Method and device for performing internet of things-based communication in wireless communication system

Abstract

A method and a device for performing Internet of things (IoT)-based communication in a wireless communication system are disclosed. A method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may comprise the steps of: transmitting, by a first device, a first message including first information related to a random identifier (ID) to a second device; receiving, by the first device, a second message including second information related to an ID list configured with one or more IDs from the second device; and transmitting, by the first device, a third message to the second device on the basis that the first information related to the random ID is included in the second information related to the ID list. Here, the second message may be defined to further include third information related to frequency resources associated with the IDs included in the ID list on the basis of a predetermined condition.

Description

Method and device for performing IoT-based communication in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for performing Internet of Things (IoT)-based communication in a wireless communication system.

[0002] The 5th generation (5G) wireless communication system is a successor technology to 4G LTE (long term evolution) and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. In the case of 5G NR (New Radio), all available spectrum resources can be utilized, ranging from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz to intermediate frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (or millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz. Based on the foundational technology of 5G wireless communication, 6G wireless communication systems are being developed.

[0003] 6G wireless communication systems are being developed with the goal of (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of 6G systems can be seen in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity. Various technologies are being researched in consideration of the requirements for 6G systems, such as a peak data rate of 1 Tbps per device, an end-to-end (E2E) latency of 1ms, a maximum spectrum efficiency of 100 bps / Hz, support for mobility of 1000 km / h, satellite integration, artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous vehicles, extended reality (XR), and haptic communication.

[0004] The technical problem of the present disclosure is to a method and apparatus for performing Internet of Things (IoT)-based communication in a wireless communication system.

[0005] The technical problem of the present disclosure is to a method and apparatus for defining and configuring control information related to transmission and reception in ambient IoT communication.

[0006] The technical problem of the present disclosure is to a method and apparatus for defining and configuring control information of a message related to an access process in ambient IoT communication.

[0007] The technical problems to be solved in this disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs from the description below.

[0008] A method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include: transmitting a first message to a second device by a first device, the first message including first information related to a random identifier (ID); receiving a second message from the second device by the first device, the second message including second information related to an ID list set with one or more IDs; and transmitting a third message to the second device by the first device based on the first information related to the random ID being included in the second information related to the ID list. Herein, the second message may be defined to further include third information related to a frequency resource associated with an ID included in the ID list, based on certain conditions.

[0009] A method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may include: receiving a first message from a first device by a second device, the first message including first information related to a random identifier (ID); transmitting a second message to the first device by the second device, the second message including second information related to a list of IDs set with one or more IDs; and receiving a third message from the first device by the second device based on the first information related to the random ID being included in the second information related to the list of IDs. Herein, the second message may be defined to further include third information related to a frequency resource associated with an ID included in the list of IDs based on certain conditions.

[0010] By various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method and apparatus for performing Internet of Things (IoT)-based communication in a wireless communication system may be provided.

[0011] By various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method and apparatus for defining and configuring control information related to transmission and reception in ambient IoT communication may be provided.

[0012] By various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method and apparatus for defining and configuring control information of messages related to an access process in ambient IoT communication may be provided.

[0013] The effects obtainable from the present disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs from the description below.

[0014] The accompanying drawings, which are included as part of the detailed description to aid in understanding the present disclosure, provide embodiments of the present disclosure and explain the technical features of the present disclosure together with the detailed description.

[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary flexible network topology to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary communication system to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary wireless device to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary communication procedure between a first node and a second node to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0019] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary functional framework for AI operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0020] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0021] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0022] FIG. 8 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0023] FIG. 9 shows an electromagnetic spectrum to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0024] FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary system information transmission / reception procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0025] FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary beam management procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0026] FIG. 12 shows an example of an NTN scenario to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0027] FIG. 13 shows another example of an NTN scenario to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0028] FIG. 14 shows examples of sensing operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0029] FIG. 15 illustrates topologies that can be supported in ambient IoT communication to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0030] FIG. 16 shows a specific example of a topology supported in ambient IoT communication to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0031] FIG. 17 illustrates a PRDCH generation method and a PDRCH generation method to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0032] Figure 18 is a flowchart illustrating the procedure for an ambient IoT device to connect to a reader device.

[0033] FIG. 19 illustrates a control information and PRDCH / PDRCH transmission structure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0034] FIG. 20 illustrates a preamble / postamble and PRDCH / PDRCH transmission to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0035] FIG. 21 illustrates a MAC payload structure in PRDCH / PDRCH to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0036] FIG. 22 illustrates the repeated transmission of PDRCH according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 23 illustrates the operation of a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 24 illustrates the operation of a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of device 1 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 26 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of device 2a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 27 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of device 2b according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description disclosed below, together with the accompanying drawings, is intended to describe exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to represent the only embodiment in which the present disclosure may be practiced. The following detailed description includes specific details to provide a complete understanding of the present disclosure. However, those skilled in the art will know that the present disclosure may be practiced without such specific details.

[0043] In some cases, to avoid obscuring the concept of the present disclosure, known structures and devices may be omitted or illustrated in the form of a block diagram focusing on the core functions of each structure and device.

[0044] In the present disclosure, when a component is described as being “connected,” “combined,” or “joined” with another component, this may include not only a direct connection but also an indirect connection in which another component exists between them. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, the terms “comprising” or “having” specify the presence of the mentioned features, steps, actions, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, actions, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0045] In the present disclosure, terms such as "first," "second," etc. are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another and are not used to limit the components, nor do they limit the order or importance of the components unless specifically stated otherwise. Accordingly, within the scope of the present disclosure, a first component in one embodiment may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and likewise, a second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment.

[0046] The terms used in this disclosure are for the description of specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the claims. As used in the description of embodiments and the appended claims, the singular form is intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0047] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0048] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in the present disclosure may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0049] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0050] Additionally, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Additionally, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0051] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be described as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be described as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be described as an example of "control information."

[0052] In the following explanation, '...when, if, in case of' can be replaced with '...based on'.

[0053] Technical features described individually within one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0054] In the present disclosure, a terminal or user equipment (UE) may be a portable device and may be a first node that receives a signal from a base station / second node / integrated access backhaul (IAB) node.

[0055] In the present disclosure, the base station (BS, Base Station) may be a second node / IAB node / Transmission-Reception Point (TRP).

[0056] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter configured, pre-configured, or pre-defined for a terminal. For example, a base station or network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0057] In the present disclosure, "set or defined" may be interpreted as being set to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., System Information Block (SIB), MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In the present disclosure, "set or defined" may be interpreted as being set to a device through separate signaling or being predefined without separate signaling.

[0058] In the present disclosure, transmitting or receiving a channel includes the meaning of transmitting or receiving information or a signal through said channel. For example, transmitting a control channel means transmitting control information or a signal through the control channel. Similarly, transmitting a data channel means transmitting data information or a signal through the data channel.

[0059] The technology described in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications), GPRS (general packet radio service), and EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0060] The technology described in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0061] Network structure

[0062] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary flexible network topology to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0063] To compensate for incomplete areas of network coverage, a network topology in which the split radio access network (RAN) is configured more flexibly and resiliently may be considered. To this end, various nodes such as integrated access backhaul (IAB) nodes, relays, and radio frequency (RF) repeaters, as exemplified in Fig. 1, may be applied, and a non-terrestrial network (NTN) may be integrated. For example, an IAB node may correspond to a node that provides wireless backhaul. For example, a relay may refer to any intermediate point, and in the case of a sidelink relay where a terminal functions as a relay, it may collectively refer to a terminal-to-network (U2N) relay and a terminal-to-terminal (U2U) relay. For example, an RF repeater may correspond to a node that performs simple signal amplification and forwarding functions, and in the case of a network-controlled repeater, it may adjust transmit / receive settings based on information provided by the network as well as signal amplification and forwarding. For example, NTN nodes can correspond to satellites or aircraft that provide NTN coverage that is difficult for terrestrial networks to provide. In addition to these examples, various intermediate points can be introduced to improve the network topology.

[0064] Referring to FIG. 1, a split RAN can support the division of a base station into one centralized unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DU). The CU and DU may correspond to logical units. The CU may be further divided into a control plane (CP) portion and one or more user plane (UP) portions. Since a failure in the CU-CP affects not only the CU-UP but also the DU, various intermediate points may be introduced to compensate for this.

[0065] An intermediate point may correspond to a terminal or a base station depending on its relative relationship with other nodes. For example, an IAB node may include a mobile-termination (MT) portion and a DU. The MT may connect the IAB node to a donor node. The DU of the IAB node may serve other terminals or connect to other IAB nodes to provide multi-hop wireless backhaul to terminals. For example, an IAB node may correspond to a base station in its relative relationship with a user-side node and to a terminal in its relative relationship with a network-side node.

[0066] In some examples of the present disclosure, the description of a terminal may apply equally to an intermediate point corresponding to a terminal in relation to a network-side endpoint as well as to a user-side endpoint. Similarly, in some examples of the present disclosure, the description of a base station may apply equally to an intermediate point corresponding to a base station in relation to a user-side endpoint as well as to a network-side endpoint. In most cases where there is no additional description of the operation of three or more subjects, the communication subjects in the present disclosure are briefly described by the term terminal and / or base station (or first node and / or second node), wherein the term terminal and / or base station (or first node and / or second node) is interpreted to include or replace any endpoint or any intermediate point in relation to other nodes.

[0067] As such, in some examples of the present disclosure, for the sake of brevity of description, the subject of the operation may be referred to as a terminal and / or base station (or a first node and / or a second node). Additionally, the term terminal and / or base station (or a first node and / or a second node) may be interpreted or substituted as in the following examples: for example, the terminal (or first node) and the base station (or second node) may correspond to a first endpoint and a second endpoint, respectively; may correspond to an endpoint and an intermediate point, respectively; may correspond to an intermediate point and an endpoint, respectively; or may correspond to a first intermediate point and a second intermediate point, respectively.

[0068] In the present disclosure, there may be no intermediate points between the base station and the terminal, or there may be one or more. If intermediate points exist, the intermediate points may correspond to IAB nodes, relays, RF repeaters, NTN nodes, or nodes supporting other functions. The intermediate points may be nodes with a fixed location or nodes with an indefinite location.

[0069] Systems applicable to the present disclosure

[0070] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary communication system to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0071] The communication system (100) to which the present disclosure applies includes a wireless device (110), a network device (120), and a network (130). Here, the wireless device (110) refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G / 6G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device (110) may include a robot (110a), a vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), an XR (extended reality) device (110c), a hand-held device (110d), a home appliance (110e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (110f), and an AI (artificial intelligence) device / server (110g). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2) may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device (110c) includes an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device (110d) may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance (110e) may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device (110f) may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. The wireless device (110) may correspond to a terminal (or first node) or an intermediate point.The network device (120) may correspond to a base station (or a second node) or another intermediate point. For example, the network device (120) may also be implemented as a wireless device (110), and a specific wireless device (120a) may operate as a network device (120) to another wireless device (110).

[0072] Wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to a network (130) through a network device (120). AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices (110a to 110f), and the wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to an AI server (110g) through the network (130). The network (130) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network. The wireless devices (110a to 110f) may communicate with each other through the network device (120) / network (130), but may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the network device (120) / network (130). For example, vehicles (110b-1, 110b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle to vehicle) / V2X (vehicle to everything) communication). Also, an IoT device (110f) (e.g., a sensor) can communicate directly with another IoT device (e.g., a sensor) or other wireless devices (110a to 110f).

[0073] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (110a to 110f) / network devices (120) and between network devices (120). Here, wireless communication / connection can be established through various wireless access technologies such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and communication between network devices (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and network devices / wireless devices, and network devices and network devices can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on the various descriptions of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: a process for setting various configuration information for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, a process for various signal processing (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), a resource allocation process, etc.

[0074] Devices applicable to the present disclosure

[0075] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary wireless device to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0076] Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G). The wireless device (200) includes at least one processor (202) and at least one memory (204), and may additionally include at least one transceiver (206) and / or at least one antenna (208).

[0077] The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or sequences of operations disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology. A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through at least one antenna (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0078] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, at least one protocol layer may be implemented by at least one processor (202). For example, at least one processor (202) may implement at least one layer (e.g., functional layers such as PHY (physical), MAC (media access control), RLC (radio link control), PDCP (packet data convergence protocol), RRC (radio resource control), and SDAP (service data adaptation protocol). At least one processor (202) may generate at least one PDU (Protocol Data Unit) and / or at least one SDU (service data unit) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) may generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to at least one transceiver (206). At least one processor (202) may receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from at least one transceiver (206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document.

[0079] At least one processor (202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. At least one processor (202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, at least one application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing device (DSPD), at least one programmable logic device (PLD), or at least one field programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be included in at least one processor (202) or stored in at least one memory (204) and driven by at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0080] At least one memory (204) may be connected to at least one processor (202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. At least one memory (204) may be composed of ROM (read-only memory), RAM (random access memory), EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory), flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. At least one memory (204) may be located inside and / or outside of at least one processor (202). Additionally, at least one memory (204) may be connected to at least one processor (202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0081] At least one transceiver (206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. of this document to at least one other device. At least one transceiver (206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. disclosed in this document from at least one other device. For example, at least one transceiver (206) may be connected to at least one processor (202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, at least one processor (202) may control at least one transceiver (206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to at least one other device. Additionally, at least one processor (202) may control at least one transceiver (206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from at least one other device. Additionally, at least one transceiver (206) may be connected to at least one antenna (208), and at least one transceiver (206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document through at least one antenna (208). In this document, at least one antenna may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the received wireless signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., using at least one processor (202).At least one transceiver (206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using at least one processor (202) from a baseband signal to an RF band signal. To this end, at least one transceiver (206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0082] The components of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 may be referred to by other terms in terms of their function. For example, the processor (202) may be referred to as the control unit, the transceiver (206) as the communication unit, and the memory (204) as the storage unit. In some cases, the communication unit may be used to mean at least a part of the processor (202) and the transceiver (206).

[0083] The structure of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 can be understood as the structure of at least part of various devices. For example, the structure of the wireless device illustrated in FIG. 3 may be at least part of the various devices described with reference to FIG. 2 (e.g., robot (110a), vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), XR device (110c), portable device (110d), home appliance (110e), IoT device (110f), AI device / server (110g)). Furthermore, according to various embodiments, the device may include other components in addition to the components illustrated in FIG. 3.

[0084] For example, the device may be a portable device such as a smartphone, smartpad, wearable device (e.g., smart watch, smart glasses), or portable computer (e.g., laptop, etc.). In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an interface unit that includes at least one port for connection with another device (e.g., an audio input / output port, a video input / output port), and an input / output unit for inputting and outputting video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user.

[0085] For example, the device may be a mobile device such as a mobile robot, vehicle, train, manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), or ship. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a drive unit comprising at least one of an engine, motor, power train, wheel, brake, and steering device of the device; a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, battery, etc.; a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings; an autonomous driving unit that performs functions such as path maintenance, speed control, and destination setting; and a position measurement unit that acquires position information of the moving body through a GPS (global positioning system) and various sensors.

[0086] For example, the device may be an XR device such as an HMD, a HUD (head-up display) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an input / output unit that acquires control information, data, etc. from the outside and outputs a generated XR object, and a sensor unit that senses state information, environment information, and user information of the device or the surroundings of the device.

[0087] For example, the device may be a robot that can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc., depending on the purpose or field of use. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a drive unit that performs various physical actions, such as moving robot joints.

[0088] For example, the device may be an AI device such as a TV, projector, smartphone, PC, laptop, digital broadcasting terminal, tablet PC, wearable device, set-top box (STB), radio, washing machine, refrigerator, digital signage, robot, vehicle, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of an input unit that acquires various types of data from the outside, an output unit that generates output related to sight, hearing, or touch, a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a training unit that learns a model composed of an artificial neural network using training data.

[0089] The structure of the wireless device illustrated in FIG. 3 may be understood as part of a terminal (or first node), or part of an intermediate point, or part of a base station (or second node). If the device illustrated in FIG. 3 is a base station (or second node), the device may further include a wired transceiver for front haul and / or back haul communication. If the front haul and / or back haul communication is based on wireless communication, at least one transceiver (206) illustrated in FIG. 3 is used for front haul and / or back haul communication, and a wired transceiver may not be included.

