Channel access method
The proposed channel access method addresses random access resource configuration and failure handling for A-IoT devices, enabling efficient integration into 3GPP systems and reducing maintenance costs while minimizing interference.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ESSEN INNOVATION CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing 3GPP IoT technologies lack efficient methods for network nodes to configure random access resources for ultra-low complexity and power consumption devices, particularly in A-IoT devices, and fail to handle random access failures effectively.
A channel access method for IoT devices and network nodes that involves receiving and transmitting device-to-reader and reader-to-device messages within specific time and frequency windows, with mechanisms for re-access in case of failures, using TDMA or FDMA-based resource allocation.
Enables seamless integration of A-IoT devices into 3GPP systems, supporting large-scale deployment of low-complexity, ultra-low-power devices, reducing maintenance costs, and minimizing interference with existing networks.
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Figure CN2025133650_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
CHANNEL ACCESS METHODBACKGROUND OF DISCLOSURE1. Field of Disclosure
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication systems, and more particularly, to a channel access method over internet of things (IoT) interface. 2. Description of Related Art
[0002] A study item of RAN on Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in 3GPP has been discussed under the framework of 3GPP system. The study focused on ultra-low complexity A-IoT devices with ultra-low power consumption for the very-low end IoT applications, wherein the A-IoT devices can harvest energy from incident signals of ambient excitation sources. A-IoT devices distinguish themselves from existing 3GPP IoT technologies e.g., NB-IoT, LTE-M, RedCap, etc., in terms of lower complexity and power consumption with orders-of-magnitude.
[0003] Three types of A-IoT devices with energy storage capability were identified in 3GPP following terminologies: 1. Device 1: Exhibits a peak power consumption of approximately 1 μW, incorporates energy storage, and has an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10X ppm. It lacks both downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) amplification, and its uplink transmissions are generated by backscattering an externally provided carrier wave. 2. Device 2a: Demonstrates a peak power consumption of a few hundred μW or less, includes energy storage, and has an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10X ppm. It features DL and / or UL amplification, and its uplink transmissions are generated by backscattering an externally provided carrier wave. 3. Device 2b: Exhibits a peak power consumption of a few hundred μW or less, incorporates energy storage, and has an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10X ppm. It features DL and / or UL amplification, and its uplink transmissions are generated internally by the device.
[0004] The device-to-reader (D2R) transmission of Device 1 and Device 2a relies on the backscattering on carrier wave signals provided externally from a carrier wave source node, and the transmission of D2R signal from Device 2b is internally generated with active RF components embedded within the device.Technical Problem:
[0005] A network node must indicate or configure random access resources for both contention-based and contention-free random access, enabling an A-IoT device to determine the time and frequency resources for message transmission during a random access procedure.
[0006] It is essential to define whether Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) -based or Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) -based message transmission is used, along with the corresponding resource allocation scheme, to support multiplexed transmission by a group of A-IoT devices during a random access procedure.
[0007] Solutions are required to handle random access failure, including mechanisms to allocate resources for channel re-access, ensuring a reader can successfully complete an inventory procedure. Hence, a channel access method over internet of things (IoT) interface is desirable.SUMMARY
[0008] An object of the present disclosure is to propose a channel access method over internet of things (IoT) interface.
[0009] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a channel access method in a random access procedure for execution by an Internet of things (IoT) device over an IoT interface, comprising: receiving a paging message for triggering a random access procedure from a network node; transmitting a first device-to-reader IoT message at a determined resource location to the network node; monitoring a first reader-to-device IoT message from the network node within a time window in response to the first device-to-reader IoT message; determining whether the random access procedure is successful according to a detection result of the first reader-to-device IoT message; transmitting a second device-to-reader IoT message to the network node if the random access procedure is successful; monitoring a second reader-to-device IoT message from the network node within a time window in response to the second device-to-reader IoT message; determining whether the second device-to-reader IoT message fails to be received by the network node according to a detection result of the second reader-to-device IoT message; receiving, from the network node, another paging message for triggering another random access procedure; and determining whether to transmit another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node to perform channel re-access.
[0010] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a channel access method in a random access procedure over an Internet of things (IoT) interface for execution by a network node, comprising: transmitting a paging message for triggering a random access procedure to an IoT device; detecting a first device-to-reader IoT message at a determined resource location from the IoT device; determining whether to transmit a first reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device according to a result of detecting the first device-to-reader IoT message, wherein the first reader-to-device IoT message signifies that the random access procedure is successful; transmitting the first reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device if the network node successfully detects the first device-to-reader IoT message; detecting a second device-to-reader IoT message from the IoT device in response to the first reader-to-device IoT message; determining whether to transmit a second reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device according to a result of detecting the second device-to-reader IoT message; transmitting the second reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device if the determining whether to transmit the second reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device is positive; determining whether to transmit, to the IoT device, another paging message for triggering another random access procedure; and transmitting the another paging message to the IoT device if the determining whether to transmit the another paging message to the IoT device is positive.
[0011] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides an internet of things (IoT) device comprising a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the disclosed method.
[0012] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a base station comprising a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the disclosed method.
[0013] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a user equipment (UE) comprising a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the disclosed method.
[0014] The disclosed method may be programmed as computer executable instructions stored in non-transitory computer readable medium. The non-transitory computer readable medium, when loaded to a computer, directs a processor of the computer to execute the disclosed method.
[0015] The non-transitory computer readable medium may comprise at least one from a group consisting of: a hard disk, a CD-ROM, an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, a Read Only Memory, a Programmable Read Only Memory, an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, EPROM, an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory and a Flash memory.
[0016] The disclosed method may be programmed as a computer program product, that causes a computer to execute the disclosed method.
[0017] The disclosed method may be programmed as a computer program, that causes a computer to execute the disclosed method.Advantageous Effects
[0018] Integration of A-IoT communications into the 3GPP system enables: -Deployment of tens to hundreds of billions of small-sized, low-complexity, ultra-low-power A-IoT devices, unlocking new markets, diverse applications, and enhanced productivity, efficiency, and quality of life. -Full realization of key A-IoT use cases while reducing maintenance costs and mitigating environmental impact by eliminating the need for manual battery replacement or recharging. -Seamless coexistence with the 3GPP network, minimizing severe interference and simplifying interference management between A-IoT and 3GPP devices.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or related art, the following figures will be described in the embodiments are briefly introduced. It is obvious that the drawings are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, a person having ordinary skill in this field may obtain other figures according to these figures without paying the premise.
[0020] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view showing an A-IoT system topology 1.
[0021] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic view showing an A-IoT system topology 2.
[0022] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic view showing an A-IoT system topology 3.
[0023] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic view showing an A-IoT system topology 4.
[0024] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic view showing an A-IoT system.
[0025] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic view showing a Msg0 triggered 3-step and 4-step random access scheme.
[0026] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic view showing Msg0-triggered 1-step and 2-step random access scheme.
[0027] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic view showing an embodiment of the disclosed channel access method over internet of things (IoT) interface.
[0028] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic view showing another embodiment of the disclosed method at the immediate node side.
[0029] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic view showing an example of an A-IoT device.
[0030] FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic view showing an example of a user equipment (UE) .
[0031] FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic view showing an example of a base station.
[0032] FIG. 13 illustrates a schematic view showing a chip or executing the disclosed method in an A-IoT device.
[0033] FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic view showing a chip or executing the disclosed method in a UE.
[0034] FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic view showing a chip or executing the disclosed method in a base station.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0035] Embodiments of the disclosure are described in detail with the technical matters, structural features, achieved objects, and effects with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows. Specifically, the terminologies in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely for describing the purpose of the certain embodiment, but not to limit the disclosure. In this disclosure, the term " / " should be interpreted to indicate "and / or. "
[0036] This disclosure focuses on configuration, scheduling scheme, and related procedures for A-IoT related signal transmission, including carrier wave signal, R2D signal, and D2R signal.
[0037] Two general connectivity topologies in the following are considered in 3GPP and adopted in the description for A-IoT networks operating in indoor or outdoor scenarios, including BS in connection with Ambient IoT device and BS connected with Ambient IoT device through intermediate node. The bi-directional arrow symbol represents a connection between two entities.
[0038] TS 38.848 considers four general connectivity topologies for A-IoT networks operating in indoor or outdoor scenarios: 1 Direct connection between base station and Ambient IoT device. 2 Connection through an intermediate node between base station and Ambient IoT device. 3 Connection involving base station, assisting node, and Ambient IoT device with base station. 4 Direct connection between user equipment and Ambient IoT device. Note that the bi-directional arrow symbol represents a connection between two entities. 1 Topology 1:
[0039] With reference to FIG. 1, in Topology 1, the Ambient IoT device directly and bidirectionally communicates with a base station. In this topology, a carrier wave can be provided to an A-IoT device (e.g., A-IoT device 60a) from the BS or from an external carrier wave source node outside of Topology 1. 2 Topology 2:
[0040] With reference to FIG. 2, in Topology 2, the Ambient IoT device communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the Ambient IoT device and base station. In this topology, a carrier wave can be provided to the A-IoT device from the intermediate node or from an external carrier source node outside of Topology 2. 3 Topology 3:
[0041] With reference to FIG. 3, in Topology 3, the Ambient IoT device transmits data / signaling to a base station and receives data / signaling from the assisting node; or the Ambient IoT device receives data / signaling from a base station and transmits data / signaling to the assisting node. 4 Topology 4:
[0042] With reference to FIG. 4, in Topology 4, the Ambient IoT device communicates bidirectionally with a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) .
[0043] For Topology 2, the intermediate node supports both of A-IoT air interface as well as a 3GPP air interface, the intermediate node can be a 3GPP node of relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) , UE, repeater, etc. That is, direction communication between base station (BS) and the 3GPP node using 3GPP protocols via existing 3GPP interfaces, e.g., Uu, PC5, etc., is possible.
[0044] In Topology 2, the intermediate node is designed to support both an A-IoT air interface and a 3GPP air interface. This intermediate node can function as various 3GPP nodes, such as a relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) unit, user equipment (UE) , or repeater. This dual capability means that direction communication between the base station (BS) and the 3GPP node is possible, using 3GPP protocols via 3GPP interfaces, such as Uu or PC5.
[0045] With reference to FIG. 5, a telecommunication system including a UE 10a, a base station 20a, a base station 20b, and a network entity device 30 executes the disclosed method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is shown for illustrative, not limiting, and the system may comprise more UEs, BSs, and CN entities. Connections between devices and device components are shown as lines and arrows in the FIGs. The UE 10a may include a processor 11a, a memory 12a, and a transceiver 13a. The base station 20a may include a processor 21a, a memory 22a, and a transceiver 23a. The base station 20b may include a processor 21b, a memory 22b, and a transceiver 23b. The network entity device 30 may include a processor 31, a memory 32, and a transceiver 33. Each of the processors 11a, 21a, 21b, and 31 may be configured to implement the proposed functions, procedures, and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processors 11a, 21a, 21b, and 31. Each of the memory 12a, 22a, 22b, and 32 operatively stores a variety of programs and information to operate a connected processor. Each of the transceivers 13a, 23a, 23b, and 33 is operatively coupled with a connected processor, and transmits and / or receives a radio signal. Each of the base stations 20a and 20b may be an eNB, a gNB, or one of other radio nodes.
[0046] Each of the processors 11a, 21a, 21b, and 31 may include a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU) , application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , other chipsets, logic circuits and / or data processing devices. Each of the memory 12a, 22a, 22b, and 32 may include read-only memory (ROM) , a random-access memory (RAM) , a flash memory, a memory card, a storage medium and / or other storage devices. Each of the transceivers 13a, 23a, 23b, and 33 may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules, procedures, functions, entities and so on, that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in a memory and executed by the processors. The memory can be implemented within a processor or external to the processor, in which those can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means are known in the art.
[0047] The network entity device 30 may be a node in a CN. CN may include LTE CN or 5GC which may include user plane function (UPF) , session management function (SMF) , access and mobility management function (AMF) , unified data management (UDM) , policy control function (PCF) , control plane (CP) / user plane (UP) separation (CUPS) , authentication server (AUSF) , network slice selection function (NSSF) , and the network exposure function (NEF) .
[0048] With reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 10, the A-IoT device 60a may include a logical circuit 11a, a memory 12a, and a transceiver 13a. The logical circuit 11a is configured to call and run an A-IoT function, to cause A-IoT device 60a in which the logical circuit 11a is installed to execute the disclosed method, steps, and / or functions of an A-IoT device. The transceiver 13a may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
[0049] An example of A-IoT device in the description may include A-IoT device 60a. An example of the UE in the description may include one of the UE 10a or UE 10b. An example of the base station or gNB in the description may include the base station 20a. The term “resource” unless otherwise specified may be interpreted as radio resources in time domain and / or frequency domain.
[0050] Embodiments of the invention are detailed in the following:
[0051] In the following embodiments, the network node refers to any existing or future node specified in a 3GPP network that operates within the A-IoT topology or architecture. These network nodes support at least some 3GPP protocols through wired or wireless connections. Such nodes include gNBs, user equipment (UE) , relay nodes, integrated access and backhaul nodes (IAB) , A-IoT devices with partial 3GPP protocol support, intermediate nodes, and assisting nodes.
[0052] With reference to FIG. 8, a network node 40 (e.g., BS 20a, UE 10a, UE 10b, or an external network node) and at least one A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) performs an embodiment of the a channel access method in a random access procedure over an Internet of things (IoT) interface, with backscatter communication enabled device-to-reader signal transmission The A-IoT device 60a in the schematic diagram may comprise one or more than one A-IoT device. Examples of the external network node may comprise an intermediate node in Topologies 1 / 2. Step A001: The network node 40 transmits a paging message to A-IoT device 60a. Step A002: The A-IoT device 60a receives the paging message from the network node. Step A003: The A-IoT device 60a determines a resource location for transmission of a first device-to-reader IoT signal according to the paging message. Step A004: The A-IoT device 60a transmits the first device-to-reader IoT signal at the determined resource location to the network node 40. Step A004a: The A-IoT device 60a determines a time window for monitoring a first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission from the network node 40 in response to the first device-to-reader IoT signal. Step A005: The network node 40 determines a resource location for reception of the first device-to-reader IoT signal. The network node 40 receives the first device-to-reader IoT signal at the determined resource location from the A-IoT device 60a. Step A006: The network node 40 transmits a first reader-to-device IoT signal to the A-IoT device 60a in response to the first device-to-reader IoT signal. Step A007: The A-IoT device 60a receives the first reader-to-device IoT signal from the network node 40. Step A008: The A-IoT device 60a determines a resource location for transmission of a second device-to-reader IoT signal to the network node 40 according to the first reader-to-device IoT signal. Step A009: The A-IoT device 60a transmits the second device-to-reader IoT signal to the network node 40. Step A010: The network node 40 determines a resource location for reception of a second device-to-reader IoT signal from the A-IoT device 60a. The network node 40 receives the second device-to-reader IoT signal at the determined resource location for reception of the second device-to-reader IoT signal from the A-IoT device 60a.
[0053] In one or more embodiments, the paging message includes information of a total number of access occasions for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0054] In one or more embodiments, the paging message includes scheduling information, and the scheduling information includes an indication of a number of available time-domain resources triggered by the paging message for the IoT device 60a to determine a time-domain resource location for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0055] In one or more embodiments, the paging message includes scheduling information, and the scheduling information includes an indication of a number of available frequency-domain resources triggered by the paging message for the IoT device 60a to determine a frequency-domain resource location for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0056] In one or more embodiments, a starting point of a determined time-domain resource location for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal is derived based on a time offset value relative to an ending point of a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission carrying the paging message, wherein the ending point of R2D transmission aligns with an ending point of a chip duration.
[0057] In one or more embodiments, a starting point of a determined time-domain resource location for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal is derived based on a time offset relative to an ending point of reader-to-device (R2D) transmission carrying the paging message, wherein the ending point of R2D transmission aligns with an ending point of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol.
[0058] In one or more embodiments, a starting point of a determined time-domain resource location is derived based on a time offset relative to an ending point of reader-to-device (R2D) transmission carrying the paging message, wherein the time offset value is an integer multiple of a chip length.
