Method and apparatus for ground truth point-assisted sensing or positioning
By employing ground truth points for enhanced sensing and positioning, the method addresses the issue of sparse data accuracy, resulting in improved measurement precision.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-28
Smart Images

Figure CN2025076973_28052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GROUND TRUTH POINT-ASSISTED SENSING OR POSITIONING
[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to US patent application No. 63 / 723,944, filed on November 22, 2024, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of communication technologies and, in particular, to a method and apparatus for group truth point-assisted sensing or positioning.BACKGROUND
[0003] The quality of known environmental objects is an important factor to be considered. Although the system can sense these objects, the accuracy of the sensing results depends on the capability of the system. When the system's capability is weak, only a few sparse point cloud data can be reconstructed for large environmental objects. Using such sparse points for sensing or positioning may result in inconsistent and / or inaccurate results.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method to improve the accuracy of sensing or positioning results.SUMMARY
[0005] This present disclosure provides methods and apparatus for group truth point-assisted sensing or positioning used to improve the accuracy of sensing or positioning results.
[0006] According to a first aspect, a method for a device is described. The method may be applied at a terminal side, for example, a terminal or a module in a terminal, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem (modem) chip, also referred to as a baseband (baseband) chip, or a system on chip (system on chip, SoC) chip or a system in package (system in package, SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in a terminal. The method may be applied at a network side, for example, a network or a module in a network, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a system in package (SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in a network device. The network device may be base station (BS) , NT transmit / receive points (TRP) .
[0007] The method includes: obtaining first information related to one or more ground truth points, where the first information is used for target measurement, the target measurement including at least one of sensing or positioning; receiving one or more signals for the target measurement; and obtaining a first result of the target measurement based on part or all of the first information and the one or more signals.
[0008] Based on this, the device obtains the first result of the target measurement based on part or all of first information and one or more signals, where the first information is information of a plurality of GTPs, so that the device may perform the target measurement based on the information of GTPs. The target measurement can be understood as sensing and / or positioning of a target. Therefore, an accuracy of a result of the target measurement by the device may be improved.
[0009] In some possible implementations, the first information includes at least one of: state information of the one or more ground truth points; channel information of propagation channel between the one or more ground truth points and the device; channel information of a propagation channel between the one or more ground truth points and the target; channel information of a propagation channel between the one or more ground truth points and one or more environmental objects, where the one or more environmental objects are within a first distance from the one or more ground truth points, a second distance from the target, or a third distance from the device; or one or more adaptation values used for adjusting a result of the target measurement.
[0010] The status information of GTP can be understood as location, shape, material and / or distribution information of the GTP.
[0011] The environmental object of GTP may be one kind of GTP, or as a supplement component of GTP. The environmental object information may include location, shape, material and / or distribution information of the environmental object. The environmental object is an object within the first distance from GTP; or the environmental object is an object within the second distance from the target; or the environmental object is an object within the third distance from the network device. By using the environmental object (s) , information around the GTP may be obtained more completely.
[0012] The channel information can be understood as information of a propagation channel between the GTP and the environmental object. For example, the channel information may include an angular of the propagation channel, channel matrix or channel matrix bias, delay or multi path information related to the propagation channel. The environmental object of GTP is known, which may be detected and determined in advance. The channel information may be used to obtain the information of the environmental object, thereby assisting in the sensing or positioning of the target. The adaptation values may be used for adjusting the measurement result of the target to improve the accuracy of the measurement result.
[0013] In some possible implementations, the state information at least one of: location information of the one or more ground truth points; shape information of the one or more ground truth points; material information of the one or more ground truth points; or distribution information of one or more reference points of at least one of the one or more ground truth points.
[0014] The location information of GTP can be obtained by the terminal device, and it may be one or more geodetic coordinates of the location of GTP, or one or more local Cartesian coordinates of the location of GTP, etc. The shape information of GTP can be understood as the shape of the GTP, such as the shape of a car or an airplane. The material information of GTP can be understood as material composition of GTP, etc. The distribution information of GTP can be understood as the point cloud distribution or point granularity of GTP, etc.
[0015] In some possible implementations, the channel information includes at least one of: angular information of the propagation channel; channel matrices or channel matrices bias of the propagation channel; delay of the propagation channel; multi path information related to the propagation channel.
[0016] In some possible implementations, the one or more adaptation values include at least one of: an adaptation value used for adapting localization result of the target measurement; an adaptation value used for adapting an angle of departure (AoD) result of the target measurement; an adaptation value used for adapting an angle of arrival (AoA) result of the target measurement; or an adaptation value used for adapting a delay result of the target measurement.
[0017] In some possible implementations, the part or all of the first information is related to one or more first ground truth points, the one or more first ground truth points belong to the one or more ground truth points, the one or more first ground truth points are determined according to at least one of: a distance between the one or more ground truth points and the target; quality of a signal transmitted between the one or more ground truth points and the target; or a distance between one or more reference points of the one or more ground truth points and the target.
[0018] For example, among the one or more GTPs, if a distance between a GTP and the target is within a preset distance range, then this GTP is determined as a first GTP; if the quality of the signal transmitted between a GTP and the target satisfies a preset quality requirement, then this GTP is determined as a first GTP; and if a distance between one or more reference points of a GTP and the target is less than a preset distance threshold, then this GTP is determined as a first GTP.
[0019] In some possible implementations, before obtaining the first result, the method further includes: receiving a first indication of the one or more first ground truth points; and / or receiving a second indication of reference points of the one or more first ground truth points.
[0020] Based on this, the device receives the first indication of the one or more first GTPs from the CN; and / or, the device receives the second indication of reference points of the one or more first GTPs from the CN. In this way, the CN may inform the device of which information of GTPs to use. The information of GTPs may be information of the one or more first GTPs, and / or information of reference points of the one or more first GTPs
[0021] In some possible implementations, obtaining the first result includes: obtaining a second result of the target measurement; and obtaining the first result by adjusting the second result using the part or all of the first information.
[0022] The second result can be understood as an original measurement result, or it may include an original sensing result or an original positioning result.
[0023] In this implementation, there may include two stages, as original result and final result. The BS could perform sensing or positioning without considering GTP information initially, and then use the GTP information to adjust the original sensing result or original positioning result, and then obtain the final result (the first result) .
[0024] In some possible implementations, further including: receiving a third indication of adjusting the second result, where adjusting the second result includes: adjusting the second result using the at least part of the first information according to the third indication.