[0090] Communication procedures

[0091] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary communication procedure between a first node and a second node to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0092] FIG. 4 illustrates the operation of a first node (110) (e.g., a terminal) and a second node (120) (e.g., a base station) transmitting and / or receiving data, and the operation performed prior to this.

[0093] In step S101, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can perform synchronization. For example, the terminal (110) performs an initial cell search operation. Specifically, the terminal (110) can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted from the base station (120) according to a predefined rule. Here, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the terminal (110) can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, slot, and / or symbol of the base station (120) and obtain information about the base station (120) (e.g., a cell identifier).

[0094] In step S103, the first node (110) can obtain system information transmitted from the second node (120). For example, the system information is information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the base station (120) required to connect to the base station (120) and use the service, and can be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc., and can be classified, for example, into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). If necessary, the terminal (110) may transmit a signal requesting system information prior to receiving the system information. Such request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described later.

[0095] In step S105, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can perform a random access procedure. For example, the terminal (110) can transmit and / or receive at least one message for a random access procedure (e.g., a random access preamble, a RAR (random access response) message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the base station (120) obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of a supported preamble, etc.). For example, the terminal (110) may transmit a preamble (e.g., message 1 (MSG1)) through a random access channel, receive a random access response (RAR) message (e.g., message 2 (MSG2)), transmit a message (e.g., message 3 (MSG3)) containing information related to the terminal (110) (e.g., identification information) to the base station (120) using scheduling information included in the RAR message, and receive a message (e.g., message 4 (MSG4)) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. As another example, MSG1 and MSG3 may be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., message A (MSG A), or MSG2 and MSG4 may be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., message B (MSG B).

[0096] In step S107, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can perform signaling of control information. For example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transmission channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and signaling to indicate allocated resources.

[0097] In step S109, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can transmit and / or receive data. For example, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can process data based on the signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive data. For example, when transmitting data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of extracting a signal from a resource, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and channel decoding.

[0098] 6G System Core Technology

[0099] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optics (FSO) backhaul network, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0100] artificial intelligence

[0101] The introduction of AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0102] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary functional framework for AI operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0103] Below, to provide a more specific explanation of AI (or AI / ML (machine learning)), terms can be defined as follows.

[0104] - Data collection: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or terminals, serving as a basis for AI model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0105] - AI model: A data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs containing predictive information and / or decision parameters based on a set of inputs.

[0106] - AI / ML Training: An online or offline process of training an AI model by learning features and patterns that best represent data and acquire an AI / ML model trained for inference.

[0107] - AI / ML Inference: A process of making predictions or deriving decisions based on collected data and an AI model using a trained AI model.

[0108] Referring to FIG. 5, the data collection function (10) is a function that collects input data and provides processed input data to the model training function (20) and the model inference function (30).

[0109] Examples of input data may include measurements from terminals or other network entities, feedback from actors, and outputs from AI models.

[0110] The data collection function (10) performs data preparation based on input data and provides the input data processed through data preparation. Here, the data collection function (10) does not perform specific data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, forming and transformation) for each AI algorithm, and can perform data preparation common to AI algorithms.

[0111] After the data preparation process is performed, the data collection function (10) can provide training data (11) to the model training function (20) and provide inference data (12) to the model inference function (30). Here, the training data (11) corresponds to data required as input for the AI ​​model training function (20), and the inference data (12) corresponds to data required as input for the AI ​​model inference function (30).

[0112] The data collection function (10) may be performed by a single entity (e.g., terminal, RAN node, network node, etc.) but may also be performed by multiple entities. In this case, training data (11) and inference data (12) from multiple entities may be provided to the model training function (20) and the model inference function (30), respectively.

[0113] The model training function (20) may correspond to a function that performs AI model training, validation, and testing, which can generate model performance metrics as part of the AI ​​model testing procedure. If necessary, the model training function (20) may also be responsible for data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting and transformation, etc.) based on training data (11) provided by the data collection function (10).

[0114] Here, model deployment / update (13) can be used to initially deploy a trained, validated, and tested AI model to the model inference function (30) or to provide an updated model to the model inference function (30).

[0115] The model inference function (30) may correspond to a function that provides an AI model inference output (16) (e.g., a prediction or a decision). The model inference function (30) may provide model performance feedback (14) to the model training function (20) where applicable. Additionally, the model inference function (30) may be responsible for data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting and transformation, etc.) based on the inference data (12) provided by the data collection function (10) if necessary.

[0116] Here, output (16) refers to the inference output of an AI model generated by the model inference function (30), and the details of the inference output may vary depending on the use case.

[0117] Model performance feedback (14) can be used to monitor the performance of the AI ​​model if available, and this feedback may be omitted.

[0118] The actor function (40) is a function that receives an output (16) from the model inference function (30) and triggers or performs a corresponding operation / action. The actor function (40) can trigger an operation / action on another entity (e.g., one or more terminals, one or more RAN nodes, one or more network nodes, etc.) or on itself.

[0119] Feedback (15) can be used to derive training data (11) and inference data (12), or to monitor the performance of the AI ​​model, the impact on the network, etc.

[0120] Meanwhile, the definitions of training, validation, and testing in data sets used in AI / ML can be distinguished as follows.

[0121] - Training data: Refers to the dataset used to train a model.

[0122] - Validation data: This refers to a dataset used to validate a model that has already been trained. Validation data typically refers to a dataset used to prevent overfitting of the training dataset. Additionally, validation data can refer to a dataset used to select the best model among the various models trained during the learning process. Therefore, validation can be viewed as a type of training.

[0123] - Test data: Refers to the dataset for final evaluation. This data is unrelated to training.

[0124] For example, within the entire dataset, training data and validation data can be divided in a ratio of approximately 8:2 or 7:3. Alternatively, within the entire dataset, training data:validation data:test data can be divided in a ratio of 6:2:2.

[0125] Depending on whether the base station and the terminal possess the capability for AI / ML functions, the cooperation level can be defined as follows, and variations resulting from the combination of multiple levels below or the separation of any one level are also possible.

[0126] Category 0a: This corresponds to a no collaboration framework. In this case, the AI / ML algorithm is based on pure implementation and may not require changes to the wireless interface.

[0127] Category 0b: Corresponds to a framework that involves a wireless interface modified to fit efficient implementation-based AI / ML algorithms but lacks cooperation.

[0128] Category 1: This applies to cases involving inter-node support to improve the AI / ML algorithms of each node. For example, it applies when a terminal receives support from a base station (for training, adaptation, etc.), and vice versa. At this level, model exchange between network nodes is not required.

[0129] Category 2: This applies to cases where joint ML operations between a terminal and a base station can be performed. This level requires AI / ML model commands or exchanges between network nodes.

[0130] The functions exemplified in Figure 5 above may be implemented at RAN nodes (e.g., base station, TRP, base station CU, etc.), network nodes, network operator's OAM (operation administration maintenance), or terminals.

[0131] Alternatively, two or more entities among a RAN, a network node, a network operator's OAM, or a terminal may cooperate to implement the functions exemplified in FIG. 5. For example, one entity may perform some of the functions of FIG. 5, and another entity may perform the remaining functions. As such, some of the functions exemplified in FIG. 5 are performed by a single entity (e.g., a terminal, a RAN node, a network node, etc.), the transmission / provision of data / information between each function may be omitted. For example, if the model training function (20) and the model inference function (30) are performed by the same entity, the transmission / provision of model distribution / update (13) and model performance feedback (14) may be omitted.

[0132] Alternatively, any one of the functions exemplified in FIG. 5 may be performed by two or more entities among the RAN, network node, network operator's OAM, or terminal in collaboration. This may be referred to as a split AI operation.

[0133] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0134] For example, the AI ​​model training function can be performed by network nodes (e.g., core network nodes, network operator's OAM, etc.), and the AI ​​model inference function can be performed by RAN nodes (e.g., base station, TRP, base station's CU, etc.).

[0135] Step 1: RAN Node 1 and RAN Node 2 can transmit input data (e.g., training data) for training an AI model to a network node. Here, RAN Node 1 and RAN Node 2 can also transmit data collected from terminals to the network node (e.g., terminal measurements related to RSRP (reference signal received power), RSRQ (reference signal received quality), and SINR (signal to interference-plus-noise ratio) of the serving cell and neighboring cells, terminal location, speed, etc.).

[0136] Step 2: Network nodes can train AI models using the received training data.

[0137] Step 3: The network node can distribute / update the AI ​​model to RAN Node 1 and / or RAN Node 2. RAN Node 1 (and / or RAN Node 2) may also continue model training based on the received AI model.

[0138] For the sake of convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the AI ​​model was deployed / updated only to RAN Node 1.

[0139] Step 4: RAN Node 1 can receive input data (e.g., inference data) for AI model inference from the terminal and RAN Node 2.

[0140] Step 5: RAN Node 1 can perform AI model inference using the received inference data to generate output data (e.g., prediction or decision).

[0141] Step 6: If applicable, RAN node 1 can send model performance feedback to network nodes.

[0142] Step 7: RAN Node 1, RAN Node 2, and the terminal (or 'RAN Node 1 and the terminal', or 'RAN Node 1 and RAN Node 2') can perform an action based on the output data. For example, in the case of a load balancing action, the terminal may move from RAN Node 1 to RAN Node 2.

[0143] Step 8: RAN Node 1 and RAN Node 2 can transmit feedback information to network nodes.

[0144] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0145] For example, both AI model training and AI model inference functions can be performed by RAN nodes (e.g., base station, TRP, base station's CU, etc.).

[0146] Step 1: The terminal and RAN node 2 can transmit input data (e.g., training data) for training an AI model to RAN node 1.

[0147] Step 2: RAN Node 1 can train an AI model using the received training data.

[0148] Step 3: RAN Node 1 can receive input data (e.g., inference data) for AI model inference from the terminal and RAN Node 2.

[0149] Step 4: RAN Node 1 can perform AI model inference using the received inference data to generate output data (e.g., prediction or decision).

[0150] Step 5: RAN Node 1, RAN Node 2, and the terminal (or 'RAN Node 1 and the terminal', or 'RAN Node 1 and RAN Node 2') can perform an action based on the output data. For example, in the case of a load balancing action, the terminal may move from RAN Node 1 to RAN Node 2.

[0151] Step 6: RAN Node 2 can send feedback information to RAN Node 1.

[0152] FIG. 8 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0153] For example, the AI ​​model training function may be performed by a RAN node (e.g., base station, TRP, base station CU, etc.), and the AI ​​model inference function may be performed by a terminal.

[0154] Step 1: A terminal can transmit input data (e.g., training data) for training an AI model to a RAN node. Here, the RAN node can collect data (e.g., terminal measurements related to RSRP, RSRQ, SINR of the serving cell and neighboring cells, terminal location, velocity, etc.) from various terminals and / or other RAN nodes.

[0155] Step 2: The RAN node can train an AI model using the received training data.

[0156] Step 3: The RAN node can distribute / update the AI ​​model to the terminal. The terminal may also continue model training based on the received AI model.

[0157] Step 4: Input data (e.g., inference data) for AI model inference can be received from terminals and RAN nodes (and / or other terminals).

[0158] Step 5: The terminal can perform AI model inference using the received inference data to generate output data (e.g., prediction or decision).

[0159] Step 6: If applicable, the terminal can transmit model performance feedback to the RAN node.

[0160] Step 7: The terminal and the RAN node can perform actions based on the output data.

[0161] Step 8: The terminal can transmit feedback information to the RAN node.

[0162] THz communication

[0163] Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz–300 GHz band range (sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz–3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz–3 THz band is part of the broadband, it lies at the boundary of the broadband and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz–3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0164] FIG. 9 shows an electromagnetic spectrum to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0165] Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0166] When transmitting system information (e.g., MIB) of a cell in the THz frequency band, it can be inefficient because, in the case of high frequency bands, beam sweeping must be performed more frequently to cover the entire area of ​​the cell as the beam width becomes narrower. In particular, transmitting system information using this method is even more inefficient when there are not many users in the cell.

[0167] FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary system information transmission / reception procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0168] The example of FIG. 10 is applicable not only to THz communication environments but also to 6G communication environments where THz communication is not applied. In addition, the procedure exemplified in FIG. 10 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. For example, embodiments described below can be performed based on system information obtained by the procedure exemplified in FIG. 10.

[0169] In step S1010, the second node (120) (e.g., a base station) can transmit system information of cell #1 through cell #2. For example, the base station provides at least two cells, cell #1 uses a THz frequency band, and cell #2 uses a frequency band other than the THz frequency band. Here, the system information may include at least one of a system frame number (SFN) generated at a higher layer, a PDCCH configuration for SIB1, cell barring, cell re-selection, and subcarrier spacing, and may include at least one of a synchronization signal / PBCH (physical broadcast channel) block index generated at a physical layer. To this end, as an example, cell #1 and cell #2 may have a secondary cell and primary cell relationship.

[0170] In step S1030, the first node (110) (e.g., a terminal) can acquire synchronization for cell #1. Synchronization can be acquired by detecting a synchronization signal. Generally, synchronization is acquired prior to receiving system information, but since the system information of cell #1 is received in cell #2, the acquisition of synchronization for cell #1 can be performed after receiving system information. For example, the terminal can acquire synchronization based on system information. Alternatively, the acquisition of synchronization may be performed prior to step S1010.

[0171] In step S1050, the first node (110) may transmit a signal to connect to cell #1. For example, the signal may include a random access preamble. The structure of such a signal and the resource for transmitting the signal (e.g., a channel) may be identified through system information. Subsequently, in step S1070, the first node (110) and the second node (120) may perform a connection procedure to cell #1 and perform communication.

[0172] The procedure described with reference to FIG. 10 may be performed when the first node (110) first connects to cell #1 of the second node (120). Alternatively, a similar procedure may be performed when the first node (110) handovers to cell #1 of the second node (120). However, in the case of a handover, the system information of cell #1 may be received from a cell of a different base station other than cell #2 of the second node (120).

[0173] Communication in the THz band is expected to experience severe path loss, and to overcome this, terminals and base stations may be required to use very sharp beams. The use of sharp beams implies that terminals and base stations must perform beam control in addition to beamforming, meaning that a very large number of beams are utilized. Consequently, aligning the transmit and receive beams between the base station and the terminal takes a very long time. Furthermore, if the beam alignment between the base station and the terminal is disrupted due to the movement of the terminal, time is frequently required to realign the beams, which may lead to link instability.

[0174] FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary beam management procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0175] Figure 11 illustrates an example of a procedure for searching and / or selecting beams for THz communication, but this procedure is not limited to a THz environment and can also be applied in a 6G communication environment where THz communication is not applied.

[0176] Here, the term "beam" can be interpreted as other terms having equivalent technical meanings capable of distinguishing beams, such as "spatial domain filter," "spatial domain transmit filter," "spatial domain receive filter," reference signal (RS) resources for distinguishing beams, and SSB index.

[0177] In step S1110, the second node (120) (e.g., base station) may set resources for beam management to the first node (110) (e.g., terminal). Here, the resources may include at least one of time-frequency resources, channels, and spatial resources (e.g., antenna ports). For example, the base station may utilize a beam search signal (BSS) that is transmitted spatially separated from the existing downlink signal / channel for beam search. Here, the BSS may be transmitted based on a dedicated port for beam search. The dedicated port may be a port different from the port for transmitting the existing downlink signal / channel (e.g., SSB, PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), etc.). BSS is a term defined for convenience of explanation, and the technical concept according to the present embodiment is not limited to the term BSS itself. For example, a signal transmitted based on a dedicated port defined / set for beam search may be included in the technical concept according to the present embodiment.

[0178] In step S1130, the second node (120) (e.g., a base station) transmits measurement signals using multiple transmission beams. For example, the measurement signals may include at least one of a reference signal and a synchronization signal. At this time, the measurement signals may be transmitted as many times as the number of beams requiring measurement, and may be transmitted using a multi-beam transmission method that forms multiple beams simultaneously to reduce sweeping time. Here, multi-beam transmission may be performed based on at least one of a multi-panel, a sub-array, or a true time delay (TTD).

[0179] In step S1150, the first node (110) (e.g., a terminal) may transmit a feedback signal to the second node (120) (e.g., a base station). The feedback signal may indicate at least one beam selected by the terminal. The terminal may select at least one preferred beam based on the measurement signals received in step S1130.

