Terminal and communication method

Abstract

This terminal comprises: a control unit that, when there is an overlap between part of a first communication operation and a second communication operation different from the first communication operation, determines a communication operation to be executed between the part of the first communication operation and the second communication operation; and a communication unit that performs the communication operation determined by the control unit.

Description

Terminals and communication methods

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals and communication methods.

[0002] In NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies are being considered that meet requirements such as large capacity, high data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of numerous terminals, low cost, and low power consumption (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Furthermore, Release 18 (Rel-18) of 3GPP® considers Ambient IoT (A-IoT: Ambient Internet of Things) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets devices with extremely simple configurations for low-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption.

[0004] 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.3.0 (2022-12)”Revised SID on Ambient IoT”, RP-232404, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #101, September 20233GPP TR 38.848 V1.0.0 (2023-09)3GPP TS 36.211 V16.8.0 (2023-09)”Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR”, RP-234058, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102, December 2023

[0005] In A-IoT communication systems, including ambient IoT devices, multiple communications, including communications within the A-IoT communication system, may overlap with each other.

[0006] One aspect of this disclosure provides a terminal and a communication method that can appropriately perform communication when multiple communications, including communications in an A-IoT communication system, overlap.

[0007] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes, when an overlap occurs between a part of a first communication operation and a second communication operation different from the first communication operation, a control unit that determines a communication operation to be performed between the part of the first communication operation and the second communication operation, and a communication unit that performs the communication operation determined by the control unit.

[0008] This figure shows an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. This figure illustrates topology 1. This figure illustrates topology 2. This figure illustrates topology 3 in DL support. This figure illustrates topology 3 in UL support. This figure illustrates topology 4. This figure illustrates backscatter transmission. This figure shows an example of a candidate topology for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in topology 1. This figure shows an example of a candidate topology for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in topology 2. This figure shows an example of coordination between LTE and NR. This figure shows an example of power sharing. This figure shows an example of simultaneous transmission. This figure shows an example of case 1 of related technology 2. This figure shows an example of overlap in the DT case. This figure shows an example of overlap in the DO-DTT case. This figure shows an example of method α-1 being applied in the case shown in Figure 14. This figure shows an example of method α-2 being applied in the case shown in Figure 14. This figure shows an example of method α-3 being applied in the case shown in Figure 14. This figure shows an example of overlap in the DT case. This figure shows an example of overlap in the DO-DTT case. This figure shows an example in which method β-1 is applied in the case shown in Figure 19. This figure shows an example in which method β-2 is applied in the case shown in Figure 19. This figure shows an example comparing each option of Proposal 1. This figure shows an example comparing each option of Proposal 1A. This figure shows an example comparing each option of Proposal 1B. This is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. This is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. This figure shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. This figure shows an example of the configuration of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0009] Hereinafter, an embodiment relating to one aspect of this disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is merely an example, and the embodiments to which this disclosure applies are not limited to the embodiments described below.

[0010] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiments of this disclosure, existing technologies will be used as appropriate. Such existing technologies include, for example, existing LTE or NR, but are not limited to existing LTE or NR. Furthermore, the term "LTE" as used herein has a broad meaning that includes LTE-Advanced and LTE-Advanced and later technologies, unless otherwise specified.

[0011] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this disclosure described below, terms such as SS (synchronization signal), PSS (primary SS), SSS (secondary SS), PBCH (physical broadcast channel), PRACH (physical random access channel), PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), PUCCH (physical uplink control channel), and PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel), which are used in existing LTE systems, will be used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc., may be called by other names. Also, the above terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even if a signal is used in NR, it is not necessarily explicitly stated as "NR-".

[0012] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this disclosure, the duplex method may be a TDD (Time Division Duplex) method, an FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) method, or any other method (for example, a Flexible Duplex).

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this disclosure, "configuring" wireless parameters means that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that wireless parameters notified by a base station, device, terminal, etc. are configured.

[0014] (Embodiment) <Wireless Communication System> Figure 1 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1, the wireless communication system 1 includes a base station 10 and a device 20. Figure 1 shows one base station 10 and one device 20, but this is just an example, and there may be multiple base stations and devices. The base station is also referred to as BS (Base Station), gNB, etc. The device 20 can be said to be a form of terminal (UE: User Equipment), and may be an ambient IoT device, which is a device with lower complexity than an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device. The ambient IoT device may be referred to as an ambient IoT terminal, ambient IoT UE, etc.

[0015] Base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with device 20. The physical resources of the wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols. The frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks (RB).

[0016] The base station 10 transmits DL (Downlink) signals to the device 20, including control information, configuration information, and data. The base station 10 receives UL (Uplink) signals from the device 20, including control information, information regarding the processing capabilities of the device 20 (device capability (information) or A-IoT capability (information); for example, capability, device capability, A-IoT capability, A-IoT device capability, etc.), and data.

[0017] The channels used to transmit DL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), and the control channel may include a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). For example, base station 10 transmits control information to device 20 using PDCCH and transmits DL data signals using PDSCH. Note that PDSCH is an example of a Downlink Shared Channel or a data channel, and PDCCH is an example of a Downlink Control Channel. PDCCH may be interpreted as Downlink Control Information (DCI), control information, etc., transmitted in the PDCCH.

[0018] As will be discussed later, wireless communication systems may include intermediate nodes, assisting nodes, and / or terminals (UEs) (see <Device Types and Topologies> below). In the following, "and / or" may simply be written as " / ".

[0019] Device 20 is a communication device equipped with wireless communication capabilities, and as described above, may be an ambient IoT device (e.g., a sensor). Hereafter, ambient IoT devices will also be referred to as A-IoT UE.

[0020] Device 20 receives DL signals such as control signals, configuration information, and data from base station 10, and transmits UL signals such as control signals, device 20 capability information, and data to base station 10.

[0021] Channels used for UL signal transmission include, for example, data channels and control channels. For example, data channels may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and control channels may include a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). For example, device 20 transmits control information using PUCCH and transmits UL data signals using PUSCH. Note that PUSCH is an example of an uplink shared channel or a data channel, and PUCCH is an example of an uplink control channel. Note that PUSCH or PUCCH may be rewritten with uplink control information (UCI), control information, etc. transmitted in PUSCH or PUCCH.

[0022] <Ambient IoT> In Rel-18, studies on more low-end Ambient IoT than existing NB-IoT (see, for example, Section of Non-Patent Document 4) were approved (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption.

[0023] In Ambient IoT, for example, the following introduction scenarios and characteristics can be considered for related use cases. ・ Indoor or outdoor environment ・ Type of base station, for example, macro / micro / pico cell-based arrangement ・ Topology related to connectivity, for example, which nodes such as base stations, terminals (UEs), relays, and repeaters communicate with Ambient IoT devices ・ Whether the duplex mode is TDD or FDD, and whether the frequency band is a licensed band or an unlicensed band ・ Coexistence of UEs and network facilities in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies ・ Assumption of traffic for transmissions from devices / receptions to devices

[0024] Based on the above introduction scenario and characteristics, for example, the following RAN design targets can be formulated. - Power consumption - Complexity - Coverage - Data rate - Positioning accuracy

[0025] Based on the introduction scenario suitable for the related use case, compare and evaluate the feasibility of meeting the design targets, and identify the functions to support.

[0026] <Device Type and Topology>Based on the results of the consideration items, TR 38.848 (Non-Patent Document 3) was approved. In TR 38.848, the following categories of ambient IoT devices are considered. Device A: Device A does not have power (energy) storage, does not have the functions of independent signal generation and signal amplification, and performs backscattering transmission. Device B: Device B has power storage, does not have the function of independent signal generation, and performs backscattering transmission. Device B amplifies the reflected signal using the stored power. Device C: Device C has power storage, has the function of independent signal generation, and has an active RF (radio frequency) component for transmission.

[0027] Note that the complexity of Device A is assumed to be at the level of RFID (radio frequency identification).

[0028] In TR 38.848, in the ambient IoT network, Topologies 1 to 4 described below are defined.

[0029] Figure 2 is a diagram for explaining Topology 1. As shown in Figure 2, Topology 1 is a configuration in which a base station (BS) communicates with an ambient IoT device. The ambient IoT device directly performs two-way communication with the base station.

[0030] Figure 3 illustrates topology 2. As shown in Figure 3, topology 2 is a configuration in which a base station and ambient IoT devices communicate via an intermediate node. Ambient IoT devices perform bidirectional communication with the intermediate node placed between the base station and the ambient IoT device. The intermediate node may be, for example, a relay, an IAB (integrated access and backhaul) node, a UE, a repeater, etc.

[0031] Figure 4 illustrates topology 3 in DL support. As shown in Figure 4, topology 3 is a configuration that includes communication between the base station and the assisting node, communication between the assisting node and the ambient IoT device, and communication between the ambient IoT device and the base station.

[0032] The support node assists with DL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 4, the support node receives DL signals from the base station and transmits the received DL signals to the ambient IoT device. For UL communication, the ambient IoT device transmits UL signals directly to the base station.

[0033] Figure 5 illustrates topology 3 in UL support. As shown in Figure 5, topology 3 is a configuration that includes communication between the base station and the support node, communication between the support node and the ambient IoT device, and communication between the ambient IoT device and the base station.

[0034] The support node assists with UL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 5, the support node receives UL signals from ambient IoT devices and transmits the received UL signals to the base station. For DL ​​communication, ambient IoT devices receive DL signals directly from the base station.

[0035] The support nodes shown in Figures 4 and 5 may be, for example, relays, IAB nodes, UEs, repeaters, etc.

[0036] Figure 6 illustrates topology 4. Topology 4 is a configuration in which the UE and ambient IoT devices communicate. The ambient IoT devices perform bidirectional communication with the UE. The communication related to topology 4 may be considered as sidelink (SL) communication.

[0037] In addition, in topologies 1 to 4 described above, the ambient IoT device may be supplied with a carrier wave from another node inside or outside the topology (see Section 4.2.1 of Non-Patent Document 3).

[0038] The wireless communication system 1 (wireless communication network) may include, in addition to device 20, base stations, support nodes, intermediate nodes and / or terminals (UEs in topology 4). In this specification, base stations, support nodes, intermediate nodes and terminals may be read as network or (network) nodes. Also, an A-IoT device may be simply referred to as A-IoT.

[0039] <Backscatter transmission> Base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes transmit RF signals to ambient IoT devices. Ambient IoT devices are activated and receive power from the RF operating field of the base station, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes via inductive coupling.

[0040] Ambient IoT devices backscatter modulate RF signals received from base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes by switching the reflection coefficient of their own antennas, and then transmit the information to base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes.

[0041] Figure 7 illustrates backscatter transmission. Figure 7 shows an example where an ambient IoT device performs ON-OFF keying and transmits information. The dashed area in Figure 7 represents the OFF interval, which may correspond to a "0" in the information (bits). A sinusoidal signal may correspond to a "1" in the information.

[0042] <Rel-19 SID> In the Rel-19 SID (Study Item Description), solutions necessary and feasible for A-IoT were considered (see Section 4.1 of Non-Patent Document 5). The solutions considered included, for example, determining which functions and procedures are necessary and which are not.

[0043] Furthermore, several matters will be discussed under the leadership of RAN 1 for the DL and UL of A-IoT. One of the matters to be discussed is the scheduling and timing relationship of DL and UL in A-IoT. In the discussion of scheduling and timing relationships, the following may be considered: 1. Traffic flow, 2. Device assumption, and 3. Topology.

[0044] 1. Traffic Flow The following DT and DO-DTT are being considered as traffic flows for A-IoT.

[0045] DT (device terminated) traffic is characterized by the presence of transmissions to the A-IoT UE (DL) but no transmissions from the A-IoT UE (UL). In other words, there is information to be sent to the A-IoT UE but no information to be sent from the A-IoT UE. DT corresponds to command-type traffic, such as instructions or commands sent to the A-IoT UE.

[0046] DO-DTT (device originated - device terminated triggered) traffic has a trigger from the network (NW) and a transmission (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, the traffic consists of information transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DO-DTT corresponds to, for example, a sensor information report type in which the A-IoT UE transmits sensor information it has collected.

[0047] In this disclosure, transmission of information corresponds to transmission of a signal containing information or transmission of a signal. In this disclosure, transmission to a device X corresponds to transmission of a signal (or information) to device X. Transmission from a device X, and transmission by a device X, correspond to device X transmitting a signal (or information). Reception from a device X corresponds to receiving a signal (or information) transmitted by device X. Reception by a device X corresponds to device X receiving a signal (or information).

[0048] 2. Device Requirements A-IoT UE assumes the following TX (transmission) and FR (frequency range) 1-FDD.

[0049] TX TX is either backscatter UL transmission without amplifier (amplification), or backscatter UL transmission with amplifier. Alternatively, a general UL transmission with amplifier may be performed.

[0050] FR1-FDD applies to the A-IoT UE. That is, the A-IoT UE can switch carrier frequencies between DL carriers and UL carriers. However, this disclosure is not limited to FR1-FDD and may also apply to TDD, FR2, or FR3.

[0051] The frequency bands for each FR are as follows: • FR1: 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz • FR2: 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz • FR3: 7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz

[0052] In FR1, a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, or 60 kHz may be used, and a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz may be used. FR2 is a higher frequency than FR1, and an SCS of 60 kHz or 120 kHz (240 kHz may be included) may be used, and a bandwidth (BW) of 50 to 400 MHz may be used.

[0053] 3. Among the topologies shown in Topology Diagrams 2 to 6, Topology 1 and Topology 2 are of particular interest.

[0054] In Topology 1, UL and / or DL ​​communication takes place between the base station and the A-IoT UE without the need for intermediate nodes. Note that the base station in Topology 1 may also support microcells.

[0055] In Topology 2, communication takes place between the base station and the A-IoT UE via an intermediate node. The A-IoT UE performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the A-IoT UE. In Topology 2, the base station may correspond to a macrocell. Furthermore, the Topology 2 case may also be applied to indoor environments. Hereafter, the intermediate node will also be referred to as the intermediate UE, int. UE (intermediate UE), etc.

[0056] <Device Types> For A-IoT devices, the following three device types are defined: Device 1, Device 2a, and Device 2b.

[0057] Device 1 (may be referred to as Type 1) Device 1 is a device type that consumes power with a peak power of 1 μW or less. Device 1 has energy storage and has an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to Z [ppm (parts per million)] (where Z is 10 to the power of x (where x is a non-negative integer)). Also, there is no DL or UL amplification in Device 1. UL transmission in Device 1 is performed by backscatter of an externally supplied carrier wave (CW), i.e., an unmodulated wave.

[0058] Device 2a (may be referred to as Type 2a) Device 2a is a device type that consumes power with a peak power of several hundred μW. Device 2a has energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset of up to Z [ppm] (where Z is 10 to the power of x (where x is a non-negative integer)). DL and / or UL amplification is also performed in Device 2a. UL transmission in Device 2a is performed by backscattering in CW provided externally.

[0059] Device 2b (may be referred to as Type 2b) Device 2b is a device type that consumes power with a peak power of several hundred μW. Device 2b has energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset of up to Z [ppm] (where Z is 10 to the power of x (where x is a non-negative integer)). DL and / or UL amplification is also performed in Device 2b. UL transmission in Device 2b is performed internally within Device 2b. In other words, UL transmission in Device 2b does not have to be performed by backscattering in CW provided externally.

[0060] <Candidate Topologies> Next, we will describe the candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission.

[0061] Figure 8 shows examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 1. Figure 8 shows topologies 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E as examples of candidate topologies.

[0062] As shown in Figure 8, in topologies 1A to 1E, CW / R2D communication signals (sometimes referred to as "R2D" in Figure 8 and below) and D2R communication signals (sometimes referred to as "D2R" in Figure 8 and below) can be transmitted to and received from A-IoT devices.

[0063] In this embodiment, DL and R2D (reader to device) may be interchangeable, and UL and D2R (device to reader) may be interchangeable. Here, reader corresponds to BS and / or intermediate UE, and device corresponds to A-IoT device.

[0064] In topology 1A, the node transmitting CW (first BS) is different from the node receiving D2R communication signals transmitted by backscatter by the A-IoT device (second BS), while the node transmitting CW is the same as the node transmitting R2D communication signals. Also, the node transmitting R2D communication signals is different from the node receiving D2R communication signals transmitted by backscatter by the A-IoT device. In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are different.

[0065] In topology 1B, the node transmitting CW (BS), the node transmitting R2D communication signals, and the node receiving D2R communication signals transmitted by backscatter from the A-IoT device are all the same.

[0066] In topology 1C, the node transmitting CW (CW node) is different from the node transmitting R2D communication signals (BS). Also in topology 1C, the node transmitting CW is different from the node receiving D2R communication signals transmitted by backscatter by A-IoT devices (BS). Also in topology 1C, the node transmitting R2D communication signals is the same as the node receiving D2R communication signals transmitted by backscatter by A-IoT devices. In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same. Note that the CW node may be a BS / (intermediate) UE / IAB node / NCR (network-controlled repeater) node / relay node / other type of node.

[0067] In topology 1D, the node (BS) that transmits R2D communication signals is the same node that receives D2R communication signals generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same.

[0068] In topology 1E, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal (first BS) is different from the node that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device (second BS). In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are different.

[0069] Figure 9 shows examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 2. Figure 9 shows topologies 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, and 2E as examples of candidate topologies.

[0070] As shown in Figure 9, in topologies 2A to 2E, CW / R2D communication signals (labeled "R2D" in Figure 9) and D2R communication signals (labeled "D2R" in Figure 9) can be transmitted to and received from A-IoT devices.

