R2d transmission
R2D transmissions in A-IoT systems are optimized through frequency domain multiplexing and time domain sweeping on sub-channels with guard bands, improving communication efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LENOVO (BEIJING) LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing R2D transmissions in ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) face inefficiencies and challenges that need to be addressed for improved communication efficiency.
Implementing R2D transmissions on sub-channels with frequency domain multiplexing and time domain sweeping, including guard bands and predefined or preconfigured sub-channels, to enhance communication efficiency.
Enhances communication efficiency by optimizing R2D transmissions through frequency domain multiplexing and time domain sweeping, addressing inefficiencies in A-IoT systems.
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Figure CN2025108927_21052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
R2D TRANSMISSIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to reader to device (R2D) transmissions.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] In recent years, the ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) has attracted much attention in the wireless communication world. To improve the communication efficiency, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is considered for the R2D transmissions for the A-IoT. However, there are still some issues for R2D transmissions to be addressed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support R2D transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0005] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, performing at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on one or more sub-channels, and receiving at least one device to reader (D2R) transmission during an A-IoT inventory procedure.
[0006] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by performing at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on multiple sub-channels.
[0007] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain, and a R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission may indicate at least one of the following: a time offset between end time of the R2D transmission and start time of a resource for a message 1 (MSG1) transmission; a time offset between end time of the R2D transmission and end time of a last R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission; or an index of a sub-channel for performing the R2D transmission.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more sub-channels may be pre-defined or preconfigured, the one or more sub-channels may be multiplexed in frequency domain, and there may be a guard band between two adjacent sub-channels among the one or more sub-channels.
[0009] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first message may comprise at least one paging message, and some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by one of the following: performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain; performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel; or performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first message may comprise at least one access occasion trigger message, and some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by one of the following: performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain; performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel; performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain; performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels indicated by at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message; or performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels for performing at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first message may comprise at least one random identity (ID) response message, and some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by: performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on one or more sub-channels associated with at least one resource for at least one MSG1 transmission.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a resource for a MSG1 transmission may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels in the case that a number of the at least one resource for the at least one MSG1 transmission is less than or equal to a number of the one or more sub-channels; or multiple resources for multiple MSG1 transmissions may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels in the case that a number of the at least one resource for the at least one MSG1 transmission is greater than a number of the one or more sub-channels.
[0013] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the multiple resources for the multiple MSG1 transmissions may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels, and some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by: performing the multiple R2D transmissions with a same duration.
[0014] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, multiple M values of the multiple R2D transmissions may be the same, and multiple numbers of second devices to be echoed by the multiple R2D transmissions may be the same; a R2D transmission with a shorter duration than a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the multiple R2D transmissions may comprise additional padding to align with the longest duration; or a R2D transmission with a shorter duration than a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the multiple R2D transmissions may comprise at least one repetition of a physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) to align with the longest duration.
[0015] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the multiple resources for the multiple MSG1 transmissions may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels, and an R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission may indicate one of the following: end time of a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the at least one R2D transmission; a difference in duration between the R2D transmission and a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the at least one R2D transmission; or a number of second devices to be echoed by a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the at least one R2D transmission.
[0016] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first message may comprise at least one random ID response message, and some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1 indicating the one or more sub-channels for performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message, and performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by: performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on the one or more sub-channels indicated by the at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1.
[0017] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device may comprise a reader of an A-IoT device, and a second device may comprise an A-IoT device.
[0018] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, receiving, from a first device, at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on one or more sub-channels, and performing, to the first device, at least one D2R transmission during an A-IoT inventory procedure.
[0019] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by: receiving at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on multiple sub-channels.
[0020] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain, and a R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission may indicate at least one of the following: a time offset between end time of the R2D transmission and start time of a resource for a MSG1 transmission; a time offset between end time of the R2D transmission and end time of a last R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission; or an index of a sub-channel for performing the R2D transmission.
[0021] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include determining start time of a resource for a MSG1 transmission based on one of the following: the time offset between the end time of the R2D transmission and the start time of the resource for a MSG1 transmission; the time offset between the end time of the R2D transmission and the end time of a last R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission; or the index of the sub-channel for performing the R2D transmission and a duration of the R2D transmission.
[0022] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more sub-channels may be pre-defined or preconfigured; the one or more sub-channels may be multiplexed in frequency domain; and there may be a guard band between two adjacent sub-channels among the one or more sub-channels.
[0023] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first message may comprise at least one paging message, some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by: receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on one sub-channel selected by the second device from all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain; receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel; or receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain.
[0024] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first message may comprise at least one access occasion trigger message, and some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by one of the following: receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain; receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel; receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain; receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels indicated by at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message; or receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels for receiving at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message.
[0025] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first message may comprise at least one random ID response message, and some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by: receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on one or more sub-channels associated with at least one resource for at least one MSG1 transmission.