[0059] In one or more embodiments, the number of available frequency-domain resources is expressed as a number of available frequency shift ratios, wherein the number of available frequency shift ratios is a power of 2.
[0060] In one or more embodiments, each value of the available frequency shift ratios is expressed as a power of 2.
[0061] In one or more embodiments, a frequency-domain resource location is derived by shifting a center frequency of the first device-to-reader IoT signal to a frequency-domain resource location according to a given frequency shift ratio.
[0062] In one or more embodiments, the shifting the center frequency of the first device-to-reader IoT signal to a frequency-domain resource location is realized by applying frequency modulation to a waveform used for generating the first device-to-reader IoT signal according to a given frequency shift ratio.
[0063] In one or more embodiments, a starting point of a determined time-domain resource location for transmission of the first device-to-reader IoT signal corresponds to a starting point of a device-to-reader preamble which is followed by a PDRCH carrying a first device-to-reader IoT message of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0064] In one or more embodiments, a length of the first device-to-reader IoT signal is determined based on a length of a device-to-reader preamble associated with a PDRCH carrying a first device-to-reader IoT message of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0065] In one or more embodiments, a length of the first device-to-reader IoT signal is determined based on a length of a device-to-reader midamble associated with a PDRCH carrying a first device-to-reader IoT message of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0066] In one or more embodiments, the length of the device-to-reader preamble is indicated in the paging message.
[0067] In one or more embodiments, the length of the device-to-reader midamble is indicated in the paging message.
[0068] In one or more embodiments, the number of the device-to-reader midamble being inserted to the PDRCH is determined from an indication in the paging message.
[0069] In one or more embodiments, the paging message indicates more than one time domain access occasion triggered by the paging message, and a time gap is inserted between consecutive time domain access occasions.
[0070] In one or more embodiments, the paging message includes an indication indicating whether a contention-based or contention-free random access scheme is initiated.
[0071] In one or more embodiments, the paging message includes an indication indicating a contention-based random access scheme is initiated, and the paging message provides scheduling information for the IoT device 60a to select a resource location among more than one resource locations according to a TDMA and FDMA based multiplexing scheme for transmission of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0072] In one or more embodiments, the paging message includes an indication indicating a contention-free random access scheme is initiated, and the paging message provides a frequency shift ratio value for the IoT device 60a to determine a frequency-domain resource location and performs an FDMA based multiplexing scheme for transmission of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0073] In one or more embodiments, the IoT device 60a determines a time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission according to an indication carried in the paging message.
[0074] In one or more embodiments, the IoT device 60a determines a time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission based on a random-access-relevant parameter regarding a number of access occasions associated with a paging message.
[0075] In one or more embodiments, the IoT device 60a determines a starting point of a time window for monitoring a first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission based on a time offset relative to an ending point of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0076] In one or more embodiments, a frequency range used for the IoT device 60a to monitor the first reader-to-device IoT signal is the same as a frequency range used for the IoT device 60a to receive the paging message.
[0077] In one or more embodiments, a time and frequency-domain resource structure is used for each access occasion for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0078] In one or more embodiments, the IoT device 60a determines the resource location for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal based on a random number generated by the IoT device 60a for mapping to an access occasion among a number of access occasions provided by the paging message.
[0079] In one or more embodiments, the first reader-to-device IoT signal includes response information to more than one TDMA-based or FDMA-based first device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.
[0080] In one or more embodiments, the first reader-to-device IoT signal includes an ID identical to a random ID selected by the IoT device 60a and transmitted in the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0081] In one or more embodiments, the first reader-to-device IoT signal is received from TDM-based first reader-to-device IoT signal transmissions.
[0082] In one or more embodiments, the IoT device 60a monitors the TDM-based first reader-to-device IoT signal transmissions in a monitoring time window.
[0083] In one or more embodiments, a parameter related to a starting point or an ending point of the monitoring time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal is provided in the paging message.
[0084] In one or more embodiments, the random ID is transmitted in the first device-to-reader IoT signal using a frequency-domain resource obtained by frequency shifting a carrier wave frequency.
[0085] In one or more embodiments, the first reader-to-device IoT signal carries a PRDCH, and the PRDCH includes response information for more than one detected random IDs carried in respective more than one first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0086] In one or more embodiments, the more than one first device-to-reader IoT signal is transmitted in an FDMA-based or TDMA-based multiplexing scheme.
[0087] In one or more embodiments, a length of the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission is derived from the paging message.
[0088] In one or more embodiments, a starting point of the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission is determined by an ending point of the first device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.
[0089] In one or more embodiments, an ending point of the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission is determined based on the paging message.
[0090] In one or more embodiments, the time window covers one or more than one PRDCH and corresponding preambles and postambles associated with the first reader-to-device IoT signal.
[0091] In one or more embodiments, a number of time-domain resource available for transmitting the second device-to-reader IoT signal is smaller than a number of time-domain resource available for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0092] In one or more embodiments, a time-domain resource location for transmitting the second device-to-reader IoT signal is determined based on an ending point of the first reader-to-device IoT signal and a time offset value relative to the ending point of the first reader-to-device IoT signal.
[0093] In one or more embodiments, , the ending point of the first reader-to-device IoT signal corresponds to an ending point of a postamble associated with a PRDCH carrying a first reader-to-device IoT message of the first reader-to-device IoT signal.
[0094] In one or more embodiments, the ending point of the first reader-to-device IoT signal aligns with an ending point of a chip duration.
[0095] In one or more embodiments, the ending point of the first reader-to-device IoT signal aligns with an ending point of an OFDM symbol.
[0096] In one or more embodiments, the time offset value is an integer multiple of a chip length.
[0097] In one or more embodiments, a time offset value used for determining a time-domain resource location for transmission of the second device-to-reader IoT signal is the same as a time offset value used for determining a time-domain resource location for transmission of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0098] In one or more embodiments, a starting point of a determined time-domain resource location for transmission of the second device-to-reader IoT signal corresponds to a starting point of a device-to-reader preamble which is followed by a PDRCH carrying a second device-to-reader IoT message of the second device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0099] In one or more embodiments, a frequency-domain resource location for transmission of the first device-to-reader IoT signal is determined based on a reference frequency and a frequency shift ratio value.
[0100] In one or more embodiments, the reference frequency is a carrier frequency used for transmission of carrier wave signals.
[0101] In one or more embodiments, a frequency-domain resource location for transmission of the second device-to-reader IoT signal is indicated in a first reader-to-device message carried in the first reader-to-device IoT signal.
[0102] In one or more embodiments, the first reader-to-device message includes an indication of a frequency shift ratio value for an FDMA-based second device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.
[0103] In one or more embodiments, more than one frequency-domain resource for FDMA-based second device-to-reader IoT signal transmissions in response to more than one detected first device-to-reader message carried in respective first device-to-reader IoT signals are indicated in a first reader-to-device message carried in the first reader-to-device IoT signal.
[0104] In one or more embodiments, a frequency-domain resource location for transmission of the second device-to-reader IoT signal is determined based on a frequency-domain resource location for transmission of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0105] In one or more embodiments, the first device-to-reader IoT signal carries device type or capability related information associated with the IoT device 60a.
[0106] In one or more embodiments, the second device-to-reader IoT signal carries device type or capability related information associated with the IoT device 60a.
[0107] In one or more embodiments, the first device-to-reader IoT signal carries packet size related information associated with the IoT device 60a.
[0108] In one or more embodiments, the second device-to-reader IoT signal carries packet size related information associated with the IoT device 60a.
[0109] In one or more embodiments, the first device-to-reader IoT signal carries available energy related information associated with the IoT device 60a.
[0110] In one or more embodiments, the second device-to-reader IoT signal carries available energy related information associated with the IoT device 60a.
[0111] In one or more embodiments, the network node 40 is a base station (e.g., BS 200 or 20a) or a UE (e.g., UE100, 10a, or 10b) ; and if the network node 40 is a UE (e.g., UE100, 10a, or 10b) , the UE receives, from a serving base station (e.g., BS 200 or 20a) , resource scheduling information for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.
[0112] In one or more embodiments, the network node 40 is a base station (e.g., BS 200 or 20a) or a UE (e.g., UE100, 10a, or 10b) ; and if the network node 40 is a UE (e.g., UE100, 10a, or 10b) , the IoT device 60a receives, from the UE, dedicated resource scheduling information for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission, and the dedicated resource scheduling information is derived from resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) .
[0113] In one or more embodiments, the resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) includes one or more than one semi-statically configured resource.
[0114] In one or more embodiments, each one of the one or more than one semi-statically configured resource has corresponding periodicity of a specific length for the UE to schedule reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.
[0115] In one or more embodiments, the resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) includes one or more than one dynamically scheduled resource.
[0116] In one or more embodiments, the UE requests one or more resources for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission by transmitting one or more scheduling request to the serving base station.
[0117] With reference to FIG. 9, a network node 40 (e.g., BS 20a, UE 10a, UE 10b, or an external network node) and at least one A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) performs an embodiment of the a channel access method in a random access procedure over an Internet of things (IoT) interface, with backscatter communication enabled device-to-reader signal transmission The A-IoT device 60a in the schematic diagram may comprise one or more than one A-IoT device. Examples of the external network node may comprise an intermediate node in Topologies 1 / 2. Step B001: The network node 40 transmits a paging message for triggering a random access procedure to an A-IoT device 60a. Step B002: The A-IoT device 60a receives the paging message from the network node 40. Step B003: The A-IoT device 60a transmits a first device-to-reader IoT message at a determined resource location to the network node 40. Step B004: The network node 40 detects the first device-to-reader IoT message at a determined resource location from the A-IoT device 60a. Step B005: The network node 40 determines whether to transmit a first reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device according to a result of detecting the first device-to-reader IoT message, wherein the first reader-to-device IoT message signifies that the random access procedure is successful. Step B006: The A-IoT device 60a monitors the first reader-to-device IoT message from the network node 40 within a time window in response to the first device-to-reader IoT message. Step B007: The A-IoT device 60a determines whether the random access is successful according to a detection result of the first reader-to-device IoT message. Step B008: The A-IoT device 60a transmits a second device-to-reader IoT message to the network node 40 if the random access is successful. Step B009: The network node 40detects a second device-to-reader IoT message from the IoT device in response to the first reader-to-device IoT message; . Step B010: The network node 40 determines whether to transmit a second reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device according to a result of detecting the second device-to-reader IoT message. The network node 40 transmits the second reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device if the determining whether to transmit the second reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device is positive. Step B011: The A-IoT device 60a monitors the second reader-to-device IoT message from the network node 40 within a time window in response to the second device-to-reader IoT message. Step B012: The A-IoT device 60a determines whether the second device-to-reader IoT message fails to be received by the network node 40 according to a detection result of the second reader-to-device IoT message. Step B013: The network node 40 determines whether to transmit, to the IoT device, another paging message for triggering another random access procedure. The network node 40 transmits the another paging message to the IoT device if the determining whether to transmit the another paging message to the IoT device is positive. Step B014: The A-IoT device 60a receives, from the network node 40, the another paging message for triggering another random access procedure. Step B015: The A-IoT device 60a determines whether to transmit another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node to perform channel re-access. Step B016: The network node 40 receives the another first device-to-reader IoT message from the A-IoT device 60a that performs channel re-access.
[0118] In one or more embodiments, the IoT device 60a determines the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission according to an indication carried in the paging message.
[0119] In one or more embodiments, the IoT device 60a determines a starting point of the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission based on a time offset relative to an ending point of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0120] In one or more embodiments, the IoT device 60a determines the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal based on a random-access-relevant parameter regarding a number of access occasions associated with the paging message.
[0121] In one or more embodiments, a length of the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal is derived from the paging message.
[0122] In one or more embodiments, the IoT device 60a determines the random access procedure is successful if the IoT device 60a detects the first reader-to-device IoT message associated with the IoT device 60a within the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal.
[0123] In one or more embodiments, if the IoT device 60a determines the random access procedure is successful and if the IoT device 60as determines the second device-to-reader IoT message does not fail to be received by the network node 40, the IoT device 60a determines not to perform channel re-access via transmitting another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node 40 upon receiving another paging message for triggering another random access procedure from the network node 40.
[0124] In one or more embodiments, the IoT device 60a determines the random access procedure is not successful if the IoT device 60a does not detect the first reader-to-device IoT message associated with the IoT device 60a within the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT message.
[0125] In one or more embodiments, if the IoT device 60a determines the random access procedure is not successful, the IoT device 60a determines to perform channel re-access via transmitting another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node 40 upon receiving another paging message for triggering another random access procedure from the network node 40.
[0126] In one or more embodiments, the IoT device 60a determines the second device-to-reader IoT message fails to be received by the network node 40 if the IoT device 60a detects the second reader-to-device IoT message within the time window for monitoring the second reader-to-device IoT message.
[0127] In one or more embodiments, the second reader-to-device IoT message includes a NACK-based hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback in response to the second device-to-reader IoT message transmitted by the IoT device 60a.
[0128] In one or more embodiments, the second reader-to-device IoT message includes an ID associated with the IoT device 60a.
[0129] In one or more embodiments, the IoT device 60a determines an ending point of the time window for monitoring the second reader-to-device IoT message based on whether IoT data relevant information addressed for the IoT device 60a with an associated device ID is received by the IoT device 60a.
[0130] In one or more embodiments, the IoT device 60a determines the second device-to-reader IoT message is successful to be received by the network node 40 if the IoT device 60a does not detect the second reader-to-device IoT message within the time window for monitoring the second reader-to-device IoT message.
[0131] In one or more embodiments, the IoT device 60a determines the second device-to-reader IoT message is successful to be received by the network node 40 if the second reader-to-device IoT message is detected, and the second reader-to-device IoT message carries IoT data relevant information addressed for the IoT device 60a with an associated ID.
[0132] In one or more embodiments, the IoT data relevant information includes resource scheduling information for the IoT device 60a to transmit a physical device to reader channel (PDRCH) to the network node 40.
[0133] In one or more embodiments, the resource scheduling information provides a frequency-domain resource for frequency division multiple access (FDMA) -based PDRCH transmission.
[0134] In one or more embodiments, the IoT data relevant information includes a command carried in a physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) intended for reception by the IoT device 60a from the network node 40.
[0135] In one or more embodiments, the IoT device 60a determines the second device-to-reader IoT message fails to be received by the network node 40 if the IoT device 60a detects the second reader-to-device IoT message, wherein the second reader-to-device IoT message is another first reader-to-device IoT message in response to the first device-to-reader IoT message associated with the IoT device 60a.
[0136] In one or more embodiments, the another first reader-to-device IoT message includes an ID associated with the IoT device 60a, wherein the another first reader-to-device IoT message is used for requesting a retransmission of the second device-to-reader IoT message from the IoT device 60a.
[0137] In one or more embodiments, the another first reader-to-device IoT message includes resource scheduling information for the IoT device 60a to retransmit the second device-to-reader IoT message.
[0138] In one or more embodiments, the resource scheduling information provides a frequency-domain resource for retransmission of the second device-to-reader IoT message according to an FDMA-based transmission scheme.
[0139] In one or more embodiments, the another first reader-to-device IoT message includes more than one ID for responding to more than one first device-to-reader IoT message, wherein each one of the more than one first device-to-reader IoT message is associated with an IoT device 60a.
[0140] In one or more embodiments, if the IoT device 60a determines the second device-to-reader IoT message fails to be received by the network node 40, the IoT device 60a determines to perform channel re-access via transmitting another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node 40 upon receiving another paging message for triggering another random access procedure from the network node 40.
[0141] In one or more embodiments, if the IoT device 60a determines the second device-to-reader IoT message is successful to be received by the network node 40, the IoT device 60a determines not to perform channel re-access via transmitting another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node 40 upon receiving another paging message for triggering another random access procedure from the network node 40.
[0142] In one or more embodiments, the network node 40 is a base station (e.g., BS 200 or 20a) or a UE (e.g., UE100, 10a, or 10b) , and if the network node 40 is a UE (e.g., UE100, 10a, or 10b) , the UE receives, from a serving base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) , resource scheduling information for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.
[0143] In one or more embodiments, the network node 40 is a base station (e.g., BS 200 or 20a) or a UE (e.g., UE100, 10a, or 10b) ; and if the network node 40 is a UE (e.g., UE100, 10a, or 10b) , the IoT device 60a receives, from the UE, dedicated resource scheduling information for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission, and the dedicated resource scheduling information is derived from resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) .
