Communication method and communication apparatus

Abstract

A communication method and a communication apparatus, relating to the technical field of communications. Specifically, in the method, a terminal sends a first message to a core network element, the first message comprising information used for indicating the state of the terminal, and the state of the terminal being related to quality of experience of the terminal. On the basis of the state of the terminal, the core network element determines an optimization factor that actually needs to be optimized, and performs optimization on the optimization factor, thereby better improving the quality of experience of the terminal.

Description

Communication methods and communication devices

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411650051.9, filed on November 18, 2024, entitled "Communication Method and Communication Apparatus", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a communication method and a communication device. Background Technology

[0003] Currently, when users use applications for business purposes, the application can send quality of experience (QE) information to the Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) through the application server. NWDAF then analyzes this QE information. For example, when a user plays a video using a video application, the application sends QE information to NWDAF through the application server. This QE information includes details such as stuttering and latency during video playback. NWDAF analyzes this QE information and provides corresponding decisions to help resolve issues such as stuttering and high latency during video playback.

[0004] However, the above solutions cannot significantly improve the user experience on the device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a communication method and a communication device that can support a better improvement in the user experience of the terminal.

[0006] In a first aspect, a communication method is provided, comprising: generating a first message, the first message including information for indicating the state of a terminal, the state of which is related to the quality of experience of the terminal; and sending the first message.

[0007] The solution described in the first aspect is executed by a terminal device. The terminal device can be a terminal, a module within a terminal (such as a chip system), or a logical node, logical module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the terminal's functions. The following description uses a terminal as an example.

[0008] In the above scheme, since the terminal's status is related to the terminal's experience quality, when the terminal reports its status information to the core network element, this can support the core network element in determining the factors that actually need to be optimized based on the terminal's status and optimizing those factors, thereby better ensuring the terminal's experience quality.

[0009] In some implementations of the first aspect, the state of the terminal includes at least one of the operating system running state of the terminal and the state of the network in which the terminal is located.

[0010] When the terminal's state includes the operating system's running state, this allows core network elements to determine whether the terminal's operating system is an optimization factor, i.e., whether the operating system's running state contributes to a decrease in the terminal's user experience. Similarly, when the terminal's state includes the state of the network in which the terminal is located, this allows core network elements to determine whether the network's running state contributes to an optimization factor, i.e., whether the network's running state contributes to a decrease in the terminal's user experience.

[0011] In some implementations of the first aspect, the terminal's operating system state includes one or more of the following: central processing unit load state, system memory load state, or low-power operation state. The network state includes at least one of the following: network congestion state, or insufficient signal coverage state. Thus, based on one or more of the above, this can support core network elements in determining optimization factors.

[0012] In some implementations of the first aspect, the first message also includes terminal experience quality information, which indicates the terminal's experience quality. This allows core network elements to determine the terminal's experience quality based on the terminal's experience quality information.

[0013] In some implementations of the first aspect, the terminal's quality of experience information is determined or identified by the terminal's operating system. This reduces application complexity; for example, the application does not need to have the functionality to obtain quality of experience information.

[0014] In some implementations of the first aspect, the terminal's experience quality information includes at least one of the following: lag information, latency information, packet loss rate, bit error rate, or ambiguity information. This allows core network elements to determine the terminal's experience quality based on one or more of the above.

[0015] In some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes: sending a second message, the second message including information indicating that the terminal supports reporting the terminal's status; and receiving a third message, the third message including information indicating that the network supports the terminal reporting the first message. Based on the above process, the terminal and core network elements can interact regarding the capability information of the first message.

[0016] In some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes: receiving a first parameter, the first parameter being used to optimize the user experience quality of the terminal; and executing the first parameter. This can thus support improvements in the user experience quality of the terminal.

[0017] In some implementations of the first aspect, the first parameter includes at least one of the following: operating system optimization instructions, network optimization instructions, or user package information. This can improve the user experience of the terminal.

[0018] In some implementations of the first aspect, the operating system optimization instruction information includes at least one of the following: central processing unit load allocation information, system memory load allocation information, or low-power operation adjustment information. Thus, this can improve the user experience of the terminal by optimizing the operating system's operating state.

[0019] In some implementations of the first aspect, the network optimization indication information includes at least one of the following: quality of service update information, slice handover information, cell handover information, radio access technology handover information, or network handover information. Thus, this can improve the terminal's quality of experience by optimizing the network in which the terminal is located.

[0020] In some implementations of the first aspect, the user plan information includes recommended user plans or web links to recommended user plans. Thus, the user experience on the terminal can be improved by changing the terminal's user plan.

[0021] In a second aspect, a communication method is provided, comprising: generating a first message, the first message including at least one of the following: information indicating that the network where the terminal is located is congested; or, information indicating that the signal coverage of the network is insufficient, the network being related to the quality of experience of the terminal; and sending the first message.

[0022] The solution described in the second aspect can be executed by a terminal device, which can be a terminal, a module within a terminal (such as a chip system), or a logical node, logical module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the terminal's functions. The following description uses a terminal as an example.

[0023] In the above scheme, when the terminal determines that the network it is in is related to the terminal's experience quality, the terminal reports information to the core network element indicating that the network is congested or that the network has insufficient signal coverage. This can help the core network element determine the actual factor that needs to be optimized based on the first message, which is the network where the terminal is located, and then optimize the network to better improve the terminal's experience quality.

[0024] In some implementations of the second aspect, generating the first message includes: generating the first message based on the state information of the network. The state information of the network includes at least one of the following: bit error rate, signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, or packet loss rate. Based on one or more of the above, the terminal can determine whether the network in which the terminal is located is a factor causing a degradation in the terminal's experience quality.

[0025] In some implementations of the second aspect, generating the first message based on network state information includes: if the network state information includes signal strength, and the signal strength is greater than a signal strength threshold while the terminal's experience quality is lower than the threshold, the first message includes information indicating network congestion; or, if the signal strength is less than the signal strength threshold, the first message includes information indicating insufficient network signal coverage. Thus, the terminal can determine whether the network it is in is a factor causing a decline in its experience quality based on the above scheme.

[0026] In some implementations of the second aspect, generating the first message based on network state information includes: if the network information includes a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greater than a SNR threshold and the terminal's experience quality is lower than the threshold, the first message includes information indicating network congestion; or, if the SNR is lower than the SNR threshold, the first message includes information indicating insufficient network signal coverage. Thus, the terminal can determine whether the network it is in is a factor causing a decline in its experience quality based on the above scheme.

[0027] In some implementations of the second aspect, the method further includes: receiving a first parameter, the first parameter being used to optimize the user experience quality of the terminal; and executing the first parameter. This can thus support improvements in the user experience quality of the terminal.

[0028] In some implementations of the second aspect, the first parameter includes at least one of the following: network optimization instruction information and user package information. This can support improvements in the user experience of the terminal.

[0029] In some implementations of the second aspect, the network optimization indication information includes at least one of the following: quality of service update information, slice handover information, cell handover information, radio access technology handover information, or network handover information. Thus, this can improve the terminal's experience quality by optimizing the network in which the terminal is located.

[0030] In some implementations of the second aspect, the user plan information includes recommended user plans or web links to such recommended plans. This allows for improvements to the user experience on the terminal by changing the user plan.

[0031] Thirdly, a communication method is provided, comprising: determining a first parameter, the first parameter being used to optimize the user experience quality of a terminal, the first parameter including at least one of the following: operating system optimization instruction information, network optimization instruction information, and user package information; and sending the first parameter.

[0032] The solution described in the third aspect can be executed by core network elements, or by modules within core network elements (such as chip systems), or by logical nodes, logical modules, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of core network elements. The following description uses core network elements as an example.

[0033] Through the above scheme, core network elements can improve the terminal's user experience by using operating system optimization instructions, network optimization instructions, and user package information.

[0034] In some implementations of the third aspect, determining the first parameter includes: receiving a first message, the first message including information indicating the state of the terminal, the state of the terminal being related to the terminal's experience quality; and determining the first parameter based on the first message. Thus, the core network element determines the factors that actually need optimization based on the terminal's state, and then optimizes those factors to better improve the terminal's experience quality.

[0035] In some implementations of the third aspect, the operating system optimization instruction information includes at least one of the following: central processing unit load allocation information, system memory load allocation information, or low-power operation adjustment information. For a detailed description, please refer to the description of the beneficial effects in the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0036] In some implementations of the third aspect, the network optimization indication information includes at least one of the following: quality of service update information, slice handover information, cell handover information, radio access technology handover information, or network handover information. For a detailed description, please refer to the description of the beneficial effects in the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0037] In some implementations of the third aspect, the user package information includes recommended user packages or web links to such recommended packages. For a detailed description, please refer to the description of the beneficial effects in the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0038] In some implementations of the third aspect, the first message also includes terminal experience quality information, which is used to indicate the terminal's experience quality. For a detailed description, please refer to the description of the beneficial effects of the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0039] In some implementations of the third aspect, the terminal's experience quality information includes at least one of the following: lag information, latency information, packet loss rate, bit error rate, or ambiguity information. For a detailed description, please refer to the description of the beneficial effects in the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0040] In some implementations of the third aspect, determining the first parameter based on the first message includes: sending the first parameter based on the terminal's user subscription information and the first message, whereby the terminal's user subscription information indicates the service level agreement (SLA) level subscribed to by the terminal. This can thus support a better improvement in the terminal's user experience.

[0041] In some implementations of the third aspect, the method further includes: updating the experience quality model of the core network element according to the first message to obtain an updated experience quality model. Thus, after the core network element updates its local experience quality model according to the first message, the core network element accurately determines the information used to indicate the quality of the terminal's experience based on the terminal's experience quality information and the updated experience quality model, and the accuracy of this information is consistent with the information determined by the terminal to indicate the quality of the terminal's experience.

[0042] Fourthly, a communication method is provided, comprising: receiving a first message, the first message including at least one of the following: information indicating that the network where the terminal is located is congested; or, information indicating that the signal coverage of the network is insufficient, the network being related to the terminal's quality of experience; and sending a first parameter according to the first message, the first parameter being used to optimize the terminal's quality of experience.

[0043] The solution described in the fourth aspect can be executed by core network elements, or by modules within core network elements (such as chip systems), or by logical nodes, logical modules, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of core network elements. For ease of description, the following description uses core network elements as an example.

[0044] For a description of the beneficial effects in the fourth aspect, please refer to the description of the beneficial effects in the second aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0045] In some implementations of the fourth aspect, the first parameter includes at least one line of network optimization instruction information and user package information.

[0046] In some implementations of the fourth aspect, the network optimization indication information includes at least one of the following: quality of service update information, slice handover information, cell handover information, radio access technology handover information, or network handover information.

[0047] In some implementations of the fourth aspect, the user package information includes recommended user packages or web links to recommended user packages.

[0048] Fifthly, a communication method is provided, comprising: receiving a first message, the first message including information for indicating the state of a terminal, the state of which is related to the quality of experience of the terminal; and updating the quality of experience model of a core network element according to the first message to obtain an updated quality of experience model.