[0025] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the network device or the terminal device may receive the third indication, and then adjust, based on the third indication, the original measurement result using the first information. Considering an example in which the network device is the BS, there may include three or more stages, as original result, revised indication, and final result. The BS could perform sensing or positioning without considering GTP information initially, and then it would report the results to CN. The CN would request the BS to revise result or redo the process while considering GTP information when the quality of results is not satisfactory for the service. In this case, there would be a back-and-forth exchange of information between CN and BS.
[0026] In some possible implementations, before receiving the third indication, the method further includes: transmitting the second result.
[0027] In some possible implementations, the device is a base station, and obtaining the first information includes: receiving the first information from a network management function.
[0028] In some possible implementations, the device is a terminal device, and obtaining the first information includes: receiving the first information from a base station.
[0029] In some aspects of the present disclosure, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes an obtaining unit and a receiving unit. The obtaining unit is configured to obtain first information related to one or more ground truth points, where the first information is used for target measurement, the target measurement including at least one of sensing or positioning; the receiving unit is configured to receive one or more signals for the target measurement; and the obtaining unit is further configured to obtain a first result of the target measurement based on part or all of the first information and the one or more signals.
[0030] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first information includes at least one of: state information of the one or more ground truth points; channel information of propagation channel between the one or more ground truth points and the device; channel information of a propagation channel between the one or more ground truth points and the target; channel information of a propagation channel between the one or more ground truth points and one or more environmental objects, where the one or more environmental objects are within a first distance from the one or more ground truth points, a second distance from the target, or a third distance from the device; or one or more adaptation values used for adjusting a result of the target measurement.
[0031] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the state information at least one of: location information of the one or more ground truth points; shape information of the one or more ground truth points; material information of the one or more ground truth points; or distribution information of one or more reference points of at least one of the one or more ground truth points.
[0032] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the channel information includes at least one of: angular information of the propagation channel; channel matrices or channel matrices bias of the propagation channel; delay of the propagation channel; multi path information related to the propagation channel.
[0033] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the one or more adaptation values include at least one of: an adaptation value used for adapting localization result of the target measurement; an adaptation value used for adapting an angle of departure (AoD) result of the target measurement; an adaptation value used for adapting an angle of arrival (AoA) result of the target measurement; or an adaptation value used for adapting a delay result of the target measurement.
[0034] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the part or all of the first information is related to one or more first ground truth points, the one or more first ground truth points belong to the one or more ground truth points, the one or more first ground truth points are determined according to at least one of: a distance between the one or more ground truth points and the target; quality of a signal transmitted between the one or more ground truth points and the target; or a distance between one or more reference points of the one or more ground truth points and the target.
[0035] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the receiving unit is configured to receive a first indication of the one or more first ground truth points; and / or the receiving unit is configured to receive a second indication of reference points of the one or more first ground truth points.
[0036] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the obtaining unit is configured to obtain a second result of the target measurement; and the obtaining unit is configured to obtain the first result by adjusting the second result using the part or all of the first information.
[0037] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the receiving unit is configured to receive a third indication of adjusting the second result; and the adjusting unit is configured to adjust the second result using the at least part of the first information according to the third indication.
[0038] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmitting unit is configured to transmit the second result.
[0039] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the device is a base station, the receiving unit is configured to receive the first information from a network management function.
[0040] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the device is a terminal device, the receiving unit is configured to receive the first information from a base station.
[0041] In some possible implementations, the apparatus includes: one or more processors; and an interface circuit connected to the one or more processors and configured to: obtaining first information related to one or more ground truth points, where the first information is used for target measurement, the target measurement including at least one of sensing or positioning; receiving one or more signals for the target measurement; and obtaining a first result of the target measurement based on part or all of the first information and the one or more signals.
[0042] In some possible implementations, the interface circuit includes one or more transceivers.
[0043] In some aspects of the present disclosure, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: one or more processors; and a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method of any one of the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0044] In a possible implementation, the apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0045] In a possible implementation, the apparatus may further include the memory.
[0046] In some aspects of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of the first aspect.
[0047] In some aspects of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of the first aspect.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0048] For a better understanding of the various described implementations, reference should be made to the Detailed Description below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.
[0049] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system in which implementations may be implemented;
[0050] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system in which implementations of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0051] FIG. 3 illustrates an example communication system in which an apparatus wirelessly communicates with another apparatus in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0052] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0053] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0054] FIG. 6 illustrates an example system can effectively sense the environmental object in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0055] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of CN-based GTP-assisted BS sensing / positioning in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0056] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of CN-based GTP-assisted UE sensing / positioning in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0057] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed at a device in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0058] FIG. 10 illustrates a call flow signaling diagram of an example procedure;
[0059] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed at a UE in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0060] Numerous details are described herein to provide a thorough understanding of the example implementations illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, some implementations may be practiced without many of the specific details, and the scope of the claims is only limited by those features and aspects specifically recited in the claims. Furthermore, well-known processes, components, and materials have not necessarily been described in exhaustive detail so as to avoid obscuring pertinent aspects of the implementations described herein.
[0061] User equipment (UE) position information is often used in cellular communication networks to improve various performance metrics for the network. Such performance metrics may, for example, include capacity, agility, and efficiency. The improvement may be achieved when elements of the network exploit the position, the behavior, the mobility pattern, etc., of the UE in the context of a priori information describing a wireless environment in which the UE is operating.
[0062] A sensing system may be used to help gather UE pose information, including its location in a global coordinate system, its velocity and direction of movement in the global coordinate system, orientation information, and the information about the wireless environment. “Location” is also known as “position” and these two terms may be used interchangeably herein. Examples of well-known sensing systems include RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) and LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) . While the sensing system can be separate from the communication system, it could be advantageous to gather the information using an integrated system, which reduces the hardware (and cost) in the system as well as the time, frequency, or spatial resources needed to perform both functionalities. However, using the communication system hardware to perform sensing of UE pose and environment information is a highly challenging and open problem. The difficulty of the problem relates to factors such as the limited resolution of the communication system, the dynamicity of the environment, and the huge number of objects whose electromagnetic properties and position are to be estimated.
[0063] Accordingly, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) (also known as integrated communication and sensing) is a desirable feature in existing and future communication systems. In the present disclosure, sensing refers to operations performed to facilitate or realize position determination of a target, which may be a device associated with a network, or otherwise, such as any other object in an environment. Accordingly, sensing operations may include positioning procedures such as those defined in communications standards, positioning or localization procedures known generally in communications system, or other procedures suitable for the purpose of sensing.
[0064] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications, and more specifically to procedures for the usage and / or management of ground truth points (GTPs) in ISAC networks.
