A pharmaceutical combination and use thereof
A combination of EED and AR inhibitors provides a synergistic treatment for prostate cancer, addressing drug resistance and side effects by effectively delaying disease progression.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ASCENTAGE PHARMA SUZHOU CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-28
AI Technical Summary
Current treatments for prostate cancer, particularly castration-resistant prostate cancer, face challenges such as drug resistance and the need for synergistic combinations that can effectively delay disease progression with reduced side effects.
A pharmaceutical combination of an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor and an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor is developed, which can be administered simultaneously, separately, or sequentially to treat or delay the progression of prostate cancer.
The combination demonstrates synergistic antiproliferative activity, effectively slowing the progression of prostate cancer and reducing the reliance on high doses of individual drugs, thereby minimizing side effects.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2025136997-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025136997-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025136997-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
A PHARMACEUTICAL COMBINATION AND USE THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention belongs to the pharmaceutical field, and particularly relates to a pharmaceutical combination comprising an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor and an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, and the use of the combination in delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition or kit comprising the combination.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the male prostate tissue and is the most common malignant tumor in the male urogenital system. The global incidence of prostate cancer continues to rise. According to statistics, prostate cancer ranks second among male tumors. Every year, more than one million people in the world develop prostate cancer, accounting for about 15%of all tumors.
[0003] Androgen receptor inhibitors (ARi) belong to the class of anti-androgen drugs. Inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) function is one of the four main mechanisms of action of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and is also the main treatment strategy for advanced prostate cancer.
[0004] Under normal physiological conditions, the AR signaling pathway plays a key role in the maintenance of prostate function and the progression of prostate cancer. Normal activation of the signal is a necessary condition for maintaining the interaction between prostate epithelial cells and stromal cells and achieving dynamic balance. However, after the occurrence of prostate cancer, activation of the AR pathway will lead to enhanced survival and proliferation of tumor cells and accelerate the progression of the disease. ARi can block the binding of androgens to AR and inhibit AR signal activation, which is crucial to controlling the progression of prostate cancer.
[0005] The first generation of selective ARi includes non-steroidal drugs such as flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, etc., and new generation of ARi includes enzalutamide, apalutamide, rezvilutamide and darotamide which have been launched in recent years. At present, the new generation of ARi with high efficiency and specificity has become the main method of drug treatment for advanced prostate cancer.
[0006] The new generation ARi represented by enzalutamide has stronger specificity and affinity for AR than the previous generation ARi, providing a more effective androgen blocking effect. The new generation ARi combined with ADT has become the current main clinical treatment option for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) , significantly prolongs patient survival.
[0007] Polycomb family (PcG) proteins are a group of transcriptional repressors that regulate target genes through chromatin modification. They not only control the normal developmental pattern of individuals, but are also closely related to cell proliferation, differentiation and tumorigenesis. PcG proteins can be divided into two major categories: PRC1 (polycomb repressive complex 1, with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity) and PRC2 (polycomb repressive complex 2, with methyltransferase activity) .
[0008] PRC2, as a representative member of PcG, is a multi-subunit complex that maintains the repressive state of chromatin by silencing specific gene expression. It plays a key role in development, tissue differentiation and regeneration. Its core subunits include histone methyltransferase 2 (EZH2) , embryonic ectoderm development (EED) , suppressor of zeste 12 (SUZ12) and retinoblastoma suppressor-associated protein 46 / 48 (RbAp46 / 48) . PRC2 dysregulation has been found in many human cancers. For example, PRC2 dysregulation is prevalent in prostate cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. PRC2 can mediate histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) , which is an epigenetic marker that inhibits gene transcription.
[0009] Embryonic ectoderm development (EED) protein is a core component of PRC2 and is essential for histone methyltransferase activity by directly binding to H3K27me3. To date, several EED inhibitors have entered clinical studies, including MAK683 developed by Novartis and FTX-6058 developed by Fulcrum Therapeutics, as well as a new type of potent and selective small molecule EED inhibitor developed by Ascentage Pharma. These inhibitors show high EED binding affinity and are expected to overcome tumor resistance and achieve complete and durable tumor regression by regulating tumor epigenetics and tumor microenvironment.
