Apparatus and method for determining transmission parameter for ambient IoT communication in wireless communication system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method for determining a transmission parameter for Ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT) communication in a wireless communication system.

Description

Device and method for determining transmission parameters for ambient IoT communication in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for determining transmission parameters for Ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT) communication in a wireless communication system.

[0002]

[0003] Wireless communication systems are being widely deployed to provide various types of communication services, such as voice and data. Generally, a wireless communication system is a multiple access system capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access), TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access).

[0004]

[0005] To solve the aforementioned problems, the present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for determining transmission parameters for Ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT) communication in a wireless communication system.

[0006] The technical problems to be solved in this disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs from the description below.

[0007]

[0008] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method is provided comprising the steps of: transmitting a Reader-to-Device (R2D) signal including a value M to a second device, wherein the value M is related to the number of On-Off Keying (OOK) symbols within an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; and receiving a Device-to-Reader (D2R) signal transmitted from the second device based on at least one Device-to-Reader (D2R) transmission parameter related to the value M.

[0009] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method is provided comprising the steps of: receiving a Reader-to-Device (R2D) signal including a value M from a first device, wherein the value M is related to the number of On-Off Keying (OOK) symbols within an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; and transmitting a Device-to-Reader (D2R) signal transmitted to the first device based on at least one Device-to-Reader (D2R) transmission parameter related to the value M.

[0010] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device is provided, comprising: a transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions for performing operations when executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operations include all steps of a method performed by the first device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0011] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device is provided, comprising: a transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions for performing operations when executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operations include all steps of a method performed by the second device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0012] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a control device for controlling a first device in a wireless communication system comprises at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to said at least one processor, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on execution by said at least one processor, and said operations include all steps of a method performed by the first device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0013] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a control device for controlling a second device in a wireless communication system comprises at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to said at least one processor, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on execution by said at least one processor, and said operations include all steps of a method performed by the second device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0014] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, wherein the one or more instructions perform operations based on execution by one or more processors, and said operations include all steps of a method performed by a first device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0015] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, wherein the one or more instructions perform operations based on execution by one or more processors, and said operations include all steps of a method performed by a second device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0016]

[0017] To solve the aforementioned problems, the present disclosure may provide an apparatus and a method for determining transmission parameters for Ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT) communication in a wireless communication system.

[0018]

[0019] The drawings attached below are intended to aid in understanding the present disclosure and may provide embodiments of the present disclosure together with the detailed description. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and the features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with one another to form new embodiments. Reference numerals in each drawing may denote structural elements.

[0020] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of physical channels used in a system applicable to the present disclosure and a general signal transmission method using them.

[0021] FIG. 2 is a drawing illustrating an example of a wireless frame structure used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 3 is a drawing illustrating an example of a slot structure used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 4 is a drawing illustrating an example of a slot structure of a wireless frame used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology in which a base station and an A-IoT device are directly connected in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology in which a base station and an A-IoT device are connected through an intermediate node in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology supported by an auxiliary node in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology supported by an auxiliary node in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology in which a terminal and an A-IoT device are directly connected in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of power consumption according to the operating state of an energy harvesting-based device having energy storage capacity in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a device energy state according to the operating state of an energy harvesting-based device having energy storage capacity in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a deployment scenario 1 with topology 1 (indoor BS + indoor Ambient IoT device) using topology 1 (indoor BS + indoor Ambient IoT device) in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a deployment scenario 2 with topology 2 (outdoor BS + Indoor Intermediate UE + Indoor Ambient IoT device) using topology 2 (outdoor BS + Indoor Intermediate UE + Indoor Ambient IoT device) in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the process of generating an OOK (on-off keying) based modulation symbol for AmIoT communication in a system applicable to the present disclosure and mapping the generated OOK symbol to an OFDM symbol.

[0034] FIG. 15 is a drawing illustrating an example of the operation process of a first device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 16 is a drawing illustrating an example of the operation process of a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 17 is a drawing illustrating an example of the structure of a first device and a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0037]

[0038] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0039] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a slash ( / ) or a comma used may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0040] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0041] Additionally, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Also, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” may mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0042] Additionally, parentheses used in various embodiments of the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of various embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDDCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0043] Technical features described individually within one drawing in various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0044]

[0045] Common signal transmission methods in 3GPP

[0046] Physical channels and general signal transmission

[0047] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of physical channels used in a system applicable to the present disclosure and a general signal transmission method using them. Specifically, FIG. 1 illustrates physical channels used in a 3GPP system and a general signal transmission.

[0048] Figure 1 illustrates physical channels used in a 3GPP system and general signal transmission. In a wireless communication system, a terminal receives information from a base station via a downlink (DL) and transmits information to the base station via an uplink (UL). The information transmitted and received by the base station and the terminal includes data and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type and purpose of the information they transmit and receive.

[0049] When the power is turned on again after being off, or when a terminal newly enters a cell, it performs an initial cell search operation, such as synchronizing with the base station (S11). To do this, the terminal receives PSCH (Primary Synchronization Channel) and SSCH (Secondary Synchronization Channel) from the base station to synchronize with the base station and obtain information such as cell ID (cell identity). In addition, the terminal can obtain cell broadcast information by receiving PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) from the base station. Furthermore, during the initial cell search phase, the terminal can check the downlink channel status by receiving DL RS (Downlink Reference Signal).

[0050] After completing the initial cell search, the terminal can obtain more specific system information by receiving the PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and the corresponding PDSCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) (S12).

[0051] Subsequently, the terminal may perform a Random Access Procedure to complete the connection to the base station (S13~S16). Specifically, the terminal transmits a preamble through a PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) (S13) and receives a RAR (Random Access Response) for the preamble through a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH (S14). Subsequently, the terminal transmits a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) using scheduling information within the RAR (S15) and may perform a Conflict Resolution Procedure such as a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH (S16).

[0052] A terminal that has performed the procedure described above may subsequently perform PDCCH / PDSCH reception (S17) and PUSCH / PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) transmission (S18) as a general uplink / downlink signal transmission procedure. The control information transmitted by the terminal to the base station is referred to as UCI (Uplink Control Information). UCI includes HARQ ACK / NACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest Acknowledgement / Negative-ACK), SR (Scheduling Request), CSI (Channel State Information), etc. CSI includes CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), RI (Rank Indication), etc. UCI is generally transmitted via PUCCH, but it may be transmitted via PUSCH if control information and data need to be transmitted simultaneously. Additionally, the terminal may transmit UCI non-periodically via PUSCH in response to requests / instructions from the network.

[0053]

[0054] OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Numerology

[0055] The new RAT system uses the OFDM transmission method or a similar transmission method. The new RAT system may follow OFDM parameters different from those of LTE. Alternatively, the new RAT system may follow the existing LTE / LTE-A numerology but have a larger system bandwidth (e.g., 100 MHz). Or, a single cell may support multiple numerologies. That is, UEs operating with different numerologies can coexist within a single cell.

[0056]

[0057] radio frame structure

[0058] FIG. 2 is a drawing illustrating an example of the structure of a wireless frame used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0059] In NR, uplink and downlink transmissions consist of frames. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and is defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame is defined as five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot contains 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP). When a standard CP is used, each slot contains 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 symbols. Here, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) or SC-FDMA symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM symbols).

[0060] Table 1 illustrates how the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe vary depending on the SCS when a standard CP is used.

[0061] SCS (15*2^u)N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 15KHz (u=0)1410130KHz (u=1)1420260KHz (u=2)14404120KHz (u=3)14808240KHz (u=4)1416016

[0062] N slot symb is the number of symbols in the slot. N frame,uslot is the number of slots within the frame. N subframe,u slot is the number of slots within the subframe.

[0063]

[0064] Table 2 illustrates how, when extended CP is used, the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe vary depending on the SCS.

[0065] SCS (15*2^u)N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 60KHz (u=2)12404

[0066] NR supports multiple numerologies (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands; when the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, it supports dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, it supports a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0067] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may change; for example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2) may be as shown in Table 3 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "sub 6GHz range" and FR2 may mean "above 6GHz range" and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0068] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0069] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system may change. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, for example, for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0070] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0071] In an NR system, the OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) can be configured differently among multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., SF, slot, or TTI) (collectively referred to as TU (Time Unit) for convenience) composed of the same number of symbols can be configured differently among the merged cells.