[0065] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 10a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 . The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, The RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0066] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0067] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0068] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network including multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0069] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown the communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0070] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0071] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0072] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0073] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0074] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinates to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0075] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0076] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0077] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0078] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0079] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0080] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0081] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0082] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0083] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0084] In addition, the communication system 100 may include a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0085] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0086] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0087] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0088] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0089] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0090] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0091] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0092] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0093] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore also can be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0094] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0095] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0096] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0097] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0098] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0099] Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology allows an antenna array of multiple antennas to perform signal transmissions and receptions to meet high transmission rate requirements. The ED 110 and the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP may use MIMO to communicate using wireless resource blocks. MIMO utilizes multiple antennas at the transmitter to transmit wireless resource blocks over parallel wireless signals. It follows that multiple antennas may be utilized at the receiver. MIMO may beamform parallel wireless signals for reliable multipath transmission of a wireless resource block. MIMO may involve parallel wireless signals that transport different data to increase the data rate of the wireless resource block.
[0100] In recent years, possibility of using MIMO (e.g., large-scale MIMO) wireless communication systems with the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 configured with a large number of antennas has gained wide attention from academia and industry. In such a large-scale MIMO system, the T-TRP 170, and / or the NT-TRP 172, is generally configured with more than ten antenna units (see antennas 256 and antennas 204 in FIG. 3) . The T-TRP 170, and / or the NT-TRP 172, is generally operable to serve dozens (which may be, but is not limited to) of EDs 110. A large number of antenna units of the T-TRP 170 and the NT-TRP 172 may greatly increase the degree of spatial freedom of wireless communication, greatly improve the transmission rate, spectral efficiency and power efficiency, and, to a large extent, reduce interference between cells. The increase of the number of antennas allows for each antenna unit to be made in a smaller size with a lower cost. Using the degree of spatial freedom provided by the large-scale antenna units, the T-TRP 170 and the NT-TRP 172 of each cell may communicate with many EDs 110 in the cell on the same time-frequency resource at the same time, thus greatly increasing the spectral efficiency. A large number of antenna units of the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 may also enable each user to have better spatial directivity for uplink and downlink transmission, so that the transmitting power of the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 and an ED 110 may be reduced and the power efficiency is correspondingly increased. When the antenna number of the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 is sufficiently large, random channels between each ED 110 and the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 may approach orthogonality such that interference between cells and users and the effect of noise may be reduced. The plurality of advantages described hereinbefore enable large-scale MIMO to have valuable application prospects.
[0101] A MIMO system may include a receiver connected to a receive (Rx) antenna, a transmitter connected to a transmit (Tx) antenna and a signal processor connected to the transmitter and the receiver. Each of the Rx antenna and the Tx antenna may include a plurality of antennas. For instance, the Rx antenna may have a uniform linear array (ULA) antenna, in which the plurality of antennas are arranged in line at even intervals. When a radio frequency (RF) signal is transmitted through the Tx antenna, the Rx antenna may receive a signal reflected and returned from a forward target.
[0102] A non-exhaustive list of possible units, or possible configurable parameters, or in some embodiments of a MIMO system, include a panel and a beam.
[0103] A panel is a unit of an antenna group, or antenna array, or antenna sub-array, which unit may control a Tx beam or a Rx beam independently.
[0104] A beam may be formed by performing amplitude and / or phase weighting on data transmitted or received by at least one antenna port. A beam may be formed by using another method, for example, adjusting a related parameter of an antenna unit. The beam may include a Tx beam and / or a Rx beam. The transmit beam indicates distribution of signal strength formed in different directions in space after a signal is transmitted through an antenna. The receive beam indicates distribution of signal strength that is of a wireless signal received from an antenna and that is in different directions in space. Beam information may include a beam identifier, or an antenna port (s) identifier, or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier, or an SSB resource identifier, or a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource identifier, or other reference signal resource identifier.
[0105] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a, 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0106] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0107] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0108] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality of times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. For example, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0109] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or a SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0110] FIG. 5 illustrates example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. For example, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0111] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0112] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0113] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0114] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or a SIP chip that includes a modem core -a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0115] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0116] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0117] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random-access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0118] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0119] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magneto-resistive random access memory (magneto-resistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0120] In some implementations of ISAC systems, a same radio access technology (RAT) is used for both sensing and communication. This avoids the need to multiplex two different RATs under one carrier spectrum, or necessitating two different carrier spectrums for the two different RATs.
[0121] In implementations that integrate sensing and communication under one RAT, a first set of channels may be used to transmit a sensing signal, and a second set of channels may be used to transmit a communications signal. In some implementations, each channel in the first set of channels and each channel in the second set of channels may be a logical channel, a transport channel, or a physical channel.
[0122] At the physical layer, communication and sensing may be performed via separate physical channels. For example, a first physical downlink shared channel PDSCH-C is defined for data communication, while a second physical downlink shared channel PDSCH-Sis defined for sensing. Similarly, separate physical uplink shared channels (PUSCH) , PUSCH-C and PUSCH-S, may be defined for uplink communication and sensing.
[0123] In another example, the same PDSCH and PUSCH may also be used for both communication and sensing, with separate logical layer channels and / or transport layer channels defined for communication and sensing. Additionally, also it is to be noted that control channel (s) and data channel (s) for sensing may have the same or different channel structures (format) , or may occupy the same or different frequency bands or bandwidth parts.
[0124] In a further example, a common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a common physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) may be used to carry control information for both sensing and communication. Alternatively, separate physical layer control channels may be used to carry separate control information for communication and sensing. For example, PUCCH-Sand PUCCH-C may be used for uplink control for sensing and communication, respectively, and PDCCH-Sand PDCCH-C for downlink control for sensing and communication, respectively.
[0125] Different combinations of shared and dedicated channels for sensing and communication, at each of the physical, transport, and logical layers, are possible.
[0126] Properties of a sensing signal, or a signal used for both sensing and communication, include the waveform of the signal and the frame structure of the signal. The frame structure defines the time-domain boundaries of the signal. The waveform describes the shape of the signal as a function of time and frequency. Examples of waveforms that can be used for a sensing signal may include ultra-wide band (UWB) pulse, Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) or “chirp” , orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) , cyclic prefix (CP) -OFDM, and Discrete Fourier Transform spread (DFT-s) -OFDM.
[0127] In an embodiment, the sensing signal is a linear chirp signal with bandwidth B and time duration T. Such a linear chirp signal is generally known from its use in FMCW radar systems. A linear chirp signal is defined by an increase in frequency from an initial frequency, fchirp0, at an initial time, tchirp0, to a final frequency, fchirp1, at a final time, tchirp1 where the relation between the frequency (f) and time (t) can be expressed as a linear relation of f-fchirp0=α (t-tchirp0) , where is defined as the chirp slope. The bandwidth of the linear chirp signal may be defined as B=fchirp1-fchirp0 and the time duration of the linear chirp signal may be defined as T=tchirp1-tchirp0. Such linear chirp signal can be presented as in the baseband representation.
