MRO in LTM cell switch procedure
By exchanging information on beam failure recovery and timing advance during LTM cell switch procedures, network nodes optimize mobility robustness in inter-CU and inter-gNB scenarios, addressing beam and timing advance issues for improved wireless communication performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LENOVO (BEIJING) LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in optimizing mobility robustness during layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedures, particularly in inter-CU and inter-gNB scenarios, where beam failure recovery and timing advance issues lead to suboptimal performance.
Network nodes exchange information related to beam failure recovery, reconnection, re-establishment, and timing advance values during LTM cell switch procedures, enabling improved mobility robustness optimization through enhanced communication and failure detection mechanisms.
Enhances the reliability and efficiency of LTM cell switch procedures by identifying and correcting beam selection and timing advance errors, thereby improving network performance and user equipment mobility.
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Figure CN2025103612_21052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MRO IN LTM CELL SWITCH PROCEDURETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to network nodes, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable medium for mobility robustness optimisation (MRO) in a layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedure.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Inter-CU LTM mechanism and layer 3 (L3) based intra-CU LTM mechanism have been specified, and it is likely the MRO analysis and optimization at network side will be supported in the future. In this event, details about the MRO mechanism at network side for inter-CU LTM and L3 based intra-CU LTM should be studied.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to network nodes, methods, apparatuses, processors, and computer readable medium for MRO in an LTM cell switch procedure.
[0005] In some implementations, there is provided a first network node. The first network node comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first network node to: receive, from a second network node, information associated with an LTM cell switch procedure, wherein the information comprises at least one of: first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery, or third information about a timing advance (TA) value used at a successful random access channel (RACH) -based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery; and perform an operation associated with the information.
[0006] In some implementations, there is provided a second network node. The second network node comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second network node to: determine information associated with an LTM cell switch procedure; and transmit, to a first network node, the information, wherein the information comprises at least one of: first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery, or third information about a TA value used at a successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery.
[0007] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the first network node. The method comprises: receiving, from a second network node, information associated with an LTM cell switch procedure, wherein the information comprises at least one of: first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery, or third information about a TA value used at a successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery; and performing an operation associated with the information.
[0008] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the second network node. The method comprises: determining information associated with an LTM cell switch procedure; and transmitting, to a first network node, the information, wherein the information comprises at least one of: first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery, or third information about a TA value used at a successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery.
[0009] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a second network node, information associated with an LTM cell switch procedure, wherein the information comprises at least one of: first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery, or third information about a TA value used at a successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery; and perform an operation associated with the information.
[0010] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: determine information associated with an LTM cell switch procedure; and transmit, to a first network node, the information, wherein the information comprises at least one of: first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery, or third information about a TA value used at a successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery.
[0011] In some implementations of the methods, the first network node, or the second network node described herein, the LTM cell switch procedure is an inter-CU LTM cell switch procedure or an inter-gNB LTM cell switch procedure.
[0012] In some implementations of the methods, the first network node, or the second network node described herein, the first network node is a source CU and the second network node is a target CU, or the first network node is a source base station and the second network node is a target base station.
[0013] In some implementations of the methods, the first network node, or the second network node described herein, the information further comprises at least one of: a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node user equipment (UE) Xn application protocol (XnAP) identifier (ID) allocated at the first network node, a NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the second network node, or a source cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) .
[0014] In some implementations of the methods, the first network node, or the second network node described herein, the information is carried in at least one of: an Xn message, an access and mobility indication message, or a UE context release message.
[0015] In some implementations of the methods, the first network node, or the second network node described herein, the first network node is a target CU and the second network node is a target DU, or the first network node is a source DU and the second network node is a source CU.
[0016] In some implementations of the methods, the first network node, or the second network node described herein, the LTM cell switch procedure is an L3 based intra-CU LTM cell switch procedure or an L3 based inter-CU LTM cell switch procedure.
[0017] In some implementations of the methods and the first network node described herein, further comprising: transmitting, to a source CU, the information, where the first network node is a target CU and the second network node is a target DU in an L3 based inter-CU LTM procedure.
[0018] In some implementations of the methods and the first network node described herein, further comprising: transmitting, to a source DU, the information, where the first network node is a source CU and the second network node is a target CU in an L3 based inter-CU LTM procedure, or the first network node is a CU and the second network node is a target DU in an L3 based intra-CU LTM procedure.
[0019] In some implementations of the methods and the first network node described herein, the information further comprises an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong beam selection, where the first network node is a source CU and the second network node is a target CU in an L3 based inter-CU LTM procedure, or the first network node is a CU and the second network node is a target DU in an L3 based intra-CU LTM procedure.
[0020] In some implementations of the methods and the first network node described herein, the information further comprises an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong mobility assistance information, or an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong mobility triggering indication information; where the first network node is a source CU and the second network node is a target CU in an L3 based inter-CU LTM procedure, or the first network node is a CU and the second network node is a target DU in an L3 based intra-CU LTM procedure.
[0021] In some implementations of the methods and the first network node described herein, further comprising: transmitting, to the second network node, at least one of: mobility assistance information, or mobility triggering indication information.
[0022] In some implementations of the methods and the first network node described herein, further comprising: in accordance with a determination that the first beam or the second beam is comprised in mobility assistance information, determining that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong beam selection; where the first network node is a source CU and the second network node is a target CU in an L3 based inter-CU LTM procedure, or the first network node is a CU and the second network node is a target DU in an L3 based intra-CU LTM procedure.
[0023] In some implementations of the methods and the first network node described herein, further comprising: in accordance with a determination that the first beam or the second beam is not comprised in mobility assistance information, determining that the mobility assistance information is wrongly selected; or in accordance with a determination that the first beam or the second beam is different from that comprised in mobility triggering indication information, determining that the mobility triggering indication information is wrongly selected; where the first network node is a source CU and the second network node is a target CU in an L3 based inter-CU LTM procedure, or the first network node is a CU and the second network node is a target DU in an L3 based intra-CU LTM procedure.
[0024] In some implementations of the methods and the first network node described herein, further comprising: transmitting, to a source DU, at least one of: mobility assistance information, or mobility triggering indication information.
[0025] In some implementations of the methods and the first network node described herein, the information further comprises an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong beam selection, where the first network node is a source DU, and the second network node is a source CU in an L3 based inter-CU LTM procedure or is a CU in an L3 based intra-CU LTM procedure.
[0026] In some implementations of the methods and the first network node described herein, further comprising: in accordance with a determination that the first beam or the second beam is comprised in the mobility assistance information, determining that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong beam selection; where the first network node is a source DU, and the second network node is a source CU in an L3 based inter-CU LTM procedure or is a CU in an L3 based intra-CU LTM procedure.
[0027] In some implementations of the methods and the first network node described herein, further comprising: in accordance with a determination that the first beam or the second beam is not comprised in the mobility assistance information, determining that the mobility assistance information is wrongly selected; and transmitting, to the second network node, an indication indicating that the mobility assistance information is wrongly selected; where the first network node is a source DU, and the second network node is a source CU in an L3 based inter-CU LTM procedure or is a CU in an L3 based intra-CU LTM procedure.
[0028] In some implementations of the methods and the first network node described herein, further comprising: in accordance with a determination that the first beam or the second beam different from that comprised in mobility triggering indication information, determining that the mobility triggering indication information is wrongly selected; and transmitting, to the second network node, an indication indicating that the mobility triggering indication information is wrongly selected; where the first network node is a source DU, and the second network node is a source CU in an L3 based inter-CU LTM procedure or is a CU in an L3 based intra-CU LTM procedure.
[0029] In some implementations of the methods and the first network node described herein, further comprising: receiving, from the second network node, at least one of: mobility assistance information, or mobility triggering indication information; where the first network node is a source DU, and the second network node is a source CU in an L3 based inter-CU LTM procedure or is a CU in an L3 based intra-CU LTM procedure.
[0030] In some implementations of the methods and the first network node described herein, the operation associated with the information comprises: forwarding the information to a third network node; or performing mobility robustness optimization based on the information.
[0031] In some implementations of the methods and the second network node described herein, the second network node is a target DU, and the first network node is a target CU in an L3 based inter-CU LTM procedure or a CU in an L3 based intra-CU LTM procedure.
[0032] In some implementations of the methods and the second network node described herein, further comprising: receiving, from the first network node, at least one of: mobility assistance information, or mobility triggering indication information.
[0033] In some implementations of the methods and the second network node described herein, further comprising: in accordance with a determination that the first beam or the second beam is comprised in the mobility assistance information, determining that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong beam selection, where the information further comprises: an indication indicating that the failure is due to wrong beam selection.
[0034] In some implementations of the methods and the second network node described herein, further comprising: in accordance with a determination that the first beam or the second beam is not comprised in the mobility assistance information, determining that the mobility assistance information is wrongly selected, and where the information further comprises: an indication indicating that the mobility assistance information is wrongly selected.