[0049] The solution described in the fifth aspect can be executed by core network elements, or by modules within core network elements (such as chip systems), or by logical nodes, logical modules, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of core network elements. The following description uses core network elements as an example.

[0050] After the core network element updates its local experience quality model based on the first message, the core network element accurately determines the information used to indicate the quality of the terminal's experience based on the terminal's experience quality information and the updated experience quality model, and the accuracy of this information is consistent with the information determined by the terminal to indicate the quality of the terminal's experience.

[0051] In some implementations of the fifth aspect, the terminal's state includes at least one of the following: the terminal's operating system running state and the state of the network in which the terminal is located; the terminal's operating system running state includes one or more of the following: central processing unit load state, system memory load state; or, low-power operation state; the network state includes at least one of the following: network congestion state, or, insufficient signal coverage state. For a detailed description, please refer to the description of the beneficial effects in the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0052] In some implementations of the fifth aspect, the first message also includes terminal experience quality information, which is used to indicate the terminal's experience quality. For a detailed description, please refer to the description of the beneficial effects of the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0053] In some implementations of the fifth aspect, the terminal's experience quality information includes at least one of the following: lag information, latency information, packet loss rate, bit error rate, or ambiguity information. For a detailed description, please refer to the description of the beneficial effects in the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0054] In a sixth aspect, a communication method is provided, comprising: generating a first message, the first message being used to request the configuration of a first parameter, the first parameter being used to adjust the network in which the terminal is located, the first parameter including at least one of the following: network optimization instruction information and user package information, the network being related to the terminal's experience quality; and sending the first message.

[0055] The solution described in the sixth aspect can be executed by a terminal device. The terminal device can be a terminal, a module within a terminal (such as a chip system), or a logical node, logical module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the terminal's functions. The following description uses a terminal as an example.

[0056] In the above scheme, when the terminal determines that the network it is in is related to the terminal's experience quality, the terminal can determine the first parameter for adjusting the network and request the configuration of the first parameter from the core network element. In this way, it can support the optimization of factors that actually need to be optimized, thereby better improving the terminal's experience quality.

[0057] In some implementations of the sixth aspect, generating the first message includes: generating the first message based on the state information of the network. The state information of the network includes at least one of the following: bit error rate, signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, or packet loss rate. For a detailed description, please refer to the description of the beneficial effects in the second aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0058] In some implementations of the sixth aspect, generating the first message based on network state information includes: if the network state information includes signal strength, which is greater than a signal strength threshold and the terminal's experience quality is lower than the threshold, the first message includes information indicating network congestion; or, if the signal strength is less than the signal strength threshold, the first message includes information indicating insufficient network signal coverage. For a detailed description, please refer to the description of the beneficial effects in the second aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0059] In some implementations of the sixth aspect, generating the first message based on network state information includes: the network state information including a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greater than a SNR threshold and the terminal's experience quality lower than the threshold, wherein the first message includes information indicating network congestion; or, the SNR is less than the SNR threshold, wherein the first message includes information indicating insufficient network signal coverage. For a detailed description, please refer to the description of the beneficial effects in the second aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0060] In some implementations of the sixth aspect, the method further includes: receiving the first parameter; and executing the first parameter. This can, in turn, support improvements to the user experience on the terminal.

[0061] In some implementations of the sixth aspect, the network optimization indication information includes at least one of the following: quality of service update information, slice handover information, cell handover information, radio access technology handover information, or network handover information. For details, please refer to the description of the beneficial effects of the corresponding scheme in the second aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0062] In some implementations of the sixth aspect, the user plan information includes recommended user plans or web links to such recommendations. This allows for improvements to the user experience on the terminal by changing the user plan.

[0063] A seventh aspect provides a communication method, comprising: receiving a first message, the first message being used to request the configuration of a first parameter, the first parameter being used to adjust the network in which the terminal is located, the first parameter including at least one of the following: network optimization instruction information and user package information, the network being related to the terminal's experience quality; and sending the first parameter to the terminal.

[0064] The solution described in the seventh aspect can be executed by core network elements, or by modules within core network elements (such as chip systems), or by logical nodes, logical modules, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of core network elements. For ease of description, the following description uses core network elements as an example.

[0065] In the above scheme, when the terminal determines that the network it is in is related to the terminal's experience quality, the terminal can determine the first parameter on its own. This can support the optimization of factors that actually need to be optimized, thereby better improving the terminal's experience quality.

[0066] In some implementations of the seventh aspect, the network optimization indication information includes at least one of the following: quality of service update information, slice handover information, cell handover information, radio access technology handover information, or network handover information. For details, please refer to the description of the beneficial effects of the corresponding scheme in the second aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0067] In some implementations of the seventh aspect, the user plan information includes recommended user plans or web links to such recommendations. This allows for improvements to the user experience on the terminal by changing the terminal's user plan.

[0068] Eighthly, a communication device is provided, which may be a terminal, or a device or module for performing terminal functions.

[0069] One possible implementation is that the communication device includes a module or unit for performing the aforementioned terminal-related methods. This module or unit can be a hardware circuit, software, or a combination of hardware circuitry and software implementation.

[0070] For example, the communication device includes a transceiver unit and a processing unit.

[0071] Ninthly, a communication device is provided, which may be a core network element, or a device or module for performing core network element functions.

[0072] One possible implementation is that the communication device includes a module or unit for performing the aforementioned methods related to core network elements. The module or unit can be hardware circuitry, software, or a combination of hardware circuitry and software implementation.

[0073] For example, the communication device includes a transceiver unit and a processing unit.

[0074] In a tenth aspect, a communication device is provided, including a processor, which is configured to cause the communication device to perform the aforementioned terminal-related methods or, via logic circuitry, the aforementioned core network element-related methods by executing computer programs or instructions or by executing logic circuitry.

[0075] In one possible implementation, the communication device also includes a memory for storing the computer program or instructions.

[0076] In one possible implementation, the communication device also includes a communication interface for inputting and / or outputting signals.

[0077] Eleventhly, a communication device is provided, including a logic circuit and an input / output interface, wherein the input / output interface is used to input and / or output signals, and the logic circuit is used to execute the aforementioned terminal-related method, or the logic circuit is used to execute the aforementioned core network element-related method.

[0078] In a twelfth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program or instructions are stored, which, when executed on a computer, cause the aforementioned terminal-related method or core network element-related method to be executed.

[0079] In a thirteenth aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the aforementioned terminal-related method or core network element-related method to be executed.

[0080] In a fourteenth aspect, a chip or chip system is provided, including one or more processors, the processors being configured to execute computer programs or instructions in a memory, such that the chip or chip system implements the aforementioned terminal-related methods or core network element-related methods.

[0081] In a fifteenth aspect, a communication system is provided, including a terminal and a core network element. The terminal is used to perform the aforementioned terminal-related methods, and the core network element is used to perform the aforementioned core network element-related methods.

[0082] For a description of the beneficial effects of any of the eighth to fifteenth aspects, please refer to the description of the beneficial effects of the first to seventh aspects, which will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0083] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of application scenario 100 of an embodiment of this application.

[0084] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system 200 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0085] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the interaction flow of the communication method 300 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0086] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the interaction flow of the communication method 400 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0087] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the interaction flow of the communication method 500 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0088] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the interaction flow of the communication method 600 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0089] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the interaction flow of the communication method 700 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0090] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the interaction flow of the communication method 800 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0091] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the interaction flow of the communication method 900 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0092] Figure 10 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1000 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0093] Figure 11 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1100 according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0094] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the following points will be explained first.

[0095] 1. Unless otherwise stated, “at least one” means “one or more”.

[0096] 2. Unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions in different embodiments of this application are consistent and can be referenced in each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

[0097] III. The various numerical designations used in this application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The magnitude of the serial numbers used in this application does not imply a sequential order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic. For example, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and other various terminology (if present) in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. Such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0098] Furthermore, any embodiment or design described in this application as "exemplary" or "for example" should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner for ease of understanding.

[0099] IV. The terms “comprising” and “having” and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are expressly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not expressly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product or device.

[0100] V. In this application, "for instruction" can be understood as "enabling," and "enabling" includes direct enabling and indirect enabling. When describing information for enabling A, it may include whether the information directly enables A or indirectly enables A, and does not necessarily mean that the information carries A.

[0101] The information that enables the information is called the information to be enabled. In the specific implementation process, there are many ways to enable the information to be enabled, such as, but not limited to, directly enabling the information to be enabled, such as the information to be enabled itself or its index. It can also be indirectly enabled by enabling other information, where there is a relationship between the other information and the information to be enabled. It can also enable only a part of the information to be enabled, while the other parts are known or pre-agreed upon. For example, enabling specific information can be achieved by using a pre-agreed (e.g., protocol-defined) arrangement of various pieces of information, thereby reducing enabling overhead to some extent. Simultaneously, common parts of various pieces of information can be identified and enabled uniformly to reduce the enabling overhead caused by individually enabling the same information.

[0102] In addition, "instruction" can include direct instruction, indirect instruction, explicit instruction, and implicit instruction. When describing a certain instruction information to indicate A, it can be understood that the instruction information carries A, directly indicates A, or indirectly indicates A.

[0103] In this application, the information indicated by the instruction information is called the information to be instructed. In specific implementations, there are many ways to indicate the information to be instructed, such as, but not limited to, directly indicating the information to be instructed, such as the information to be instructed itself or its index. It can also indirectly indicate the information to be instructed by indicating other information, where there is a relationship between the other information and the information to be instructed. It can also indicate only a part of the information to be instructed, while the other parts are known or pre-agreed upon. For example, the instruction of specific information can be achieved by using a pre-agreed (e.g., protocol-defined) arrangement of various pieces of information, thereby reducing instruction overhead to some extent. Furthermore, the information to be instructed can be sent as a whole or divided into multiple sub-information pieces, and the sending period and / or timing of these sub-information pieces can be the same or different.

[0104] VI. In this application, "pre-configuration" may include pre-defined terms, such as protocol definitions. These "pre-defined terms" can be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other means of indicating relevant information in the device (e.g., including various network elements). This application does not limit the specific implementation method.

[0105] VII. The term "storage" or "preservation" in this application can refer to storage in one or more memory devices. These memory devices can be separately configured or integrated into an encoder, decoder, processor, or communication device. Alternatively, some memory devices can be separately configured, while others can be integrated into a decoder, processor, or communication device. The type of memory can be any form of storage medium, and this is not limited.

[0106] 8. The “protocol” used in this application may refer to standard protocols in the field of communications, such as fourth-generation (4G) network protocols, fifth-generation (5G) network protocols, and related protocols applied in future communication networks, without limitation.

[0107] 9. The arrows or boxes indicated by dashed lines in the schematic diagrams in the accompanying drawings of this application represent optional steps or optional modules.

[0108] 10. Unless otherwise stated, " / " indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B can mean A or B. In this application, "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between the related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. A and B can be singular or plural.