[0180] In step S1170, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can communicate. For example, the second node (120) can perform transmission to the first node (110) using the receiving beam of the first node (110) selected in step S1150. If channel reciprocity is established, the transmission beam of the first node (110) can also be determined through steps S1130 and S1150, so the transmission operation from the first node (110) can also be performed using a beam that has a reciprocity relationship with the beam selected in step S1150. If channel reciprocity is not established, a procedure including the transmission of measurement signal(s) by the first node (110) and the transmission of feedback signal(s) by the second node (120) may be performed first to determine the transmission beam of the first node (110).

[0181] Non-terrestrial networks (NTN)

[0182] FIGS. 12 and FIGS. 13 show examples of NTN scenarios to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0183] NTN can represent a network or network segment that uses RF (radio frequency) resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS (unmanned aerial system) platform).

[0184] Figure 12 shows an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a transparent payload, and Figure 13 shows an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a regenerative payload.

[0185] Referring to FIG. 12, the satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a terminal. The satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite can be connected to a data network via the gateway. A beam footprint may refer to an area where signals transmitted by the satellite can be received.

[0186] Referring to FIG. 13, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a terminal. The satellite (or UAS platform) connected to the terminal can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via inter-satellite links (ISL). Another satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on a regenerated payload, the satellite can be connected to a data network via another satellite and a gateway. If no ISL exists between the satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required.

[0187] FIGS. 12 and 13 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement a transparent or regenerative (with on-board processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams across a designated service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the on-board antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle.

[0188] For example, the transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered.

[0189] For example, the regeneration payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, the regeneration payload may be substantially the same as carrying all or part of the base station functions on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0190] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

[0191] Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (or range) of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Since radio frequency sensing capabilities do not require connecting to objects via devices within a network, they can provide services for determining object locations without the need for devices. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) that enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing may utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, such as sensing operations, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering processing of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing can provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from communication networks to wireless communication and sensing networks.

[0192] FIG. 14 shows examples of sensing operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0193] Specifically, FIG. 14(a) illustrates an example of monostatic sensing operation using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same position. FIG. 14(b) illustrates an example of bistatic sensing operation using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at separate positions. A sensing receiver receives a signal that is reflected or scattered by a sensing object from a sensing signal transmitted from a sensing transmitter, and can extract or acquire sensing data based on the received signal. A sensing result can be generated or determined through appropriate processing of this sensing data. The sensing result can be provided to a trusted third-party entity or service outside the 3GPP system via an entity or service within the 3GPP system.

[0194] Ambient IoT (ambient internet of things)

[0195] Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been attracting significant attention in the world of wireless communication. By reducing the size, complexity, and power consumption of IoT devices, and by installing and connecting tens of billions to hundreds of billions of IoT devices, it becomes possible to apply them to various fields.

[0196] In this regard, the IoT technology is being developed under the name Ambient IoT (AmIoT) for various use cases, scenarios, requirements, signaling, configuration, etc.

[0197] For example, active signal generation and / or backscattering may be one of the communication techniques considered to achieve low-power operation of AmIoT devices. For example, backscattering can enable the device to communicate with the network by reflecting incident waves after modulating them with the information to be transmitted. For example, the device may be powered by an incident RF signal or stored energy.

[0198] AmIoT devices can be classified into various device types, such as passive, semi-passive, and active, depending on the energy storage and transmission signal generation methods. For example, passive devices do not have energy storage devices (e.g., capacitors) and can communicate based on backscatter communication technology. For example, semi-passive devices have energy storage devices and can communicate using backscatter communication technology with the assistance of energy storage devices. For example, active devices have energy storage devices and can communicate by actively generating signals using active RF components and stored energy.

[0199] In the present disclosure, the following types of IoT devices may be considered.

[0200] Device type 1 has a maximum power consumption of approximately 1 uW and can perform uplink transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station / terminal or a separate node). For example, device type 1 may be a device without energy storage and without independent signal generation.

[0201] Device type 2 has a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred uW and can perform uplink transmission by backscattering carrier waves provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station / terminal or a separate node) or through signals generated internally. Specifically, a device type that performs signal transmission via backscatter may be referred to as device type 2a, and a device type that performs signal transmission via signals generated internally may be referred to as device type 2b. For example, device type 2a is a device with energy storage and no independent signal generation, in which case the use of the stored energy may include amplification of the reflected signal. Additionally, for example, device type 2b may be a device with energy storage and independent signal generation (e.g., a device with active RF components for transmission).

[0202] In addition, in addition to the classification methods described above, the type / class of AmIoT devices can be distinguished based on parameters associated with device characteristics (e.g., presence / capacity of energy storage, degree of energy / power consumption, presence / capability of amplification, presence / capability of a band-pass filter (BPF), supported DL / UL transmission method(s), etc.) or combinations of parameters.

[0203] Regarding AmIoT communication, various basic topologies may be considered to support AmIoT devices in indoor and outdoor scenarios. For example, basic topologies may include a direct connection topology between a base station and an AmIoT device, a topology where the base station and an AmIoT device are connected through an intermediate node, a topology where connection via an auxiliary node is supported, and / or a connection topology between a terminal and an AmIoT device.

[0204] The basic topologies described in this disclosure are merely examples, and the proposals of this disclosure may be extended to other types of topologies.

[0205] FIG. 15 illustrates topologies that can be supported in ambient IoT communication to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0206] FIG. 15(a) shows a direct connection topology between a base station and an AmIoT device (e.g., topology 1) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0207] Referring to FIG. 15(a), the AmIoT device can communicate directly and bidirectionally with a base station. For example, communication between the base station and the AmIoT device may include AmIoT data and / or signals. For example, AmIoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel). In this regard, the base station performing transmission to the AmIoT device and the base station performing reception from the AmIoT device may be different. For example, in Topology 1, the base station and the AmIoT device in a micro-cell environment may communicate directly with each other. For example, the base station may be located at a co-site with a base station equipped with existing 3GPP technology.

[0208] FIG. 15(b) shows a topology (e.g., topology 2) in which a base station and an AmIoT device are connected through an intermediate node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0209] Referring to FIG. 15(b), an AmIoT device can communicate bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the device and the base station. For example, the intermediate node may be an AmIoT-enabled relay, IAB node, terminal, repeater, etc. The intermediate node may transmit AmIoT data and / or signals between the base station and the AmIoT device. AmIoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel). In this regard, the intermediate node performing transmission to the AmIoT device and the intermediate node performing reception from the AmIoT device may be different. For example, in Topology 2, an intermediate node may exist between the base station and the AmIoT device in a macro-cell environment. For example, the base station may be located at a co-site with a base station equipped with existing 3GPP technology. For example, the intermediate node may be limited to a terminal, and the intermediate node may be located indoors.

[0210] FIG. 15(c) shows a topology (e.g., topology 3) in which connection by an auxiliary node is supported according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0211] Referring to the left topology of FIG. 15(c), an auxiliary node may be supported for downlink reception. For example, an AmIoT device may transmit data / signals to a base station, and an AmIoT device may receive data / signals from an auxiliary node. Additionally, referring to the right topology of FIG. 15(c), an auxiliary node may be supported for uplink transmission. For example, an AmIoT device may receive data / signals from a base station, and an AmIoT device may transmit data / signals to an auxiliary node. For example, the auxiliary node may be an AmIoT-enabled relay, IAB node, terminal, repeater, etc.

[0212] FIG. 15 (d) shows a connection topology (e.g., topology 4) between a terminal and an AmIoT device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0213] Referring to FIG. 15 (d), the AmIoT device can communicate bidirectionally with the terminal. For example, communication between the terminal and the AmIoT device may include AmIoT data and / or signals. AmIoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel).

[0214] FIG. 16 shows a specific example of a topology supported in ambient IoT communication to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0215] Figure 16 (a) illustrates various cases of topology 1, and Figure 16 (b) illustrates various cases of topology 2.

[0216] Referring to Fig. 16(a), in the case of D1T1-A1, different leaders, Node R1 (e.g., Leader 1) and Node R2 (e.g., Leader 2), may each be responsible for R2D channel transmission and D2R channel reception. In this case, the CW signal may be transmitted by Node R1. In the case of D1T1-A2, the same leader, Node R, may be responsible for both R2D channel transmission and D2R channel reception. In this case, the CW signal may be transmitted by Node R. In the case of D1T1-B, the same leader, Node R, may be responsible for both R2D channel transmission and D2R channel reception. In this case, the CW signal may be transmitted by a separate CW node. In this regard, Nodes R / R1 / R2 may all be base stations or network nodes connected to base stations.

[0217] Referring to Fig. 16(b), in the case of D2T2-A1, different leaders, Node R1 (e.g., Leader 1) and Node R2 (e.g., Leader 2), may each be responsible for R2D channel transmission and D2R channel reception. In this case, the CW signal may be transmitted by Node R1. In the case of D2T2-A2, the same leader, Node R, may be responsible for both R2D channel transmission and D2R channel reception. In this case, the CW signal may be transmitted by Node R. In the case of D2T2-B, the same leader, Node R, may be responsible for both R2D channel transmission and D2R channel reception. In this case, the CW signal may be transmitted by a separate CW node. In this regard, Nodes R / R1 / R2 may all be terminals that perform the role of an intermediate node (IN). Alternatively, in the case of D2T2-A1, the R1 node may be a base station and the R2 node may be a terminal, or the R1 node may be a terminal and the R2 node may be a base station.

[0218] Additionally, AmIoT devices may require externally provided CW for backscatter transmission. For example, the CW can be used to supply energy to AmIoT devices or as a CW for DL ​​transmission, regardless of the transmission mode (e.g., backscatter transmission or internally generated transmission).

[0219] In this regard, CW waveforms can be supported in various types. For example, the type of CW waveform can be a single-tone CW waveform or a somewhat complex multi-tone CW waveform. For example, single-tone CW may be advantageous over multi-tone CW in terms of the multiplexing capacity of tags or readers and in terms of interference because it uses fewer resources. On the other hand, multi-tone CW has advantages such as the ability to deliver more energy when transmitting CW over DL and to secure greater coverage on a single device.

[0220] Considering the advantages of these different CW waveform types, multiple CW waveform types may be supported in the AmIoT system, and the base station / IN / AN / UE may configure the CW waveform type. For example, one or more CW waveform types supported by the AmIoT communication system may be pre-configured / defined, and the base station / IN / AN / UE may select one of the one or more supported CW waveform types and transmit it to the AmIoT device. For example, the base station / IN / AN / UE may configure / instruct / display the selected CW waveform type to the AmIoT device in the form of a command / message transmitted as a preamble / frame-sync or payload.

[0221] In the present disclosure, for AmIoT communication, at least one of the necessary characteristics of a carrier waveform for a carrier provided outside the AmIoT device (including interference handling at the AmIoT device UL receiver and NR base station) may be proposed. Additionally, in the present disclosure, for AmIoT communication, at least one of paging, random access, data transmission including necessary radio resource control aspects complying with general range limitations, interaction with upper layers (e.g., RRC layer, NAS (non-access stratum) layer, application layer, etc.), device context management, data transmission, coexistence of AmIoT with 6G / NR / LTE, and / or RF requirements for AmIoT may be proposed.

[0222] Technical terms used in this disclosure may be as follows.

[0223] - SSB: Synchronization Signal Block

[0224] - MIB: Master Information Block

[0225] - RMSI: Remaining Minimum System Information

[0226] - FR1: Frequency Range 1. Refers to the frequency range of 6 GHz or lower (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz).

[0227] - FR2: Frequency Domain 2. Refers to the millimeter wave (mmWave) region above 24 GHz (e.g., 24,250 MHz ~ 52,600 MHz).

[0228] - BW: Bandwidth

[0229] - BWP: Bandwidth Part

[0230] - RNTI: Radio Network Temporary Identifier

[0231] - CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check

[0232] - SIB: System Information Block

[0233] - SIB1: SIB1 for NR devices (e.g., RMSI). Broadcasts information necessary for cell connection of NR terminals.

[0234] - CORESET: Control Resource Set. The time / frequency resource for which the NR terminal attempts candidate PDCCH decoding.

[0235] - CORESET#0: CORESET for Type0-PDCCH CSS set for NR devices (set in MIB)

[0236] - Type0-PDCCH CSS Set: A search space set in which NR terminals monitor a set of PDCCH candidates for DCI format with CRCs scrambled to SI-RNTI.

[0237] - MO: PDCCH monitoring opportunity for Type0-PDCCH CSS set

[0238] - SIB1-R: (Additional) SIB1 for NR devices with reduced capability. Limited to cases where it is created as a separate TB from the SIB1 and transmitted via a separate PDSCH.

[0239] - CORESET#0-R: CORESET#0 for Reduced Capability NR Devices

[0240] - Type0-PDCCH-R CSS Set: A search space set with redcap UEs monitoring a set of PDCCH candidates for DCI format with CRCs scrambled with SI-RNTI.

[0241] - MO-R: PDCCH monitoring opportunity for Type0-PDCCH CSS set

[0242] - Cell defining SSB (CD-SSB): An NR SSB that includes RMSI scheduling information

[0243] - Non-cell defining SSB (non-CD-SSB): Refers to an SSB placed in an NR sync raster that does not include the corresponding cell's RMSI scheduling information for measurement purposes. However, it may include information indicating the location of the cell defining SSB.

[0244] - SCS: Subcarrier spacing

[0245] - SI-RNTI: System Information-RNTI

[0246] - Camp On: "Camp On" is a terminal state where the UE remains in a cell and is ready to start potential dedicated services or receive ongoing broadcast services.

[0247] - TB: Transport Block

[0248] - RSA (Redcap standalone): A cell that supports only the Redcap device or service.

[0249] - SIB1(-R)-PDSCH: PDSCH transmitting SIB1(-R)

[0250] - SIB1(-R)-DCI: DCI scheduling SIB1(-R)-PDSCH. DCI format 1_0 CRC scrambled by SI-RNTI.

[0251] - SIB1(-R)-PDCCH: PDCCH transmitting SIB1(-R)-DCI

[0252] - FDRA: Frequency Domain Resource Allocation

[0253] - TDRA: Time Domain Resource Allocation

[0254] - RA: Random Access

[0255] - MSGA: Transmission of preamble and payload for a two-stage RA type random access procedure.

[0256] - MSGB: Response to MSGA in a two-stage random access procedure. MSGB may consist of responses to contention resolution, fallback instructions, and backoff instructions.

[0257] - RO-N: RO (RACH Occasion) for general terminal 4-stage RACH and 2-stage RACH (if configured)

[0258] - RO-N1, RO-N2: When a separate RO is configured for general terminal 2-stage RACH, it is classified as RO-N1 (4 stages) and RO-N2 (2 stages).

[0259] - RO-R: RO (RACH Occasion) configured separately from RO-N for Redcap terminal Level 4 RACH and Level 2 RACH (if configured)

[0260] - RO-R1, RO-R2: When a separated RO is configured for Redcap terminal 2-stage RACH, it is classified as RO-R1 (4 stages) and RO-R2 (2 stages).

[0261] - PG-R: MsgA-preamble group for redcap terminals

[0262] - RAR: Random Access Response

[0263] - RAR Window: Time window to monitor RA responses

[0264] - FH: Frequency Hopping

[0265] - iBWP: Initial BWP

[0266] - iBWP-DL(-UL): Initial DL(UL) BWP

[0267] - iBWP-DL(-UL)-R: Initial DL(UL) BWP (separated) for redcap

[0268] - CS: Cyclic shift

[0269] - NB: Narrowband

[0270] - TO: Traffic Offloading

[0271] - mMTC: Massive Machine Type Communications

[0272] - eMBB: Enhanced Mobile Broadband Communication

[0273] - URLLC: Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication

[0274] - RedCap: Reduced Capability

[0275] - eRedCap: Enhanced RedCap

[0276] - FDD: Frequency Division Duplex

[0277] - HD-FDD: Half-Duplex-FDD

[0278] - DRX: Discontinuous Reception

[0279] - RRC: Radio Resource Control

[0280] - RRM: Radio Resource Management

[0281] - MM: Mobility Management

[0282] - IWSN: Industrial Wireless Sensor Network

[0283] - LPWA: Low Power Wide Area

[0284] - RB: Resource Block

[0285] - CCE: Control Channel Element

[0286] - AL: Aggregation Level

[0287] - PRG: Physical Resource-block Group

[0288] - DFT-s-OFDM: DFT-spread OFDM

[0289] - PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel

[0290] - A-PBCH: Additional PBCH

[0291] - BD: Blind detection

[0292] - EPRE: Energy Per RE

[0293] - SNR: Signal-to-Noise Ratio

[0294] - TDM: Time Division Multiplexing

[0295] - FDM: Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0296] - DMRS: Demodulation Reference Signal

[0297] - TDD: Time Division Duplex

[0298] - PCI: Physical layer Cell ID

[0299] - EH: Energy Harvesting

[0300] - EH Device: A device operating based on EH. This may include all device types in AmIoT. Additionally, while this disclosure primarily considers RF EH, the EH device is not necessarily required to be RF EH-based.