[0128] The challenge lies in achieving high-accuracy localization estimation, especially in non-line of sight (NLOS) scenarios where there are blockages between the base station (BS) and the user equipment (UE) . NLOS channels occur when the transmission path of sensing or positioning signals is obstructed to do reflections and / or diffractions. The complex and unpredictable propagation environment makes it difficult to achieve precise estimation. However, NLOS situations are common in daily urban settings due to buildings. Finding ways to improve performance in these cases and enable commercial use of sensing / positioning features would be desirable.
[0129] Referring to FIG. 6, it is assumed that the system can effectively sense the environmental object, which could be a building, walls, or even the target being sensed. The receiver will then utilize relevant prior information to further refine the localized information that is obtained through sensing or positioning.
[0130] As shown in FIG. 6, the network device 601 may sense the environmental object 602, so that the terminal device 603 may obtain information of a target by performing sensing or positioning based on information of the environmental object 602.
[0131] The current potential solution assumes that the system can sense the environmental object well, which could be a building, walls, or even the target being sensed. The receiver will then utilize relevant prior information to further refine the localized information obtained through sensing or positioning.
[0132] Firstly, the quality of known environmental objects is important. The system can sense these objects, but the accuracy of sensing results depends on the capability of the system. When the system's capability is weak, only a few sparse point cloud data can be reconstructed for large environmental objects. In such cases, the granularity of these objects can affect localization accuracy. For example, if a huge building's wall is sensed as only 4 points with distances exceeding 10 meters between them, this distance becomes an estimation error for the system. Using such sparse points for sensing or positioning will result in inconsistent and / or inaccurate results.
[0133] Furthermore in this scenario, if no actual reference points are available to verify the sensing or positioning results, the system may be unaware of its own limitations. Therefore, sensing and positioning in wireless communication systems lack a form of ground truth to calibrate the sensing and / or positioning results.
[0134] It will be understood that in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the terms ED, UE, terminal device, etc. can be used interchangeably, and the terms BS, TRP, NW, network device, etc. can be used interchangeably.
[0135] Based on this, in the method provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, a device obtains a first result of target measurement based on part or all of first information and one or more signals, where the first information is information of a plurality of GTPs, so that the device may perform the target measurement based on the information of GTPs. The target measurement can be understood as sensing and / or positioning of a target. Therefore, an accuracy of a result of the target measurement by the device may be improved.
[0136] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various communication systems. The communication systems may be cellular systems related to 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) , such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, LTE time division duplex (TDD) systems, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) systems, 5th generation (5G) or new radio (NR) communication systems, future wireless communication system, etc. The communication systems may also be an open access network (open RAN, O-RAN or ORAN) , cloud radio access network (CRAN) , or virtualized radio access network (virtualized RAN, vRAN) , etc. The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to a communication system with an integration of the above two or more systems.
[0137] Some aspects of the present disclosure include procedures to create or introduce some form of sensing or positioning ground truth in a wireless communication system. A form of the ground truth may be known as a ground truth reference point (GTP) , which may be particularly suitable to improve and calibrate sensing and / or positioning results within a wireless communication system. A procedure for sensing and / or positioning a target or object can include one or more GTP.
[0138] The procedure for establishing one or more ground truth reference points in the communication system may enable end-to-end utilization of these reference points to enhance the sensing and / or positioning results.
[0139] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to GTP management in a core network. In this case, the GTP information may be transparent to a base station.
[0140] In some embodiments, the Core Network reserves and manages the GTP information, and can distribute it based on service requirements or requests from BS / UE.
[0141] In some embodiments, a procedure for CN-based GTP-assisted sensing / positioning includes BS sensing / positioning and / or UE sensing / positioning.
[0142] In some embodiments, a definition of GTP information includes one or more new data formats, and the related new interface definition.
[0143] In some embodiments, a revised suggestion information can be the same as GTP information or new data formats. The BS or UE uses the GTP or revised suggestion information to refine its results.
[0144] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to implementation behavior or standardization definition for discovering whether the sensing target or positioning object is in the area of a GTP.
[0145] Example schematic diagrams below illustrate various network architectures for GTP-assisted sensing and / or positioning.
[0146] The system architecture includes core network (CN) , BS, UE and GTP. FIG. 7 illustrates an example of CN-based GTP-assisted BS sensing / positioning in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure. FIG. 8 illustrates an example of CN-based GTP-assisted UE sensing / positioning in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the CN is mainly used to collect, manage, distribute, or update GTP information by introducing Grand Truth Point Management Function in Core Network. The BS is mainly used to request GTP information from CN, do sensing / positioning by using the GTP information in BS-based sensing / positioning scenario, and report sensing / positioning to CN.
[0147] As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the GTP is mainly used to update its localization information to CN if needed, discover UE who is already in the area if needed, and introduce different GTP type in management procedure, such as semi-static GTP, limited GTP, or non-3GPP GTP.
[0148] The semi-static GTP can be treated as a reference or calibration point for a long time. It may be fixedly deployed, or only timer could make its information expire.
[0149] The limited GTP can be treated as a reference or calibration point for a short time. It may move or its information quality will be changeable dynamically depends on its surrounding environment. So not only timer, but also verification procedure could make its information expire.
[0150] The non-3GPP GTP can be treated as a reference or calibration point, only if its GTP resource is verified by 3GPP system. Its information should have more limitation than limited GTP.
[0151] As shown in FIG. 8, the UE is mainly used to request and then be indicated that revise suggestion information from CN, do sensing / positioning by using the revise suggestion information in UE-based sensing / positioning scenario, and report sensing / positioning to CN.
[0152] As shown in FIGS. 7 and 9, the BS may be replaced by the TRP.
[0153] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed at a device in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The device may be a terminal device or a network device, and the device is communicated with the CN. As shown in FIG. 9, the method 900 includes the following steps.
[0154] In step 901, the device obtains first information related to one or more GTPs
[0155] The first information is used for target measurement, and the target measurement includes sensing and / or positioning.
[0156] The GTPs may be BS, UE, non-3GPP devices (e.g., cameras, sensors, etc. ) , sensing target (e.g., vehicle, UAV, human, animal, etc. ) , or large-sized object (e.g., building, walls, bus, truck) .
[0157] In step 902, the CN transmits one or more signals. Accordingly, the device receives the one or more signals for the target measurement.
[0158] In step 903, the device obtains a first result of the target measurement based on part or all of the first information and the one or more signals.