[0026] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a resource for a MSG1 transmission may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels in the case that a number of the at least one resource for the at least one MSG1 transmission is less than or equal to a number of the one or more sub-channels; or multiple resources for multiple MSG1 transmissions may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels in the case that a number of the at least one resource for the at least one MSG1 transmission is greater than a number of the one or more sub-channels.
[0027] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the multiple resources for the multiple MSG1 transmissions may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels, and multiple durations of the multiple R2D transmissions may be the same.
[0028] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, at least one of the following: multiple M values of the multiple R2D transmissions may be the same, and multiple numbers of second devices to be echoed by the multiple R2D transmissions may be the same; a R2D transmission with a shorter duration than a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the multiple R2D transmissions may comprise additional padding to align with the longest duration; or a R2D transmission with a shorter duration than a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the multiple R2D transmissions may comprise at least one repetition of a PRDCH to align with the longest duration.
[0029] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the multiple resources for the multiple MSG1 transmissions may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels, and an R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission may indicate one of the following: end time of a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the at least one R2D transmission; a difference in duration between the R2D transmission and a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the at least one R2D transmission; or a number of second devices to be echoed by a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the at least one R2D transmission.
[0030] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first message may comprise at least one random ID response message, and some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to the first device, at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1 indicating the one or more sub-channels for receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message, and receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by:receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on the one or more sub-channels indicated by the at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1.
[0031] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device may comprise a reader of an A-IoT device, and a second device may comprise an A-IoT device.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports R2D transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of an inventory procedure associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 2 illustrates an example signaling chart illustrating an example process that supports R2D transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of sub-channels for R2D transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of R2D transmissions carrying paging messages in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 5A illustrates an example mapping between the MSG1 resource and the R2D sub-channel in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 5B illustrates an example mapping between the MSG1 resource and the R2D sub-channel in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of additional padding of a R2D transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 7 illustrate illustrates an example of a device that support R2D transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 8 illustrate illustrates an example of a processor that support R2D transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports R2D transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports R2D transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0044] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0045] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0046] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0047] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0048] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0049] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0050] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 5G new radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a user equipment and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0051] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a user equipment can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a SMF, an AMF, a PCF, a UPF or devices with same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0052] As used herein, the term “user equipment (UE) ” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a user equipment may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The user equipment may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable user equipment, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture user equipment such as a digital camera, a gaming user equipment, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless user equipment, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “user equipment, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” “user equipment” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0053] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports R2D transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0054] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0055] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0056] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0057] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0058] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0059] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0060] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0061] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0062] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0063] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0064] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0065] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0066] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0067] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0068] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0069] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0070] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0071] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0072] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0073] With the development of communication, the A-IoT is introduced. Study item description (SID) on enhancements for solutions for the A-IoT in NR outdoor for active devices has been agreed. These are three types of A-IoT Devices referred to in the objectives: Device 1, Device 2b, and Device C.
[0074] As standardized in the Rel-19 WI Ambient_IoT_Solutions, Device 1 has a peak power consumption of approximately 1 μW, the energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, neither the R2D nor D2R amplification in the device. The device’s D2R transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.
[0075] Device 2b has a peak power consumption less than or equal to a few hundred μW, energy storage, an intermediate frequency (IF) envelope detector receiver or zero-IF (ZIF) receiver, an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10Y ppm, R2D and / or D2R amplification in the device. The device’s D2R transmission is generated internally by the device.
[0076] Device C has a peak power consumption less than or equal to 1 mW to less than or equal to 10 mW peak power consumption, has energy storage, IF envelope detector receiver or ZIF receiver, an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10Y ppm, R2D and / or D2R amplification in the device. The device’s D2R transmission is generated internally by the device. SFO value 10Y is assumed to be better than any SFO value considered for Device 1 standardized in Rel-19.
[0077] Necessary and feasible changes to the Rel-19 A-IoT specifications are studied to support A-IoT in outdoor scenarios under the following conditions: deployment scenario 4 with topology 1 with no external carrier wave; traffic types DO-DTT, DT, DO-A; representative use cases rUC5 (outdoor inventory) , rUC6 (outdoor sensor) , and rUC8 (outdoor command) ; an assumption that A-IoT BS readers are deployed on the same sites as existing outdoor NR macro BSs; FR1 licensed spectrum in frequency division duplex (FDD) in-band to NR and in standalone bands, with R2D in DL spectrum and D2R in UL spectrum; an assumption of the same air interface for Device 2b and Device C.
[0078] The objectives include studying necessary and feasible changes to the Rel-19 air interface to support the above scenarios. An air interface for device 2b / C studied for outdoor will be reused for supporting device 2b / C in indoor scenarios.
[0079] The objectives further include studying applicability and necessity of Device 2b and Device C to the above scenarios, assuming similar device architectures for Device 2b and Device C; while providing clear differentiation with existing 3GPP LPWA IoT technology and the features of 6G relevant to IoT, studying outcomes may include achievable cell edge data rate assuming maximum distance between Reader and Device of 50-500 m, maximum transmit power between -3 dBm and +5 dBm for device C, RAN1 to recommend feasible values within this range, maximum transmit power of -20 dBm and -10 dBm for device 2b. Study outcome may include assumptions on the energy harvesting / storage used to obtain the reported data rates and this includes the possibility of capturing results using energy harvesting with energy provided by the reader or by other sources.