[0071] In topology 2A, the node transmitting CW (first intermediate UE) is different from the node receiving D2R communication signals transmitted by backscatter by the A-IoT device (second intermediate UE), while the node transmitting CW is the same as the node transmitting R2D communication signals. Also, the node transmitting R2D communication signals is different from the node receiving D2R communication signals transmitted by backscatter by the A-IoT device. In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are different.

[0072] In topology 2B, the node transmitting CW (intermediate UE), the node transmitting R2D communication signals, and the node receiving D2R communication signals transmitted by backscatter from A-IoT devices are all the same.

[0073] In topology 2C, the node transmitting CW (CW node) is different from the node transmitting R2D communication signals (intermediate UE). Also, in topology 1C, the node transmitting CW is different from the node receiving D2R communication signals transmitted by backscatter from the A-IoT device (BS). Also, in topology 1C, the node transmitting R2D communication signals is the same as the node receiving D2R communication signals transmitted by backscatter from the A-IoT device. In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same. Note that the CW node may be a BS / (intermediate) UE / IAB node / NCR node / relay node / other type of node.

[0074] In topology 2D, the node that transmits R2D communication signals (intermediate UE) is the same node that receives D2R communication signals generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same.

[0075] In topology 2E, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal (first intermediate UE) is different from the node that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device (second intermediate UE). In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are different.

[0076] <Simultaneous Transmission and Power Sharing in NR> Here, we will explain the feasibility of simultaneous transmission in NR and provide an example of power sharing.

[0077] Figure 10 shows an example of coordination between LTE and NR. Figure 10 shows an example in which the NR UE coordinates between the LTE eNB and the NR gNB. In the example in Figure 10, the NR UE switches the destination of UL transmission between the LTE eNB and the NR gNB.

[0078] When the UE performs UL transmission simultaneously on different carriers for EN-DC (E-UTRA NR Dual Connectivity) as illustrated in FIG. 10, there is concern about IMD that may affect DL reception depending on the band combination. Therefore, EN-DC single UL transmission that can avoid simultaneous UL transmission between LTE and NR is supported in Release 15 (Rel-15).

[0079] In this case, as UE capability, the UE may report whether it supports single UL transmission for each possible combination in the band combination of EN-DC. Alternatively, as UE capability, the UE may report whether it supports simultaneous UL transmission for each possible combination in the band combination of EN-DC.

[0080] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of power sharing. In FIG. 11, the state #1 of the power obtained by adding the maximum power P ＮＲ of NR and the maximum power P ＬＴＥ of LTE before power sharing is performed, and the state #2 after power sharing is performed for state #1 are shown.

[0081] For example, the maximum power P ＮＲ of NR, the maximum power P ＬＴＥ of LTE, and the total maximum power P ｔｏｔａｌ are set / defined individually.

[0082] In this setting / definition, when P ＮＲ + P ＬＴＥ > P ｔｏｔａｌ and the UE supports dynamic power sharing, the UE drops the transmission power of NR so that the total transmission power does not exceed P ｔｏｔａｌ . For example, as shown in state #2 of FIG. 11, the UE drops the transmission power of NR so that the total transmission power does not exceed P ｔｏｔａｌ .

[0083] In this setting / definition, PＮＲ +P ＬＴＥ >P ｔｏｔａｌ If this is the case, and the UE does not support dynamic power sharing, the UE will not transmit for NR in a slot allocated for UL transmission for LTE. In other words, in this case, LTE and NR are TDM (time division multiplexing).

[0084] <Related Technology 1> Multiple transmissions that may be simultaneously transmitted in the intermediate UE in this disclosure are at least one of the following patterns a to e. Note that A-IoT devices may simply be referred to as devices. Also, the multiple transmissions shown in patterns a to e below do not have to be simultaneously transmitted. ・Pattern a: Multiple R2Ds to multiple A-IoT devices (e.g., PRDCH, R2D synchronous acquisition signal, time acquisition signal) ・Pattern b: R2D to one or more A-IoT devices and UL to gNB or parent node ・Pattern c: CW to one or more A-IoT devices and R2D to one or more A-IoT devices ・Pattern d: CW to one or more A-IoT devices and UL to gNB or parent node ・Pattern e: Two or more combinations of a to d above

[0085] Note that the UL to the gNB or parent node may be NR-Uu.

[0086] In this disclosure, "simultaneous transmission" refers to any one of the following: • Simultaneous transmission corresponds to two or more transmissions that partially or completely overlap in the time domain. • Simultaneous transmission corresponds to two or more transmissions that do not overlap in the time domain but are transmitted within the same time unit. The time unit may be, for example, an NR slot or another time unit. • Simultaneous transmission corresponds to two or more transmissions without sufficient gaps. The gap here may be a gap in the time domain or a gap in the frequency domain. For example, simultaneous transmission may be two or more transmissions frequency multiplexed within the same time resource or time unit, two or more transmissions code-division multiplexed within the same time resource or time unit, or two or more transmissions code-division multiplexed and frequency-division multiplexed within the same time resource or time unit. Frequency division multiplexing is referred to as FDM, code division multiplexing as CDM, and time division multiplexing as TDM.

[0087] Figure 12 shows an example of simultaneous transmission. Figure 12 shows four cases, Case 1 to Case 4, which are included in simultaneous transmission. The horizontal axis in each of the four cases represents the time axis. In the four cases of Figure 12, the simultaneous transmission of R2D transmission and UL transmission corresponding to pattern b above is shown as an example.

[0088] Case 1 corresponds to a case where simultaneous transmission means two or more transmissions that partially overlap in the time domain. Case 2 corresponds to a case where simultaneous transmission means two or more transmissions that completely overlap in the time domain. Case 3 corresponds to a case where simultaneous transmission means two or more transmissions that do not overlap in the time domain but are transmitted within the same time unit. Case 4 corresponds to a case where simultaneous transmission means two or more transmissions that do not have a sufficient gap between them.

[0089] Simultaneous transmission, in other words, may be equivalent to multiple transmissions occurring within a specific time period, or multiple transmissions being included within a specific period.

[0090] Regarding the frequency domain, simultaneous transmission may refer to two or more transmissions within the same band, or two or more transmissions in different bands. Transmissions within the same band are referred to as "intra-band," while transmissions in different bands are referred to as "inter-band."

[0091] Next, we will explain whether the intermediate UE and / or CW node supports simultaneous transmission. The intermediate UE and / or CW node will be referred to as the intermediate UE / CW node. The intermediate UE and CW node may be interchangeable.

[0092] <Cases where the intermediate UE / CW node supports simultaneous transmission> The following describes cases where the intermediate UE / CW node supports simultaneous transmission. For example, regarding support for simultaneous transmission, either option 1 or option 2 below will apply.

[0093] <Option 1> In Option 1, the intermediate UE / CW node supports simultaneous transmission. For example, at least one of the simultaneous transmissions from patterns a to e above is supported by the intermediate UE / CW node.

[0094] In Option 1, the intermediate UE / CW nodes may each support simultaneous transmission.

[0095] <Option 2> In Option 2, the intermediate UE / CW node may report whether it supports simultaneous transmission.

[0096] In option 2, the intermediate UE / CW node may or may not support simultaneous transmission. In other words, there may be intermediate UE / CW nodes that support simultaneous transmission and intermediate UE / CW nodes that do not support simultaneous transmission.

[0097] In Option 2, the intermediate UE / CW node reports whether it supports at least one TDM and / or FDM from patterns a to e. Alternatively, the intermediate UE / CW node reports whether it supports two or more TDM and / or FDMs from patterns a to e.

[0098] In Option 2, as a basic capability of the intermediate UE / CW node, multiplexing of at least one of patterns a to e is supported by the TDM manner.

[0099] In Option 2, the intermediate UE / CW node may report which of the simultaneous transmission patterns a to e it supports.

[0100] Whether option 1 or option 2 above applies may vary depending on the band combination (BC). Intermediate UE / CW nodes may report capability for each BC. Here, BC may be a combination of the R2D transmission band for A-IoT and the UL band for NR-Uu. For example, option 2 applies when the BC for R2D transmission and UL transmission is a specific BC. In this case, option 1 may apply when the BC for R2D transmission and UL transmission is a BC other than the specific BC.

[0101] Whether option 1 or option 2 applies may depend on whether the multiple transmissions are intraband or interband. For example, option 1 applies in the intraband case, and option 2 applies in the interband case.

[0102] <Cases where the intermediate UE / CW node does not support simultaneous transmission> If the intermediate UE / CW node does not support simultaneous transmission, either option 1 or option 2 below will apply.

[0103] <Option 1> In Option 1, the intermediate UE / CW node does not expect multiple simultaneous transmissions to be scheduled. In Option 1, scheduling devices such as leaders and networks do not schedule multiple simultaneous transmissions.

[0104] <Option 2> In Option 2, multiple simultaneous transmissions are scheduled. In other words, in Option 2, the intermediate UE / CW node expects that multiple simultaneous transmissions will be scheduled. In Option 2, scheduling devices such as leaders and networks schedule multiple simultaneous transmissions. In Option 2, when multiple simultaneous transmissions are scheduled, either Option 2-1 or Option 2-2 below will be applied to how those multiple transmissions are handled.

[0105] <Option 2-1> Prioritization rules are specified. For example, if two transmissions, transmission A and transmission B, are scheduled to be sent simultaneously, at least one of the two transmissions may be executed according to the priority rules. For example, if transmission A takes priority over transmission B, transmission A will be executed. In this case, transmission B will not be executed (it will be dropped).

[0106] For example, priority is determined based on the following rules. In the following explanation, "a" > "b" indicates that a has higher priority than b. - Transmissions to be performed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority of the channel type and signal type of overlapping transmissions. - Transmissions to be performed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority of the traffic flow of overlapping transmissions. - Transmissions to be performed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority of the instruction / setting. For example, priority may be set as follows: "Transmission of a signal with a relatively high priority instruction" > "Transmission of a signal with a relatively low priority instruction". - Transmissions to be performed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority of the transmission timing. For example, priority may be set as follows: "Transmission that starts relatively early" > "Transmission that starts relatively late". - Transmissions to be performed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority of the scheduling timing. For example, priority can be set as follows: "Transmissions corresponding to relatively slower scheduling" > "Transmissions corresponding to relatively faster scheduling".

[0107] "Drop" may be replaced with "postpone." In this case, "send that is executed" and "send that is dropped" above may be replaced with "send that is executed without postponement" and "send that is executed with postponement," respectively.

[0108] For example, at least one of the following rules may apply: • NR-Uu UL is prioritized over other transmissions. • NR-Uu UL is de-prioritized over other transmissions. • A-IoT R2D is prioritized over other transmissions. • A-IoT R2D is de-prioritized over other transmissions. • A-IoT CW is prioritized over other transmissions. • A-IoT CW is de-prioritized over other transmissions. • A-IoT paging is prioritized over other transmissions.

[0109] <Option 2-2> In Option 2-2, one or more transmissions in the simultaneous transmission are skipped by the intermediate UE / CW node. For example, the intermediate UE / CW node decides which transmissions in the simultaneous transmission to drop.

[0110] <Related Technology 2> When an intermediate UE / CW node supports simultaneous transmission of at least one of patterns a to e, dynamic power sharing among multiple transmissions is supported. Related Technology 2 describes dynamic power sharing when simultaneous transmission is supported.

[0111] In the following examples, we will use pattern d, which is the simultaneous transmission of R2D to the A-IoT device and UL to the gNB or parent node. In other words, we will use the presence or absence of support for dynamic power sharing between the A-IoT power and the NR power as an example.

[0112] <Assumptions for related technology 2> The maximum power of A-IoT is P ＡＩｏＴ It is stated that the maximum power of NR is P ＮＲ It is stated that the total maximum power is P ｔｏｔａｌ It is stated as follows: P ＡＩｏＴ , P ＮＲ , and, P ｔｏｔａｌ These may be set individually or defined individually.

[0113] Here, "P ＡＩｏＴ +P ＮＲ >P ｔｏｔａｌ If this is the case, power adjustment will be necessary. In this case, there are two cases depending on whether or not dynamic power sharing is supported.

[0114] <Case 1 of Related Technology 2> In Related Technology 2, "P ＡＩｏＴ +P ＮＲ >P ｔｏｔａｌ Case 1 is defined as the case where the intermediate UE / CW node supports dynamic power sharing. In this Case 1, one of the following options 1 to 2 applies.

[0115] Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of Case 1 of Related Technology 2. Figure 13 shows examples of each of Options 1 to 3 of Case 1 of Related Technology 2 described above. Options 1 to 3 in Figure 13 represent the maximum power P of NR before power sharing is performed. ＮＲ and the maximum power P of A-IoT ＡＩｏＴ The power state #1, which is the sum of the two, and the state #2, which is the state after power sharing has been performed on state #1, are shown.

[0116] <Option 1> In Option 1, the intermediate UE / CW node has a total transmit power of P ｔｏｔａｌ To prevent exceeding a certain limit, the R2D transmission power of A-IoT is reduced. Then, through dynamic power sharing, the total transmission power becomes P ｔｏｔａｌ With power adjusted so as not to exceed a certain limit, the intermediate UE / CW node may simultaneously perform R2D transmission to the A-IoT device and UL transmission to the gNB or parent node.

[0117] <Option 2> The intermediate UE / CW node has a total transmit power of P ｔｏｔａｌ The NR's transmit power is reduced so that it does not exceed P. Then, through dynamic power sharing, the total transmit power becomes P ｔｏｔａｌ With power adjusted so as not to exceed a certain limit, the intermediate UE / CW node may simultaneously perform R2D transmission to the A-IoT device and UL transmission to the gNB or parent node.

[0118] <Option 3> The intermediate UE / CW node has a total transmit power of P ｔｏｔａｌ To prevent exceeding a certain limit, both the R2D transmission power of A-IoT and the transmission power of NR are reduced. Then, through dynamic power sharing, the total transmission power becomes P ｔｏｔａｌ With each power adjusted so as not to exceed a certain limit, the intermediate UE / CW node may simultaneously perform R2D transmission to the A-IoT device and UL transmission to the gNB or parent node. In option 3, how the R2D transmission power of the A-IoT and the transmission power of the NR are adjusted may be specified by the specification or indicated by the network.

[0119] In addition, in options 1 to 3 above, NR transmission or A-IoT R2D transmission may be replaced with CW transmission.

[0120] Furthermore, while the case of related technology 1 was given as an example of pattern d, i.e., dynamic power sharing with simultaneous transmission of R2D to an A-IoT device and UL to a gNB or parent node, this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0121] For example, consider pattern c, which is dynamic power sharing with simultaneous transmission of CW to one or more A-IoT devices and R2D to one or more A-IoT devices. In this example, in options 1 to 3 above, the power of NR transmission "P ＮＲ " is the power of CW transmission "P ＣＷ This can be replaced with ". And in Option 1, the intermediate UE / CW node has a total transmit power of P ｔｏｔａｌ To prevent exceeding this limit, the R2D transmit power of the A-IoT is dropped. In Option 2, the intermediate UE / CW node has a total transmit power of P ｔｏｔａｌ To ensure that the transmission power P of CW transmission does not exceed this limit, ＣＷ Drop it. In option 3, the intermediate UE / CW node has a total transmit power of P ｔｏｔａｌ To prevent exceeding a certain limit, both the R2D transmission power for A-IoT and the transmission power for CW transmission are reduced.

[0122] The choice of which of the above options 1 to 3 to apply may be determined by the specifications, set by the network, or decided according to the capabilities of the intermediate UE / CW node.

[0123] Furthermore, the choice of which of the above options 1 to 3 to apply may be determined according to a priority rule. This priority rule may be similar to the priority rule shown for option 1 in case 2 of related technology 2 described later.

[0124] <Case 2 of Related Technology 2> In Related Technology 2, "P ＡＩｏＴ +P ＮＲ >P ｔｏｔａｌCase 2 of related technology 2 is defined as the case where "and the intermediate UE / CW node does not support dynamic power sharing." In this case 2, the total transmitted power is P because one of the two transmissions is performed and the other is not. ｔｏｔａｌ Ensure it does not exceed [a certain limit]. For example, one of the following two options will apply.

[0125] <Option 1> Prioritization rules are identified. For example, "P ＡＩｏＴ +P ＮＲ >P ｔｏｔａｌ If the above conditions are met and the intermediate UE / CW node does not support dynamic power sharing, then, according to the priority rules, either the A-IoT R2D transmission or the UL transmission may be performed. In this case, the other of the two transmissions will not be performed (it will be dropped).

[0126] For example, priority is determined based on the following rules. In the following explanation, "a" > "b" indicates that a has higher priority than b. - Transmissions to be performed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority of the channel type and signal type of overlapping transmissions. - Transmissions to be performed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority of the traffic flow of overlapping transmissions. - Transmissions to be performed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority of the instruction / setting. For example, priority may be set as follows: "Transmission of a signal with a relatively high priority instruction" > "Transmission of a signal with a relatively low priority instruction". - Transmissions to be performed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority of the transmission timing. For example, priority may be set as follows: "Transmission that starts relatively early" > "Transmission that starts relatively late". - Transmissions to be performed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority of the scheduling timing. For example, priority can be set as follows: "Transmissions corresponding to relatively slower scheduling" > "Transmissions corresponding to relatively faster scheduling".

[0127] For example, one of the following rules applies: • NR-Uu UL is prioritized over other transmissions. • NR-Uu UL is de-prioritized over other transmissions. • A-IoT R2D is prioritized over other transmissions. • A-IoT R2D is de-prioritized over other transmissions. • A-IoT CW is prioritized over other transmissions. • A-IoT CW is de-prioritized over other transmissions. • A-IoT paging is prioritized over other transmissions.

