 or 3888 (e.g., bit B22) , and 1 bit as a reserved subfield (e.g., bit B20) .
[0023] Regarding QAM patterns for UEQM, UEQM is defined for a number of spatial streams (Nss) = 2, 3 and 4. The QAM patterns are defined in the table below for UEQM with Nss = 2, 3, 4. With Nss = 2, UEQM patterns for stream 1 and stream 2 may be either of the following: (1) s for stream 1 and s-1 for stream 1; or (2) s for stream 1 and s-2 for stream 2. With Nss = 3, UEQM patterns for stream 1, stream 2 and stream 3 may be any of the following: 1) s for stream 1, s for stream 2, and s-1 for stream 3; (2) s for stream 1, s for stream 2, and s-2 for stream 3; or (3) s for stream 1, s-1 for stream 2, and s-2 for stream 3. With Nss = 4, UEQM patterns for stream 1, stream 2, stream 3 and stream 4 may be any of the following: 1) s for stream 1, s for stream 2, s for stream 3, and s-1 for stream 4; (2) s for stream 1, s for stream 2, s for stream 3, and s-2 for stream 4; (3) s for stream 1, s for stream 2, s-1 for stream 3, and s-2 for stream 4; or (4) s for stream 1, s-1 for stream 2, s-1 for stream 3, and s-2 for stream 4. Notably, s = max (1, NSPSCS / 2) , and “s-Δ” represents the modulation order (s) used in the rest of the spatial stream that is Δ modulation levels lower than s. The modulation order from the first to the sixth corresponds to quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) , 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM and 4096-QAM.
[0024] It is noteworthy that, while BCC is limited to a resource unit (RU) size less than or equal to 242 tones (≤ 242) in IEEE 802.11be, MU-MIMO is only allowed for RU size greater than or equal to 242 (≥ 242) . Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure (Proposal-1) , only LDPC may be utilized in coding for MU-MIMO. Accordingly, this may free up 1 bit in the User field for other signaling purposes, and this may simplify MU-MIMO testing. Advantageously, there may be no performance impact. Under the proposed scheme, UEQM may also be limited to LDPC coding only.
[0025] Undre a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure (Proposal-2) , in addition to having UEQM defined for SU-MIMO in either full bandwidth or OFDMA, UEQM may also be defined for MU-MIMO in case that a user (e.g., STA 110 or STA 120) is assigned with Nss ≥ 2. For instance, UEQM may be used for MU-MIMO on a full bandwidth. Alternatively, or additionally, UEQM may be used for MU-MIMO on punctured channel (s) . Alternatively, or additionally, UEQM may be used for MU-MIMO on OFDMA (either single RU or a multi-RU (MRU) with ≥ 242 tones or ≥ 484 tones or ≥ 484 + 242 tones) .
[0026] FIG. 2 illustrates an example design 200 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Under the proposed scheme (Proposal-3) , coding of LDPC only may be used for MU-MIMO transmissions. Accordingly, the 1 bit used as a reserved bit (e.g., bit B20) and the 1 bit used as a Coding subfield (e.g., bit B21) in IEEE 802.11be may together be used to indicate UEQ or UEQM (e.g., for WiFi 8 in accordance with IEEE 802.11bn) . In case of UEQM, the two bits of B20 and B21 may indicate the QAM patterns up to 3 patterns. For Nss = 4, only 2 QAM patterns may be supported (e.g., the first three patterns (1) , (2) and (3) among the four patterns listed above for Nss = 4) .
[0027] In one approach under Proposal-3, a value of “00” in bits B20 and B21 may indicate UEQM with QAM pattern 1, a value of “01” in bits B20 and B21 may indicate UEQM with QAM pattern 2, a value of “10” in bits B20 and B21 may indicate UEQM with QAM pattern 3, and a value of “11” in bits B20 and B21 may indicate EQM. In an alternative approach under Proposal-3, a value of “00” in bits B20 and B21 may indicate EQM, a value of “01” in bits B20 and B21 may indicate UEQM with QAM pattern 1, a value of “10” in bits B20 and B21 may indicate UEQM with QAM pattern 2, and a value of “11” in bits B20 and B21 may indicate UEQM with QAM pattern 3.
[0028] FIG. 3 illustrates an example design 300 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Under the proposed scheme (Proposal-4) , with respect to signaling for MU-MIMO with UEQM, in case of UEQM for MU-MIMO, a default may be 2xLDPC = 1 (e.g., if the number of available bits (Navbits) > 3888 then 2xLDPC may be used) . Under the proposed scheme, in the User field, bit B20 (e.g., the reserved bit in IEEE 802.11be) may be utilized to indicate EQM or UEQM. Moreover, bit B21 (e.g., the Coding subfield in IEEE 802.11be) and bit B22 (e.g., the 2xLDPC subfield in IEEE 802.11be) may be utilized to QAM patterns in case of UEQM. For instance, a value of “00” in bits B21 and B22 may indicate UEQM with QAM pattern 1, a value of “01” in bits B21 and B22 may indicate UEQM with QAM pattern 2, a value of “10” in bits B21 and B22 may indicate UEQM with QAM pattern 3, and a value of “11” in bits B21 and B22 may indicate UEQM with QAM pattern 4.