[0144] In one or more embodiments, the resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) includes one or more than one semi-statically configured resource.
[0145] In one or more embodiments, each one of the one or more than one semi-statically configured resource has corresponding periodicity of a specific length for the UE to schedule reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.
[0146] In one or more embodiments, the resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) includes one or more than one dynamically scheduled resource .
[0147] In one or more embodiments, the UE requests one or more than one dynamically scheduled resource for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission by transmitting one or more scheduling requests to the serving base station.
[0148] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the IoT device determines the random access procedure is successful if the IoT device detects the first reader-to-device IoT message associated with the IoT device within the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal.
[0149] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, if the IoT device determines the random access procedure is successful and if the IoT devices determines the second device-to-reader IoT message does not fail to be received by the network node, the IoT device determines not to perform channel re-access via transmitting another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node upon receiving another paging message for triggering another random access procedure from the network node. With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, if the network node determines the random access procedure is successful and if the detection of the second device-to-reader IoT message by the network node is successful, the network node refrains from transmitting another paging message to the IoT device for triggering another random access procedure.
[0150] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the IoT device determines the random access procedure is not successful if the IoT device does not detect the first reader-to-device IoT message associated with the IoT device within the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT message.
[0151] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the IoT device determines the second device-to-reader IoT message fails to be received by the network node if the IoT device detects the second reader-to-device IoT message within the time window for monitoring the second reader-to-device IoT message. With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, if the network node fails to detect the second device-to-reader IoT message, the network node determines to transmit the second reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device within a time window.
[0152] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the second reader-to-device IoT message includes a NACK-based hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback in response to the second device-to-reader IoT message transmitted by the IoT device.
[0153] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the IoT device determines the second device-to-reader IoT message is successful to be received by the network node if the IoT device does not detect the second reader-to-device IoT message within the time window for monitoring the second reader-to-device IoT message. With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, when the detection of the second device-to-reader IoT message by the network node is successful, the network node refrains from transmitting the second reader-to-device IoT message within a time window.
[0154] With the backscatter technology, an A-IoT device, i.e., Device 1 and Device 2a, acting as a backscatter transmitter can harvest energy from carrier wave signals transmitted by a carrier wave source node and then transmit its data by reflecting and modulating the received carrier wave signals to either the same carrier wave source node or another network entity acting as a backscatter receiver. In contrast, Device 2b internally generates, modulates, and transmits its carrier wave signal using active RF components.
[0155] In this description, a backscattered signal is defined as the reflected carrier wave transmitted by a backscatter transmitter (i.e., Device 1 or Device 2a) . An active signal is defined as the signal transmitted using active RF components (i.e., Device 2b) .
[0156] Since backscattered signal and active signal are transmitted from an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) to a reader, they are generalized as D2R signal or jointly indicated as backscattered / active signal. That is, D2R signal and backscattered / active signal are be used interchangeably in this description unless otherwise specified. The information carried in the backscattered / active signal can be encoded by adjusting amplitude, phase, or center frequency of an RF carrier, either received from the external carrier wave source node or an internally generated .
[0157] The backscatter technology can be categorized into three schemes: monostatic based, bistatic based, or ambient based schemes.
[0158] For monostatic based backscatter scheme, the carrier wave source node for transmitting carrier wave signals and the backscatter receiver for receiving backscattered signals are integrated into a single device, called the reader. For bistatic based backscatter scheme, the carrier wave source node for transmitting carrier wave signals and the backscatter receiver for receiving backscattered signals are physically separate entities For ambient based backscatter scheme, the excitation signals are received from ambient RF sources, e.g., cellular base stations, Wi-Fi APs, TV / Radio broadcast towers. Therefore, the A-IoT device can act as a backscatter transmitter to transmit backscattered signals directly to backscatter receivers without receiving excitation signals from a dedicated carrier wave source node.
[0159] Typical use cases of A-IoT procedures including inventory management (Inventory service) and command request (Command service) , which are associated with traffic types of device-originated-device-terminated triggered (DO-DTT) and device-terminated (DT) , respectively. The Inventory service uses a device identifier (ID) or a group ID to track the presence of an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) and to recognize A-IoT devices or count the number of A-IoT devices in a proximity area. Contention-based random-access procedure is suitable for Inventory service, wherein a group of devices can be triggered with a multi-cast or broadcast message transmitted from a reader to report of their identities. Command service utilizes a device ID to locate an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) and delivers a command to the A-IoT device, the device then executes the command requested by a reader. In this case, contention-free random-access scheme is more suitable for Command service.
[0160] Another A-IoT use case is proximity determination, where a reader can determine whether an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) is in its proximity during a random access procedure. This feature is useful for a network to know which base station (BS) or which intermediate node acting as a reader is closer to an A-IoT device and hence available for A-IoT operation, even if the reader is portable.
[0161] For clarity, following terminologies are used throughout the description: -An A-IoT interface: An A-IoT interface is a newly defined interface for applying A-IoT protocols of various layers in A-IoT services, between a network node and an A-IoT device, or between two A-IoT devices. -Physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) : A physical channel carrying data or control information from a reader to an A-IoT device is defined as PRDCH. -Reader-to-device (R2D) preamble: A preamble preceding a PRDCH is defined as R2D preamble. -R2D postamble: A postamble attached to the end of PRDCH is defined as an R2D postamble. -R2D signal: AAny signal transmitted from a reader to an A-IoT device, including the R2D preamble, PRDCH, R2D postamble, etc. The direction of transmitting an R2D signal is referred to as R2D link. -Physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) : A physical channel carrying data or control information from an A-IoT device to a reader is defined as PDRCH. -Device-to-reader (D2R) preamble: A preamble preceding a PDRCH is defined as D2R preamble. -D2R postamble: A postamble attached to the end of PDRCH is defined as an D2R postamble. -D2R signal: Any signal transmitted from an A-IoT device to a reader is defined as a D2R signal. The D2R signal includes D2R preamble, PDRCH, or D2R postamble, etc. the direction of transmitting D2R signal is referred to as D2R link.
[0162] The description focuses on resource allocation for the proposed random access schemes, including R2D and D2R signal transmissions during a random access procedure, as well as the interactive behavior between a network node and an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) .
[0163] The solution provides parameters, procedures, and schemes to indicate or configure random access resources for both contention-based and contention-free random access procedures. It further equips A-IoT devices with the means to determine whether Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) -based or Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) -based message transmission is employed, along with the specific resources allocated for multiplexed transmission. Additionally, it introduces parameters, procedures, and schemes to resolve random access failures, incorporating subsequent mechanisms for allocating resources to enable channel re-access.
[0164] Integrating A-IoT communications into the 3GPP system enables the deployment of tens to hundreds of billions of small-sized, low-complexity, ultra-low-power A-IoT devices. This unlocks new markets and diverse applications while enhancing productivity, efficiency, and quality of life. The approach fully realizes key A-IoT use cases, reduces maintenance costs, and mitigates environmental impact by eliminating the need for manual battery replacement or recharging. It also ensures seamless coexistence with the 3GPP network, minimizing severe interference and simplifying interference management between A-IoT and 3GPP devices.
[0165] In the following embodiments, depending on the used topology of Topology 1 or Topology 2, a network node can be any node that has been specified in a network architecture of 3GPP or will be specified under the Topology 1 / 2, which can support at least part of 3GPP protocols using wired or wireless connection. The network node can be a gNB (e.g., base station 20a) , a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) , a relay node, an IAB, an A-IoT device supporting part of existing 3GPP protocols, an intermediate node in Topology 2, an assisting node, an entity of 3GPP core network, etc. The network node can act as a reader to initiate an inventory procedure and get requested tag information from an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) .
[0166] For Topologies 1 / 2, parameter settings associated with R2D signal transmission over R2D link, D2R signal transmission over D2R link, or carrier wave signal transmission from a network node to an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) or from a carrier wave source node to an A-IoT device can be configured by the network node via an A-IoT air interface.
[0167] For Topology 2, BS (e.g., gNB, BS 20a, or BS 200) can forward information of parameter settings to an intermediate node via 3GPP interface, e.g., Uu interface. The information includes R2D signal transmission over R2D link, D2R signal transmission over D2R link, or carrier wave signal transmission from an intermediate node (e.g., UE) to an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) or from a carrier wave source node to an A-IoT device.
[0168] For Topologies 1 / 2, BS (e.g., gNB, BS 20a, or BS 200) or an intermediate node (e.g., gNB or UE) can exchange information of parameter settings with an external carrier wave source node via 3GPP or non-3GPP interface. The information includes configurations of an external carrier wave source node, such as activation of carrier wave signal transmission, generation scheme of carrier wave signal, or transmission scheme of carrier wave signal.
[0169] For a random-access scheme applied in Topologies 1or Topology 2, 1-step, 2-step, 3-step, or 4-step random access can be employed. A reader (e.g., any network node within Topologies 1 / 2) triggers an A-IoT application procedure or random-access procedure using Msg0.
[0170] In typical Msg0 triggered 4-step random access for A-IoT, messages are structured as follows. Note that information or associated functions carried in each message are subject to change in the following embodiments: ● Msg0: Reader triggers a procedure with trigger information for requesting triggered information from A-IoT device (s) . ● Msg1: A-IoT device sends an identifier (ID) to the reader, e.g., a random ID generated by the A-IoT device. ● Msg2: Reader echoes the ID received in Msg1. ● Msg3: A-IoT device sends Device ID and triggered information requested by Reader. ● Msg4: Reader responses to Msg 3.
[0171] In typical Msg0 triggered 3-step random access for A-IoT, messages are structured as follows. Note that information or associated functions carried in each message are subject to change in the following embodiments: ● Msg0: Reader triggers a procedure with trigger information for requesting triggered information from A-IoT device (s) . ● Msg1: A-IoT device sends an ID to the reader, e.g., a random ID generated by the A-IoT device. ● Msg2: Reader echoes the ID received in Msg1. ● Msg3: A-IoT device sends Device ID and triggered information requested by Reader.
[0172] In typical Msg0 triggered 2-step random access for A-IoT, messages are structured as follows. Note that information or associated functions carried in each message are subject to change in the following embodiments: ● Msg0: Reader triggers a procedure with trigger information for requesting triggered information from A-IoT device (s) . ● MsgA: A-IoT device sends Device ID and triggered information requested by Reader. ● MsgB: Reader response to MsgA.
[0173] In typical Msg0 triggered 1-step random access for A-IoT, messages are structured as follows. Note that information or associated functions carried in each message are subject to change in the following embodiments: ● Msg0: Reader triggers a procedure with trigger information for requesting triggered information from A-IoT device (s) . ● MsgA: A-IoT device sends Device ID and triggered information requested by Reader.
[0174] A message transmitted from a network node to an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) during a random-access procedure at least includes a R2D preamble, which may or may not be followed by a PRDCH.
[0175] A message transmitted from an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) to a network node during a random-access procedure at least includes a D2R preamble, which may or may not be followed by a PDRCH.
[0176] FIG. 6 illustrates Msg0 triggered 3-step and 4-step random access schemes. FIG. 7 illustrates Msg0 triggered 1-step and 2-step random access schemes. Wherein one or more than one A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can be triggered to perform contention-based or contention-free random access according to trigger information carried in Msg0.
[0177] In the following, unless otherwise specified, an access occasion refers to a time period allocated for one or more A-IoT devices (e.g., A-IoT device as shown in the FIGs) to access a channel; a random access scheme refers to a random access scheme used by the A-IoT device; a random access procedure refers to a random access procedure performed by the A-IoT device; an associated resource refers to a time or frequency-domain radio resource associated with the A-IoT device. In this context, the reader sends trigger information to initiate the procedure, and in response, the A-IoT device sends back triggered information. The triggered information is generated by the A-IoT device based on the reader's trigger information request.
[0178] Embodiment A: Msg1 / A resource allocation
[0179] A network node can provide one or more than one A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) with an instance of trigger information, e.g., paging message, to trigger D2R signal (s) being transmitted from one or more than one A-IoT device. The trigger information includes resource location relevant information for one or more A-IoT device to transmit Msg1 or Msg A. The trigger information can be carried in an R2D preamble or in a PRDCH carrying PHY layer control information, medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) , or radio resource control (RRC) information element (IE) . In the following, Msg1 is adopted as an example of D2R signal transmitted by an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) in response to trigger information.
[0180] Embodiment A-1: Format of trigger information.
[0181] A piece of trigger information, re-trigger information, or associated follow-up information, e.g., a repetition or continuation associated with previously transmitted trigger information, can be in the format of a message, a signal, control information or data information. For example, the message maybe represented by at least one of the following: ● A Massage 0 (Msg0) , ● A Message 2 (Msg2) , ● A query signal for an A-IoT procedure, e.g., an inventory procedure, ● A paging signal, ● A R2D command, ex. Querry or Querry repeat. ● Physical layer or higher layer control or data information carried in PRDCH. ● Control information for PRDCH or PDRCH scheduling. ● R2D preamble, or ● R2D preamble and PRDCH.
[0182] Embodiment A-2: Time and frequency-domain resource granularity.
[0183] Time-domain resource granularity used for indication of time-domain resource location relevant parameters, e.g., time offset, starting point, ending point, length, duration, resource size, etc., defined in embodiments of the description, can be at least one of the following: ● Chip length. ● Sample length. ● Information bit length. ● Slot or sub-slot duration. ● OFDM symbol length. ● Basic unit for time-domain resource allocation.
[0184] Frequency-domain resource granularity used for indication of frequency-domain resource location relevant parameters, e.g., frequency shift, starting point, ending point, range, resource size, etc., defined in embodiments of the description can be expressed in terms of at least one of the following: ● Basic unit of chip rate. ● Basic unit of modulation ratio. ■ For a message transmitted with a frequency multiplied by a ratio greater than 1 due to frequency modulation with another waveform. The basic unit of the ratio is defined as a basic unit of modulation ratio. For example, a value of frequency shift ratio can be expressed by a power of a basic unit of modulation ratio, e.g., power of 2 . ● Basic unit of sampling rate. ● Subcarrier spacing. ● resource block size. ● Basic unit of frequency shift value, e.g., in terms of Hertz (Hz) . ● Basic unit for frequency-domain resource allocation.
[0185] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a frequency-domain resource location is derived by shifting a center frequency of the first device-to-reader IoT signal to a frequency-domain resource location according to a given frequency shift ratio.
[0186] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the shifting the center frequency of the first device-to-reader IoT signal to a frequency-domain resource location is realized by applying frequency modulation to a waveform used for generating the first device-to-reader IoT signal according to a given frequency shift ratio.
[0187]
[0188] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the ending point of the first reader-to-device IoT signal aligns with an ending point of a chip duration.
[0189] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the ending point of the first reader-to-device IoT signal aligns with an ending point of an OFDM symbol.
[0190] Embodiment A-3: Resource structure for Msg1 transmission.
[0191] A single round of inventory procedure includes one or more instances of trigger information, each of which can trigger one or more than one access occasion. Each of the access occasions includes one or more than one time-domain resource. Each of the access occasions or corresponding one or more than one time-domain resource can be utilized individually or time division multiplexed (TDMed) . For each access occasion or time-domain resource, one or more than one frequency-domain resource can be utilized individually or frequency division multiplexed (FDMed) . A time-frequency-domain resource within an access occasion is a resource unit for single Msg1 transmission.
[0192] Embodiment A-3-1: Dependency of resource structure.
[0193] A network node, e.g., a reader, can provide information of a resource structure for message transmission according to at least one of the following conditions or parameters: ● A-IoT application-relevant parameters: ■ Traffic type, command type, or use case of an A-IoT application. ■ Number of A-IoT devices for performing random access. ● Random-access-relevant parameters: ■ Initial trigger or re-trigger of a random access procedure within an inventory procedure. ■ Initial channel access or re-access during a random access procedure. ■ Contention-free or contention-based random access procedure. ■ 2-step or 4-step random access procedure. ■ A Q value of slotted ALOHA based channel access scheme. ● Device-relevant parameters: ■ Remaining energy of A-IoT devices. ■ Capability or device type of A-IoT devices. ◆ The device type includes features of supporting at least one of the following: ● Device 1, Device 2a, or Device 2b. ◆ The capability includes features of supporting at least one of the following: ● Frequency shift, e.g., a small range of frequency shift or a large range of frequency shift ● Timer or counting capability. ● TDMA-based or FDMA-based message transmission. ■ Charging period of A-IoT devices. ■ An identifier / identification (ID) associated with one or more than one A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) targeted for performing random access.