[0128] <Option 2> In Option 2, one of the two transmissions is skipped by the intermediate UE / CW node. For example, the intermediate UE / CW node decides which of the two transmissions to drop.

[0129] In the above-mentioned Related Technology 2, Case 2 uses pattern d, i.e., simultaneous transmission of R2D to an A-IoT device and UL to a gNB or parent node, as an example. However, Case 2 of Related Technology 2 may be applied to other patterns. For example, in cases where dynamic power sharing with pattern c, i.e., simultaneous transmission of CW to one or more A-IoT devices and R2D to one or more A-IoT devices, is not supported, option 1 may perform either the A-IoT R2D transmission or the CW transmission according to a priority rule. In this case, the other of the two transmissions is not performed (dropped).

[0130] <Related Technology 3> Related Technology 3 describes the appropriate operation when communication as an int. UE overlaps with other communications. While the explanation primarily focuses on overlap at the physical layer, it is not limited to this and may also be applied to overlap at higher layers (e.g., the MAC layer). Furthermore, Related Technology 3 describes the specific processing time required for signal processing etc. by an int. UE, and the relationship between communication as an int. UE and other communications.

[0131] In the following, the case in which other communications are between a UE and a base station (e.g., UL communications, DL communications) will be referred to as Case α, and the case in which other communications are between UEs (e.g., SL communications) will be referred to as Case β.

[0132] <Case α> For example, in topology 2, when int. UE transmits as int. UE, other transmissions may occur at int. UE, and the transmission as int. UE and the other transmissions may overlap in time.

[0133] Here, other transmissions are transmissions independent of the operation as int. UE. Below, transmissions independent of the operation as int. UE may be referred to as independent transmissions (independent TX).

[0134] For example, in case α, independent transmission includes UL transmission as a UE. Below, transmission of an uplink as a UE, independent of the operation as an UE, may be referred to as independent UL or independent UL transmission.

[0135] Here, the overlap described above can be considered in two ways: Overlap #A and Overlap #B. • Overlap #A: Overlap between an independent UL and a transmission from int. UE to A-IoT. • Overlap #B: Overlap between an independent UL and a UL for reporting communication between int. UE and A-IoT (e.g., transmission of signal R).

[0136] In overlap #A, the transmission from int. UE to A-IoT includes the transmission of at least one of the following signals: • A signal to wake up the A-IoT UE and / or a carrier waveform provided to the A-IoT for backscattering (e.g., signal Y) • A signal to transmit information to the A-IoT UE (e.g., signal Z) Note that signal Z may not contain information and may be a signal for backscattering transmission.

[0137] Figure 14 shows an example of overlap in the DT case. Figure 14 shows the signal flow between the base station (gNB), the int. UE, and the A-IoT UE. Note that since this is the DT case in topology 2, there is information transmission to the A-IoT UE, but there is no information transmission from the A-IoT UE.

[0138] Figure 14 shows an example where an independent UL and a transmission from int. UE to A-IoT overlap. Figure 14 also shows an example where an independent UL and a UL for reporting communication between int. UE and A-IoT overlap.

[0139] Figure 15 shows an example of overlap in the DO-DTT case. Figure 15 shows the signal flow between the base station (gNB), the int. UE, and the A-IoT UE. Since this is the DO-DTT case in topology 2, there is information transmission to the A-IoT UE and information transmission from the A-IoT UE.

[0140] Figure 15 shows an example where an independent UL and a transmission from int. UE to A-IoT overlap. Figure 15 also shows an example where an independent UL and a UL for reporting communication between int. UE and A-IoT overlap.

[0141] Figures 14 and 15 show an example where both an independent UL and a UL for reporting communication between int. UE and A-IoT are executed for the same base station, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the destination of the independent UL and the destination of the UL for reporting communication between int. UE and A-IoT may be different base stations.

[0142] In case α of this embodiment, the overlap is not limited to an overlap of actual timing. For example, in this embodiment, the overlap may not be an overlap of actual timing, but may include multiple transmissions within the same time unit (e.g., a slot, a certain time interval, and a switching period). For example, taking overlap #A as an example, if an independent UL and a transmission from int. UE to A-IoT are instructed / configured to be executed in the same slot, the independent UL and the transmission from int. UE to A-IoT may be judged to overlap. Furthermore, the overlap may mean at least an overlap in the time domain.

[0143] In topology 2, if an overlap in transmissions related to the operation of int. UE occurs, int. UE handles the overlap.

[0144] The specific methods for handling this are described below. Note that each of the methods described below may be applied to each overlap type (for example, overlap #A and #B). Furthermore, the applicable mechanism of the methods described below may differ between overlap types. Also, the applicable mechanism of the methods described below may be applied based on the capability of int. UE.

[0145] <α-1. Method for simultaneous transmission (hereinafter, Method α-1)> In Method α-1, overlapping transmissions are performed simultaneously. In Method α-1, transmission power may be allocated between overlapping transmissions. For example, a power allocation priority may be set. Then, a larger transmission power may be allocated to the higher priority transmission.

[0146] Figure 16 shows an example where method α-1 is applied in the case shown in Figure 14. Similar to Figure 14, Figure 16 shows the signal flow between the base station (gNB), the int. UE, and the A-IoT UE. Note that since this is the DT case in topology 2, there is information transmission to the A-IoT UE, but there is no information transmission from the A-IoT UE.

[0147] Figure 16 shows an example where overlapping independent ULs and transmissions from int. UE to A-IoT are transmitted simultaneously. Figure 16 also shows an example where overlapping independent ULs and a UL for reporting communication between int. UE and A-IoT are transmitted simultaneously.

[0148] Transmit power may be allocated based on the priority between overlapping transmissions. For example, transmit power may be allocated based on at least one of the following priorities. In the following explanation, "a" > "b" indicates that a has a higher priority than b.

[0149] For example, transmit power may be allocated based on the priority of overlapping transmit channel types and signal types. Exemplary, the priority may be set as follows: "PRACH / PUCCH" > "Signal Y / Signal Z" > "PUSCH (e.g., DG (dynamic grant) PUSCH and / or CG (configured grant) PUSCH)".

[0150] For example, transmit power may be allocated based on the priority of overlapping transmit traffic flows. Exemplary priorities may be set as follows: "Signal Y / Signal Z for DO-DTT" > "UL" > "Signal Y / Signal Z for DT".

[0151] Transmit power may be allocated based on the priority of instructions / settings. For example, priority may be set as follows: "UL with a relatively high priority instruction" > "Signal Y / Signal Z with a relatively low priority instruction". Priority may also be indicated by signal X (a signal from the base station to int.UE).

[0152] Transmission power may be allocated based on the priority of transmission timing. For example, priority may be set such that "transmissions that start relatively early" > "transmissions that start relatively late".

[0153] Transmit power may be allocated based on the priority of scheduling timing. For example, priority may be set such that "transmits corresponding to relatively later scheduling" > "transmits corresponding to relatively earlier scheduling".

[0154] Priorities may be set based on numerology and / or subcarrier spacing (SCS), and transmit power may be allocated based on the set priorities. For example, if the numerology and / or SCS is changed, priorities may be set based on whether or not the numerology and / or SCS has been changed.

[0155] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the SCS of that transmission has been changed from the SCS of the previous transmission. For example, the priority of transmission X is higher if the SCS of transmission X has not been changed from the SCS of the previous transmission than the priority of transmission X if the SCS of transmission X has been changed from the SCS of the previous transmission. Note that "previous transmission" may mean, for example, the most recent or immediately preceding transmission. Alternatively, the SCS of the previous transmission may be replaced with the SCS that has been set or notified and is currently in effect. The same applies hereafter.

[0156] For example, in a case where transmission X (e.g., an independent UL) and transmission Y (e.g., a transmission from int.UE to A-IoT) overlap, if the SCS of transmission X has not changed from the SCS of the transmission prior to transmission X, and the SCS of transmission Y has changed from the SCS of the transmission prior to transmission Y, then the priority of transmission X is higher than the priority of transmission Y. Here, "transmission prior to transmission X" corresponds to, for example, an independent UL or transmission from int.UE to A-IoT prior to the independent UL corresponding to transmission X, and "transmission prior to transmission Y" corresponds to, for example, an independent UL or transmission from int.UE to A-IoT prior to the transmission from int.UE to A-IoT corresponding to transmission Y. Note that if there is no change in the SCS of both transmission X and transmission Y, the priority from the perspective of SCS may be the same. Also, if there is a change in the SCS of both transmission X and transmission Y, the priority from the perspective of SCS may be the same.

[0157] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the neurology of that transmission has changed from the neurology of the transmission preceding it. For example, the priority of transmission X is higher if the neurology of transmission X has not changed from the neurology of the transmission preceding it than the priority of transmission X if the neurology of transmission X has not changed from the neurology of the transmission preceding it. Note that the neurology of the previous transmission may be replaced with a neurology that has been set or notified and is currently in effect. The same applies hereafter.

[0158] For example, in a case where transmit X and transmit Y overlap, if the neural network of transmit X has not changed from the neural network of the transmit before transmit X, but the neural network of transmit Y has changed from the neural network of the transmit before transmit Y, then transmit X has a higher priority than transmit Y. Note that if there is no change in the neural networks of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a neural network perspective may be the same. Also, if there is a change in the neural networks of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a neural network perspective may be the same.

[0159] For example, priority may be set based on the waveform. For example, if the waveform used during transmission is changed by selecting a waveform from among several candidates, priority may be set based on the waveform. For example, the waveform candidates may include waveforms such as DFT-S-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). Alternatively, modulation schemes such as OOK (On-Off-Keying) may be included. The same applies hereafter.

[0160] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the waveform of that transmission has been changed from the waveform of the previous transmission. For instance, the priority of a transmission X is higher if its waveform has not been changed from the waveform of the previous transmission, than if its waveform has been changed from the waveform of the previous transmission.

[0161] For example, in a case where transmit X and transmit Y overlap, if the waveform of transmit X has not changed from the waveform of the transmit before transmit X, but the waveform of transmit Y has changed from the waveform of the transmit before transmit Y, then the priority of transmit X is higher than the priority of transmit Y. Note that if there is no change in the waveforms of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a waveform perspective may be the same. Also, if there is a change in the waveforms of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a waveform perspective may be the same. Note that the waveform of the previous transmit may be replaced with the waveform that has been set or notified and is currently being applied. The same applies hereafter.

[0162] For example, priority may be set based on frequency. For example, if the frequency (e.g., BWP or band) changes, priority may be set based on whether or not the frequency has changed.

[0163] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the frequency of that transmission has been changed from the frequency of the transmission before it. For instance, the priority of a transmission X is higher if its frequency has not been changed from the frequency of the transmission before it, than if its frequency has been changed from the frequency of the transmission before it.

[0164] For example, in a case where transmit X and transmit Y overlap, if the frequency of transmit X has not changed from the frequency of the transmit before transmit X, but the frequency of transmit Y has changed from the frequency of the transmit before transmit Y, then transmit X has a higher priority than transmit Y. If there is no frequency change for both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority in terms of frequency may be the same. Similarly, if there is a frequency change for both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority in terms of frequency may be the same. The frequency of the previous transmit may be replaced with the frequency that has been set or notified and is currently in effect. The same applies hereafter.

[0165] Furthermore, A-IoT may be introduced within the guard band or in a standalone band. In other words, the frequency of A-IoT may be set within the guard band or in a standalone band.

[0166] Note that the priority of signal R may be the same as the priority of the corresponding signal Y / signal Z.

[0167] If an independent UL or transmission from an int. UE to an A-IoT, or if signal R consists of multiple transmissions, the priority may be set to the highest priority among those multiple transmissions.

[0168] In method α-1 described above, when operations related to two overlapping communications are each executable, the operations related to the two overlapping communications can be executed appropriately.

[0169] <α-2. Method of transmitting one and dropping the other (hereinafter, Method α-2)> Which transmission is performed and / or which transmission is dropped may be determined based on the priority between overlapping transmissions. For example, the transmission to be performed and / or the transmission to be dropped may be determined based on at least one of the following priorities.

[0170] Figure 17 shows an example where method α-2 is applied in the case shown in Figure 14. Similar to Figure 14, Figure 17 shows the signal flow between the base station (gNB), the int. UE, and the A-IoT UE. Note that since this is the DT case in topology 2, there is information transmission to the A-IoT UE, but there is no information transmission from the A-IoT UE.

[0171] In the example in Figure 17, of the two overlapping independent ULs in Figure 14 and the transmission from int. UE to A-IoT, the independent UL is executed and the transmission from int. UE to A-IoT is dropped. Also, in the example in Figure 17, of the two overlapping independent ULs in Figure 14 and the UL for reporting the communication between int. UE and A-IoT, the UL for reporting the communication between int. UE and A-IoT is executed and the independent UL is dropped.

[0172] For example, the transmissions to be performed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority of the channel type and signal type of overlapping transmissions. For example, the priority may be set as follows: "PRACH / PUCCH" > "Signal Y / Signal Z" > "PUSCH (e.g., DG PUSCH and / or CG PUSCH)".

[0173] For example, transmissions to be performed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority of overlapping transmission traffic flows. Exemplary priorities may be set as follows: "Signal Y / Signal Z for DO-DTT" > "UL" > "Signal Y / Signal Z for DT".

[0174] Based on the priority of instructions / settings, it may be determined which transmissions are executed and / or which are dropped. For example, priorities may be set as follows: "UL with a relatively high priority instruction" > "Signal Y / Signal Z with a relatively low priority instruction". Priority may also be indicated by signal X (a signal from the base station to int.UE).

[0175] Based on the priority of transmission timing, it may be determined which transmissions are executed and / or which are dropped. For example, priority may be set such that "transmissions that start relatively early" > "transmissions that start relatively late".

[0176] Based on the scheduling timing priority, it may be determined which transmissions are executed and / or which are dropped. For example, priority may be set such that "transmissions corresponding to relatively later scheduling" > "transmissions corresponding to relatively earlier scheduling".

[0177] Priorities may be set based on the numerology and / or subcarrier spacing (SCS), and based on the set priorities, it may be determined which transmissions are executed and / or which are dropped. For example, if the numerology and / or SCS are changed, priorities may be set based on whether or not the numerology and / or SCS have been changed.

[0178] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the SCS of that transmission has been changed from the SCS of the previous transmission. For example, the priority of transmission X is higher if the SCS of transmission X has not been changed from the SCS of the previous transmission X, than if the SCS of transmission X has been changed from the SCS of the previous transmission X.

[0179] For example, in a case where transmission X (e.g., an independent UL) and transmission Y (e.g., a transmission from int.UE to A-IoT) overlap, if the SCS of transmission X has not changed from the SCS of the transmission prior to transmission X, and the SCS of transmission Y has changed from the SCS of the transmission prior to transmission Y, then the priority of transmission X is higher than the priority of transmission Y. Here, "transmission prior to transmission X" corresponds to, for example, an independent UL or transmission from int.UE to A-IoT prior to the independent UL corresponding to transmission X, and "transmission prior to transmission Y" corresponds to, for example, an independent UL or transmission from int.UE to A-IoT prior to the transmission from int.UE to A-IoT corresponding to transmission Y. Note that if there is no change in the SCS of both transmission X and transmission Y, the priority from the perspective of SCS may be the same. Also, if there is a change in the SCS of both transmission X and transmission Y, the priority from the perspective of SCS may be the same.

[0180] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the neural network of that transmission has been changed from the neural network of the transmission before it. For example, the priority of transmission X is higher if the neural network of transmission X has not been changed from the neural network of the transmission before it.

[0181] For example, in a case where transmit X and transmit Y overlap, if the neural network of transmit X has not changed from the neural network of the transmit before transmit X, but the neural network of transmit Y has changed from the neural network of the transmit before transmit Y, then transmit X has a higher priority than transmit Y. Note that if there is no change in the neural networks of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a neural network perspective may be the same. Also, if there is a change in the neural networks of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a neural network perspective may be the same.

[0182] For example, priority may be set based on the waveform. For example, if the waveform used during transmission is changed by selecting a waveform from among several candidates, priority may be set based on the waveform. For example, the waveform candidates may include DFT-S-OFDM waveforms, etc.

[0183] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the waveform of that transmission has been changed from the waveform of the previous transmission. For instance, the priority of a transmission X is higher if its waveform has not been changed from the waveform of the previous transmission, than if its waveform has been changed from the waveform of the previous transmission.

[0184] For example, in a case where transmit X and transmit Y overlap, if the waveform of transmit X is unchanged from the waveform of the transmit before transmit X, but the waveform of transmit Y is changed from the waveform of the transmit before transmit Y, then transmit X has a higher priority than transmit Y. Note that if there is no change in the waveforms of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a waveform perspective may be the same. Also, if there is a change in the waveforms of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a waveform perspective may be the same.

[0185] For example, priority may be set based on frequency. For example, if the frequency (e.g., BWP or band) changes, priority may be set based on whether or not the frequency has changed.

[0186] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the frequency of that transmission has been changed from the frequency of the transmission before it. For instance, the priority of a transmission X is higher if its frequency has not been changed from the frequency of the transmission before it, than if its frequency has been changed from the frequency of the transmission before it.

[0187] For example, in a case where transmit X and transmit Y overlap, if the frequency of transmit X has not changed from the frequency of the transmit before transmit X, but the frequency of transmit Y has changed from the frequency of the transmit before transmit Y, then transmit X has a higher priority than transmit Y. Note that if there is no frequency change for both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority in terms of frequency may be the same. Also, if there is a frequency change for both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority in terms of frequency may be the same.