[0072]

[0073] FIG. 3 is a drawing illustrating an example of a slot structure used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0074] A slot contains multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a standard CP, one slot contains 7 symbols, whereas in the case of an extended CP, one slot contains 6 symbols. A carrier contains multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) is defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Bandwidth Part (BWP) is defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain and can correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can contain up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through the active BWPs, and only one BWP can be active for a single terminal. In the resource grid, each element is referred to as a Resource Element (RE) and can be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0075]

[0076] FIG. 4 is a drawing illustrating an example of a slot structure of a wireless frame used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0077] Figure 4 illustrates the slot structure of a frame of an NR system as an exemplary system.

[0078] The frame structure of NR is characterized by a self-contained structure in which a DL control channel, DL or UL data, and a UL control channel can all be included within a single slot unit, as shown in the example of FIG. 4. In this case, DL data scheduling information and UL data scheduling information can be transmitted in the DL control channel, while ACK / NACK information for DL ​​data, CSI information (modulation and coding scheme information, MIMO transmission-related information, etc.), and scheduling requests can be transmitted in the UL control channel. In FIG. 4, a time gap for DL-to-UL or UL-to-DL switching may exist between the control area and the data area. Additionally, some of the DL control, DL data, UL data, and UL control channels may not be configured within a single slot. Alternatively, the order of channels constituting a single slot may vary (for example, DL control, DL data, UL control, UL data, or UL control, UL data, DL control, DL data, etc.).

[0079]

[0080] Ambient IoT communication (Rel-18)

[0081] A-IoT (Ambient Internet of Things) can be a new type of device or segment that operates solely on energy harvested from the surrounding environment. For example, A-IoT can refer to a new type of Internet of Things device that operates by being powered by various energy sources harvestable from the surrounding environment, such as radio waves, light, motion, and thermal energy. Table 5 shows examples of use cases for A-IoT.

[0082] Inventory: Smart labeling / identification in warehouse, supply chain, airport shipping, manufacturing, logistics, retail, etc. Sensor: Environment sensing in smart farm, smart city, smart home, smart grid, etc. Positioning: Location tracking and ranging in indoor / outdoor for assets, products, personal item tracking, etc. Command: Actuator, device activation / deactivation, electronic labeling, etc.

[0083] The following indicates matters related to IoT communication discussed in the 3GPP RAN.

[0084] This study targets a new 3GPP IoT technology suitable for deployment in a 3GPP system, which relies on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for very-low-end IoT applications.

[0085] This study should provide clear differentiation by addressing use cases and scenarios that cannot be fulfilled based on existing 3GPP LPWA IoT technology, e.g., NB-IoT, including with reduced peak transmit power.

[0086]

[0087] In terms of energy storage, this study will consider the following device characteristics:

[0088] - Pure batteryless devices with no energy storage capability at all, and completely dependent on the availability of an external source of energy

[0089] - Devices with limited energy storage capability that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually.

[0090] Device categorization based on corresponding characteristics (e.g., energy source, energy storage capability, passive / active transmission, etc.) may be discussed during the study in relation with the relevant use cases.

[0091] The device's peak power consumption shall be limited by its practical form factor for the intended use cases, and shall consider its energy source.

[0092]

[0093] Suitable deployment scenarios and their characteristics must be identified, including the following aspects:

[0094] - Indoor / Outdoor environment

[0095] - Basestation characteristics, e.g., macro / micro / pico cell-based deployments

[0096] - Connectivity topologies, including which node(s), e.g., basestation, UE, relay, repeater, etc. can communicate with target devices

[0097] - TDD / FDD and frequency bands in licensed or unlicensed spectrum

[0098] - Coexistence with UEs and infrastructure in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies

[0099] - Device originated and / or device terminated traffic assumption

[0100]

[0101] Note: There can be more than one deployment scenario identified for a use case, and a deployment scenario may be common to more than one use case.

[0102] Note: Where more than one deployment scenario is identified for a use case, the trade-offs between them should also be studied.

[0103] Note: This study does not prioritize deployment aspects that should be coordinated with SA, e.g., public or private network, with or without CN connection.

[0104] Note: A representative use case can be studied for a group of use cases that have similar requirements.

[0105]

[0106] Formulate a set of RAN design targets based on the identified deployment scenarios and their characteristics for the relevant use cases, at least including:

[0107] - Power consumption

[0108] Complexity

[0109] - Coverage

[0110] - Data rate

[0111] - Positioning accuracy

[0112]

[0113] Note: The requirements from SA1 on the relevant use cases shall be taken into consideration.

[0114] Note: This study should aim to provide better coverage compared to existing non-3GPP technologies for the relevant use cases.

[0115] Note: Other RAN design targets in relation to connection density, mobility, security, latency, reliability, etc. may be discussed, if necessary for the relevant use cases.

[0116] Note: Detailed definitions of the RAN design targets should be discussed during the study.

[0117]

[0118] Compare and assess the feasibility of meeting the design targets for relevant use case based on the deployment scenario(s) appropriate to it, and identify assumptions on required functionality to be supported.

[0119] Note: This is not to require a detailed WG-level analysis.

[0120]

[0121] Note: This study targets an IoT segment well below the existing 3GPP IoT technologies, such as NB-IoT, eMTC, and RedCap.

[0122] This study does not aim to replace existing 3GPP LPWA technologies.

[0123]

[0124] For example, active signal generation and / or backscattering may be one of the communication technologies considered to achieve low-power operation of A-IoT devices. For example, backscattering is a widely used technique in radio frequency identification (RFID) that can enable a device to communicate with a network by reflecting incident waves after modulating them with information to be transmitted. For example, the device may be powered by an incident RF signal or stored energy.

[0125] For example, A-IoT devices can be classified into various device types, such as passive, semi-passive, and active, depending on the energy storage and transmission signal generation methods. For example, a passive device does not have an energy storage device (e.g., a capacitor) and can communicate based on backscatter communication technology. For example, a semi-passive device has an energy storage device and can communicate using backscatter communication technology with the assistance of the energy storage device. For example, an active device has an energy storage device and can communicate by actively generating signals using active RF components and stored energy. For example, in the present disclosure, the following three types of IoT devices may be considered. For example, device A may be a device without energy storage and without independent signal generation (e.g., a device supporting backscatter transmission). For example, device B may be a device with energy storage and without independent signal generation (e.g., a device supporting backscatter transmission). In this case, for example, the use of the stored energy may include amplification of the reflected signal. For example, device C may be a device with energy storage and independent signal generation (e.g., a device with an active RF component for transmission).

[0126] For example, the following basic topologies may be considered to support A-IoT devices in indoor and outdoor scenarios. For example, basic topologies may include a direct connection between a base station and an A-IoT device, a connection between a base station, an intermediate node, and an A-IoT device, support for connection by an auxiliary node, and / or a connection between a terminal and an A-IoT device. The basic topologies proposed in this disclosure are merely examples, and the proposals of this disclosure may be extended and applied to other topologies.

[0127]

[0128] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology (topology 1) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are directly connected in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0129] The embodiment of FIG. 5 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0130] Referring to FIG. 5, an A-IoT device can communicate directly and bidirectionally with a base station. For example, communication between a base station and an A-IoT device may include A-IoT data and / or signals. For example, A-IoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel). In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the base station transmitting to the A-IoT device and the base station receiving from the A-IoT device may be different. For example, in the topology 1, a base station in a micro-cell environment and an A-IoT device can communicate directly with each other. For example, the base station may be located at a co-site with a base station equipped with existing 3GPP technology.

[0131]

[0132] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology (topology 2) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are connected through an intermediate node in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0133] The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0134] Referring to FIG. 6, an A-IoT device can communicate bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the device and the base station. Here, for example, the intermediate node may be an A-IoT-enabled relay, IAB node, terminal, repeater, etc. For example, the intermediate node may transmit A-IoT data and / or signals between the base station and the A-IoT device. For example, A-IoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel). In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the intermediate node transmitting to the A-IoT device and the intermediate node receiving from the A-IoT device may be different. For example, in the topology 2, an intermediate node may exist between the base station in a macro-cell environment and the A-IoT device. For example, the base station may be located at a co-site with a base station equipped with existing 3GPP technology. For example, the intermediate node can be limited to a terminal, and the intermediate node can be located indoors.