[0194] Embodiment A-3-2: Parameters of access occasion.
[0195] A network node may indicates number, size, or location of access occasions associated with trigger information based on at least one of the following factors or features. ● A-IoT application-relevant parameters. ● Random-access-relevant parameters. ● Device-relevant parameters. ● Location of the trigger information or locations of subsequent follow-up information (e.g., repeat or continue information) transmitted by a network node associated with the trigger information. ■ The location of the trigger information is associated with at least the first location of access occasion. ■ The other access occasions can be determined based on follow-up information. ◆ The purpose of the follow-up information includes at least one of the following: ● Indicating another location of access occasion for an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) to perform initial Msg1 transmission or Msg1 retransmission. ● Serving as a synchronization reference (e.g., to determine chip rate, chip duration, frequency offset, sample rate, etc. ) ● Re-triggering a random access procedure, particularly when some devices fail to access the channel due to random access failure. ● Adjusting resource structure of D2R transmission during a random access procedure-for example, modifying location of access occasion or time-frequency-domain resources within an access occasion. ● Requesting one or more than one target A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) (i.e., via an ID, ) to perform contention-based or contention-free random access. ● An indication carried in the control part of the trigger information, which may include the number or location of access occasions associated with the trigger information. ■ For different instances of trigger information: Different numbers of access occasions (or associated time-domain resources) can be indicated for different instances of trigger information depending on various factors, such as: ◆ Whether the trigger information is for an initial trigger or re-trigger of a random access procedure. For instance, certain access occasions may be reserved for channel re-access. An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can autonomously re-access the channel-e.g., if Msg2 is lost within the receiving window-or be explicitly re-triggered by the network node to use another access occasion when initial or prior access fails. One or more than one access occasion can be preconfigured via trigger information or associated follow-up information for specifically channel re-access. A network node may request re-access through additional trigger information (e.g., a Query message) or re-trigger information (e.g., a Query repeat message) . ◆ Whether the trigger information is for contention-free or contention-based random access procedure. ◆ Whether the trigger information is for 2-step or 4-step random access scheme. ◆ Whether the trigger information is for all A-IoT devices, e.g., associated with a broadcast ID, or a specific type of A-IoT devices, e.g., associated with a group ID. ■ For the same instance of trigger information: When more than one access occasion associated with the same trigger information, at least one of the following deployments can be configured. ◆ Location of the first access occasion is determined based on location of trigger information or an indication within trigger information. The locations of subsequent access occasions can be determined based on at least one of the following schemes: ● Indicated in the trigger information or derived from the position of the trigger information. ● Periodically recurring following the previous access occasion. Periodicity of the access occasions can be configured in the trigger information. For each of the access occasions, an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can determine the location of the access occasion using a counter based on a resource granularity. ● Indicated by one of those PRDCH messages transmitted from a network node during a random access procedure. For example, the next access occasion is determined based on an indication carried in Msg2 or Msg4, e.g., if contention or random access failure has been detected by a reader. ● Indicated by the last PRDCH message transmitted from a reader during a random access procedure. For example, the next access occasion is determined based on a time offset relative to the end of Msg4 transmission or the end of a HARQ-ACK message transmission associated with Msg3. ◆ In such cases, the A-IoT device assumes that the time-domain and frequency-domain resource structure is identical across all access occasions.
[0196] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a time and frequency-domain resource structure is used for each access occasion for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal. At the network node, a time and frequency-domain resource structure is used for each access occasion for reception of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0197] Embodiment A-3-3: Parameters of time-frequency-domain resources within an access occasion.
[0198] Number, size, or location of time-domain or frequency-domain resource associated with an access occasion can be indicated by a network node, for example, via trigger information or follow-up information. If there is only one time-domain resource within an access occasion, as illustrated in the following embodiments, the single access occasion can be regarded as a single time-domain resource for individual or TDM-multiplexed Msg1 transmission
[0199] Determination of number, size, or location of time-domain or frequency-domain resource associated with an access occasion depends on at least one of the following. ● Depending on A-IoT application-relevant parameters. ● Depending on random-access-relevant parameters ● Depending on device-relevant parameters.
[0200] The size or location of time-domain resources used for Msg1 transmission can be expressed in terms of an offset value relative to a reference point of trigger information or follow-up information, or in terms of a length value, using a time-domain resource granularity.
[0201] The size or location of frequency-domain resources used for Msg1 transmission can be expressed in terms of an offset value relative to a frequency reference, or in terms of a length value, using a frequency-domain resource granularity.
[0202] The size, number, or location of time or frequency resources used for Msg1 transmission can be determined based on a time window or frequency range within which resources for Msg1 transmission are available. ● The size or location of the time window depends on at least one of the above-mentioned A-IoT application-relevant parameters, random-access-relevant parameters, or device-relevant parameters. ● The size or location of the time window can be expressed in terms of: ■ A starting point, length, or ending point of the time window, for example, based on an offset relative to a reference point of trigger information according to a time-domain resource granularity. ● The size or location of the frequency range can be expressed in terms of: ■ A starting point, length, or ending point of the frequency range, for example, based on an offset relative to a reference frequency according to a frequency-domain resource granularity.
[0203] The size, number, or location of time-domain or frequency-domain resources used for Msg1 transmission can be expressed in terms of at least one of the following parameters: ● A slotted ALOHA parameter, e.g., a Q value, wherein 2Q-1 resources can be used for Msg1 transmission. ● A frequency shift value range, e.g., a P value wherein 2P -1, 2P +1, or 2P frequency shift values can be used for Msg1 transmission. ● A two-dimensional parameter, e.g., ■ Location of time-domain resource and frequency-domain resource. ■ Number of time-domain resource and frequency-domain resource. ■ Reference point and time offset. ■ Time offset and number of time-domain resource. ■ Time offset and length of a time-domain resource. ■ Reference frequency and frequency shift value. ■ Reference frequency and number of frequency shifts. ■ Frequency shift value and length of frequency-domain resource.
[0204] Embodiment A-4: Resource indication
[0205] A resource indication for Msg1 transmission can be provided in trigger information or associated follow-up information.
[0206] Embodiment A-4-1: Indication of time-domain resource
[0207] Indication of time-domain resource for Msg1 transmission can rely on at least one of the following schemes. 1. Reference point of trigger information. ● The reference point is a time reference for determining resource location of Msg1 transmission, it can be expressed in terms of a time-domain resource granularity, for example, ■ Ending slot, ending chip or ending symbol of PRDCH carrying trigger information. ■ Ending slot, ending chip or ending symbol of R2D preamble associated with the trigger information. 2. Time window of Msg1 transmission. ● The time window includes complete transmission of Msg1 from the beginning point of Msg1 to the ending point of Msg1. ■ The starting point and ending point of the time window can be expressed in terms of a minimum offset or maximum offset relative to a reference point of trigger information, or can be expressed in terms of length of the time window, using above mentioned time-domain resource granularity. 3. A starting point of Msg1 transmission. ● The starting point is located at the beginning of D2R preamble associated with Msg1. The starting point of Msg1 transmission can be derived from at least one of the following: ■ An offset value relative to a reference point of trigger information, the offset value can be expressed with above mentioned time-domain resource granularity. ■ Within a time window relative to a reference point of trigger information. ◆ The starting point of the time window can be expressed with a minimum offset or maximum offset relative to a reference point of trigger information, the granularity of the minimum offset or maximum offset can be expressed in terms of above mentioned resource granularity. 4. Ending point of Msg1 transmission. ● The ending point of Msg1 transmission is located at the end of PDRCH or at the end of D2R postamble associated with Msg1. The ending point of Msg1 transmission can be derived from at least one of the following: ■ Reference point of trigger information. ■ A starting point of Msg1. ■ Location, length, or number of preamble, midamble, or postamble associated with Msg1. ◆ The location, length, or number of preamble, midamble, or postamble can be indicated in trigger information, and can be expressed in terms of above-mentioned time-domain resource granularity. 5. Length of PDRCH carrying Msg1. ● The length of PDRCH can be indicated in the control part of PRDCH associated with trigger information and can be expressed in terms of above-mentioned time-domain resource granularity. 6. Availability of D2R postamble associated with Msg1. ● If postamble is transmitted, the ending point of Msg1 is located at the end of postamble, and the length of PDRCH carrying Msg1 can be derived from the location of D2R postamble. 7. Total number of available time-domain resources. ● A slotted ALOHA parameter, e.g., a Q value, can be provided for an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) to determine a time-domain resource for Msg1 transmission, e.g., with a modulo operation. 8. Time gap between consecutive time-domain resources. ● A time gap is inserted between consecutive time-domain resources in case of time drift due to SFO. ■ The time gap can be expressed in terms of above-mentioned time-domain resource granularity. 9. Index of a time-domain resource. ● More than one time-domain resource is preconfigured by a network node according to any of above-mentioned resource indication scheme, and an index of a time-domain resource according to a predefined order of preconfigured time-domain resources is assigned for an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . ■ The time-domain resource order can be chronologically arranged or according to an ID associated with an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) .
[0208] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the paging message includes scheduling information, and the scheduling information includes an indication of a number of available time-domain resources triggered by the paging message for the IoT device to determine a time-domain resource location for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0209] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a starting point of a determined time-domain resource location for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal is derived based on a time offset value relative to an ending point of a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission carrying the paging message, wherein the ending point of R2D transmission aligns with an ending point of a chip duration. At the network node, a starting point of a determined time-domain resource location for reception of the first device-to-reader IoT signal is derived based on a time offset value relative to an ending point of a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission carrying the paging message, wherein the ending point of R2D transmission aligns with an ending point of a chip duration.
[0210] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a starting point of a determined time-domain resource location for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal is derived based on a time offset relative to an ending point of reader-to-device (R2D) transmission carrying the paging message, wherein the ending point of R2D transmission aligns with an ending point of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. At the network node, a starting point of a determined time-domain resource location for reception of the first device-to-reader IoT signal is derived based on a time offset relative to an ending point of reader-to-device (R2D) transmission carrying the paging message, wherein the ending point of R2D transmission aligns with an ending point of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol.
[0211] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a starting point of a determined time-domain resource location is derived based on a time offset relative to an ending point of reader-to-device (R2D) transmission carrying the paging message, wherein the time offset value is an integer multiple of a chip length.
[0212] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a starting point of a determined time-domain resource location for transmission of the first device-to-reader IoT signal corresponds to a starting point of a device-to-reader preamble which is followed by a PDRCH carrying a first device-to-reader IoT message of the first device-to-reader IoT signal. At the network node, a starting point of a determined time-domain resource location for reception of the first device-to-reader IoT signal corresponds to a starting point of a device-to-reader preamble which is followed by a PDRCH carrying a first device-to-reader IoT message of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0213] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a length of the first device-to-reader IoT signal is determined based on a length of a device-to-reader preamble associated with a PDRCH carrying a first device-to-reader IoT message of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0214] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a length of the first device-to-reader IoT signal is determined based on a length of a device-to-reader midamble associated with a PDRCH carrying a first device-to-reader IoT message of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0215] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the length of the device-to-reader preamble is indicated in the paging message.
[0216] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the length of the device-to-reader midamble is indicated in the paging message.
[0217] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the number of the device-to-reader midamble being inserted to the PDRCH is determined from an indication in the paging message.
[0218] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the paging message indicates more than one time domain access occasion triggered by the paging message, and a time gap is inserted between consecutive time domain access occasions.
[0219] Embodiment A-4-2: Indication of frequency-domain resource
[0220] Indication of frequency-domain resource for Msg1 transmission can rely on at least one of the following schemes. 1. Reference frequency. ● The reference frequency can be derived from at least one of the following ■ The reference frequency is the carrier frequency used for transmission of trigger information. ■ The reference frequency is backscattered frequency without frequency shift. ■ The reference frequency is the carrier frequency used for transmission of carrier wave signals. ■ The reference frequency is indicated in the trigger information. 2. Frequency shift value. ● The frequency shift value has at least one of the following characteristics: ■ The frequency shift value is a value relative to the value of reference frequency. ■ The frequency shift value is indicated in the trigger information. ■ The frequency shift value is expressed in terms of the above-mentioned frequency-domain resource granularity. ■ The frequency shift value is assumed to be zero for device type of Device 1 or 2a. ■ The range of frequency shift value is associated with device capabilities. ◆ More than one range of frequency shift value can be defined for different device capabilities. ■ The frequency shift value is a multiple of a basic frequency shift unit. ◆ The basic frequency shift unit is preconfigured by a network node or predefined in the standard. ◆ The basic frequency shift unit can be expressed in terms of the above-mentioned frequency-domain resource granularity. 3. Total number of frequency shift values ● Total number of frequency shift values can be provided for an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) to determine a frequency-domain resource for Msg1 transmission, e.g., with a modulo operation. ■ Applicable total number of frequency shift values depend on device capability or device type of an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . ■ Total number of frequency shift values can be configured differently for different location of time-domain resources. ● Total number of frequency shift values can be expressed in terms of a single value parameter. For example, ● A P value, wherein 2P -1, 2P +1, or 2P total numbers of frequency shift values are available. ■ A frequency shift value can be 0 in case no frequency shift is conducted. ■ A frequency shift value can be assumed to be 0 if it is not indicated by a network node. ● A value equals to power of 2, i.e., 2, 4, 8, …. 4. Frequency gap between consecutive frequency-domain resources. ● A frequency gap is inserted between consecutive frequency-domain resources due to possible carrier frequency offset. ■ The frequency gap can be expressed in terms of above-mentioned frequency-domain resource granularity. 5. Index of a frequency-domain resource. ● More than one frequency-domain resource is preconfigured by a network node according to any of above-mentioned resource indication scheme, and an index of a frequency-domain resource according to a predefined order of preconfigured frequency-domain resources is assigned for an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . ■ The frequency-domain resource order can be arranged from low frequency to high frequency or according to an ID associated with an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) .
[0221] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the paging message includes scheduling information, and the scheduling information includes an indication of a number of available frequency-domain resources triggered by the paging message for the IoT device to determine a frequency-domain resource location for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0222] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the number of available frequency-domain resources is expressed as a number of available frequency shift ratios, wherein the number of available frequency shift ratios is a power of 2.
[0223] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, each value of the available frequency shift ratios is expressed as a power of 2.
[0224] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a frequency-domain resource location for transmission of the first device-to-reader IoT signal is determined based on a reference frequency and a frequency shift ratio value.
[0225] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the reference frequency is a carrier frequency used for transmission of carrier wave signals.
[0226] Embodiment B: Msg1 / A resource selection
[0227] According to the resource location relevant information carried in trigger information, an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) determines one of the resources for Msg1 or Msg A transmission. In the following, Msg1 is adopted as an example of D2R signal transmitted by an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) in response to received trigger information.
[0228] Embodiment B-1: Msg1 / A resource selection for contention-based random access
[0229] For contention-based random access scheme, an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) determines a resource location, e.g., an access occasion and / or a resource within an access occasion, among more than one available resources (e.g., more than one access occasion and / or more than one resource within an access occasion) based on at least one of the following embodiments:
[0230] Embodiment B-1-1: Random selection
[0231] An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) randomly selects an access occasion and / or a resource within an access occasion. In an embodiment, a random number generated by an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) is used for further mapping to an access occasion, or a time-domain or frequency-domain resource within an access occasion.
[0232] Mapping scheme:
[0233] A mapping scheme for mapping random number to resource (i.e., Msg1 / A resource) can be according to an order preconfigured by a network node or predefined in the standard. For example, a scheme of two-step resource selection and mapping is conducted by an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . ● The first step is for access occasion selection according to, e.g., a random number or an ID associated with the A-IoT device. ● The second step is for time or frequency resource selection within an access occasion according to, e.g., a random number or an ID associated with the A-IoT device.