[0188] Furthermore, A-IoT may be introduced within the guard band or in a standalone band. In other words, the frequency of A-IoT may be set within the guard band or in a standalone band.

[0189] Note that the priority of signal R may be the same as the priority of the corresponding signal Y / signal Z.

[0190] If an independent UL or transmission from an int. UE to an A-IoT, or if signal R consists of multiple transmissions, the priority may be set to the highest priority among those multiple transmissions.

[0191] In method α-2 described above, one of the operations related to the two overlapping communications is performed while the other is not, thereby ensuring that the operations related to the two overlapping communications are executed appropriately. Furthermore, by not executing part of the operations related to the two communications, the possibility of interference between the two communications can be avoided.

[0192] In addition, in method α-2, "drop" may be replaced with "delay." In this case, "transmission to be executed" and "transmission to be dropped" may be replaced with "transmission to be executed without delay" and "transmission to be executed with delay," respectively.

[0193] In method α-2, it is possible that each of the overlapping transmissions may be dropped and not transmitted. For example, if the priority of each of the overlapping transmissions is lower than a threshold, each of the overlapping transmissions may be dropped.

[0194] <α-3. Method of multiplexing overlapping transmissions into a single transmission (hereinafter, Method α-3)> In Method α-3, overlapping transmissions are multiplexed into a single transmission. For example, multiplexing is performed in the overlap between signal R and independent UL in overlap #B.

[0195] Figure 18 shows an example where method α-3 is applied in the case shown in Figure 14. Similar to Figure 14, Figure 18 shows the signal flow between the base station (gNB), the int. UE, and the A-IoT UE. Note that since this is the DT case in topology 2, there is information transmission to the A-IoT UE, but there is no information transmission from the A-IoT UE.

[0196] In Figure 18, the independent ULs that overlapped in Figure 14 and the UL for reporting communication between the int. UE and A-IoT (e.g., transmission of signal R) are multiplexed as a single transmission.

[0197] For example, in the case where signal R in overlap #B described above is PUCCH and the reported information is UCI, one of the following methods is applied.

[0198] If the overlapping independent UL is a PUCCH, then signal R and the independent UL are multiplexed in the PUCCH. The PUCCH resource into which signal R and the independent UL are multiplexed may be either the PUCCH resource for the independent UL or the PUCCH resource for signal R, or it may be a different PUCCH resource.

[0199] If the overlapping independent UL is a PUCCH, the signal R and the independent UL are multiplexed in the PUCCH. The PUCCH resource into which the signal R and the independent UL are multiplexed may be the PUCCH resource of the independent UL.

[0200] When multiplexing occurs, channel coding and rate matching may be applied integrally to the multiplexed information (or signals) or individually. When applied individually, one coding rate is determined first, and then the other coding rate is determined, using a new parameter defined for the signal R.

[0201] If the signal R in overlap #B described above is PUSCH, and the overlapping independent UL is PUCCH, then the UCI in PUCCH is multiplexed with signal R in PUSCH. Note that the PUSCH resource in which the UCI and signal R are multiplexed may be the PUSCH resource of signal R.

[0202] In method α-3 described above, the operations related to the two overlapping communications can be properly executed by multiplexing the two overlapping transmissions into a single transmission. Furthermore, by multiplexing the two transmissions into a single transmission, the possibility of interference occurring between the two communications can be avoided.

[0203] <α-4. A method applying any of the above methods α-1, α-2, or α-3 (Method α-4)> In Method α-4, one of the above methods α-1, α-2, or α-3 is selectively applied. In Method α-4, which of the above methods α-1, α-2, or α-3 is applied may be determined on a case-by-case basis. For example, it may be determined on at least one of the following:

[0204] - Whether it is a full overlap or a partial overlap: For example, if one of the time intervals of two transmissions completely overlaps the other, the overlap of the two transmissions is a full overlap. Also, if there are parts in each of the two transmission time intervals that do not overlap, the overlap of the two transmissions is a partial overlap.

[0205] - Transmission power limit: For example, if the transmission power is not sufficient for simultaneous transmission (e.g., method α-1), method α-2 is applied. If the transmission power is sufficient for simultaneous transmission (e.g., method α-1), method α-1 is applied.

[0206] - Frequency resources (total bandwidth of overlapping transmissions) For example, if the bandwidth of overlapping transmissions extends to a wider bandwidth than a threshold (e.g., X MHz), method α-2 may be applied; otherwise, method α-1 may be applied.

[0207] - Frequency resources (whether they are in the same bandwidth (same BWP, same band, etc.) or different bandwidths (different BWP, different band, etc.)) For example, if overlapping transmissions are on the same BWP, method α-1 may be applied; otherwise, method α-2 may be applied. For example, if overlapping transmissions are in the same cell group, method α-2 may be applied; otherwise, method α-1 may be applied.

[0208] - Types of overlapping channels / signals: For example, if PRACH overlaps with signals Y / Z / R, method α-2 applies. Also, if PUCCH / PUSCH overlaps with signals Y / Z / R, method α-1 or method α-3 applies.

[0209] - UE capabilities (e.g., duplex-related capabilities) - UE capabilities (e.g., capabilities related to cell group / PUCCH group / RF-chain / band combination)

[0210] Based on the neurology and / or SCS, the applicable method may be determined from methods α-1, α-2, and α-3. For example, in a case where transmission X (e.g., an independent UL) and transmission Y (e.g., a transmission from int.UE to A-IoT) overlap, if the SCS of transmission X is the same as the SCS of transmission Y, method α-1 may be applied. For example, in a case where transmission X and transmission Y overlap, if the SCS of transmission X is not the same as the SCS of transmission Y, method α-2 or method α-3 may be applied.

[0211] • Waveform For example, the method to be applied may be determined based on the waveform. A waveform may be associated with one of methods α-1, α-2, or α-3, and the method associated with the waveform to be used may be applied.

[0212] (Variation of Method α-4) In cases where an independent UL or an int. UE is transmitted to an A-IoT, or where signal R is transmitted multiple times, if Method α-1 is applicable to all of the multiple transmissions, then only Method α-1 is applied.

[0213] In cases of transmission from an independent UL or int. UE to an A-IoT, or when signal R is a multiple transmission, if method α-3 is applicable to all of the multiple transmissions, only method α-3 is applied.

[0214] In cases where an independent UL or transmission from an int. UE to an A-IoT, or where signal R is a multiple transmission, if method α-1 is not applicable to all of the multiple transmissions, or if method α-3 is not applicable to all of the multiple transmissions, then method α-2 is applied. Here, "if method α-1 is not applicable to all of the multiple transmissions" means that at least one of the multiple transmissions is to be operated by a method other than method α-1.

[0215] In method α-4 described above, by selecting a method from methods α-1 to α-3 to apply to multiple overlapping transmissions, the operations related to each of the two overlapping communications can be performed appropriately.

[0216] <α-5. Processing Time> Next, we will explain processing time. Here, processing time refers to the processing time of a UE (for example, int.UE) that allows it to complete its processing.

[0217] The processing time between receiving a scheduling request for transmission from BS to A-IoT UE and the transmission corresponding to that scheduling is defined. The UE will perform the transmission only if the defined processing time requirement is met.

[0218] Processing time may be defined for each neurology and / or SCS. For example, processing time may be defined based on which neurology and / or SCS is used, or based on whether or not a neurology and / or SCS switch is required. The neurology and / or SCS used may be associated with processing time, or whether or not a neurology and / or SCS switch is required may be associated with processing time, or both the neurology and / or SCS used and whether or not a neurology and / or SCS switch is required may be associated with processing time.

[0219] Processing time may be defined based on the waveform. For example, processing time may be defined based on which waveform is used, or based on whether or not waveform switching is required. The waveform used may be associated with processing time, or whether or not waveform switching is required may be associated with processing time, or both the waveform used and whether or not waveform switching is required may be associated with processing time.

[0220] Processing time may be defined based on frequency (e.g., carrier / band). For example, processing time may be defined based on which carrier / band is used, or based on whether or not carrier / band switching is required. The carrier / band used may be associated with processing time, or whether or not carrier / band switching is required may be associated with processing time, or both the carrier / band used and whether or not carrier / band switching is required may be associated with processing time.

[0221] Here, if overlap occurs between multiple transmissions (multiple channels / signals), the UE assumes that the overlapping channels / signals also satisfy the processing time requirements above. Here, the overlapping multiple transmissions include transmission X (e.g., an independent UL) and transmission Y (e.g., a transmission from int.UE to A-IoT).

[0222] For example, in two overlapping channels X and Y, if channel Y, which overlaps channel X, starts earlier than channel X, the processing time is compared with the time gap between the reception of the scheduling from BS and the overlapping channel Y. Note that channel X may be replaced with signal X, and channel Y may be replaced with signal Y.

[0223] In two overlapping transmissions (for example, transmissions on channel X and channel Y), the time between the later of the two reception timings (the reception timing for the channel X transmission schedule and the reception timing for the channel Y transmission schedule) and the earlier of the two transmission timings (the transmission timing for channel X and the transmission timing for channel Y) may be compared with the processing time. If the time between the later of the two reception timings and the earlier of the two transmission timings is greater than or equal to the processing time, at least one of the two transmissions may be executed. For example, similar to method α-1 above, the two transmissions may be performed simultaneously; similar to method α-2, one of the two transmissions may be dropped; and similar to method α-3, the two transmissions may be multiplexed.

[0224] For example, in two overlapping channels X and Y, if the neuraly of channel X and / or the neuraly of channel X at the time of receiving the scheduling of channel X differs from the neuraly of channel Y and / or the neuraly of channel Y at the time of receiving the scheduling of channel Y, the processing time will be determined based on one of the following neuralies. Note that channels may be replaced with signals. Furthermore, the scheduling of transmission for channel X and the scheduling of transmission for channel Y may also be included in the neuraly comparison described above. - The smaller neuraly - The larger neuraly - The neuraly of the channel that starts earlier among multiple overlapping channels - The neuraly of the channel that starts later among multiple overlapping channels - The neuraly of the channel with the larger time width among multiple overlapping channels - The neuraly of the channel with the smaller time width among multiple overlapping channels

[0225] For example, in two overlapping channels X and Y, if the SCS of channel X and / or the SCS at the time of receiving the scheduling of channel X differs from the SCS of channel Y and / or the SCS at the time of receiving the scheduling of channel Y, the processing time will be determined based on one of the following SCS values. Note that channels may be replaced with signals. Furthermore, the transmission scheduling of channel X and the transmission scheduling of channel Y may also be included in the above SCS comparison. - The smaller of the two SCS values ​​- The larger of the two SCS values ​​- The SCS of the channel that starts first among the multiple overlapping channels - The SCS of the channel that starts later among the multiple overlapping channels - The SCS of the channel with the larger time width among the multiple overlapping channels - The SCS of the channel with the smaller time width among the multiple overlapping channels

[0226] For example, in two overlapping channels X and Y, if the waveform of channel X differs from the waveform at the time of receiving the scheduling for channel X and / or channel Y, and / or the waveform of channel Y, the processing time will be determined based on one of the following waveforms. Note that channels may be replaced with signals. Furthermore, the scheduling of transmission for channel X and the scheduling of transmission for channel Y may also be included in the waveform comparison described above. - The waveform associated with the one with the longer processing time among the two different waveforms - The waveform of the channel that starts first among multiple overlapping channels - The waveform of the channel that starts later among multiple overlapping channels - The waveform of the channel with the larger time width among multiple overlapping channels - The waveform of the channel with the smaller time width among multiple overlapping channels

[0227] In the above α-5, int. UE receives first scheduling information relating to the scheduling of a first communication (e.g., transmission from int. UE to A-IoT) relating to communication between BS and A-IoT UE via int. UE, and executes the first communication scheduled by the first scheduling information after a processing time has elapsed since receiving the first scheduling information. If there is an overlap between the first communication and a second communication (e.g., an independent UL) relating to communication between int. UE and BS, int. UE executes at least one of the first communication and the second communication after a processing time has elapsed since receiving the first scheduling information.

[0228] According to α-5 above, when an int. UE communicates as an int. UE, and / or when it communicates in a manner different from that of an int. UE, a specific processing time can be secured for the int. UE to perform signal processing, etc., between receiving scheduling information related to the communication and transmitting the corresponding schedule. Furthermore, even when communication as an int. UE overlaps with other communications (e.g., independent ULs), a specific processing time can be secured for the int. UE to perform signal processing, etc., between receiving the scheduling and transmitting the corresponding schedule.

[0229] (Variations of overlap in Case α) Methods α-1 to α-4 described in Case α above may be applied to overlaps between transmission and reception, as well as overlaps between reception and reception, similar to overlaps between transmissions. For example, "transmission" in each of the above methods may be replaced with "reception".

[0230] There are two cases of overlap between transmission and reception: • When an int. UE receives as an int. UE, another transmission (e.g., an independent UL) occurs at the int. UE, causing the reception as an int. UE and the other transmission to overlap in time. • When an int. UE transmits as an int. UE, another reception occurs at the int. UE, causing the transmission as an int. UE and the other reception to overlap in time.

[0231] Here, other receptions are receptions independent of the operation as an int. UE. Below, receptions independent of the operation as an int. UE may be referred to as independent reception (independent RX). For example, in case α, independent reception includes receiving the downlink as a UE. Below, receiving the downlink as a UE, independent of the operation as an int. UE, may be referred to as independent DL or independent DL reception.

[0232] Reception as an int. UE includes the reception of signals transmitted from an A-IoT UE to an int. UE and the reception of signals transmitted from a base station to an int. UE.

[0233] Furthermore, the following cases exist for overlap between receptions: • When an int. UE receives data as an int. UE, another reception (e.g., an independent DL) occurs within the int. UE, causing the reception as an int. UE and the other reception to overlap in time.

[0234] In cases of overlap between transmission and reception, any of methods α-1 to α-4 may be applied as follows: (i) If method α-1 is applied, transmission and reception are performed simultaneously. (ii) If method α-2 is applied, one of the transmission or reception is performed and the other is dropped. Which is performed and / or which is dropped may be determined based on the priority between the overlapping transmission and reception. (iii) If method α-4 is applied, it is decided whether to apply either method α-1 or method α-2 (for example, either (i) or (ii) above). For example, similar to method α-4, the decision may be made based on the circumstances. Here, the circumstances that influence the decision include at least one of the following: whether it is a full overlap or a partial overlap, the type of overlapping channels / signals, the capability of the UE, etc.

[0235] In cases of overlap between receptions, any of methods α-1 to α-4 may be applied as follows: (iv) If method α-1 is applied, the overlapping receptions are performed simultaneously. (v) If method α-2 is applied, one of the overlapping receptions is performed and the other is dropped. Which is performed and / or which is dropped may be determined based on the priority between the overlapping receptions. (vi) If method α-4 is applied, it is decided whether to apply either method α-1 or method α-2 (for example, either (iv) or (v) above). For example, similar to method α-4, the decision may be made based on the circumstances. Here, the circumstances that influence the decision include at least one of the following: whether it is a full overlap or a partial overlap, the type of overlapping channels / signals, the capability of the UE, etc.

[0236] While the above explanation uses the overlap between two operations (send and send, send and receive, receive and receive) as an example, this disclosure is not limited to this. This disclosure may also apply when there is overlap between three or more operations.

[0237] For example, methods α-1 to α-4 may be applied to the overlap between transmission and transmission and reception, or to the overlap between transmission and reception and reception.

[0238] For example, in a case where the transmission in step 2 of the communication flow (hereinafter referred to as TX1) and the reception in step 3 (hereinafter referred to as RX) overlap with each other, and the transmission of an independent UL (hereinafter referred to as TX2) further overlaps, any of the above methods α-1 to α-4 may be applied in the following manner: (vii) When method α-1 is applied, the overlapping TX1, TX2, and RX are executed simultaneously. (viii) When method α-2 is applied, some of the overlapping operations are executed, and the rest are dropped. For example, TX1 and RX are executed, and TX2 is dropped. Or, TX2 is executed, and TX1 and RX are dropped. Which of the three overlapping operations are executed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority among the overlapping operations (e.g., TX1, TX2, and RX). (ix) When method α-4 is applied, it is determined whether to apply either method α-1 or method α-2 (for example, either (vii) or (viiii) above). For example, the decision may be made on a situational basis, similar to method α-4. Here, the situational factors that influence the decision include at least one of the following: whether it is a full overlap or a partial overlap, the type of overlapping channels / signals, the capability of the UE, etc.

[0239] Furthermore, communication between int. UE and A-IoT UE may be classified as a side link from the perspective of int. UE. In this case, the handling (or operation) of the overlap case between UL and SL may be applied to overlap #A. Also, in this case, the handling (or operation) of the overlap case between UL and UL related to SL may be applied to overlap #B.

[0240] Alternatively, communication between int. UE and A-IoT UE can be classified as downlink / uplink from the perspective of int. UE. For example, communication from int. UE to A-IoT UE is classified as downlink (DL), and communication from A-IoT UE to int. UE is classified as uplink (UL).

[0241] In the case α described above, if an overlap occurs between the first communication between int. UE and the base station and the second communication between the base station and the A-IoT UE via int. UE, int. UE decides to execute at least one of the first or second communication, and performs the determined at least one of the communications. This allows for appropriate communication when a communication different from the communication in the A-IoT communication system overlaps.

[0242] <Case β> For example, in topology 2, when int. UE transmits as int. UE, other transmissions (e.g., independent transmissions) may occur at int. UE, and the transmission as int. UE and the other transmissions may overlap in time.