[0109] XI. In this application, "send" and "receive" indicate the direction of signal transmission. For example, "send information to XX" can be understood as the destination of the information being XX, which may include direct transmission via the air interface or indirect transmission via the air interface from other units or modules. "Receive information from YY" can be understood as the source of the information being YY, which may include direct reception from YY via the air interface or indirect reception from YY via the air interface from other units or modules. "Send" can be understood as the "output" of a chip interface, and "receive" can be understood as the "input" of a chip interface. In other words, sending and receiving can occur between devices, such as between network devices and terminal devices, or within a device, such as between components, modules, chips, software modules, or hardware modules within the device via a bus, wiring, or interface.

[0110] The following section first describes the application scenarios to which the technical solution provided in this application is applicable.

[0111] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of application scenario 100 of this application embodiment. As shown in Figure 1, users can perform or execute various operations through the terminal and obtain corresponding experiences (which can also be understood as user experience).

[0112] For example, a user runs an application (APP) through a terminal, such as a video application or an audio application, and gets the experience of that APP. For example, a user gets the experience of playing a video in a video application, such as whether there is any lag or delay.

[0113] For example, a user runs a Quality of Service (QoS) stream through a terminal, such as a QoS stream for video services or a QoS stream for audio services, and gets the experience of that QoS stream, such as whether there is any lag or latency.

[0114] For example, a user runs a data network name (DNN) through a terminal, such as the DNN corresponding to a video service or the DNN corresponding to an audio service, and obtains the experience of that DNN, such as whether there is any stuttering, whether there is any latency, and the number of stutters.

[0115] For example, when a user runs a service through a terminal, such as IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) service, Multimedia Message Service (MMS) service, Internet service, downlink streaming service, uplink streaming service, real-time gaming service, video service, audio service, mission-critical user plane push-to-talk voice, non-mission-critical user plane push-to-talk voice, mission-critical video user plane, and mission-critical delay-sensitive signaling, the user can obtain the experience of the service, such as whether there is lag, latency, and the number of times lag occurs.

[0116] For example, users can obtain corresponding experiences by running network slices through their terminals, such as whether there is lag, latency, and the number of times lag occurs.

[0117] For example, users can obtain corresponding experiences by running protocol data units (PDUs) on their terminals, such as whether there is lag, latency, and the number of times lag occurs.

[0118] In summary, users obtain corresponding experiences by performing or running various operations through a terminal. The experience gained by users when performing various operations through a terminal (such as using an app, QoS stream, DNN, PDU, network slice, or service) can be collectively referred to as the terminal experience. As described in the background section, to improve the terminal experience quality, the application (as an example only) sends experience quality information to the NWDAF through the application server. The NWDAF analyzes this experience quality information and provides corresponding decisions to improve the terminal's experience quality.

[0119] However, the above-mentioned solutions cannot effectively improve the user experience of the terminal. For example, NWDAF cannot determine whether the factor affecting the user experience is the network or the terminal itself, based on the user experience information reported by the application server. Therefore, the decisions made by NWDAF based on the analysis of user experience information cannot effectively improve the user experience. For instance, the decisions made by NWDAF based on the analysis of user experience information may be used to optimize the network, but the network is not a factor causing the decline in the user experience. In view of this, this application provides a communication system and communication method that can better improve the user experience of the terminal. A description of this communication system can be found in Figure 2.

[0120] Referring to Figure 2, which is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system 200 according to an embodiment of this application, the communication system 200 includes a terminal 210 and a core network element 220, and the terminal 210 and the core network element 220 interact with each other. The terminal 210 includes an operating system and an application (a general term for an application, which can be understood as an entity used to perform user operations, such as an application for playing video or audio), and there is information interaction between the operating system and the application of the terminal 210.

[0121] Terminal 210 is a device with wireless transceiver capabilities, including but not limited to: user equipment (UE), access terminal, subscriber unit, user station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, wireless communication equipment, user agent, or user device.

[0122] Terminal 210 can also be a satellite phone, cellular phone, smartphone, wireless data card, wireless modem, machine-type communication device, cordless phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, personal digital assistant (PDA), customer-premises equipment (CPE), point-of-sale (POS) machine, handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle device, communication device mounted on an aircraft, wearable device, drone, robot, terminal in device-to-device (D2D) communication, terminal in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, virtual reality (VR) terminal device, augmented reality (AR) terminal device, wireless terminal in industrial control, wireless terminal in self-driving, or telemedicine / telehealth. Wireless terminals in services, smart grids, transportation safety, smart cities, smart homes, or communication networks evolving after 5G are not subject to any restrictions.

[0123] Terminal 210 can also be a device with communication functions in a future communication network, and there is no limitation on the specific form of terminal 210.

[0124] The communication device used to implement the functions of terminal 210 can be a terminal device or a device capable of supporting terminal 210 in implementing these functions, such as a chip system. This device can be installed in the terminal device or used in conjunction with the terminal device. In this application, the chip system can be composed of chips or can include chips and other discrete components.

[0125] Core network element 220 is a network element with analytical functions. For example, core network element 220 can be an NWDAF; or a policy control function (PCF); or an operation administration and maintenance (OAM); or a session management function (SMF); or an access and mobility management function (AMF), etc. These network elements may have different names in different communication networks (including 5G networks and future communication networks). This application does not limit the specific form of core network element 220.

[0126] As shown in Figure 1, the user operates on the target object through terminal 210. This target object includes, but is not limited to, APP, PDU, DNN, network slice, QoS flow, and services. For ease of description, the user's experience when operating on the target object through terminal 210 can be collectively referred to as the terminal 210 experience. The terminal 210 experience can also be understood as the experience when terminal 210 runs, uses, or executes the target object (including one or more of the aforementioned APP / PDU / DNN / QoS flow / service / network slice), or alternatively, the terminal 210 experience can be understood as the experience of the target object. To further improve the terminal's experience quality, the terminal 210 and the core network element 220 can exchange information as follows:

[0127] Option 1:

[0128] Terminal 210 sends a first message to core network element 220. The first message includes information indicating the state of terminal 210. The state of terminal 210 affects the user experience of terminal 210, or the state of terminal 210 is related to the quality of experience of terminal 210. For example, different states of terminal 210 are associated with different qualities of experience of terminal 210, or the state of terminal 210 is a factor that causes a decrease in the quality of experience of terminal 210. Core network element 220 determines a first parameter based on the first message (this can be replaced with other terms, such as first optimization strategy, optimization information, or optimization parameters, etc., which are not limited here).

[0129] One possible implementation is that the state of terminal 210 includes one or more of the following: the operating system running state of terminal 210 and the state of the network where terminal 210 is located (hereinafter collectively referred to as network 1).

[0130] For example, the first message includes network status information of terminal 210. This network status information indicates the state of network 1, and the state of network 1 is related to the experience quality of terminal 210. For instance, network 1 may be a factor causing a decrease in the experience quality of terminal 210; or, when terminal 210 is on network 1, state 1 of network 1 causes a decrease in the experience quality of terminal 210; or, state 2 of network 1 improves the experience quality of terminal 210. Furthermore, the state of network 1 can be understood as the state of network 1 in which terminal 210 is located when running the target object.

[0131] One possible implementation is that the state of network 1 includes at least one of the following: network congestion state and insufficient signal coverage state.

[0132] Specifically, terminal 210 determines the state of network 1 based on its network status information, which includes at least one of the following: bit error rate, signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, or packet loss rate.

[0133] For example, the network status information of terminal 210 includes signal strength. When the signal strength is greater than a signal strength threshold and the experience quality of terminal 210 is less than the threshold, terminal 210 determines that network 1 is in a congested state. Alternatively, if the signal strength is less than the signal strength threshold, terminal 210 determines that network 1 is in a state of insufficient signal coverage.

[0134] For example, the network status information of terminal 210 includes the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). When the SNR is greater than a threshold and the user experience of terminal 210 is less than the threshold, terminal 210 determines that network 1 is in a congested state. Alternatively, if the SNR is less than the threshold, terminal 210 determines that network 1 has insufficient signal coverage.

[0135] For example, the first message includes operating system information of terminal 210, which indicates the operating system running status of terminal 210, and the operating system running status of terminal 210 is related to the experience quality of terminal 210, or the operating system information of terminal 210 indicates the operating system running status of terminal 210 when running the target object.

[0136] One possible implementation is that the operating system running state of terminal 210 includes at least one of the following:

[0137] Central processing unit (CPU) load status;

[0138] System memory load status, or,

[0139] Low power consumption operation mode.

[0140] For example, the operating system information of terminal 210 includes CPU load information, which is used to indicate the CPU load status of terminal 210, such as the percentage of CPU usage when terminal 210 is running the target object.

[0141] For example, the operating system running information of terminal 210 includes system running memory load information, which is used to indicate the system running memory load status of terminal 210, such as the percentage of remaining memory.

[0142] For example, the operating system running information of terminal 210 includes low-power event information, which is used to indicate the low-power operating state of terminal 210, such as the time during which terminal 210 is in the low-power operating state.

[0143] For example, the operating system running information of terminal 210 may also include the memory information allocated by the operating system to the APP (the operating system will adjust the allocated memory when memory is insufficient, and the ratio between the memory previously used by the APP and the memory that can be allocated now).

[0144] For example, the operating system running information of terminal 210 may also include information on events that reduce UE capabilities due to high operating temperature;

[0145] For example, the operating system running information of terminal 210 may also include foreground application information, such as the number and type of apps running in the foreground and the specific business type being executed.

[0146] The above description uses the operating system information of terminal 210, including the original information, as an example. The operating system information of terminal 210 may also include numerical values ​​or other forms of information. These numerical values ​​or other forms of information are determined based on one or more of the foregoing information. These numerical values ​​or other forms of information can represent the overall operating status of the operating system of terminal 210. For example, when the value is 40, it can indicate that the CPU of terminal 210 is running busy; or when the value is 70, it can indicate that the CPU of terminal 210 is running normally, and so on.

[0147] Core network element 220 determines the state of terminal 210 based on the first message, and then determines factors related to optimizing the user experience of terminal 210 based on the state of terminal 210. When it is determined that the operating system of terminal 210 is not related to the optimization of the user experience of terminal 210, core network element 220 determines network 1 as an optimization factor and can determine strategies for optimizing or adjusting network 1, thereby improving the user experience of terminal 210. When it is determined that the operating system of terminal 210 is related to the optimization of the user experience of terminal 210, core network element 220 provides optimization suggestions for the operating system of terminal 210, thereby improving the user experience of terminal 210.

[0148] For example, the determination that the operating system of terminal 210 is unrelated to the optimization of the user experience of terminal 210 includes, but is not limited to: if the core network element 220 determines, based on the CPU load information of terminal 210, that the CPU utilization rate of terminal 210 when running the target object is less than 65%, then the core network element 220 can determine that the operating system of terminal 210 is unrelated to the optimization of the user experience of terminal 210; or, if the core network element 220 determines, based on the system running memory load information of terminal 210, that the remaining memory ratio of terminal 210 when running the target object is greater than 40%, then the core network element 220 can determine that the operating system of terminal 210 is unrelated to the optimization of the user experience of terminal 210; or, if the core network element 220 determines, based on the network information of terminal 210, that network 1 is in a network congestion state, then network 1 can be determined as an optimization factor; or, if the core network element 220 determines, based on the network information of terminal 210, that network 1 is in a state of insufficient signal coverage, then network 1 can be determined as an optimization factor.