[0234] Mapping of random number to resource for Msg1 / A transmission can be a one-to-one mapping or a one-to-more than one mapping. For example, ● more than one access occasion or time-domain and frequency-domain resource can be used for Msg1 / A transmission. ● The mapping to resource can be chronologically according to an order of random number among all possible numbers.
[0235] Multiple access scheme:
[0236] For the case of TDMA or FDMA-based Msg1 transmission, determination of a multiple access scheme for randomly selected resource relies on one of the following: ● An indication in the trigger information or associated follow-up information can indicate: ■ both TDMA-based and FDMA-based random resource selection, or ■ either TDMA-based or FDMA-based random resource selection. ● If both TDMA-based and FDMA-based Msg1 transmission is allowed, an A-IoT can autonomously determine whether to use both TDMA-based and FDMA-based random resource selection, or either TDMA-based or FDMA-based random resource selection. ● Determination of TDMA-based or FDMA-based random resource selection for Msg1 transmission by an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) depends on at least one of the following parameters indicated in Embodiment A-3-1. In this case, an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can implicitly determine a multiplexing scheme according to associated parameters: ■ A-IoT application-relevant parameters. ■ Random-access-relevant parameters. ■ Device-relevant parameters.
[0237] Order of multiple access schemes:
[0238] For the case of TDMA and FDMA-based Msg1 transmission, the order of multiple access schemes being applied for randomly selected resource can be at least one of the following schemes: ● TDMA-based random resource selection is performed first and followed by FDMA-based random resource selection. ● FDMA-based random resource selection is performed first and followed by TDMA-based random resource selection. ● An order for multiple access schemes being applied is indicated in the trigger information or associated follow-up information.
[0239] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the paging message includes an indication indicating a contention-based random access scheme is initiated, and the paging message provides scheduling information for the IoT device to select a resource location among more than one resource locations according to a TDMA and FDMA based multiplexing scheme for transmission of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0240] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the IoT device determines the resource location for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal based on a random number generated by the IoT device for mapping to an access occasion among a number of access occasions provided by the paging message. The network node determines the resource location for receiving the first device-to-reader IoT signal based on a number of access occasions provided by the paging message.
[0241] Embodiment B-1-2:
[0242] An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) selects an access occasion and / or a resource from an access occasion according to parameter (s) . ● An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) selects a resource or performs random resource selection according to at least one of the following parameters. ■ At least one of the following parameters indicated in Embodiment A-3-1. ◆ A-IoT application-relevant parameters. ◆ Random-access-relevant parameters. ◆ Device-relevant parameters. ■ Total number of access occasions associated with a piece of trigger information. ■ Total number of available time-domain or frequency-domain resources within an access occasion. ■ Device type of an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . For example, ◆ Available resources are categorized into different resource groups, and each resource group is associated with a device type of an A-IoT device. ● The resource grouping can be time-domain resource grouping or frequency-domain resource grouping. For example, ■ Frequency-domain resource can be grouped according to ◆ Different frequency shift values or bandwidth part. ◆ Different frequency-domain resource index. ■ Time-domain resource can be grouped according to ◆ Different time windows wherein a starting (minimum) point, an ending (maximum) point, or a time duration can be preconfigured. ◆ Different time-domain resource indices. ◆ An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can perform resource selection within a specific group associated with the A-IoT, and a network node can identify a type of A-IoT device according to the detected A-IoT device in a certain resource group. ■ Remaining energy of an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . For example, ◆ An A-IoT device selects a first or earlier available resource if its remaining energy is draining. ■ Capability of an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . For example, ◆ An A-IoT device selects a first or earlier available resource if its clock drifts quickly due to lower complexity. ■ An ID associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . For example, ◆ The selected resource is according to an order of values of target device IDs in case a network node triggers more than one A-IoT device to perform random access procedures. For example, ● The available resources are chronologically arranged, and an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) selects a resource according to the value order of its associated ID. For example, an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) selects a later arrived resource if it has a larger value of device ID. ■ A resource group associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . ◆ More than one resource group is preconfigured by a network node or predefined in the standard. One of the resource groups is indicated by the network node for an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) , for example, via resource group index, and the A-IoT device randomly selects a resource within the resource group. ◆ Examples of resource grouping can be the following: ● According to at least one of device-relevant parameters, e.g., device capabilities or device types. ● According to at least one of random-access-relevant parameters. ● According to at least one of A-IoT application-relevant parameters.
[0243] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the paging message includes information of a total number of access occasions for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0244]
[0245] Embodiment B-2: For contention-free random access scheme.
[0246] According to an indication provided by a network node, an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) determines a resource location, e.g., an access occasion and / or a resource within an access occasion based on at least one of the following embodiments:
[0247] Embodiment B-2-1: Resource indication signaling
[0248] An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) determines a resource according to a resource indication in the trigger information or associated follow-up information. ● A network node provides at least one of the following pieces of information for an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . ■ resource indication of a scheduled resource. ◆ Time-domain resource indication can refer to Embodiment A-4-1. ◆ Frequency-domain resource indication can refer to Embodiment A-4-2. ◆ Two-dimensional resource indication. For example, ● Joint time-domain and frequency-domain resource indication according to a time-frequency index. ■ The time-frequency index can be mapped to a time-frequency resource according to an index-to-resource pre-configuration. ■ The time-frequency index can be a time first order or frequency first order for mapping to associated time-frequency resource. ● Joint first domain and second domain resource indication according to two parameter indexes. ■ Refer to two-dimensional parameter in Embodiment A-3-3. ◆ Two-step resource indication in any order. For example, ● The first step is for access occasion indication, and the second step is for time or frequency resource indication within an access occasion. ■ The first step is for time-domain resource indication, and the second step is for frequency-domain resource indication ■ TDMA or FDMA-based multiplexing scheme for Msg1 transmission. ■ One or more than one ID associated with one or more than one target A-IoT devices for transmitting Msg1. That is, the ID can be associated with a group of A-IoT devices or a single A-IoT device.
[0249] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the paging message includes an indication indicating a contention-free random access scheme is initiated, and the paging message provides a frequency shift ratio value for the IoT device to determine a frequency-domain resource location and performs an FDMA based multiplexing scheme for transmission of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0250] Embodiment B-2-2: ID-based resource indication
[0251] An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) derives a resource according to an ID indicated in the trigger information or associated follow-up information. ● For the case of an ID associated with an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) , ■ The A-IoT device selects a resource according to an ID associated with the A-IoT device. ◆ A mapping of a device ID to associated resource can be created in advance in the form of, e.g., device ID to resource index mapping. ◆ An implicit mapping of an ID to a scheduled resource. Examples of mapping schemes can be the following: ● An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) calculates index or location of scheduled resource among all preconfigured resources according to a function of at least one of the following parameters: ■ A-IoT application-relevant parameters. ■ Random-access-relevant parameters. ■ Device-relevant parameters. ■ ID value of the A-IoT device or ID values of other A-IoT devices. For example, ◆ The A-IoT device can determine the order of its device ID value compared to other devices’ IDs, and then selects a resource among chronologically arranged resources according to the order of its device ID value. ■ Total number of scheduled resources or total number of device IDs for being scheduled in contention-free random access. ● For the case of an ID associated with a group of A-IoT devices, ■ The A-IoT device selects a resource randomly among preconfigured resources. ◆ Refer to random resource selection schemes indicated in Embodiment B-1-1. ■ The A-IoT device selects a resource according to parameter (s) . ◆ Refer rules of resource selection schemes indicated in Embodiment B-1-2.
[0252] Embodiment C: Msg2 / B resource monitoring
[0253] A network node can provide one or more than one A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) with one or more than one Msg2 or Msg B in response to one or more than one Msg1 or Msg A received from one or more than one A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . In the following, Msg1 and Msg2 are adopted as an example of D2R signal transmitted by an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) and associated R2D response received by the A-IoT device.
[0254] Embodiment C-1: Msg2 monitoring time window
[0255] For an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) that uses a selected resource or scheduled resource for Msg1 transmission, the A-IoT device monitors Msg2 transmission from a network node within a time window or according to at least one of the following indication schemes: 1. Definition of a time window for Msg2 monitoring: ● Location of the time window is indicated in trigger information or associated follow-up information or can be preconfigured by a network node. ● The starting point of the time window or ending point of the time window can be indicated in terms of an offset relative to the ending point of Msg1 transmission or a reference point of trigger information. ● The starting point of the time window is at a point earlier than the starting point of preamble associated with any possible occasions of Msg2. ● The ending point of the time window is at a point later than the ending point of R2D postamble, if available, associated with any possible occasions of Msg2 or at a point later than the ending point of PRDCH associated with any possible occasions of Msg2. 2. Offset: ● The offset value can be expressed in terms of one of the above-mentioned time-domain resource granularities. 3. The ending point of Msg1: ● The ending point of Msg1 is the ending point of D2R postamble, if available, associated with Msg1 or the ending point of PDRCH associated with Msg1. The ending point of Msg1 can be expressed in terms of one of the above-mentioned time-domain resource granularities. 4. Reference point of trigger information: ● The reference point of trigger information can refer to Embodiment A-4-1.
[0256] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the IoT device determines a time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission according to an indication carried in the paging message.
[0257] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the IoT device determines a starting point of a time window for monitoring a first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission based on a time offset relative to an ending point of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0258] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the a time window for the IoT device to monitor the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission is derived from an indication carried in the paging message. The IoT device determines the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission according to an indication carried in the paging message. With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, a starting point of a time window for the IoT device to monitor the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission is derived from a time offset relative to an ending point of the first device-to-reader IoT signal. The IoT device determines a starting point of the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission based on a time offset relative to an ending point of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0259] Embodiment C-2: Msg2 monitoring frequency range
[0260] For an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) that uses a selected resource or scheduled resource for Msg1 transmission, the A-IoT device monitors Msg2 transmission from a network node within a frequency range preconfigured by the network node or according to at least one of the following indication schemes: 1. The frequency range can be expressed in terms of the ● above-mentioned frequency-domain resource granularity. ● above-mentioned reference frequency and a frequency shift or offset in the frequency domain. 2. Feature of a frequency range for an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) to monitor Msg2 can be the following: ● The frequency range for an A-IoT device to monitor Msg2 can be identical to the frequency range for an A-IoT device to receive trigger information. ● The frequency range for an A-IoT device to monitor Msg2 can be identical to the frequency range for an A-IoT device to transmit Msg1. ● The frequency range for an A-IoT device to monitor Msg2 is indicated by a network node, for example, via trigger information or associated follow-up information.
[0261] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a frequency range used for the IoT device to monitor the first reader-to-device IoT signal is the same as a frequency range used for the IoT device to receive the paging message.
[0262] Embodiment C-3: Time window for monitoring Msg2
[0263] Feature of a time window for monitoring Msg2 transmission from a network node can be at least one of the following: 1. Common time window for monitoring Msg2: ● All or part of the A-IoT devices transmitting Msg1 share the same time window for monitoring Msg2. ● Location of a shared time window can be indicated with a scheme described in Embodiment C-1. ● An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can determine a location or size of the shared time window for monitoring Msg2 based on at least one of the following parameters. ■ At least one of A-IoT application-relevant parameters. ■ At least one of random-access-relevant parameters. ■ At least one of device-relevant parameters. ■ TDMA-based or FDMA-based Msg1 transmission. ■ Position of Msg1 transmission, e.g., starting point or ending point of Msg1. 2. Shared time window for monitoring Msg2 based on device grouping: ● More than one shared time window can be configured for different groups of A-IoT devices for Msg2 monitoring. For example, ● In one embodiment, the first group of A-IoT devices uses a first shared time window for monitoring Msg2, while the second group of A-IoT devices uses a second shared time window for monitoring Msg2. ● In one embodiment, a time gap may be inserted between the first shared time window and the second shared time window and can be expressed using the above-mentioned time-domain resource granularity. The time gap may be indicated by a network node, for example, via trigger information or associated follow-up information, or predefined in the standard. ● In one embodiment, the first group of A-IoT devices transmits Msg1 based on FDMA over the first time-domain resource and uses a first shared time window for monitoring Msg2, while the second group of A-IoT devices transmits Msg1 based on FDMA over the second time-domain resource and uses the second shared time window for monitoring Msg2. ● Alternatively, the first group of A-IoT devices transmits Msg1 based on FDMA / TDMA on the first access occasion and uses the first shared time window for monitoring Msg2, while the second group of A-IoT devices transmits Msg1 based on FDMA / TDMA on the second access occasion and uses a second shared time window for monitoring Msg2.
[0264] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the IoT device determines a time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission based on a random-access-relevant parameter regarding a number of access occasions associated with a paging message.
[0265] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the first reader-to-device IoT signal includes response information to more than one TDMA-based or FDMA-based first device-to-reader IoT signal transmission. At the network node, the first reader-to-device IoT signal includes response information to more than one TDMA-based or FDMA-based first device-to-reader IoT signal reception. With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, a time window for the IoT device to monitor the first reader-to-device IoT signal is derived from a random-access-relevant parameter regarding a number of access occasions associated with the paging message. The IoT device determines the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal based on a random-access-relevant parameter regarding a number of access occasions associated with the paging message.
[0266] Embodiment C-4: Msg2 monitoring per TDMA-based or FDMA-based Msg1 transmission
[0267] Msg2 monitoring time window for TDMA-based or FDMA-based Msg1 transmission can be indicated or signaled. For the case of TDMA-based or FDMA-based Msg1 transmission where a plurality of A-IoT devices transmit Msg1 and use the shared time window for monitoring Msg2, location of the shared time window can be expressed in at least one of the following schemes:
[0268] A reference point for indicating a time window for monitoring Msg2 can be at least one of the following: ● The last transmission occasion of time-domain resource. For example, the ending point of PDRCH or D2R postamble of the last Msg1 transmission occasion. ● The end point of a time window configured by a network node for receiving Msg1. ● The end point of PRDCH or R2D postamble transmitted by a network node for carrying trigger information.
[0269] A time offset relative to a reference point for indicating location (i.e., starting (minimum) point, length of a duration, or ending (maximum) point) of shared time window for monitoring Msg2 can be indicated in trigger information or associated follow-up information, or preconfigured by a network node.
[0270] The reference point or the time offset can be expressed in terms of the above-mentioned time-domain resource granularity.
[0271] Embodiment C-5: Structure of Msg2.