[0135]

[0136] FIG. 7 is a drawing illustrating an example of a topology (topology 3) supported by an auxiliary node in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0137] FIG. 8 is a drawing illustrating an example of a topology (topology 3) supported by an auxiliary node in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0138] The embodiments of FIGS. 7 and 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0139] Referring to FIG. 7, an auxiliary node may be supported for downlink reception. For example, an A-IoT device may transmit data / signals to a base station, and the A-IoT device may receive data / signals from an auxiliary node. Referring to FIG. 8, an auxiliary node may be supported for uplink transmission. For example, an A-IoT device may receive data / signals from a base station, and the A-IoT device may transmit data / signals to an auxiliary node. Here, for example, the auxiliary node may be an A-IoT-enabled relay, IAB node, terminal, repeater, etc.

[0140]

[0141] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology (topology 4) in which a terminal and an A-IoT device are directly connected in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0142] The embodiment of FIG. 9 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0143] Referring to FIG. 9, an A-IoT device can communicate bidirectionally with a terminal. For example, communication between the terminal and the A-IoT device may include A-IoT data and / or signals. For example, A-IoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel).

[0144] For example, transmission by an A-IoT device can be performed in the frequency division duplexing (FDD) spectrum (e.g., FDD UL spectrum).

[0145]

[0146] Ambient IoT solutions SI (Rel-19)

[0147] A study item titled "Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR" was approved in 3GPP NR release 19. Specifically, the study item is scheduled to proceed in 3GPP NR release 19 based on the following content.

[0148]

[0149] The following is excerpted from 3GPP Draft RP-234058.

[0150] This study aims for a further RAN WG-level assessment of Ambient IoT, a new 3GPP IoT technology suitable for deployment in a 3GPP system, which relies on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for very-low-end IoT applications.

[0151] This study should provide clear differentiation by addressing use cases and scenarios that cannot be fulfilled based on existing 3GPP LPWA IoT technology (including NB-IoT and reduced peak transmit power).

[0152]

[0153] General Scope

[0154] The definitions provided in TR 38.848 apply to this SI, and the following are included in the exclusive general scope:

[0155]

[0156] A. Overall objective of studying the design of an integrated air interface for Ambient IoT (The overall objective shall be to study a harmonized air interface design with minimized differences (where necessary) for Ambient IoT to enable the following devices):

[0157]

[0158] i. ~1 μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, neither DL nor UL amplification in the device. The device's UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.

[0159]

[0160] ii. ≤ a few hundred μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The device's UL transmission may be generated internally by the device, or be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.

[0161]

[0162] X is to be decided in WGs.

[0163] Coverage design goal: Maximum distance of 10-50m based on indoor devices according to TR 38.848 ("...a range that WGs can sub-select within").

[0164] For Topologies 1 & 2 (UE as intermediate node under NW control) per TR 38.848, with no RRC states, no mobility (i.e., at least no cell selection / re-selection-like function), no HARQ, no ARQ.

[0165] Note 1: "≤ a few hundred μW" is not a task of setting a specific value, and a design satisfying the corresponding power consumption will be determined through WG discussions.

[0166]

[0167] B. Deployment Scenarios with the following characteristics, referenced to the tables in Clause 4.2.2 of TR 38.848:

[0168]

[0169] Deployment Scenario 1 (Topology 1): Basestation and coexistence characteristics: Micro-cell, co-site.

[0170] Deployment scenario 2 (Topology 2): Use a UE under network control as an intermediate node. Basestation and coexistence characteristics: Macrocell, co-site.

[0171] The location of the intermediate node is indoors.

[0172] C. FDD in the FR1 licensed spectrum.

[0173] D. Spectrum deployment in-band to NR, in guard-band to LTE / NR, in standalone band(s).

[0174] E. Traffic types DO-DTT and DT, with focus on rUC1 (indoor inventory) and rUC4 (indoor command).

[0175]

[0176] From RAN#104, the study will assess whether the harmonized air interface design (per bullet 'A' above) can address the DO-A (Device-originated autonomous) use case.

[0177] Identify which part(s) of the harmonized air interface design (per bullet 'A' above) is / are not sufficient for the DO-A use case.

[0178] Transmission from Ambient IoT device (including backscattering when used) can occur at least in UL spectrum.

[0179]

[0180] The following objectives are set within the General Scope:

[0181]

[0182] 1. Evaluation assumptions

[0183] a) Conclude at least the following aspects of design targets left to WGs in Clause 5 (RAN design targets) of TR 38.848 [RAN1]:

[0184]

[0185] Clause 5.3: Applicable maximum distance target values(s)

[0186] Clause 5.6: Refine the definition of latency suitable for use in RAN WGs

[0187] Clause 5.8: 2D distribution of devices

[0188] b) Define necessary further evaluation assumptions of deployment scenarios for coverage and coexistence evaluations (RAN1, RAN4).

[0189] c) Identify basic blocks / components of possible Ambient IoT device architectures, taking into account state of the art implementations of low-power low-complexity devices which meet the RAN design target for power consumption and complexity. [RAN1]).

[0190] d) Define link budget calculation for coverage, including whether / how to model carrier wave from node(s) inside or outside the connectivity topology.

[0191]

[0192] Note: The assessment performance of the design targets is conducted within the process of studying the feasibility and necessity of proposals in the following objectives through field reference implementations, simulations, and analytical checks.

[0193] Note: Strive to minimize evaluation cases in RAN1.

[0194]

[0195] 2. Study necessary and feasible solutions for Ambient IoT as prescribed in the General Scope

[0196] Determine essential functions, procedures, etc., and ensure at least the essential functions specified in Section 6.2 of TR 38.848 (including decisions on which functions, procedures, etc. are needed and not needed, and ensuring at least the required functionalities in Section 6.2 of TR 38.848).

[0197] In Rel-19, the study of positioning is led by RAN3 and is limited to functions that have no or minimal specification impact.

[0198] Note: This does not imply any decision relating to WI creation.

[0199] Study the feasibility and required functionalities for proximity determination.

[0200] Coordination with SA3 is required for privacy aspects.

[0201] RAN1-led:

[0202] Research the following items for Ambient IoT DL and UL:

[0203] Frame structure, synchronization and timing, random access

[0204] Numbering systems, bandwidths, and multiple access

[0205] Waveforms and modulations

[0206] Channel coding

[0207] Downlink channel / signal aspects

[0208] Uplink channel / signal aspects

[0209] Scheduling and timing relationships

[0210] Study necessary characteristics of carrier-wave waveform for a carrier wave provided externally to the Ambient IoT device, including for interference handling at the Ambient IoT UL receiver and at the NR base station.

[0211] For Topology 2, no difference in physical layer design from Topology 1.

[0212] RAN2-led

[0213] Study and decide which functions are needed for an Ambient IoT compact protocol stack and lightweight signaling procedure to enable DO-DTT and DT data transmission, and study those functions.

[0214] example:

[0215] Paging

[0216] Random access

[0217] Data transmission, including necessary radio resource control aspects, respecting the limitation in the General Scope

[0218] Interactions with upper layers

[0219] Functions not listed above are studied only if they are confirmed to be essential.

[0220] RAN3-led

[0221] Identify necessary impacts on signaling and procedures for the CN-RAN interface to enable the following:

[0222] Paging

[0223] Device context management

[0224] Data transport

[0225] Identify RAN architecture aspects, including whether support for split architecture is necessary.

[0226] Identify potential solutions for locating an Ambient IoT device with no specification impact, e.g., reusing existing user location report, or minimal specification impact to convey location information to the core network.

[0227] RAN4-led

[0228] Coexistence study of Ambient IoT and NR / LTE.

[0229] RF requirements study for Ambient IoT

[0230] Ambient IoT Base Station Transmission and Reception

[0231] Ambient IoT Device Transmission and Reception as Per General Scope

[0232] Intermediate node (UE), as per the General Scope, transmission and reception

[0233] RAN2 and RAN3 are expected to identify the RAN-CN functional split in coordination with SA2.

[0234]

[0235] Note: This study targets an IoT segment well below the existing 3GPP IoT technologies, such as NB-IoT, eMTC, and RedCap.

[0236] This study does not aim to replace existing 3GPP LPWA technologies.

[0237]

[0238]

[0239] For example, as in the 3GPP Draft RP-234058 above, the types of A-IoT devices can be classified into two as follows. For example, a Type 1 device has a maximum power consumption of approximately 1 uW, is capable of energy storage, has no amplification function, and can perform transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station or terminal, or a separate node). For example, a Type 2 device has a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred uW, is capable of energy storage, has an amplification function, and can perform transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station or terminal, or a separate node) or by using a signal generated internally.