[0080] The objectives further include defining necessary further evaluation assumptions of deployment scenarios for coverage and coexistence evaluations and defining link budget calculation for coverage.
[0081] R19 A-IoT supports device 1 with deployment scenario 1 with topology 1 (D1T1) . In R20, deployment scenario 4 with topology 1 (D4T1) is the target deployment scenario and topology for the active device. For D1T1, it assumes device density of 1.5 devices per m2. In the evaluation assumptions of R19 A-IoT, there are about 1.5*400=600 devices under each reader’s coverage. However, for D4T1, which is the outdoor scenario, and the coverage of the reader is much larger than the R19 indoor scenario, e.g., a maximum distance between the reader and the device of 50-500 m, even the device density is the same as R19’s , the number of devices will be much larger than R19’s . To reduce the inventory completion time for the outdoor scenario, some enhancements of R19 A-IoT is needed. In R19, R2D transmissions could be only multiplexed in the time domain since only the RF-ED receiver is supported for device 1. However, in R20, the IF-ED receiver / ZIF receiver is supported for the active device. In this sense, FDM of R2D transmissions may be supported for the R20 A-IoT.
[0082] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of an inventory procedure associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1B, the reader transmits R2D transmissions carrying paging message, and the paging message indicates the type of random access, e.g., contention based random access (CBRA) or contention free random access (CFRA) , number of access occasions for CBRA. The device randomly selects an access occasion and performs a D2R transmission carrying MSG1 in the corresponding selected access occasion. The subsequent procedures within the access occasion, e.g., MSG2 / MSG3, may be performed within the access occasion.
[0083] In R20, the active device with the IF-ED receiver or ZIF receiver may be supported, the device may convert the RF signal to the IF stage or the BB stage, and increase the detection performance. However, the following issues may need to be addressed for the active device with the IF-ED receiver or the ZIF receiver. It is to be addressed which sub-channel / part of the frequency to be filtered out when the active device with the IF-ED receiver or ZIF receiver is performing the R2D reception. It is also to be addressed that different durations for R2D transmissions carrying random ID response messages (i.e., Msg2 in CBRA) and the misalignment of timeline for subsequent D2R transmissions carrying MSG3s.
[0084] In view of the above discussions, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for R2D transmissions. In one aspect of the solution of the present disclosure, a first device performs at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on one or more sub-channels. The first device then receives at least one D2R transmission during an A-IoT inventory procedure. In this way, the R2D transmission may be performed on one or more sub-channels, and thus the efficiency and reliability of the communications is improved. Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2-10.
[0085] FIG. 2 illustrates an example signaling chart illustrating an example process that supports R2D transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 200 may involve the first device 201 and the second device 202. It would be appreciated that although the process 200 is applied in the communication environment 100 of FIG. 1A, this process may be likewise applied to other communication scenarios with similar issues. In some embodiments, the first device may comprise a reader of an A-IoT device, and the second device 202 may comprise the A-IoT device (hereinafter may also be referred to as a device) .
[0086] It is to be understood that the number of the first device 201 or the second device 202 is only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The process 200 may include any suitable number of devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more first devices may be comprised in the process 200.
[0087] In the process 200, the first device 201 performs 210 at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message 215 on one or more sub-channels. On the other side of the communications, the second device may receive the at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on one or more sub-channels from the first device 201.
[0088] The at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message 215 may be transmitted to one or more second devices. For example, the first device 201 may transmit the at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message 215 to one or more second devices comprising the second device 202.
[0089] From the system perspective, there may be multiple R2D transmission sub-channels. In some embodiments, the one or more sub-channels may be multiplexed in frequency domain, and there may be a guard band between two adjacent sub-channels among the one or more sub-channels. In addition, the one or more sub-channels may be pre-defined or preconfigured.
[0090] As shown in FIG. 3, a guard band may exist between two adjacent R2D transmission sub-channels. For an active device with the IF-ED receiver or the ZIF receiver, the IF filter or BB filter may filter out one R2D transmission on one sub-channel.
[0091] For performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the first device 201 may perform at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on multiple sub-channels.
[0092] On the other side of the communications, for receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the second device 202 may receive at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on multiple sub-channels.
[0093] In some embodiments, the at least one first message may comprise at least one paging message, at least one access occasion trigger message, or at least one random ID response message.
[0094] In the case that the at least one first message is at least one paging message, in some embodiments, for performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the first device 201 may perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain.
[0095] On the side of the communication, the second device 202 may select one sub-channel from all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain. Then the second device 202 may receive the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on the selected sub-channel.
[0096] In an example, a reader (i.e., the first device 201) transmits multiple R2D transmissions on all sub-channels, which are frequency division multiplexed (FDMed) . The device (i.e., the second device 202) may randomly select one sub-channel to be filtered out with the IF filter or the BB filter.