[0159] For example, the part or all of the first information is related to one or more first GTPs; the one or more first GTPs belong to the one or more GTPs; and the one or more first GTPs are determined according to at least one of: a distance between the one or more GTPs and the target; quality of a signal transmitted between the one or more GTPs and the target; or a distance between one or more reference points of the one or more GTPs and the target.
[0160] For example, among the one or more GTPs, if a distance between a GTP and the target is within a preset distance range, then this GTP is determined as a first GTP. The value of the preset distance range is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure, which may be set according to actual application scenarios.
[0161] For example, among the one or more GTPs, if the quality of the signal transmitted between a GTP and the target satisfies a preset quality requirement, then this GTP is determined as a first GTP. The preset quality requirement may include that a signal strength is greater than a preset signal strength threshold. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
[0162] For example, among the one or more GTPs, if a distance between one or more reference points of a GTP and the target is less than a preset distance threshold, then this GTP is determined as a first GTP. The preset distance threshold may be a constant value, or may be a variable value based on actual application scenarios, which will not be limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0163] In the method provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the device obtains the first result of the target measurement based on part or all of first information and one or more signals, where the first information is information of a plurality of GTPs, so that the device may perform the target measurement based on the information of GTPs. The target measurement can be understood as sensing and / or positioning of a target. Therefore, an accuracy of a result of the target measurement by the device may be improved.
[0164] For example, referring to FIG. 9, before step 901, the method further includes the following step.
[0165] In step 904, the device receives a first indication of the one or more first GTPs from the CN; and / or, the device receives a second indication of reference points of the one or more first GTPs from the CN.
[0166] The CN may inform the device of which information of GTPs to use. The information of GTPs may be information of the one or more first GTPs, and / or information of reference points of the one or more first GTPs.
[0167] In order to facilitate the description, the method in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described by taking an example in which the terminal device is the UE, the network device is the BS, and a network management unit of the CN communicates with the UE or the BS.
[0168] Some embodiments of the present disclosure include CN-based GTP-assisted BS sensing / positioning. Although the diagram includes specific examples of entities in the system, more generally, the base station (BS) could be a gNB, a TRP, a sensing node, a relay, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , or any other transmission or reflection point. The UE could be a sensor, a watch, a hand-held device, a car, a robot, or any other mobile equipment. Although the diagram includes multiple numbered steps, each step is representative of an example operation in the system. Moreover, the numbering of the steps is non-limiting, not representative of any preferred embodiment or order of operations, and merely included for clarity and to simplify identification of different operations; therefore, some steps may be optional in certain embodiments, or may not need to be performed exactly in the order shown.
[0169] FIG. 10 illustrates a call flow signaling diagram of an example procedure. In this embodiment, the device is the BS. As shown in FIG. 10, the method 1000 may include the following steps.
[0170] In step 1001, the CN obtains the GTP information.
[0171] In the case where the device is the BS, the BS may receive the first information from a network management function.
[0172] In this step, the core network or the network element in the CN can collect GTP information from various sources, including cloud, other network elements, BS, UE, non-3GPP devices (e.g. cameras, sensors) , third parties (e.g. OTT) or GTP itself. Here, GTP could be BS, UE, non-3GPP devices (e.g. cameras, sensors) . EO could be sensing target (e.g. vehicle, UAV, human, animal, etc) , or large size object (e.g. building, walls, bus, truck) . Target or Object could be UE, EO, or unintended object.
[0173] For example, the first information includes at least one of: state information of the one or more GTPs; channel information of propagation channel between the one or more GTPs and the device; channel information of a propagation channel between the one or more GTPs and the target; channel information of a propagation channel between the one or more GTPs and one or more environmental objects, where the one or more environmental objects are within a first distance from the one or more GTPs, a second distance from the target, or a third distance from the device; or one or more adaptation values used for adjusting a result of the target measurement.
[0174] The status information of GTP can be understood as location, shape, material and / or distribution information of the GTP.
[0175] The environmental object of GTP may be one kind of GTP, or as a supplement component of GTP. The environmental object information may include location, shape, material and / or distribution information of the environmental object. The environmental object is an object within the first distance from GTP; or the environmental object is an object within the second distance from the target; or the environmental object is an object within the third distance from the network device. By using the environmental object (s) , information around the GTP may be obtained more completely.
[0176] The channel information can be understood as information of a propagation channel between the GTP and the environmental object. For example, the channel information may include an angular of the propagation channel, channel matrix or channel matrix bias, delay or multi path information related to the propagation channel. The environmental object of GTP is known, which may be detected and determined in advance. The channel information may be used to obtain the information of the environmental object, thereby assisting in the sensing or positioning of the target.
[0177] The values of the first distance, the second distance and the third distance are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure, which may be set according to actual application scenarios.
[0178] It will be understood that the values of the first distance, the second distance and the third distance may be the same or different.
[0179] For example, the one or more adaptation values include at least one of: an adaptation value used for adapting localization result of the target measurement; an adaptation value used for adapting an angle of departure (AoD) result of the target measurement; an adaptation value used for adapting an angle of arrival (AoA) result of the target measurement; or an adaptation value used for adapting a delay result of the target measurement.
[0180] For example, the status information of the one or more GTPs includes at least one of: location information of the one or more GTPs; shape information of the one or more GTPs; material information of the one or more GTPs; or distribution information of one or more reference points of at least one GTP of the one or more GTPs.
[0181] The location information of GTP can be obtained by the terminal device, and it may be one or more geodetic coordinates of the location of GTP, or one or more local Cartesian coordinates of the location of GTP, etc. The shape information of GTP can be understood as the shape of the GTP, such as the shape of a car or an airplane. The material information of GTP can be understood as material composition of GTP, etc. The distribution information of GTP can be understood as the point cloud distribution or point granularity of GTP, etc.
[0182] The data format of the GTP information could be of any appropriate form for the information to include any one or more of the following:
[0183] Actual GTP information, which can be represented by one or more of the following attributes: one or more geodetic coordinates of the GTP location, one or more local Cartesian coordinates of the GTP location, GTP Material, GTP point cloud distribution, GTP point granularity, or GTP shape.
[0184] Actual known location of the environmental object (EO) location, which can be represented by one or more of the following attributes: one or more geodetic coordinates of the EO, one or more local Cartesian coordinates of the EO, EO point cloud distribution, EO point granularity, EO Material, or EO shape. The EO could be a representative of one kind of GTP, or could be a representative of a supplementary component of the GTP.
[0185] For example, the channel information includes at least one of: angular information of the propagation channel; channel matrices or channel matrices bias of the propagation channel; delay of the propagation channel; or multi path information related to the propagation channel.