[0240] For example, in addition to the classification methods described above, the type / class of an A-IoT device may be distinguished based on parameters associated with device characteristics (e.g., presence / capacity of energy storage, degree of energy / power consumption, presence / capability of amplification, presence / capability of a band-pass filter (BPF), supported DL / UL transmission method(s), etc.) or combinations of parameters. Here, for example, the BPF capability may be distinguished by the 3-dB bandwidth of the supported BPF, sharpness, etc., and the UL transmission methods may be distinguished by, for example, backscattered UL transmission, UL transmission by internal signal generation, etc.

[0241] In addition, the type / class of an A-IoT device may be subdivided based on parameters associated with the above device characteristics (e.g., presence / capacity of energy storage, degree of energy / power consumption, presence / capability of amplification, presence / capability of a band-pass filter (BPF), supported DL / UL transmission method(s), etc.) or combinations of such parameters. For example, the above-described Type 2 device may be classified into Type 2a when it performs transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station or terminal, or a separate node), and Type 2b when it performs transmission using a signal generated internally. In this case, Types 2a and 2b may be identical in that they have a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred uW, are capable of energy storage, and have amplification capabilities.

[0242] For example, some types / classes of A-IoT devices (e.g., device B, device C, type 1 device, and / or type 2 device) may be equipped with energy storage capabilities (e.g., capacitors or charging batteries) for the following purposes.

[0243] - Securing stable energy at the time of reception / transmission

[0244] - Operation of low-power communication modules through energy storage in low RF energy states

[0245] For example, the minimum RF reception sensitivity for operating a low-power communication module may be -20dBm, and the minimum reception sensitivity for energy harvesting may be -20dBm. In this case, if the received power of the A-IoT device is distributed between -30 and -20dBm, communication may be impossible without a capacitor, and communication may be possible after a charging time with a capacitor.

[0246] - Store energy harvested from different energy sources (e.g., solar, thermal, wind, kinetic, etc.) in a single capacitor to operate a low-power communication module at a desired time.

[0247]

[0248] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of power consumption according to the operating state of an energy harvesting-based device having energy storage capacity in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0249] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a device energy state according to the operating state of an energy harvesting-based device having energy storage capacity in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0250] The embodiments of FIGS. 10 and 11 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0251] Referring to FIG. 11, S1 may be a sleep state, S2 may be an active state, and P1 and P2 may be power consumption in S1 and S2, respectively. For example, the active state may mean a state in which the device consumes power to perform operations such as receiving / transmitting for communication or sensing, and the sleep state may be a state that is not an active state.

[0252] FIG. 10 may represent the device energy state corresponding to FIG. 11. Referring to FIG. 10, the E1 and E2 values ​​may vary by device (type / class), and the device may report information related to the E1 value and / or information related to the E2 value as capability parameters to R and / or the base station. For example, the E2 value may be defined as the energy value in the buffered state, and the E1 value as the minimum energy value required in the active state.

[0253] For example, the transition from S1 to S2 may be possible only when the device energy state value is E2 or reaches E2. For example, the transition from S1 to S2 may be possible when the device energy state value is greater than E1 (i.e., within the range between E1 and E2). The embodiments of FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate an example in which the transition from S1 to S2 is performed when the device energy state value is E2 or reaches E2.

[0254] For example, an A-IoT device may require an externally provided CW for backscatter transmission. For example, the CW can be used to supply energy to A-IoT devices or as a CW for DL ​​transmission, regardless of the transmission mode (e.g., backscatter transmission or internally generated transmission).

[0255] For example, CW waveforms can be supported in various types. For instance, the type of CW waveform can be a single-tone CW waveform or a somewhat complex multi-tone CW waveform. For instance, single-tone CW may be advantageous over multi-tone CW in terms of the multiplexing capacity of tags or readers and in terms of interference, as it uses fewer resources. On the other hand, multi-tone CW has advantages, such as the ability to deliver more energy when transmitting CW over DL and to secure greater coverage on a single device.

[0256] Considering the advantages of these different CW waveform types, multiple CW waveform types may be supported in an A-IoT system, and the base station / IN / AN / UE may configure the CW waveform type. For example, one or more CW waveform types supported in the A-IoT communication system may be pre-configured / defined, and the base station / IN / AN / UE may select one of the one or more supported CW waveform types and transmit it to an A-IoT device. For example, the base station / IN / AN / UE may configure / instruct / display the selected CW waveform type to the A-IoT device in the form of a command / message transmitted as a preamble / frame-sync or payload.

[0257] For example, in the present disclosure, for A-IoT communication, at least one of the necessary characteristics of a carrier waveform for a carrier provided outside the A-IoT device (including interference handling at the A-IoT device UL receiver and NR base station) may be proposed. For example, in the present disclosure, for A-IoT communication, at least one of paging, random access, data transmission including necessary radio resource control aspects complying with general range limitations, interaction with upper layers (e.g., RRC layer, NAS (non-access stratum) layer, application layer, etc.), device context management, data transmission, coexistence of A-IoT and 6G / NR / LTE, and / or RF requirements for A-IoT may be proposed.

[0258]

[0259] Technical terms used in this disclosure

[0260] - SSB: Synchronization Signal Block

[0261] - MIB: Master Information Block

[0262] - RMSI: Remaining Minimum System Information

[0263] - FR1: Frequency Range 1. Refers to the frequency range of 6 GHz or lower (e.g., 450 MHz ~ 6000 MHz).

[0264] - FR2: Frequency Range 2. Refers to the millimeter wave (mmWave) region of 24 GHz or higher (e.g., 24250 MHz ~ 52600 MHz).

[0265] - BW: Bandwidth

[0266] - BWP: Bandwidth Part

[0267] - RNTI: Radio Network Temporary Identifier

[0268] - CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check

[0269] - SIB: System Information Block

[0270] - SIB1: SIB1 for NR devices = RMSI (Remaining Minimum System Information). Broadcasts information necessary for cell connection of NR terminals.

[0271] - CORESET (COntrol REsource SET): Time / frequency resource when the NR terminal attempts candidate PDCCH decoding

[0272] - CORESET#0: CORESET for Type0-PDCCH CSS set for NR devices (configured in MIB)

[0273] - Type0-PDCCH CSS set: a search space set in which an NR UE monitors a set of PDCCH candidates for a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a SI-RNTI

[0274] - MO: PDCCH Monitoring Occasion for Type0-PDCCH CSS set

[0275] - SIB1-R: (additional) SIB1 for reduced capability NR devices. This may be limited to cases where it is created as a separate TB from SIB1 and transmitted via a separate PDSCH.

[0276] - CORESET#0-R: CORESET#0 for reduced capability NR devices

[0277] - Type0-PDCCH-R CSS set: a search space set in which a redcap UE monitors a set of PDCCH candidates for a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a SI-RNTI

[0278] - MO-R: PDCCH Monitoring Occasion for Type0-PDCCH CSS set

[0279] - Cell defining SSB (CD-SSB): An NR SSB that includes RMSI scheduling information

[0280] - Non-cell defining SSB (non-CD-SSB): Refers to an SSB deployed in an NR sync raster that does not include the corresponding cell's RMSI scheduling information for measurement purposes. However, it may include information indicating the location of the cell defining SSB.

[0281] - SCS: subcarrier spacing

[0282] - SI-RNTI: System Information Radio-Network Temporary Identifier

[0283] - Camp on: "Camp on" is the UE state in which the UE stays on a cell and is ready to initiate a potential dedicated service or to receive an ongoing broadcast service.

[0284] - TB: Transport Block

[0285] - RSA (Redcap standalone): Redcap device 또는 service만 지원하는 cell.

[0286] - SIB1(-R)-PDSCH: SIB1(-R)을 전송하는 PDSCH

[0287] - SIB1(-R)-DCI: SIB1(-R)-PDSCH를 scheduling하는 DCI. DCI format 1_0 with CRC scrambled by SI-RNTI.

[0288] - SIB1(-R)-PDCCH: SIB1(-R)-DCI를 전송하는 PDCCH

[0289] - FDRA: Frequency Domain Resource Allocation

[0290] - TDRA: Time Domain Resource Allocation

[0291] - RA: Random Access

[0292] - MSGA: preamble and payload transmissions of the random access procedure for 2-step RA type.

[0293] - MSGB: response to MSGA in the 2-step random access procedure. MSGB may consist of response(s) for contention resolution, fallback indication(s), and backoff indication.

[0294] - RO-N: RO(RACH Occasion) for normal UE 4-step RACH and 2-step RACH (if configured)

[0295] - RO-N1, RO-N2: When separate ROs are configured for normal UE 2-step RACH, they are distinguished as RO-N1 (4-step) and RO-N2 (2-step).