[0035] In some implementations of the methods and the second network node described herein, further comprising: in accordance with a determination that the first beam or the second beam is different from that comprised in the mobility triggering indication information, determining that the mobility triggering indication information is wrongly selected, and where the information further comprises: an indication indicating that the mobility triggering indication information is wrongly selected.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0037] FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0038] FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic diagram of another example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0039] FIG. 3 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a communication process in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0040] FIG. 4 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a communication process of MRO for inter-CU LTM in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0041] FIG. 5 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a communication process of MRO for inter-gNB LTM in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0042] FIGS. 6A-6C illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a communication process of MRO for L3 based intra-CU LTM in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0043] FIGS. 7A-7C illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a communication process of MRO for L3 based inter-CU LTM in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0044] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0045] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a processor that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0046] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a first network node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0047] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a second network node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0048] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0049] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below. In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0050] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0051] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms. In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatuses are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0052] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a, ” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises, ” “comprising, ” “has, ” “having, ” “includes” and / or “including, ” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, components and / or the like, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. For example, the term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The use of an expression such as “A and / or B” can mean either “only A” or “only B” or “both A and B. ” Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0053] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network (CN) 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as a long term evolution (LTE) network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as a new radio (NR) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0054] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0055] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, message, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0056] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0057] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the CN 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0058] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink (SL) . For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0059] A network entity 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0060] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0061] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0062] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0063] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0064] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-C, F1-U) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0065] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the CN 106.
[0066] The CN 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via a network entity 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106) .
[0067] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0068] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix (CP) . A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0069] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0070] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0071] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0072] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0073] LTM is a procedure in which a gNB receives layer 1 (L1) or layer 3 (L3) measurement report (s) from a UE, and on their basis the gNB may change UE serving cell by a cell switch command signalled via a media access control control element (MAC CE) . The cell switch command indicates an LTM candidate configuration that the gNB previously prepared and provided to the UE through radio resource control (RRC) signalling. Then the UE switches to the target configuration according to the cell switch command.
[0074] When configured by the network, it is possible to activate transmission configuration indication (TCI) states of one or multiple cells that are different from the current serving cell. For instance, the TCI states of the LTM candidate cells can be activated in advance before any of those cells become the serving cell. This allows the UE to be downlink (DL) synchronized with those cells, thereby facilitating a faster cell switch to one of those cells when cell switch is triggered. All the activated TCI states except those received in the cell switch command are deactivated upon LTM cell switch execution.
[0075] When configured by the network, it is possible to initiate uplink (UL) TA acquisition (called early TA) procedure of one or multiple cells that are different from the current serving cells. If the cell has the same NTA as the current serving cells or NTA=0, early TA acquisition procedure is not required. The network may request the UE to perform early TA acquisition of a candidate cell before a cell switch. The early TA acquisition procedure is triggered by physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order or realized through UE-based TA measurement as configured by RRC. In the former case, the gNB / gNB-DU (distributed unit of gNodeB) to which the candidate cell belongs calculates the TA value and sends it to the gNB / gNB-DU to which the serving cell belongs via gNB-CU (centralized unit of gNB) . The serving cell sends the TA value in the LTM cell switch command MAC CE when triggering LTM cell switch. In the latter case, the UE performs TA measurement for the candidate cells after being configured by RRC but the exact time the UE performs TA measurement is up to UE implementation. The UE applies the TA value measured by itself and performs RACH-less LTM upon receiving the cell switch command, if it does not include any valid TA value. The network may also send a TA value in the LTM cell switch command MAC CE without early TA acquisition.
[0076] When two timing advance group (TAG) identities (IDs) are configured for an LTM candidate cell, the gNB-DU to which the LTM candidate cell belongs assigns the same TAG ID pointer value for each transmission reception point (TRP) to be used by the UEs.
[0077] Depending on the availability of a valid TA value, the UE performs either a RACH-less LTM or RACH-based LTM cell switch. If the valid TA value is provided in the cell switch command, the UE applies the TA value as instructed by the network. In the case where UE-based TA measurement is configured, but no valid TA value is provided in the cell switch command, the UE applies the valid TA value by itself if available. The UE performs RACH-less LTM cell switch upon receiving the cell switch command whenever a valid TA value is available. If no valid TA value is available, the UE performs RACH-based LTM cell switch.
[0078] Regardless of whether the UE is configured for UE-based TA measurement for a certain candidate cell, it will still follow the PDCCH order, which includes performing a random access procedure towards one or more candidate cells. This also applies to the candidate cells for which the UE is capable of deriving TA values by itself. Additionally, regardless of whether the UE has already performed a random access procedure towards the candidate cells, it will still follow the UE-based measurement configuration if configured by the network.
[0079] For RACH-less LTM, the UE accesses the target cell using either a configured grant or a dynamic grant. The configured grant is provided in the LTM candidate configuration, and the UE selects the configured grant occasion associated with the beam indicated in the cell switch command. Upon initiation of LTM cell switch to the target cell, the UE starts to monitor PDCCH on the target cell for dynamic scheduling. Before RACH-less LTM procedure completion, the UE shall not trigger random access procedure if it does not have a valid PUCCH resource for triggered scheduling requests (SRs) .
[0080] If handover failure (HOF) or LTM cell switch execution failure or radio link failure (RLF) happens during or after LTM cell switch, the UE may perform LTM failure recovery or RRC re-establishment procedure.
[0081] LTM supports both intra-gNB-DU and inter-gNB-DU mobility within the same or different gNB-CU. LTM supports both intra-frequency and inter-frequency mobility, including mobility to inter-frequency cell that is not a current serving cell. LTM is supported only for licensed spectrum. Some scenarios are supported, such as Primary cell (PCell) change in non-CA scenario and non-DC scenario; PCell and SCell (s) change in CA scenario; and Dual connectivity scenario including PCell change together with master cell group (MCG) SCells (s) change and intra-SN PSCell change, and PSCell change together with secondary cell group (SCG) SCell (s) change with or without MN involvement.
[0082] While the UE has stored LTM candidate configurations the UE can also execute any L3 handover except for dual active protocol stack (DAPS) handover. In the RRC message which the UE applies for any L3 handover (except DAPS) , LTM candidate configurations can be added / modified / released by the target cell.
[0083] MRO for LTM cell switch procedure is being discussed and some issues are still needed be discussed. Issue 1: Inter-CU or inter-gNB LTM mechanism is specified in R19, MRO analysis and optimisation for inter-CU or inter-gNB LTM would be supported in R20, e.g. considering the case of beam failure recovery (BFR) shortly after successful inter-CU or inter-gNB LTM cell switch to wrong beam, inter-CU or inter-gNB LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam, or, inter-CU or inter-gNB LTM failure due to outdated TA. However, the MRO mechanism at network side for inter-CU or inter-gNB LTM should be studied. Issue 2: L3 based intra-CU LTM mechanism is specified in R18 TEI, MRO analysis and optimisation at network side for L3 based intra-CU may be supported in R20, e.g. considering the case of BFR shortly after successful L3 based intra-CU LTM cell switch to wrong beam, or L3 based intra-CU LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam. However, the MRO mechanism at network side for L3 based LTM should be studied.
[0084] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for MRO in an LTM cell switch procedure. In the solution, a first network node may receive information associated with the LTM cell switch procedure and then perform an operation associated with the information. The information associated with the LTM cell switch procedure comprises at least one of: first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery, or third information about a TA value used at a successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery. As such, the information associated with the LTM cell switch procedure may be received and accordingly the MRO can be performed. Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0085] FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 210 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 2A, the communication network 210 may include network nodes 211-215, and a UE 250. As illustrated, the UE 250 is served by the source DU 211, and the source DU 211 is managed by / controlled by / connected with the CU 212.
[0086] A scenario of LTM includes an intra-CU inter-DU mobility, where the UE 250 may be switched from a cell of the source DU 211 to a cell of the target DU 215, and the source DU 211 and the target DU 215 belong to a same CU 212.
[0087] A scenario of LTM includes an inter-CU mobility, where the UE 250 may be switched from a cell of the source DU 211 of a source CU 212 to a cell of the target DU 214 of a target CU 213.
[0088] FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic diagram of another example communication network 220 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 2B, the communication network 220 may include network nodes 221-222, and a UE 250. As illustrated, the UE 250 is served by the source gNB 221.
[0089] A scenario of LTM includes an inter-gNB mobility, where the UE 250 may be switched from a cell of the source gNB 221 to a cell of the target gNB 222.
[0090] It is to be understood that the numbers of devices and their connection relationships and types shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The environment may include any suitable numbers of devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, a network node may provide one or multiple serving cells.
[0091] In the present disclosure, a term “beam” is discussed in some examples, which may be equivalent to or be replaced by or be interchangeable with one of: a beam ID, a synchronization signal block (SSB) index, an SSB ID, a TCI state, or a TCI state ID, and the present disclosure does not limit for this aspect. For example, a failure due to a wrong beam may also refer to a failure due to a wrong TCI state, a failure due to wrong beam selection may also refer to a failure due to wrong TCI state selection.
[0092] FIG. 3 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a communication process 300 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 300 may involve a first network node 301 and a second network node 302.
[0093] In the process 300, the second network node 302 transmits, and the first network node 301 receives, information associated with an LTM cell switch procedure at 320.
[0094] In some examples, the information associated with the LTM cell switch procedure may include first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery. For ease of description, the case with the first information may be referred to as case 1 below.
[0095] In some examples, the information associated with the LTM cell switch procedure may include second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery. For ease of description, the case with the second information may be referred to as case 2 below.
[0096] In some examples, the information associated with the LTM cell switch procedure may include third information about a TA value used at a successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery. For ease of description, the case with the third information may be referred to as case 3 below.
[0097] In addition or alternatively, if the second network node 302 is a target DU or a target gNB, the second network node 302 may determine the information associated with the LTM cell switch procedure at 310. For example, the second network node 302 identifies case 1, case 2, or case 3.
[0098] In the process 300, the first network node 301 further performs an operation associated with the information at 330.