[0243] In case β, independent transmission includes SL transmission as a UE. Below, transmission of a sidelink as a UE, independent of its operation as an UE, may be referred to as independent SL (independent UL) or independent SL transmission.

[0244] Here, the overlap described above can be considered in two ways: overlap #A' and overlap #B'. • Overlap #A': Overlap between independent SL transmission and transmission from int. UE to A-IoT. • Overlap #B': Overlap between independent UL transmission and UL for reporting communication between int. UE and A-IoT (e.g., transmission of signal R).

[0245] In overlap #A', the transmission from int. UE to A-IoT includes the transmission of at least one of the following signals: • A signal to wake up the A-IoT UE and / or a carrier waveform provided to the A-IoT for backscattering (e.g., signal Y) • A signal to transmit information to the A-IoT UE (e.g., signal Z) Note that signal Z may not contain information and may be a signal for backscattering transmission.

[0246] Figure 19 shows an example of overlap in the DT case. Figure 19 shows the signal flow between the base station (gNB), the int. UE, and the A-IoT UE. Note that since this is the DT case in topology 2, there is information transmission to the A-IoT UE, but there is no information transmission from the A-IoT UE. Also, Figure 19 shows that another UE (another UE) communicates with the int. UE via SL communication.

[0247] Figure 19 shows an example where independent SL transmission and transmission from int. UE to A-IoT overlap. Figure 19 also shows an example where independent SL transmission and UL for reporting communication between int. UE and A-IoT overlap.

[0248] Figure 20 shows an example of overlap in the DO-DTT case. Figure 20 shows the signal flow between the base station (gNB), the int. UE, and the A-IoT UE. Since this is the DO-DTT case in topology 2, there is information transmission to the A-IoT UE and information transmission from the A-IoT UE. Figure 20 also shows that another UE (another UE) communicates with the int. UE via SL communication.

[0249] Figure 20 shows an example where independent SL transmission and transmission from int. UE to A-IoT overlap. Figure 20 also shows an example where independent SL transmission and UL for reporting communication between int. UE and A-IoT overlap.

[0250] In case β of this embodiment, the overlap is not limited to an overlap of actual timing. For example, in this embodiment, the overlap may not be an overlap of actual timing, but may include multiple transmissions within the same time unit (e.g., a slot, a certain time interval, and a switching period). For example, taking overlap #A' as an example, if an independent SL transmission and a transmission from int. UE to A-IoT are instructed / configured to be executed in the same slot, the independent SL transmission and the transmission from int. UE to A-IoT may be judged to overlap. Furthermore, the overlap may mean at least an overlap in the time domain.

[0251] In topology 2, if an overlap occurs between transmissions related to the operation of int. UE and other independent SLs, int. UE will handle the overlap.

[0252] The specific methods for handling this are described below. Note that each of the methods described below may be applied to each overlap type (for example, overlap #A' and #B'). Furthermore, the applicable mechanism of the methods described below may differ between overlap types. Also, the applicable mechanism of the methods described below may be applied based on the capability of int. UE.

[0253] Independent SL transmission may be based on network scheduling, or it may be based on autonomous operation by the UE.

[0254] <β-1. Method for simultaneous transmission (hereinafter, Method β-1)> In Method β-1, overlapping transmissions are performed simultaneously. In Method β-1, transmission power may be allocated between overlapping transmissions. For example, a power allocation priority may be set. Then, a larger transmission power may be allocated to the transmission with the higher priority.

[0255] Figure 21 shows an example where method β-1 is applied in the case shown in Figure 19. Similar to Figure 19, Figure 21 shows the signal flow between the base station (gNB), the int. UE, the A-IoT UE, and other UEs. Note that since this is the DT case in topology 2, there is information transmission to the A-IoT UE, but there is no information transmission from the A-IoT UE.

[0256] Figure 21 shows an example where overlapping independent SL transmissions and transmissions from int. UE to A-IoT are transmitted simultaneously. Figure 21 also shows an example where overlapping independent SL transmissions and ULs for reporting communication between int. UE and A-IoT are transmitted simultaneously.

[0257] Transmit power may be allocated based on the priority between overlapping transmissions. For example, transmit power may be allocated based on at least one of the following priorities. In the following explanation, "a" > "b" indicates that a has a higher priority than b.

[0258] For example, transmit power may be allocated based on the priority of overlapping transmit channel types and signal types. For instance, priority may be set as follows: "PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) (DG and / or CG) / PSFCH (Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel)" > "Signal Y / Signal Z" > "S-SSB (sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)".

[0259] For example, transmit power may be allocated based on the priority of overlapping transmit traffic flows. Exemplary priorities may be set as follows: "Signal Y / Signal Z for DO-DTT" > "SL" > "Signal Y / Signal Z for DT".

[0260] Transmit power may be allocated based on instruction / setting priority. For example, priority may be set as follows: "SL with relatively high priority instruction" > "signal Y / signal Z with relatively low priority instruction". Alternatively, priority may be set as follows: "signal Y / signal Z with relatively high priority instruction" > "SL with relatively low priority instruction". Priority may also be indicated by signal X (signal from base station to int. UE). Furthermore, priority for SL may be defined by specification, instructed / set, or determined by int. UE.

[0261] Transmission power may be allocated based on the priority of transmission timing. For example, priority may be set such that "transmissions that start relatively early" > "transmissions that start relatively late".

[0262] Transmit power may be allocated based on the priority of scheduling / decision timing. For example, priority may be set such that "transmits corresponding to relatively late scheduling / decisions" > "transmits corresponding to relatively early scheduling / decisions".

[0263] The transmission power may be allocated based on how the decision to transmit SL (Signal Limit) was made. For example, a priority may be set such as "Signal Y / Signal Z" > "SL based on UE's autonomous resource allocation".

[0264] Priorities may be set based on numerology and / or subcarrier spacing (SCS), and transmit power may be allocated based on the set priorities. For example, if the numerology and / or SCS is changed, priorities may be set based on whether or not the numerology and / or SCS has been changed.

[0265] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the SCS of that transmission has been changed from the SCS of the previous transmission. For example, the priority of transmission X is higher if the SCS of transmission X has not been changed from the SCS of the previous transmission than the priority of transmission X if the SCS of transmission X has been changed from the SCS of the previous transmission. Note that "previous transmission" may mean, for example, the most recent or immediately preceding transmission. Alternatively, the SCS of the previous transmission may be replaced with the SCS that has been set or notified and is currently in effect. The same applies hereafter.

[0266] For example, in a case where transmission X (e.g., an independent SL transmission) and transmission Y (e.g., a transmission from int.UE to A-IoT) overlap, if the SCS of transmission X has not changed from the SCS of the transmission prior to transmission X, and the SCS of transmission Y has changed from the SCS of the transmission prior to transmission Y, then the priority of transmission X is higher than the priority of transmission Y. Here, "transmission prior to transmission X" corresponds to, for example, an independent SL transmission or transmission from int.UE to A-IoT prior to the independent SL transmission corresponding to transmission X, and "transmission prior to transmission Y" corresponds to, for example, an independent SL transmission or transmission from int.UE to A-IoT prior to the transmission from int.UE to A-IoT corresponding to transmission Y. Note that if there is no change in the SCS of both transmission X and transmission Y, the priority from the perspective of SCS may be the same. Also, if there is a change in the SCS of both transmission X and transmission Y, the priority from the perspective of SCS may be the same.

[0267] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the neurology of that transmission has changed from the neurology of the transmission preceding it. For example, the priority of transmission X is higher if the neurology of transmission X has not changed from the neurology of the transmission preceding it than the priority of transmission X if the neurology of transmission X has not changed from the neurology of the transmission preceding it. Note that the neurology of the previous transmission may be replaced with a neurology that has been set or notified and is currently in effect. The same applies hereafter.

[0268] For example, in a case where transmit X and transmit Y overlap, if the neural network of transmit X has not changed from the neural network of the transmit before transmit X, but the neural network of transmit Y has changed from the neural network of the transmit before transmit Y, then transmit X has a higher priority than transmit Y. Note that if there is no change in the neural networks of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a neural network perspective may be the same. Also, if there is a change in the neural networks of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a neural network perspective may be the same.

[0269] For example, priority may be set based on the waveform. For example, if the waveform used during transmission is changed by selecting a waveform from among several candidates, priority may be set based on the waveform. For example, the waveform candidates may include DFT-S-OFDM waveforms, or modulation schemes such as OOK (On-Off-Keying). The same applies hereafter.

[0270] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the waveform of that transmission has been changed from the waveform of the previous transmission. For instance, the priority of a transmission X is higher if its waveform has not been changed from the waveform of the previous transmission, than if its waveform has been changed from the waveform of the previous transmission.

[0271] For example, in a case where transmit X and transmit Y overlap, if the waveform of transmit X has not changed from the waveform of the transmit before transmit X, but the waveform of transmit Y has changed from the waveform of the transmit before transmit Y, then the priority of transmit X is higher than the priority of transmit Y. Note that if there is no change in the waveforms of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a waveform perspective may be the same. Also, if there is a change in the waveforms of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a waveform perspective may be the same. Note that the waveform of the previous transmit may be replaced with the waveform that has been set or notified and is currently being applied. The same applies hereafter.

[0272] For example, priority may be set based on frequency. For example, if the frequency (e.g., BWP or band) changes, priority may be set based on whether or not the frequency has changed.

[0273] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the frequency of that transmission has been changed from the frequency of the transmission before it. For instance, the priority of a transmission X is higher if its frequency has not been changed from the frequency of the transmission before it, than if its frequency has been changed from the frequency of the transmission before it.

[0274] For example, in a case where transmit X and transmit Y overlap, if the frequency of transmit X has not changed from the frequency of the transmit before transmit X, but the frequency of transmit Y has changed from the frequency of the transmit before transmit Y, then transmit X has a higher priority than transmit Y. If there is no frequency change for both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority in terms of frequency may be the same. Similarly, if there is a frequency change for both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority in terms of frequency may be the same. The frequency of the previous transmit may be replaced with the frequency that has been set or notified and is currently in effect. The same applies hereafter.

[0275] Furthermore, A-IoT may be introduced within the guard band or in a standalone band. In other words, the frequency of A-IoT may be set within the guard band or in a standalone band.

[0276] Note that the priority of signal R may be the same as the priority of the corresponding signal Y / signal Z.

[0277] In the case of independent SL transmission, or transmission from int. UE to A-IoT, or when signal R consists of multiple transmissions, the priority may be set to the highest priority among the priorities of those multiple transmissions.

[0278] In method β-1 described above, when operations related to two overlapping communications are each executable, the operations related to the two overlapping communications can be executed appropriately.

[0279] <β-2. Method of transmitting one and dropping the other (hereinafter, Method β-2)> Which transmission is performed and / or which transmission is dropped may be determined based on the priority between overlapping transmissions. For example, the transmission to be performed and / or the transmission to be dropped may be determined based on at least one of the following priorities.

[0280] Figure 22 shows an example where method β-2 is applied in the case shown in Figure 19. Similar to Figure 19, Figure 22 shows the signal flow between the base station (gNB), the int. UE, the A-IoT UE, and other UEs. Note that since this is the DT case in topology 2, there is information transmission to the A-IoT UE, but there is no information transmission from the A-IoT UE.

[0281] In the example in Figure 22, of the two overlapping independent SL transmissions in Figure 19, the independent SL transmission is executed and the transmission from int. UE to A-IoT is dropped. Also, in the example in Figure 22, of the two overlapping independent SL transmissions in Figure 19, the UL for reporting communication between int. UE and A-IoT is executed and the independent SL transmission is dropped.

[0282] For example, the transmissions to be performed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority of the overlapping channel types and signal types. For example, the priority may be set as follows: "PSCCH / PSSCH (DG and / or CG) / PSFCH" > "Signal Y / Signal Z" > "S-SSB".

[0283] For example, transmissions to be performed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority of overlapping transmission traffic flows. Exemplary priorities may be set as follows: "Signal Y / Signal Z for DO-DTT" > "SL" > "Signal Y / Signal Z for DT".

[0284] Based on the priority of instructions / settings, it may be determined which transmissions are executed and / or which are dropped. For example, priorities may be set as follows: "SL with a relatively high priority instruction" > "Signal Y / Signal Z with a relatively low priority instruction". Alternatively, priorities may be set as follows: "Signal Y / Signal Z with a relatively high priority instruction" > "SL with a relatively low priority instruction". Priority may also be indicated by signal X (a signal from the base station to int.UE). Furthermore, the priority for SL may be defined by the specification, instructed / set, or determined by int.UE.

[0285] Based on the priority of transmission timing, it may be determined which transmissions are executed and / or which are dropped. For example, priority may be set such that "transmissions that start relatively early" > "transmissions that start relatively late".

[0286] Based on the priority of scheduling / decision timing, it may be determined which transmissions are executed and / or which are dropped. For example, priority may be set such that "transmissions corresponding to relatively later scheduling / decisions" > "transmissions corresponding to relatively earlier scheduling / decisions".

[0287] The transmission power may be allocated based on how the decision to transmit SL (Signal Limit) was made. For example, a priority may be set such as "Signal Y / Signal Z" > "SL based on UE's autonomous resource allocation".

[0288] Priorities may be set based on the numerology and / or subcarrier spacing (SCS), and based on the set priorities, it may be determined which transmissions are executed and / or which are dropped. For example, if the numerology and / or SCS are changed, priorities may be set based on whether or not the numerology and / or SCS have been changed.

[0289] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the SCS of that transmission has been changed from the SCS of the previous transmission. For example, the priority of transmission X is higher if the SCS of transmission X has not been changed from the SCS of the previous transmission X, than if the SCS of transmission X has been changed from the SCS of the previous transmission X.

[0290] For example, in a case where transmission X (e.g., an independent SL transmission) and transmission Y (e.g., a transmission from int.UE to A-IoT) overlap, if the SCS of transmission X has not changed from the SCS of the transmission prior to transmission X, and the SCS of transmission Y has changed from the SCS of the transmission prior to transmission Y, then the priority of transmission X is higher than the priority of transmission Y. Here, "transmission prior to transmission X" corresponds to, for example, an independent SL transmission or transmission from int.UE to A-IoT prior to the independent SL transmission corresponding to transmission X, and "transmission prior to transmission Y" corresponds to, for example, an independent SL transmission or transmission from int.UE to A-IoT prior to the transmission from int.UE to A-IoT corresponding to transmission Y. Note that if there is no change in the SCS of both transmission X and transmission Y, the priority from the perspective of SCS may be the same. Also, if there is a change in the SCS of both transmission X and transmission Y, the priority from the perspective of SCS may be the same.

[0291] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the neural network of that transmission has been changed from the neural network of the transmission before it. For example, the priority of transmission X is higher if the neural network of transmission X has not been changed from the neural network of the transmission before it.

[0292] For example, in a case where transmit X and transmit Y overlap, if the neural network of transmit X has not changed from the neural network of the transmit before transmit X, but the neural network of transmit Y has changed from the neural network of the transmit before transmit Y, then transmit X has a higher priority than transmit Y. Note that if there is no change in the neural networks of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a neural network perspective may be the same. Also, if there is a change in the neural networks of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a neural network perspective may be the same.

[0293] For example, priority may be set based on the waveform. For example, if the waveform used during transmission is changed by selecting a waveform from among several candidates, priority may be set based on the waveform. For example, the waveform candidates may include DFT-S-OFDM waveforms, etc.

[0294] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the waveform of that transmission has been changed from the waveform of the previous transmission. For instance, the priority of a transmission X is higher if its waveform has not been changed from the waveform of the previous transmission, than if its waveform has been changed from the waveform of the previous transmission.

[0295] For example, in a case where transmit X and transmit Y overlap, if the waveform of transmit X is unchanged from the waveform of the transmit before transmit X, but the waveform of transmit Y is changed from the waveform of the transmit before transmit Y, then transmit X has a higher priority than transmit Y. Note that if there is no change in the waveforms of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a waveform perspective may be the same. Also, if there is a change in the waveforms of both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority from a waveform perspective may be the same.

[0296] For example, priority may be set based on frequency. For example, if the frequency (e.g., BWP or band) changes, priority may be set based on whether or not the frequency has changed.

[0297] For example, in a given transmission, priority is set depending on whether the frequency of that transmission has been changed from the frequency of the transmission before it. For instance, the priority of a transmission X is higher if its frequency has not been changed from the frequency of the transmission before it, than if its frequency has been changed from the frequency of the transmission before it.

[0298] For example, in a case where transmit X and transmit Y overlap, if the frequency of transmit X has not changed from the frequency of the transmit before transmit X, but the frequency of transmit Y has changed from the frequency of the transmit before transmit Y, then transmit X has a higher priority than transmit Y. Note that if there is no frequency change for both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority in terms of frequency may be the same. Also, if there is a frequency change for both transmit X and transmit Y, their priority in terms of frequency may be the same.

[0299] Furthermore, A-IoT may be introduced within the guard band or in a standalone band. In other words, the frequency of A-IoT may be set within the guard band or in a standalone band.

[0300] Note that the priority of signal R may be the same as the priority of the corresponding signal Y / signal Z.

[0301] If an independent SL, or a transmission from int. UE to A-IoT, or a signal R consists of multiple transmissions, the priority may be set to the highest priority among the priorities of those multiple transmissions.

[0302] In method β-2 described above, one of the operations related to two overlapping communications is performed while the other is not, thereby ensuring that the operations related to the two overlapping communications are executed appropriately. Furthermore, by not executing part of the operations related to the two communications, the possibility of interference between the two communications can be avoided.