[0296] - RO-R: RO (RACH Occasion) configured separately from RO-N for RedCap UE 4-step RACH and 2-step RACH (if configured)

[0297] - RO-R1, RO-R2: When separate ROs are configured for Redcap UE 2-step RACH, they are distinguished as RO-R1 (4-step) and RO-R2 (2-step).

[0298] - PG-R: MsgA-Preambles Group for redcap UEs

[0299] - RAR: Random Access Response

[0300] - RAR window: the time window to monitor RA response(s)

[0301] - FH: Frequency Hopping

[0302] - iBWP: initial BWP

[0303] - iBWP-DL(-UL): initial DL(UL) BWP

[0304] - iBWP-DL(-UL)-R: (separate) initial DL(UL) BWP for RedCap

[0305] - CS: Cyclic shift

[0306] - NB: Narrowband

[0307] - TO: Traffic Offloading

[0308] - mMTC; massive Machine Type Communications

[0309] - eMBB: enhanced Mobile Broadband Communication

[0310] - URLLC: Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication

[0311] - RedCap: Reduced Capability

[0312] - eRedCap: enhanced RedCap

[0313] - FDD: Frequency Division Duplex

[0314] - HD-FDD: Half-Duplex-FDD

[0315] - DRX: Discontinuous Reception

[0316] - RRC: Radio Resource Control

[0317] - RRM: Radio Resource Management

[0318] - MM: Mobility Management

[0319] - IWSN: Industrial Wireless Sensor Network

[0320] - LPWA: Low Power Wide Area

[0321] - RB: Resource Block

[0322] - CCE: Control Channel Element

[0323] - AL: Aggregation Level

[0324] - PRG: Physical Resource-block Group

[0325] - DFT-s-OFDM: DFT-spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0326] - PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel

[0327] - A-PBCH: Additional PBCH

[0328] - BD: blind detection

[0329] - EPRE: Energy Per RE

[0330] - SNR: Signal-to-Noise Ratio

[0331] - TDM: Time Division Multiplexing

[0332] - FDM: Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0333] - DMRS: DeModulation Reference Signal

[0334] - TDD: Time Division Duplex

[0335] - PCI: Physical layer Cell ID

[0336] - EH: Energy Harvesting

[0337] - EH device: A device operating on an EH basis. It may include all of Device A / B / C currently under discussion at 3GPP. Additionally, while the present disclosure primarily considers RF EH, the EH device does not necessarily have to be RF EH-based.

[0338] - ES: Energizing Signal. A signal / channel transmitted by a base station / IN / AN / UE for the purpose of supplying RF energy to a device operating on an RF-based energy harvesting basis. (Modulated) CW, NR / LTE DL / UL signals, etc. can be ES, and a dedicated signal / channel for ES can be designed to support it.

[0339] - ET: Energy Transfer

[0340] - CW: Carrier wave. Ambient IoT devices supporting backscattering-based UL transmission transmit information by modulating and backscattering the "externally provided" CW. Ambient IoT devices supporting independent signal generation-based UL transmission transmit information by modulating the "internally generated" CW. Unless otherwise noted, it is assumed to refer to the "externally provided" CW for backscattering. The CW can be used as an ES (Energizing Signal) for RF energy transfer.

[0341] - CWN: Carrier Wave Node. A node that provides the above CW. It may be a base station, IN, AN, or UE, and a separate CWN may exist for the purpose of providing CW.

[0342] - R: Reader / Interrogator. This is an RFID standard term. In the 3GPP Ambient IoT context, depending on the topology, gNBs / eNBs, intermediate / assisting nodes, UEs, etc., can act as readers. Furthermore, since Ambient IoT is not limited to 4G / 5G communication systems, it can include base stations, intermediate / assisting nodes, and UEs of next-generation communication systems. It may also refer to an Ambient IoT reader.

[0343] - T: Tag / ambient IoT device. An RFID standard term. It may be interchangeable with EH device in this disclosure, and in the 3GPP Ambient IoT context, it primarily refers to Ambient IoT device, Device A / B / C.

[0344] - D: Ambient IoT device (may have the same meaning as T above)

[0345] - R→T: Reader-to-Tag or Reader-to-Tag communication link. If the base station or intermediate / assisting node is the reader, it may have the same meaning as DL or forward link.

[0346] - R2D: R-to-D link (may have the same meaning as R→T. May be denoted as R→D.)

[0347] - CW2D: CWN-to-D link (CW node to Ambient IoT device link)

[0348] - T→R: Tag-to-Reader or Tag-to-Reader communication link. If the base station or intermediate / assisting node is a reader, it may have the same meaning as UL or reverse / backward link.

[0349] - D2R: May have the same meaning as T→R. Can be written as D→R.

[0350] - R↔T: Includes cases of R→T and T→R, or R→T or T→R. May apply to both R→T and T→R.

[0351] - R↔D: Includes cases of R2D and D2R, or R2D or D2R. May apply to both R2D and D2R. (May have the same meaning as R↔T)

[0352] - RF-EH: RF energy harvesting

[0353] - PRDCH: Physical R2D CHannel (may be denoted as PR2DCH). Physical channel for R2D communication.

[0354] - PDRCH: Physical D2R CHannel (may be denoted as PD2RCH). Physical channel for D2R communication.

[0355] - BS: Base Station

[0356] - IN: Intermediate node. In Topology 2 (BS ↔ IN ↔ Ambient IoT device), IN acts as a reader. Relays, IABs, UEs, repeaters, etc., can be INs.

[0357] - AN: Assisting node. It can assist with DL transmission in Topology 3-1 (BS → AN → Ambient IoT device → BS) or assist with UL transmission in Topology 3-2 (BS → Ambient IoT device → AN → BS). Relays, IABs, UEs, repeaters, etc. can be ANs.

[0358] - UE: User Equipment. In the case of LTE, NR, or next-generation communication systems, it refers to the LTE, NR, or next-generation communication system UE / terminal, respectively. It is a general wireless communication terminal form distinct from Ambient IoT devices or Devices A / B / C. In Topology 4 (UE ↔ Ambient IoT device), the UE acts as a reader.

[0359] - Device: Unless otherwise noted, and when used alone, it refers to the EH device, Ambient IoT device, or Device A / B / C without distinction.

[0360] - AmIoT: Ambient IoT (=A-IoT)

[0361] - F-gap: Frequency gap

[0362] - T-gap: Time gap

[0363] - TD: Time Domain

[0364] - FD: Frequency Domain

[0365] - PEI: Paging Early Indication

[0366] - LP-WUS: Low-Power Wake-Up Signal

[0367] - LP-SS: Low-Power Synchronization Signal

[0368] - RSRP: Reference Signal Received Power

[0369] - ESRP: ES Received Power. May refer to RSRP measured using ES. May have the same meaning as ES-RSRP.

[0370] - PRB: Physical Resource Block

[0371] - EH circuit: A circuit that performs EH operation. An EH device can be viewed as including the EH circuit as a component.

[0372] - PHR: Power Headroom Report

[0373] - EHR: Energy Headroom Report

[0374] - BPF: Band-Pass Filter

[0375] - SM: Subcarrier Modulation

[0376] - FS: Frequency Shift. In FDD, it can be divided into small FS, which is performed within a small range (e.g., hundreds of kHz) within the DL spectrum or UL spectrum (mainly by baseband processing), and large FS, which is performed within a relatively large range (e.g., tens of MHz) from DL to UL spectrum or from UL to DL spectrum.

[0377] - SFO: Sampling Frequency Offset

[0378] - ASK: Amplitude Shift Keying

[0379] -DSB-ASK: Double-SideBand ASK

[0380] -SSB-ASK: Single-SideBand ASK

[0381] - PR-ASK: Phase-Reversal ASK

[0382] - OOK: On-Off Keying

[0383] - PSK: Phase-Shift Keying

[0384] - BPSK: Binary-PSK

[0385] - FSK: Frequency-Shift Keying

[0386] - B-FSK: Binary FSK

[0387] - M-FSK: M-ary FSK

[0388] - PIE: Pulse-Interval Encoding

[0389] - Ncp-ofdm, Ncp, Nu: Sample unit lengths of the CP-OFDM symbol segment, CP segment, and useful OFDM symbol segment, respectively, in the CP-OFDM symbol. Ncp-ofdm = Ncp + Nu

[0390] - ME: Manchester Encoding

[0391]

[0392] Description of prior art

[0393] UHF passive RFID communication (ISO 18000-6C) can be considered as a standardized conventional technology that applies a communication method similar to Ambient IoT communication. For R=>T communication, this UHF passive RFID supports Pulse-Interval Encoding (PIE) as the data encoding method and DSB-ASK and / or SSB-ASK and / or PR-ASK as the modulation method. Additionally, for T=>R communication, it supports FM0 baseband encoding and Miller-modulated subcarrier methods as the data encoding methods and ASK and / or PSK-based backscatter modulation methods as the modulation method.