[0272] A Msg2 can carry one or more than one response to one or more than one Msg1 transmission from one or more than one A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . At least one of the following structures of Msg2 can be adopted. 1. A single Msg2 transmission in a PRDCH can provide more than one response to more than one detected Msg1 transmission from more than one A-IoT device. ● In the case of one Msg2 transmission within a PRDCH provides response information to more than one A-IoT device, Msg1 transmissions from more than one A-IoT device can use: ■ FDMA-based transmission scheme, e.g., using different frequency shifts for each individual Msg1 transmission; or ■ TDMA-based scheme, e.g., using different time-domain resources for each individual Msg1 transmission. 2. More than one Msg2 transmission in a PRDCH can provide more than one response to the more than one detected Msg1 transmission from more than one A-IoT device. ● Each Msg2 transmission within a PRDCH provides response information for associated Msg1 transmission from an A-IoT device. 3. More than one Msg2 transmission is multiplexed in the frequency domain, where each Msg2 is transmitted in a PRDCH. ● Msg1 transmissions from more than one A-IoT device can be FDMA-based transmission scheme, e.g., using different frequency shifts for each individual Msg1 transmission. ● The frequency-domain resource used by a network node to transmit Msg2 can be identical to the frequency-domain resource used by an A-IoT device to transmit Msg1 . 4. More than one Msg2 transmission is multiplexed in the time-domain, where each Msg2 is transmitted in a PRDCH. ● Each Msg2 transmission in corresponding PRDCH provides response information to an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . ● The time order of TDM-multiplexed Msg2 transmissions in PRDCHs can be in accordance with the time order of TDM-multiplexed Msg1 transmissions in PDRCHs from A-IoT devices. 5. The time window used for A-IoT devices to monitor their Msg2 covers all possible locations of PRDCHs and corresponding preambles or postambles associated with Msg2 transmissions. ● Parameters of the time window as detailed in Embodiment C-4, e.g., starting (minimum) point, length, or ending (maximum) point, are provided to AoT devices, for example, via trigger information or associated follow-up information. 6. Each of the A-IoT devices transmitting Msg1 has an associated time window for monitoring Msg2. The deployment of individual time window can be at least one of the following: ● Transmission scheme of each Msg1-Msg2 pair (i.e., an Msg1 transmission and its associated Msg2 response) can be at least one of the following: ■ Bundled (pair-by-pair) transmission: Each pair of Msg1-Msg2 pair response are bundled together and transmitted in a consecutive time sequence. That is, pair-by-pair based transmission is conducted in the time-domain. The next pair begins only after the previous pair is fully completed (i.e., Msg1 transmission and Msg2 monitoring) . In this case, the reference point for the next Msg1 transmission is the ending point of the Msg2 monitoring window of the previous pair. ■ Interleaved transmission: Transmission of different Msg1-Msg2 pairs can be conducted in an interleave scheme. That is, multiple Msg1 transmissions from different pairs are sent consecutively, followed by consecutive monitoring of their corresponding Msg2 responses. ◆ In this case, the reference point for Msg2 monitoring can be ● The ending point of the time window for Msg1 transmission; ● The ending point of the last transmission occasion of Msg1; or ● The ending point of the Msg2 monitoring window of previous pair. 7. An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can determine location or size of its time window for monitoring Msg2 based on at least one of the following parameters: ● A-IoT application-relevant parameters. ● Random-access-relevant parameters ● Device-relevant parameters. ● An index value associated with an order of Msg2 transmission. ● An index value associated with an order of Msg1 transmission. ● Whether Msg1 transmission is TDMA-based or FDMA-based . ● Position of Msg1 transmission, e.g., starting point or ending point of Msg1. 8. The Msg2 monitoring time windows associated with each Msg1 transmission can have the same length or different lengths. ● For the case of identical length, ■ A starting point of each individual time window is provided to an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . ◆ The A-IoT device can determine its own time window from the starting point of the first arrived time window and the length of the time window. ■ A time window index associated with Msg2 or total number of time windows for monitoring Msg2 can be provided by a network node for an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . ◆ The A-IoT device can determine its own time window via e.g., index counting. ● For the case of identical or different lengths, ■ The location of a time window associated with Msg2 transmission can be derived from content or location of a previously transmitted Msg2. ■ The location of the next transmitted Msg2 can be derived from the ending point of the previously transmitted Msg2, e.g., ending point of R2D postamble or PRDCH associated with the previously transmitted Msg2. ■ The content of previously transmitted Msg2 can indicate availability of next transmitted Msg2 or location of next transmitted Msg2 if available. 9. The time windows for individually monitoring of Msg2 do not overlap. ● A gap between consecutive time windows for monitoring Msg2 is provided by a network node, for example, via trigger information or associated follow-up information, or predefined in the standard. ● The gap can be expressed in terms of the above-mentioned time-domain resource granularities.
[0273] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the first reader-to-device IoT signal includes an ID identical to a random ID selected by the IoT device and transmitted in the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0274] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the first reader-to-device IoT signal is received from TDM-based first reader-to-device IoT signal transmissions. At the network node, the first reader-to-device IoT signal is transmitted using TDM-based first reader-to-device IoT signal transmissions.
[0275] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a monitoring time window is set for the IoT device to monitor the TDM-based first reader-to-device IoT signal transmissions. The IoT device monitors the TDM-based first reader-to-device IoT signal transmissions in a monitoring time window.
[0276] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a parameter related to a starting point or an ending point of the monitoring time window for the IoT device to monitor the first reader-to-device IoT signal is provided in the paging message.
[0277] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the random ID is transmitted in the first device-to-reader IoT signal using a frequency-domain resource obtained by frequency shifting a carrier wave frequency.
[0278] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the first reader-to-device IoT signal carries a PRDCH, and the PRDCH includes response information for more than one detected random IDs carried in respective more than one first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0279] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the more than one first device-to-reader IoT signal is transmitted in an FDMA-based or TDMA-based multiplexing scheme. At the network node, more than one first device-to-reader IoT signal is received in an FDMA-based or TDMA-based multiplexing scheme.
[0280] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a length of the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission is derived from the paging message.
[0281] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a starting point of the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission is determined by an ending point of the first device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.
[0282] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, an ending point of the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission is determined based on the paging message.
[0283] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the time window covers one or more than one PRDCH and corresponding preambles and postambles associated with the first reader-to-device IoT signal.
[0284]
[0285] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, a length of a time window for the IoT device to monitor the first reader-to-device IoT signal is derived from the paging message.
[0286] Embodiment D: Msg3 resource location
[0287] An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) transmits Msg3 to a network node in response to detected Msg2 from the network node. More than one Msg3 can be transmitted during a random access procedure when more than one A-IoT device has detected Msg2.
[0288] Embodiment D-1: Time-domain resource location for Msg3 transmission.
[0289] An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can determine time-domain resource location for Msg3 based on at least one of the following information: ● A-IoT application-relevant parameters. ● Random-access-relevant parameters ● Device-relevant parameters. ● TDMA-based or FDMA-based Msg1 transmission. ● TDMA-based or FDMA-based Msg3 transmission. ● Position of Msg1 transmission, e.g., starting point or ending point of Msg1. ● Position of Msg2 reception in response to transmitted Msg1, e.g., starting point or ending point of Msg2.
[0290] Time-domain resource location for Msg3 transmission is indicated in the content of Msg2 detected by an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) , or in the content of trigger information or associated follow-up information. Features of the time-domain resource location for Msg3 transmission can include at least one of the following: ● An identical time-domain resource index for transmitting Msg1 and Msg3 can be selected by an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) or can be indicated by a network node. ● A length of a time-domain resource for Msg3 transmission can be the same or greater than the length of a time-domain resource length for Msg1 transmission. ● The number of available time-domain resources within a time window for Msg3 transmission can be the same as, or fewer than, the number of the time-domain resources within a time window for Msg1 transmission. ● The time-domain resource location for Msg3 transmission can be indicated in terms of a reference point and a time offset. ■ The reference point can be the ending point of PRDCH or R2D postamble associated with a Msg2. ◆ The Msg2 serving as the reference point can be: ● A Msg2 associated with an A-IoT device for further Msg3 transmission, ● A Msg2 associated with another A-IoT device, or ● A Msg2 transmitted in the last Msg2 transmission occasion within a time window for monitoring. ■ The reference point can be the ending point of a time window used for monitoring possible locations of Msg2 transmission. ■ The granularity of the time offset can be expressed in terms of one of the above-mentioned time-domain resource granularities. ■ The time offset value of Msg3 transmission can be assumed or configured to be identical to the time offset value for Msg1 transmission. ● The time-domain resource location can be indicated in terms of a time window within which Msg3 can be transmitted by an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . ■ The time-domain window for Msg3 transmission can be the same or greater than the time-domain window for Msg1 transmission. ■ The starting (minimum) point or ending (maximum) point of the time window for transmitting Msg3 can be expressed in terms of a reference point and a time offset relative to the reference point. ◆ The time window can be used for an A-IoT device to determine at least one of the following locations related to Msg3 transmission. ● A location of a starting point of a D2R preamble associated with Msg3 transmission. ● A location of whole Msg3 transmission, i.e., the window covers starting point of D2R preamble as well as ending point of D2R postamble or ending point of PDRCH associated with Msg3. ◆ The reference point can be the ending point of PRDCH or R2D postamble associated with Msg2 detected by an A-IoT device. ◆ The time offset of the starting (minimum) point or ending (maximum) point of the time window for transmitting Msg3 can be identical to the time offset of the starting (minimum) point or ending (maximum) point of the time window for Msg1 transmission.
[0291] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a number of time-domain resource available for transmitting the second device-to-reader IoT signal is smaller than a number of time-domain resource available for transmitting the first device-to-reader IoT signal. At the network node, a number of time-domain resource available for receiving the second device-to-reader IoT signal is smaller than a number of time-domain resource available for receiving the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0292] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a time-domain resource location for transmitting the second device-to-reader IoT signal is determined based on an ending point of the first reader-to-device IoT signal and a time offset value relative to the ending point of the first reader-to-device IoT signal.
[0293] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, , the ending point of the first reader-to-device IoT signal corresponds to an ending point of a postamble associated with a PRDCH carrying a first reader-to-device IoT message of the first reader-to-device IoT signal.
[0294] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the time offset value is an integer multiple of a chip length.
[0295] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a time offset value used for determining a time-domain resource location for transmission of the second device-to-reader IoT signal is the same as a time offset value used for determining a time-domain resource location for transmission of the first device-to-reader IoT signal. At the network node, a time offset value used for determining a time-domain resource location for reception of the second device-to-reader IoT signal is the same as a time offset value used for determining a time-domain resource location for reception of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0296] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a starting point of a determined time-domain resource location for transmission of the second device-to-reader IoT signal corresponds to a starting point of a device-to-reader preamble which is followed by a PDRCH carrying a second device-to-reader IoT message of the second device-to-reader IoT signal. At the network node, a starting point of a determined time-domain resource location for reception of the second device-to-reader IoT signal corresponds to a starting point of a device-to-reader preamble which is followed by a PDRCH carrying a second device-to-reader IoT message of the second device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0297] Embodiment D-2: Frequency-domain resource location for Msg3 transmission.
[0298] For FDMA-based Msg3 transmission, A-IoT devices that detect Msg2 in response to their transmitted Msg1 can transmit Msg3 in FDM-multiplexed resources within a time window. ● One or more than one time window can be configured for FDMA-based Msg3 transmission during a random access procedure. ■ For the case of more than one time window, multiple groups of A-IoT devices are scheduled to transmit FDMA-based Msg3 in respective time windows. ● The location of the time window for an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) to perform FDMA-based Msg3 transmission can be indicated by a network node, for example, via Msg2 or trigger information, in terms of previously mentioned time resource indication scheme and time-domain resource granularity. ● A location of the frequency resource for FDMA-based Msg3 transmission can be indicated in terms of a reference frequency and a frequency shift for an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . ■ The reference frequency can be determined according to the scheme previously mentioned in Embodiment A-4-2. ■ The frequency shift value for an A-IoT device to perform FDMA-based Msg3 transmission within a time window can be indicated by a network node, for example, via Msg2 or trigger information, in terms of previously mentioned frequency-domain resource indication scheme and frequency-domain resource granularity.
[0299] An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can derive the frequency-domain resource location for Msg3 transmission using at least one of the following schemes: ● The A-IoT device can determine frequency-domain resource location for Msg3 based on at least one of the following: ■ A-IoT application-relevant parameters. ■ Random-access-relevant parameters. ■ Device-relevant parameters. ■ Whether Msg1 transmission is TDMA-based or FDMA-based. ■ Whether Msg3 transmission isTDMA-based or FDMA-based. ■ The frequency-domain resource location of Msg1 transmission (e.g., starting frequency, frequency range, or ending frequency of Msg1) . ■ The frequency-domain resource location of Msg2 reception in response to transmitted Msg1 (e.g., starting frequency, frequency range, or ending frequency of Msg2) . ■ The time-domain resource location of Msg2 reception in response to transmitted Msg1 (e.g., ending point of Msg2 reception or index of time-domain occasion of Msg2 reception) . ● The frequency-domain resource or frequency-domain resource index used for FDMA-based Msg3 transmission can be the identical to the frequency-domain resource or frequency-domain resource index used for FDMA-based Msg1 transmission. ■ The same frequency-domain resource or index for transmitting Msg1 and Msg3 can be selected by an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) or can be indicated by a network node. ● The frequency-domain resource location for Msg3 transmission is indicated in the content of Msg2, or in the content of trigger information or associated follow-up information, with at least one of the following characteristics: ■ The frequency-domain resource location for Msg3 transmission can be indicated in terms of a reference frequency and a frequency shift. The frequency shift value for an A-IoT device can be indicated by a network node, for example, via Msg2 or trigger information, in terms of previously mentioned frequency shift value indication scheme and granularity. ■ The frequency-domain resource location for Msg3 transmission can be assumed to be identical to Msg1 transmission by an A-IoT device. ■ The frequency-domain resource location for Msg3 transmission can be assumed to be identical to Msg2 reception by an A-IoT device.
[0300] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a frequency-domain resource location for transmission of the second device-to-reader IoT signal is indicated in a first reader-to-device message carried in the first reader-to-device IoT signal.
[0301] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the first reader-to-device message includes an indication of a frequency shift ratio value for an FDMA-based second device-to-reader IoT signal transmission. At the network node, the first reader-to-device message includes an indication of a frequency shift ratio value for an FDMA-based second device-to-reader IoT signal reception.
[0302] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, more than one frequency-domain resource for FDMA-based second device-to-reader IoT signal transmissions in response to more than one detected first device-to-reader message carried in respective first device-to-reader IoT signals are indicated in a first reader-to-device message carried in the first reader-to-device IoT signal.
[0303] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, a frequency-domain resource location for transmission of the second device-to-reader IoT signal is determined based on a frequency-domain resource location for transmission of the first device-to-reader IoT signal. At the network node, a frequency-domain resource location for reception of the second device-to-reader IoT signal is determined based on a frequency-domain resource location for reception of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.
[0304] Embodiment D-3: TDMA-based or FDMA-based Msg3 transmission.
[0305] Whether Msg3 transmission is TDMA-based or FDMA-based can be indicated in the content of Msg2 or in the content of trigger information or associated follow-up information. For example, ● Msg2 can explicitly indicate whether an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) should use a TDMA-based or FDMA-based scheme for Msg3 transmission. ● If both schemes are supported, the A-IoT device can autonomously determine whether to use TDMA-based or FDMA-based transmission for Msg3 transmission. ● Alternatively, the A-IoT device can determine whether to perform TDMA-based or FDMA-based Msg3 transmission according to at least one of the following parameters: ■ A-IoT application-relevant parameters. ■ Random-access-relevant parameters ■ Device-relevant parameters.
[0306] The A-IoT device can report its support for TDMA-based or FDMA-based Msg3 transmission to the network node via Msg1.
[0307] Embodiment E: Report to a network node
[0308] An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can report information to a network node via transmission of Msg1 or Msg3. The reported information can be carried in the control part of Msg1 or Msg3.
[0309] Embodiment E-1: Reporting capability or device type.
[0310] An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can report its capability or device type via transmission of Msg1 or Msg3 to a network node. 1. Reporting through Msg1:
[0311] Indication of UE capability or device type of an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) via Msg1 can rely on at least one of the following schemes: ● Different groups of ID numbers are defined and organized in advance for different UE capabilities or device types. An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) randomly selects an ID from an ID group corresponding to a UE capability or device type of the A-IoT device. For example, the groups of ID numbers are used for random access by A-IoT devices. ■ A network node can, based on the group to which a detected random ID that is randomly-selected by an A-IoT device belongs , identify capability or device type of the A-IoT device transmitting Msg1. ● Different time-domain resources or frequency-domain resources are defined and organized in advance for different UE capabilities or device types. An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) selects a resource from a resource group corresponding to a UE capability or device type of the A-IoT device. ■ A network node can, based on the selected resource group in which Msg1 is transmitted, identify capability or device type of an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) transmitting Msg1. 2. Reporting through Msg3:
[0312] An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can indicate its capability or device type in Msg3 using at least one of the following schemes: ● The UE capability or device type is included as part of Msg3 information and can be transmitted together with device ID in a PDRCH. ● The UE capability or device type is encoded into a device ID of an A-IoT device. A network node can identify a capability or device type of the A-IoT device based on the detection of the device ID. For example, ■ Additional bits are added to be encoded into to device ID to indicate a UE capability or a device type of the A-IoT device. ■ Different groups of device IDs are organized in advance for different UE capabilities or device types. An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) selects a device ID from a device ID group corresponding to a UE capability or device type of the A-IoT device. A network node can, based on the group to which a detected device ID belongs, identify capability or device type of an A-IoT device transmitting Msg 3 .
[0313] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the first device-to-reader IoT signal carries device type or capability related information associated with the IoT device.
[0314] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the second device-to-reader IoT signal carries device type or capability related information associated with the IoT device.
[0315] Embodiment E-2: Reporting packet size.