[0097] In some alternative embodiments, for performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the first device 201 may perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain (also referred to as sub-channel sweeping) .
[0098] The MSG1 resources are associated with the corresponding R2D transmission. If the first device 201 performs the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain, the timeline of associated MSG1 resource may be defined. The following examples may be used to enhance the timeline for MSG1 resource determination.
[0099] In the first example, a R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission may indicate a time offset between the end time of the R2D transmission and the start time of a resource for a MSG1 transmission. In other words, each R2D transmission may indicate the time offset between the end of the current R2D transmission and the start of the MSG1 resource.
[0100] In the second example, a time offset between the end time of the R2D transmission and the end time of a last R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission. Since the time offset between R2D transmission and the first MSG1 resource (i.e., Toffset1) has been defined, each R2D transmission may indicate one additional time offset for the determination of the MSG1 resource. In other words, each R2D transmission may indicate the time offset between the end of the current R2D transmission and the end of the last R2D transmission (e.g., Toffset) . As shown in FIG. 4, each R2D transmission on one sub-channel may indicate Toffset, and for devices which receive the R2D transmission on this sub-channel could determine the MSG1 resource with Toffset and Toffset1 which is same as in R19 A-IoT. The Toffset could be indicated with the granularity of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol.
[0101] In the third example, an R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission may indicate an index of a sub-channel for performing the R2D transmission. In other words, each R2D transmission may indicate the sub-channel index, and the second device 202 may derive the MSG1 resource based on the sub-channel index and the duration of the R2D transmission. In this case, the total number of sub-channels could be pre-defined or fixed.
[0102] On the other side of the communication, the second device 202 may receive the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in the time domain.
[0103] Additionally, the second device 202 may further determine start time of a resource for a MSG1 transmission based on the time offset between the end time of the R2D transmission and the start time of the resource for a MSG1 transmission, the time offset between the end time of the R2D transmission and the end time of a last R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission, or the index of the sub-channel for performing the R2D transmission and a duration of the R2D transmission.
[0104] In an example, as shown in FIG. 4, there are 4 sub-channels. The first R2D transmission may indicate a sub-channel index of 0, the second R2D transmission may indicate a sub-channel index of 1, and so on. After receiving the R2D transmission with sub-channel index equals to X, the second device 202 may determine the starting of MSG1 resource by: starting of MSG1 resource = (3-X) *Duration of R2D + Toffset1 (1)
[0105] In some alternative embodiments, for performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the first device 201 may perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel.
[0106] On the other side of the communication, the second device 202 may receive the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel.
[0107] For example, the sub-channel on the lowest frequency or central frequency may be used as the default sub-channel to transmit a R2D transmission carrying the paging message. In this case, the second device 202 may also filter out the default sub-channel with the IF filter or BB filter when it attempts to receive the R2D transmission carrying the paging message.
[0108] In the case that the at least one first message is at least one access occasion trigger message, in some embodiments, for performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the first device 201 may perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain.
[0109] On the other side of the communication, for receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the second device 202 may receive the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain.
[0110] In alternative some embodiments, for performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the first device 201 may perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel.
[0111] On the other side of the communication, for receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the second device 202 may receive the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel.
[0112] In alternative some embodiments, for performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the first device 201 may perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain.
[0113] On the other side of the communication, for receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the second device 202 may receive the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain.
[0114] In alternative some embodiments, for performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the first device 201 may perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels indicated by at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message.
[0115] On the other side of the communication, for receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the second device 202 may receive the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels indicated by at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message.
[0116] In other words, the R2D transmission carrying a paging message may indicate the sub-channel for subsequent R2D transmissions carrying the access occasion trigger message. In this case, the second device 202 may filter out the indicated sub-channel for the reception of R2D transmission carrying the access occasion trigger message.
[0117] In an example, if all sub-channels are used to transmit R2D transmissions carrying paging messages, and the first device 201 may indicate one sub-channel for subsequent R2D carrying access occasion trigger messages. In this way, the power splitting among multiple FDMed R2D transmissions carrying an access occasion trigger message may be avoided.
[0118] In alternative some embodiments, for performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the first device 201 may perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels for performing at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message.
[0119] On the other side of the communication, for receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the second device 202 may receive the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels for receiving at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message.
[0120] In an example, the R2D transmission carrying the access occasion trigger message may be transmitted on the same sub-channel as the previous sub-channel on which the second device 202 has detected R2D carrying a paging message. In this case, the second device 202 may use the same sub-channel (s) for receiving the R2D transmissions carrying the paging message and subsequent R2D transmissions carrying access occasion trigger message.
[0121] In the case that the at least one first message is at least one random ID response message, in some embodiments, for performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the first device 201 may perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on one or more sub-channels associated with at least one resource for at least one MSG1 transmission.
[0122] On the other side of the communication, for receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels, the second device may receive the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on one or more sub-channels associated with at least one resource for at least one MSG1 transmission.
[0123] In other words, the channel for R2D carrying a random ID response message (i.e., the Msg2 in CBRA) is associated with the MSG1 resource.