[0099] In some examples, the first network node 301 may forward the information to a third network node. With reference to FIG. 2A, the first network node 301 may be the target CU 213 and the third network node may be the source CU 212; or the first network node 301 may be the CU 212 and the third network node may be the source DU 211. For another example, the third network node is different from the first network node 301 or the second network node 302.
[0100] In some examples, the first network node 301 may perform mobility robustness optimization based on the information. With reference to FIG. 2A, the first network node 301 may be the source DU 211 or the CU 212. With reference to FIG. 2B, the first network node 301 may be the source gNB 221.
[0101] In some implementations, the process 300 may be applied for an inter-CU LTM cell switch procedure. With reference to FIG. 2A, the first network node 301 may be the target CU 213 and the second network node 302 may be the target DU 214; or the first network node 301 may be the source CU 212 and the second network node 302 may be the target CU 213; or the first network node 301 may be the source DU 211 and the second network node 302 may be the source CU 212.
[0102] The following cases 1-3 are discussed for the inter-CU LTM cell switch procedure. Detailed discusses will be provided below with reference to FIG. 4. (Case 1) : BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam. (Case 2) : LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam. (Case 3) : LTM cell switch failure due to outdated TA.
[0103] In case 1, shortly after a successful LTM cell switch, a beam failure occurs in the target cell and the UE performs BFR, e.g. the beam where the beam failure happened and the beam where the UE succeeded to perform BFR are different but of the same cell (i.e. the target cell of the target DU) . Case 1 happens due to wrong beam / TCI state, e.g., wrong TCI state ID is selected by the source DU which is included in the LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE. In this case, network needs to identify or analyze the failure due to wrong beam / TCI state for LTM cell switch.
[0104] In case 2, a failure occurs during the LTM cell switch execution towards the target cell / RACH-less LTM cell switch execution fails; the UE recovers or re-establishes or reconnects the radio link connection in a cell (i.e. the target cell) where the connection failure occurs, and the beam where the connection failure happened (e.g. where the LTM cell switch execution failed) and the beam where the UE succeeded to recover or re-establish or reconnect the radio link connection are different but of the same cell (i.e. the target cell) . Case 2 happens due to wrong beam / TCI state, e.g., wrong TCI state ID is selected by source DU which is included in the LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE. In this case, network needs to identify or analyze the failure due to wrong beam / TCI state for LTM cell switch.
[0105] In case 3, a failure occurs during the LTM cell switch execution / RACH-less LTM cell switch execution fails; the UE recovers or re-establishes or reconnects the radio link connection in a cell (i.e. target cell) / beam (i.e. target beam) where the connection failure occurs. Case 3 happens due to wrong early TA acquisition or invalid / outdated TA, e.g. the TA information (e.g. TA value, or timer duration of the TAT related timer) is wrongly configured or indicated. In Case3, the UE recovers or re-establishes or reconnects the radio link connection via RA-based access, the TA value used in RA-based access is different from the TA value indicated in the LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE. Network needs to identify or analyze the failure due to wrong early TA acquisition or wrong / invalid / outdated TA.
[0106] In some implementations, the process 300 may be applied for an inter-gNB LTM cell switch procedure. With reference to FIG. 2B, the first network node 301 may be the source gNB 221 and the second network node 302 may be the target gNB 222.
[0107] The following cases 1-3 are discussed for the inter-gNB LTM cell switch procedure. Detailed discusses will be provided below with reference to FIG. 5. (Case 1) : BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam. (Case 2) : LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam. (Case 3) : LTM cell switch failure due to outdated TA.
[0108] In some implementations, the process 300 may be applied for an L3 based intra-CU LTM cell switch procedure. With reference to FIG. 2A, the first network node 301 may be the CU 212 and the second network node 302 may be the target DU 215; or the first network node 301 may be the source DU 211 and the second network node 302 may be the CU 212.
[0109] The following cases 1-2 are discussed for the L3 based intra-CU LTM cell switch procedure. Detailed discusses will be provided below with reference to FIGs. 6A-6C. (Case 1) : BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam. (Case 2) : LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam.
[0110] In some implementations, the process 300 may be applied for an L3 based inter-CU LTM cell switch procedure. With reference to FIG. 2A, the first network node 301 may be the target CU 213 and the second network node 302 may be the target DU 214; or the first network node 301 may be the source CU 212 and the second network node 302 may be the target CU 213; or the first network node 301 may be the source DU 211 and the second network node 302 may be the source CU 212.
[0111] The following cases 1-2 are discussed for the L3 based inter-CU LTM cell switch procedure. Detailed discusses will be provided below with reference to FIGs. 7A-7C. (Case 1) : BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam. (Case 2) : LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam.
[0112] FIGs. 4-5 are provided below for details about solutions of case 1 to case 3 in an inter-CU LTM cell switch procedure and an inter-gNB LTM cell switch procedure.
[0113] Case 1 (BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam) : shortly after a successful LTM cell switch, a beam failure occurs in the target cell and the UE performs beam failure recovery (BFR) , e.g. the beam where the beam failure happened and the beam where the UE succeeded to perform BFR are different but of the same cell (i.e. the target cell) . Case 1 happens due to wrong beam / TCI state, e.g. wrong TCI state ID is selected by source DU / gNB which is included in the LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE. Network needs to identify or analyze the failure due to wrong beam / TCI state for LTM cell switch.
[0114] Case 2 (LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam) : a failure occurs during the LTM cell switch execution towards the target cell / RACH-less LTM cell switch execution fails; the UE recovers or re-establishes or reconnects the radio link connection in a cell (i.e. the target cell) where the connection failure occurs, and the beam where the connection failure happened (e.g. where the LTM cell switch execution failed) and the beam where the UE succeeded to recover or re-establish or reconnect the radio link connection are different but of the same cell (i.e. the target cell) . Case 2 happens due to wrong beam / TCI state, e.g. wrong TCI state ID is selected by source DU / gNB which is included in the LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE. Network needs to identify or analyze the failure due to wrong beam / TCI state for LTM cell switch.
[0115] Case 3 (LTM cell switch failure due to outdated TA) : a failure occurs during the LTM cell switch execution / RACH-less LTM cell switch execution fails; the UE recovers or re-establishes or reconnects the radio link connection in a cell (i.e. target cell) / beam (i.e. target beam) where the connection failure occurs. Case 3 happens due to wrong early TA acquisition or invalid / outdated TA, e.g. the TA information (e.g. TA value, or timer duration of the TAT related timer) is wrongly configured or indicated. In Case3, the UE recovers or re-establishes or reconnects the radio link connection via RA-based access, the TA value used in RA-based access is different from the TA value which is configured for RACH-less LTM or indicated in the LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE. Network needs to identify or analyze the failure due to wrong early TA acquisition or wrong / invalid / outdated TA.
[0116] FIG. 4 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a communication process 400 of correlation in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 400 may involve the source DU 211, the source CU 212, the target CU 213 and the target DU 214 as shown in FIG. 2A. It would be appreciated that the process 400 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0117] At 410, optionally, the target DU 214 determines BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam, or LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam, or LTM cell switch failure due to outdated TA.
[0118] At 420, optionally, the target DU 214 transmits, and the target CU 213 receives, information associated with an LTM cell switch procedure. For example, the information includes first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, or second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery, or third information about a TA value used at a successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery.
[0119] At 430, optionally, the target CU 213 transmits, and the source CU 212 receives, the information. In addition, at 440, optionally, the source CU 212 transmits, and the source DU 211 receives, the information. Accordingly, at 450, optionally, the source DU 211 performs MRO optimization.
[0120] Case 1 (BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam) in the inter-CU LTM cell switch procedure.
[0121] For Case 1, the target DU 214 may identify the BFR happened in the UE 250 shortly after successful inter-CU LTM cell switch, e.g. which is caused due to wrong beam.
[0122] In some examples, in case that the target DU 214 of the target CU provides wrong candidate beam (s) for inter-CU LTM cell switch, the target DU 214 of the target CU is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g., modifies the candidate beam (s) for inter-CU LTM cell switch preparation. It should be noted that this example is not illustrated in FIG. 4.
[0123] In some examples, in case that the source DU 211 of the source CU selects a wrong beam for inter-CU LTM cell switch, the target DU 214 of the target CU sends information of the beam (e.g., SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery to the target CU 213.
[0124] The target CU 213 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery to the source CU 212. In some examples, the information transmitted from the target CU 213 to the source CU 212 may be included in an Xn message, the Xn message may be a new introduced Xn message, or an access and mobility indication message, or a UE context release message. For example, the information from the target CU 213 to the source CU 212 may be in a new introduced Xn message. For example, the ACCESS AND MOBILITY INDICATION message or UE Context Release message may be reused to transfer the information from the target CU 213 to the source CU 212. As such, the source CU 212 may identify this message received from the target CU 213.
[0125] Optionally, the information from the target CU 213 to the source CU 212 may further include at least one of: a NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the source CU 212, a NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the target CU 213, or a source C-RNTI. For example, the target CU 213 may need to send at least one of NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the source node, NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the target node, and source C-RNTI to the source CU 212 (e.g. in the new introduced Xn message, or reuse the ACCESS AND MOBILITY INDICATION message or UE Context Release message) .
[0126] In addition, the source CU 212 forwards the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery to the source DU 211. Optionally, the source DU 211 is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g. updates the target beam for inter-CU LTM cell switch.
[0127] In some embodiments, for RACH-based LTM, after the UE 250 receives LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE including TCI state, the UE 250 performs RACH based LTM cell switch using CFRA resources or CBRA resources. After completing the RACH procedure, TCI state received in LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE is used for data transmission / reception, and network will update TCI state based on the L1 measurement report.