[0186] Actual related GTP channel information, which can be represented by one or more of the following attributes: angular information related to a certain reference direction (SSB, or an absolute angle) , delay related to a certain path (aLOS ray / path, a certain reflection ray / path, or a deterministic ray / path) , channel matrix H, or channel matrix H bias, the H could be the amplitude of the matrix, the rank of the matrix, or other information of the matrix; or Multi Path information, which could be angle of arrival (AoA) , angle of departure (AoD) , delay spread and angular spread. This information could be the information of a BS-GTP, an EO-GTP, and / or a BS-EO-GTP.
[0187] Relative GTP location information, which can be represented by one or more of the following attributes: the relative information between an actual GTP location and location of an actual known environmental object (EO) , e.g., longitude, latitude, and altitude deviation under the GTP and one or more points of the EO, the relative information between the GTP location and the UE location, or the relative information between the GTP point cloud and the EO point cloud.
[0188] Sensing error indication. Measurement error value between the actual GTP location and the UE’s reported location (e.g., longitude, latitude, and altitude deviation) . Measurement angular error value (delta AOA, delta AOD) between the GTP results and the UE reported measurement results. Measurement delay error between the GTP results and the UE reported measurement results.
[0189] In step 1002, the CN sends the GTP information to BS.
[0190] In this step, the core network or the network element in the CN send the GTP information to BS via the interface between CN and BS. The interface could be intra or inter base station. The function of this interface is to send the data of the GTP information by using specific data format. The data format will be defined in RAN specification and / or CN specification.
[0191] In some examples, the definition of GTP information includes one or more new data formats, and the related new interface definition, which enables a unified GTP information format that could be exchange among different network equipment vendors.
[0192] In step 1003, the BS receives the GTP information.
[0193] In this step, BS will receive the packet including GTP information via the interface between CN and BS. Then, it will obtain the GTP information according to specific data format.
[0194] In step 1004, the BS determines the GTP information can be used to one sense target or positioning object.
[0195] Some embodiments include determining that the target or object is in close proximity to the GTP. This way, the GTP can effectively enhance sensing and positioning performance. Therefore, it is important for the BS to know if the target or object is present in this GTP area, if the GTP information could be used to the sensing target or positioning object, and / or the approximate location of the target or object.
[0196] In this step, BS could determine the GTP information can be used to one sense target or positioning object by one or more below ways:
[0197] way 1: by the sensing results
[0198] 1-1, if UE sensed the GTP, it should be in the vicinity of the GTP.
[0199] 1-2, BS preliminarily sensed that the target, object and / or UE is in the vicinity of the GTP.
[0200] 1-3, GTP preliminarily sensed that the target, object and / or UE is in the vicinity of itself.
[0201] Note, the sensing methods could be RF sensing, radar sensing, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) , computer vision, multimodal sensing, etc.
[0202] way 2: by the positioning results
[0203] 2-1, if UE positioned the GTP, it should be in the vicinity of the GTP.
[0204] 2-2, BS preliminarily positioned that the target, object and / or UE is in the vicinity of the GTP.
[0205] 2-3, GTP preliminarily positioned that the target, object and / or UE is in the vicinity of itself.
[0206] 2-4, the UE positioned itself in the vicinity of the GTP, and report the result to CN and / or BS.
[0207] way 3: by the related message from CN
[0208] 3-1, reserved localization information of the target, object and / or UE in CN.
[0209] 3-2, the indication that target, object and / or UE is in the vicinity of the GTP.
[0210] 3-3, indication that BS could use the GTP information to perform sensing or positioning for this target or object.
[0211] In step 1005, the BS provides the sensing and / or positioning result considering the GTP information.
[0212] In an implementation, the BS may obtain a first result of the target measurement based on part or all of the first information and the one or more signals.
[0213] In this implementation, the BS could perform sensing or positioning by using the GTP information directly. In this way, there is only one stage or one step to provide the final result (the first result)
[0214] In another implementation, the BS may obtain a second result of the target measurement, and obtain the first result by adjusting the second result using the part or all of the first information.
[0215] The second result can be understood as an original measurement result, or it may include an original sensing result or an original positioning result.
[0216] In this implementation, there may include two stages, as original result and final result. The BS could perform sensing or positioning without considering GTP information initially, and then use the GTP information to adjust the original sensing result or original positioning result, so as to obtain the final result (the first result) .
[0217] In yet another implementation, the BS may receive a third indication of adjusting the second result transmitted by the CN.
[0218] Adjusting the second result includes: adjusting, by the BS, the second result using the at least part of the first information according to the third indication.
[0219] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the BS may receive the third indication, and then adjust, based on the third indication, the original measurement result using the first information.
[0220] For example, before receiving the third indication, the BS may transmit the second result to the CN.
[0221] In this implementation, there may include three or more stages, as original result, revised indication, and final result. The BS could perform sensing or positioning without considering GTP information initially, and then it would report the results to CN. The CN would request the BS to revise result or redo the process while considering GTP information when the quality of results is not satisfactory for the service. In this case, there would be a back-and-forth exchange of information between CN and BS.
[0222] In some examples, the revised suggestion information can be the same as GTP information or new data formats, which enables continuous refinement of sensing or positioning results through the interaction between CN and BS, or CN and UE, instead of providing only a best effort result.
[0223] In step 1006, the BS reports sense or positioning result.
[0224] As mentioned in Step 1005, the BS could report either the initial or final result. Additionally, besides reporting to CN (the management function) , other possible report destinations in this step include other BSs, GTP, or UE.
[0225] In step 1007, the CN manages the result and the GTP.
[0226] This step indicates who will use the result in the future. As for the management function being in CN, when others such as UE, target / object, BS or GTP need to use the result, they should send an application request to CN. Only if CN confirms and accepts the request can the result be sent to these applicants.
[0227] In some examples the CN-based GTP-assisted sensing / positioning procedures include BS sensing / positioning, along with corresponding implementation behavior that BS uses the GTP or revised suggestion information to refine its results, which enables the BS to use the GTP to improve the network service capability.
[0228] Some embodiments of the present disclosure include CN-based GTP-assisted UE sensing / positioning. A call-flow signaling diagram of an example procedure is illustrated below.
[0229] Although the diagram includes specific examples of entities in the system, more generally, the base station (BS) could be a gNB, a TRP, a sensing node, a relay, a reconfigurable intelligent surface, or any other transmission or reflection point; the UE could be a sensor, a watch, a hand-held device, a car, a robot, or any other mobile equipment. Although the diagram includes multiple numbered steps, each step is representative of an example operation in the system. Moreover, the numbering of the steps is non-limiting, not representative of any preferred embodiment or order of operations, and merely included for clarity and to simplify identification of different operations; therefore, some steps may be optional in certain embodiments, or may not need to be performed exactly in the order shown.