[0010] For example, preclinical data have demonstrated that a compound with the chemical name 12- ( ( (5-fluoro-2, 3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl) methyl) amino) -4-isopropyl-7- (trifluoromethyl) -4, 5-dihydro-3H-2, 4, 8, 11, 12a-pentaazabenzo [4, 5] cycloocta [1, 2, 3-cd] inden-3-one (hereinafter referred to as "Compound A" ) has in vitro antiproliferative activity against multiple tumor cell lines, as well as anti-tumor activity in PDX / CDX models of EZH2-mutated B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, INI1-negative malignant rhabdoid tumor, BAP1-mutated mesothelioma, and prostate cancer. PD analysis results showed that compound A downregulated oncogenic DNA methylation factors (UHR1 and DNMT1) and histone methylation markers (H3K27me3) .
[0011] Compound A is a member of the imidazopyrimidine EED inhibitors disclosed in WO2021 / 011713, which has the following structural formula:
[0012] With the progress of the molecular biology, molecular targeted therapy has become a hot spot for medical, especially tumor researches. The biological behavior of most tumors is not dominated by a single signaling pathway, but multiple signaling pathways work together. In some cases, drugs with different mechanisms of action may be used in combination. However, it is not necessary that any combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action but acting in similar fields may produce a combination with beneficial effects. Therefore, although there is a need in the art for a combination regimen and product directing to different target proteins and / or different signal transduction pathways, it remains a challenge in the medical field to find a combination regimen and product that is feasible and can bring about a more superior effect (reduced dosage of a single drug, reduced toxic side effects of a single drug, and / or acting in a synergistic manner, etc. ) compared to a single drug, in view of the complexity of the tumorigenesis mechanism, the unpredictability of the interaction between different drugs, etc. . Meanwhile, in the practice of cancer treatment, the generation of drug resistance of tumor cells to single-target drugs is also a difficult problem to be overcome.
[0013] Upon long-term and extensive studies, the inventors have surprisingly found that the combination product comprising an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor and an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, as defined in the specification, in particular in the claims, can produce excellent beneficial effects, even synergistic effects, in delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] In one aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical combination comprising an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor and an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor.
[0015] In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the pharmaceutical combination of the present invention, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0016] In another aspect, the invention provides a method for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical combination comprising an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor and an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor.
[0017] In another aspect, the invention provides the use of a pharmaceutical combination comprising an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor and an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer.
[0018] In another aspect, the invention provides the use of a pharmaceutical combination comprising an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor and an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor in the manufacture of a medicament for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer.
[0019] In another aspect, the invention provides the use of an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor in the manufacture of a medicament for use in combination with an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer.
[0020] In another aspect, the invention provides the use of an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor in the manufacture of a medicament for use in combination with an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer.
[0021] In another aspect, the invention provides a kit, comprising:
[0022] (a) a first component in a first container, the first component comprising an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier;
[0023] (b) a second component in a second container, the second component comprising an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and
[0024] (c) optional instructions for administrating the EED inhibitor and the AR inhibitor simultaneously, separately or sequentially for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] FIG. 1A shows synergistic antiproliferative activity of Compound A in combination with the AR inhibitor Enzalutamide on cell proliferation in LNCaP cell lines.
[0026] FIG. 1B shows synergistic antiproliferative activity of Compound A in combination with the AR inhibitor Enzalutamide on cell proliferation in C4-2B cell lines.
[0027] FIG. 1C shows synergistic antiproliferative activity of Compound A in combination with the AR inhibitor Enzalutamide on cell proliferation in 22RV1 cell lines.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0028] Unless otherwise defined below, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. References to techniques used herein are intended to refer to techniques that are generally understood in the art, including those obvious changes or equivalent replacements of the techniques for those skilled in the art. While it is believed that the following terms are well understood by those skilled in the art, the following definitions are set forth to better explain the invention.
[0029] DEFINITIONS
[0030] As used herein, the terms “including” , “comprising” , “having” , “containing” or “comprising” , and other variants thereof, are inclusive or open, and do not exclude other unlisted elements or method steps.
[0031] The use of the terms “a” , “an” , “the” , and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated. Recitation of ranges of values herein merely are intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as” ) provided herein, is intended to better illustrate the disclosure and is not a limitation on the scope of the disclosure unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the disclosure.
[0032] The term “about, ” as used herein, includes the recited number ± 10%. Thus, “about 10” means 9 to 11.