[0128] In some embodiments, for RACH-less LTM, after the UE 250 receives LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE including TCI state and early TA value, the UE 250 performs RACH-less LTM cell switch, TCI state received in LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE will be used directly for UL data transmission, e.g. transmitting RRC reconfiguration complete message via CG. Network will update TCI state based on the L1 measurement report.
[0129] For Case 1, BFR may occur before network updates TCI state based on L1 measurement report, the failure may be caused due to the UE 250 spending too much time to completing successful inter-CU LTM cell switch. To enable network to better analyze the failure, it may be beneficial of the UE 250 to report information related with the elapsed time of T304 when inter-CU LTM cell switch execution is successful (especially for RACH-based LTM since TCI state is used after successful RACH procedure) , the information related with the elapsed time of T304 may be a percentage value of the elapsed time of T304 when inter-CU LTM cell switch execution is successful relative to the timer duration of T304, or the elapsed time of T304 when inter-CU LTM cell switch execution is successful, or the absolute time when inter-CU LTM cell switch execution is successful, or an index value to indicate the elapsed time of T304 when inter-CU LTM cell switch execution is successful.
[0130] Case 2 (LTM cell switch failure due to the wrong beam) in the inter-CU LTM cell switch procedure.
[0131] For Case 2, the target DU 214 may identify the execution of inter-CU LTM cell switch failure, e.g. which is caused due to wrong beam.
[0132] In some examples, in case that the target DU 214 of the target CU provides wrong candidate beam (s) for inter-CU LTM cell switch, the target DU 214 of the target CU is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g., modifies the candidate beam (s) for inter-CU LTM cell switch preparation. It should be noted that this example is not illustrated in FIG. 4.
[0133] In some examples, in case that the source DU 211 of the source CU selects a wrong beam for inter-CU LTM cell switch, the target DU 214 of the target CU sends information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the target CU 213.
[0134] The target CU 213 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source CU 212. In some examples, the information transmitted from the target CU 213 to the source CU 212 may be included in an Xn message, the Xn message may be a new introduced Xn message, or an access and mobility indication message, or a UE context release message. For example, the information from the target CU 213 to the source CU 212 may be in a new introduced Xn message. For example, the ACCESS AND MOBILITY INDICATION message or UE Context Release message may be reused to transfer the information from the target CU 213 to the source CU 212.
[0135] In some examples, the source CU 212 also receives an RLF report, source CU 212 may need to correlate the message received from the target CU 213 and the RLF report.
[0136] To enable the source CU 212 correlate the message received from the target CU 213 and the RLF report, in some examples, the information from the target CU 213 to the source CU 212 may further include at least one of: a NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the source CU 212, a NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the target CU 213, or a source C-RNTI. For example, the target CU 213 may need to send at least one of NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the source node, NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the target node, and source C-RNTI to the source CU 212 (e.g. in the new introduced Xn message, or reuse the ACCESS AND MOBILITY INDICATION message or UE Context Release message) .
[0137] In addition, the source CU 212 forwards the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source DU 211. Optionally, the source DU 211 performs root cause analysis to detect inter-CU LTM cell switch failure caused by wrong beam selection, and the source DU 211 is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g. updates the target beam for inter-CU LTM cell switch.
[0138] Case 3 (LTM cell switch failure due to outdated TA) in the inter-CU LTM cell switch procedure.
[0139] For Case 3, the target DU 214 may identify the UE 250 successfully performed a RACH-based access while reconnecting / re-establishing / recovering to the same target cell and same target beam but with TA value different from the TA value which was used for RACH-less inter-CU LTM cell switch, e.g., the TA value that included in CU-DU CELL SWITCH NOTIFICATION message.
[0140] The target DU 214 of the target CU sends the TA value used at successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection / re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the target CU 213.
[0141] The target CU 213 sends the TA value used at successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection / re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source CU 212. In some examples, the information transmitted from the target CU 213 to the source CU 212 may be included in an Xn message, the Xn message may be a new introduced Xn message, or an access and mobility indication message, or a UE context release message. For example, the information from the target CU 213 to the source CU 212 may be included in a new introduced Xn message. For example, the ACCESS AND MOBILITY INDICATION message or UE Context Release message may be reused to transfer the information from the target CU 213 to the source CU 212.
[0142] In some examples, the source CU 212 also receives an RLF report, source CU 212 may need to correlate the message received from the target CU 213 and the RLF report.
[0143] To enable the source CU 212 correlate the message received from the target CU 213 and the RLF report, in some examples, the information from the target CU 213 to the source CU 212 may further include at least one of: a NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the source CU 212, a NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the target CU 213, or a source C-RNTI. For example, the target CU 213 may need to send at least one of NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the source node, NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the target node, and source C-RNTI to the source CU 212 (e.g. in the new introduced Xn message, or reuse the ACCESS AND MOBILITY INDICATION message or UE Context Release message) .
[0144] In addition, the source CU 212 forwards TA value used at successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection / re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source DU 211. Optionally, the source DU 211 is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g. updates timer duration for checking the validity of the TA value which was used for RACH-less inter-CU LTM cell switch, or update the timing for triggering PDCCH order for early TA acquisition.
[0145] FIG. 5 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a communication process 500 of correlation in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 500 may involve the source gNB 221 and the target gNB 222 as shown in FIG. 2B. It would be appreciated that the process 500 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0146] At 510, optionally, the target gNB 222 determines BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam, or LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam, or LTM cell switch failure due to outdated TA.
[0147] At 520, the target gNB 222 transmits, and the source gNB 221 receives, information associated with an LTM cell switch procedure. For example, the information includes first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, or second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery, or third information about a TA value used at a successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery.
[0148] At 530, the source gNB 221 performs MRO optimization.
[0149] Case 1 (BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam) in the inter-gNB LTM cell switch procedure.
[0150] In non CU-DU split architecture, for case 1, the target node (e.g. the target gNB 222) identifies the BFR happened in UE 250 shortly after successful inter-gNB LTM cell switch, e.g. which is caused due to wrong beam.
[0151] In some examples, in case that the target gNB 222 provides wrong candidate beam (s) for inter-gNB LTM cell switch, the target gNB 222 is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g. modifies the candidate beam (s) for inter-gNB LTM cell switch preparation. It should be noted that this example is not illustrated in FIG. 5.
[0152] In some examples, in case that the source node (e.g. the source gNB 221) selects a wrong beam for inter-gNB LTM cell switch, the target gNB 222 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery to the source gNB 221 (e.g. in a new introduced Xn message, or reuse the ACCESS AND MOBILITY INDICATION message or UE Context Release message) , to enable the source gNB 221 identify this message received from the target gNB 222.
[0153] In some examples, the target gNB 222 also needs to send at least one of: NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the source node, NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the target node, and source C-RNTI to the source gNB 221 (e.g. in the new introduced Xn message, or reuse the ACCESS AND MOBILITY INDICATION message or UE Context Release message) .
[0154] In addition, the source gNB 221 is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g. updates the target beam for inter-gNB LTM cell switch.
[0155] Case 2 (LTM cell switch failure due to the wrong beam) in the inter-gNB LTM cell switch procedure.
[0156] In non CU-DU split architecture, for case 2, the target node (e.g. the target gNB 222) identifies the inter-gNB LTM cell switch failure, e.g. which is caused due to wrong beam.
[0157] In some examples, in case that the target gNB 222 provides wrong candidate beam (s) for inter-gNB LTM cell switch, the target gNB 222 is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g. modifies the candidate beam (s) for inter-gNB LTM cell switch preparation. It should be noted that this example is not illustrated in FIG. 5.
[0158] In some examples, in case that the source node (e.g. the source gNB 221) selects a wrong beam for inter-gNB LTM cell switch, the target gNB 222 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source gNB 221 (e.g. in a new introduced Xn message, or reuse the ACCESS AND MOBILITY INDICATION message or UE Context Release message) . Source gNB 221 may also receive an RLF report, to enable the source gNB 221 correlate the Xn message received from the target gNB 222 and the RLF report. The target gNB 222 also needs to send at least one of: NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the source node, NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the target node, and source C-RNTI to the source gNB 221 (e.g. in the new introduced Xn message, or reuse the ACCESS AND MOBILITY INDICATION message or UE Context Release message) .
[0159] In addition, the source gNB 221 performs root cause analysis to detect inter-gNB LTM cell switch failure caused by wrong beam selection, and the source gNB 221 is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g. updates the target beam for inter-gNB LTM cell switch.
[0160] Case 3 (LTM cell switch failure due to outdated TA) in the inter-gNB LTM cell switch procedure.
[0161] In non CU-DU split architecture, for case 3, if the target node (e.g. the target gNB 222) identifies the UE 250 successfully performed a RACH-based access while reconnecting / re-establishing / recovering to the same target cell and same target beam but with TA value different from the TA value which was used for RACH-less inter-CU LTM cell switch e.g. the TA value that included in CU-DU CELL SWITCH NOTIFICATION message, then, the target gNB 222 sends the TA value used at successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection / re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source node (e.g. the source gNB 221) (e.g. in a new introduced Xn message, or reuse the ACCESS AND MOBILITY INDICATION message or UE Context Release message) .
[0162] In some examples, the source gNB 221 also receives an RLF report, the source gNB 221 may need to correlate the message received from the target gNB 222 and the RLF report.
[0163] To enable the source gNB 221 correlate the message received from the target gNB 222 and the RLF report, in some examples, the target gNB 222 also needs to send at least one of: NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the source node, NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the target node, and source C-RNTI to the source gNB 221 (e.g. in the new introduced Xn message, or reuse the ACCESS AND MOBILITY INDICATION message or UE Context Release message) .