[0230] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed at a UE in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11, the method 1100 may include the following steps.
[0231] In step 1101, the CN obtains the GTP information.
[0232] The operations and details in this step are the same as the corresponding step described above.
[0233] In a case where the device is the UE, the UE may receive the first information from the BS.
[0234] In step 1102, the CN sends the GTP information to UE
[0235] This step is similar to the corresponding step described above; however, the UE instead of the BS is the destination of the information. Any message or information from CN to UE should go through the BS. In some embodiments, the BS will not need to process or modify this information, and will only need to transparently transmit the information to the UE.
[0236] In step 1103, the UE receives the GTP information.
[0237] In this step, UE will receive the packet including GTP information via the air interface between UE and BS as the Step 1102 mentioned. The packet could be in the control channel (e.g. physical control channel) , in the data channel (e.g. physical data channel) , physical signal, in MAC PDU, or in MAC signal.
[0238] Then, the UE will obtain the GTP information according to the specified data format.
[0239] In step 1104, the UE determines information that the GTP information can be used to one sense target or positioning object.
[0240] Some embodiments include determining that the target or object is in close proximity to the GTP. This way, the GTP can effectively enhance sensing and positioning performance. Therefore, it is important for the UE to know if the target or object is present in this GTP area, if the GTP information could be used to the sensing target or positioning object, and / or the approximate location of the target or object.
[0241] While most of the operations are similar to corresponding BS-based operations in the embodiments described above, some changes related to UE-side operations are highlighted. In this step, UE could determine the GTP information can be used to one sense target or positioning object by one or more below ways:
[0242] way 1: by the sensing results of target or object
[0243] 1-1, if the target or object sensed the GTP, it should be in the vicinity of the GTP.
[0244] 1-2, BS or UE preliminarily sensed that the target or object is in the vicinity of the GTP
[0245] 1-3, GTP preliminarily sensed that the target or object is in the vicinity of the GTP
[0246] Note, the sensing methods could be RF sensing, radar sensing, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) , computer vision, multimodal sensing, etc.
[0247] way 2: by the positioning results of target or object
[0248] 2-1, if the target or object positioned the GTP, it should be in the vicinity of the GTP.
[0249] 2-2, BS or UE preliminarily positioned that the target or object is in the vicinity of the GTP
[0250] 2-3, GTP preliminarily positioned that the target or object is in the vicinity of the GTP
[0251] 2-4, the target or object positioned itself in the vicinity of the GTP, and report the result to CN and / or BS, and then BS and / or CN informs the UE.
[0252] way 3: by the related message from CN or BS,
[0253] 3-1, reserved localization information of the target or object in CN
[0254] 3-2, the information that target or object is in the vicinity of the GTP
[0255] 3-3, indication that UE could use the GTP information to perform sensing or positioning for this target or object.
[0256] In step 1105, the UE provides the sensing and / or positioning result considering the GTP information.
[0257] This step similar to the corresponding BS-based step described above, with suitable changes related to UE-side operations.
[0258] In an implementation, the UE may obtain a first result of the target measurement based on part or all of the first information and the one or more signals.
[0259] In another implementation, the UE may obtain a second result of the target measurement, and obtain the first result by adjusting the second result using the part or all of the first information.
[0260] In yet another implementation, the UE may receive a third indication of adjusting the second result.
[0261] Adjusting the second result includes adjusting the second result using the at least part of the first information according to the third indication.
[0262] For example, before receiving the third indication, the device may transmit the second result.
[0263] In step 1106, the UE reports sense or positioning result
[0264] This step similar to the corresponding BS-based step described above, with suitable changes related to UE-side operations.
[0265] In step 1107, the CN manages the result and the GTP.
[0266] This step is the same as the corresponding step described above.
[0267] The present disclosure describes various technical features with beneficial effects. In some examples the Core Network reserves and manages the GTP information, and can distribute it based on service requirements or requests from BS / UE, which enables the exchange of GTP information between different network equipment vendors.
[0268] In some examples the CN-based GTP-assisted sensing / positioning procedures include UE sensing / positioning, along with corresponding implementation behavior that UE uses the GTP or revised suggestion information to refine its results, which enables the UE to use the GTP to improve the network service capability.
[0269] In some examples, the implementation behavior or standardization definition includes procedures to discover the sensing target or positioning object is in the area of GTP, which helps improve the overall performance of the sensing or positioning operations.
[0270] The method provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure is described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 7 to 10. Next, an apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 5.
[0271] The apparatus shown in FIG. 5 may also be referred to as a communication apparatus, which can be used to realize the functions of the terminal device or the network device in the method embodiments, so that the beneficial effects of the method embodiments can also be realized. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the communication apparatus may be an ED as shown in FIG. 1 or a BS as shown in FIG. 1.
[0272] As shown in FIG. 5, the apparatus 510 includes a communication unit 513. The communication unit 513 may include a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. It will be understood that, the processing unit 512 may include an obtaining unit and an adjusting unit. The apparatus 510 is used to implement the functions of the terminal device or network device in the above method embodiment as shown in FIG. 7.
[0273] In the case where the apparatus 510 is used to implement the functions of the terminal device or the network device in the method embodiment as shown in FIG. 7, the obtaining unit is configured to obtain first information related to one or more ground truth points, where the first information is used for target measurement, the target measurement including at least one of sensing or positioning; the receiving unit is configured to receive one or more signals for the target measurement; and the obtaining unit is further configured to obtain a first result of the target measurement based on part or all of the first information and the one or more signals.
[0274] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first information includes at least one of: state information of the one or more ground truth points; channel information of propagation channel between the one or more ground truth points and the device; channel information of a propagation channel between the one or more ground truth points and the target; channel information of a propagation channel between the one or more ground truth points and one or more environmental objects, where the one or more environmental objects are within a first distance from the one or more ground truth points, a second distance from the target, or a third distance from the device; or one or more adaptation values used for adjusting a result of the target measurement.
[0275] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the state information at least one of: location information of the one or more ground truth points; shape information of the one or more ground truth points; material information of the one or more ground truth points; or distribution information of one or more reference points of at least one of the one or more ground truth points.
[0276] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the channel information includes at least one of: angular information of the propagation channel; channel matrices or channel matrices bias of the propagation channel; delay of the propagation channel; multi path information related to the propagation channel.