[0124] Considering the number of MSG1 resources and the number of FDMed R2D sub-channels, if the number of the at least one resource for the at least one MSG1 transmission is less than or equal to the number of the one or more sub-channels, a resource for a MSG1 transmission corresponds to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels. If the number of the at least one resource for the at least one MSG1 transmission is greater than the number of the one or more sub-channels, multiple resources for multiple MSG1 transmissions correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels.
[0125] The D2R resources may be multiplexed in the time domain and the frequency domain. X values indicate the number of occasions in the time domains, and Y values indicate the number of occasions in frequency domains. For example, X=1 or 2 indicate one or two occasions in the time domain, and there may be 1<=Y<=8 occasions in frequency domain.
[0126] For 1-to-1 mapping between the MSG1 resource and the R2D sub-channel, two mapping rules could be considered. As shown in FIG. 5A, there are 4 MSG1 resources (X=2, Y=2) and 6 sub-channels for R2D transmission.
[0127] In the rule of frequency domain to time domain, the MSG1 transmissions may first be mapped to sub-channels in a sequential order in the frequency domain. For example, MSG1#0 maps to sub-channel#0, MSG1#2 maps to sub-channel#1, MSG1#1 maps to sub-channel#2, MSG1#3 maps to sub-channel#3.
[0128] In the rule of time domain to frequency domain, the MSG1 transmissions may first be mapped to sub-channels in a sequential order in the time domain. For example, MSG1#0 maps to sub-channel#0, MSG1#1 maps to sub-channel#1, MSG1#2 maps to sub-channel#2, MSG1#3 maps to sub-channel#3.
[0129] For many-to-1 mapping between the MSG1 resource and the R2D sub-channel, the same rules could be applied as 1 to 1 mapping, i.e., the rule of frequency domain to time domain and the rule of time domain to frequency domain.
[0130] As shown in FIG. 5B, there are 10 MSG1 resources and 6 sub-channels. For one sub-channel, only 1 MSG1 resource may be associated to the sub-channel. For example, MSG1#9 may map to sub-channel#5. For one sub-channel, 2 MSG1 resources may be associated to the sub-channel. For example, MSG1#0 and MSG1#1 may map to sub-channel#0.
[0131] With the above mapping relationships, if the first device 201 detects one MSG1, it may transmit R2D carrying a random ID response message (i.e., the Msg2 in CBRA) on the sub-channel associated with the resource of detected D2R carrying MSG1, and the second device 202 may also try to receive the R2D carrying the random ID response message (i.e., the Msg2 in CBRA) on the associated sub-channel.
[0132] In addition, if the at least one first message is at least one random ID response message, the second device 202 may transmit, to the first device 201, at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1 indicating the one or more sub-channels for receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message. In other words, , the second device 202 may indicate the sub-channel to receive the R2D carrying the random ID response message with a D2R transmission carrying the MSG1.
[0133] On the other side of the communication, the first device 201 may receive at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1 indicating the one or more sub-channels for performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message.
[0134] Based on this, the first device 201 may perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on the one or more sub-channels indicated by the at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1. Correspondingly, the second device 202 may receive the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on the one or more sub-channels indicated by the at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1.
[0135] If many-to-1 mapping between the MSG1 resource and the sub-channel is built, there may be different durations for the R2D transmissions carrying random ID response messages and the misalignment of timeline for subsequent D2R transmissions carrying MSG3. In an example, different numbers of devices are to be echoed on different sub-channels. In addition, if 1-to-1 mapping between the MSG1 resource and the R2D sub-channel is built, there has no above issues.
[0136] In order to solve the above issues, if multiple resources for multiple MSG1 transmissions correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels, the first device 201 may perform the multiple R2D transmissions with the same duration. In other words, the first device 201 may ensure the same duration of FDMed R2D transmissions carrying random ID response messages.
[0137] In order to perform the multiple R2D transmissions with the same duration, multiple M values of the multiple R2D transmissions may be the same, and multiple numbers of second devices to be echoed by the multiple R2D transmissions may be the same.
[0138] In addition, a R2D transmission with a shorter duration than a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the multiple R2D transmissions may comprise additional padding to align with the longest duration. As shown in FIG. 6, the longer padding of the shorter R2D transmission may be used to align its duration to the longest duration of the R2D transmission. With the additional paddings, all the FDMed R2D transmissions may be ensured to have the same ending time, and the misalignment of the timeline may be avoided.
[0139] Additionally, a R2D transmission with a shorter duration than a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the multiple R2D transmissions may comprise at least one repetition of a PRDCH to align with the longest duration.
[0140] In other words, for one R2D transmission with a shorter duration, the first device 201 may repeat the PRDCH transmission to align the duration with the longest R2D transmission. For example, the longest R2D transmission may echo two devices, and one R2D transmission may only echo 1 device, then the first device 201 may repeat the PRDCH two times for this R2R transmission.