[0164] In addition, the source gNB 221 is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g. updates timer duration for checking the validity of the TA value which was used for RACH-less inter-CU LTM cell switch, or updates the timing for triggering PDCCH order for early TA acquisition.
[0165] Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for MRO in an inter-CU LTM cell switch procedure or an inter-gNB LTM cell switch procedure.
[0166] For the case of BFR shortly after successful inter-CU LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam, Xn interface is enhanced, e.g., target CU / gNB sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery to source CU / gNB, together with at least one of NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the source node, NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the target node, and source C-RNTI, if source DU / gNB is responsible for MRO optimization. For the case of inter-CU LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam, Xn interface is enhanced, e.g., target CU / gNB sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to source CU / gNB, together with at least one of NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the source node, NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the target node, and source C-RNTI, if source DU / gNB is responsible for MRO optimization. For the case of inter-CU LTM cell switch failure due to outdated TA, Xn interface is enhanced, e.g., target CU / gNB sends the TA value used at successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection / re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to source CU / gNB, together with at least one of NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the source node, NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the target node, and source C-RNTI, if source DU / gNB is responsible for MRO optimization.
[0167] FIGs. 6A-7C are provided below for details about solutions of case 1 to case 2 in an L3 based intra-CU LTM cell switch procedure and an L3 based inter-CU LTM cell switch procedure.
[0168] L3 based intra-CU LTM is supported in R18, i.e. CU may send one of below IE to the source DU in CU-DU MOBILITY INITIATION REQUEST message: - Mobility Triggering Indication Information (e.g. including Triggering Indication (e.g. which indicates early UL sync, early DL sync, or cell switch) , candidate cell and associated SSB index for cell switch, candidate cells and associated SSB indexes information for early UL sync, and / or, candidate cells and associated SSB indexes information for early DL sync) . - Mobility Assistance Information, which includes L3 measurement information (e.g. SSB level measurement results of serving cell and neighbour cell, and / or cell level measurement results of serving cell and neighbour cell) .
[0169] Case 1 or Case 2 mentioned above may also occur in L3 based intra-CU LTM. For L1 based LTM, it is the source DU who decides a target beam for LTM cell switch. Different from L1 based intra-CU LTM, in L3 based intra-CU LTM, the CU may select the target cell / target beam for LTM cell switch, and indicate it to the source DU, or the CU may forward the L3 based measurement information of candidate beams to the source DU to enable the source DU to select the target beam among candidate beams. Thus, MRO mechanism for L1 based LTM cannot be applied in L3 based LTM.
[0170] FIG. 6A illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a communication process 610 of correlation in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 610 may involve the source DU 211, the CU 212, and the target DU 215 as shown in FIG. 2A. It would be appreciated that the process 610 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0171] In the process 610, the CU 212 sends mobility triggering indication information or mobility assistance information to the source DU 211 at 611. The CU 212 also forwards the mobility triggering indication information or mobility assistance information to the target DU 215 at 612, e.g. via ACCESS AND MOBILITY INDICATION message, or CU-DU CELL SWITCH NOTIFICATION message, or other.
[0172] At 613, optionally the target DU 215 determines BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam, or LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam. For example, the target DU 215 determines BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam, if a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery is different from the target beam for LTM cell switch. For example, the target DU 215 determines LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam, if a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery is different from the target beam for LTM cell switch.
[0173] In some examples, the CU 212 forwards the Mobility Triggering Indication information or Mobility Assistance Information including L3 measurement information (which is sent to the source DU 211) to the target DU 215, e.g. in the ACCESS AND MOBILITY INDICATION message, or CU-DU CELL SWITCH NOTIFICATION message, or other.
[0174] At 614, optionally, the target DU 215 may further determine the failure cause, or decide whether the first beam or the second beam is included in the mobility assistance information, or whether the first beam or the second beam is that in the mobility triggering indication information.
[0175] In some examples, if the first beam or the second beam is included in the mobility assistance information, then operation 615 including steps 6152, 6154, and 6156 will be performed. In some examples, if the first beam or the second beam is not included in the mobility assistance information or is not that in the mobility triggering indication information, then operation 616 including steps 6162 and 6164 will be performed.
[0176] In some example embodiments, the target DU 215 identifies the BFR happened in UE 250 shortly after successful LTM cell switch caused due to wrong beam.
[0177] In some examples, the target DU 215 is responsible for MRO optimization (e.g. modify the candidate beam (s) for LTM preparation) , if the failure is caused due to the target DU 215 provides a wrong candidate beam list. It should be noted that this example is not illustrated in FIG. 6A.
[0178] In some examples, the target DU 215 performs further analysis, for example, the target DU 215 may determine that the failure is caused due to a wrong beam selected for LTM cell switch.
[0179] For the case that the CU 212 sends Mobility Assistance Information to the target DU 215 at 612.
[0180] If the beam for beam failure recovery is included in the Mobility Assistance Information, the target DU 215 identifies the failure is due to wrong beam selection in the source DU 211. The target DU 215 transmits, and the CU 212 receives, information at 6152. The information at 6152 may include first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery. The information at 6152 may further include an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong beam selection (or wrong TCI state) . In addition, the CU 212 transmits, and the source DU 211 receives, the information at 6154. Accordingly, at 6156, the source DU 211 performs MRO optimization, e.g. updates the target beam for LTM.
[0181] The target DU 215 indicates to the source DU 211 that the failure is due to wrong beam selection in the source DU 211 via the CU 212. The target DU 215 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery to the source DU 211 via the CU 212. For example, the target DU 215 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery to the CU 212, and optionally indicates to the CU 212 to send the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery to the source DU 211.
[0182] The CU 212 then sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery to the source DU 211 at 6154. In addition, the source DU 211 is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g. to optimize the target beam in LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE.
[0183] If the beam for beam failure recovery is not included in the Mobility Assistance Information, the target DU 215 identifies the failure is due to wrong Mobility Assistance Information in the CU 212. The target DU 215 transmits, and the CU 212 receives, information at 6162. The information at 6162 may include first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery. The information at 6162 may further include an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong mobility assistance information. In addition, the CU 212 performs MRO optimization at 6164.
[0184] The target DU 215 indicates to the CU 212 that the CU 212 selects wrong Mobility Assistance Information. The target DU 215 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery to the CU 212.
[0185] The CU 212 is responsible for MRO optimization e.g. to optimize the beam (e.g., SSB index or TCI state) informed to the source DU 211 in the Mobility Assistance Information, but the CU 212 does not send the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery to the source DU 211.
[0186] For the case that the CU 212 sends Mobility Triggering Indication Information to the target DU 215 at 612.
[0187] If the beam for beam failure recovery is not the beam included in the Mobility Triggering Indication information, the target DU 215 identifies the failure is due to wrong Mobility Triggering Indication in the CU 212. The target DU 215 transmits, and the CU 212 receives, information at 6162. The information at 6162 may include first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery. The information at 6162 may further include an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong mobility triggering indication information. In addition, the CU 212 performs MRO optimization at 6164.
[0188] The target DU 215 indicates to the CU 212 that the CU 212 selects wrong Mobility Triggering Indication. The target DU 215 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery to the CU 212.
[0189] The CU 212 is responsible for MRO optimization e.g. to optimize the beam (e.g., SSB index or TCI state) informed to the source DU 211 in the Mobility Triggering Indication information, but the CU 212 does not send the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery to the source DU 211.
[0190] In some example embodiments, the target DU 215 identifies an LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam.
[0191] In some examples, the target DU 215 performs further analysis, for example, the target DU 215 may determine that the failure is caused due to a wrong beam selected for LTM cell switch.
[0192] For the case that the CU 212 sends Mobility Assistance Information to the target DU 215 at 612.
[0193] If the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is included in the Mobility Assistance Information, the target DU 215 identifies the failure is due to wrong beam selection in the source DU 211. The target DU 215 transmits, and the CU 212 receives, information at 6152. The information at 6152 may include second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery. The information at 6152 may further include an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong beam selection (or wrong TCI state) . In addition, the CU 212 transmits, and the source DU 211 receives, the information at 6154. Accordingly, at 6156, the source DU 211 performs MRO optimization e.g. updates the target beam for LTM.
[0194] The target DU 215 indicates to the source DU 211 that the failure is due to wrong beam selection in the source DU 211 via the CU 212. The target DU 215 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source DU 211 via the CU 212. For example, the target DU 215 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the CU 212, and optionally indicates to the CU 212 to send the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source DU 211.
[0195] The CU 212 then sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source DU 211 at 6154. In addition, the source DU 211 is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g. to optimize the target beam in LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE.
[0196] If the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is not included in the Mobility Assistance Information, the target DU 215 identifies the failure is due to wrong Mobility Assistance Information in the CU 212. The target DU 215 transmits, and the CU 212 receives, information at 6162. The information at 6162 may include second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery. The information at 6162 may further include an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong mobility assistance information. In addition, the CU 212 performs MRO optimization at 6164.
[0197] The target DU 215 indicates to the CU 212 that the CU 212 selects wrong Mobility Assistance Information. The target DU 215 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the CU 212.
[0198] The CU 212 is responsible for MRO optimization e.g. to optimize the beam (e.g., SSB index or TCI state) informed to the source DU 211 in the Mobility Assistance Information, but the CU 212 does not send the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source DU 211.
[0199] For the case that the CU 212 sends Mobility Triggering Indication Information to the target DU 215 at 612.