[0394]

[0395] Composition and Method of the Invention

[0396] In the present disclosure, '()' can be interpreted as both excluding the contents inside () and including the contents inside the parentheses.

[0397] In the present disclosure, ' / ' may mean including (and) all of the contents separated by / or including (or) only some of the separated contents.

[0398] Meanwhile, to support Ambient IoT in 4G / 5G / 6G communication systems, it is necessary to determine data encoding and modulation methods that take into account requirements different from conventional UHF passive RFID, device types, (spectrum) deployment scenarios, connectivity topologies, design targets, functions, etc. In addition, the issue of coexistence with efficient 4G / 5G / 6G communication systems must also be given important consideration.

[0399] The present disclosure proposes a method for determining D2R transmission parameters for AmIoT communication, taking into account the points mentioned above.

[0400]

[0401] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a deployment scenario 1 with topology 1 (indoor BS + indoor Ambient IoT device) using topology 1 (indoor BS + indoor Ambient IoT device) in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0402] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a deployment scenario 2 with topology 2 (outdoor BS + Indoor Intermediate UE + Indoor Ambient IoT device) using topology 2 (outdoor BS + Indoor Intermediate UE + Indoor Ambient IoT device) in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0403] The methods proposed in this invention can be applied to both topology 1 and topology 2. They can also be applied to both deployment scenario 1 and deployment scenario 2. To support Ambient IoT communication in 4G / 5G / 6G communication systems, the following combinations of topology, deployment scenario, and CW node type (CW inside topology or CW outside topology) are being considered.

[0404] First, in Deployment scenario 1 with topology 1 (indoor BS + indoor AIoT device), as shown in Fig. 12, cases are considered where the external CW is inside the topology (D1T1-A), where the external CW is outside the topology (D1T1-B), and where there is no external CW (i.e., when D2R is transmitted using an internally generated CW, D1T1-C).

[0405] Next, in Deployment scenario 2 with topology 2 (outdoor BS + Indoor Intermediate UE + Indoor AIoT device), as shown in Fig. 13, cases where the external CW is inside the topology (D2T2-A), where the external CW is outside the topology (D2T2-B), and where there is no external CW (i.e., when D2R is transmitted using an internally generated CW, D2T2-C) are considered.

[0406]

[0407] Method for generating modulation symbols for AmIoT communication

[0408] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the process of generating an OOK (on-off keying) based modulation symbol for AmIoT communication in a system applicable to the present disclosure and mapping the generated OOK symbol to an OFDM symbol.

[0409] The OOK method can be supported for AmIoT R2D transmission. In addition, to support such OOK-based AmIoT communication based on a 3GPP communication system and to support various bit rates according to service / use case, a method of generating and transmitting M (an integer greater than 1) OOK symbol(s) for AmIoT communication within the (OFDM) symbol duration supported by the 3GPP communication system can be supported. Figure 14 illustrates the process of generating OOK symbols and mapping them to OFDM symbols assuming a 1.92 MHz sampling clock and M=4.

[0410] For example, based on NR 15 kHz SCS, the following M values ​​and corresponding bit rates can be supported. The second column of [Table 6] shows the transmission bandwidth according to the M value, and the fourth and fifth columns show the maximum bit rate in kbps when using ME and PIE, respectively.

[0411] MB tx,R2D # of PRBskilocips / skbpsManchester encodedkbpsPIE encoded with example of 0:1 = 2-chip:4-chip encoding111474.672128149.3341562818.6761, 2, 484422882, 41125637.331221688456163, 422411274.67244336168112326448224149.33

[0412] Method for Determining D2R Transmission Parameters for Ambient IoT Communication

[0413] Ambient IoT devices may support one or more clocks for R2D reception and D2R transmission. These clock(s) may be used for purposes such as sampling (ADC / DAC), small / large FS, timing counting (in sleep state), local oscillator (for up / down conversion), etc. For these Ambient IoT device clock(s), requirements for clock accuracy (defined by an allowed SFO value) are defined (per clock or per use), and devices may possess clocks that satisfy these requirements, and / or perform clock calibration operations to satisfy them.

[0414] The AmIoT device can apply a clock calibration method based on R2D transmission during the clock calibration mentioned above. For this R2D transmission-based clock calibration, the device can reduce the corrected SFO to within a specific value based on the difference between a value counted by the AmIoT device clock (having a specific initial SFO value) over a specific interval of the R2D transmission signal (e.g., the OOK chip duration defined by the M value in OOK transmission, or the interval between the rising or falling edges of OOK) and a reference value (which is the counting value assuming the SFO value is 0) (e.g., using this value as the input error value of a digital frequency-locked loop). This method may result in a larger corrected SFO value as the number of samples within that specific interval decreases, i.e., as the M value increases. Alternatively, the final SFO value may increase (additionally) due to other factors in the device implementation (e.g., when the clock frequency is low or the initial SFO value is large, when clock correction is not supported due to complexity / power consumption limitations, or when a method with poor correction performance is supported, etc.). In this invention, a method is proposed to determine / select D2R transmission parameters affected by the SFO value in anticipation of cases where the SFO value is large or depending on the M value.

[0415] An AmIoT device can determine R2D and / or D2R transmission parameters based on the (final / after correction) SFO value it supports or the associated R2D transmission (control information). Here, the SFO value may be the initial (or before correction) SFO value (in ppm units) supported by the device, or, if SFO correction is possible from other signals including R2D transmission or CW, the SFO value after correction. The R2D transmission (control information) may include, for example, an M value indicating the number of AmIoT symbols (e.g., OOK symbols) within an OFDM symbol in an OFDM-based R2D transmission, the length of a specific segment of the R2D transmission signal used for clock correction, etc. In the process of describing the methods below, values ​​such as M1, M2, M3, and ��� are examples of the above M values, and it is assumed that the relationship M1 < M2 < M3 < ��� is satisfied.

[0416] In terms of AmIoT devices, the supported M values(set / range) may differ by device type (e.g., device 1 / 2a / 2b) or by device capability (even within the same device type). The device may report this support information to the reader (through Msg1, Msg3, or general D2R transmissions in a contention-based / -free random access process), and the reader may determine / instruct the M value(s) to apply (in specific inventory and / or command operations) for a specific device (type), for all devices (types), or by device (type). In addition, in the inventory process involving various device types / capabilities, a set / range of M values ​​(minimum or maximum value among them) that are commonly supported by the device types / capabilities may be determined / indicated, and in the case of general R2D / D2R transmission including commands, etc., a set / range of M values ​​(additionally) may be determined / indicated for each device type / capability (in addition to the set / range of M values ​​for the inventory).

[0417] The Reader can set / instruct the device to use the M value determined by the above method through R2D preamble / midamble / postamble or a sync signal, and based on this, the device can obtain information on the M value used / to be used by the reader and, based on this, determine / select D2R transmission parameters or perform PRDCH reception and / or PDRCH transmission.

[0418] As a first method, depending on the M value (range), whether to apply FS in D2R transmission and / or a configurable FS range (e.g., maximum value and / or maximum value) can be set / defined / applied (in advance). Here, the FS range may be in the form of a range of FS indices. For example, with a set of configurable / selectable FS values ​​for each M value (range) predefined in the form of a table, the reader indicates FS index information (combination) indicating one of the M value and FS values, and the device determines whether to apply FS and / or the FS value based on the M value and FS index information (combination) received / acquired through R2D transmission and the defined table, thereby performing D2R transmission.

[0419] In another method, the FS values ​​in D2R transmission or the size of the frequency gap (F-gap) between FS values ​​can be set / defined differently depending on the M value (range). For example, a set of F-gap size values ​​between FS values ​​that can be set / selected for each M value (range) is defined in a table form in advance. Then, the reader indicates F-gap index information (combination of) indicating one of the M value and F-gap size values, and the device determines the final FS value based on the M value and FS index information (combination of) received / acquired through R2D transmission and the defined table, and performs D2R transmission.