[0033] As used herein, “EED” refers to embryonic ectoderm development protein, which is overexpressed in many cancers including, but not limited to, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and “EED inhibitor” refers to an agent that can interact with EED protein directly or indirectly and reduce the signal transduction activity of EED.
[0034] As used herein, “AR” refers to androgen receptor, and “AR inhibitor” refers to an agent having an inhibitory effect on AR.
[0035] The term “halo” as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to Cl, F, Br, or I.
[0036] The term “alkyl” as used herein, alone or as part of another group, refers to an unsubstituted straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon containing indicated number of carbon atoms, for example, C1-6 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, etc. Non-limiting examples of C1-6 alkyl include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 3-pentyl, hexyl. Examples of C1-4 alkyl include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and isobutyl.
[0037] The term “haloalkyl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted by one or more fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and / or iodine atoms. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted by one, two, or three fluorine and / or chlorine atoms. In another embodiment, the alkyl is substituted by one, two, or three fluorine atoms. Non-limiting exemplary haloalkyl groups include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 1, 1-difluoroethyl, 2, 2-difluoroethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropyl, 4, 4, 4-trifluorobutyl, and trichloromethyl groups.
[0038] The term “alkoxy” as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group attached to a terminal oxygen atom. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C1-C6 alkyl and resulting alkoxy is thus referred to as a “C1-C6 alkoxy. ” In another embodiment, the alkyl is a C1-C4 alkyl group and resulting alkoxy is thus referred to as a “C1-C4 alkoxy. ” . Non-limiting exemplary C1-C4 alkoxy includes methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, and tert-butoxy.
[0039] The term “aryl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to an aromatic ring system having six to fourteen carbon atoms, i.e., C6-C14 aryl. Non-limiting exemplary aryl groups include phenyl (abbreviated as “Ph” ) , naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracyl, indenyl, azulenyl, biphenyl, biphenylenyl, and fluorenyl groups. In one embodiment, the aryl group is phenyl or naphthyl. In another embodiment, the aryl group is phenyl.
[0040] The terms "aralkyl" or " (aryl) alkyl" as used herein by themselves or as part of another group refers to an alkyl substituted with one, two, or three optionally substituted aryl groups. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted with one optionally substituted aryl group. In one embodiment, the aryl is an optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted naphthyl. In another embodiment, the aryl is an optionally substituted phenyl. The term optionally substituted aryl includes aryl groups having fused optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups and fused optionally substituted heterocyclo groups. Non-limiting exemplary aralkyl groups include benzyl, phenethyl, -CHPh2, -CH (4-F-Ph) 2,
[0041] The term “cycloalkyl” as used herein, alone or as part of another group, refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated (containing one or two double bonds) cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon, which comprises 1 or 2 rings having an indicated number of carbon atoms, e.g., 3 to 12 carbon atoms (i.e., C3-12 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl has two rings. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl has one ring. In another embodiment, the cycloalkyl group is a C3-8 cycloalkyl. In another embodiment, the cycloalkyl group is a C3-6 cycloalkyl. Non-limiting examples of cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, norbornyl, decahydronaphthyl, adamantyl, cyclohexenyl, and cyclopentenyl.
[0042] The term "optionally substituted cycloalkyl" as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to a cycloalkyl group that is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three substituents, wherein each substituent is independently halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyl, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl.
[0043] The term "haloalkoxy" as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to a haloalkyl group attached to a terminal oxygen atom. In one embodiment, the haloalkyl group is a C1-C6 haloalkyl. In another embodiment, the haloalkyl group is a C1-C4 haloalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary haloalkoxy groups include fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, and 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethoxy.
[0044] The term "alkylthio" as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group attached to a terminal sulfur atom. In one embodiment, the alkyl group is a C1-C4 alkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary alkylthio groups include -SCH3, and -SCH2CH3.
[0045] The term "sulfonamido" as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula -SO2NR’R” , wherein R’ and R” are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl. Non-limiting exemplary sulfonamido groups include -SO2NH2, -SO2N (H) CH3, and -SO2N (H) Ph.
[0046] The term "carboxamido" as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula –C (=O) NR’R” , wherein R’ and R” hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl. Non-limiting exemplary carboxamido groups include -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) (H) CH3, and -C (=O) N (CH3) 2.