[0149] For example, the determination that the operating system of terminal 210 is related to the optimization of the user experience of terminal 210 includes, but is not limited to: if the core network element 220 determines that the CPU utilization rate of terminal 210 when running the target object is greater than 95% based on the CPU load information of terminal 210, then the core network element 220 can determine that the operating system of terminal 210 is related to the optimization of the user experience of terminal 210; or, if the core network element 220 determines that the remaining memory ratio of terminal 210 when running the target object is less than 5% based on the system running memory load information of terminal 210, then the core network element 220 can determine that the operating system of terminal 210 is related to the optimization of the user experience of terminal 210; or, if the core network element 220 determines that network 1 is not in a state of network congestion based on the network information of terminal 210, then the operating system of terminal 210 can be determined as an optimization factor; or, if the core network element 220 determines that network 1 is not in a state of insufficient signal coverage based on the network information of terminal 210, then the operating system of terminal 210 can be determined as an optimization factor.

[0150] Based on Scheme 1, the core network element 220 determines the optimization factors according to the first message and formulates corresponding strategies accordingly, thereby enabling better improvement of the terminal's experience quality.

[0151] Option 2:

[0152] Terminal 210 sends a first message to core network element 220. The first message includes at least one of the following: information indicating that network 1 is congested; or information indicating that the signal coverage of network 1 is insufficient. Network 1 is related to the experience quality of terminal 210. Core network element 220 determines a first parameter based on the first message.

[0153] Specifically, terminal 210 determines that factors related to optimizing the user experience of terminal 210 include network 1. Terminal 210 indicates to core network element 220 via a first message that network 1 is related to optimizing the user experience of terminal 210, or indicates that network 1 is a factor that needs optimization or adjustment. In this way, core network element 220 determines to adjust network 1 based on the first message and determines the corresponding strategy, thereby improving the user experience of terminal 210.

[0154] One possible implementation involves terminal 210 determining factors related to optimizing its user experience, including its operating system and network 1. Terminal 210 then sends a first message to core network element 220, and terminal 210 adjusts or optimizes its operating system's running state independently. This allows core network element 220 to optimize network 1, and terminal 210 to locally optimize its operating system's running state, thereby improving the user experience of terminal 210.

[0155] Based on scheme 2, the core network element 220 determines network 1 as an optimization factor according to the first message. As a result, the core network element 220 formulates a strategy to optimize network 1, thereby enabling better improvement of the terminal's experience quality.

[0156] Option 3:

[0157] Terminal 210 sends a first message to core network element 220. The first message is used to request the configuration of a first parameter. The first parameter is used to adjust or optimize network 1. Core network element 220 determines the first parameter based on the first message.

[0158] Terminal 210 determines the factors that need to be optimized. When it determines that network 1 is a factor that improves the user experience of terminal 210, terminal 210 sends a message to core network element 220 to request the configuration of the first parameter. Core network element 220 determines the first parameter according to the instruction of terminal 210, which can improve the user experience of the terminal.

[0159] Based on scheme 3, the core network element 220 determines the first parameter according to the first message, thereby supporting a better improvement in the terminal's experience quality.

[0160] In summary, core network element 220 determines the first parameter (which can also be replaced with other terms, such as optimization information, strategy, or optimization parameters); core network element 220 sends the first parameter to terminal 210. Specifically, core network element 220 can determine the first parameter based on the first message or information obtained from the base station. For example, core network element 220 obtains the network status information of the cell where terminal 210 is located from the base station, determines the network status of the cell based on this information, and determines whether there is network congestion or insufficient signal coverage in the cell, and formulates the first parameter accordingly. See the description below for details.

[0161] In summary, compared to existing NWDAF solutions that analyze application-uploaded experience quality information and provide corresponding decisions, the embodiments of this application can support the optimization of factors affecting the terminal's experience quality, thereby better improving the terminal's experience quality.

[0162] For ease of description, Scheme 1 will be further described below with reference to Figures 3 and 4, Scheme 2 will be further described with reference to Figures 5 and 6, and Scheme 3 will be further described with reference to Figures 7 and 8.

[0163] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the interaction flow of the communication method 300 according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3, the communication method 300 includes:

[0164] S301 and terminal 210 generate a first message. This first message includes, but is not limited to:

[0165] The first message includes the operating system information of terminal 210 (used to indicate the operating system running status of terminal 210), and / or,

[0166] The first message includes network status information of terminal 210 (used to indicate the status of network 1).

[0167] For a description of the first message, please refer to the aforementioned description of Scheme 1, which will not be repeated here. The first message may include the names of other messages, such as user experience messages.

[0168] In one example, when the first message includes the operating system information of terminal 210, terminal 210 obtains the operating system information when running the target object; that is, terminal 210 determines the first message when running the target object. For example, the operating system of terminal 210 may collect information such as CPU core load, operating frequency, whether there are information events that cause changes in UE capabilities due to high temperature, memory load, low power consumption state, and the size of each data stream buffer queue when running the target object.

[0169] In another example, when the first message includes the network status information of terminal 210, terminal 210 obtains the network status information of terminal 210 while running the target object.

[0170] In one possible implementation, the first message also includes experience quality information of terminal 210, which is used to indicate the experience quality of terminal 210. Thus, core network element 220 can determine the experience quality of terminal 210 based on the experience quality information of terminal 210, and determine whether the experience quality of terminal 210 needs to be optimized or improved.

[0171] In this embodiment of the application, the first message including the experience quality information of terminal 210, the first message including the operating system information of terminal 210, and the first message including the network status information of terminal 210 can be decoupled from each other. For example, the first message may only include the experience quality information of terminal 210, or the first message may only include the experience quality information of terminal 210 and the operating system information of terminal 210, etc.

[0172] One possible implementation is that the experience quality information of terminal 210 includes at least one of the following:

[0173] Lag message;

[0174] Packet loss rate;

[0175] Delay information;

[0176] Bit error rate;

[0177] Vague information;

[0178] The window size for data stream processing, or,

[0179] The user experience quality score for terminal 210.

[0180] Stuttering information can be understood as information indicating stuttering events. For example, a stuttering event can be understood as the flow rate of incoming water processed by terminal 210 within a certain period of time being less than a threshold value. Packet loss rate can be understood as the ratio between lost packets and total packets. Latency information can be understood as information indicating that the time difference between sending and receiving a response reaches a threshold value. Bit error rate can be understood as the ratio between bit errors in transmission and the total number of bits transmitted. Ambiguity information can be understood as information indicating ambiguous events. For example, an ambiguous event can be understood as an event where the detected frame rate is less than a threshold value. The window size for data stream processing can be understood as the size of the buffered data. The experience quality score of terminal 210 is determined based on one or more of the aforementioned parameters; specific calculation methods can be found in existing technologies.

[0181] Based on one or more of the above information, this can support the core network element 210 in determining the quality of experience of the terminal 210.

[0182] In addition, if the above information does not support direct reporting, such as due to information sensitivity, it can be converted into a score, value, grade, percentage, or a total value calculated to indicate the quality of experience of the terminal 210.

[0183] One possible implementation is that the experience quality information of terminal 210 is determined or identified by the operating system of terminal 210.

[0184] For example, the operating system of terminal 210 combines video stream decoders and audio stream decoders to analyze different data streams and obtain information such as blurriness, stuttering, and latency. This reduces application complexity; for example, applications do not need to have the function of obtaining experience quality information.

[0185] S302, Terminal 210 sends a first message to core network element 220. Correspondingly, core network element 220 receives the first message.

[0186] Terminal 210 can send the first message to core network element 220 in various ways. For example:

[0187] Method 1:

[0188] Terminal 210 periodically sends the first message to core network element 220. In this way, core network element 220 does not need to frequently send information to terminal 210 to indicate the reporting of the first message, thereby reducing the signaling interaction overhead between terminal 210 and core network element 220.

[0189] Method 2:

[0190] Terminal 210 sends the first message to core network element 220 non-periodically. This allows core network element 220 to obtain the first message at any time, thereby enabling timely optimization of the user experience of terminal 210.

[0191] Method 3:

[0192] When terminal 210 detects a data flow from the target object, it sends a first message to core network element 220.

[0193] Terminal 210 monitors the data flow of the target object. When the data flow of the target object is detected, it indicates that terminal 210 is running the target object. Accordingly, terminal 210 sends the first message to core network element 220.

[0194] Method 4:

[0195] Terminal 210 sends a first message when it determines that the experience quality of terminal 210 is less than a threshold (which can also be understood as the experience quality score of terminal 210 being less than a threshold). For example, if the experience quality of terminal 210 (which can be represented by a score, but is not limited to this) is greater than 80 points (for example only), it indicates a good experience; if the experience quality of terminal 210 is less than 60 points, it indicates a poor experience.

[0196] When terminal 210 is running the target object, terminal 210 acquires its own experience quality information and determines its own experience quality based on this information. When the experience quality of terminal 210 is determined to be less than a threshold, terminal 210 sends a first message to core network element 220. This allows core network element 220 to promptly formulate strategies to improve the experience quality of terminal 210.

[0197] One possible implementation is that the user experience quality of terminal 210 is less than a threshold, including one or more of the following:

[0198] The number of stuttering events detected by terminal 210 (when running the target object) is greater than the first threshold;

[0199] The transmission delay detected by terminal 210 (when running the target object) is greater than the second threshold;

[0200] The number of ambiguous events detected by terminal 210 (when running the target object) is greater than the third threshold;

[0201] The bit error rate detected by terminal 210 (when running the target object) is greater than the fourth threshold; or,

[0202] The number of retransmissions detected by terminal 210 (when running the target object) is greater than the fifth threshold.

[0203] When terminal 210 detects one or more of the above-mentioned items during the execution of the target object, it indicates that the user experience quality of terminal 210 is less than the threshold. Since the calculation of the user experience quality of terminal 210 involves multiple parameters, each parameter has a corresponding weight. Therefore, when the number of stuttering events exceeds the first threshold, it also indicates that the weight of the number of stuttering events in the calculation of the user experience quality of terminal 210 is greater than the first weight threshold (at this time, the user experience quality of terminal 210 is also less than the threshold); when the transmission delay exceeds the second threshold, it also indicates that the weight of the transmission delay in the calculation of the user experience quality of terminal 210 is greater than the second weight threshold (at this time, the user experience quality of terminal 210 is also less than the threshold); when the number of ambiguous events exceeds the third threshold, it also indicates that the weight of the number of ambiguous events in the calculation of the user experience quality of terminal 210 is greater than the third weight threshold (at this time, the user experience quality of terminal 210 is also less than the threshold); when the bit error rate exceeds the fourth threshold, it also indicates that the weight of the bit error rate in the calculation of the user experience quality of terminal 210 is greater than the fourth weight threshold (at this time, the user experience quality of terminal 210 is also less than the threshold); when the number of retransmissions exceeds the fifth threshold, it also indicates that the weight of the number of retransmissions in the calculation of the user experience quality of terminal 210 is greater than the fifth weight threshold (at this time, the user experience quality of terminal 210 is also less than the threshold).