[0200] If the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is not the beam included in the Mobility Triggering Indication information, the target DU 215 identifies the failure is due to wrong Mobility Triggering Indication in the CU 212. The target DU 215 transmits, and the CU 212 receives, information at 6162. The information at 6162 may include second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery. The information at 6162 may further include an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong mobility triggering indication information. In addition, the CU 212 performs MRO optimization at 6164.
[0201] The target DU 215 indicates to the CU 212 that the CU 212 selects wrong Mobility Triggering Indication. The target DU 215 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the CU 212.
[0202] The CU 212 is responsible for MRO optimization e.g. to optimize the beam (e.g., SSB index or TCI state) informed to the source DU 211 in the Mobility Triggering Indication information, but the CU 212 does not send the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source DU 211.
[0203] FIG. 6B illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a communication process 620 of correlation in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 620 may involve the source DU 211, the CU 212, and the target DU 215 as shown in FIG. 2A. It would be appreciated that the process 620 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0204] In the process 620, the CU 212 sends mobility triggering indication information or mobility assistance information to the source DU 211 at 621.
[0205] At 622, optionally, the target DU 215 determines BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam, or LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam. For example, the target DU 215 determines BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam, if a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery is different from the target beam for LTM cell switch. For example, the target DU 215 determines LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam, if a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery is different from the target beam for LTM cell switch.
[0206] In some examples, if the failure is caused due to the target DU 215 provides a wrong candidate beam list, the target DU 215 is responsible for MRO optimization (e.g. modify the candidate beam (s) for LTM preparation) . It should be noted that this example is not illustrated in FIG. 6B.
[0207] In some examples, if the failure is caused due to a wrong beam among candidate beam list is selected for LTM cell switch, the target DU 215 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery or the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the CU 212, then the CU 212 performs MRO analysis.
[0208] At 623, the target DU 215 transmits, and the CU 212 receives, information associated with the LTM cell switch procedure. The information at 623 may include first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, or second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery.
[0209] At 624, the CU 212 may determine the failure cause, or decide whether the first beam or the second beam is included in the mobility assistance information, or whether the first beam or the second beam is that in the mobility triggering indication information.
[0210] In some examples, if the first beam or the second beam is included in the mobility assistance information, then operation 625 including steps 6252 and 6254 will be performed. In some examples, if the first beam or the second beam is not included in the mobility assistance information or is not that in the mobility triggering indication information, then operation 626 including step 6262 will be performed.
[0211] For the case that the CU 212 sends Mobility Assistance Information to the source DU 211 at 621.
[0212] If the beam for beam failure recovery or the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is included in the Mobility Assistance Information, the CU 212 identifies the failure is due to wrong beam selection in the source DU 211.
[0213] The CU 212 transmits, and the source DU 211 receives, information at 6252. The information at 6252 may include first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery or include second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery. The information at 6252 may further include an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong beam selection (or wrong TCI state) .
[0214] In addition, the source DU 211 performs MRO optimization at 6254. For example, the source DU 211 is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g. to optimize the target beam to be included in LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE.
[0215] If the beam for beam failure recovery or the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is not included in the Mobility Assistance Information, the CU 212 identifies the failure is due to wrong Mobility Assistance Information.
[0216] In addition, the CU 212 performs MRO optimization at 6262. For example, the CU 212 is responsible for MRO optimization e.g. to optimize the beam (e.g., SSB index or TCI state) informed to the source DU 211 e.g. in the Mobility Assistance Information, but the CU 212 does not send the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery or the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source DU 211.
[0217] For the case that the CU 212 sends Mobility Triggering Indication Information to the source DU 211 at 621.
[0218] If the beam for beam failure recovery or the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is not the beam included in the Mobility Triggering Indication information, the CU 212 identifies the failure is due to wrong Mobility Triggering Indication information .
[0219] In addition, the CU 212 performs MRO optimization at 6262. For example, the CU 212 is responsible for MRO optimization e.g. to optimize the beam (e.g., SSB index or TCI state) informed to the source DU 211 e.g. in the Mobility Triggering Indication information, but the CU 212 does not send the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery or the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source DU 211.
[0220] FIG. 6C illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a communication process 630 of correlation in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 630 may involve the source DU 211, the CU 212, and the target DU 215 as shown in FIG. 2A. It would be appreciated that the process 630 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0221] In the process 630, the CU 212 sends mobility triggering indication information or mobility assistance information to the source DU 211 at 631.
[0222] At 632, the target DU 215 determines BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam, or LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam. For example, the target DU 215 determines BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam, if a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery is different from the target beam for LTM cell switch. For example, the target DU 215 determines LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam, if a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery is different from the target beam for LTM cell switch..
[0223] In some examples, if the failure is caused due to the target DU 215 provides a wrong candidate beam list, the target DU 215 is responsible for MRO optimization (e.g. modify the candidate beam (s) for LTM preparation) . It should be noted that this example is not illustrated in FIG. 6C.
[0224] In some examples, if the failure is caused due to a wrong beam among candidate beam list is selected for LTM cell switch, the target DU 215 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery or the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source DU 211 via the CU 212, then the source DU 211 performs MRO analysis.
[0225] At 633, the target DU 215 transmits, and the CU 212 receives, information associated with the LTM cell switch procedure. The information at 633 may include first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, or second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery.
[0226] At 634, the CU 212 transmits, and the source DU 211 receives, information associated with the LTM cell switch procedure. The information at 634 may include first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, or second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery.
[0227] For example, the target DU 215 sends the information to the CU 212, and also indicates to the CU 212 to send the information to the source DU 211.
[0228] At 635, the source DU 211 may determine the failure cause, or decide whether the first beam or the second beam is included in the mobility assistance information, or whether the first beam or the second beam is that in the mobility triggering indication information.
[0229] In some examples, if the first beam or the second beam is included in the mobility assistance information, then operation 636 including step 6362 will be performed. In some examples, if the first beam or the second beam is not included in the mobility assistance information or is not that in the mobility triggering indication information, then operation 637 including steps 6372 and 6374 will be performed.
[0230] For the case that the CU 212 sends Mobility Assistance Information to the source DU 211 at 631.
[0231] If the beam for beam failure recovery or the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is included in the Mobility Assistance Information, the source DU 211 identifies the failure is due to wrong beam selection in the source DU 211.
[0232] The source DU 211 performs MRO optimization at 6362. For example, the source DU 211 is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g. to optimize the target beam in LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE.
[0233] If the beam for beam failure recovery or the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is not included in the Mobility Assistance Information, the source DU 211 identifies the failure is due to wrong Mobility Assistance Information.
[0234] At 6372, the source DU 211 transmits, and the CU 212 receives, an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong Mobility Assistance Information.
[0235] In addition, the CU 212 performs MRO optimization at 6374. For example, the CU 212 is responsible for MRO optimization e.g. to optimize the beam (e.g., SSB index or TCI state) informed to the source DU 211 e.g. in the Mobility Assistance Information.
[0236] For the case that the CU 212 sends Mobility Triggering Indication Information to the source DU 211 at 631.
[0237] If the beam for beam failure recovery or the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is not the beam included in the Mobility Triggering Indication information, the source DU 211 identifies the failure is due to wrong Mobility Triggering Indication information .
[0238] At 6372, the source DU 211 transmits, and the CU 212 receives, an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong Mobility Triggering Indication information.
[0239] In addition, the CU 212 performs MRO optimization at 6374. For example, the CU 212 is responsible for MRO optimization e.g. to optimize the beam (e.g., SSB index or TCI state) informed to the source DU 211 e.g. in the Mobility Triggering Indication information.
[0240] The embodiments discussed with reference to FIGS. 6A-6C can also be applied to L3 based inter-CU LTM procedure, details of which are provided below with reference to FIGS. 7A-7C.
[0241] FIG. 7A illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a communication process 710 of correlation in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 710 may involve the source DU 211, the source CU 212, the target CU 213, and the target DU 214 as shown in FIG. 2A. It would be appreciated that the process 710 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0242] In the process 710, the source CU 212 sends mobility triggering indication information or mobility assistance information to the source DU 211 at 711. The source CU 212 also sends the mobility triggering indication information or mobility assistance information to the target DU 214 via the target CU 213 at 712.
[0243] For example, the source CU 212 transmits the mobility triggering indication information or mobility assistance information to the target CU 213, and then the target CU 213 forwards the mobility triggering indication information or mobility assistance information to the target DU 214.
[0244] At 713, optionally, the target DU 214 determines BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam, or LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam. For example, the target DU 214 determines BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam, if a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery is different from the target beam for LTM cell switch. For example, the target DU 214 determines LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam, if a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery is different from the target beam for LTM cell switch.
[0245] In some examples, if the failure is caused due to the target DU 214 provides a wrong candidate beam list, the target DU 214 is responsible for MRO optimization (e.g. modify the candidate beam (s) for LTM preparation) . It should be noted that this example is not illustrated in FIG. 7A.
[0246] In some examples, the target DU 214 performs further analysis, for example, the target DU 214 may determine the failure cause, or decide the failure is caused due to a wrong beam selected for LTM cell switch.
[0247] At 714, the target DU 214 may determine whether the first beam or the second beam is included in the mobility assistance information, or whether the first beam or the second beam is that in the mobility triggering indication information. In some examples, if the failure is caused due to a wrong beam among candidate beam list is selected for LTM cell switch, the target DU 214 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery or the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source CU 212 via the target CU 213, then the source CU 212 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery or the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source DU 211.