[0316] An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can use Msg1 or Msg3 to report its packet size (e.g., message size or transport block size (TBS) ) for D2R transmission. 1. Msg1-based reporting: Indication of packet size of an A-IoT device for subsequent D2R transmission (e.g., Msg3 or inventory report) can be included in Msg1. This Msg1-based reporting can rely on at least one of the following schemes: ● Different groups of ID numbers are defined and organized in advance for different packet sizes. An A-IoT device randomly selects an ID from an ID group corresponding to a specific packet size. ■ A network node can, based on the group to which a detected random ID that is randomly-selected by an A-IoT device belongs, identify packet size of an A-IoT device transmitting Msg1. ● Different time-domain resources or frequency-domain resources are defined and organized in advance for different packet sizes. An A-IoT device selects a resource from a resource group corresponding to a specific packet size. ■ A network node can, based on the selected resource group on which Msg1 is transmitted, identify packet size of an A-IoT device transmitting Msg1 . 2. Msg3-based reporting: Indication of packet size of an A-IoT device for subsequent D2R transmission (e.g., inventory report) can be included in Msg3. This Msg3-based reporting can rely on at least one of the following schemes: ● The packet size is included as part of Msg3 information and can be transmitted together with device ID in a PDRCH. ● The information of packet size is encoded into device ID of an A-IoT device, and a network node can identify its packet size based on the detection of device ID. For example, ■ Additional bits are added to be encoded into to device ID to indicate packet size. ■ Different groups of device IDs are organized in advance for different packet sizes. An A-IoT device selects a device ID from a device ID group corresponding to a specific packet size. ◆ A network node can, based on the group to which the detected device ID belongs, identify packet size of an A-IoT device transmitting Msg 3 .
[0317] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the first device-to-reader IoT signal carries packet size related information associated with the IoT device.
[0318] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the second device-to-reader IoT signal carries packet size related information associated with the IoT device.
[0319] Embodiment E-3: Reporting low available energy.
[0320] An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can report low available energy for transmitting a current D2R signal or subsequent D2R signal using Msg1 or Msg3. ● Schemes for reporting low available energy can reuse those described for reporting capability or device type (see Embodiment E-1) . ● A single bit in Msg1 or Msg3 can indicate at least one of the following: ■ The A-IoT device cannot complete transmission of a subsequent D2R signal or reception of a subsequent R2D signal. ■ The A-IoT device cannot complete the transmission of currently transmitted message. ■ The A-IoT device will defer all or part of the transmission to a later occasion. ■ The A-IoT device requires energy charging from a carrier wave signal.
[0321] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the first device-to-reader IoT signal carries available energy related information associated with the IoT device.
[0322] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the second device-to-reader IoT signal carries available energy related information associated with the IoT device.
[0323] Embodiment F: Random Access failure
[0324] A network node can instruct an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) to retransmit Msg3 (in response to previously received Msg2) or re-access a channel via Msg1, if Msg3 transmitted by an A-IoT device is not successfully received by the network node. ● Indication of Msg3 retransmission or channel re-access can rely on a failure-related command transmitted in the PRDCH from a network node to an A-IoT device if Msg3 associated with the A-IoT device is not successfully received by the network node.
[0325] Embodiment F-1: Channel re-access.
[0326] For the case of channel re-access, a network node re-triggers another round of the random access procedure by sending re-trigger information or sending follow-up information (e.g., repetition command) associated with initial trigger information. ● The new round of the random access procedure can target: ■ Any A-IoT devices that have not yet successfully accessed the channel, or ■ Specific A-IoT devices, for example, identified by a group ID or unicast ID, whose Msg1 or Msg3 cannot be detected by the network node. For the case of targeting specific A-IoT devices, device IDs for the specific A-IoT devices can be indicated in the failure-related command. ● Time or frequency resources used for the another round of the random access procedure can be located in the same access occasion as initial trigger or in a different access occasion. ■ The resource deployment (time-domain or frequency-domain) in a different access occasion for re-trigger can be identical to or different from that for initial trigger.
[0327] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, if the IoT device determines the random access procedure is not successful, the IoT device determines to perform channel re-access via transmitting another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node upon receiving another paging message for triggering another random access procedure from the network node.
[0328] Embodiment F-2: Msg 3 retransmission.
[0329] For Msg3 retransmission, a network node transmits feedback information or a retransmission request information to instruct one or more than one A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) to retransmit their Msg3. ● The feedback information or retransmission request information includes at least one of the following: ■ Device IDs of A-IoT devices requested to retransmit Msg3. ■ Time-domain or frequency-domain resources used for Msg3 retransmission. ■ FDMA-based or TDMA-based scheme for Msg3 retransmission. ● The time-domain or frequency-domain resources used for Msg3 retransmission can be configured in at least one of the following ways: ■ The resource deployment is identical to that of the previously mentioned FDMA-based or TDMA-based scheme for initial Msg3 transmission. ■ The time-domain or frequency-domain resource index used for Msg3 retransmission is the identical to the time-domain or frequency-domain resource index used for initial Msg3 transmission. ■ Time or frequency resources used for Msg3 retransmission can be located in the same access occasion as initial Msg3 transmission or in a different access occasion for initial Msg3 transmission. With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the IoT device determines the second device-to-reader IoT message fails to be received by the network node if the IoT device detects the second reader-to-device IoT message, wherein the second reader-to-device IoT message is another first reader-to-device IoT message in response to the first device-to-reader IoT message associated with the IoT device. With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the when the detection of the second device-to-reader IoT message by the network node fails, the network node determines to transmit the second reader-to-device IoT message, wherein the second reader-to-device IoT message is another first reader-to-device IoT message in response to the first device-to-reader IoT message associated with the IoT device.
[0330] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the another first reader-to-device IoT message includes an ID associated with the IoT device, wherein the another first reader-to-device IoT message is used for requesting a retransmission of the second device-to-reader IoT message from the IoT device.
[0331] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the another first reader-to-device IoT message includes resource scheduling information for the IoT device to retransmit the second device-to-reader IoT message.
[0332] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the resource scheduling information provides a frequency-domain resource for retransmission of the second device-to-reader IoT message according to an FDMA-based transmission scheme.
[0333] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the another first reader-to-device IoT message includes more than one ID for responding to more than one first device-to-reader IoT message, wherein each one of the more than one first device-to-reader IoT message is associated with an IoT device.
[0334] Embodiment G: Random Access Result
[0335] A network node can notify an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) whether Msg3 transmission in response to a previously received Msg2 has been successfully received the network node or not by .
[0336] Embodiment G-1: Feedback for Msg3
[0337] Indication of successful or failed Msg3 reception can be provided using at least one of the following schemes: ● Msg3 feedback information carried in a PRDCH, for example, a feedback command indicating whether Msg3 reception at the network node was successful or failed for the A-IoT device. ● Groupcast based or unicast based HARQ-ACK feedback information can be transmitted to A-IoT device (s) . ■ In groupcast-based HARQ-ACK feedback, a single bit of HARQ-ACK feedback is associated with multiple A-IoT devices. i1 ■ In unicast-based HARQ-ACK feedback, each bit of HARQ-ACK feedback is associated with one A-IoT device. ● The Msg3 feedback relevant information can further include device IDs of successfully detected A-IoT devices. A-IoT devices notified of successful access can refrain from re-accessing the channel or retransmitting Msg3, even if re-trigger information or retransmission request is received. ● The Msg3 feedback relevant information can further include device IDs of failed detected A-IoT devices. A-IoT devices notified of failed access can autonomously re-access the channel or retransmit Msg3, or do so upon receiving re-trigger information or retransmission request.
[0338] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the second reader-to-device IoT message includes an ID associated with the IoT device.
[0339] Embodiment G-2: Availability of follow-up A-IoT data
[0340] The indication of successful or failed Msg3 reception is based on whether the A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) detects follow-up A-IoT data. ● If the network node successfully receives the Msg3 from an A-IoT device, the network node can directly transmit follow-up A-IoT data (for example, inventory or command information) to the device via PRDCH. ■ An A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can determine whether transmitted Msg3 has been successfully received by a network node by detecting a transmission of A-IoT related data relevant information (e.g., data of a traffic type of DT or DO-DTT) associated with the A-IoT device. ■ The A-IoT data relevant information can include a target ID or schedule ID identifying an intended A-IoT device for receiving commands from the network node or providing inventory data to the network node. ■ The A-IoT data relevant information may include indication of resource scheduled for an A-IoT to transmit inventory data in PDRCH to the network node. ■ The resource scheduling scheme for inventory data reporting follows the scheme described in Embodiment D for scheduling Msg3 transmission based on Msg2.
[0341] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, an ending point of a time window for the IoT device to monitor the second reader-to-device IoT message is based on whether IoT data relevant information transmitted from the network node is received by the IoT device, wherein the IoT data relevant information is addressed for the IoT device with an associated device ID. With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the IoT device determines an ending point of the time window for monitoring the second reader-to-device IoT message based on whether IoT data relevant information addressed for the IoT device with an associated device ID is received by the IoT device.
[0342] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the IoT device determines the second device-to-reader IoT message is successful to be received by the network node if the second reader-to-device IoT message is detected, and the second reader-to-device IoT message carries IoT data relevant information addressed for the IoT device with an associated ID. With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, when the detection of the second device-to-reader IoT message by the network node is successful, the network node determines to transmit the second reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device, wherein the second reader-to-device IoT message includes IoT data relevant information, and the IoT data relevant information is addressed for the IoT device with an associated ID.
[0343] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the IoT data relevant information includes resource scheduling information for the IoT device to transmit a physical device to reader channel (PDRCH) to the network node.
[0344] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the resource scheduling information provides a frequency-domain resource for frequency division multiple access (FDMA) -based PDRCH transmission.
[0345] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the IoT data relevant information includes a command carried in a physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) intended for reception by the IoT device from the network node. With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, if the IoT device determines the second device-to-reader IoT message fails to be received by the network node, the IoT device determines to perform channel re-access via transmitting another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node upon receiving another paging message for triggering another random access procedure from the network node. With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, if the network node fails to detect the second device-to-reader IoT message, the network node determines to transmit another paging message to the IoT device to trigger another random access procedure, causing the IoT device to perform channel re-access by transmitting another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node. With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, if the detection of the second device-to-reader IoT message by the network node is successful, the network node refrains from transmitting another paging message to trigger another random access procedure to the IoT device, preventing the IoT device from performing channel re-access via transmission of another first device-to-reader IoT message. With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, if the IoT device determines the second device-to-reader IoT message is successful to be received by the network node, the IoT device determines not to perform channel re-access via transmitting another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node upon receiving another paging message for triggering another random access procedure from the network node.
[0346] Embodiment H: A-IoT interface resource
[0347] For the case of Topology 2 deployment, a network node (e.g., gNB) performs resource allocation for an A-IoT interface between an intermediate node (e.g., UE) and an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . The resource allocation scheme for an A-IoT interface can be at least one of the following: With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the network node is a base station or a UE; and
[0348] if the network node is a UE, the UE receives, from a serving base station, resource scheduling information for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission. With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the network node is a base station or a UE; and
[0349] if the network node is a UE, the IoT device receives, from the UE, dedicated resource scheduling information for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission, and the dedicated resource scheduling information is derived from resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station.
[0350] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the network node is a base station or a UE, and if the network node is a UE, the UE receives, from a serving base station, resource scheduling information for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.
[0351] Embodiment H-1: Semi-static scheduling.
[0352] The A-IoT interface resource is semi-statically configured by gNB (e.g., BS 20a or BS 200) via an 3GPP interface (e.g. Uu interface) .
[0353] One or more than one semi-statically configured resource (e.g., configured grant resource) can be configured by a gNB (e.g., BS 20a or BS 200) for an intermediate UE (e.g., UE 10a, UE 10b, and / or UE 100) , and the intermediate UE can select one of configured grant resource for R2D or D2R transmission between the intermediate UE and one or more than one A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . ● When multiple semi-statically configured resources are used, each configured grant resource has corresponding periodicity of a specific length. Different lengths of periodicity can be applied to support different A-IoT application use cases. ● When multiple semi-statically configured resources are used, an intermediate UE (e.g., UE 10a, UE 10b, and / or UE 100) can autonomously select a configured grant resource for scheduling R2D or D2R transmission between the intermediate UE and one or more than one A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . ● A semi-statically configured resource can be configured as a resource pool. The intermediate UE can dynamically select a resource from the resource pool to schedule R2D or D2R transmission between the intermediate UE and one or more than one A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) . ■ The intermediate UE can select different resource locations and resource sizes for different access occasions. ■ The intermediate UE can select different resource locations and resource sizes for different rounds of the inventory procedure or different rounds of the random access procedure, e.g., for initial trigger or re-trigger. ■ The intermediate UE can select different resource locations and resource sizes within a single round of the inventory procedure or the random access procedure (e.g., for initial transmission or retransmission) . ● Based on the traffic type of an A-IoT application, each intermediate UE can be configured with at least one semi-statically configured resource. The gNB can apply at least one of the following configurations: ■ Different semi-statically configured resources are assigned to different intermediate UEs. ■ Some semi-statically configured resources can be shared among different intermediate UEs. ● Each semi-statically configured resource includes resources for R2D signal transmission as well as D2R signal transmission associated with an A-IoT interface. ■ Resource for R2D signal transmission and resource for D2R signal transmission can be configured separately or jointly. ■ A gNB (e.g., BS 20a or BS 200) can pre-establish a link between R2D and D2R resource configurations. The gNB can semi-statically configure the resources using a resource index associated with a paired R2D and D2R resource.
[0354] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station includes one or more than one semi-statically configured resource.
[0355] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, each one of the one or more than one semi-statically configured resource has corresponding periodicity of a specific length for the UE to schedule reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.
[0356] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the network node is a base station or a UE; and if the network node is a UE, the IoT device receives, from the UE, dedicated resource scheduling information for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission, and the dedicated resource scheduling information is derived from resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station. With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the network node is a base station or a UE; and if the network node is a UE, a serving base station transmits, to the UE, resource scheduling information; and the UE transmits, to the IoT device, dedicated resource scheduling information for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission, wherein the dedicated resource scheduling information is derived from the resource scheduling information that the UE receives from the serving base station.
[0357] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station includes one or more than one semi-statically configured resource.
[0358] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, each one of the one or more than one semi-statically configured resource has corresponding periodicity of a specific length for the UE to schedule reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.
[0359] Embodiment H-2: Dynamic scheduling.
[0360] A-IoT interface resource is dynamically scheduled by gNB (e.g., BS 20a or BS 200) , for example, via scheduling DCI. The gNB performs on-demand scheduling of A-IoT interface resource. An intermediate UE (e.g., UE 10a, UE 10b, and / or UE 100) can request A-IoT interface resource from the gNB using a scheduling request (SR) -like signal. ● The SR-like signal includes at least one of the following characteristics: ■ A SR-like signal can request resources for both R2D signal transmission and D2R signal transmission. ■ A SR-like signal can request resources for either R2D signal transmission or D2R signal transmission. Different types of SR-like signals can be defined for R2D signal transmission and D2R signal transmission. ■ Different types of SR-like signals can be defined based on the parameters described in Embodiment A-3-1. For example: ◆ Different A-IoT applications or use cases (for example, inventory or command) or traffic types (for example, DT or DO-DTT) . ◆ Different random access schemes (for example, contention-based or contention-free, 2-step or 4-step) . ◆ Different device capabilities or types (for example, Device 1, Device 2a, or Device 2b) . ■ The intermediate UE can request different resource locations and sizes for different rounds of the inventory procedure or random access procedure (for example, initial trigger vs. re-trigger) . ■ The intermediate UE can request different resource locations and sizes within a single round of the inventory procedure or random access procedure, depending on the type of transmission (for example, initial transmission vs. retransmission) . ● The dynamically scheduled resource includes resources for R2D and D2R transmission. ■ Dynamic scheduled resources for R2D signal transmission and D2R signal transmission can be indicated separately or jointly. ■ A gNB (e.g., BS 20a or BS 200) can pre-establish a link between R2D and D2R resources. The gNB can dynamically assign a resource index associated with a paired R2D and D2R resource.
[0361] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station includes one or more than one dynamically scheduled resource.
[0362] With reference to FIG. 8, in one or more embodiments, the UE requests one or more resources for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission by transmitting one or more scheduling request to the serving base station.
[0363] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station includes one or more than one dynamically scheduled resource.