[0204] S303, core network element 220 sends the first parameter to terminal 210 according to the first message. Correspondingly, terminal 210 receives the first parameter.

[0205] The core network element 220 determines the state of the terminal 210 based on the first message, and determines the optimization factors based on the state of the terminal 210.

[0206] For example, the core network element 220 determines, based on the first message, that the operating system of the terminal 210 is running in a state where the number of foreground applications exceeds a threshold, and the total memory occupied by the foreground applications (excluding the application corresponding to the target object) exceeds a total memory threshold, resulting in the total amount of running memory allocated by the operating system of the terminal 210 for the running of the target object being less than a threshold value. Therefore, the core network element 220 determines the operating system of the terminal 210 as an optimization factor.

[0207] For example, the core network element 220 determines, based on the first message, that the operating system of the terminal 210 is in a low-power mode. The core network element 220 determines that the user experience of the terminal 210 is degraded because the terminal 210 is in a low-power mode. Therefore, the core network element 220 determines that the operating system of the terminal 210 is an optimization factor.

[0208] In summary, when the core network element 220 determines that the operating system of the terminal 210 is an optimization factor based on the first message, the first parameter can be used to optimize the operating system of the terminal 210, such as instructing the terminal 210 to allocate more running memory for the target object, or instructing the terminal 210 to run the target object in a non-low power mode.

[0209] The above example describes the core network element 220 determining the operating system of terminal 210 as an optimization factor based on the first message. The following describes the scenario where the core network element 220 determines the operating system of terminal 210 as a non-optimization factor based on the first message.

[0210] For example, based on the first message, core network element 220 determines that the operating system running state of terminal 210 when running the target object is such that the number of foreground applications is less than a threshold, and the total memory occupied by the foreground applications is less than a total memory threshold. Therefore, core network element 220 determines that the operating system of terminal 210 is a non-optimization factor. Correspondingly, core network element 220 determines that network 1 is an optimization factor.

[0211] For example, based on the first message, core network element 220 determines that the operating system of terminal 210 is in a non-low-power mode when running the target object. Therefore, core network element 220 determines that the operating system of terminal 210 is a non-optimization factor. Correspondingly, core network element 220 determines that network 1 is an optimization factor.

[0212] In summary, when the core network element 220 determines that the operating system of the terminal 210 is a non-optimization factor (which can be understood as a factor that does not need to be optimized) based on the first message, the first parameter can be used to optimize network 1, such as indicating the configuration of more network resources.

[0213] For a description of how core network element 220 configures the first parameter for optimizing network 1 based on the first message, please refer to the following text.

[0214] One possible implementation is that the core network element 220 sends a first parameter to the terminal 210 based on the first message, including:

[0215] Based on the first message, it is determined that the experience quality optimization of network 1 and terminal 210 is related, or network 1 is determined to be an optimization factor;

[0216] Based on the user subscription information and the first message of terminal 210, the first parameter is sent to terminal 210. The first parameter is used to adjust network 1. The user subscription information of terminal 210 is used to indicate the service level agreement (SLA) level that terminal 210 has signed up for.

[0217] When the core network element 220 determines that the operating system of the terminal 210 is a non-optimization factor based on the first message, the core network element 220 determines that the experience quality of network 1 is related to that of the terminal 210, that is: the core network element 220 determines to optimize network 1.

[0218] Core network element 220 obtains the user subscription information of terminal 210. The user subscription information of terminal 210 indicates the SLA level subscribed to by terminal 210. The SLA level is related to QoS. Core network element 220 determines policy messages based on the SLA level. For example, core network element 220 determines the SLA level subscribed to by terminal 210 based on the user subscription information of terminal 210, and determines the corresponding QoS information (such as packet delay budget (PDB), packet error rate (PER), guaranteed bit rate (GBR), default priority level, default averaging window, etc.). When it is determined that a higher SLA level can be provided to terminal 210 (the SLA does not exceed the SLA level subscribed to by terminal 210), core network element 220 configures corresponding network optimization instruction information or user package information for terminal 210 based on the SLA level subscribed to by terminal 210 (which can be understood as pushing a new package to the user, which can also be used to optimize network 1).

[0219] Based on the above scheme, the core network element 220 can configure parameters for optimizing the network for the terminal 210.

[0220] One possible implementation is that the core network element 220 sends a policy first parameter to the terminal 210 based on the user subscription information and the first message, including:

[0221] The cell information is determined, which is used to indicate the cell (hereinafter referred to as cell 1) where terminal 210 is located when the experience quality of terminal 210 is less than the threshold;

[0222] The network status information of cell 1 is determined based on the cell information. The network status information of cell 1 is used to indicate the network status of cell 1 when the terminal 210 is running the target object. Alternatively, the network status message of cell 1 is used to indicate the network status of cell 1 when the experience quality of terminal 210 is less than a threshold.

[0223] Based on the network status information of community 1, the user subscription information of terminal 210, and the first message, the first parameter is sent to terminal 210.

[0224] The cell information mentioned above indicates that cell 1 corresponds to network 1. Core network element 220 can obtain cell information from terminal 210 or from access network equipment, without limitation.

[0225] Core network element 220 determines the network status information of cell 1 based on the cell information. The network status information of cell 1 indicates the network status of cell 1 when terminal 210 is running the target object, such as the usage of network resources, whether the terminal access is saturated, whether the access network equipment is operating normally, signal strength, or signal-to-noise ratio. Core network element 220 determines the first parameter based on the network status information of cell 1, the user subscription information of terminal 210, and the first message. For example, core network element 220 determines that the number of network resources allocated to the target object in cell 1 is less than the network resource quantity threshold based on the network status information of cell 1, and determines that the SLA level subscribed by terminal 210 is 10 (the current SLA level used by terminal 210 is 4) based on the user subscription information of terminal 210. Core network element 220 configures a corresponding policy for SLA level 10. This optimization policy is used to optimize the network of cell 1, that is, to optimize network 1, that is, to allocate more network resources in cell 1 when terminal 210 is running the target object.

[0226] Furthermore, core network element 220 determines that network congestion or insufficient signal coverage is the cause of the degraded experience quality of terminal 210. Specifically, core network element 220 obtains information about network congestion or insufficient signal coverage from access network equipment. See Figure 4 for details.

[0227] One possible implementation is that the first parameter may include one or more of the following:

[0228] Operating system optimization instructions (which may be replaced with other terms, such as operating system optimization configuration information, or operating system optimization information, or operating system configuration information, etc., without limitation)

[0229] Network optimization instruction information (which can be replaced with other terms, such as network optimization configuration information, or network optimization information, or network configuration information, etc., without limitation); or,

[0230] User package information (which can be replaced with other terms, such as user package optimization configuration information, or user package optimization information, or user package configuration information, etc., without limitation).

[0231] For example, when the first parameter includes operating system optimization instruction information, the terminal 210 optimizes its operating system according to the operating system instruction information.

[0232] One possible implementation is that the terminal's operating system optimization instruction information includes at least one of the following:

[0233] CPU load distribution information;

[0234] System memory load allocation information, or,

[0235] Low-power operation adjustment information.

[0236] For example, the operating system optimization instruction information includes CPU load allocation information, and the terminal 210 sets a higher CPU frequency for the target object during runtime based on the CPU load allocation information.

[0237] For example, the operating system optimization instruction information includes system running memory load allocation information, and the terminal 210 allocates corresponding system memory to the target object at runtime according to the system running memory load allocation information.

[0238] For example, the operating system optimization instruction information includes low-power operation adjustment information, and the terminal 210 exits the low-power mode when running the target object according to the low-power operation adjustment information.

[0239] For example, when the first parameter includes network optimization indication information, terminal 210 determines the adjustments to network 1 based on the network optimization indication information, such as changing the cell, changing the network slice, or changing the network. Correspondingly, the network optimization indication information includes a new UE route selection policy (URSP) to provide the new slice and the mapping relationship between the new slice and PDUs, etc. Alternatively, the policy message includes replaceable slices, or the network optimization indication information includes information about the new cell, or the network optimization indication information includes new core network parameters, or the network optimization indication information includes new PDU parameters to improve 5QI parameters, etc.

[0240] One possible implementation is that the network optimization instruction information includes at least one of the following:

[0241] QoS update information (which can be understood as including updated parameters such as 5QI, PDB, and GBR);

[0242] Network slice switching information;

[0243] Cell handover information;

[0244] Radio access technology (RAT) switching information; or,

[0245] Network switching information.

[0246] For example, the network optimization instruction information includes QoS update information. The terminal 210 determines the updated QoS parameters based on the QoS update information and runs the target object according to the updated QoS parameters.

[0247] For example, the network optimization instruction information includes slice switching information. The terminal 210 performs slice switching according to the slice switching information and runs the target object using the switched slice.

[0248] For example, the network optimization instruction information includes cell handover information. The terminal 210 performs cell handover based on the cell handover information and runs the target object in the cell after handover.

[0249] For example, the network optimization instruction information includes RAT switching information. The terminal 210 performs RAT switching according to the RAT switching information and runs the target object using the switched RAT.

[0250] For example, the network optimization instruction information includes network switching information. The terminal 210 performs network switching according to the network switching information and uses the switched network to run the target object.

[0251] For example, when the first parameter includes user package information, terminal 210 displays the user package recommended by core network element 220 to the user, so that the user can select a new package, thereby supporting network optimization 1. Correspondingly, the user package information includes a (uniform resource location, URL) link used to display the operator's package details to the user. See Figure 9 for details.

[0252] One possible implementation is that the user plan message includes a recommendation message for the user plan (which can be understood as a new user plan, such as a new data plan) or a web link (such as a URL link) for the user plan recommendation message. In this way, the user experience on the terminal can be improved by changing the user plan on the terminal.

[0253] Optionally, S304 and terminal 210 run the first parameter.

[0254] For details, please refer to the description of the first parameter above, which will not be repeated here.

[0255] Through the above scheme, the core network element 220 determines the optimization factors based on the first message, which can support targeted optimization and thus ensure the quality of terminal experience.

[0256] The communication method 300 will be further described below with reference to Figure 4.

[0257] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the interaction flow of the communication method 400 according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 4, taking the core network element 220 as an NWDAF as an example, the communication method 400 includes:

[0258] S401, Terminal 210 sends a second message to the AMF. Correspondingly, the AMF receives the second message. The second message includes information indicating that Terminal 210 supports reporting the status of Terminal 210.

[0259] For example, the second message may be carried in the UE Capability item of the registration request message, or in the PDU modification request message, or in the 5G session management (SM) capability item of the PDU session establishment request message.

[0260] S402, AMF sends a third message to terminal 210. Correspondingly, terminal 210 receives the third message. The third message includes information instructing the network to support terminal 210 in reporting the first message.

[0261] For example, the third message may be carried in the network feature of the registration acceptance message, or in the PDU Modify command message, or in the PDU Session Establish accept message; there is no limitation on this.