[0029] FIG. 4 illustrates an example design 400 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Under the proposed scheme (Proposal-5) , with respect to signaling for MU-MIMO with UEQM, the length of the User field may be increased by 1 bit for MU-MIMO allocation (e.g., the total number of bits for the User field may be increased to 24 bits) . Under the proposed scheme, one bit (e.g., bit B20) may be utilized to indicate EQM or UEQM. Moreover, two bits (e.g., bits B21 and B23, or bits B21 and B22) may be utilized to indicate QAM patterns in case of UEQM. Illustrative Implementations
[0030] FIG. 5 illustrates an example system 500 having at least an example apparatus 510 and an example apparatus 520 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of apparatus 510 and apparatus 520 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes and methods described herein pertaining to enabling MU-MIMO with UEQM in wireless communications, including the various schemes described above with respect to various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above as well as processes described below. For instance, apparatus 510 may be implemented in STA 110 and apparatus 520 may be implemented in STA 120, or vice versa.
[0031] Each of apparatus 510 and apparatus 520 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a STA or an AP, such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. When implemented in a STA, each of apparatus 510 and apparatus 520 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smart watch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Each of apparatus 510 and apparatus 520 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT apparatus such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, each of apparatus 510 and apparatus 520 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. When implemented in or as a network apparatus, apparatus 510 and / or apparatus 520 may be implemented in a network node, such as an AP in a WLAN.
[0032] In some implementations, each of apparatus 510 and apparatus 520 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. In the various schemes described above, each of apparatus 510 and apparatus 520 may be implemented in or as a STA or an AP. Each of apparatus 510 and apparatus 520 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 5 such as a processor 512 and a processor 522, respectively, for example. Each of apparatus 510 and apparatus 520 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of apparatus 510 and apparatus 520 are neither shown in FIG. 5 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0033] In one aspect, each of processor 512 and processor 522 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more RISC processors or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “a processor” is used herein to refer to processor 512 and processor 522, each of processor 512 and processor 522 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 512 and processor 522 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 512 and processor 522 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks including those pertaining to enabling MU-MIMO with UEQM in wireless communications in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure. For instance, each of processor 512 and 522 may be configured with electronic circuitry implementing one or more of the designs of a UEQM transmitter (e.g., one or more of designs 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 and 800) for transmission of MRUs and / or wider bandwidths as described herein.
[0034] In some implementations, apparatus 510 may also include a transceiver 516 coupled to processor 512. Transceiver 516 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. In some implementations, apparatus 520 may also include a transceiver 526 coupled to processor 522. Transceiver 526 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. It is noteworthy that, although transceiver 516 and transceiver 526 are illustrated as being external to and separate from processor 512 and processor 522, respectively, in some implementations, transceiver 516 may be an integral part of processor 512 as a system on chip (SoC) and / or transceiver 526 may be an integral part of processor 522 as a SoC.
[0035] In some implementations, apparatus 510 may further include a memory 514 coupled to processor 512 and capable of being accessed by processor 512 and storing data therein. In some implementations, apparatus 520 may further include a memory 524 coupled to processor 522 and capable of being accessed by processor 522 and storing data therein. Each of memory 514 and memory 524 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) and / or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 514 and memory 524 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 514 and memory 524 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) and / or phase-change memory.
[0036] Each of apparatus 510 and apparatus 520 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, a description of capabilities of apparatus 510, as STA 110, and apparatus 520, as STA 120, is provided below in the context of process 600. It is noteworthy that, although a detailed description of capabilities, functionalities and / or technical features of apparatus 510 is provided below, the same may be applied to apparatus 520 although a detailed description thereof is not provided solely in the interest of brevity. It is also noteworthy that, although the example implementations described below are provided in the context of WLAN, the same may be implemented in other types of networks. Illustrative Processes
[0037] FIG. 6 illustrates an example process 600 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 600 may represent an aspect of implementing various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above. More specifically, process 600 may represent an aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes pertaining to enabling MU-MIMO with UEQM in wireless communications in accordance with the present disclosure. Process 600 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 600 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 600 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 6 or, alternatively, in a different order. Furthermore, one or more of the blocks / sub-blocks of process 600 may be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 600 may be implemented by or in apparatus 510 and apparatus 520 as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limiting the scope, process 600 is described below in the context of apparatus 510 implemented in or as STA 110 and apparatus 520 implemented in or as STA 120 of a wireless network such as a WLAN in network environment 60 in accordance with one or more of IEEE 802.11 standards. Process 600 may begin at block 610.
[0038] At 610, process 600 may involve processor 512 of apparatus 510 (e.g., STA 110) generating a PPDU. Process 600 may proceed from 610 to 620.
[0039] At 620, process 600 may involve processor 512 performing, via transceiver 516, a MU-MIMO transmission of the PPDU. In performing the MU-MIMO transmission, process 600 may involve processor 512 performing the MU-MIMO transmission with signaling that indicates whether the MU-MIMO transmission is performed with an UEQM.
[0040] In some implementations, in performing the MU-MIMO transmission, process 600 may involve processor 512 coding the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM by using LDPC only.