[0301] - ES: Energizing Signal. A signal / channel transmitted by a base station / IN / AN / UE for the purpose of supplying RF energy to a device operating based on RF-based EH. (Modulated) CW, NR / LTE DL / UL signals, etc. can be ES, and a dedicated signal / channel for ES can be designed to support it.

[0302] - ET: Energy Transfer

[0303] - CW: Carrier wave. AmIoT devices supporting backscattering-based UL transmission transmit information by modulating and backscattering an "externally provided" CW. AmIoT devices supporting independent signal generation-based UL transmission transmit information by modulating an "internally generated" CW. Unless otherwise noted, it is assumed to refer to the "externally provided" CW for backscattering. The CW can be used as an ES (Energizing Signal) for RF energy transfer.

[0304] - CWN: CW Node. A node that provides CW. It can be a base station, IN, AN, or UE, and a separate CWN may exist for the purpose of providing CW.

[0305] - R: Reader / Interrogator. In the AmIoT description, depending on the topology, gNB / eNB, intermediate node (IN) / assisting node (AN), terminal, etc., can be readers. Additionally, since AmIoT is not limited to 4G / 5G communication systems, it may include base stations, intermediate nodes / assisting nodes, and terminals of next-generation communication systems. It may also mean an AmIoT reader.

[0306] - T: Tag / AmIoT device. It may be interchangeable with EH device in this disclosure, and in the AmIoT description, it mainly refers to an AmIoT device, device type 1 / 2a / 2b.

[0307] - D: AmIoT device (may have the same meaning as the aforementioned T)

[0308] - R=>T: Reader-to-Tag or Reader-to-Tag communication link. May have the same meaning as DL or forward link when the base station or intermediate node / auxiliary node is the reader.

[0309] - R2D: Reader (R)-to-Device (D) Link (May have the same meaning as R=>T or AmIoT DL. May be denoted as R=>D.)

[0310] - CW2D: CWN-to-Device(D) Link (CW Node-to-AmIoT Device Link)

[0311] - T=>R: Tag-to-Reader or Tag-to-Reader communication link. If the base station or intermediate / auxiliary node is the leader, it may have the same meaning as a UL or reverse / backward link.

[0312] - D2R: Device (D)-to-Reader (R) Link (May have the same meaning as T=>R or AmIoT UL. May be denoted as D=>R.)

[0313] - R<=>T: Includes cases of R=>T and T=>R, or R=>T or T=>R. May apply to both R=>T and T=>R.

[0314] - R<=>D: Includes cases of R2D and D2R, or R2D or D2R. May apply to both R2D and D2R. (May have the same meaning as R<=>T)

[0315] - RF-EH: RF energy harvesting

[0316] - PRDCH: Physical R2D Channel (may be denoted as PR2DCH). A physical channel for R2D communication.

[0317] - PDRCH: Physical D2R Channel (may be denoted as PD2RCH). A physical channel for D2R communication.

[0318] - BS: Base Station

[0319] - IN: Intermediate node. In Topology 2 (BS <-> IN <-> AmIoT device), IN acts as the leader. Relays, IABs, terminals, repeaters, etc. can be IN.

[0320] - AN: Assisting node. It can assist in DL transmission in Topology 3-1 (BS -> AN -> AmIoT device -> BS) or assist in UL transmission in Topology 3-2 (BS -> AmIoT device -> AN -> BS). Relays, IABs, terminals, repeaters, etc. can be ANs.

[0321] - UE: User Equipment. In the case of LTE, NR, or next-generation communication systems, it refers to the LTE, NR, or next-generation communication system UE / terminal, respectively. It is a general wireless communication terminal form distinct from AmIoT devices or device types 1 / 2a / 2b. In Topology 4 (UE <-> AmIoT device), the UE acts as the leader.

[0322] - Device: Unless otherwise noted, and when used alone, refers to an EH device, an AmIoT device, or device type 1 / 2a / 2b without distinction.

[0323] - AmIoT: Ambient IoT

[0324] - F-gap: Frequency gap

[0325] - T-gap: Time gap

[0326] - TD: Time Domain

[0327] - FD: Frequency Domain

[0328] - PEI: Paging Early Indication

[0329] - LP-WUS: Low-Power Wake-Up Signal

[0330] - LP-SS: Low-Power Synchronization Signal

[0331] - RSRP: Reference Signal Received Power

[0332] - ESRP: ES Received Power. May refer to RSRP measured using ES. May have the same meaning as ES-RSRP.

[0333] - PRB: Physical Resource Block

[0334] - EH Circuit: A circuit that performs EH operation. An EH device can be viewed as including an EH circuit in the form of a component.

[0335] - PHR: Power Headroom Report

[0336] - EHR: Energy Headroom Report

[0337] - BPF: Band-Pass Filter

[0338] - SM: Subcarrier Modulation

[0339] - PIE: Pulse interval encoding

[0340] Ambient IoT (AmIoT)-based communication

[0341] The present disclosure describes a method for transmitting and receiving signals in Topology 1 and Topology 2, in which direct communication (i.e., mono-static communication) between a base station (or / and intermediate node) and an IoT device is performed among four topologies. However, this is merely one embodiment, and the present disclosure may also be applied to Topology 3 and / or Topology 4.

[0342] For example, in Topology 1, the direction from a base station (e.g., gNB) to a device (e.g., AmIoT device) may be referred to as DL, R2T, or R2D, and the direction from a device to a base station may be referred to as UL, T2R, or D2R. The base station may transmit R2D messages or data information to the device via an R2D signal, and the device may transmit D2R messages or data information to the base station via a D2R signal.

[0343] For example, in Topology 2, the direction from an intermediate node (IN) to a device (e.g., an AmIoT device) may be referred to as DL, R2T, or R2D, and the direction from the device to an intermediate node (IN) may be referred to as UL, T2R, or D2R. The intermediate node (IN) can transmit R2D messages or data information to the device via an R2D signal, and the device can transmit D2R messages or data information to the intermediate node (IN) via a D2R signal.

[0344] Additionally, in this disclosure, the preamble, midamble, and postamble of a D2R transmission and an R2D transmission may refer to the sequence transmitted at the very beginning, the sequence transmitted in the middle, and the sequence transmitted at the very end of the said D2R transmission and R2D transmission.

[0345] For example, physical channels such as PRDCH (physical reader device channel) and PDRCH (physical device reader channel) can transmit upper-layer Transport Blocks (TBs) (e.g., MAC PDUs) and also transmit Layer 1 (layer 1) control information or Layer 2 (layer 2) control information (e.g., MAC headers or MAC control elements). For example, in the case of PRDCH or PDRCH, transmission may begin with a preamble and end with a postamble. Additionally, a midamble may be included between the transmission of Layer 1 / Layer 2 control information or TBs. In this disclosure, the expression x-amble may be used as a word referring to the preamble, midamble, and postamble. Additionally, the preamble, midamble, and postamble described in this disclosure may be transmitted together with D2R transmissions, R2D transmissions (e.g., PDRCH, PRDCH), etc., or may be transmitted included in said D2R transmissions or said R2D transmissions.

[0346] FIG. 17 illustrates a PRDCH generation method and a PDRCH generation method to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0347] Referring to FIG. 17, the generation of PRDCH / PDRCH can be composed of CRC attachment, FEC (forward error correction) encoding, TB repetitions, line code encoding, modulation, chip repetitions, and waveform generation.

[0348] Referring to FIG. 17(a), for the R2D information bit, PRDCH can be generated through CRC attachment, line coding, and OOK (On-Off Keying)-1 / OOK-4 generation based on the OFDM waveform. Also, referring to FIG. 17(b), for the D2R information bit, PDRCH can be generated through CRC attachment, coding, and modulation.

[0349] For example, PRDCH / PDRCH generation may be based on one or more of the seven steps described below.

[0350] - Step 1 (CRC attachment): K CRC bits {c_0^CRC, c_1^CRC, ..., c_(K-1)^CRC} are added to the N data bits of the original transmission block {b_0, b_1, b_2, b_N-1}.

[0351] - Step 2 (FEC): The (N + K) bits {b_0, b_1, b_2, ..., b_N-1, c_0^CRC, c_1^CRC, ..., c_(K-1)^CRC} obtained in Step 1 are encoded into a convolutional code with, for example, a 1 / 3 code rate, and a code block {c_0^FEC, c_1^FEC, ..., c_(3(N+K)-1)^FEC} containing a total of 3(N+K) bits is output.

[0352] - Step 3 (TB iteration): If repeated transmission is scheduled, the code block generated in Step 2 is repeated according to the scheduled number of iterations (e.g., 2), and a bit block {c_0^FEC, c_1^FEC, ..., c_(3(N+K)-1)^FEC, c_0^FEC, c_1^FEC, ..., c_(3(N+K)-1)^FEC} containing a total of 6 (N+K) bits is output.

[0353] - Step 4 (Line Code Encoding): The code block repeated in Step 3 is encoded using a line code of length 2, for example, and an encoded block {c_(0,0)^LC, c_(0,1)^LC, c_(1,0)^LC, c_(1,1)^LC, ..., c_(3(N+K)-1,0)^LC, c_(3(N+K)-1,1)^FEC, c_(0,0)^LC, c_(0,1)^LC, c_(1,0)^LC, c_(1,1)^LC, ..., c_(3(N+K)-1,0)^LC, c_(3(N+K)-1,1)^FEC} containing a total of 12 (N+K) bits is output.

[0354] - Step 5 (Modulation): Each bit of the encoded block generated in Step 4 is mapped to 1 / 0 for OOK or +1 / -1 for BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying). Each OOK or BPSK symbol is considered a chip for backscatter modulation. In OOK, 1 and 0 represent high and low voltages, respectively, which are reflected in the envelope amplitude of the chip generated by the analog circuit. In BPSK, +1 and -1 represent phase changes of 0 degrees and 180 degrees, respectively, which are reflected in the envelope phase of the chip generated during the backscatter modulation process. The modulator outputs a chip block containing a total of 12(N+K) chips, expressed, for example, as {s_0, s_1, s_2, ..., s_(12(N+K)-1)}.

[0355] - Step 6 (Chip iteration): If iteration transmission is scheduled, each chip of the chip block generated in Step 5 is repeated according to the scheduled number of chip iterations (e.g., 2), and a chip block {s_0, s_0, s_1, s_1, s_2, s_2, ..., s_(12(N+K)-1), s_(12(N+K)-1)} containing a total of 24 (N+K) chips is output.

[0356] - Step 7 (Waveform Generation): A single carrier waveform is proposed for D2R transmission.

[0357] Various methods for determining the transmission block size (TB size, TBS) of PRDCH and / or PDRCH in relation to AmIoT communication are described below.

[0358] In describing the present disclosure, " / " means "and", "or", or "and / or" depending on the context.

[0359] The embodiments described below are separated solely for the sake of clarity of explanation; each embodiment may be applied independently, or the proposed method / configuration of one embodiment may be combined with or substituted with the proposed method / configuration of another embodiment.

[0360] Connection process in Ambient IoT communication

[0361] The process of an ambient IoT device connecting to a reader device is described. As an example of the present disclosure, FIG. 18 is a flowchart for describing the procedure for an ambient IoT device to access a reader device. Specifically, the connection procedure may consist of an MSG0 transmission / reception procedure, an MSG1 transmission / reception procedure, an MSG2 transmission / reception procedure, an MSG3 transmission / reception procedure, an MSG4 transmission / reception procedure, and an MSG5 transmission / reception procedure.

[0362] (MSG0 Transmission and Reception Procedure)

[0363] In one example of the present disclosure, a base station / intermediate node transmits an MSG0 (e.g., a query signal or / and a PDCCH order, etc.) to an ambient IoT device, and the ambient IoT device can receive the MSG0. One or more leaders may transmit the MSG0 according to the instructions of an upper node. For example, according to the instructions of a base station, multiple intermediate nodes (INs) managed by the same base station (e.g., multiple terminals) may transmit the MSG0.

[0364] For example, if MSG0 is a query signal, the terminal can decide whether to transmit MSG1 based on MSG0. MSG0 can be used as a DL sync signal such as PSS / SSS. For example, MSG0 can be reused as a DL sync signal such as PSS / SSS or defined as a new sync signal.

[0365] In this case, MSG0 may include connection-related system information. For example, connection-related system information may include a timer value for the connection operation and information related to the time interval during which MSG1 transmission is possible (e.g., information related to the start time, length, window pattern, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, connection-related system information may be transmitted via a separate MSG0 for each specific device type, and said MSG0 may indicate that said system information applies only to that specific device type.

[0366] Additionally or alternatively, MSG0 may include information for resolving conflicts. For example, MSG0 may include probability-based access information, UE ID-based access information, early indication-based access information, UE group / type-based access information, service / access type-based access information, etc.

[0367] (MSG1 Transmission and Reception Procedure)

[0368] The ambient IoT device can (re)transmit MSG1 to the reader device. For example, the ambient IoT device can (re)transmit MSG1 to the reader device using a backscattering method. The method described below can also be applied to the transmission and reception of messages following MSG1 (e.g., MSG 3 / 5, etc.).

[0369] In one example of the present disclosure, when MSG1 is transmitted using a slotted ALOHA method, the ambient IoT device may transmit MSG1 at a time aligned with a specific time (e.g., the time of transmission of a DL sync signal transmitted by a reader device, etc., or MSG0, the time of transmission of a CW (carrier wave), the time of backscattering transmission (e.g., ambient IoT device A or B), etc.). The slotted ALOHA method is a method of transmitting data per unit time (e.g., slot). In another example, the ambient IoT device may transmit MSG1 by selectively backscattering the CW.

[0370] Additionally, MSG 1 may include a sequence for collision avoidance. The sequence for collision avoidance may be determined based on at least one of the options described below.

[0371] When multiple readers transmit MSG0, the terminal may respond to only one MSG0 transmission. For example, the terminal may transmit MSG1 in response to the MSG0 transmission received first, or respond only to the MSG0 received with the highest intensity.

[0372] (MSG2 Transmission and Reception Procedure)

[0373] An ambient IoT device may receive MSG2 (from a reader device) after performing MSG1 (re)transmission. In one example of the present disclosure, MSG2 may include / indicate ACK or / and NACK information. For example, if the reader device successfully receives MSG1 and allows a connection, MSG2 may include / indicate an ACK. If the reader device fails to successfully receive MSG1 or / and does not allow a connection, MSG2 may include / indicate a NACK.

[0374] For example, if MSG2 includes / indicates an ACK, MSG2 may include at least one of information included in MSG1 (e.g., sequence information), transmission / reception resources of MSG1 (e.g., time / frequency resources), time / frequency for transmission / reception of MSG (e.g., MSG0, MSG1, MSG2, MSG3, MSG4 and / or MSG5, etc.), or CW time / frequency information for backscattering. If MSG2 includes / indicates a NACK, MSG2 may include a back-off time.

[0375] (MSG3 Transmission and Reception Procedure)

[0376] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, when an ACK containing / indicating an ACK is received, the ambient IoT device may transmit MSG3 (to a reader device). As an example, the ambient IoT device may transmit MSG3 using a backscattering method. The selection of a time interval / time point / frequency / resource for MSG3 transmission may be determined / selected according to at least one of the transmission / reception time interval / time point / frequency / resource selection methods of MSG2.

[0377] MSG3 may include at least one of a UE ID, sequence, early instruction, UE group / type, connection type, RRC connection / resume request message for initial connection, and a C-RNTI MAC CE for the UE within RRC_CONNECTED.