[0262] Based on the above S401 and S402, terminal 210 and AMF can exchange capability information.

[0263] The second and third messages mentioned above are merely examples of message names and are not intended as final limitations. Furthermore, the aforementioned first message may include one or more of the following: terminal 210's experience quality information, terminal 210's operating system information, and terminal 210's network status information, and these may be decoupled from each other.

[0264] S403 and NWDAF send a subscription message to terminal 210. Correspondingly, terminal 210 receives the subscription message. The subscription message is used to request subscription to the first message. Optionally, the subscription message includes identification information of the target object.

[0265] One possible implementation is that NWDAF determines the target object to be monitored and the subscription message based on the user subscription information of terminal 210.

[0266] For example, the NWDAF determines the target object to be monitored based on the user subscription information of terminal 210, and sends a monitoring request to the user plane function (UPF). This monitoring request includes the target object's identification information. The UPF monitors the target object's data flow based on the target object's identification information, and when the target object's data flow is detected, it sends a monitoring response to the NWDAF. This response indicates that the UPF has detected the target object's data flow, and the NWDAF sends the aforementioned subscription message to terminal 210.

[0267] For example, the NWDAF determines the target object to be monitored based on the user subscription information of terminal 210 and directly sends a subscription message to terminal 210. Terminal 210 monitors the data stream of the target object based on the identification information of the target object, and sends a first message to the NWDAF when the data stream of the target object is detected.

[0268] Another possible implementation is that NWDAF determines the target object to be monitored based on the request from terminal 210. For example, terminal 210 sends a request message to NWDAF, which includes the identification information of the target object, and this request message is used to request monitoring the user experience of the target object. In this way, NWDAF determines the aforementioned subscription message based on the request message from terminal 210.

[0269] S404, Terminal 210 sends the first message to NWDAF according to the subscription message. Correspondingly, NWDAF receives the first message.

[0270] Terminal 210 can send the first message directly to NWDAF, or it can send the first message to NWDAF via other network elements (such as data connectivity application framework (DCAF)). There is no limitation on this.

[0271] For example, when the target object is an APP, NWDAF sends a subscription message including the APP's identification information to terminal 210. Terminal 210 monitors the APP's data stream based on the APP's identification information, and when it detects that the APP is generating data stream, terminal 210 sends a first message to NWDAF. The first message may include the target object's identification information, which will not be elaborated further below.

[0272] For example, when the target object is a service, NWDAF sends a subscription message including the service's identification information to terminal 210. Terminal 210 monitors the data flow of the service based on the service's identification information, and when the service's data flow is detected, terminal 210 sends a first message to NWDAF.

[0273] For example, when the target object is a network slice, NWDAF sends a subscription message including the identification information of the network slice to terminal 210. Terminal 210 monitors the PDU corresponding to the network slice according to the identification information of the network slice, and when it detects that a data stream has occurred on the APP corresponding to the slice, terminal 210 sends a first message to NWDAF.

[0274] For example, when the target object is a PDU, the NWDAF sends a subscription message including the identification information of the PDU to the terminal 210. The terminal 210 monitors the data stream of the PDU according to the identification information of the PDU, and when the data stream of the PDU is detected, the terminal 210 sends a first message to the NWDAF.

[0275] For example, when the target object is a QoS stream, the NWDAF sends a subscription message including the identification information of the QoS stream to the terminal 210. The terminal 210 monitors the data stream of the QoS stream according to the identification information of the QoS stream, and when the data stream of the QoS stream is detected, the terminal 210 sends a first message to the NWDAF.

[0276] For a description of how terminal 210 sends the first message to NWDAF in other ways, please refer to methods 1-4 above.

[0277] S405 and terminal 210 send cell information to NWDAF. Correspondingly, NWDAF receives cell information.

[0278] NWDAF obtains the network status information of cell 1 based on the cell information. The network status information of cell 1 can indicate the network status of cell 1 when the target object is running on terminal 210, or it can indicate the network status of cell 1 when the experience quality of terminal 2210 is less than a threshold. For a detailed description, please refer to the description in Figure 3.

[0279] S406 and NWDAF obtain the experience quality information of terminal 210.

[0280] For example, terminal 210 sends the experience quality information of terminal 210 to NWDAF.

[0281] For example, NWDAF obtains the experience quality information of terminal 210 from the APP that supports the target object (which can also be understood as the experience quality information of the target object).

[0282] For example, the NWDAF sends a subscription message containing the identifier information of the target object to the UPF. When the UPF detects the data stream of the target object, it transmits the data stream of the target object to the NWDAF. The NWDAF checks the data affecting user experience, such as packet loss and latency, reported by the UPF to determine whether there is packet loss and whether the latency exceeds the threshold. Alternatively, it can statistically determine the resolution, frame rate, stuttering rate, and interaction latency corresponding to the IP stream based on the IP stream information reported by the UPF. The NWDAF calculates the key quality indicator (KQI) based on the obtained resolution, frame rate, stuttering rate, and interaction latency, and infers the experience quality of terminal 210 (which can also be understood as the experience quality of the target object) based on the KQI. When the NWDAF determines that the experience quality of terminal 210 is less than the threshold, it obtains the operating system information of terminal 210 and the network status information of cell 1, and determines the cause of the decline in the experience quality of terminal 210.

[0283] S407 and NWDAF send the first parameter to terminal 210. Correspondingly, terminal 210 receives the first parameter.

[0284] NWDAF can calculate the user experience quality of terminal 210 based on the user experience quality information and operating system information of terminal 210, and calculate the proportion of factors affecting the user experience quality of terminal 210. When NWDAF determines that the operating system of terminal 210 is a factor affecting the user experience quality of terminal 210, NWDAF formulates a strategy to optimize the operating system of terminal 210. When NWDAF determines that network 1 is a factor affecting the user experience quality of terminal 210, NWDAF formulates a strategy to optimize network 1.

[0285] For example, when NWDAF determines that the operating system of terminal 210 is irrelevant to the quality of experience optimization of terminal 210, NWDAF optimizes the network of cell 1. Additionally, NWDAF determines whether cell 1 has network congestion or insufficient signal coverage based on the network status information of cell 1. NWADF can determine whether network congestion has occurred based on whether the base station resource group cached data exceeds a congestion threshold or whether the number of UEs accessing cell 1 has reached saturation; see existing standards for details. NWDAF can determine whether the aforementioned cell has insufficient signal coverage by judging whether the signal strength of the cell exceeds a threshold; see existing standards for details.

[0286] When NWDAF determines that cell 1 has a network congestion problem, the first parameter is used to resolve the network congestion problem in cell 1, such as configuring new QoS parameters. When NWDAF determines that cell 1 has insufficient signal coverage, the first parameter is used to resolve the insufficient signal coverage problem in cell 1, such as instructing for RAT handover.

[0287] In another example, once NWDAF determines that the operating system of terminal 210 is related to the optimization of the experience quality of terminal 210, NWDAF can optimize the operating system of terminal 210.

[0288] For a description of how NWDAF determines the first parameter, please refer to the description in S303, which will not be repeated here.

[0289] S408, Terminal 210 runs the first parameter.

[0290] For details, please refer to the description in S304, which will not be repeated here.

[0291] S409, Terminal 210 sends a feedback message to NWDAF. Correspondingly, NWDAF receives the feedback message. The feedback message is used to indicate the quality of experience after Terminal 210 executes the first parameter.

[0292] In this way, NWDAF can determine whether to continue optimizing the experience quality of terminal 210 based on the feedback messages sent by terminal 210.

[0293] S410 and NWDAF update the NWDAF experience quality model based on the first message and obtain the updated experience quality model.

[0294] For example, NWDAF uses a first message (which includes the operating system information and experience quality information of terminal 210) to calibrate or update the QoE model of NWDAF so that the value obtained by the QoE model of NWDAF is consistent with the value obtained by the QoE model of terminal 210. For example, NWDAF inputs the operating system information and experience quality information of terminal 210 into the updated QoE model, and the experience quality score of terminal 210 output by the model is consistent with the experience quality score of terminal 210 calculated by terminal 210.

[0295] Through the methods described above, the embodiments of this application can support a better improvement in the user experience quality of the terminal.

[0296] The following section provides a further description of Scheme 2 in conjunction with Figures 5 and 6.

[0297] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the interaction flow of the communication method 500 according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 5, the communication method 500 includes:

[0298] S501, Terminal 210 generates a first message. The first message includes at least one of the following: information indicating that network 1 is congested; or, information indicating that the signal coverage of network 1 is insufficient, where network 1 is related to the experience quality of terminal 210.

[0299] In one example, the first message includes information indicating that congestion has occurred in network 1. Thus, core network element 220 determines to optimize network 1.

[0300] In another example, the first message includes information indicating insufficient signal coverage in network 1. Thus, core network element 220 determines to optimize network 1.

[0301] One possible implementation is that terminal 210 generates a first message, including:

[0302] Determine the state information of network 1, which indicates the state of network 1. The state information of network 1 includes at least one of the following: bit error rate, signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, or packet loss rate;

[0303] The first message is determined based on the status information of network 1.

[0304] In one example, terminal 210 determines that network 1 is related to the quality of experience optimization of terminal 210 based on one or more of the following: bit error rate, signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, or packet loss rate. For example, if the bit error rate is greater than a bit error rate threshold, or the signal strength is less than a signal strength threshold, or the signal-to-noise ratio is less than a signal-to-noise ratio threshold, or the packet loss rate is greater than a packet loss rate threshold, terminal 210 determines network 1 as an optimization factor.

[0305] One possible implementation is that the status information of network 1 includes signal strength, and terminal 210 determines whether network 1 is congested or has insufficient signal coverage based on the signal strength.

[0306] In one example, if the signal strength is greater than a signal strength threshold and the experience quality of terminal 210 is less than the threshold, the first message includes information indicating that network 1 is congested; or, if the signal strength is less than the signal strength threshold, the first message includes information indicating insufficient signal coverage.

[0307] One possible implementation is that the status information of network 1 includes the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and terminal 210 determines whether network 1 is congested or has insufficient signal coverage based on the SNR.

[0308] In one example, if the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is greater than the SNR threshold and the experience quality of terminal 210 is less than the threshold, the first message includes information indicating that network 1 is congested; or, if the SNR is less than the SNR threshold, the first message includes information indicating insufficient signal coverage.

[0309] One possible implementation, where terminal 210 generates the first message, also includes:

[0310] Determine the operating system information of terminal 210;

[0311] Based on the operating system information of terminal 210, it is determined that network 1 is related to the experience quality optimization of terminal 210.

[0312] For example, if terminal 210 determines the operating system running state of terminal 210 when running the target object based on the operating system information of terminal 210, and determines that the operating system running state of terminal 210 when running the target object is normal, terminal 210 determines that the operating system of terminal 210 is not related to the experience quality optimization of terminal 210, then it can be determined that network 1 is related to the experience quality optimization of terminal 210.