[0303] In method β-2, "drop" may be replaced with "delay." In this case, "transmission to be executed" and "transmission to be dropped" may be replaced with "transmission to be executed without delay" and "transmission to be executed with delay," respectively.

[0304] In method β-2, it is possible that each of the overlapping transmissions may be dropped and not transmitted. For example, if the priority of each of the overlapping transmissions is lower than a threshold, each of the overlapping transmissions may be dropped.

[0305] <β-3. A method applying either method β-1 or method β-2 above (Method β-3)> In Method β-3, either method β-1 or method β-2 above is selectively applied. In Method β-3, the decision of which of Method β-1 or Method β-2 to apply may be made based on the circumstances. For example, it may be made based on at least one of the following:

[0306] - Whether it is a full overlap or a partial overlap: For example, if one of the time intervals of two transmissions completely overlaps the other, the overlap of the two transmissions is a full overlap. Also, if there are parts in each of the two transmission time intervals that do not overlap, the overlap of the two transmissions is a partial overlap.

[0307] - Transmission power limit: For example, if the transmission power is not sufficient for simultaneous transmission (e.g., method β-1), method β-2 is applied. If the transmission power is sufficient for simultaneous transmission (e.g., method β-1), method β-1 is applied.

[0308] - Frequency resources (total bandwidth of overlapping transmissions) For example, if the bandwidth of overlapping transmissions extends to a wider bandwidth than a threshold (e.g., X MHz), method β-2 may be applied; otherwise, method β-1 may be applied.

[0309] - Frequency resources (whether they are in the same bandwidth (same BWP, same band, etc.) or different bandwidths (different BWP, different band, etc.)) For example, if overlapping transmissions are on the same BWP, method β-1 may be applied; otherwise, method β-2 may be applied. For example, if overlapping transmissions are in the same cell group, method β-2 may be applied; otherwise, method β-1 may be applied.

[0310] - Overlapping channel types / signal types: For example, if there is an overlap between "PSCCH / PSSCH (DG and / or CG) / PSFCH" and "Signal Y / Signal Z / Signal R", method β-2 is applied. Also, if there is an overlap between "S-SSB" and "Signal Y / Signal Z / Signal R", method β-1 is applied.

[0311] UE capabilities (e.g., capabilities related to cell group / PUCCH group / RF-chain / band combination)

[0312] ・Numerology and / or SCS Based on the numerology and / or SCS, the applicable method may be determined from methods β-1 and β-2. For example, in the case where transmission X (e.g., independent SL transmission) and transmission Y (e.g., transmission from int.UE to A-IoT) overlap, if the SCS of transmission X is the same as the SCS of transmission Y, method β-1 may be applied. For example, in the case where transmission X and transmission Y overlap, if the SCS of transmission X is not the same as the SCS of transmission Y, method β-2 may be applied.

[0313] • Waveform For example, the method to be applied may be determined based on the waveform. A waveform may be associated with either method β-1 or method β-2, and the method associated with the waveform to be used may be applied.

[0314] In method β-3 described above, by selecting a method from methods β-1 to β-2 to apply to multiple overlapping transmissions, the operations related to each of the two overlapping communications can be performed appropriately.

[0315] (Variation of Method β-3) In the case of independent SL transmission, or transmission from int. UE to A-IoT, or in the case where signal R is a multiple transmission, if Method β-1 is applicable to all of the multiple transmissions, only Method β-1 is applied.

[0316] In cases of independent SL transmission, or transmission from int. UE to A-IoT, or where signal R is a multiple transmission, if method β-1 is not applicable to all of the multiple transmissions, method β-2 is applied. Here, "if method β-1 is not applicable to all of the multiple transmissions" means that a method other than method β-1 is applied to at least one of the multiple transmissions.

[0317] <β-4. Processing Time> Next, we will explain processing time. Here, processing time refers to the processing time of a UE (for example, int.UE) that allows it to complete its processing.

[0318] The processing time between receiving a scheduling request for transmission from BS to A-IoT UE and the transmission corresponding to that scheduling is defined. The UE will perform the transmission only if the defined processing time requirement is met.

[0319] Processing time may be defined for each neurology and / or SCS. For example, processing time may be defined based on which neurology and / or SCS is used, or based on whether or not a neurology and / or SCS switch is required. The neurology and / or SCS used may be associated with processing time, or whether or not a neurology and / or SCS switch is required may be associated with processing time, or both the neurology and / or SCS used and whether or not a neurology and / or SCS switch is required may be associated with processing time.

[0320] Processing time may be defined based on the waveform. For example, processing time may be defined based on which waveform is used, or based on whether or not waveform switching is required. The waveform used may be associated with processing time, or whether or not waveform switching is required may be associated with processing time, or both the waveform used and whether or not waveform switching is required may be associated with processing time.

[0321] Processing time may be defined based on frequency (e.g., carrier / band). For example, processing time may be defined based on which carrier / band is used, or based on whether or not carrier / band switching is required. The carrier / band used may be associated with processing time, or whether or not carrier / band switching is required may be associated with processing time, or both the carrier / band used and whether or not carrier / band switching is required may be associated with processing time.

[0322] Here, if overlap occurs between multiple transmissions (multiple channels / signals), the UE assumes that the overlapping channels / signals also satisfy the processing time requirements above. Here, the overlapping transmissions include transmission X (e.g., independent SL transmission) and transmission Y (e.g., transmission from int.UE to A-IoT).

[0323] For example, in two overlapping channels X and Y, if channel Y, which overlaps channel X, starts earlier than channel X, the processing time is compared with the time gap between the reception of the scheduling from BS and the overlapping channel Y. Note that channel X may be replaced with signal X, and channel Y may be replaced with signal Y.

[0324] In two overlapping transmissions (for example, transmissions on channel X and channel Y), the time between the later of the two reception timings (the reception timing for the channel X transmission schedule and the reception timing for the channel Y transmission schedule) and the earlier of the two transmission timings (the transmission timing for channel X and the transmission timing for channel Y) may be compared with the processing time. If the time between the later of the two reception timings and the earlier of the two transmission timings is greater than or equal to the processing time, at least one of the two transmissions may be executed. For example, similar to method β-1 above, the two transmissions may be performed simultaneously, or similar to method β-2, one of the two transmissions may be dropped.

[0325] For example, in two overlapping channels X and Y, if the neuraly of channel X and / or the neuraly of channel X at the time of receiving the scheduling of channel X differs from the neuraly of channel Y and / or the neuraly of channel Y at the time of receiving the scheduling of channel Y, the processing time will be determined based on one of the following neuralies. Note that channels may be replaced with signals. Furthermore, the scheduling of transmission for channel X and the scheduling of transmission for channel Y may also be included in the neuraly comparison described above. - The smaller neuraly - The larger neuraly - The neuraly of the channel that starts earlier among multiple overlapping channels - The neuraly of the channel that starts later among multiple overlapping channels - The neuraly of the channel with the larger time width among multiple overlapping channels - The neuraly of the channel with the smaller time width among multiple overlapping channels

[0326] For example, in two overlapping channels X and Y, if the SCS of channel X and / or the SCS at the time of receiving the scheduling of channel X differs from the SCS of channel Y and / or the SCS at the time of receiving the scheduling of channel Y, the processing time will be determined based on one of the following SCS values. Note that channels may be replaced with signals. Furthermore, the transmission scheduling of channel X and the transmission scheduling of channel Y may also be included in the above SCS comparison. - The smaller of the two SCS values ​​- The larger of the two SCS values ​​- The SCS of the channel that starts first among the multiple overlapping channels - The SCS of the channel that starts later among the multiple overlapping channels - The SCS of the channel with the larger time width among the multiple overlapping channels - The SCS of the channel with the smaller time width among the multiple overlapping channels

[0327] For example, in two overlapping channels X and Y, if the waveform of channel X differs from the waveform at the time of receiving the scheduling for channel X and / or channel Y, and / or the waveform of channel Y, the processing time will be determined based on one of the following waveforms. Note that channels may be replaced with signals. Furthermore, the scheduling of transmission for channel X and the scheduling of transmission for channel Y may also be included in the waveform comparison described above. - The waveform associated with the one with the longer processing time among the two different waveforms - The waveform of the channel that starts first among multiple overlapping channels - The waveform of the channel that starts later among multiple overlapping channels - The waveform of the channel with the larger time width among multiple overlapping channels - The waveform of the channel with the smaller time width among multiple overlapping channels

[0328] In β-4 described above, int. UE receives first scheduling information relating to the scheduling of a first communication (e.g., transmission from int. UE to A-IoT) relating to communication between BS and A-IoT UE via int. UE, and executes the first communication scheduled by the first scheduling information after a processing time has elapsed since receiving the first scheduling information. If there is an overlap between the first communication and a second communication (e.g., independent SL transmission) relating to communication between int. UE and another UE, int. UE executes at least one of the first communication and the second communication after a processing time has elapsed since receiving the first scheduling information.

[0329] According to β-4 above, when an int. UE communicates as an int. UE, and / or when it communicates in a manner different from that of an int. UE, a specific processing time can be secured for the int. UE to perform signal processing, etc., between receiving scheduling information related to the communication and performing a transmission corresponding to the scheduling. Furthermore, even when communication as an int. UE overlaps with other communications (e.g., independent SL transmission), a specific processing time can be secured for the int. UE to perform signal processing, etc., between receiving the scheduling and performing a transmission corresponding to the scheduling.

[0330] Methods β-1 to β-3 described in case β above may be applied to the overlap between transmission and reception, as well as to the overlap between reception and reception. For example, "transmission" in each of the above methods may be replaced with "reception".

[0331] There are two cases of overlap between transmission and reception: • When an int. UE receives as an int. UE, another transmission (e.g., an independent SL transmission) occurs at the int. UE, causing the reception as an int. UE and the other transmission to overlap in time. • When an int. UE transmits as an int. UE, another reception occurs at the int. UE, causing the transmission as an int. UE and the other reception to overlap in time.

[0332] Here, other receptions are receptions independent of the operation as an int. UE. Below, receptions independent of the operation as an int. UE may be referred to as independent reception (independent RX). For example, in case β, independent reception includes receiving the sidelink as a UE. Below, receiving the sidelink as a UE, independent of the operation as an int. UE, may be referred to as independent SL reception.

[0333] Reception as an int. UE includes the reception of signals transmitted from an A-IoT UE to an int. UE and the reception of signals transmitted from a base station to an int. UE.

[0334] Furthermore, the following cases exist for overlap between receptions: • When an int. UE receives data as an int. UE, another reception (e.g., independent SL reception) occurs at the int. UE, causing the reception as an int. UE and the other reception to overlap in time.

[0335] In cases of overlap between transmission and reception, any of methods β-1 to β-3 may be applied as follows: (i) If method β-1 is applied, transmission and reception are performed simultaneously. (ii) If method β-2 is applied, one of transmission or reception is performed and the other is dropped. Which is performed and / or which is dropped may be determined based on the priority between the overlapping transmission and reception. (iii) If method β-3 is applied, it is decided whether to apply either method β-1 or method β-2 (for example, either (i) or (ii) above). For example, similar to method β-3, the decision may be made based on the circumstances. Here, the circumstances that influence the decision include at least one of the following: whether it is a full overlap or a partial overlap, the type of overlapping channels / signals, the capability of the UE, etc.

[0336] In cases of overlap between receptions, any of methods β-1 to β-3 may be applied as follows: (iv) If method β-1 is applied, the overlapping receptions are performed simultaneously. (v) If method β-2 is applied, one of the overlapping receptions is performed and the other is dropped. Which is performed and / or which is dropped may be determined based on the priority between the overlapping receptions. (vi) If method β-3 is applied, it is decided whether to apply either method β-1 or method β-2 (for example, either (iv) or (v) above). For example, similar to method β-3, the decision may be made based on the circumstances. Here, the circumstances that influence the decision include at least one of the following: whether it is a full overlap or a partial overlap, the type of overlapping channels / signals, the capability of the UE, etc.

[0337] While the above explanation uses the overlap between two operations (send and send, send and receive, receive and receive) as an example, this disclosure is not limited to this. This disclosure may also apply when there is overlap between three or more operations.

[0338] For example, methods β-1 to β-3 may be applied to the overlap between transmission and transmission and reception, or to the overlap between transmission and reception and reception.

[0339] For example, in a case where the transmission in step 2 of the communication flow (hereinafter referred to as TX1) and the reception in step 3 (hereinafter referred to as RX) overlap with each other, and the transmission of an independent SL (hereinafter referred to as TX2) further overlaps, any of the above methods β-1 to β-3 may be applied in the following manner: (vii) When method β-1 is applied, the overlapping TX1, TX2, and RX are executed simultaneously. (viiii) When method β-2 is applied, some of the overlapping operations are executed, and the rest are dropped. For example, TX1 and RX are executed, and TX2 is dropped. Or, TX2 is executed, and TX1 and RX are dropped. Which of the three overlapping operations are executed and / or dropped may be determined based on the priority among the overlapping operations (e.g., TX1, TX2, and RX). (ix) When method β-3 is applied, it is determined whether to apply either method β-1 or method β-2 (for example, either (vii) or (viiii) above). For example, the decision may be made on a situational basis, similar to method β-3. Here, the situational factors that influence the decision include at least one of the following: whether it is a full overlap or a partial overlap, the type of overlapping channels / signals, the capability of the UE, etc.

[0340] Furthermore, communication between int. UE and A-IoT UE may be classified as a side link from the perspective of int. UE. In this case, the handling (or operation) of the overlap case between SLs may be applied to overlap #A'. Also, in this case, the handling (or operation) of the overlap case between an SL and a UL associated with an SL may be applied to overlap #B'.

[0341] Alternatively, communication between int. UE and A-IoT UE may be classified as downlink / uplink from the perspective of int. UE. For example, communication from int. UE to A-IoT UE is classified as downlink (DL), and communication from A-IoT UE to int. UE is classified as uplink (UL). In this case, the handling (or operation) of the overlap case between Uu (e.g., UL) and SL may be applied to overlap #A'. Also, in this case, the handling (or operation) of the overlap case between SL and UL may be applied to overlap #B'.

[0342] In the case β described above, if an overlap occurs between a first communication between two int. UEs and another int. UE, and a second communication between a base station and an A-IoT UE via an int. UE, int. UE decides to execute at least one of the first or second communication, and then executes the determined at least one of the communications. This allows for proper communication when a communication different from the communication in the A-IoT communication system overlaps.

[0343] In the above, we described case α as the case where other communications overlapping with communications as int. UE are communications between UEs and base stations (e.g., UL communications, DL communications), and case β as the case where other communications overlapping with communications as int. UE are communications between UEs (e.g., SL communications). Below, we will describe case γ as the case in which other communications overlapping with communications as int. UE include communications between UEs and base stations (e.g., UL communications, DL communications) and communications between UEs (e.g., SL communications).

[0344] <Case γ> In the case of overlap in handling of transmissions related to communication between UE and A-IoT UE, independent UL transmissions, and independent SL transmissions, these three types of overlaps may be handled together. For example, if a method is applied in which one of the overlapping operations is performed and the rest are dropped, as in methods α-2 and β-2 above, then the transmission with the highest priority of the three types is performed and the rest are dropped. Alternatively, the two transmissions with the higher priority of the three types may be performed and the transmission with the lowest priority may be dropped.

[0345] In the case of overlap in handling transmissions related to communication between UE and A-IoT UE, independent UL transmissions, and independent SL transmissions, any two of these three types may be handled first, followed by the remaining two.

[0346] For example, if a method is applied in which one of the overlapping operations is executed and the other is dropped, as in methods α-2 and β-2 above, the independent UL transmission and the independent SL transmission are handled first, and one of the two transmissions is dropped. Then, the transmissions that were not dropped and the transmissions related to communication between int. UE and A-IoT UE are handled, and one of the two transmissions is dropped.

[0347] When a method is applied in which one of the overlapping operations is performed and the other is dropped, as in methods α-2 and β-2 above, the independent UL transmission and the transmission related to communication between int. UE and A-IoT UE are handled first, and one of the two transmissions is dropped. Then, the transmission that was not dropped and the independent SL transmission are handled, and one of the two transmissions is dropped.

[0348] The order in which the three types are handled is not particularly limited, especially when two of them are handled first, followed by the remaining one.

[0349] In the above, for case γ, examples were given in which a method is applied in which one of the overlapping operations is performed and the rest is dropped, as in methods α-2 and β-2, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. Methods that perform multiple operations simultaneously, as in methods α-1 and β-1 above, and methods that multiplex multiple transmissions, as in α-3 above, may also be applied.

[0350] <Explanation of Terms> Here, we will summarize and explain the terms related to A-IoT mentioned above.

[0351] A-IoT device or device: A device included in an A-IoT system that has one of the above-mentioned types of devices.

[0352] • Leader: The D2R receiver leader may be either a BS or a UE. The UE acting as the leader may also be called an intermediate UE. • The R2D transmitter and D2R receiver may be on the same node or on different nodes.

[0353] - R2D: Abbreviation for Reader-to-Device link. - PRDCH: Abbreviation for physical R2D channel. - D2R: Abbreviation for Device-to-Reader link. - PRDCH: Abbreviation for physical D2R channel.

[0354] DT traffic: This is an abbreviation for Device Terminated traffic. DT traffic is, for example, traffic that sends commands from a reader to a device and terminates at the device.

[0355] - DO-DTT traffic: Device Originated-Device Terminated Trigger - DO-DTT traffic is, for example, "inventory" traffic.

[0356] The timing acquisition signal, preamble, midamble, postamble, and synchronization signal can be substituted for each other.