[0420] Alternatively, depending on the M value (range), the F-gap / T-gap during TDMA / FDMA in D2R transmission can be set / defined / applied differently (in advance). For instance, in a state where a set of F-gap / T-gap values ​​that can be set / selected during TDMA / FDMA for each M value (range) is predefined in a table format, the reader provides a combination of the M value and F-gap / T-gap index information indicating one of the F-gap / T-gap values, and the device determines the F-gap / T-gap value during TDMA / FDMA based on the combination of the M value and F-gap / T-gap information received / acquired through R2D transmission and the defined table, thereby performing D2R transmission.

[0421] Alternatively, the multiplexing (or MA) scheme in D2R transmission can be set / defined / applied differently depending on the M value (range). For example, with a set of multiplexing (or MA) schemes that can be set / selected for each M value (range) defined in advance in the form of a table, the reader provides a combination of M(A) index information indicating one of the multiplexing (or MA) schemes, and the device determines the final multiplexing (or MA) scheme based on the combination of M value and M(A) index information received / acquired through R2D transmission and the defined table, and then performs D2R transmission. As another example, specific M value(s) can be defined in advance so that M1 is applied / selected from MA scheme set #1, and M2 is applied / selected from MA scheme set #2. For example, MA scheme set #1 can be composed of {TDMA, FDMA} and MA scheme set #2 can be composed of {TDMA, FDMA, CDMA}.

[0422] Alternatively, the modulation methods (and / or modulator orders) applicable / selectable in D2R transmission can be set / defined differently depending on the M value (range). For example, with the set of modulation methods (and / or modulator orders) that can be set / selected for each M value (range) defined in a table form, the reader provides a combination of the M value and MOD index information indicating one of the sets of modulation methods (and / or modulator orders), and the device determines the final modulation method (and / or modulator order) based on the combination of the M value and MOD index information received / acquired through R2D transmission and the defined table, thereby performing D2R transmission. Another example is a method where the selection / application of D2R MSK is determined based on the M value. This is a method in which specific M value(s) are defined in advance, such as the device selecting from MOD scheme set #1 up to M1, and the device selecting from MOD scheme set #2 up to M2. Here, MOD scheme set #1 consists of {OOK, BPSK}, and MA scheme set #2 can consist of {OOK, BPSK, MSK}.

[0423] Alternatively, depending on the value (range) of M, the application of preamble / midamble / postamble in D2R transmission and / or the transmission period (maximum value) can be set / defined differently (in advance). For example, the device can determine / select whether to perform preamble / midamble / postamble transmission and / or set the transmission period; if the value of M is above a certain value, preamble / midamble / postamble transmission can be mandated (at a specific period) and / or the maximum value of the transmission period can be limited to within a certain value.

[0424] Alternatively, depending on the value (range) of M, the use of line coding in D2R transmission can be made mandatory or optional. For example, the device may decide / select the (line) coding scheme in D2R transmission, but the use of line coding may be made mandatory when the value of M is greater than or equal to a certain value.

[0425] Alternatively, the availability of repetition and the number of selectable repetitions in D2R transmission can be determined based on the value (range) of M. For example, the application of repetition and the number of repetitions in D2R transmission may be determined by reader settings / instructions or device decisions / selections; however, considering that sample timing drift occurs due to SFO and tends to increase as the value of M increases, repetitions up to #N2 are allowed up to M1, and repetitions up to M2 are allowed up to #N1 (here, N1 <N2)까지, 등으로 결정 / 선택 가능하도록 할 수 있다. 또는 역으로, M 값이 커지면 반복 단위 당 시간이 그에 비례하여 축소하는 점으로 감안하여 M1 까지는 repetition #N1까지, M2 까지는 repetition #N2(여기서, N1<N2)까지, 등으로 결정 / 선택 가능하도록 할 수 있다. 또한 상기 preamble / midamble / postamble 결정 방법과 연동하여 특정 M 값 이상에서는 반복 전송과 더불어 특정 주기로 preamble / midamble / postamble을 전송할 것을 의무화할 수 있다.

[0426] Alternatively, the size of the D2R guard band can be set / defined / applied differently depending on the M value (range). For example, the size of the D2R guard band is defined for each M value (range). As the M value (range) increases, the size of the D2R guard band and / or the actual applied D2R FS value can be increased. In this case, the device performs D2R transmission by determining / selecting the final FS value by referencing the parameters necessary for calculating the FS value, such as the FS index value indicated by the reader, the M value, and the D2R guard band value set / defined for each M value (range). As another example, to reflect the increase in the D2R guard band due to the increase in the M value when determining / selecting the final FS value in D2R transmission, a frequency offset value (additionally applied) during D2R FS execution can be set / defined / applied for each M value (range).

[0427]

[0428] [Explanation regarding the first device (base station / IN / AN) claim]

[0429] The embodiments described above will be explained in detail below with reference to FIG. 26 regarding the operation of the first device. The methods described below are distinguished only for convenience of explanation, and it is understood that, as long as they are not mutually excluded, a part of one method may be substituted with a part of another method or combined with one another and applied.

[0430] FIG. 15 is a drawing illustrating an example of the operation process of a first device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0431] In the embodiment of FIG. 15, the first device may correspond to a base station / IN / AN, and the second device may correspond to an Ambient IoT device / UE.

[0432] In step S1510, the first device transmits a Reader-to-Device (R2D) signal containing a value M to the second device. The value M is related to the number of On-Off Keying (OOK) symbols within an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol.

[0433] In step S1520, the first device receives a D2R signal transmitted from the second device based on at least one D2R (Device-to-Reader) transmission parameter associated with the M value.

[0434]

[0435] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the at least one D2R transmission parameter may include a D2R guard band whose size is set differently based on the M value.

[0436] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the size of the D2R guard band or the D2R frequency shift (FS) value may be set to increase based on the increase in the M value.

[0437] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the at least one D2R transmission parameter may include at least one of the following: a frequency shift (FS) range or frequency gap (F-gap) in D2R transmission that is differently set based on the M value; whether line coding is applied when the M value is greater than or equal to a specific value; whether repetition is applied in D2R transmission or the number of repetitions based on the M value.

[0438] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the at least one D2R transmission parameter may include a D2R transmission method selected from a set of predefined Multiple Access (MA) methods or a set of Modulation (MOD) methods based on the M value.

[0439] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the at least one D2R transmission parameter may include information regarding one or more of whether to apply a preamble, midamble, or postamble, or a transmission period, when the M value is greater than or equal to a specific value.

[0440] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the R2D signal including the M value may be based on one of an R2D preamble, an R2D midamble, an R2D postamble, or an R2D synchronization signal.

[0441]

[0442] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device is provided in a wireless communication system. The first device includes a transceiver and at least one processor, and the at least one processor may be configured to perform a method of operation of the first device according to FIG. 15.

[0443] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a device for controlling a first device in a wireless communication system is provided. The device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor. The at least one memory may be configured to store instructions for performing a method of operating the first device according to FIG. 15 based on execution by the at least one processor.

[0444] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, one or more non-transitory computer readable media (CRMs) storing one or more instructions are provided. The one or more instructions perform operations based on execution by one or more processors, and the operations may include a method of operation of a first device according to FIG. 15.

[0445]

[0446] [Explanation regarding the second device (Ambient IoT device / UE) claim]

[0447] The embodiments described above will be explained in detail below with reference to FIG. 16 regarding the operation of a second device (Reader / interrogator or base station (BS)). The methods described below are distinguished only for convenience of explanation, and it is understood that, as long as they are not mutually exclusive, a part of one method may be substituted with a part of another method or combined with one another and applied.

[0448] FIG. 16 is a drawing illustrating an example of the operation process of a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0449] In the embodiment of FIG. 16, the first device may correspond to a base station / IN / AN, and the second device may correspond to an Ambient IoT device / UE.

[0450] In step S1610, the second device receives a Reader-to-Device (R2D) signal from the first device containing a value M. The value M relates to the number of On-Off Keying (OOK) symbols within an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol.

[0451] In step S1620, the second device transmits a D2R signal to the first device based on at least one D2R (Device-to-Reader) transmission parameter associated with the M value.

[0452]

[0453] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the at least one D2R transmission parameter may include a D2R guard band whose size is set differently based on the M value.

[0454] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the size of the D2R guard band or the D2R frequency shift (FS) value may be set to increase based on the increase in the M value.