[0313] Accordingly, after determining that the operating system of the terminal 210 is unrelated to the experience quality optimization of the terminal 210, the terminal 210 determines the aforementioned network 1 status information and determines the first message based on the aforementioned network 1 status information.

[0314] S502, Terminal 210 sends a first message to core network element 220. Correspondingly, core network element 220 receives the first message.

[0315] One possible implementation is that when terminal 210 determines that its experience quality is less than a threshold, it sends a first message to core network element 220. See Figure 3 for details, which will not be elaborated further.

[0316] S503, core network element 220 sends the first parameter to terminal 210 according to the first message. Correspondingly, terminal 210 receives the first parameter. The first parameter is used to adjust network 1.

[0317] For a description of S503, please refer to the description of S303.

[0318] One possible implementation is that the core network element 220 sends a first parameter to the terminal 210 based on the first message, including:

[0319] Based on the user's subscription information and the first message, the first parameter is sent to the terminal 210.

[0320] After core network element 220 determines that the experience quality optimization of network 1 and terminal 210 is related based on the first message, core network element 22 determines the corresponding first parameter based on the user subscription information of terminal 210. For details, please refer to the description in S303.

[0321] One possible implementation is that the core network element 220 sends a policy message to the terminal 210 based on the first message, including:

[0322] Determine the community information;

[0323] Determine the network status information of cell 1 based on the cell information;

[0324] Based on the network status information of community 1, the user subscription information of terminal 210, and the first message, the first parameter is sent to terminal 210.

[0325] After determining that the experience quality optimization of network 1 and terminal 210 is related based on the first message, core network element 220 obtains the network status information of cell 1, determines the problems existing in cell 1 based on the network status information of cell 1, and determines the corresponding first parameter based on the user subscription information of terminal 210. For details, please refer to the description of S303.

[0326] One possible implementation is that the first parameter may include one or more of the following:

[0327] Network optimization instruction message;

[0328] User package information.

[0329] For a description of the first parameter, please refer to Figure 3, which will not be repeated here.

[0330] Optionally, S504 and terminal 210 run the first parameter.

[0331] For details, please refer to the description in S304, which will not be repeated here.

[0332] Through the above scheme, the core network element 220 determines the relationship between the experience quality optimization of network 1 and terminal 210 based on the first message, and determines the first parameter accordingly. This can support targeted optimization of optimization factors, thereby improving the experience quality of the terminal.

[0333] The method shown in Figure 5 will be further described below with reference to Figure 6.

[0334] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the interaction flow of the communication method 600 according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 6, the core network element 220 includes a PCF. The communication method 600 includes:

[0335] S601, Terminal 210 sends the first message to PCF. Correspondingly, PCF receives the first message.

[0336] The first message includes information indicating that congestion has occurred in network 1. Optionally, the first message may include identification information of the target object.

[0337] S602, PCF sends the first parameter to terminal 210. Correspondingly, terminal 210 receives the first parameter. The first parameter is used to resolve network congestion in network 1.

[0338] Specifically, terminal 210 identifies factors affecting its user experience quality. When it determines that network 1 congestion is causing a decrease in user experience quality, terminal 210 sends a first message to the PCF. The PCF then adjusts its policy based on this first message. Specifically, the PCF queries terminal 210's user subscription information to determine if a network slice with a higher SLA level exists. If such a slice exists, the PCF sends URSP update information (i.e., a policy message) or information indicating mapping to the new network slice (i.e., a first parameter) to terminal 210.

[0339] S603, Terminal 210 runs the first parameter.

[0340] For details, please refer to the description in S304, which will not be repeated here.

[0341] S604, Terminal 210 sends a feedback message to PCF. Correspondingly, PCF receives the feedback message. The feedback message is used to indicate the experience quality after Terminal 210 executes the first parameter. Optionally, the feedback message includes identification information of the target object.

[0342] In this way, PCF can determine whether to continue optimizing the user experience of terminal 210 based on the feedback messages sent by terminal 210.

[0343] Scheme 3 will be described below with reference to Figure 7.

[0344] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the interaction flow of the communication method 700 according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 7, the communication method 700 includes:

[0345] S701, Terminal 210 generates a first message. The first message is used to request the configuration of the first parameter, which is used to adjust Network 1. Network 1 is related to the quality of experience of Terminal 210.

[0346] For a detailed description, please refer to the aforementioned description of Scheme 3.

[0347] S702, Terminal 210 sends a first message to Core Network Element 220. Correspondingly, Core Network Element 220 receives the first message.

[0348] S703, core network element 220 sends the first parameter to terminal 210 according to the first message. Correspondingly, terminal 210 receives the first parameter.

[0349] Optionally, S704 and Terminal 210 run the first parameter.

[0350] For details, please refer to the description in S304, which will not be repeated here.

[0351] Through the above scheme, the core network element 220 determines the first parameter based on the first message sent by the terminal 210. This allows for targeted optimization of optimization factors, thereby improving the user experience of the terminal.

[0352] The communication method 700 will be further described below with reference to Figure 8.

[0353] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the interaction flow of the communication method 800 according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 8, the core network element 220 includes an SMF. The communication method 800 includes:

[0354] S801 and terminal 210 send the first message to the SMF. Correspondingly, the SMF receives the first message.

[0355] The first message includes information indicating that network congestion has occurred on network 1.

[0356] Optionally, the first message includes the identification information of the target object.

[0357] One possible implementation is that the first message is carried within the PDU modification request message.

[0358] S802, SMF sends the first parameter to terminal 210 according to the first message. Correspondingly, terminal 210 receives the first parameter.

[0359] Specifically, terminal 210 identifies factors affecting its user experience. When it determines that network 1 congestion is the cause of the degraded user experience, terminal 210 triggers a PDU Modify procedure to request a change in QoS parameters. Correspondingly, the SMF modifies the mapping between PDUs and network slices through the PDU Modify procedure; that is, the mapping relationship between PDUs and network slices can be changed through the aforementioned policy message.

[0360] S803, Terminal 210 runs the first parameter.

[0361] S804, terminal 210 sends a feedback message to SMF. Correspondingly, SMF receives the feedback message. The feedback message indicates the quality of experience after terminal 210 executes the first parameter.

[0362] In this way, SMF can determine whether to continue optimizing the user experience of terminal 210 based on the feedback messages sent by terminal 210.

[0363] The above-mentioned core network element 220 optimizes network 1 by changing user plans. Specifically, core network element 220 can optimize network 1 by adjusting the user subscription information of terminal 210. For example, core network element 220 sends new user plan information to terminal 210. After receiving the plan selection prompt, the user decides whether to purchase the plan. Once the user purchases the plan, the new plan takes effect, and terminal 210 continuously monitors the experience quality after the new plan purchase. Subsequently, terminal 210 can continue to report the first message, or core network element 220 can subscribe to terminal 210 to continuously report the experience quality information of terminal 210 at a certain frequency within a certain period of time, so that core network element 220 can perceive whether the plan modification is effective. A description of the plan distribution can be found in Figure 9.

[0364] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the interaction flow of the communication method 900 according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 9, the communication method 900 includes:

[0365] S901 and NWDAF send a package request message to the Business Operation Support System (BOSS). Correspondingly, the BOSS receives the package request message. This package request message is used to request package information 1.

[0366] Specifically, when NWDAF determines that it will optimize the user experience of terminal 210 by changing the user package, NWDAF sends a package request message 1 to BOSS.

[0367] S902, BOSS sends package information to PCF 1.

[0368] In response to the request, BOSS sends a URL link to PCF, which can be used to display package information to the user.

[0369] S903 and PCF send package information 1 to terminal 210. Correspondingly, terminal 210 receives package information 1.

[0370] PCF sends the aforementioned package information 1 to terminal 210 via AMF. Specifically, this can be done through existing non-access stratum (NAS) messages, such as adding a new package push message item to the configure update command message, or through other NAS messages that carry package information 1.

[0371] Based on the above process, this application embodiment can support pushing new user package information to terminal 210.

[0372] To implement the functions in the method provided in this application, both the terminal 210 and the core network element 220 may include hardware structures and / or software modules, implementing the above functions in the form of hardware structures, software modules, or a combination of hardware structures and software modules. Whether a particular function is implemented in the form of hardware structures, software modules, or a combination of hardware structures and software modules depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0373] Figure 10 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1000 according to an embodiment of this application. The communication device 1000 includes a processing circuit 1010 and a transceiver circuit 1020, which can be interconnected or coupled to each other, for example, through a bus 1030. The communication device 1000 can be a terminal 210 or a core network element 220.

[0374] Optionally, the communication device 1000 may further include a memory 1040. The memory 1040 includes, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM). The memory 1040 can be any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto. The memory in the embodiments of this application may also be a circuit or any other device capable of implementing a storage function for storing computer programs or instructions, and / or data.

[0375] The processing circuit 1010 can be all or part of the processing circuitry in one or more processors, or it can be one or more processors. The processor can be a central processing unit (CPU). If the processing circuit 1010 is a CPU, the CPU can be a single-core CPU or a multi-core CPU. The processing circuit 1010 can be a signal processor, a chip, or other integrated circuit capable of implementing the methods of this application, or a portion of the circuitry within the aforementioned processor, chip, or integrated circuit that performs processing functions. Additionally, the transceiver circuit 1020 can be a transceiver, or an input / output interface. An input / output interface is used for inputting or outputting signals or data and can also be referred to as an input / output circuit.

[0376] When the communication device 1000 is terminal 210, exemplarily, the processing circuit 1010 is used to perform the following operations: determine a first message; send the first message, etc.

[0377] When the communication device 1000 is a core network element 220, for example, the processing circuit 1010 is used to perform the following operations: receiving a first message; sending a first parameter, etc.

[0378] When the communication device 1000 is a terminal 210 or a core network element 220, it will be responsible for executing the methods or steps related to the terminal 210 or the core network element 220 in the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0379] When the communication device shown in Figure 10 is a terminal 210 or a core network element 220, the transceiver circuit 1020 can be a transceiver.

[0380] When the communication device shown in Figure 10 is a terminal 210 or a core network element 220, the transceiver circuit 1020 can be an input / output circuit.

[0381] The above description is merely exemplary. For details, please refer to the content shown in the above method embodiments.

[0382] The implementation of each operation in Figure 10 can also be described in the corresponding description of the method embodiments shown in Figures 3 to 8.

[0383] Figure 11 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1100 according to an embodiment of this application. The communication device 1100 can be a terminal 210 or a core network element 220, used to implement the methods involved in the above embodiments.

[0384] The communication device 1100 includes a transceiver unit 1110 and a processing unit 1120. The transceiver unit 1110 may include a sending unit and a receiving unit. The sending unit performs the sending action of the communication device, and the receiving unit performs the receiving action of the communication device. For ease of description, the sending unit and the receiving unit are combined into a single transceiver unit in this embodiment. This will be explained uniformly here and will not be repeated later.

[0385] When the communication device 1100 is a terminal 210, for example, the transceiver unit 1110 is used to send a first message; the processing unit 1120 is used to determine the first message, etc.

[0386] When the communication device 1100 is a core network element 220, for example, the transceiver unit 1110 is used to: send a first parameter; the processing unit 1120 is used to determine the first parameter according to the first message, etc.