[0141] In some embodiments, if the multiple resources for the multiple MSG1 transmissions correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels, in order to perform the multiple R2D transmissions with a same duration, an R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission may indicate end time of a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the at least one R2D transmission, a difference in duration between the R2D transmission and a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the at least one R2D transmission, or a number of second devices to be echoed by a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the at least one R2D transmission. E. g., the maximum number of devices to be echoed on the longest R2D transmission.
[0142] With this indication indicated in the R2D transmission, the second device 202 may derive the ending of the longest R2D transmission, and determine the starting of the MSG3 resource. In addition, the indication may be with the granularity of the OFDM symbol.
[0143] Continuing with reference to FIG. 2, after receiving 220 the at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message 215 on one or more sub-channels from the first device 201, the second device 202 performs 225 at least one D2R transmission 230 during an A-IoT inventory procedure to the first device 201. On the other side of the communication, the first device 201 receives 235 the at least one D2R transmission 230 during an A-IoT inventory procedure.
[0144] With the example embodiments described above, the sub-channels for the R2D transmission may be determined by the second device. For R2D transmissions carrying random ID response messages, durations of the R2D transmissions are aligned, and the misalignment of the timeline for subsequent D2R transmissions carrying MSG3s is avoided.
[0145] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a device 700 that supports R2D transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 700 may be an example of a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein. The device 700 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 700 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 702, a memory 704, a transceiver 706, and, optionally, an I / O controller 708. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0146] The processor 702, the memory 704, the transceiver 706, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 702, the memory 704, the transceiver 706, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0147] In some implementations, the processor 702, the memory 704, the transceiver 706, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 702 and the memory 704 coupled with the processor 702 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 702, instructions stored in the memory 704) .
[0148] In an example, the processor 702 may support wireless communication at the device 700 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 702 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing, via the transceiver, at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on one or more sub-channels; and means for receiving at least one D2R transmission during an A-IoT inventory procedure. The processor 702 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 900.
[0149] In another example, the processor 702 may support wireless communication at the device 700 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 702 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, via the transceiver from a first device, at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on one or more sub-channels; and a means for performing, to the first device, at least one D2R transmission during an A-IoT inventory procedure. The processor 702 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1000.
[0150] The processor 702 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 702 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 702. The processor 702 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 704) to cause the device 700 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0151] The memory 704 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 702 cause the device 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 702 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 704 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0152] The I / O controller 708 may manage input and output signals for the device 700. The I / O controller 708 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 708 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 708 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 708 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 706. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 700 via the I / O controller 708 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 708.
[0153] In some implementations, the device 700 may include a single antenna 710. However, in some other implementations, the device 700 may have more than one antenna 710 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 706 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 710, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 706 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 706 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 710 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 710. The transceiver 706 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0154] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 710 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0155] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 710 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0156] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a processor 800 that supports R2D transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 800 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 800 may include a controller 802 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 800 may optionally include at least one memory 804. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 800 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 800. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0157] The processor 800 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 800) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0158] The controller 802 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 800 to cause the processor 800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 802 may operate as a control unit of the processor 800, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 800. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0159] The controller 802 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 804 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 802 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 804. The controller 802 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 802 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 800 to cause the processor 800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 802 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 800. The controller 802 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 800.
[0160] The memory 804 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 800 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 804 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 800) . In some other implementations, the memory 804 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 800) .
[0161] The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 800, cause the processor 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 802 and / or the processor 800 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 804 to cause the processor 800 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization ) . For example, the processor 800 and / or the controller 802 may be coupled with or to the memory 804, the processor 800, the controller 802, and the memory 804 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 800 may include multiple processors and the memory 804 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0162] The one or more ALUs 800 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 800 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 800) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 800 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 800) . One or more ALUs 800 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 800 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 800 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 800 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 800 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0163] The processor 800 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 800 may be configured to or operable to support a means for performing at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on one or more sub-channels; and means for receiving at least one D2R transmission during an A-IoT inventory procedure. The processor 800 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 900.
[0164] The processor 800 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a first device, at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on one or more sub-channels; and means for performing, to the first device, at least one D2R transmission during an A-IoT inventory procedure. The processor 800 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1000.
[0165] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 that supports R2D transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0166] At 905, the method may include performing at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on one or more sub-channels. The operations of 905 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 905 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0167] At 910, the method may include receiving at least one D2R transmission during an A-IoT inventory procedure. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0168] In some embodiments, the one or more sub-channels may be pre-defined or preconfigured; the one or more sub-channels may be multiplexed in frequency domain, and there may be a guard band between two adjacent sub-channels among the one or more sub-channels.
[0169] In some embodiments, the method may further include performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by: performing at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on multiple sub-channels.
[0170] In some embodiments, the at least one first message may comprise at least one paging message, and the method may further include performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by one of the following: performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain; performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel; or performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain.
[0171] In some embodiments, the method may further include performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain, and a R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission may indicate at least one of the following: a time offset between end time of the R2D transmission and start time of a resource for a message 1 (MSG1) transmission; a time offset between end time of the R2D transmission and end time of a last R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission; or an index of a sub-channel for performing the R2D transmission.