[0455] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the at least one D2R transmission parameter may include at least one of the following: a frequency shift (FS) range or frequency gap (F-gap) in D2R transmission that is differently set based on the M value; whether line coding is applied when the M value is greater than or equal to a specific value; whether repetition is applied in D2R transmission or the number of repetitions based on the M value.

[0456] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the at least one D2R transmission parameter may include a D2R transmission method selected from a set of predefined Multiple Access (MA) methods or a set of Modulation (MOD) methods based on the M value.

[0457] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the at least one D2R transmission parameter may include information regarding one or more of whether to apply a preamble, midamble, or postamble, or a transmission period, when the M value is greater than or equal to a specific value.

[0458] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the R2D signal including the M value may be based on one of an R2D preamble, an R2D midamble, an R2D postamble, or an R2D synchronization signal.

[0459]

[0460] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device is provided in a wireless communication system. The second device includes a transceiver and at least one processor, and the at least one processor may be configured to perform a method of operation of the second device according to FIG. 16.

[0461] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an apparatus for controlling a second device in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus comprises at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor. The at least one memory may be configured to store instructions for performing a method of operating the second device according to FIG. 16 based on execution by the at least one processor.

[0462] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, one or more non-transitory computer readable media (CRMs) storing one or more instructions are provided. The one or more instructions perform operations based on execution by one or more processors, and the operations may include a method of operation of a second device according to FIG. 16.

[0463]

[0464] Wireless devices applicable to the present disclosure

[0465] Hereinafter, examples of wireless devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied will be described.

[0466] FIG. 17 is a drawing illustrating an example of the structure of a first device and a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0467] The first device (1600) may include a processor (1610), an antenna unit (1620), a transceiver (1630), and a memory (1640).

[0468] The processor (1610) performs baseband-related signal processing and may include an upper layer processing unit (1611) and a physical layer processing unit (1615). The upper layer processing unit (1611) may process operations of the MAC layer, RRC layer, or higher upper layers. The physical layer processing unit (1615) may process operations of the PHY layer. For example, if the first device (1600) is a base station device in base station-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1615) may perform uplink reception signal processing, downlink transmission signal processing, etc. For example, if the first device (1600) is a first terminal device in terminal-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1615) may perform downlink reception signal processing, uplink transmission signal processing, sidelink transmission signal processing, etc. In addition to performing baseband-related signal processing, the processor (1610) may also control the overall operation of the first device (1600).

[0469] The antenna section (1620) may include one or more physical antennas, and if it includes multiple antennas, it may support MIMO transmission and reception. The transceiver (1630) may include an RF (Radio Frequency) transmitter and an RF receiver. The memory (1640) may store information processed by the processor (1610) and software, operating systems, applications, etc. related to the operation of the first device (1600), and may include components such as a buffer.

[0470] The processor (1610) of the first device (1600) may be configured to implement the operation of the base station in base station-terminal communication (or the operation of the first terminal device in terminal-terminal communication) in the embodiments described in the present disclosure.

[0471]

[0472] The second device (1650) may include a processor (1660), an antenna unit (1670), a transceiver (1680), and a memory (1690).

[0473] The processor (1660) performs baseband-related signal processing and may include an upper layer processing unit (1661) and a physical layer processing unit (1665). The upper layer processing unit (1661) may process operations of the MAC layer, RRC layer, or higher upper layers. The physical layer processing unit (1665) may process operations of the PHY layer. For example, if the second device (1650) is a terminal device in base station-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1665) may perform downlink reception signal processing, uplink transmission signal processing, etc. For example, if the second device (1650) is a second terminal device in terminal-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1665) may perform downlink reception signal processing, uplink transmission signal processing, sidelink reception signal processing, etc. In addition to performing baseband-related signal processing, the processor (1660) may also control the overall operation of the second device (1660).

[0474] The antenna section (1670) may include one or more physical antennas, and if it includes multiple antennas, it may support MIMO transmission and reception. The transceiver (1680) may include an RF transmitter and an RF receiver. The memory (1690) may store information processed by the processor (1660) and software, operating systems, applications, etc. related to the operation of the second device (1650), and may include components such as a buffer.

[0475] The processor (1660) of the second device (1650) may be configured to implement the operation of the terminal in base station-terminal communication (or the operation of the second terminal device in terminal-terminal communication) in the embodiments described in this disclosure.

[0476] In the operation of the first device (1600) and the second device (1650), the details described in the examples of the present disclosure regarding the base station and the terminal (or the first terminal and the second terminal in terminal-to-terminal communication) in base station-to-terminal communication may be applied in the same way, and redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0477]

[0478] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device (1600, 1650) of the present disclosure may include LTE, NR and 6G as well as various other wireless communication technologies.

[0479]

[0480] The claims described in various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In a method performed by the first device, A step of transmitting an R2D (Reader-to-Device) signal containing the value of M to a second device, The above M value is related to the number of On-Off Keying (OOK) symbols within the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; and The method comprises the step of receiving a D2R signal transmitted from the second device based on at least one D2R (Device-to-Reader) transmission parameter associated with the M value. method.

2. In Paragraph 1, The above at least one D2R transmission parameter includes a D2R guard band whose size is set differently based on the M value. method.

3. In Paragraph 2, Based on the increase in the above M value, the size of the D2R guard band or the D2R frequency shift (FS) value is set to increase, method.

4. In Paragraph 1, The above at least one D2R transmission parameter is: A frequency shift (FS) range or frequency gap (F-gap) in D2R transmission that is set differently based on the above M value; Whether to apply line coding when the above M value is greater than or equal to a specific value; Whether to apply repetition or the number of repetitions in D2R transmission based on the above M value; including at least one of the information about method.

5. In Paragraph 1, The above at least one D2R transmission parameter includes a D2R transmission method selected from a set of predefined Multiple Access (MA) methods or a set of Modulation (MOD) methods based on the M value. method.

6. In Paragraph 1, The above at least one D2R transmission parameter includes information regarding one or more of the application of a preamble, midamble, or postamble or a transmission period when the M value is greater than or equal to a specific value. method.

7. In Paragraph 1, The R2D signal including the above M value is based on one of the R2D preamble, R2D midamble, R2D postamble, or R2D synchronization signal, method.

8. In a method performed by a second device, A step of receiving an R2D (Reader-to-Device) signal containing a value M from a first device, The above M value is related to the number of On-Off Keying (OOK) symbols within the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; and The method comprises the step of transmitting a D2R signal transmitted to the first device based on at least one D2R (Device-to-Reader) transmission parameter associated with the M value. method.

9. In Paragraph 8, The above at least one D2R transmission parameter includes a D2R guard band whose size is set differently based on the M value. method.

10. In Paragraph 9, Based on the increase in the above M value, the size of the D2R guard band or the D2R frequency shift (FS) value is set to increase, method.

11. In Paragraph 8, The above at least one D2R transmission parameter is: A frequency shift (FS) range or frequency gap (F-gap) in D2R transmission that is set differently based on the above M value; Whether to apply line coding when the above M value is greater than or equal to a specific value; Whether to apply repetition or the number of repetitions in D2R transmission based on the above M value; including at least one of the information about method.

12. In Paragraph 8, The above at least one D2R transmission parameter includes a D2R transmission method selected from a set of predefined Multiple Access (MA) methods or a set of Modulation (MOD) methods based on the M value. method.

13. In Paragraph 8, The above at least one D2R transmission parameter includes information regarding one or more of the application of a preamble, midamble, or postamble or a transmission period when the M value is greater than or equal to a specific value. method.

14. In Paragraph 8, The R2D signal including the above M value is based on one of the R2D preamble, R2D midamble, R2D postamble, or R2D synchronization signal, method.

15. In the first device, Transmitter / Receiver; At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory that is operablely connectable to the at least one processor and stores instructions for performing operations when executed by the at least one processor. The above operations are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, First device.

16. In the second device, Transmitter / Receiver; At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory that is operablely connectable to the at least one processor and stores instructions for performing operations when executed by the at least one processor. The above operations are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 8 through 14, Second device.

17. In a control device for controlling a first device, At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory operably connected to the above at least one processor, and The above at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on execution by the above at least one processor, and The above operations are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, controller.

18. In a control device for controlling a second device, At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory operably connected to the above at least one processor, and The above at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on execution by the above at least one processor, and The above operations are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 8 through 14, controller.

19. In one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, The above one or more instructions perform operations based on being executed by one or more processors, and The above operations are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, Computer-readable media.

20. In one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, The above one or more instructions perform operations based on being executed by one or more processors, and The above operations are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 8 through 14, Computer-readable media.

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