[0041] In some implementations, in performing the MU-MIMO transmission, process 600 may involve processor 512 performing the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM on a full bandwidth.
[0042] In some implementations, in performing the MU-MIMO transmission, process 600 may involve processor 512 performing the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM on a punctured channel.
[0043] In some implementations, in performing the MU-MIMO transmission, process 600 may involve processor 512 performing the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM on OFDMA. In some implementations, in performing the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM on the OFDMA, process 600 may involve processor 512 performing the MU-MIMO transmission on a single RU or MRU with a number of tones greater than or equal to 242, greater than or equal to 484, or greater than or equal to 484 + 242.
[0044] In some implementations, in performing the MU-MIMO transmission, process 600 may involve processor 512 performing the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM with two bits of a User field of the PPDU indicating an EQM or the UEQM. In some implementations, responsive to the two bits indicating the UEQM, the two bits may also indicate one of three QAM patterns for the UEQM.
[0045] In some implementations, in performing the MU-MIMO transmission, process 600 may involve processor 512 performing the MU-MIMO transmission with coding of two times (2x) LDPC as a default. In some implementations, two bits of a User field of the PPDU may indicate one of four quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) patterns for the UEQM.
[0046] In some implementations, in performing the MU-MIMO transmission, process 600 may involve processor 512 performing the MU-MIMO transmission with a User field of the PPDU having 24 bits in length. In some implementations, one bit of a User field of the PPDU indicates an EQM or the UEQM, and two other bits of the User field may indicate a QAM pattern for the UEQM. Additional Notes
[0047] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0048] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0049] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0050] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:generating, by a processor of an apparatus, a physical-layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) ; andperforming, by the processor, a multi-user multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) transmission of the PPDU,wherein the MU-MIMO transmission comprises signaling indicating whether the MU-MIMO transmission is performed with an unequal modulation (UEQM) .2.The method of Claim 1, wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission comprises coding the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM by using low-density parity-check (LDPC) only.3.The method of Claim 1, wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission comprises performing the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM on a full bandwidth.4.The method of Claim 1, wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission comprises performing the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM on a punctured channel.5.The method of Claim 1, wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission comprises performing the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM on orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) .6.The method of Claim 5, wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM on the OFDMA comprises performing the MU-MIMO transmission on a single resource unit (RU) or multi-RU (MRU) with a number of tones greater than or equal to 242, greater than or equal to 484, or greater than or equal to 484 + 242.7.The method of Claim 1, wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission comprises performing the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM with two bits of a User field of the PPDU indicating an equal modulation (EQM) or the UEQM.8.The method of Claim 7, wherein, responsive to the two bits indicating the UEQM, the two bits also indicate one of three quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) patterns for the UEQM.9.The method of Claim 1, wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission comprises performing the MU-MIMO transmission with coding of two times (2x) low-density parity-check (LDPC) as a default.10.The method of Claim 9, wherein two bits of a User field of the PPDU indicate one of four quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) patterns for the UEQM.11.The method of Claim 1, wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission comprises performing the MU-MIMO transmission with a User field of the PPDU having 24 bits in length.12.The method of Claim 11, wherein one bit of a User field of the PPDU indicates an equal modulation (EQM) or the UEQM, and wherein two other bits of the User field indicate a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) pattern for the UEQM.13.An apparatus, comprising:a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly; anda processor coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform operations comprising:generating a physical-layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) ; andperforming, via the transceiver, a multi-user multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) transmission of the PPDU,wherein the MU-MIMO transmission comprises signaling indicating whether the MU-MIMO transmission is performed with an unequal modulation (UEQM) .14.The apparatus of Claim 13, wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission comprises coding the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM by using low-density parity-check (LDPC) only.15.The apparatus of Claim 13, wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission comprises performing the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM on a full bandwidth.16.The apparatus of Claim 13, wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission comprises performing the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM on a punctured channel.17.The apparatus of Claim 13, wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission comprises performing the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM on orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) , and wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM on the OFDMA comprises performing the MU-MIMO transmission on a single resource unit (RU) or multi-RU (MRU) with a number of tones greater than or equal to 242, greater than or equal to 484, or greater than or equal to 484 + 242.18.The apparatus of Claim 13, wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission comprises performing the MU-MIMO transmission with the UEQM with two bits of a User field of the PPDU indicating an equal modulation (EQM) or the UEQM, and wherein, responsive to the two bits indicating the UEQM, the two bits also indicate one of three quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) patterns for the UEQM.19.The apparatus of Claim 13, wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission comprises performing the MU-MIMO transmission with coding of two times (2x) low-density parity-check (LDPC) as a default, and wherein two bits of a User field of the PPDU indicate one of four quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) patterns for the UEQM.20.The apparatus of Claim 13, wherein the performing of the MU-MIMO transmission comprises performing the MU-MIMO transmission with a User field of the PPDU having 24 bits in length, and wherein one bit of a User field of the PPDU indicates an equal modulation (EQM) or the UEQM, and wherein two other bits of the User field indicate a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) pattern for the UEQM.