[0357] <Points to Consider> If an overlap occurs between transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) at an intermediate UE, the intermediate UE may handle the overlap in the following ways, as shown in the related technologies above: (1) Simultaneous transmission by prioritizing power allocation (2) Transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) one of them, and drop the other

[0358] However, in the following cases (a) to (c), the method by which the intermediate UE handles overlap needs to be clarified and further consideration is required: (a) when transmission (Tx) / reception (Rx) partially overlaps with other communications; (b) when R2D / D2R / CW is transmitted repeatedly; (c) when CW is two-tone.

[0359] For example, in case (b), if one or more repetitions overlap with other transmits (Tx) / receives (Rx), it is undecided whether the intermediate UE will drop the overlapping repetitions or drop all of them. Similarly, in case (c), if one of the tones overlaps with other transmits (Tx) / receives (Rx), it is undecided whether the intermediate UE will drop the overlapping tone or drop both tones.

[0360] Therefore, this embodiment describes a method for appropriately performing communication when multiple communications, including communications in an A-IoT communication system, overlap.

[0361] In this embodiment, "time resource" and "time domain resource" may be interchangeable. Similarly, in this embodiment, "frequency," "frequency resource," and "frequency domain resource" may be interchangeable. Likewise, in this embodiment, "code," "code resource," and "code domain resource" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in this embodiment, "signal monitoring" may be interchangeable with "signal reception."

[0362] Furthermore, in this embodiment, "R2D," "R2D signal," "R2D message," and "R2D message type" may be substituted for each other. Also, in this embodiment, "D2R," "D2R signal," "D2R message," and "D2R message type" may be substituted for each other.

[0363] The matters described in the following proposals may be combined as appropriate, provided that they do not create contradictions.

[0364] In the following proposals, the options may be combined as appropriate.

[0365] In the following proposals, different options may be applied on a case-by-case basis.

[0366] In the following proposal, indications / configurations may be transmitted by physical (PHY) layer control information or higher-layer payloads (e.g., MAC (Medium Access Control) layer control information, Msg0 (paging), Msg2 (RAR (Random Access Response)), Msg4, unicast data, etc.).

[0367] In the following proposal, the instructions in R2D may have the same meaning as described above.

[0368] In the following proposal, instructions / settings may be transmitted by PRDCH or R2D timing acquisition signals (preamble / midamble / postamble) / synchronization signals.

[0369] In the following proposal, a slot may be a time interval of 1 ms (i.e., one OFDM slot), a slotted ALOHA, or any other unit of time domain consisting of one or more symbols.

[0370] In the following proposal, the symbol may be a single OFDM symbol, an OOK M chip, or a single PSF / FSK modulation symbol.

[0371] In the following proposals, different alternatives / options may be applied to R2D and D2R.

[0372] In the following proposals, different alternatives / options may be applied depending on the device type.

[0373] In the following proposals, different connection topologies may be subject to different alternatives / options.

[0374] In the following proposals, different alternatives / options may be applied to different R2D / D2R channels (PRDCH: PHY channel for R2D control, PDRCH: PHY channel for D2R control).

[0375] In the following proposals, different R2D / D2R information / formats / commands (R2D data, R2D control, R2D system information, R2D information that triggers contention-based access, D2R data, D2R control, D2R ACK / NACK responses, D2R responses in contention-based access (Msg1 / Msg3)) may be subject to different alternatives / options.

[0376] In the following, "CW / R2D / D2R transmission" may also be referred to as communication in a wireless communication system including an A-IoT device, communication of an A-IoT device, communication with an A-IoT device, communication involving an A-IoT device, etc.

[0377] In the following, notifications may be carried in the Physical (PHY) layer / MAC layer / RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer / new layers defined for A-IoT.

[0378] <Assumptions> The assumptions for this proposal are as follows: - Intermediate UEs can be replaced with CW nodes. - Overlap may overlap in time but not in frequency. - Overlap may overlap in time and frequency. - "Overlap" may include transmit (Tx) / receive (Rx) in the same time unit (e.g., slot) without actual timing overlap. - "Overlap" may include transmit (Tx) / receive (Rx) that do not overlap in time but do not have a sufficient gap between them. - "Overlap" may include transmit (Tx) / receive (Rx) in the same frequency range / band even without actual frequency overlap. - "Overlap" may include transmit (Tx) / receive (Rx) that do not overlap in frequency but do not have a sufficient guard band between them. - For processing operations for overlap, operations similar to at least one operation shown in the related technologies above may be reused. Note that the processing operation for overlap may also be referred to as the overlap processing operation. Regarding priority, the same priority definition as at least one priority shown in the related technologies above may be reused.

[0379] Note that the overlap between transmission (Tx) and reception (Rx) may mean the following: • Uu / SL (sidelink) overlap between Tx and A-IoT Tx • Uu / SL overlap between Tx and A-IoT Rx • Uu / SL overlap between Rx and A-IoT Tx • Uu / SL overlap between Rx and A-IoT Rx

[0380] <Proposal 1> Proposal 1 describes the case where R2D transmission / D2R reception / CW transmission / UL transmission / DL reception / SL transmission / SL reception partially overlaps with other transmissions / receptions. Here, other transmissions / receptions are transmissions / receptions different from the overlapping transmissions / receptions, and may be, for example, at least one of R2D transmission / D2R reception / CW transmission / UL transmission / DL reception / SL transmission / SL reception. In the case of this partial overlap, any of the following may be included: - Transmissions / receptions partially overlap in time and completely overlap in frequency, partially overlap in frequency, or do not overlap in frequency. - Transmissions / receptions completely overlap in time and partially overlap in frequency.

[0381] <Option 1 of Proposal 1> In Option 1, the intermediate UE performs overlap processing only on the overlapping portion. In Option 1, the non-overlapping portion is unaffected. In other words, transmission / reception of the non-overlapping portion may be performed. The overlapping portion may be referred to as the duplicate portion.

[0382] For example, in the case of overlapping portions, the intermediate UE transmits both signals simultaneously. Here, both signals may be two overlapping signals. In this case, the transmit power of each transmission may be allocated based on priority.

[0383] For example, in the case of overlapping portions, the intermediate UE will, based on priority, execute one of the two overlapping transmit / receive requests and drop the other.

[0384] The granularity of the overlap processing may be defined. For example, in terms of time, the granularity of the overlap processing may be defined from among chips / bits / groups of chips / groups of bits, etc. Also, in terms of frequency, the granularity of the overlap processing may be defined from among subcarriers / RBs, etc.

[0385] Variation of Option 1: In the case of a drop operation, the intermediate UE may drop the actual overlapping portion and a specific period before and / or after the actual overlapping portion (e.g., a period of time T). The specific time may be set based on, for example, the time involved in switching between send / receive processing. By dropping the specific period, a potential send / receive switching time can be secured.

[0386] <Option 2 of Proposal 1> In Option 2, the UE (e.g., intermediate UE) performs the same overlapping processing operation for the entire send / receive process.

[0387] In option 2, for example, the transmit power may be determined based on the overlapping portion, and the same transmit power may be applied to the entire transmission. In other words, the transmit power for both the overlapping and non-overlapping portions may be determined based on the overlapping portion. The determination of the transmit power may be performed by the UE.

[0388] Alternatively, in Option 2, for example, the intermediate UE executes a certain transmission or reception based on priority and drops other transmissions / receptions. For example, among several overlapping transmissions, the transmission with the highest priority is executed, and all transmissions other than the highest priority transmission are dropped. In this case, even the non-overlapping portions of transmissions other than the highest priority transmission are dropped.

[0389] Figure 23 shows examples comparing each option of Proposal 1. Figure 23 shows an example where UL transmission and R2D transmission overlap in the time domain, and examples where Option 1, a variation of Option 1, and Option 2 of Proposal 1 are applied to that situation. The horizontal axis in each example represents the time axis.

[0390] As shown in Figure 23, in Option 1, R2D transmissions are partially dropped, and the undropped portions are executed. In a variation of Option 1, R2D transmissions are partially dropped, as well as the time period T before and after the dropped portion. In Option 2, R2D transmissions are dropped entirely.

[0391] In Proposal 1 described above, if an overlap occurs between a part of the first communication operation and a second communication operation that is different from the first communication operation, the intermediate UE determines which communication operation to perform between the overlapping part of the first communication operation and the second communication operation. The intermediate UE then performs the determined communication operation. The first communication operation is, for example, one of the following operations: R2D transmission / D2R reception / CW transmission / UL transmission / DL reception / SL transmission / SL reception. The second communication operation is, for example, one of the following operations: R2D transmission / D2R reception / CW transmission / UL transmission / DL reception / SL transmission / SL reception, and is different from the first communication operation.

[0392] For example, in Option 1 of Proposal 1, the overlap processing operation is applied to the overlapping portion, while the non-overlapping portion remains unaffected. In Option 2 of Proposal 1, the same overlap processing operation is applied to the entire system, including both the overlapping and non-overlapping portions. This allows for proper communication when multiple communications, including communications in an A-IoT communication system, overlap with each other.

[0393] <Proposal 1A> Proposal 1A is an example of repeated transmission as another variation of Proposal 1 above. Proposal 1A describes a case where an intermediate UE performs R2D transmission / D2R reception / CW transmission / UL transmission / DL reception / SL transmission / SL reception with repetition, and one or more of the repetitions overlap with other transmissions / receptions.

[0394] <Option 1 of Proposal 1A> In Option 1, the intermediate UE performs overlap processing only for overlapped repetition(s). Non-overlapping repetitions are unaffected in Option 1. In other words, sending / receiving non-overlapping repetitions may be performed. Overlapping repetitions may be referred to as overlapping repetitions.

[0395] For overlapping repetitions, the same operation as in Proposal 1 may be applied. For example, as in Proposal 1, the intermediate UE transmits both signals of the overlapping portion simultaneously. In this case, the transmit power of each transmission may be allocated based on priority. Alternatively, as in Proposal 1, the intermediate UE performs one of the multiple overlapping transmits / receives based on priority and drops the other.

[0396] Variation 1 of Option 1: A different option of Proposal 1 above is applied between the case of repetition and the case of non-repetition.

[0397] Variation 2 of Option 1: If an overlap with a certain signal X occurs in the i-th iteration (where i is an integer between 1 and N, and N is the number of repetitions), and another overlap with signal Y occurs in the j-th iteration (where j is an integer between 1 and N), the overlap processing operation is applied to each overlap.

[0398] <Option 2 of Proposal 1A> In Option 2, the UE (e.g., intermediate UE) performs the same overlapping operation for the entire send / receive process. In other words, in Option 2, the UE (e.g., intermediate UE) performs the same overlapping operation for all iterations.

[0399] In option 2, for example, the transmit power may be determined based on the overlap portion, and the same transmit power may be applied to all iterations. The determination of the transmit power may be performed by the UE. For example, if an overlap occurs in the i-th iteration (where i is an integer between 1 and N, and N is the number of iterations), the transmit power may be determined based on the i-th iteration, and the same transmit power as the i-th iteration may be applied to the other iterations from 1 to N.

[0400] Alternatively, in Option 2, for example, the intermediate UE executes certain transmission or reception repetitions and drops others based on priority. For example, among several overlapping repetitions, the highest-priority repetition is executed, and all other repetitions are dropped. In this case, even non-overlapping transmissions in repetitions other than the highest-priority one are dropped.

[0401] <Option 2 Variation 1> If an overlap with a certain signal X occurs in the i-th iteration (where i is an integer between 1 and N, and N is the number of iterations), and another overlap with signal Y occurs in the j-th iteration (where j is an integer between 1 and N), then one of the following applies: - An overlap processing operation is applied to either overlap. - If i < j, the overlap processing operation based on the i-th iteration is applied up to the j-th iteration, and then the overlap processing operation based on the j-th iteration is applied to the remaining part.

[0402] <Variation 2 of Option 2> When the intermediate UE drops an overlapped repetition, the intermediate UE drops all repetitions after the overlapped repetition. In this case, the intermediate UE does not need to drop the repetitions before the overlapped repetition.

[0403] Figure 24 shows examples comparing each option of Proposal 1A. Figure 24 shows an example of a situation where UL transmission and a portion of repeated R2D transmission overlap, and examples where Option 1, Option 2, and Variation 2 of Option 2 from Proposal 1A are applied to that situation. The horizontal axis in each example represents the time axis.

[0404] As shown in Figure 24, in the example of Option 1, overlapping R2D repeats h are partially dropped. In the example of Option 2, the entire R2D repeat transmission is dropped. In the example of Variation 2 of Option 2, among the R2D repeat transmissions, overlapping R2D repeats and all subsequent repeats are dropped.

[0405] Furthermore, the repetition of CW may be "CW corresponding to the repetition of D2R." Also, the repetition of CW may be "frequency hopping" of CW.

[0406] In Proposal 1A described above, if an overlap occurs between a part of the first communication operation and a second communication operation that is different from the first communication operation, the intermediate UE determines which communication operation to perform between the overlapping part of the first communication operation and the second communication operation. The intermediate UE then performs the determined communication operation. The first communication operation is, for example, a repeating operation of one of the following: R2D transmission / D2R reception / CW transmission / UL transmission / DL reception / SL transmission / SL reception, and the part of the first communication operation is at least one of these repeating operations. The second communication operation is, for example, one of the following: R2D transmission / D2R reception / CW transmission / UL transmission / DL reception / SL transmission / SL reception, and is a different operation from the first communication operation.

[0407] For example, in Option 1 of Proposal 1A, the overlap processing operation is applied to the overlapping portion, while the non-overlapping portion remains unaffected. In Option 2 of Proposal 1A, the same overlap processing operation is applied to the entire repetition, including both the overlapping and non-overlapping portions. This ensures that even when at least one of multiple communications, including communications in an A-IoT communication system, is repeated, communication can be performed appropriately even if the multiple communications overlap each other.

[0408] <Proposal 1B> Proposal 1B describes a case where an intermediate UE performs CW transmission with a multi-tone waveform, and at least one of the multiple tones overlaps with other transmissions / receptions. Note that tones may be replaced with carriers, frequencies, bands, etc.

[0409] <Option 1 of Proposal 1B> In Option 1, the intermediate UE performs overlap processing only on overlapped tones. In Option 1, non-overlapping tones are unaffected. In other words, CW transmission of non-overlapping tones may be performed.

[0410] Regarding CW with overlapping tones, the intermediate UE will transmit the overlapping tone. Alternatively, regarding CW with overlapping tones, the intermediate UE will drop the overlapping tone based on priority. Alternatively, regarding CW with overlapping tones, the intermediate UE may transmit or drop the overlapping tone based on priority.

[0411] Furthermore, the same operation as in Proposal 1 may be applied to overlapping CW tones. For example, as in Proposal 1, the intermediate UE transmits both overlapping signals simultaneously. In this case, the transmit power for each transmission may be allocated based on priority. Alternatively, as in Proposal 1, the intermediate UE performs one of the multiple overlapping transmits / receives based on priority and drops the other.

[0412] <Option 2 of Proposal 1B> In Option 2, the UE (e.g., intermediate UE) performs the same overlap processing operation for the entire transmit / receive process. In other words, in Option 2, the UE (e.g., intermediate UE) performs the same overlap processing operation for all tones.

[0413] For example, in Option 2, the intermediate UE transmits CW for all tones. Alternatively, in Option 2, the intermediate UE drops CW for all tones. For example, the intermediate UE may transmit CW for all tones or drop CW for all tones based on priority.

[0414] Figure 25 shows examples comparing each option of Proposal 1B. Figure 25 shows an example where the tone at frequency f1 of the two tones (UL transmission and CW transmission) overlaps in the time domain, and examples where Option 1 and Option 2 of Proposal 1B are applied to this situation. In each example, the horizontal axis represents the time axis, and the vertical axis represents the frequency axis.

[0415] As shown in Figure 25, in the example of Option 1, CW transmissions of overlapping tones at frequency f1 are dropped. In the example of Option 2, CW transmissions of both tones at frequencies f1 and f2 are dropped.

[0416] A multi-tone waveform is a series of unmodulated single tones. In this case, each tone exists at a different frequency point.

[0417] In Proposal 1B described above, if an overlap occurs between a part of the first communication operation and a second communication operation that is different from the first communication operation, the intermediate UE determines which communication operation to perform between that part of the first communication operation and the second communication operation. The intermediate UE then performs the determined communication operation. The first communication operation is, for example, a multi-tone CW transmission, and a part of the first communication operation is a CW transmission of at least one tone of the multi-tone. The second communication operation is, for example, one of R2D transmission / D2R reception / CW transmission / UL transmission / DL reception / SL transmission / SL reception, and is a different operation from the first communication operation.

[0418] For example, in Option 1 of Proposal 1B, overlap processing is applied to CW transmissions of overlapping tones, while CW transmissions of non-overlapping tones are unaffected. In Option 2 of Proposal 1B, the same overlap processing is applied to the entire transmission, including both overlapping and non-overlapping tones. This allows for proper communication in A-IoT communication systems when some CW transmissions of certain tones in a multi-tone CW transmission overlap with other communications.

[0419] While the above proposals use examples of cases where two transmissions / receptions overlap, this disclosure is not limited to this. For example, this disclosure may apply to cases where three or more transmissions / receptions overlap.

[0420] Furthermore, while the above proposals have shown examples of applying overlap processing to two overlapping transmit / receive operations based on priority, this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, in the above proposals, overlap processing may be applied to two overlapping transmit / receive operations based on information other than priority, or based on at least one of the following: specification definitions, system definitions, instructions from the network, etc.

[0421] Furthermore, while examples of how the intermediate UE operates have been shown in each of the above proposals, this disclosure is not limited thereto. Operations similar to those of the intermediate UE in each of the above proposals may be performed by the BS, or by other communication devices, CW nodes, A-IoT devices.