[0378] Here, the UE ID (e.g., C-RNTI) may be scrambled, masked, or attached to all UL messages. The sequence may be part or all of the sequence selected for MSG1. As another example, the sequence may be part or all of the newly selected sequence using at least one of the MSG1 sequence selection methods described above. The early indication may include a device type (e.g., Device A, Device B, or Device C) and / or other processing time. The RRC connection / resumption request message may include a UE ID (e.g., s-TMSI or resumption ID), etc.

[0379] (MSG4 and MSG5 Transmission and Reception Procedures)

[0380] An ambient IoT device that transmitted MSG 3 can receive MSG4 (from a reader device). At this time, MSG4 may include a UE ID (or / and contention resolution MAC CE) or / and sequence information. Here, the sequence may be selected / determined according to at least one of the MSG1 sequence selection methods described above.

[0381] If MSG4 contains the UE ID (or device ID) or sequence of the ambient IoT device, the ambient IoT device can transmit MSG5 (to the reader device).

[0382] For example, MSG5 may include terminal capability information. For example, the terminal capability information may include capability information related to device type (e.g., device type A, B, C), other processing time, early indication (e.g., device type, other processing time), terminal group / type, connection type, etc. Additionally or alternatively, MSG5 may include at least one of UE ID, sequence, and user data.

[0383] Control Information and PRDCH / PDRCH Transmission Structure

[0384] The following describes the transmission structure of control information and PRDCH / PDRCH in relation to R2D / D2R transmission in AmIoT communication.

[0385] FIG. 19 illustrates a control information and PRDCH / PDRCH transmission structure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0386] Referring to FIG. 19, each transmission structure option can be transmitted immediately after the preamble. Additionally, a postamble can be transmitted immediately after the transmission of each transmission structure option.

[0387] For example, if a PRDCH transmission or PDRCH transmission based on the transmission structure of option a or option b is performed including a preamble and a postamble, it may be based on a structure such as that shown in FIG. 20.

[0388] FIG. 20 illustrates a preamble / postamble and PRDCH / PDRCH transmission to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0389] Referring to FIG. 20, R2D / D2R transmission may be performed based on the Manchester code method, which is an example, and may also be performed based on other methods. Additionally, the preamble and postamble illustrated in FIG. 20 may also correspond to an example. As a specific example, the D2R preamble may be transmitted consisting only of a clock acquisition portion for D2R timing acquisition without a start indicator. And / or, the postamble may be transmitted for a different length while maintaining a high voltage, or in the form of a specific sequence consisting of high voltage and low voltage. And / or, R2D / D2R transmission may be performed by transmitting only the preamble and PRDCH / PDRCH without a postamble.

[0390] Additionally, as illustrated in FIG. 19, L1 control information of R2D transmission may be transmitted based on one or more of the following methods.

[0391] (Method 2-1) L1 control information may exist at the end of the preamble as part of the R2D preamble. In this case, the chip duration of the L1 control information may be the same as the chip duration of the preamble. For example, L1 control information may be added immediately after the clock acquisition part of FIG. 20, and PRDCH may be transmitted thereafter. At this time, the structure of PRDCH transmission may be the same as option a or option b of FIG. 19. In the case of option b, PRDCH may start with L2 control information.

[0392] (Method 2-2) L1 control information may exist between the R2D preamble and the PRDCH. In this case, the structure of the PRDCH transmission may be the same as option c, option d, or option e of FIG. 19. In the case of option d, the L1 control information may be transmitted through a separate R2D control channel. In the case of option c or option e, the L1 control information may be transmitted in a separate part without a separate channel.

[0393] (Method 2-3) L1 control information may exist as part of PRDCH at the beginning of PRDCH. In this case, the chip section of L1 control information may be the same as the chip section of PRDCH. At this time, the structure of PRDCH transmission may be the same as option b of FIG. 19, and PRDCH may start with L1 control information.

[0394] FIG. 21 illustrates a MAC payload structure in PRDCH / PDRCH to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0395] The MAC payload structure illustrated in FIG. 21 may be an example of the structure of the payload (e.g., MAC payload) in FIG. 19. Here, the MAC payload may correspond to a single transmission block (TB).

[0396] In options a, c, and d of FIG. 21, the L2 control information may or may not be located at the beginning of the MAC payload. In this case, whether the L2 control information is included in the L1 control information or the clock acquisition portion of the preamble described in FIG. 19 may be indicated. Alternatively, without separate indication, the MAC payload may always include or not include the L2 control information. Alternatively, whether the L2 control information is included in the first bit / field of the L2 control information or in the bit / field immediately preceding the L2 control information may be indicated. Alternatively, the L2 control information may be included in the MAC CE following the MAC subheader of FIG. 21. Additionally, padding may be added to the end portion of the payload of FIG. 21.

[0397] When a payload (e.g., TB) is configured at the MAC layer as shown in FIG. 21, the payload can be transmitted to the physical layer, and the physical layer can configure PRDCH or PDRCH by adding a CRC to the payload. At this time, L1 control information, L2 control information, or whether a CRC is added to TB can be indicated in the MAC CE. And / or, in FIG. 21, the L2 control information can be classified as a specific MAC CE located before the payload (always) or as a MAC header.

[0398] FIG. 22 illustrates the repeated transmission of PDRCH according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0399] FIG. 22 illustrates a case where a midamble is indicated between two consecutive PDRCH repeated transmissions by L1 / L2 control information in the R2D direction or L1 / L2 control information in the D2R direction.

[0400] Referring to FIG. 22, in the repeated transmissions of PDRCH, a (D2R) preamble may be transmitted before the first PDRCH transmission begins. A (D2R) midamble may be included between two consecutive PDRCH transmissions, and a (D2R) postamble may be transmitted after the last PDRCH transmission.

[0401] Meanwhile, although FIG. 22 illustrates only the repeated transmission of PDRCH, the repeated transmission of PRDCH can also be performed with the same structure.

[0402] Control information for Ambient IoT (AmIoT)-based communication

[0403] A reader transmitting a PRDCH may or may not include L1 control information (L1CI) within the PRDCH. In this case, the L1CI transmitted via the R2D method, i.e., the R2D L1CI, may include control information for PRDCH transmission and / or control information for PDRCH transmission.

[0404] Additionally, the reader transmitting the PRDCH may or may not include L2 control information (L2CI) within the PRDCH. In this case, the L2CI transmitted via the R2D method, i.e., the R2D L2CI, may include control information for PRDCH transmission and / or control information for PDRCH transmission.

[0405] Additionally, a device transmitting a PDRCH (e.g., an AmIoT device) may or may not include L1 control information (L1CI) within the PDRCH. In this case, the L1CI transmitted via the D2R method, i.e., the D2R L1CI, may include control information for the PDRCH transmission, control information for the PRDCH transmission (e.g., a subsequent PRDCH transmission), and / or information for reporting to a reader.

[0406] Additionally, a device transmitting a PDRCH (e.g., an AmIoT device) may or may not include L2 control information (L2CI) within the PDRCH. In this case, the L2CI transmitted via the D2R method, i.e., the D2R L2CI, may include control information for the PDRCH transmission, control information for the PRDCH transmission (e.g., a subsequent PRDCH transmission), and / or information for reporting to a reader.

[0407] In this regard, the information reported to the reader may include buffer status, remaining D2R data size, device energy status / level, etc. Additionally, L2CI may be the MAC CE, MAC header / sub-header, or a part thereof included in the MAC PDU.

[0408] In this disclosure, a method for configuring / defining control information related to the transmission of MSG0 and MSG2 in an access procedure is proposed in relation to ambient IoT-based communication.

[0409] Example 1

[0410] The present embodiment relates to a method for configuring / defining control information related to R2D transmission (hereinafter referred to as R2D control information for clarity of explanation) when a reader transmits a PRDCH of MSG0 to a device. For example, MSG0 may include a paging message, a query message, or a query repetition message.

[0411] The PRDCH of the MSG0 described in this disclosure may consist of R2D control information and a MAC payload. For example, the R2D control information may consist of L1CI and / or L2CI and may include one or more of the information described below.

[0412] 1) MSG type indicator

[0413] This information can direct MSG0, pagination, queries, query repetition, etc.

[0414] 2) ID type indicator

[0415] The information may indicate the type of ID included in the ID or ID list described below. For example, the information may be defined to indicate an Access stratum (AS) ID, device ID, group ID, reader ID, broadcast instruction, cast type instruction, or a random number.

[0416] 3) ID or ID list

[0417] The ID may be an AS ID, device ID, group ID, leader ID, broadcast instruction, cast type instruction, or a random number. In this regard, MSG0 may transmit only one ID or include multiple IDs (e.g., a list of IDs).

[0418] 4) MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 Configuration Information

[0419] Configuration information for the time domain resource allocation (TDRA), frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA), and index of MSG1 may be included. Specifically, such configuration information may include settings for transmission time resource(s) for the PDRCH of MSG1 and / or time intervals / locations. Additionally, such configuration information may include settings for transmission frequency resource(s) for the PDRCH of MSG1 and / or frequency locations. Furthermore, such configuration information may include settings for time / frequency resource(s) and location-specific index values ​​for MSG1.

[0420] Configuration information for the TDRA / FDRA / Window of MSG2 may be included. Specifically, said configuration information may include settings for reception time resource(s) for the PRDCH of MSG2 and / or time intervals / locations. Additionally, said configuration information may include settings for reception frequency resource(s) for the PRDCH of MSG2 and / or frequency locations. Furthermore, said configuration information may include the start and end locations of the monitoring time interval for MSG2 reception.

[0421] Time parameter settings for MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 may be included. For example, information regarding the time interval between MSG1 and MSG2 may be included, and based on this, the (minimum and / or maximum) start / end times of the MSG2 reception time / window relative to MSG1 may be determined. For example, information regarding the time interval between MSG2 and MSG3 may be included, and based on this, the (minimum and / or maximum) start / end times of the MSG3 transmission resource relative to MSG2 may be determined. For example, information regarding the time interval between MSG3 and MSG4 may be included, and based on this, the (minimum and / or maximum) start / end times of the MSG4 reception time / window relative to MSG3 may be determined.

[0422] Frequency setting information for MSG3 / MSG4 may be included. Regarding the MSG3 setting information, if MSG2 sets the time / frequency resources for MSG3, the time / frequency resources for MSG3 may be set according to the corresponding setting information of MSG0. For example, if MSG0 indicates K frequency resources / locations out of N frequency resources / locations, MSG2 may indicate a specific frequency resource / location among those K. A device receiving such MSG0 and MSG2 may be configured / defined to transmit MSG3 at the indicated specific frequency resource / location. In this case, MSG0 may assign an index value to each of the N or K frequency resources / locations, and MSG2 may indicate an index value corresponding to the specific frequency resource / location assigned by MSG0. A device receiving this may transmit MSG3 PDRCH according to the frequency resource / location corresponding to the indicated index value.

[0423] Setting information for the x-amble of MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 or the x-amble of subsequent transmissions may be included. For example, information for the preamble / midamble / postamble for each of MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 or subsequent transmissions may be set / instructed. Such information may include i) whether to include each of the preamble / midamble / postamble, ii) sequence value, iii) M value, number of ON (e.g., high voltage) intervals or repetitions, and / or number of OFF (e.g., low voltage) intervals or repetitions, iv) duration of the entire x-amble, duration of the ON intervals, and / or duration of the OFF intervals. The reader that transmitted the corresponding configuration information and the device that received it transmit and receive MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 respectively according to the configuration / instruction of the MSG0, and can then perform continued transmission and reception.

[0424] Configuration information for the repeated transmission of MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4, subsequent PRDCH / PDRCH transmissions, or subsequent repeated transmissions may be included. Through this, the number of repetitions of the repeated transmissions and / or the level of the repeated transmissions (e.g., bit-level, symbol-level, block / TB-level, etc.) may be set.

[0425] 5) Additional Information

[0426] Information regarding access / barring may be additionally included in the R2D control information of MSG0.

[0427] For example, the information may instruct only specific device(s) corresponding to the aforementioned ID to transmit MSG1. Alternatively, the information may instruct only specific device(s) corresponding to the aforementioned ID not to transmit MSG1. Alternatively, the information may instruct only device(s) excluding specific device(s) corresponding to the aforementioned ID to transmit MSG1. Alternatively, the information may instruct only device(s) excluding specific device(s) corresponding to the aforementioned ID not to transmit MSG1.

[0428] At this time, based on the aforementioned instructions, the device(s) unable to transmit MSG1 may transition to a sleep or off state (for a certain period of time or a specific time interval) or perform energy harvesting (EH). Additionally, or alternatively, information (e.g., an indicator) instructing the transition to sleep / off / EH may be included as additional information. A device receiving such information may immediately transition to a sleep / off / EH state or perform EH (whether or not it fails to transmit MSG1 according to such instructions).

[0429] Additionally, in relation to the aforementioned instructions, the device may report contents / information related to the energy state / level via MSG1. Based on this, the reader may transmit the relevant instructions via MSG2, thereby instructing the device to transition to / transition to a sleep / off state or to perform EH. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may report contents / information related to the energy state / level via MSG3. Based on this, the reader may transmit the relevant instructions via MSG4, thereby instructing the device to transition to / transition to a sleep / off state or to perform EH.

[0430] In addition, information regarding the backoff time may be additionally included in the R2D control information of MSG0.

[0431] For example, a time interval during which the device(s) unable to transmit MSG1 according to the aforementioned instructions are unable to transmit MSG1 may be indicated. Alternatively, a start time during which the device(s) can subsequently transmit MSG1 may be indicated. Alternatively, a time during which the device(s) can subsequently receive the next MSG0 transmission may be indicated. In this case, the time may be indicated as a relative time difference from the start or end point of the currently received MSG0 PRDCH. Based on such instructions, the device(s) unable to transmit MSG1 may transition to a sleep / off state during the backoff time, or perform EH.

[0432] Additionally, information regarding count up / down may be additionally included in the R2D control information of MSG0. A device according to the proposed method of the present disclosure sets an initial Q value after receiving MSG0, and subsequently can decrease the Q value upon receiving a specific type of MSG0. The device may decide to transmit MSG1 when the decreased Q value is reduced to a specific value.

[0433] At this time, the currently received MSG0 may instruct only specific device(s) corresponding to the indicated ID to decrease the Q value, or instruct only device(s) excluding specific device(s) corresponding to the indicated ID to decrease the Q value. Alternatively, the currently received MSG0 may instruct only specific device(s) corresponding to the indicated ID not to decrease or to increase the Q value, or instruct only device(s) excluding specific device(s) corresponding to the indicated ID not to decrease or to increase the Q value. Alternatively, it may instruct only device(s) that cannot transmit MSG1 according to the aforementioned instructions to decrease the Q value, or instruct only device(s) that transmit MSG1 according to the instructions to decrease the Q value. At this time, device(s) that transmit MSG1 according to the instructions may also be prevented from transmitting MSG1 if the Q value is not decreased to a specific value. In this regard, the currently received MSG0 may instruct the device(s) decreasing or increasing the Q value to a value indicating how much the value should decrease or increase.

[0434] In addition to the information described above, necessary connection configuration information and update information regarding other configuration information that was instructed or included in past MSG0 / MSG2 or previous transmissions may be included in the R2D control information of MSG0. A terminal / device receiving this may remove the information configured through the previous MSG0 / MSG2 or previous transmissions and apply it by changing it to the corresponding update information.

[0435] When the R2D control information of MSG0 is composed of the information(s) described above, the L1CI and L2CI of the PRDCH transmitting MSG0 may be configured to distribute the information as in the following embodiments.

[0436] In the embodiments described below, L1CI may indicate the size of L2CI (e.g., L2CI bit size, L2CI transmission duration, L2CI start time, and / or L2CI end time), or L1CI or L2CI may additionally indicate the number of IDs included in L2CI. Alternatively, the end time of L1CI or L2CI may be indicated by including an ID value at the end that indicates a specific ID value. The device may determine the size of L2CI based on the indicated size of L2CI or the number of IDs (e.g., N) or a specific ID value, and may determine the start time, length, and end time of L2CI.

[0437] The specific embodiments described below are distinguished solely for the sake of clarity and convenience of explanation; some embodiments may be applied in combination with other embodiments, and each embodiment may be applied independently.

[0438] Example 1-1

[0439] The L1CI of an R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG0 may contain information regarding an MSG type indicator (e.g., MSG0 indicator) or an ID type indicator (e.g., broadcast indicator).

[0440] Additionally, the L1CI or L2CI of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG0 may include information about the size of the L2CI, the number of IDs (e.g., N), or the N+1th ID having a specific value.