[0277] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the one or more adaptation values include at least one of: an adaptation value used for adapting localization result of the target measurement; an adaptation value used for adapting an angle of departure (AoD) result of the target measurement; an adaptation value used for adapting an angle of arrival (AoA) result of the target measurement; or an adaptation value used for adapting a delay result of the target measurement.
[0278] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the part or all of the first information is related to one or more first ground truth points, the one or more first ground truth points belong to the one or more ground truth points, the one or more first ground truth points are determined according to at least one of: a distance between the one or more ground truth points and the target; quality of a signal transmitted between the one or more ground truth points and the target; or a distance between one or more reference points of the one or more ground truth points and the target.
[0279] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the receiving unit is configured to receive a first indication of the one or more first ground truth points; and / or the receiving unit is configured to receive a second indication of reference points of the one or more first ground truth points.
[0280] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the obtaining unit is configured to obtain a second result of the target measurement; and the obtaining unit is configured to obtain the first result by adjusting the second result using the part or all of the first information.
[0281] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the receiving unit is configured to receive a third indication of adjusting the second result; and the adjusting unit is configured to adjust the second result using the at least part of the first information according to the third indication.
[0282] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmitting unit is configured to transmit the second result.
[0283] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the device is a base station, the receiving unit is configured to receive the first information from a network management function.
[0284] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the device is a terminal device, the receiving unit is configured to receive the first information from a base station.
[0285] The present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) . The computer-readable storage medium has instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method corresponding to the device in any of the above embodiments.
[0286] The present disclosure further provides a computer program product carried on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program product stores a computer program (namely, codes or instructions) which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method corresponding to the device in any of the above embodiments.
[0287] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0288] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0289] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0290] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) . The computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon program instructions that, when run on a network device, cause the network device to execute one or more steps of the method for beam management as described in any one of the above embodiments.
[0291] For example, the computer-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a magnetic storage device (e.g., a hard disk, a floppy disk or a magnetic tape) , an optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (CD) , or a DVD) , a smart card, and a flash memory device (e.g., an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , a card, a stick or a key driver) . Various computer-readable storage media described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media, which are used for storing information. The term "computer-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing and / or carrying instructions and / or data.
[0292] Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a computer program product. The computer program product includes program instructions carried on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When executed on a network device, the computer program instructions cause the network device to perform one or more steps of the method for data transmission as described in the above embodiments.
[0293] Beneficial effects of the computer-readable storage medium and the computer program product are the same as the beneficial effects of the method for data transmission as described in some of the above embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.
[0294] The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope of the present disclosure shall be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
[0295] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program including instructions. The instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement a method of the present disclosure.
[0296] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit includes one or more logic circuits for executing the steps of the method for data transmission of the present disclosure.
[0297] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus including means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement a method of the present disclosure. The apparatus may be device (that is, a terminal device or a network device) or a module or component in the device. The at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0298] The apparatus may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device. For example, the apparatus implemented in a communication device may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may include one or more integrated circuits or include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components.
[0299] It will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include, or otherwise have access to, a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e., DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device / apparatus or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement a method, an application or a module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0300] It could be noted that the message in the disclosure could be replaced with information, which may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0301] The terms “apparatus” and “device” are used exchangeable.
[0302] The terms "first" , "second" , and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" , "second" or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
[0303] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0304] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0305] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0306] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0307] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0308] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0309] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0310] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0311] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0312] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A method performed at a device, the method comprising:obtaining first information related to one or more ground truth points, wherein the first information is used for target measurement, the target measurement comprising at least one of sensing or positioning;receiving one or more signals for the target measurement; andobtaining a first result of the target measurement based on part or all of the first information and the one or more signals.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the first information comprises at least one of:state information of the one or more ground truth points;channel information of propagation channel between the one or more ground truth points and the device;channel information of a propagation channel between the one or more ground truth points and the target;channel information of a propagation channel between the one or more ground truth points and one or more environmental objects, wherein the one or more environmental objects are within a first distance from the one or more ground truth points, a second distance from the target, or a third distance from the device; orone or more adaptation values used for adjusting a result of the target measurement.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the state information at least one of:location information of the one or more ground truth points;shape information of the one or more ground truth points;material information of the one or more ground truth points; ordistribution information of one or more reference points of at least one of the one or more ground truth points.4.The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein the channel information comprises at least one of:angular information of the propagation channel;channel matrices or channel matrices bias of the propagation channel;delay of the propagation channel;multi path information related to the propagation channel.5.The method of any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the one or more adaptation values comprise at least one of:an adaptation value used for adapting localization result of the target measurement;an adaptation value used for adapting an angle of departure (AoD) result of the target measurement;an adaptation value used for adapting an angle of arrival (AoA) result of the target measurement; oran adaptation value used for adapting a delay result of the target measurement.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the part or all of the first information is related to one or more first ground truth points, the one or more first ground truth points belong to the one or more ground truth points, and the one or more first ground truth points are determined according to at least one of:a distance between the one or more ground truth points and the target;quality of a signal transmitted between the one or more ground truth points and the target; ora distance between one or more reference points of the one or more ground truth points and the target.7.The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein before obtaining the first result, the method further comprises:receiving a first indication of the one or more first ground truth points; orreceiving a second indication of reference points of the one or more first ground truth points; orreceiving both the first indication and the second indication.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein obtaining the first result comprises:obtaining a second result of the target measurement; andobtaining the first result by adjusting the second result using the part or all of the first information.9.The method of claim 8, further comprising:receiving a third indication of adjusting the second result, wherein adjusting the second result comprises:adjusting the second result using the at least part of the first information according to the third indication.10.The method of claim 9, wherein before receiving the third indication, the method further comprises:transmitting the second result.11.The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the device is a base station, and obtaining the first information comprises:receiving the first information from a network management function.12.The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the device is a terminal device, and obtaining the first information comprises:receiving the first information from a base station.13.An apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.14.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the apparatus comprises:an obtaining unit, configured to obtain first information related to one or more ground truth points, wherein the first information is used for target measurement, the target measurement comprising at least one of sensing or positioning; anda receiving unit, configured to receive one or more signals for the target measurement; whereinthe obtaining unit is further configured to obtain a first result of the target measurement based on part or all of the first information and the one or more signals.15.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the apparatus comprises:one or more processors; andan interface circuit connected to the one or more processors and configured to: obtaining first information related to one or more ground truth points, wherein the first information is used for target measurement, the target measurement comprising at least one of sensing or positioning; receiving one or more signals for the target measurement; and obtaining a first result of the target measurement based on part or all of the first information and the one or more signals.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.17.An apparatus for management of ground truth points, comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12.18.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12.19.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12.