[0248] For the case that the source CU 212 sends Mobility Assistance Information to the target DU 214 via the target CU 213 at 712.
[0249] If the beam for beam failure recovery or the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is included in the Mobility Assistance Information, the target DU 214 identifies the failure is due to wrong beam selection in the source DU 211. The target DU 214 transmits, and the target CU 213 receives, information at 7152. The information at 7152 may include first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, or second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery. The information at 7152 may further include an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong beam selection (or wrong TCI state) .
[0250] In addition, the target CU 213 transmits, and the source CU 212 receives the information at 7154. In addition, the source CU 212 transmits, and the source DU 211 receives, the information at 7156.
[0251] For example, the information at 7152 / 7154 / 7156 includes information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery, or information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery; and also includes an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong beam selection (or wrong TCI state) .
[0252] Accordingly, at 7158, the source DU 211 performs MRO optimization. For example, the source DU 211 is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g. to optimize the target beam in LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE.
[0253] If the beam for beam failure recovery or the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is not included in the Mobility Assistance Information, the target DU 214 identifies the failure is due to wrong Mobility Assistance Information in the source CU 212. The target DU 214 transmits, and the target CU 213 receives, information at 7162. The information at 7162 may include first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, or second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery. The information at 7162 may further include an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong mobility assistance information.
[0254] In addition, the target CU 213 transmits, and the source CU 212 receives the information at 7164. For example, the information at 7162 / 7164 includes information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery, or information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery; and also includes an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong mobility assistance information.
[0255] In addition, the source CU 212 performs MRO optimization at 7166. For example, the source CU 212 is responsible for MRO optimization e.g. to optimize the beam (e.g., SSB index or TCI state) informed to the source DU 211 e.g. in the Mobility Assistance Information, but the source CU 212 does not send the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery to the source DU 211.
[0256] For the case that the source CU 212 sends Mobility Triggering Indication Information to the target DU 214 via the target CU 213 at 712.
[0257] If the beam for beam failure recovery or the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is not the beam included in the Mobility Triggering Indication information, the target DU 214 identifies the failure is due to wrong Mobility Triggering Indication in the source CU 212. The target DU 214 transmits, and the target CU 213 receives, information at 7162. The information at 7162 may include first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, or second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery. The information at 7162 may further include an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong mobility triggering indication information.
[0258] In addition, the target CU 213 transmits, and the source CU 212 receives the information at 7164. For example, the information at 7162 / 7164 includes information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery, or information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery; and also includes an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong mobility triggering indication information.
[0259] In addition, the source CU 212 performs MRO optimization at 7166. For example, the source CU 212 is responsible for MRO optimization e.g. to optimize the beam (e.g., SSB index or TCI state) informed to the source DU 211 e.g. in the Mobility Triggering Indication information, but the source CU 212 does not send the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery to the source DU 211.
[0260] FIG. 7B illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a communication process 720 of correlation in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 720 may involve the source DU 211, the source CU 212, the target CU 213, and the target DU 214 as shown in FIG. 2A. It would be appreciated that the process 720 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0261] In the process 720, the source CU 212 sends mobility triggering indication information or mobility assistance information to the source DU 211 at 721.
[0262] At 722, optionally, the target DU 214 determines BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam, or LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam. For example, the target DU 214 determines BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam, if a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery is different from the target beam for LTM cell switch. For example, the target DU 214 determines LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam, if a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery is different from the target beam for LTM cell switch.
[0263] In some examples, if the failure is caused due to the target DU 214 provides a wrong candidate beam list, the target DU 214 is responsible for MRO optimization (e.g. modify the candidate beam (s) for LTM preparation) . It should be noted that this example is not illustrated in FIG. 7B.
[0264] In some examples, if the failure is caused due to a wrong beam among candidate beam list is selected for LTM cell switch, the target DU 214 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery or the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source CU 212 via the target CU 213, then the source CU 212 performs MRO analysis.
[0265] At 723, the target DU 214 transmits, and the target CU 213 receives, information associated with the LTM cell switch procedure. The information at 723 may include first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, or second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery. In some examples, the information also indicates to the target CU 213 to forward the information to the source CU 212.
[0266] At 724, the target CU 213 transmits, and the source CU 212 receives, the information. For example, the information at 723 / 724 includes information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery, or information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery. In addition, the source CU 212 performs MRO analysis.
[0267] At 725, the source CU 212 may determine the failure cause, or decide whether the first beam or the second beam is included in the mobility assistance information, or whether the first beam or the second beam is that in the mobility triggering indication information.
[0268] In some examples, if the first beam or the second beam is included in the mobility assistance information, then operation 726 including steps 7262 and 7264 will be performed. In some examples, if the first beam or the second beam is not included in the mobility assistance information or is not that in the mobility triggering indication information, then operation 727 including step 7272 will be performed.
[0269] For the case that the source CU 212 sends Mobility Assistance Information to the source DU 211 at 721.
[0270] If the beam for beam failure recovery or the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is included in the Mobility Assistance Information, the source CU 212 identifies the failure is due to wrong beam selection in the source DU 211.
[0271] The source CU 212 transmits, and the source DU 211 receives, information at 7262. The information at 7262 may include first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery or include second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery. The information at 7262 may further include an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong beam selection (or wrong TCI state) .
[0272] In addition, the source DU 211 performs MRO optimization at 7264. For example, the source DU 211 is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g. to optimize the target beam in LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE.
[0273] If the beam for beam failure recovery or the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is not included in the Mobility Assistance Information, the source CU 212 identifies the failure is due to wrong Mobility Assistance Information.
[0274] In addition, the source CU 212 performs MRO optimization at 7272. For example, the source CU 212 is responsible for MRO optimization e.g. to optimize the beam (e.g., SSB index or TCI state) informed to the source DU 211 e.g. in the Mobility Assistance Information, but the source CU 212 does not send the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery or the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source DU 211.
[0275] For the case that the source CU 212 sends Mobility Triggering Indication Information to the source DU 211 at 721.
[0276] If the beam for beam failure recovery or the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is not the beam included in the Mobility Triggering Indication information, the source CU 212 identifies the failure is due to wrong Mobility Triggering Indication information in the source CU 212.
[0277] In addition, the source CU 212 performs MRO optimization at 7272. For example, the source CU 212 is responsible for MRO optimization e.g. to optimize the beam (e.g., SSB index or TCI state) informed to the source DU 211 e.g. in the Mobility Triggering Indication information, but the source CU 212 does not send the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery or the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source DU 211.
[0278] FIG. 7C illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a communication process 730 of correlation in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 730 may involve the source DU 211, the source CU 212, the target CU 213, and the target DU 214 as shown in FIG. 2A. It would be appreciated that the process 730 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0279] In the process 730, the source CU 212 sends mobility triggering indication information or mobility assistance information to the source DU 211 at 731.
[0280] At 732, optionally, the target DU 214 determines BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam, or LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam. For example, the target DU 214 determines BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam, if a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery is different from the target beam for LTM cell switch. For example, the target DU 214 determines LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam, if a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery is different from the target beam for LTM cell switch.
[0281] In some examples, if the failure is caused due to the target DU 214 provides a wrong candidate beam list, the target DU 214 is responsible for MRO optimization (e.g. modify the candidate beam (s) for LTM preparation) . It should be noted that this example is not illustrated in FIG. 7C.
[0282] In some examples, if the failure is caused due to a wrong beam among candidate beam list is selected for LTM cell switch, the target DU 214 sends the information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery or the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery to the source DU 211 via the target CU 213 and the source CU 212, then the source DU 211 performs MRO analysis.
[0283] At 733, the target DU 214 transmits, and the target CU 213 receives, information associated with the LTM cell switch procedure. The information at 733 may include first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, or second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery. In some examples, the information also indicates to the target CU 213 to forward the information to the source DU 211.
[0284] At 734, the target CU 213 transmits, and the source CU 212 receives, the information. In some examples, the information at 734 also indicates to the source CU 212 to forward the information to the source DU 211.
[0285] At 735, the source CU 212 transmits, and the source DU 211 receives, the information. For example, the information at 733 / 734 / 735 includes information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for beam failure recovery, or information of the beam (e.g. SSB index or TCI state ID) which is used for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery.
[0286] At 736, the source DU 211 may determine the failure cause, or decide whether the first beam or the second beam is included in the mobility assistance information, or whether the first beam or the second beam is that in the mobility triggering indication information.
[0287] In some examples, if the first beam or the second beam is included in the mobility assistance information, then operation 737 including step 7372 will be performed. In some examples, if the first beam or the second beam is not included in the mobility assistance information or is not that in the mobility triggering indication information, then operation 738 including steps 7382 and 7384 will be performed.
[0288] For the case that the source CU 212 sends Mobility Assistance Information to the source DU 211 at 731.
[0289] If the beam for beam failure recovery or the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is included in the Mobility Assistance Information, the source DU 211 identifies the failure is due to wrong beam selection in the source DU 211.
[0290] The source DU 211 performs MRO optimization at 7372. For example, the source DU 211 is responsible for MRO optimization, e.g. to optimize the target beam in LTM Cell Switch Command MAC CE.
[0291] If the beam for beam failure recovery or the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is not included in the Mobility Assistance Information, the source DU 211 identifies the failure is due to wrong Mobility Assistance Information.
[0292] At 7382, the source DU 211 transmits, and the source CU 212 receives, an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong mobility assistance information.
[0293] In addition, the source CU 212 performs MRO optimization at 7384. For example, the source CU 212 is responsible for MRO optimization e.g. to optimize the beam (e.g., SSB index or TCI state) informed to the source DU 211 e.g. in the Mobility Assistance Information.