[0172] In some embodiments, the at least one first message may comprise at least one access occasion trigger message, and the method may further include performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by one of the following: performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain; performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel; performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain; performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels indicated by at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message; or performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels for performing at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message.
[0173] In some embodiments, the at least one first message may comprise at least one random ID response message, and the method may further include performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by:performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on one or more sub-channels associated with at least one resource for at least one MSG1 transmission.
[0174] In some embodiments, a resource for a MSG1 transmission may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels in the case that a number of the at least one resource for the at least one MSG1 transmission is less than or equal to a number of the one or more sub-channels; or multiple resources for multiple MSG1 transmissions may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels in the case that a number of the at least one resource for the at least one MSG1 transmission is greater than a number of the one or more sub-channels.
[0175] In some embodiments, the multiple resources for the multiple MSG1 transmissions may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels, and the method may further include performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by: performing the multiple R2D transmissions with a same duration.
[0176] In some embodiments, at least one of the following: multiple M values of the multiple R2D transmissions may be the same, and multiple numbers of second devices to be echoed by the multiple R2D transmissions may be the same; a R2D transmission with a shorter duration than a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the multiple R2D transmissions may comprise additional padding to align with the longest duration; or a R2D transmission with a shorter duration than a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the multiple R2D transmissions may comprise at least one repetition of a PRDCH to align with the longest duration.
[0177] In some embodiments, the multiple resources for the multiple MSG1 transmissions may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels, and an R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission may indicate one of the following: end time of a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the at least one R2D transmission; a difference in duration between the R2D transmission and a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the at least one R2D transmission; or a number of second devices to be echoed by a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the at least one R2D transmission.
[0178] In some embodiments, the at least one first message may comprise at least one random ID response message, and the method may further include receiving at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1 indicating the one or more sub-channels for performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message, and performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by: performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on the one or more sub-channels indicated by the at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1.
[0179] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device may comprise a reader of an A-IoT device, and a second device may comprise an A-IoT device.
[0180] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 that supports R2D transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0181] At 1005, the method may include receiving, from a first device, at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on one or more sub-channels. The operations of 1005 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0182] At 1010, the method may include performing, to the first device, at least one D2R transmission during an A-IoT inventory procedure. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0183] In some embodiments, the one or more sub-channels may be pre-defined or preconfigured; the one or more sub-channels may be multiplexed in frequency domain; and there may be a guard band between two adjacent sub-channels among the one or more sub-channels.
[0184] In some embodiments, the method may further include receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by: receiving at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on multiple sub-channels.
[0185] In some embodiments, the at least one first message may comprise at least one paging message, the method may further include receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by: receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on one sub-channel selected by the second device from all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain; receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel; or receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain.
[0186] In some embodiments, the method may further include receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain, and a R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission may indicate at least one of the following: a time offset between end time of the R2D transmission and start time of a resource for a MSG1 transmission; a time offset between end time of the R2D transmission and end time of a last R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission; or an index of a sub-channel for performing the R2D transmission.
[0187] In some embodiments, the method may further include determining start time of a resource for a MSG1 transmission based on one of the following: the time offset between the end time of the R2D transmission and the start time of the resource for a MSG1 transmission; the time offset between the end time of the R2D transmission and the end time of a last R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission; or the index of the sub-channel for performing the R2D transmission and a duration of the R2D transmission.
[0188] In some embodiments, the at least one first message may comprise at least one access occasion trigger message, and the method may further include receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by one of the following: receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain; receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel; receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain; receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels indicated by at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message; or receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels for receiving at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message.
[0189] In some embodiments, the at least one first message may comprise at least one random ID response message, and the method may further include receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by: receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on one or more sub-channels associated with at least one resource for at least one MSG1 transmission.
[0190] In some embodiments, a resource for a MSG1 transmission may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels in the case that a number of the at least one resource for the at least one MSG1 transmission is less than or equal to a number of the one or more sub-channels; or multiple resources for multiple MSG1 transmissions may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels in the case that a number of the at least one resource for the at least one MSG1 transmission is greater than a number of the one or more sub-channels.
[0191] In some embodiments, the multiple resources for the multiple MSG1 transmissions may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels, and multiple durations of the multiple R2D transmissions may be the same.
[0192] In some embodiments, multiple M values of the multiple R2D transmissions may be the same, and multiple numbers of second devices to be echoed by the multiple R2D transmissions may be the same; a R2D transmission with a shorter duration than a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the multiple R2D transmissions may comprise additional padding to align with the longest duration; or a R2D transmission with a shorter duration than a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the multiple R2D transmissions may comprise at least one repetition of a PRDCH to align with the longest duration.
[0193] In some embodiments, the multiple resources for the multiple MSG1 transmissions may correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels, and an R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission may indicate one of the following: end time of a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the at least one R2D transmission; a difference in duration between the R2D transmission and a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the at least one R2D transmission; or a number of second devices to be echoed by a R2D transmission with a longest duration among the at least one R2D transmission.