[0441] In addition, the L2CI of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG0 may include an ID or a list of IDs, the aforementioned MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information as information specific to the listed IDs, the aforementioned additional information, etc.

[0442] At this time, L2CI can be configured based on a method of arranging ID#1 and its information, followed by ID#2 and its information, and continuing until the last ID#N and its information. That is, based on this method, an L2CI consisting of N IDs and N pieces of information can be finally constructed. Alternatively, the end of the L2CI section can be indicated by adding the N+1th ID at the end, which indicates a specific value. For example, if a device receives the N+1th ID indicating a specific value, the device can determine that the L2CI section has ended through the N+1th ID and that another MAC CE or MAC SDU is to start thereafter.

[0443] With respect to the L1CI and L2CI structures of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for the aforementioned MSG0, the ID-specific information of the L2CI may be transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, or to PRDCHs that are different from the PRDCH transmitting the L1CI. When the ID-specific information of the L2CI is transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, a midamble may be transmitted between the transmissions of the ID-specific information of the L2CI. For example, a midamble may be included and transmitted between the K-th ID-specific information and the K+1-th ID-specific information of the L2CI.

[0444] Examples 1-2

[0445] The L1CI of an R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG0 may contain information regarding an MSG type indicator (e.g., MSG0 indicator) or an ID type indicator (e.g., broadcast indicator). The L1CI may contain information regarding the size of the L2CI, the number of IDs (e.g., N), or the N+1th ID having a specific value, and may contain information regarding an ID or a list of IDs.

[0446] Additionally, the L2CI of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG0 is ID-specific information listed in the L1CI, and may include the aforementioned MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information, the aforementioned additional information, etc. In this case, the additional information may be included by ID, or additional information common to all IDs may be included before or after the ID-specific information. Alternatively, the additional information may be placed after the MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information is placed by ID, or the MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information and the additional information may be placed together by ID.

[0447] At this time, L1CI can be configured by arranging IDs from ID#1 to ID#N, and L2CI can be configured by arranging up to N pieces of information for each ID according to the ID order of L1CI. Alternatively, the end of the L1CI section can be indicated by adding the N+1th ID, which indicates a specific value, at the end following ID#N of L1CI. For example, when a device receives the N+1th ID indicating a specific value, the device can determine that the L1CI section has ended through the N+1th ID and that the L2CI has started.

[0448] With respect to the L1CI and L2CI structures of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for the aforementioned MSG0, the ID-specific information of the L2CI may be transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, or to PRDCHs that are different from the PRDCH transmitting the L1CI. When the ID-specific information of the L2CI is transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, a midamble may be transmitted between the transmissions of the ID-specific information of the L2CI. For example, a midamble may be included and transmitted between the K-th ID-specific information and the K+1-th ID-specific information of the L2CI.

[0449] Examples 1-3

[0450] The L1CI of an R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG0 may contain information regarding an MSG type indicator (e.g., MSG0 indicator) or an ID type indicator (e.g., broadcast indicator). The L1CI may contain information regarding the size of the L2CI, the number of IDs (e.g., N), or the N+1th ID having a specific value, and may contain information regarding an ID or a list of IDs.

[0451] Additionally, the L1CI may include ID-specific information listed in the L1CI (e.g., some of the aforementioned MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information). For example, the L1CI may include only MSG1 configuration information, or only MSG1 configuration information and some of the MSG2 configuration information (e.g., the start and end positions of the monitoring time interval for MSG2 reception), while the remaining MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information may be included in the L2CI. Alternatively, only the MSG2 and MSG4 configuration information corresponding to R2D transmission may be included in the L1CI, and the MSG1 and MSG3 configuration information corresponding to D2R transmission may be included in the L2CI. Alternatively, only the MSG2 and MSG4 configuration information corresponding to R2D transmission may be included in the L2CI, and the MSG1 and MSG3 configuration information corresponding to D2R transmission may be included in the L1CI.

[0452] At this time, L1CI can be configured based on a method of arranging ID#1 and its information, followed by ID#2 and its information, and continuing until the last ID#N and its information. That is, based on this method, L1CI can ultimately be composed of N IDs and N pieces of information related to them. Alternatively, the end of the L1CI section can be indicated by adding the N+1th ID at the end, which indicates a specific value. For example, if a device receives the N+1th ID indicating a specific value, the device can determine that the L1CI section has ended through the N+1th ID and that L2CI begins thereafter.

[0453] With respect to the L1CI structure of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for the aforementioned MSG0, the ID-specific information of the L1CI may be transmitted to the same PRDCH as the information of other L1CIs, or transmitted to PRDCHs that are distinct from the PRDCH transmitting the information of other L1CIs. If all L1CI information is transmitted to the same PRDCH, a midamble may be transmitted between the transmissions of the ID-specific information of the L1CIs. For example, a midamble may be included and transmitted between the K-th ID-specific information of the L1CI and the K+1-th ID-specific information.

[0454] Additionally, the L2CI of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG0 is ID-specific information listed in the L1CI, and may include the remaining MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information not included in the L1CI, as well as the aforementioned additional information. In this case, such additional information may be included by ID, or additional information common to all IDs may be included before or after the ID-specific information. Alternatively, such additional information may be placed after the remaining MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information not included in the L1CI is placed by ID, or the remaining MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information not included in the L1CI and such additional information may be placed together by ID.

[0455] At this time, L2CI can be configured by arranging up to N pieces of information for each ID according to the ID order of L1CI.

[0456] Regarding the L2CI structure of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for the aforementioned MSG0, the ID-specific information of the L2CI may be transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, or to PRDCHs that are different from the PRDCH transmitting the L1CI. When the ID-specific information of the L2CI is transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, a midamble may be transmitted between the transmissions of the ID-specific information of the L2CI. For example, a midamble may be included and transmitted between the K-th ID-specific information and the K+1-th ID-specific information of the L2CI.

[0457] Examples 1-4

[0458] The L1CI of an R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG0 may contain information regarding an MSG type indicator (e.g., MSG0 indicator) or an ID type indicator (e.g., broadcast indicator). The L1CI may contain information regarding the size of the L2CI, the number of IDs (e.g., N), or the N+1th ID having a specific value, and may contain information regarding an ID or a list of IDs.

[0459] In addition, the L1CI may include ID-specific information listed in the L1CI (e.g., the aforementioned MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information).

[0460] At this time, L1CI can be configured based on a method of arranging ID#1 and its information, followed by ID#2 and its information, and continuing until the last ID#N and its information. That is, based on this method, L1CI can ultimately be composed of N IDs and N pieces of information related to them. Alternatively, the end of the L1CI section can be indicated by adding the N+1th ID at the end, which indicates a specific value. For example, if a device receives the N+1th ID indicating a specific value, the device can determine that the L1CI section has ended through the N+1th ID and that L2CI begins thereafter.

[0461] With respect to the L1CI structure of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for the aforementioned MSG0, the ID-specific information of the L1CI may be transmitted to the same PRDCH as the information of other L1CIs, or transmitted to PRDCHs that are distinct from the PRDCH transmitting the information of other L1CIs. If all L1CI information is transmitted to the same PRDCH, a midamble may be transmitted between the transmissions of the ID-specific information of the L1CIs. For example, a midamble may be included and transmitted between the K-th ID-specific information of the L1CI and the K+1-th ID-specific information.

[0462] Additionally, the L2CI of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG0 may include the aforementioned additional information as ID-specific information listed in the L1CI. In this case, such additional information may be included by ID, or additional information common to all IDs may be included before or after the ID-specific information. If such additional information is included by ID, the L2CI may be configured by arranging up to N pieces of ID-specific information according to the ID order of the L1CI.

[0463] Regarding the L2CI structure of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for the aforementioned MSG0, the ID-specific information of the L2CI may be transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, or to PRDCHs that are different from the PRDCH transmitting the L1CI. When the ID-specific information of the L2CI is transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, a midamble may be transmitted between the transmissions of the ID-specific information of the L2CI. For example, a midamble may be included and transmitted between the K-th ID-specific information and the K+1-th ID-specific information of the L2CI.

[0464] In relation to the above-described embodiments, when ID-specific information of L1CI and / or L2CI is transmitted to different PRDCHs, transmission between PRDCHs may be transmitted immediately afterward, or different PRDCHs may be transmitted consecutively by setting a certain gap between PRDCHs.

[0465] If the L1CI of the MSG0 proposed in this disclosure includes an ID corresponding to a specific device, the receiving device may be configured / defined to receive only the ID-specific transmission section of the ID corresponding to itself. In this case, the device may skip and not receive the ID-specific information transmission section(s) that do not correspond to itself. Additionally, the device may charge / harvest energy, receive another PRDCH, receive the next MSG0, transmit MSG1, or switch / transition to an inactive / off / sleep / suspended state. If the device has already obtained the ID-specific information of the ID corresponding to itself, the device may stop receiving the MSG0 and subsequently charge / harvest energy, receive another PRDCH, receive the next MSG0, transmit MSG1, or switch / transition to an inactive / off / sleep / suspended state.

[0466] Example 2

[0467] The present embodiment relates to a method for configuring / defining control information related to R2D transmission (hereinafter referred to as R2D control information for clarity of explanation) when a reader transmits an MSG2 to a device via PRDCH transmission. For example, MSG2 may be transmitted in response to the transmission of MSG1.

[0468] The PRDCH of the MSG2 described in this disclosure may consist of R2D control information and a MAC payload. For example, the R2D control information may consist of L1CI and / or L2CI and may include one or more of the information described below.

[0469] 1) MSG type indicator

[0470] The information may indicate MSG2, a positive MSG1 response (e.g., ACK), a negative MSG1 response (e.g., NACK), etc. For example, if MSG3 resources are allocated for a received MSG1, the leader may send an ACK. On the other hand, if MSG3 resources are not allocated for a received MSG1 or if the leader is instructed to receive the next MSG2, the leader may send a NACK.

[0471] 2) ID type indicator

[0472] The information may indicate the type of ID included in the ID or ID list described below. For example, the information may be defined to indicate an access stratum (AS) ID, device ID, group ID, leader ID, broadcast instruction, cast type instruction, random number, an ID of MSG1 (e.g., an ID included in MSG1), an ID of MSG0 (e.g., an ID included in MSG0), or a resource index of MSG1.

[0473] 3) ID or ID list

[0474] ID may be an AS ID, device ID, group ID, leader ID, broadcast instruction, cast type instruction, or a random number. Alternatively, ID may be an ID included in the MSG1 received by the leader, or all or part of an ID included in the MSG0 that triggered the MSG1 received by the leader. Alternatively, ID may be an index value corresponding to the time / frequency resource(s) and their corresponding location of the MSG1 received by the leader. In this case, the index value may be an index value determined by the configuration of the MSG0 that triggered the MSG1 received by the leader.

[0475] In this regard, MSG0 may transmit only one ID or include multiple IDs (e.g., a list of IDs).

[0476] 4) Configuration information for messages in the access procedure (e.g., MSG0 / MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4)

[0477] Time parameter settings for MSG3 / MSG4 may be included. For example, information regarding the time interval between MSG2 and MSG3 may be included, and based on this, the (minimum and / or maximum) start / end times of the MSG3 transmission resource relative to MSG2 may be determined. For example, information regarding the time interval between MSG3 and MSG4 may be included, and based on this, the (minimum and / or maximum) start / end times of the MSG4 reception time / window relative to MSG3 may be determined.

[0478] Frequency setting information for MSG3 / MSG4 may be included. When MSG2 sets time / frequency resources for MSG3 / MSG4, the time / frequency resources for MSG3 / MSG4 may be set according to the corresponding setting information of MSG0. For example, if MSG0 indicates K frequency resources / locations out of N frequency resources / locations, MSG2 may indicate a specific frequency resource / location among those K. A device receiving such MSG0 and MSG2 may be configured / defined to transmit MSG3 or receive MSG4 at the indicated specific frequency resource / location. In this case, MSG0 may assign an index value to each of the N or K frequency resources / locations, and MSG2 may indicate an index value corresponding to the specific frequency resource / location assigned by MSG0. A device receiving this may transmit MSG3 PDRCH or receive MSG4 PRDCH according to the frequency resource / location corresponding to the indicated index value.

[0479] Alternatively, the frequency resources of MSG3 / MSG4 can be determined based on a combination of the frequency setting information of MSG0 and the frequency setting information of MSG2. For example, if MSG0 indicates a frequency resource / location f_ref and MSG2 indicates a frequency resource / location f_offset, the actual frequency resource of MSG3 or MSG4 can be determined as a frequency resource / location indicated by a value determined by the sum of f_ref and f_offset. Based on this, the device can transmit MSG3 (and subsequent D2R signal(s)) or receive MSG4 (and subsequent R2D signal(s)) at the frequency resource / location determined by the sum. This method can be applied in such a way that MSG0 provides information on a large frequency shift (FS) and MSG2 provides information on a small FS. That is, in the example described above, f_ref can be a large FS value and f_offset can be a small FS value.

[0480] Setting information for the x-amble of MSG3 / MSG4 or the x-amble of subsequent transmissions may be included. For example, information for the preamble / midamble / postamble for each of the MSG3 / MSG4 or subsequent transmissions may be set / instructed. Such information may include i) whether to include each of the preamble / midamble / postamble, ii) sequence value, iii) M value, number of ON (e.g., high voltage) intervals or repetitions, and / or number of OFF (e.g., low voltage) intervals or repetitions, iv) duration of the entire x-amble, duration of the ON intervals, and / or duration of the OFF intervals. The reader that transmitted the corresponding setting information and the device that received it transmit and receive MSG3 / MSG4 respectively according to the settings / instructions of the MSG2, and can then perform continued transmission and reception.

[0481] Configuration information for MSG3 / MSG4, subsequent PRDCH / PDRCH repeated transmissions, or subsequent repeated transmissions may be included. Through this, the number of repetitions of the repeated transmissions and / or the level of the repeated transmissions (e.g., bit-level, symbol-level, block / TB-level, etc.) may be set.

[0482] In addition, configuration information for the next MSG0 / MSG1 / MSG2 may be included.

[0483] The configuration information may include information on whether a device that has failed to acquire MSG3 transmission resources from a received MSG2, failed to transmit MSG3, failed to transmit MSG3, or failed to receive a positive acknowledgment for MSG3 (e.g., MSG4 ACK) will receive the next MSG0 or the next MSG2, and information on whether to instruct the device to do so. Additionally, the configuration information may include information regarding the next MSG0 transmission or the next MSG2 transmission that the device will attempt to receive. Additionally, the configuration information may include information on whether the device will transmit MSG1 again and MSG1 configuration information to induce the device to transmit MSG1 again. For example, the configuration information may include one or more of the following example information.

[0484] For example, information regarding reception status and settings for the TDRA / FDRA / Window of the next MSG0 may be included. This may include settings for time resource(s) and / or time intervals / locations for receiving the next MSG0 PRDCH. Additionally, this may include settings for frequency resource(s) and / or frequency locations for receiving the next MSG0 PRDCH. Furthermore, this may include the start and end locations of the monitoring time interval for receiving the next MSG0.

[0485] As another example, transmission status and configuration information for the TDRA / FDRA / index of the next MSG1 may be included. This may include time resource(s) settings and / or time intervals / positions for the transmission of the next MSG1 PDRCH. Additionally, this may include frequency resource(s) settings and / or frequency positions for the transmission of the next MSG1 PDRCH. Furthermore, this may include settings for the time / frequency resource(s) and position-specific index values ​​of the next MSG1.

[0486] As another example, information regarding reception status and settings for the TDRA / FDRA / Window of the next MSG2 may be included. This may include settings for time resource(s) and / or time intervals / locations for receiving the next MSG2 PRDCH. Additionally, this may include settings for frequency resource(s) and / or frequency locations for receiving the next MSG2 PRDCH. Furthermore, this may include the start and end locations of the monitoring time interval for receiving the next MSG2.

[0487] The aforementioned time information and frequency information can be set / instructed as offset information based on the time / frequency resource location of MSG1 transmitted by the device or MSG2 received.

[0488] Additionally, a device that has not acquired MSG3 transmission resources from MSG2, has not transmitted SMG3, has failed to transmit MSG3, or has not received a positive acknowledgment for MSG3 (e.g., MSG4 ACK) may be configured to perform the following actions according to the information described above.