[0387] When the communication device 1100 is a terminal 210 or a core network element 220, it will be responsible for executing one or more of the methods or steps related to the terminal 210 or the core network element 220 in the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0388] Optionally, the communication device 1100 further includes a storage unit 1130 for storing programs or code for performing the aforementioned methods.

[0389] The transceiver unit in Figure 11 corresponds to the transceiver circuit in Figure 10, and the processing unit in Figure 11 corresponds to the processing circuit in Figure 10.

[0390] The apparatus embodiments shown in Figures 10 and 11 are used to implement the contents described in Figures 3 to 9. The specific execution steps and methods of the apparatus shown in Figures 10 and 11 can be found in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0391] This application also provides a chip, including a processor, for calling and executing instructions stored in a memory, causing a communication device on which the chip is installed to perform the methods described in the examples above. The memory may be integrated within the chip or located externally.

[0392] This application also provides another chip, including: an input interface, an output interface, and a processing circuit, wherein the input interface, the output interface, and the processor are connected through an internal connection path, and the processing circuit is used to execute code in memory. When the code is executed, the processing circuit is used to execute the methods in the above examples.

[0393] Optionally, the chip also includes a memory for storing computer programs or code. The input and output interfaces can be independent of each other, or they can be integrated into a single input / output interface.

[0394] The processing circuitry can be all or part of the processing circuitry in one or more processors, or one or more processors.

[0395] This application also provides a communication device, including a processor coupled to a memory, the processor being used to execute a computer program stored in the memory to implement the methods and functions involving a first network element or a second network element in any of the above method embodiments.

[0396] In another embodiment of this application, a computer program product containing instructions is provided, which, when run on a computer, enables the implementation of the methods described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0397] This application also provides a computer program that, when run on a computer, enables the implementation of the methods described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0398] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a computer, implements the methods described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0399] This application embodiment also provides a communication system, which includes a terminal 210 and a core network element 220. The terminal 210 is used to execute the aforementioned methods related to the terminal 210, and the core network element 220 is used to execute the aforementioned methods related to the core network element 220.

[0400] In this embodiment, the processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), but it can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0401] In addition, the processor may include one or more of the following: a central processing unit (CPU), a baseband processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a microprocessor unit (MPU), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an artificial intelligence processor (AI processor), or a neural processing unit (NPU).

[0402] It should also be understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of random access memory (RAM) are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous linked DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory used in the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0403] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more sets of available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium. A semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0404] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0405] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units is merely a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0406] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. If the above functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory, random access memory, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0407] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A communication method characterized by comprising: Applied to terminals, including: Generate a first message, the first message including information for indicating the state of the terminal, the state of the terminal being related to the quality of experience of the terminal; Send the first message.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The state of the terminal includes at least one of the operating system running state of the terminal and the state of the network in which the terminal is located.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The operating system running state of the terminal includes one or more of the following: Central processing unit load status, system memory load status, or low-power operation status; The state of the network includes at least one of the following: The network is congested, or the signal coverage is insufficient.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first message also includes experience quality information of the terminal, which is used to indicate the experience quality of the terminal.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The user experience quality information of the terminal includes at least one of the following: Information on lag, latency, packet loss rate, bit error rate, or fuzzy information.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a second message, the second message including information indicating that the terminal supports reporting the status of the terminal; A third message is received, the third message including information for instructing the network to support the terminal in reporting the first message.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive a first parameter, which is used to optimize the user experience quality of the terminal; Run the first parameter.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The first parameter includes at least one of the following: Operating system optimization instructions, network optimization instructions, and user package information.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, The operating system optimization instruction information includes at least one of the following: Central processing unit load allocation information, system running memory load allocation information, or low-power operation adjustment information.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The network optimization instruction information includes at least one of the following: Service quality update information, slice handover information, cell handover information, wireless access technology handover information, or network handover information.

11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that, The user package information includes recommended user packages or web links to recommended user packages.

12. A communication method characterized by comprising: Applied to core network elements, including: A first parameter is determined, which is used to optimize the user experience quality of the terminal. The first parameter includes at least one of the following: operating system optimization instruction information, network optimization instruction information, and user package information. Send the first parameter.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein, Determining the first parameter includes: Receive a first message, the first message including information for indicating the state of the terminal, the state of the terminal being related to the quality of experience of the terminal; The first parameter is determined based on the first message.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein, The state of the terminal includes at least one of the following: The operating system running status of the terminal and the network status of the terminal; The operating system running state of the terminal includes one or more of the following: Central processing unit load status, system memory load status; or, low-power operation status; The state of the network includes at least one of the following: The network is congested, or the signal coverage is insufficient.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The first message also includes experience quality information of the terminal, which is used to indicate the experience quality of the terminal.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, The user experience quality information of the terminal includes at least one of the following: Information on lag, latency, packet loss rate, bit error rate, or fuzzy information.

17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that, Determining the first parameter based on the first message includes: The first parameter is determined based on the user's subscription information on the terminal and the first message.

18. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that, The operating system optimization instruction information includes at least one of the following: Central processing unit load allocation information, system running memory load allocation information, or low-power operation adjustment information.

19. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that, The network optimization instruction information includes at least one of the following: Service quality update information, slice handover information, cell handover information, wireless access technology handover information, or network handover information.

20. The method of any one of claims 12-19, wherein, The user package information includes recommended user packages or web links to recommended user packages.

21. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that, The method further includes: The experience quality model of the core network element is updated according to the first message to obtain the updated experience quality model.

22. A method of communication, comprising: Applied to core network elements, including: Receive a first message, the first message including information for indicating the state of the terminal, the state of the terminal being related to the quality of experience of the terminal; The experience quality model of the core network element is updated according to the first message to obtain the updated experience quality model.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein, The state of the terminal includes at least one of the following: The operating system running status of the terminal and the network status of the terminal; The operating system running state of the terminal includes one or more of the following: Central processing unit load status, system memory load status; or, low-power operation status; The state of the network includes at least one of the following: The network is congested, or the signal coverage is insufficient.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein, The first message also includes the terminal's experience information, which is used to indicate the terminal's experience quality.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein, The user experience information of the terminal includes at least one of the following: Information on lag, latency, packet loss rate, bit error rate, or fuzzy information.

26. A method of communication, comprising: Applied to core network elements, including: A first parameter is determined, which is used to optimize the user experience quality of the terminal. The first parameter includes at least one of the following: operating system optimization instruction information, network optimization instruction information, and user package information. Send the first parameter.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein, Determining the first parameter includes: Receive a first message, the first message including information for indicating the state of the terminal, the state of the terminal being related to the quality of experience of the terminal; The first parameter is determined based on the first message.

28. The method of claim 26 or 27, wherein, The operating system optimization instruction information includes at least one of the following: Central processing unit load allocation information, system running memory load allocation information, or low-power operation adjustment information.

29. The method of any one of claims 26-28, wherein, The network optimization instruction information includes at least one of the following: Service quality update information, slice handover information, cell handover information, wireless access technology handover information, or network handover information.

30. The method of any one of claims 26-29, wherein, The user package information includes recommended user packages or web links to recommended user packages.

31. The method of any one of claims 27-30, wherein, The first message also includes experience quality information of the terminal, which is used to indicate the experience quality of the terminal.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein, The user experience quality information of the terminal includes at least one of the following: Information on lag, latency, packet loss rate, bit error rate, or ambiguity.

33. The method of any one of claims 27-32, wherein, Determining the first parameter based on the first message includes: Based on the user subscription information of the terminal and the first message, the first parameter is sent, wherein the user subscription information of the terminal is used to indicate the service level agreement level subscribed by the terminal.

34. The method of any one of claims 27-33, wherein, The method further includes: The experience quality model of the core network elements is updated based on the first message to obtain the updated experience quality model.

35. A method of communication, comprising: Applied to core network elements, including: Receive a first message, the first message including at least one of the following: information indicating that the network where the terminal is located is congested; or, information indicating that the signal coverage of the network is insufficient, the network being related to the quality of experience of the terminal; The first parameter is sent according to the first message, and the first parameter is used to optimize the user experience quality of the terminal.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein, The first parameter includes at least one of network optimization instruction information and user package information.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein, The network optimization instruction information includes at least one of the following: Service quality update information, slice handover information, cell handover information, wireless access technology handover information, or network handover information.

38. The method of claim 36 or 37, wherein, The user package information includes recommended user packages or web links to recommended user packages.

39. A method of communication, comprising: Applied to terminals, including: A first message is generated, which is used to request the configuration of a first parameter. The first parameter is used to adjust the network where the terminal is located. The first parameter includes at least one of the following: network optimization instruction information and user package information. The network is related to the experience quality of the terminal. Send the first message.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein, The generation of the first message includes: The first message is generated based on the state information of the network; wherein the state information of the network includes at least one of the following: bit error rate, signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, or packet loss rate.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein, The step of generating the first message based on the network status information includes: The network status information includes signal strength. If the signal strength is greater than a signal strength threshold and the user experience quality of the terminal is lower than the threshold, the first message includes information indicating that the network is congested; or, if the signal strength is less than the signal strength threshold, the first message includes information indicating that the network has insufficient signal coverage.

42. The method of claim 40, wherein, The step of generating the first message based on the network status information includes: The network status information includes a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). If the SNR is greater than a SNR threshold and the user experience quality of the terminal is lower than the threshold, the first message includes information indicating network congestion. Alternatively, if the SNR is less than the SNR threshold, the first message includes information indicating insufficient signal coverage of the network.

43. The method of any one of claims 39-42, wherein, The method further includes: Receive the first parameter; Run the first parameter.

44. The method of any one of claims 39-43, wherein, The network optimization instruction information includes at least one of the following: Service quality update information, slice handover information, cell handover information, wireless access technology handover information, or network handover information.

45. The method of any one of claims 39-44, wherein, The user package information includes recommended user packages or web links to recommended user packages.

46. A method of communication, comprising: Applied to core network elements, including: Receive a first message, the first message is used to request the configuration of a first parameter, the first parameter is used to adjust the network where the terminal is located, the first parameter includes at least one of the following: network optimization instruction information and user package information, the network is related to the experience quality of the terminal; The first parameter is sent to the terminal.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein, The network optimization instruction information includes at least one of the following: Service quality update information, slice handover information, cell handover information, wireless access technology handover information, or network handover information.

48. The method of claim 46 or 47, wherein, The user package information includes recommended user packages or web links to recommended user packages.

49. A communications device, characterized by Includes a processor, the processor being configured to cause the communication device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 48 by executing a computer program or instructions, or by using logic circuitry.

50. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the method of any one of claims 1 to 48 to be performed.

51. A computer program product, characterised in that, It includes instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the method of any one of claims 1 to 48 to be performed.

52. A communication system, characterized by include: A terminal for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, or for performing the method according to any one of claims 39 to 45; The core network element is used to perform the method of any one of claims 12 to 38, or to perform the method of any one of claims 46 to 48.

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