[0194] In some embodiments, the at least one first message may comprise at least one random ID response message, and the method may further include transmitting, to the first device, at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1 indicating the one or more sub-channels for receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message, and receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by: receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on the one or more sub-channels indicated by the at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1.
[0195] In some embodiments, the first device may comprise a reader of an A-IoT device, and a second device may comprise an A-IoT device.
[0196] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0197] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0198] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0199] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0200] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0201] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first device, comprisinga processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:perform, via the transceiver, at least one reader to device (R2D) transmission with at least one first message on one or more sub-channels; andreceive at least one device to reader (D2R) transmission during an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) inventory procedure.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein:the one or more sub-channels are pre-defined or preconfigured;the one or more sub-channels are multiplexed in frequency domain; andthere is a guard band between two adjacent sub-channels among the one or more sub-channels.3.The first device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the processor is configured to perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by:performing at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on multiple sub-channels.4.The first device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one first message comprises at least one paging message, and the processor is configured to perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by one of the following:performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain;performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel; orperforming the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain.5.The first device of claim 4, wherein the processor is configured to perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain, and a R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission indicates at least one of the following:a time offset between end time of the R2D transmission and start time of a resource for a message 1 (MSG1) transmission;a time offset between end time of the R2D transmission and end time of a last R2D transmission among the at least one R2D transmission; oran index of a sub-channel for performing the R2D transmission.6.The first device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one first message comprises at least one access occasion trigger message, and the processor is configured to perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by one of the following:performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain;performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel;performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain;performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels indicated by at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message; orperforming the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels for performing at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message.7.The first device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one first message comprises at least one random identity (ID) response message, and the processor is configured to perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by:performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on one or more sub-channels associated with at least one resource for at least one MSG1 transmission.8.The first device of claim 7, wherein a resource for a MSG1 transmission corresponds to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels in the case that a number of the at least one resource for the at least one MSG1 transmission is less than or equal to a number of the one or more sub-channels; ormultiple resources for multiple MSG1 transmissions correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels in the case that a number of the at least one resource for the at least one MSG1 transmission is greater than a number of the one or more sub-channels.9.The first device of claim 8, wherein the multiple resources for the multiple MSG1 transmissions correspond to a sub-channel among the one or more sub-channels, and the processor is configured to perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by:performing the multiple R2D transmissions with a same duration.10.The first device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one first message comprises at least one random ID response message, and the processor is further configured to:receive at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1 indicating the one or more sub-channels for performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message, andthe processor is configured to perform the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by:performing the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on the one or more sub-channels indicated by the at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1.11.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device comprises a reader of an A-IoT device, and a second device comprises an A-IoT device.12.A second device, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, via the transceiver from a first device, at least one reader to device (R2D) transmission with at least one first message on one or more sub-channels; andperform, to the first device, at least one device to reader (D2R) transmission during an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) inventory procedure.13.The second device of claim 12, whereinthe one or more sub-channels are pre-defined or preconfigured;the one or more sub-channels are multiplexed in frequency domain; andthere is a guard band between two adjacent sub-channels among the one or more sub-channels.14.The second device of claim 12 or 13, wherein the processor is configured to receive the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by:receiving at least one R2D transmission with at least one first message on multiple sub-channels.15.The second device of claim 12 or 13, wherein the at least one first message comprises at least one paging message, the processor is configured to receive the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by:receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on one sub-channel selected by the second device from all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain;receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel; orreceiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one paging message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain.16.The second device of claim 12 or 13, wherein the at least one first message comprises at least one access occasion trigger message, and the processor is configured to receive the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by one of the following:receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on all sub-channels multiplexed in the frequency domain;receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one predefined sub-channel or one preconfigured sub-channel;receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on each sub-channel multiplexed in the frequency domain by sweeping in time domain;receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels indicated by at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message; orreceiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one access occasion trigger message on one or more sub-channels for receiving at least one previous R2D transmission with at least one paging message.17.The second device of claim 12 or 13, wherein the at least one first message comprises at least one random identity (ID) response message, and the processor is configured to receive the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by:receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on one or more sub-channels associated with at least one resource for at least one MSG1 transmission.18.The second device of claim 12 or 13, wherein the at least one first message comprises at least one random ID response message, and the processor is further configured to:transmit, to the first device, at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1 indicating the one or more sub-channels for receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message, andthe processor is configured to receive the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one first message on the one or more sub-channels by:receiving the at least one R2D transmission with the at least one random ID response message on the one or more sub-channels indicated by the at least one D2R transmission with at least one MSG1.19.A method performed by a first device, comprising:performing at least one reader to device (R2D) transmission with at least one first message on one or more sub-channels; andreceiving at least one device to reader (D2R) transmission during an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) inventory procedure.20.A method performed by a second device, comprising:receiving, from a first device, at least one reader to device (R2D) transmission with at least one first message on one or more sub-channels; andperforming, to the first device, at least one device to reader (D2R) transmission during an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) inventory procedure.