[0489] For example, if the device receives a reception instruction and configuration information for the next MSG0 TDRA / FDRA / Window, the device may interrupt the current access procedure (or within the current access procedure) and then attempt to receive the MSG0 again according to the aforementioned configuration. In this case, the next MSG0 transmission and its corresponding time / frequency resources and reception intervals may be one or multiple. If there is no such reception instruction, the device may not receive the transmission in the next MSG0 transmission resource / time interval, may not receive the MSG0 for a certain period of time, may suspend the connection process for a certain period of time, or may resume the access procedure after suspending it for a certain period of time. Alternatively, if there is no such reception instruction, the device may suspend the access procedure.

[0490] As another example, if transmission instructions and configuration information for the next MSG1 TDRA / FDRA / index are received, the device may retransmit MSG1 according to the aforementioned configuration within the current access procedure (or after suspending the current access procedure). In this case, the next MSG1 transmission attempt, time / frequency resources, and transmission interval may be one or multiple. If there is no such transmission instruction, the device may not perform transmission in the next MSG1 transmission resource / time interval, may not transmit MSG1 for a certain period of time, may attempt to receive MSG0 again, suspend the access process for a certain period of time, or suspend the connection process for a certain period of time and then resume. Alternatively, if there is no such transmission instruction, the device may suspend the access procedure.

[0491] As another example, if reception instructions and configuration information for the next MSG2 TDRA / FDRA / Window are received, the device may attempt to receive the MSG2 again according to the aforementioned configuration within the current access procedure (or after suspending the current access procedure). Additionally, the device may attempt to receive the next MSG2 again to receive a response to the MSG1 that has already been transmitted. In this case, the transmission of the next MSG2 and the corresponding time / frequency resources and reception intervals may be one or multiple. If there is no such reception instruction, the device may not receive transmission during the next MSG2 transmission resource / time interval, may not receive MSG2 for a certain period of time, may attempt to receive MSG0 again, may attempt to transmit MSG1 again, may suspend the connection process for a certain period of time, or may resume the access procedure after suspending it for a certain period of time. Alternatively, if there is no such reception instruction, the device may suspend the access procedure.

[0492] 5) Additional Information

[0493] Information regarding access / barring can be additionally included in the R2D control information of MSG2.

[0494] For example, the information may instruct only specific device(s) corresponding to the aforementioned ID to transmit MSG3. Alternatively, the information may instruct only specific device(s) corresponding to the aforementioned ID not to transmit MSG3. Alternatively, the information may instruct only device(s) excluding specific device(s) corresponding to the aforementioned ID to transmit MSG3. Alternatively, the information may instruct only device(s) excluding specific device(s) corresponding to the aforementioned ID not to transmit MSG3.

[0495] At this time, based on the aforementioned instructions, the device(s) unable to transmit MSG3 may transition to a sleep or off state (for a certain period of time or a specific time interval) or perform energy harvesting (EH). Additionally, or alternatively, information (e.g., an indicator) instructing the transition to sleep / off / EH may be included as additional information. A device receiving such information may immediately transition to a sleep / off / EH state or perform EH (whether or not it fails to transmit MSG3 according to such instructions).

[0496] Additionally, in relation to the aforementioned instructions, the device may report contents / information related to the energy state / level via MSG1. Based on this, the reader may transmit the relevant instructions via MSG2, thereby instructing the device to transition to / transition to a sleep / off state or to perform EH. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may report contents / information related to the energy state / level via MSG3. Based on this, the reader may transmit the relevant instructions via MSG4, thereby instructing the device to transition to / transition to a sleep / off state or to perform EH.

[0497] In addition, information regarding the backoff time can be additionally included in the R2D control information of MSG2.

[0498] For example, a time interval during which the device(s) unable to transmit MSG3 according to the aforementioned instructions are unable to transmit MSG3 may be indicated. Alternatively, a start time at which the device(s) can subsequently transmit MSG3 may be indicated. Alternatively, a time at which the device(s) can subsequently receive a subsequent / next MSG0 transmission or MSG2 transmission may be indicated. In this case, the time may be indicated as a relative time difference from the start or end point of the currently received MSG2 PRDCH. Based on such instructions, the device(s) unable to transmit MSG3 may transition to a sleep / off state during the backoff time, or perform EH.

[0499] Additionally, information regarding count up / down may be additionally included in the R2D control information of MSG2. A device according to the proposed method of the present disclosure sets an initial Q value after receiving MSG0 / MSG2, and subsequently can decrease the Q value upon receiving a specific type of MSG0 / MSG2. The device may decide to transmit MSG1 / MSG3 when the decreased Q value is reduced to a specific value.

[0500] At this time, the currently received MSG0 / MSG2 may instruct only specific device(s) corresponding to the instructed ID to decrease the Q value, or instruct only device(s) excluding specific device(s) corresponding to the instructed ID to decrease the Q value. Alternatively, the currently received MSG0 / MSG2 may instruct only specific device(s) corresponding to the instructed ID not to decrease or to increase the Q value, or instruct only device(s) excluding specific device(s) corresponding to the instructed ID not to decrease or to increase the Q value. Alternatively, it may instruct only device(s) that cannot transmit MSG1 / MSG3 according to the above instructions to decrease the Q value, or instruct only device(s) that transmit MSG1 according to the instructions to decrease the Q value. At this time, device(s) that transmit MSG1 / MSG3 according to the instructions may also be prevented from transmitting MSG1 / MSG3 if the Q value is not decreased to a specific value. In this regard, the currently received MSG0 / MSG2 can indicate the value of how much the device(s) that decrease or increase the Q value should decrease or increase.

[0501] In addition to the information described above, necessary connection configuration information and update information regarding other configuration information that was instructed or included in past MSG0 / MSG2 or previous transmissions may be included in the R2D control information of MSG2. A terminal / device receiving this may remove the information configured through the previous MSG0 / MSG2 or previous transmissions and apply it by changing it to the corresponding update information.

[0502] When the R2D control information of MSG2 is composed of the information(s) described above, the L1CI and L2CI of the PRDCH transmitting MSG2 may be configured to distribute the information as in the following embodiments.

[0503] In the embodiments described below, L1CI may indicate the size of L2CI (e.g., L2CI bit size, L2CI transmission duration, L2CI start time, and / or L2CI end time), or L1CI or L2CI may additionally indicate the number of IDs included in L2CI. Alternatively, the end time of L1CI or L2CI may be indicated by including an ID value at the end that indicates a specific ID value. The device may determine the size of L2CI based on the indicated size of L2CI or the number of IDs (e.g., N) or a specific ID value, and may determine the start time, length, and end time of L2CI.

[0504] The specific embodiments described below are distinguished solely for the sake of clarity and convenience of explanation; some embodiments may be applied in combination with other embodiments, and each embodiment may be applied independently.

[0505] Example 2-1

[0506] The L1CI of an R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG2 may contain information regarding an MSG type indicator (e.g., MSG2 indicator) or an ID type indicator (e.g., any number, broadcast indicator).

[0507] Additionally, the L1CI or L2CI of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG2 may include information regarding the size of the L2CI, the number of IDs (e.g., N), or the N+1th ID having a specific value.

[0508] In addition, the L2CI of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG2 may include an ID or a list of IDs, the aforementioned MSG0 / MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information as information per listed ID, and the aforementioned additional information.

[0509] At this time, L2CI can be configured based on a method of arranging ID#1 and its information, followed by ID#2 and its information, and continuing until the last ID#N and its information. That is, based on this method, an L2CI consisting of N IDs and N pieces of information can be finally constructed. Alternatively, the end of the L2CI section can be indicated by adding the N+1th ID at the end, which indicates a specific value. For example, if a device receives the N+1th ID indicating a specific value, the device can determine that the L2CI section has ended through the N+1th ID and that another MAC CE or MAC SDU is to start thereafter.

[0510] With respect to the L1CI and L2CI structures of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for the aforementioned MSG2, the ID-specific information of the L2CI may be transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, or transmitted to PRDCHs that are different from the PRDCH transmitting the L1CI. When the ID-specific information of the L2CI is transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, a midamble may be transmitted between the transmissions of the ID-specific information of the L2CI. For example, a midamble may be included and transmitted between the K-th ID-specific information and the K+1-th ID-specific information of the L2CI.

[0511] Example 2-2

[0512] The L1CI of an R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG2 may contain information regarding an MSG type indicator (e.g., MSG2 indicator) or an ID type indicator (e.g., any number, broadcast indicator). The L1CI may contain information regarding the size of the L2CI, the number of IDs (e.g., N), or the N+1th ID having a specific value, and may contain information regarding an ID or a list of IDs.

[0513] Additionally, the L2CI of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG2 is ID-specific information listed in the L1CI, and may include the aforementioned MSG0 / MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information, the aforementioned additional information, etc. In this case, the additional information may be included by ID, or additional information common to all IDs may be included before or after the ID-specific information. Alternatively, the additional information may be placed after the MSG0 / MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information is placed by ID, or the MSG0 / MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information and the additional information may be placed together by ID.

[0514] At this time, L1CI can be configured by arranging IDs from ID#1 to ID#N, and L2CI can be configured by arranging up to N pieces of information for each ID according to the ID order of L1CI. Alternatively, the end of the L1CI section can be indicated by adding the N+1th ID, which indicates a specific value, at the end following ID#N of L1CI. For example, when a device receives the N+1th ID indicating a specific value, the device can determine that the L1CI section has ended through the N+1th ID and that the L2CI has started.

[0515] With respect to the L1CI and L2CI structures of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for the aforementioned MSG2, the ID-specific information of the L2CI may be transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, or transmitted to PRDCHs that are different from the PRDCH transmitting the L1CI. When the ID-specific information of the L2CI is transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, a midamble may be transmitted between the transmissions of the ID-specific information of the L2CI. For example, a midamble may be included and transmitted between the K-th ID-specific information and the K+1-th ID-specific information of the L2CI.

[0516] Examples 2-3

[0517] The L1CI of an R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG2 may contain information regarding an MSG type indicator (e.g., MSG2 indicator) or an ID type indicator (e.g., any number, broadcast indicator). The L1CI may contain information regarding the size of the L2CI, the number of IDs (e.g., N), or the N+1th ID having a specific value, and may contain information regarding an ID or a list of IDs.

[0518] Additionally, the L1CI may include ID-specific information listed in the L1CI (e.g., some of the aforementioned MSG0 / MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information). For example, the L1CI may include only MSG3 configuration information, or only MSG3 configuration information and some of the MSG4 configuration information (e.g., the start and end positions of the monitoring time interval for MSG4 reception), while the remaining MSG0 / MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information may be included in the L2CI. Alternatively, only the MSG0, MSG2, and MSG4 configuration information corresponding to R2D transmission may be included in the L1CI, and the MSG1 and MSG3 configuration information corresponding to D2R transmission may be included in the L2CI. Alternatively, only the MSG0, MSG2, and MSG4 configuration information corresponding to R2D transmission may be included in L2CI, and the MSG1 and MSG3 configuration information corresponding to D2R transmission may be included in L1CI.

[0519] At this time, L1CI can be configured based on a method of arranging ID#1 and its information, followed by ID#2 and its information, and continuing until the last ID#N and its information. That is, based on this method, L1CI can ultimately be composed of N IDs and N pieces of information related to them. Alternatively, the end of the L1CI section can be indicated by adding the N+1th ID at the end, which indicates a specific value. For example, if a device receives the N+1th ID indicating a specific value, the device can determine that the L1CI section has ended through the N+1th ID and that L2CI begins thereafter.

[0520] With respect to the L1CI structure of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for the aforementioned MSG2, the ID-specific information of the L1CI may be transmitted to the same PRDCH as the information of other L1CIs, or transmitted to a PRDCH that is different from the PRDCH transmitting the information of other L1CIs. If all L1CI information is transmitted to the same PRDCH, a midamble may be transmitted between the transmissions of the ID-specific information of the L1CIs. For example, a midamble may be included and transmitted between the K-th ID-specific information of the L1CI and the K+1-th ID-specific information.

[0521] Additionally, the L2CI of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG2 is ID-specific information listed in the L1CI, and may include the remaining MSG0 / MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information not included in the L1CI, as well as the aforementioned additional information. In this case, the additional information may be included by ID, or additional information common to all IDs may be included before or after the ID-specific information. Alternatively, the additional information may be placed after the remaining MSG0 / MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information not included in the L1CI is placed by ID, or the remaining MSG0 / MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information not included in the L1CI and the additional information may be placed together by ID.

[0522] At this time, L2CI can be configured by arranging up to N pieces of information for each ID according to the ID order of L1CI.

[0523] Regarding the L2CI structure of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for the aforementioned MSG2, the ID-specific information of the L2CI may be transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, or to PRDCHs that are different from the PRDCH transmitting the L1CI. When the ID-specific information of the L2CI is transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, a midamble may be transmitted between the transmissions of the ID-specific information of the L2CI. For example, a midamble may be included and transmitted between the K-th ID-specific information and the K+1-th ID-specific information of the L2CI.

[0524] Examples 2-4

[0525] The L1CI of an R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG2 may contain information regarding an MSG type indicator (e.g., MSG2 indicator) or an ID type indicator (e.g., any number, broadcast indicator). The L1CI may contain information regarding the size of the L2CI, the number of IDs (e.g., N), or the N+1th ID having a specific value, and may contain information regarding an ID or a list of IDs.

[0526] In addition, the L1CI may include ID-specific information listed in the L1CI (e.g., the aforementioned MSG0 / MSG1 / MSG2 / MSG3 / MSG4 configuration information).

[0527] At this time, L1CI can be configured based on a method of arranging ID#1 and its information, followed by ID#2 and its information, and continuing until the last ID#N and its information. That is, based on this method, L1CI can ultimately be composed of N IDs and N pieces of information related to them. Alternatively, the end of the L1CI section can be indicated by adding the N+1th ID at the end, which indicates a specific value. For example, if a device receives the N+1th ID indicating a specific value, the device can determine that the L1CI section has ended through the N+1th ID and that L2CI begins thereafter.

[0528] With respect to the L1CI structure of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for the aforementioned MSG2, the ID-specific information of the L1CI may be transmitted to the same PRDCH as the information of other L1CIs, or transmitted to a PRDCH that is different from the PRDCH transmitting the information of other L1CIs. If all L1CI information is transmitted to the same PRDCH, a midamble may be transmitted between the transmissions of the ID-specific information of the L1CIs. For example, a midamble may be included and transmitted between the K-th ID-specific information of the L1CI and the K+1-th ID-specific information.

[0529] Additionally, the L2CI of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for MSG2 may include the aforementioned additional information as ID-specific information listed in the L1CI. In this case, such additional information may be included by ID, or additional information common to all IDs may be included before or after the ID-specific information. If such additional information is included by ID, the L2CI may be configured by arranging up to N pieces of ID-specific information according to the ID order of the L1CI.

[0530] Regarding the L2CI structure of the R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for the aforementioned MSG2, the ID-specific information of the L2CI may be transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, or to PRDCHs that are different from the PRDCH transmitting the L1CI. When the ID-specific information of the L2CI is transmitted to the same PRDCH as the L1CI, a midamble may be transmitted between the transmissions of the ID-specific information of the L2CI. For example, a midamble may be included and transmitted between the K-th ID-specific information and the K+1-th ID-specific information of the L2CI.

[0531] In relation to the above-described embodiments, when ID-specific information of L1CI and / or L2CI is transmitted to different PRDCHs, transmission between PRDCHs may be transmitted immediately afterward, or different PRDCHs may be transmitted consecutively by setting a certain gap between PRDCHs.

[0532] Additionally, in relation to the aforementioned embodiments, if the ID of L1CI includes an index / information related to MSG1 time / frequency resources, an additional ID may be included in L2CI for each ID. In this case, the additional ID of L2CI may include an ID that was included in MSG1 (e.g., any number or device ID). However, if the ID of L1CI includes an ID that was included in MSG1 (e.g., any number or device ID), it is not necessary to include an additional ID for each ID in L2CI. For example, if the ID of L1CI includes an ID that was included in MSG1, the index / information related to MSG1 time / frequency resources may not be included as an additional ID for each ID in L2CI.