[0422] The support status of each of the above-mentioned proposals and each option of each proposal may be reported from the device to the network (e.g., base station) as capability information. Based on the capability information reported by the device, the network may configure / instruct the device.

[0423] In addition, in this embodiment, "R2D", "R2D signal", "R2D message", and "R2D message type" may be replaced with each other. Also, in this embodiment, "D2R", "D2R signal", "D2R message", and "D2R message type" may be replaced with each other.

[0424] R2D reception may correspond to the operation of a device receiving a signal / channel / information transmitted by a reader. Alternatively, R2D reception may correspond to a signal / channel / information transmitted by a reader and received by a device. Note that the operation of a reader transmitting a signal / channel / information to a device, or the signal / channel / information to be transmitted, may be referred to as "R2D transmission".

[0425] D2R transmission may correspond to the operation of a device transmitting a signal / channel / information to a reader. Alternatively, D2R transmission may correspond to a signal / channel / information transmitted by a device and received by a reader. Note that the operation of a reader receiving a signal / channel / information from a device, or the signal / channel / information to be received, may be referred to as "D2R reception".

[0426] In the following, a notification / indication may be carried in a new layer defined for the physical (PHY) layer / MAC (Medium Access Control) layer / RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer / A-IoT.

[0427] In this disclosure, A / B may mean at least one of A and B. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0428] In the present disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, or a combination thereof.

[0429] The MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC control element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. The broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0430] The physical layer signaling may be, for example, downlink control information (DCI).

[0431] <Device Configuration> Next, the configurations of the base station 10 and the device 20 will be described. The configurations of the base station 10 and the device 20 described below show an example of functions related to the present embodiment. The base station 10 and the device 20 may have functions not shown in the figure. Also, as long as it is a function for executing the operations according to the present embodiment, the function classification and / or the name of the functional unit are not limited.

[0432] <Base Station Configuration> FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the base station 10 according to the embodiment. The base station 10 includes, for example, a transmission unit 101, a reception unit 102, and a control unit 103. The base station 10 communicates wirelessly with the device 20 (see FIG. 27). The base station 10 may be a terminal (an intermediate UE communicating with the device 20) or a CW node.

[0433] The transmission unit 101 transmits a downlink (DL) signal to the device 20. For example, the transmission unit 101 transmits a DL signal under the control of the control unit 103.

[0434] The DL signal may include, for example, data signals for the downlink and control information (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information)). The DL signal may also include information indicating the scheduling of signal transmission for device 20 (e.g., UL grant). Furthermore, the DL signal may include control information from higher layers (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control) control information). The DL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0435] The channels used to transmit DL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel). For example, base station 10 transmits control information to device 20 using the PDCCH and transmits downlink data signals using the PDSCH.

[0436] The reference signals included in the DL signal may include, for example, at least one of the following: DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal), PTRS (Phase Tracking Reference Signal), CSI-RS (Channel State Information-Reference Signal), SRS (Sounding Reference Signal), and PRS (Positioning Reference Signal) for position information. For example, reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating the data signal of the downlink and are transmitted using PDSCH.

[0437] The receiving unit 102 receives the uplink (UL) signal transmitted from the device 20. For example, the receiving unit 102 receives the UL signal under the control of the control unit 103.

[0438] The control unit 103 controls the communication operations of the base station 10, including the transmission process of the transmission unit 101 and the reception process of the reception unit 102. For example, the control unit 103 performs operations other than the transmission and reception described in the above embodiment (these operations may be performed by the reception unit 102 and / or the transmission unit 101).

[0439] For example, the control unit 103 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmission unit 101. The control unit 103 also outputs the data and control information received from the receiving unit 102 to the upper layer.

[0440] For example, the control unit 103 allocates resources (or channels) used for transmitting and receiving DL signals and / or resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals based on signals received from the device 20 (e.g., data and control information, etc.) and / or data and control information, etc. acquired from higher layers. Information regarding the allocated resources may be included in the control information transmitted to the device 20.

[0441] The control unit 103 sets a PUCCH resource as an example of resource allocation for transmitting and receiving UL signals. Information regarding PUCCH settings, such as the PUCCH cell timing pattern (PUCCH setting information), may be notified to the device 20 by RRC.

[0442] Here, the transmitting unit 101 and the receiving unit 102 (which may be collectively referred to as the communication unit) communicate with the device 20.

[0443] When communication takes place between the base station 10 and the device 20, the transmitting unit 101 may transmit R2D or CW to the device 20. The receiving unit 102 may receive D2R from the device 20. The control unit 103 controls the transmission of R2D and CW in the transmitting unit 101, and the reception of D2R in the receiving unit 102. Transmission control may include control of transmission power, setting of transmission resources (e.g., transmission time, transmission frequency), and transmission signal processing (e.g., coding, modulation, upconversion). Reception control may include control of reception power, setting of reception resources (reception time, reception frequency), and reception signal processing (e.g., decoding, demodulation, downconversion). When communication takes place between the base station 10 and the device 20, the base station 10 may be a terminal (an intermediate UE that communicates with the device 20) or a CW node.

[0444] For example, if base station 10 is an intermediate UE communicating with device 20, the control unit 103 of base station 10 determines which communication operation to perform between a part of the first communication operation and a second communication operation that is different from the first communication operation, if there is an overlap between a part of the first communication operation and a second communication operation that is different from the first communication operation. The communication unit performs the communication operation determined by the control unit 103. For example, the first communication operation is one of the following operations: R2D transmission / D2R reception / CW transmission / UL transmission / DL reception / SL transmission / SL reception. The second communication operation is one of the following operations: R2D transmission / D2R reception / CW transmission / UL transmission / DL reception / SL transmission / SL reception, and is different from the first communication operation.

[0445] <Device Configuration> Figure 27 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a device 20 according to an embodiment. The device 20 includes, for example, a receiving unit 201, a transmitting unit 202, and a control unit 203. The device 20 communicates wirelessly with, for example, a base station 10. The device 20 may be a terminal (for example, an intermediate UE) or a CW node.

[0446] The receiving unit 201 receives DL signals transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the receiving unit 201 receives DL signals under the control of the control unit 203.

[0447] The transmitting unit 202 transmits the UL signal to the base station 10. For example, the transmitting unit 202 transmits the UL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0448] The UL signal may include, for example, data signals for the uplink and control information (e.g., UCI (Uplink Control Information)). It may also include, for example, information regarding the processing capability of device 20 (e.g., A-IoT capability). Furthermore, the UL signal may include a reference signal.

[0449] The channels used to transmit UL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). For example, device 20 transmits control information from base station 10 using PUCCH and transmits uplink data signals using PUSCH.

[0450] The reference signals included in the UL signal may include, for example, at least one of DMRS, PTRS, CSI-RS, SRS, and PRS. For example, reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating the uplink data signal and are transmitted using an uplink channel (e.g., PUSCH).

[0451] The control unit 203 controls the communication operation of the device 20, including the receiving process in the receiving unit 201 and the transmitting process in the transmitting unit 202. For example, the control unit 203 performs operations other than the transmitting and receiving operations described in the above embodiment (these operations may be performed by the receiving unit 201 and / or the transmitting unit 202).

[0452] For example, the control unit 203 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmission unit 202. The control unit 203 also outputs data and control information received from the receiving unit 201 to the upper layer.

[0453] For example, the control unit 203 controls the transmission of information to be fed back to the base station 10. The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may include, for example, HARQ ACK / NACK, Channel State Information (CSI), or Scheduling Request (SR). The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may also be included in the UCI. The UCI is transmitted, for example, in the PUCCH resource.

[0454] The control unit 203 sets up PUCCH resources based on the setting information received from the base station 10 (for example, setting information such as the PUCCH cell timing pattern notified by RRC and / or DCI). The control unit 203 determines the PUCCH resource to be used to transmit the information to be fed back to the base station 10. The transmission unit 202 transmits the information to be fed back to the base station 10 using the PUCCH resource determined by the control unit 203, under the control of the control unit 203.

[0455] The channels used for transmitting DL signals and UL signals are not limited to the examples described above. For example, the channels used for transmitting DL signals and UL signals may include RACH (Random Access Channel) and PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel). RACH may be used, for example, for transmitting DCI including RA-RNTI (Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier).

[0456] Here, the receiving unit 201 and the transmitting unit 202 (which may be collectively referred to as the communication unit) communicate with the base station 10, intermediate UE, and other network components.

[0457] When communication takes place between the base station 10 and the device 20, the receiving unit 201 may receive R2D transmitted by the base station 10. The transmitting unit 202 may transmit D2R to the base station 10. Depending on the type of device 20, the receiving unit 201 may acquire CW transmitted by the base station 10, and the transmitting unit 202 may transmit D2R to the base station 10 based on the CW. The control unit 203 performs reception control for R2D reception and CW acquisition in the receiving unit 201, and transmission control for D2R transmission in the transmitting unit 202. Transmission control may include control of transmission power, setting of transmission resources (e.g., transmission time, transmission frequency), and transmission signal processing (e.g., coding, modulation, upconversion). Reception control may include control of received power, setting of received resources (reception time, reception frequency), and reception signal processing (e.g., decoding, demodulation, downconversion). Transmission control may also include control of backscatter based on CW.

[0458] This concludes the explanation of this disclosure. The division of items in the above explanation is not essential to this disclosure, and matters described in two or more items may be combined as needed, and matters described in one item may be applied to matters described in another item (as long as they do not contradict each other).

[0459] <Hardware Configuration, etc.> The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired, wireless, etc.). A functional block may be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0460] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision-making, determination, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, solution, selection, selection determination, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regarded as, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), assigning, etc. For example, a functional block (component) that enables transmission is called a transmitting unit or a transmitter. In any case, as described above, the implementation method is not particularly limited.

[0461] For example, a base station, a device, etc. in an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs the processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. FIG. 28 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and device 20 may physically be configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, and the like.

[0462] In the following description, the term "device" can be read as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include one or more of each device shown in the figure, or may be configured without including some devices.

[0463] Each function in the base station 10 and the device 20 is realized by causing the processor 1001 to perform operations by loading a predetermined software (program) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, and controlling the communication by the communication device 1004, or controlling at least one of the reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0464] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, the control unit 103 and control unit 203 described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0465] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 103 of the base station 10 and the control unit 203 of the device 20 may be implemented by control programs stored in the memory 1002 and operated on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly. The above-described various processes have been explained as being executed by one processor 1001, but they may be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The program may also be transmitted from the network via a telecommunications line.

[0466] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: ROM (Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), RAM (Random Access Memory), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0467] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: an optical disc such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc, a digital multipurpose disc, a Blu-ray® disc), a smart card, flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy® disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, server, or other suitable medium including at least one of the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0468] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting unit 101, receiving unit 102, receiving unit 201, and transmitting unit 202 may be implemented by the communication device 1004.

[0469] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, LED lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0470] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0471] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a PLD (Programmable Logic Device), and an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and some or all of each functional block may be realized by such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0472] <Notification of Information, Signaling> Notification of information is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other methods. For example, notification of information may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information)), upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, MAC (Medium Access Control) signaling, broadcast information (MIB (Master Information Block), SIB (System Information Block))), other signals, or combinations thereof. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, and may be, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc.

[0473] <Applicable Systems> The embodiments described in this disclosure include LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 may apply to at least one system utilizing UWB (Ultra-WideBand), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate systems, and to next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon. Alternatively, multiple systems may be applied in combination (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0474] <Processing Procedures, etc.> The processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, as long as there is no contradiction. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0475] <Base Station Operation> The specific operations described in this disclosure as being performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal can be performed by the base station and at least one other network node (for example, an MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). The above example illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides the base station, but it may also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW).

[0476] <Direction of Input / Output> Information, etc. (see the section on <Information, Signals>) can be output from a higher layer (or lower layer) to a lower layer (or higher layer). Input and output may also occur via multiple network nodes.

[0477] <Handling of Input / Output Information, etc.> Input and output information, etc. may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information, etc. may be deleted. Input information, etc. may be transmitted to other devices.

[0478] <Determination Method> The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value (true or false), or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0479] <Variations of Embodiments, etc.> Each embodiment / appearance described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between during implementation. Furthermore, notification of predetermined information (for example, notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be implicit (for example, by not providing notification of the predetermined information).

[0480] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the intent and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the descriptions in the present disclosure are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way.

[0481] <Software> Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc., whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0482] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or digital subscriber line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0483] <Information, Signals> The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0484] In addition, terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may be a signal (signaling). Also, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0485] <Systems and Networks> The terms “systems” and “networks” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable.

[0486] <Parameters, Channel Names> Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by an index.

[0487] The names used for the parameters described above are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, the formulas and other expressions using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0488] <Base Station> In this disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "wireless base station", "fixed station", "NodeB", "eNodeB (eNB)", "gNodeB (gNB)", "access point", "transmission point", "reception point", "transmission / reception point", "cell", "sector", "cell group", "carrier", and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0489] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station accommodates multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a Remote Radio Head (RRH)). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0490] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform control or operation based on the information.

[0491] <Mobile Station> In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)", "user terminal", "User Equipment (UE)", and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0492] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or several other appropriate terms.

[0493] <Base Station / Mobile Station> At least one of a base station and a mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of a base station and a mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to a movable object, and its speed of movement is arbitrary. This also includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. The mobile body includes, but is not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items mounted on them. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operation commands. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile body (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Furthermore, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0494] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "terminal." For example, the embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)). In this case, the device 20 may have the functions that the base station 10 has. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as side channel.

[0495] Similarly, the term "terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the device 20 described above.

[0496] Figure 29 shows an example of the configuration of vehicle 2001. As shown in Figure 29, vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on vehicle 2001, for example, to the communication module 2013.

[0497] The drive unit 2002 consists of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel, which is operated by the user.

[0498] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and communication ports (IO ports) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 installed in the vehicle 2001 are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0499] Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 include current signals from current sensor 2021 for sensing motor current, front and rear wheel rotation speed signals acquired by rotation speed sensor 2022, front and rear wheel air pressure signals acquired by air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depression signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depression signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 2026, shift lever operation signals acquired by shift lever sensor 2027, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0500] The Information Services Unit 2012 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Services Unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.

[0501] The Information Services Unit 2012 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) and output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.).

[0502] The driver assistance system unit 2030 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System)), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0503] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via its communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 sends and receives data via the communication port 2033 between the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, the microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021-29 provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0504] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station or a mobile station.

[0505] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021 to 2029, the information service unit 2012, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include the information based on the above input.

[0506] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013).

[0507] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0508] <Meaning and Interpretation of Terms> As used in this disclosure, the terms “determining” and “determining” may encompass a wide variety of actions. “Determining” may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., searching in tables, databases or other data structures), and ascertaining. “Determining” may also include, for example, receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory). Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering something as having "judgmented" or "decided" after resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering something as having "judgmented" or "decided" about some action. Also, "judgment (decision)" can be reinterpreted as "assuming," "expecting," or "considering."

[0509] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be reinterpreted as “access.” As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” with each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, in some non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0510] <Reference Signal> The reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal), and may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0511] <Meaning of "based on"> As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on".

[0512] <"First", "Second"> Any reference to elements using the designations "first", "second", etc. as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, references to first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be adopted, or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0513] <Means> The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0514] <Open Format> Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to be exclusive OR.

[0515] <Time units such as TTI, frequency units such as RB, and wireless frame configuration> A wireless frame may consist of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0516] Numerology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. Numerology may include, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0517] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) symbols, etc.). A slot may also be a time unit based on neurology.

[0518] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called a PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0519] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Different names may be used for each of these terms.

[0520] For example, one subframe may be called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0521] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0522] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0523] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0524] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a long subframe, a slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial or fractional TTI, a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini slot, a sub slot, a slot, etc.

[0525] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0526] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0527] Furthermore, the time domain of the RB may contain one or more symbols and may be the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0528] One or more RBs may also be called a Physical RB (PRB), Sub-Carrier Group (SCG), Resource Element Group (REG), PRB pair, RB pair, etc.

[0529] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0530] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0531] A BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be set within a single carrier for a UE.

[0532] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0533] The structures described above, such as wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within a TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0534] <Maximum Transmit Power> The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of the transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0535] <Articles> In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may also include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0536] <"Different"> In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0537] This patent application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-201076, filed on 18 November 2024, and the entire contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-201076 are incorporated herein by reference.

[0538] One aspect of this disclosure is useful for wireless communication systems.

[0539] 10 Base station 20 Devices 101, 202 Transmitting unit 102, 201 Receiving unit 103, 203 Control unit

Claims

If an overlap occurs between a part of the first communication operation and a second communication operation that is different from the first communication operation, a control unit determines the communication operation to be performed between the part of the first communication operation and the second communication operation. A communication unit that performs the communication operation determined by the control unit, A terminal equipped with the following features. 　 The control unit decides to perform the first communication operation, excluding the part described above. The terminal according to claim 1. 　 The control unit decides to perform the same operation for the part of the first communication operation and the part of the first communication operation that is excluded. The terminal according to claim 1. 　 The first communication operation is an operation involving repetition, and the part of the first communication operation is at least one of the repetitions. The terminal according to claim 1. 　 The first communication operation is the transmission operation of an unmodulated wave of multiple tones, and the partial first communication operation is the transmission operation of at least one unmodulated wave among the multiple tones. The terminal according to claim 1. 　 The device, If an overlap occurs between a part of the first communication operation and a second communication operation that is different from the first communication operation, the communication operation to be performed between the part of the first communication operation and the second communication operation is determined. The communication operation determined above is performed. Communication method.

Images