[0294] For the case that the source CU 212 sends Mobility Triggering Indication Information to the source DU 211 at 731.
[0295] If the beam for beam failure recovery or the beam for RRC reconnection / RRC re-establishment / LTM failure recovery is not the beam included in the Mobility Triggering Indication information, the source DU 211 identifies the failure is due to wrong Mobility Triggering Indication information.
[0296] At 7382, the source DU 211 transmits, and the source CU 212 receives, an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong Mobility Triggering Indication information.
[0297] In addition, the source CU 212 performs MRO optimization at 7384. For example, the source CU 212 is responsible for MRO optimization e.g. to optimize the beam (e.g., SSB index or TCI state) informed to the source DU 211 e.g. in the Mobility Triggering Indication information.
[0298] Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for MRO in an LTM cell switch procedure. In the solution, BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam or LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam or LTM cell switch failure due to outdated TA for inter-CU LTM cell switch procedure can be identified by the target DU; BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam or LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam or LTM cell switch failure due to outdated TA for inter-gNB LTM cell switch procedure can be identified by the target gNB; and BFR shortly after successful LTM cell switch due to the wrong beam or LTM cell switch failure due to wrong beam for L3 based intra-CU LTM cell switch procedure or for L3 based inter-CU LTM cell switch procedure can be identified by the target gNB. As such, the mobility robustness optimisation can be performed by the target DU (or the target gNB) , or a source CU (or a CU in L3 based intra-CU LTM cell switch procedure) , or a source DU (or the source gNB) .
[0299] It should be noted that the processes discussed with reference to FIGS. 4-7C are only for illustration without any limitation. For example, some step (s) in the process 400, 500, 610 / 620 / 630, or 710 / 720 / 730 may be omitted, reordered, modified, or combined, or some further step (s) may be also included, the present disclosure does not limit for this aspect.
[0300] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a device 800 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 800 may be an example of network node (such as a CU, a DU, or a gNB) as described herein. The device 800 may support wireless communication with a source DU, a source CU, a target CU, a target DU, a source gNB, a target gNB, or any combination thereof. The device 800 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 802, a memory 804, a transceiver 806, and, optionally, an I / O controller 808. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0301] The processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0302] In some implementations, the processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 802 and the memory 804 coupled with the processor 802 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 802, instructions stored in the memory 804) .
[0303] For example, the processor 802 may support wireless communication at the device 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 802 may be configured to operable to support a means for operations discussed above.
[0304] The processor 802 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 802 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 802. The processor 802 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 804) to cause the device 800 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0305] The memory 804 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 802 cause the device 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 802 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 804 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0306] The I / O controller 808 may manage input and output signals for the device 800. The I / O controller 808 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 800. In some implementations, the I / O controller 808 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 808 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 808 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 802. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 800 via the I / O controller 808 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 808.
[0307] In some implementations, the device 800 may include a single antenna 810. However, in some other implementations, the device 800 may have more than one antenna 810 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 806 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 810, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 806 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 806 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 810 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 810. The transceiver 806 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0308] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 810 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0309] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 810 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0310] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a processor 900 that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure. The processor 900 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may include a controller 902 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may optionally include at least one memory 904, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 900 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 906. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0311] The processor 900 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0312] The controller 902 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 902 may operate as a control unit of the processor 900, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 900. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0313] The controller 902 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 904 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 902 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 904. The controller 902 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 902 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 902 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 900. The controller 902 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 900.
[0314] The memory 904 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 900 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 904 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 900) . In some other implementations, the memory 904 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 900) .
[0315] The memory 904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 900, cause the processor 900 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 902 and / or the processor 900 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 904 to cause the processor 900 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 900 and / or the controller 902 may be coupled with or to the memory 904, the processor 900, the controller 902, and the memory 904 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 900 may include multiple processors and the memory 904 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0316] The one or more ALUs 906 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) . One or more ALUs 906 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 906 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 906 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 906 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 906 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0317] The processor 900 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support a means for operations described in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0318] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 performed by a first network node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by the first network node 301 in FIG. 3, which may be any of the source DU 211, the source CU 212, the target CU 213 in FIG. 2A, or the source gNB 221 in FIG. 2B. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0319] At 1010, the method may include receiving, from a second network node, information associated with an LTM cell switch procedure, wherein the information comprises at least one of: first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery, or third information about a TA value used at a successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by the first network node 301 in FIG. 3, which may be any of the source DU 211, the source CU 212, the target CU 213 in FIG. 2A, or the source gNB 221 in FIG. 2B.
[0320] At 1020, the method may include performing an operation associated with the information. The operations of 1020 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1020 may be performed by the first network node 301 in FIG. 3, which may be any of the source DU 211, the source CU 212, the target CU 213 in FIG. 2A, or the source gNB 221 in FIG. 2B.
[0321] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 performed by a second network node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by the second network node 302 in FIG. 3, which may be the target DU 214, the target DU 215 in FIG. 2A, or the target gNB 222 in FIG. 2B. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0322] At 1110, the method may include determining information associated with an LTM cell switch procedure. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by the second network node 302 in FIG. 3, which may be the target DU 214, the target DU 215 in FIG. 2A, or the target gNB 222 in FIG. 2B.
[0323] At 1120, the method may include transmitting, to a first network node, the information, wherein the information comprises at least one of: first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery, second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery, or third information about a TA value used at a successful RACH-based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery. The operations of 1120 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by the second network node 302 in FIG. 3, which may be the target DU 214, the target DU 215 in FIG. 2A, or the target gNB 222 in FIG. 2B.
[0324] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0325] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0326] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0327] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0328] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0329] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first network node comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first network node to:receive, from a second network node, information associated with a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedure, wherein the information comprises at least one of:first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery,second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery, orthird information about a timing advance (TA) value used at a successful random access channel (RACH) -based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery; andperform an operation associated with the information.2.The first network node of claim 1, wherein,the first network node is a source central unit (CU) and the second network node is a target CU, orthe first network node is a source base station and the second network node is a target base station.3.The first network node of claim 2, wherein the information further comprises at least one of:a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node user equipment (UE) Xn application protocol (XnAP) identifier (ID) allocated at the first network node,a NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID allocated at the second network node, ora source cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) .4.The first network node of claim 2 or 3, wherein the information is carried in at least one of:an Xn message,an access and mobility indication message, ora UE context release message.5.The first network node of claim 1, wherein,the first network node is a source CU and the second network node is a target CU in an L3 based inter-CU LTM procedure, or the first network node is a CU and the second network node is a target DU in an L3 based intra-CU LTM procedure.6.The first network node of claim 5, wherein the information further comprises:an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong beam selection.7.The first network node of claim 6, wherein at least one processor is further configured to cause the first network node to:transmit, to a source DU, the information.8.The first network node of claim 5 or 6, wherein the information further comprises:an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong mobility assistance information, oran indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong mobility triggering indication information.9.The first network node of any of claims 1 or 5-8, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first network node to:transmit, to the second network node, at least one of:mobility assistance information, ormobility triggering indication information.10.The first network node of any of claims 5-7, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first network node to:in accordance with a determination that the first beam or the second beam is comprised in mobility assistance information, determine that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong beam selection.11.The first network node of claim 5, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first network node to:in accordance with a determination that the first beam or the second beam is not comprised in mobility assistance information, determine that the mobility assistance information is wrongly selected; orin accordance with a determination that the first beam or the second beam is different from that comprised in mobility triggering indication information, determine that the mobility triggering indication information is wrongly selected.12.The first network node of claim 1, wherein,the first network node is a source DU, andthe second network node is a source CU in an L3 based inter-CU LTM procedure or is a CU in an L3 based intra-CU LTM procedure.13.The first network node of claim 12, wherein the information further comprises:an indication indicating that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong beam selection.14.The first network node of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first network node to:in accordance with a determination that the first beam or the second beam is comprised in mobility assistance information, determine that a failure happened in the LTM cell switch procedure is due to wrong beam selection.15.The first network node of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first network node to:in accordance with a determination that the first beam or the second beam is not comprised in mobility assistance information, determine that the mobility assistance information is wrongly selected; andtransmit, to the second network node, an indication indicating that the mobility assistance information is wrongly selected.16.The first network node of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first network node to:in accordance with a determination that the first beam or the second beam is different from that comprised in mobility triggering indication information, determine that the mobility triggering indication information is wrongly selected; andtransmit, to the second network node, an indication indicating that the mobility triggering indication information is wrongly selected.17.The first network node of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first network node to:receive, from the second network node, at least one of:mobility assistance information, ormobility triggering indication information.18.A second network node comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second network node to:determine information associated with a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedure; andtransmit, to a first network node, the information, wherein the information comprises at least one of:first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery,second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery, orthird information about a timing advance (TA) value used at a successful random access channel (RACH) -based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery.19.A method performed by a first network node, comprising:receiving, from a second network node, information associated with a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedure, wherein the information comprises at least one of:first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery,second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery, orthird information about a timing advance (TA) value used at a successful random access channel (RACH) -based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery; andperforming an operation associated with the information.20.A method performed by a second network node, comprising:determining information associated with a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedure; andtransmitting, to a first network node, the information, wherein the information comprises at least one of:first information about a first beam which is used for beam failure recovery,second information about a second beam which is used for reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery, orthird information about a timing advance (TA) value used at a successful random access channel (RACH) -based access while performing reconnection, re-establishment, or LTM failure recovery.