[0364] With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the UE requests one or more than one dynamically scheduled resource for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission by transmitting one or more scheduling requests to the serving base station. With reference to FIG. 9, in one or more embodiments, the serving base station receives one or more scheduling requests from the UE for one or more than one dynamically scheduled resource for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission
[0365] Embodiment I: A-IoT, UE and gNB:
[0366] With reference to FIG. 11, the UE 100 may include a processor 11a, a memory 12a, and a transceiver 13a. The processor 11a is configured to call and run a computer program stored in the memory 12a, to cause UE 100 in which the processor 11 is installed to execute the disclosed method, steps, and / or functions of a UE. The UE 100 is an example of the UE in the description (e.g., network node in the figures) . The transceiver 13a may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
[0367] With reference to FIG. 12, the base station 200 is a network device and may include a processor 21a, a memory 22a, and a transceiver 23a. The processor 21a is configured to call and run a computer program stored in the memory 22a, to cause network node 200 in which the processor 11 is installed to execute the method, steps, and / or functions of a base station. The gNB is an example of the base station in the description. The transceiver 23a, may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
[0368] With reference to FIG. 13, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides a chip 60 that may correspond to an A-IoT device in the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 60 may implement a corresponding process realized by the A-IoT device in various methods of the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 60 includes a logical circuit 61, and the logical circuit 61 may call and run a computer program from memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0369] Optionally, the chip 60 may also include a memory 62. In particular, the logical circuit 61 may call and run the computer program from the memory 62 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0370] Moreover, the memory 62 may be a separate device from the logical circuit 61 or may be integrated into the logical circuit 61.
[0371] Optionally, the chip 60 may further include an input interface 63. Note that the logical circuit 61 may control the input interface 63 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain messages or data sent by other devices or chips.
[0372] Optionally, the chip 60 may further include an output interface 64. Note that the logical circuit 61 may control the output interface 64 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output messages or data to other devices or chips.
[0373] With reference to FIG. 14, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides a chip 70 that may correspond to a UE in the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 70 may implement a corresponding process realized by the UE in various methods of the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 70 includes a processor 71, and the processor 71 may call and run a computer program from memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0374] Optionally, the chip 70 may also include a memory 72. In particular, the processor 71 may call and run the computer program from the memory 72 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0375] Moreover, the memory 72 may be a separate device from the processor 71 or may be integrated into the processor 71.
[0376] Optionally, the chip 70 may further include an input interface 73. Note that the processor 71 may control the input interface 73 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain messages or data sent by other devices or chips.
[0377] Optionally, the chip 70 may further include an output interface 74. Note that the processor 71 may control the output interface 74 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output messages or data to other devices or chips.
[0378] With reference to FIG. 15, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides another chip 80 that may correspond to a base station (e.g., CN network entity, network node, radio node, the base station, or gNB) in the description, and the chip 80 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the base station in the various methods of the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 80 includes a processor 81, and the processor 81 may call and run a computer program from the memory 82 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0379] Optionally, the chip 80 may further include a memory 82. In particular, the processor 81 may call and run the computer program from the memory 82 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0380] Wherein the memory 82 may be a separate device from the processor 81 or may be integrated into the processor 81.
[0381] Optionally, the chip 80 may also include an input interface 83. In particular, the processor 81 may control the input interface 83 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain messages or data sent by other devices or chips.
[0382] Optionally, the chip may further include an output interface 84. In particular, the processor 81 may control the output interface 84 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output messages or data to other devices or chips.
[0383] The embodiment of the present disclosure is a combination of techniques / processes that may be adopted in 3GPP specification to create an end product.
[0384] While the present disclosure has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements made without departing from the scope of the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A channel access method in a random access procedure for execution by an Internet of things (IoT) device over an IoT interface, comprising:receiving a paging message for triggering a random access procedure from a network node;transmitting a first device-to-reader IoT message at a determined resource location to the network node;monitoring a first reader-to-device IoT message from the network node within a time window in response to the first device-to-reader IoT message;determining whether the random access procedure is successful according to a detection result of the first reader-to-device IoT message;transmitting a second device-to-reader IoT message to the network node if the random access procedure is successful; monitoring a second reader-to-device IoT message from the network node within a time window in response to the second device-to-reader IoT message;determining whether the second device-to-reader IoT message fails to be received by the network node according to a detection result of the second reader-to-device IoT message;receiving, from the network node, another paging message for triggering another random access procedure; anddetermining whether to transmit another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node to perform channel re-access.2.The channel access method of claim 1, wherein the IoT device determines the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission according to an indication carried in the paging message.3.The channel access method of claim 1, wherein the IoT device determines a starting point of the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission based on a time offset relative to an ending point of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.4.The channel access method of claim 1, wherein the IoT device determines the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal based on a random-access-relevant parameter regarding a number of access occasions associated with the paging message.5.The channel access method of claim 1, wherein a length of the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal is derived from the paging message.6.The channel access method of claim 1, wherein the IoT device determines the random access procedure is successful if the IoT device detects the first reader-to-device IoT message associated with the IoT device within the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal.7.The channel access method of claim 6, wherein if the IoT device determines the random access procedure is successful and if the IoT devices determines the second device-to-reader IoT message does not fail to be received by the network node, the IoT device determines not to perform channel re-access via transmitting another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node upon receiving another paging message for triggering another random access procedure from the network node.8.The channel access method of claim 1, wherein the IoT device determines the random access procedure is not successful if the IoT device does not detect the first reader-to-device IoT message associated with the IoT device within the time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT message.9.The channel access method of claim 8, wherein if the IoT device determines the random access procedure is not successful, the IoT device determines to perform channel re-access via transmitting another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node upon receiving another paging message for triggering another random access procedure from the network node.10.The channel access method of claim 1, wherein the IoT device determines the second device-to-reader IoT message fails to be received by the network node if the IoT device detects the second reader-to-device IoT message within the time window for monitoring the second reader-to-device IoT message.11.The channel access method of claim 10, wherein the second reader-to-device IoT message includes a NACK-based hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback in response to the second device-to-reader IoT message transmitted by the IoT device.12.The channel access method of claim 10, wherein the second reader-to-device IoT message includes an ID associated with the IoT device.13.The channel access method of claim 1, wherein the IoT device determines an ending point of the time window for monitoring the second reader-to-device IoT message based on whether IoT data relevant information addressed for the IoT device with an associated device ID is received by the IoT device.14.The channel access method of claim 1, wherein the IoT device determines the second device-to-reader IoT message is successful to be received by the network node if the IoT device does not detect the second reader-to-device IoT message within the time window for monitoring the second reader-to-device IoT message.15.The channel access method of claim 1, wherein the IoT device determines the second device-to-reader IoT message is successful to be received by the network node if the second reader-to-device IoT message is detected, and the second reader-to-device IoT message carries IoT data relevant information addressed for the IoT device with an associated ID.16.The channel access method of claim 15, wherein the IoT data relevant information includes resource scheduling information for the IoT device to transmit a physical device to reader channel (PDRCH) to the network node.17.The channel access method of claim 16, wherein the resource scheduling information provides a frequency-domain resource for frequency division multiple access (FDMA) -based PDRCH transmission.18.The channel access method of claim 15, wherein the IoT data relevant information includes a command carried in a physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) intended for reception by the IoT device from the network node.19.The channel access method of claim 1, wherein the IoT device determines the second device-to-reader IoT message fails to be received by the network node if the IoT device detects the second reader-to-device IoT message, wherein the second reader-to-device IoT message is another first reader-to-device IoT message in response to the first device-to-reader IoT message associated with the IoT device.20.The channel access method of claim 19, wherein the another first reader-to-device IoT message includes an ID associated with the IoT device, wherein the another first reader-to-device IoT message is used for requesting a retransmission of the second device-to-reader IoT message from the IoT device.21.The channel access method of claim 20, wherein the another first reader-to-device IoT message includes resource scheduling information for the IoT device to retransmit the second device-to-reader IoT message.22.The channel access method of claim 21, wherein the resource scheduling information provides a frequency-domain resource for retransmission of the second device-to-reader IoT message according to an FDMA-based transmission scheme.23.The channel access method of claim 19, wherein the another first reader-to-device IoT message includes more than one ID for responding to more than one first device-to-reader IoT message, wherein each one of the more than one first device-to-reader IoT message is associated with an IoT device.24.The channel access method of claim 1, wherein if the IoT device determines the second device-to-reader IoT message fails to be received by the network node, the IoT device determines to perform channel re-access via transmitting another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node upon receiving another paging message for triggering another random access procedure from the network node.25.The channel access method of claim 1, wherein if the IoT device determines the second device-to-reader IoT message is successful to be received by the network node, the IoT device determines not to perform channel re-access via transmitting another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node upon receiving another paging message for triggering another random access procedure from the network node.26.The channel access method of claim 1, wherein the network node is a base station or a UE, and if the network node is a UE, the UE receives, from a serving base station, resource scheduling information for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.27.The channel access method of claim 1, wherein the network node is a base station or a UE; andif the network node is a UE, the IoT device receives, from the UE, dedicated resource scheduling information for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission, and the dedicated resource scheduling information is derived from resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station.28.The channel access method of claim 27, wherein the resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station includes one or more than one semi-statically configured resource.29.The channel access method of claim 28, wherein each one of the one or more than one semi-statically configured resource has corresponding periodicity of a specific length for the UE to schedule reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.30.The channel access method of claim 27, wherein the resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station includes one or more than one dynamically scheduled resource .31.The channel access method of claim 30, wherein the UE requests the one or more than one dynamically scheduled resource for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission by transmitting one or more scheduling requests to the serving base station.32.A device comprising:a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 31.33.A chip, comprising:a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 31.34.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 31.35.A computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 31.36.A computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 31.37.A channel access method in a random access procedure for execution by a network node over an IoT interface, comprising:transmitting a paging message for triggering a random access procedure to an IoT device;detecting a first device-to-reader IoT message at a determined resource location from the IoT device;determining whether to transmit a first reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device according to a result of detecting the first device-to-reader IoT message, wherein the first reader-to-device IoT message signifies that the random access procedure is successful;transmitting the first reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device if the network node successfully detects the first device-to-reader IoT message;detecting a second device-to-reader IoT message from the IoT device in response to the first reader-to-device IoT message;determining whether to transmit a second reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device according to a result of detecting the second device-to-reader IoT message;transmitting the second reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device if the determining whether to transmit the second reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device is positive;determining whether to transmit, to the IoT device, another paging message for triggering another random access procedure; andtransmitting the another paging message to the IoT device if the determining whether to transmit the another paging message to the IoT device is positive.38.The channel access method of claim 37, wherein the a time window for the IoT device to monitor the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission is derived from an indication carried in the paging message.39.The channel access method of claim 37, wherein a starting point of a time window for the IoT device to monitor the first reader-to-device IoT signal transmission is derived from a time offset relative to an ending point of the first device-to-reader IoT signal.40.The channel access method of claim 37, wherein a time window for the IoT device to monitor the first reader-to-device IoT signal is derived from a random-access-relevant parameter regarding a number of access occasions associated with the paging message.41.The channel access method of claim 37, wherein a length of a time window for the IoT device to monitor the first reader-to-device IoT signal is derived from the paging message.42.The channel access method of claim 37, wherein the random access procedure is successful if the IoT device detects a first reader-to-device IoT message associated with the IoT device within a time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT signal.43.The channel access method of claim 42, wherein if the network node determines the random access procedure is successful and if the detection of the second device-to-reader IoT message by the network node is successful, the network node refrains from transmitting another paging message to the IoT device for triggering another random access procedure.44.The channel access method of claim 37, wherein the IoT device determines the random access procedure fails if the IoT device does not detect the first reader-to-device IoT message associated with the IoT device within a time window for monitoring the first reader-to-device IoT message.45.The channel access method of claim 44, wherein if the IoT device determines the random access procedure fails, the IoT device determines to perform channel re-access via transmitting another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node upon receiving another paging message for triggering another random access procedure from the network node.46.The channel access method of claim 37, wherein if the network node fails to detect the second device-to-reader IoT message, the network node determines to transmit the second reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device within a time window.47.The channel access method of claim 46, wherein the second reader-to-device IoT message includes a NACK-based hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback in response to the second device-to-reader IoT message transmitted by the IoT device.48.The channel access method of claim 46, wherein the second reader-to-device IoT message includes an ID associated with the IoT device.49.The channel access method of claim 37, wherein an ending point of a time window for the IoT device to monitor the second reader-to-device IoT message is based on whether IoT data relevant information transmitted from the network node is received by the IoT device, wherein the IoT data relevant information is addressed for the IoT device with an associated device ID.50.The channel access method of claim 37, wherein when the detection of the second device-to-reader IoT message by the network node is successful, the network node refrains from transmitting the second reader-to-device IoT message within a time window.51.The channel access method of claim 37, wherein when the detection of the second device-to-reader IoT message by the network node is successful, the network node determines to transmit the second reader-to-device IoT message to the IoT device, wherein the second reader-to-device IoT message includes IoT data relevant information, and the IoT data relevant information is addressed for the IoT device with an associated ID.52.The channel access method of claim 51, wherein the IoT data relevant information includes resource scheduling information for the IoT device to transmit a physical device to reader channel (PDRCH) to the network node.53.The channel access method of claim 52, wherein the resource scheduling information provides a frequency-domain resource for frequency division multiple access (FDMA) -based PDRCH transmission.54.The channel access method of claim 51, wherein the IoT data relevant information includes a command carried in a physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) intended for reception by the IoT device from the network node.55.The channel access method of claim 37, wherein the when the detection of the second device-to-reader IoT message by the network node fails, the network node determines to transmit the second reader-to-device IoT message, wherein the second reader-to-device IoT message is another first reader-to-device IoT message in response to the first device-to-reader IoT message associated with the IoT device.56.The channel access method of claim 55, wherein the another first reader-to-device IoT message includes an ID associated with the IoT device, wherein the another first reader-to-device IoT message is used for requesting a retransmission of the second device-to-reader IoT message from the IoT device.57.The channel access method of claim 56, wherein the another first reader-to-device IoT message includes resource scheduling information for the IoT device to retransmit the second device-to-reader IoT message.58.The channel access method of claim 57, wherein the resource scheduling information provides a frequency-domain resource for retransmission of the second device-to-reader IoT message according to an FDMA-based transmission scheme.59.The channel access method of claim 55, wherein the another first reader-to-device IoT message includes more than one ID for responding to more than one first device-to-reader IoT message, wherein each one of the more than one first device-to-reader IoT message is associated with an IoT device.60.The channel access method of claim 37, wherein if the network node fails to detect the second device-to-reader IoT message, the network node determines to transmit another paging message to the IoT device to trigger another random access procedure, causing the IoT device to perform channel re-access by transmitting another first device-to-reader IoT message to the network node.61.The channel access method of claim 37, wherein if the detection of the second device-to-reader IoT message by the network node is successful, the network node refrains from transmitting another paging message to trigger another random access procedure to the IoT device, preventing the IoT device from performing channel re-access via transmission of another first device-to-reader IoT message.62.The channel access method of claim 37, wherein the network node is a base station or a UE, and if the network node is a UE, the UE receives, from a serving base station, resource scheduling information for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.63.The channel access method of claim 37, wherein the network node is a base station or a UE; andif the network node is a UE, a serving base station transmits, to the UE, resource scheduling information; and the UE transmits, to the IoT device, dedicated resource scheduling information for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission, wherein the dedicated resource scheduling information is derived from the resource scheduling information that the UE receives from the serving base station.64.The channel access method of claim 63, wherein the resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station includes one or more than one semi-statically configured resource.65.The channel access method of claim 64, wherein each one of the one or more than one semi-statically configured resource has corresponding periodicity of a specific length for the UE to schedule reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.66.The channel access method of claim 63, wherein the resource scheduling information that the UE receives from a serving base station includes one or more than one dynamically scheduled resource.67.The channel access method of claim 66, wherein the serving base station receives one or more scheduling requests from the UE for the one or more than one dynamically scheduled resource for reader-to-device IoT signal transmission or device-to-reader IoT signal transmission.68.A device comprising:a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the method of any of claims 37 to 67.69.A chip, comprising:a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the method of any of claims 37 to 67.70.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 37 to 67.71.A computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 37 to 67.72.A computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 37 to 67.