[0533] If the L1CI of the MSG2 proposed in this disclosure includes an ID corresponding to a specific device (e.g., an ID transmitted to MSG1 and / or an index / information related to the MSG1 time / frequency resource), the receiving device may be configured / defined to receive only the ID-specific transmission segment of the ID corresponding to itself. In this case, the device may skip and not receive the ID-specific information transmission segment(s) that do not correspond to itself. Additionally, the device may charge / harvest energy, receive other PRDCHs, or switch / transition to an inactive / off / sleep / suspended state. If the device has already obtained the ID-specific information of the ID corresponding to itself, the device may stop receiving the MSG2 and subsequently charge / harvest energy, receive other PRDCHs, receive the next MSG2, transmit MSG3, or switch / transition to an inactive / off / sleep / suspended state. For example, if a device confirms that an ID corresponding to it exists or is included in MSG2, but has already obtained or possesses information related to that ID, the device may stop receiving MSG2 and subsequently charge / harvest energy, receive another PRDCH, receive the next MSG2, transmit MSG3, or switch / transition to an inactive / off / sleep / suspended state.

[0534] FIGS. 23 and 24 illustrate the operation of a device and a network node in relation to the L1CI and L2CI definitions / configurations of an R2D transmission (e.g., PRDCH) for the MSG2 of the present disclosure described above.

[0535] In FIGS. 23 and 24, the first device and / or the second device may correspond to any one of a base station, an intermediate node (IN), an auxiliary node (AN), a terminal, or an AmIoT device, respectively, based on various topologies in AmIoT communication. For example, in FIGS. 23 and 24, based on topology 1 / 2, the first device may correspond to an AmIoT device, and the second device may correspond to a leader (e.g., a base station, an intermediate node (IN), an auxiliary node (AN), or a terminal).

[0536] FIG. 23 illustrates the operation of a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0537] Referring to FIG. 23, the first device can transmit a first message containing first information related to a random ID to the second device (S2310).

[0538] In response to the first message, the first device may receive a second message from the second device containing second information related to a list of IDs set with one or more IDs (S2320).

[0539] For example, the first message corresponds to message 1 (message 1, MSG1) in the random access procedure, and the second message corresponds to message 2 (message 2, MSG2) in the random access procedure.

[0540] Based on the operations described above, if the first information related to the corresponding random ID is included in the second information related to the corresponding ID list, the first device may transmit a third message (e.g., MSG3) to the second device based on this (S2330).

[0541] In this regard, the second message may be defined to further include third information related to frequency resources associated with IDs included in the ID list, based on certain conditions. For example, the third information may be indicated based on a value related to a frequency shift.

[0542] According to the present disclosure, a first device may be configured / defined to transmit a third message based on verification of whether a random ID transmitted through the first message is included in the ID list in the second message and information related to a frequency resource associated with said random ID. For example, if the third information is included in the second message, the information related to a frequency resource associated with the random ID of the first message within said second message may be related to the transmission of said first message. That is, the information related to a frequency resource associated with said random ID may be information related to a frequency resource used in the transmission of said first message.

[0543] Additionally, according to the present disclosure, if third information is included in the second message, each ID in the ID list may be set to form a pair with information related to the frequency resource associated with the ID.

[0544] Additionally, according to the present disclosure, the first device may receive a paging message (e.g., MSG0 set to a paging type) that sets time-frequency resources associated with the transmission of the first message.

[0545] Additionally, according to the present disclosure, the second message of step S2320 includes fourth information related to a message type, and said fourth information may be set to indicate message 2 (message 2, MSG2) in a random access procedure.

[0546] Additionally, according to the present disclosure, the transmission of the first message may be initiated based on a countdown operation by N messages (e.g., N MSG0s) transmitted by the second device. Here, information related to the countdown operation may be included in the first message among the N messages.

[0547] Additionally, according to the present disclosure, the second message of step S2320 may further include fifth information regarding the connection or blocking of one or more devices based on the aforementioned ID list. In this regard, the second message may further include information regarding a backoff time or counter operation related to the subsequent message transmission and reception of the device being blocked based on the fifth information.

[0548] Additionally, according to the present disclosure, the second message of step S2320 may further include information regarding the time interval between the second message and the third message.

[0549] In the above-described procedure, the first message of step S2310 and the third message of step S2330 are based on a D2R (device to reader) transmission method, and the second message of step S2320 may be based on an R2D (reader to device) transmission method.

[0550] Although not explicitly stated in the description of FIG. 23, the control information included in the second message and the operation based thereon may be based on one or more of the description and embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0551] The method described in the example of FIG. 23 can be performed by the wireless device (200) of FIG. 3. That is, the first device of FIG. 23 can be implemented as the wireless device (200). For example, one or more processors (202) of the wireless device (200) of FIG. 3 can be configured to transmit a first message containing first information related to a random ID, receive a second message containing second information related to an ID list set to one or more IDs, and transmit a third message based on a comparison between the first information (and / or information related to frequency resources for the transmission of the first message) and the second information.

[0552] Furthermore, one or more memories (204) of the wireless device (200) may store instructions for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 23 or the examples described above when executed by one or more processors (202).

[0553] FIG. 24 illustrates the operation of a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0554] Referring to FIG. 24, the second device can receive a first message from the first device containing first information related to a random ID (S2410).

[0555] In response to the first message, the second device may send a second message to the first device containing second information related to a list of IDs set with one or more IDs (S2420).

[0556] For example, the first message corresponds to message 1 (message 1, MSG1) in the random access procedure, and the second message corresponds to message 2 (message 2, MSG2) in the random access procedure.

[0557] Based on the operations described above, if the first information related to the corresponding random ID is included in the second information related to the corresponding ID list, the second device can receive a third message (e.g., MSG3) from the first device based on this (S2430).

[0558] In this regard, the second message may be defined to further include third information related to frequency resources associated with IDs included in the ID list, based on certain conditions. For example, the third information may be indicated based on a value related to a frequency shift. According to the present disclosure, the first device may be configured / defined to transmit the third message based on confirmation of whether the random ID transmitted through the first message is included in the ID list and information related to frequency resources associated with said random ID.

[0559] In the example of FIG. 24, the specific features regarding the information included in the second message, the paging message related to the transmission of the first message, the countdown operation related to the transmission of the first message, and the method for transmitting each message (e.g., D2R transmission method / R2D transmission method, etc.) are the same as those described with reference to FIG. 23, so redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0560] The method described in the example of FIG. 24 can be performed by the wireless device (200) of FIG. 3. That is, the network node of FIG. 24 can be implemented as the wireless device (200). For example, one or more processors (202) of the wireless device (200) of FIG. 3 may be configured to receive a first message containing first information related to a random ID, transmit a second message containing second information related to a list of IDs set to one or more IDs, and receive a third message based on a comparison between the first information (and / or information related to frequency resources for the transmission of the first message) and the second information.

[0561] Furthermore, one or more memories (204) of the wireless device (200) may store instructions for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 24 or the examples described above when executed by one or more processors (202).

[0562] FIGS. 25 through 27 relate to types and configurations of AmIoT devices to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied. Each of the devices 1, 2a, and 2b of FIGS. 25 through 27 may correspond to each of the device types 1, 2, and 3 described above in the present disclosure.

[0563] Device 1 may be collectively referred to as a device having a peak power consumption of 1 μW or less, capable of storing energy, having an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10X ppm, and having no DL or UL amplification function. The UL transmission of Device 1 may be backscattered from an externally provided carrier wave.

[0564] Device 2a has a peak power consumption of less than several hundred μW, can store energy, has an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10X ppm, and can have DL and / or UL amplification capabilities. The UL transmission of device 2a can be backscattered from an externally provided carrier wave.

[0565] Device 2b has a peak power consumption of less than several hundred μW, can store energy, has an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10X ppm, and can have DL and / or UL amplification capabilities. The device's UL transmission can be generated internally within the device.

[0566] FIG. 25 relates to the configuration of device 1 to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied. As an example of the present disclosure, as illustrated in FIG. 25, device 1 may include at least one of an antenna, a matching network, an RF energy harvester, an energy storage, a power management unit, digital BB logic, a memory, a clock generator, a receiving block, and a transmitting block.

[0567] The antenna may be shared or separated for the RF energy harvester and the receiver / transmitter. A matching network may match the impedance between the antenna and other components (e.g., including blocks related to the RF energy harvester and receiver). The RF energy harvester may include a rectifier that converts the RF signal (AC) into DC.

[0568] An energy storage unit (e.g., a capacitor) can store energy harvested from an RF energy harvester. A power management unit (PMU) can store energy from the energy harvester into the energy storage unit and supply power to active component blocks that require power supply.

[0569] Digital BB logic may include functional blocks such as encoders, decoders, and controllers. Memory may include 1) non-volatile memory (NVM), such as EEPROM, for permanently storing device IDs, etc., and 2) registers for temporarily storing information necessary for operation only while energy is available in the energy storage. A clock generator may provide the necessary clock signal.

[0570] The receiving block may include an RF BPF, an RF envelope detector, a baseband LPF, and a comparator. An RF BPF may be used to improve selectivity; however, the RF BPF may not be present depending on the implementation. RAN4 RF requirements (if present, e.g., ACS) and peak power consumption targets may be considered. An RF envelope detector may convert the RF signal to baseband. A baseband LPF may improve the quality of the input signal to the comparator by filtering out harmonics and high-frequency components; however, the baseband LPF may not be present depending on the implementation. The comparator may determine the high / low of the input signal.

[0571] The transmission-related block may include a backscatter modulator. The backscatter modulator can switch the impedance to modulate the backscatter signal with the transmission signal of the BB logic. The waveform / modulation type is FFS.

[0572] FIG. 26 relates to the configuration of device 2a to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied. As an example of the present disclosure, as illustrated in FIG. 26, device 2a may include at least one of an antenna, a matching network, an energy harvester, an energy storage unit, a power management unit, digital BB logic, a memory, a clock generator, a reflection amplifier, a receiving block, and a transmitting block.

[0573] A reflection amplifier can amplify the reflected backscattering signal. At least one of R2D / CW2D and D2R can be amplified by a reflection amplifier or an LNA.

[0574] The receiving block may include at least one of an RF band-pass filter (BPF), a low noise amplifier (LNA), an RF envelope detector, a BB amplifier, a BB low-pass filter (LPF), a comparator, or an N-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

[0575] An LNA can be used to improve the signal strength and sensitivity of the receiver, and at least one of R2D / CW2D and D2R can be amplified by a reflection amplifier or an LNA. An RF envelope detector (RF-ED) can detect the envelope in the RF signal. A BB amplifier can improve signal strength by amplifying the BB signal. A BB LPF can improve the input signal quality to the comparator / ADC by filtering harmonics and high-frequency components.

[0576] The transmission-related block may include a backscatter modulator and a large frequency shifter. The backscatter modulator can modulate the backscatter signal into the transmission signal of the BB logic by switching the impedance. A large frequency shifter may be used to shift the backscatter signal from one frequency (e.g., FDD-DL frequency) to another frequency (e.g., FDD-UL frequency).

[0577] Since the overlapping configuration between device 2a and device 1 has been described in FIG. 25, the overlapping description is omitted.

[0578] FIG. 27 relates to the configuration of device 2b to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied. As an example of the present disclosure, as illustrated in FIG. 27, device 2b may include at least one of an antenna, a matching network, an energy harvester, an energy storage unit, a power management unit, digital BB logic, a memory, a clock generator, a receiving block, and a transmitting block. Here, the energy harvester may harvest energy from RF signals, the sun, vibrations / movements, temperature differences, etc.

[0579] The receiving block may include an RF BPF, an LNA, an RF envelope detector, a BB amplifier, a BB LPF, a comparator, and an N-bit ADC. The transmitting block may include at least one of a transmitting modulator, a DAC, a low-pass filter, a mixer, a local oscillator, and a power amplifier.

[0580] Baseband bits can be modulated by a modulator depending on the modulation scheme. Baseband blocks can be part of BB logic. A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) can convert a digital signal into an analog signal. A low-pass filter can filter out unwanted signals. A mixer can convert a baseband signal to the RF range. A local oscillator can generate a carrier frequency. A power amplifier (PA) can amplify the transmitted signal.

[0581] In describing the present disclosure, each of the configurations in FIGS. 25 to 27 may be included in at least one transceiver illustrated in FIG. 3.

[0582] The embodiments described above of the present disclosure may be applied independently. Additionally or alternatively, all or part of each operation of the embodiments described above of the present disclosure may be performed in combination.

[0583] Although the method proposed in this disclosure has been described with an example applied to 3GPP LTE / LTE-A, 5G, and 6G systems, it is possible to apply it to various wireless communication systems in addition to 3GPP LTE / LTE-A, 5G, and 6G systems.

Claims

1. A step of transmitting a first message containing first information related to a random identifier (ID) to a second device by a first device; A step of receiving from the second device a second message containing second information related to a list of IDs set with one or more IDs by the first device; Based on the fact that the first information related to the random ID is included in the second information related to the ID list, the method includes the step of transmitting a third message to the second device by the first device. A method in which the second message is defined to further include third information related to a frequency resource associated with an ID included in the ID list based on certain conditions.

2. In Paragraph 1, A method in which, based on the third information being included in the second message, information related to a frequency resource associated with the random ID within the second message is related to the transmission of the first message.

3. In Paragraph 1, Based on the fact that the above third information is included in the above second message, A method in which each ID in the above ID list is set to form a pair with information related to the frequency resource associated with the ID.

4. In Paragraph 1, The above third information is a method indicated based on a value related to frequency shift.

5. In Paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of receiving a paging message that sets time-frequency resources associated with the transmission of the first message.

6. In Paragraph 1, The above second message includes fourth information related to the message type, and A method in which the above-mentioned fourth information is set to indicate message 2 (message 2, MSG2) in a random access procedure.

7. In Paragraph 1, The transmission of the first message is initiated based on a countdown operation by N messages transmitted by the second device, and A method in which information related to the above countdown operation is included in the first message among the above N messages.

8. In Paragraph 1, The above first message corresponds to message 1 (message 1, MSG1) in the random access procedure, and The above second message is a method corresponding to message 2 (message 2, MSG2) in the above random access procedure.

9. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the second message further includes fifth information regarding the connection or blocking of one or more devices based on the ID list.

10. In Paragraph 9, A method in which the second message further includes information regarding a backoff time or counter operation related to the transmission and reception of a subsequent message of a device blocked based on the fifth information.

11. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the second message further includes information about the time interval between the second message and the third message.

12. In Paragraph 1, The first message and the third message are based on a D2R (device to reader) transmission method, and The above second message is a method based on the R2D (reader to device) transmission method.

13. In Paragraph 1, The first device above corresponds to a device in ambient Internet of Things communication, and The above-mentioned second device corresponds to a reader in ambient IoT communication, and is a method corresponding to a reader that is a base station or an intermediate node.

14. One or more transceivers; and It includes one or more processors connected to the above one or more transmitters and receivers, and The above one or more processors are: A first device transmits a first message containing first information related to a random identifier (ID) to a second device; The first device receives a second message from the second device that includes second information related to a list of IDs set with one or more IDs; Based on the fact that the first information related to the above random ID is included in the second information related to the above ID list, the first device is configured to transmit a third message to the second device, and A device in which the second message is defined to further include third information related to a frequency resource associated with an ID included in the ID list, based on certain conditions.

15. A step of receiving a first message from a first device, comprising first information related to a random identifier (ID), by a second device; A step of transmitting to the first device a second message containing second information related to a list of IDs set with one or more IDs by the second device; Based on the fact that the first information related to the random ID is included in the second information related to the ID list, the method includes the step of receiving a third message from the first device by the second device, and A method in which the second message is defined to further include third information related to a frequency resource associated with an ID included in the ID list based on certain conditions.

16. One or more transceivers; and It includes one or more processors connected to the above one or more transmitters and receivers, and The above one or more processors are: A second device receives a first message from a first device containing first information related to a random identifier (ID); By the second device, a second message including second information related to a list of IDs set with one or more IDs is transmitted to the first device; Based on the fact that the first information related to the above random ID is included in the second information related to the above ID list, the second device is configured to receive a third message from the first device, and A device in which the second message is defined to further include third information related to a frequency resource associated with an ID included in the ID list, based on certain conditions.

17. One or more processors; and A processing device comprising one or more computer memories that are operably connected to one or more processors and store instructions for performing a method according to any one of claims 1 to 13 based on execution by one or more processors.

18. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions that are executed by one or more processors to control the execution of a method according to any one of claims 1 through 13.

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