[0047] The term "alkylcarbonyl" as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group, i.e., -C (=O) -, substituted by an alkyl group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C1-C4 alkyl. A non-limiting exemplary alkylcarbonyl group is -COCH3.
[0048] The term "arylcarbonyl" as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group, i.e., -C (=O) -, substituted by an aryl group. A non-limiting exemplary arylcarbonyl group is -COPh.
[0049] The term "alkylsulfonyl" as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfonyl group, i.e., -SO2-, substituted by an alkyl group. A non-limiting exemplary alkylsulfonyl group is -SO2CH3.
[0050] The term "arylsulfonyl" as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfonyl group, i.e., -SO2-, substituted by an aryl group. A non-limiting exemplary arylsulfonyl group is -SO2Ph.
[0051] The term "carboxy" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula -C (=O) OH.
[0052] The term "aralkyloxy" as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to an aralkyl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. A non-limiting exemplary aralkyloxy group is PhCH2O-.
[0053] The term "aryloxy" as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to an optionally substituted aryl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. A non-limiting exemplary aryloxy group is PhO-.
[0054] The combination of the present invention encompasses any of the compounds of the invention being isotopically-labelled (i.e., radiolabeled) by having one or more atoms replaced by an atom having a different atomic mass or mass number. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into the disclosed compounds include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine and chlorine, such as 2H (or deuterium (D) ) , 3H, 11C, 13C, 14C, 15N, 18O, 17O, 31P, 32P, 35S, 18F, and 36Cl, respectively, e.g., 3H, 11C, and 14C. In one embodiment, provided is a compound wherein substantially all of the atoms at a position within the compound of the invention are replaced by an atom having a different atomic mass or mass number. In another embodiment, provided is a compound wherein substantially all of the atoms at a position within the compound of the invention are replaced by deuterium atoms, e.g., all of the hydrogen atoms of a -CH3 group are replaced by deuterium atoms to give a -CD3 group. In another embodiment, provided is a compound wherein a portion of the atoms at a position within the compound of the invention are replaced, i.e., the compound of the invention is enriched at a position with an atom having a different atomic mass or mass number. In another embodiment, provided is a compound wherein none of the atoms of the compound of the invention are replaced by an atom having a different atomic mass or mass number. Isotopically-labelled compounds of the invention can be prepared by methods known in the art.
[0055] The compounds in the combination of the invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms. The present invention encompasses the use of all such possible forms, as well as their racemic and resolved forms and mixtures thereof. The individual enantiomers can be separated according to methods known in the art in view of the present disclosure. When the compounds described herein contain olefinic double bonds or other centers of geometric asymmetry, and unless specified otherwise, it is intended that they include both E and Z geometric isomers. All tautomers are also encompassed by the present invention.
[0056] As used herein, the term “stereoisomers” is a general term for all isomers of individual molecules that differ only in the orientation of their atoms in space. It includes enantiomers and isomers of compounds with more than one chiral center that are not mirror images of one another (diastereomers) .
[0057] The term “chiral center” or “asymmetric carbon atom” refers to a carbon atom to which four different groups are attached.
[0058] The terms “enantiomer” and “enantiomeric” refer to a molecule that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and hence is optically active wherein the enantiomer rotates the plane of polarized light in one direction and its mirror image compound rotates the plane of polarized light in the opposite direction.
[0059] The term “racemic” refers to a mixture of equal parts of enantiomers and which mixture is optically inactive.
[0060] The term “absolute configuration” refers to the spatial arrangement of the atoms of a chiral molecular entity (or group) and its stereochemical description, e.g., R or S.
[0061] The stereochemical terms and conventions used in the specification are meant to be consistent with those described in Pure &Appl. Chem 68: 2193 (1996) , unless otherwise indicated.
[0062] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” , as used herein, includes both acid addition salts and base addition salts of a compound.
[0063] Suitable acid addition salts are formed from acids which form non-toxic salts. Examples include acetate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bicarbonate / carbonate, bisulfate / sulfate, borate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclohexylaminosulfonate, ethanedisulfonate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, gluconate, glucuronate, hexafluorophosphate, hibenzate, hydrochloride / chloride, hydrobromide / bromide, hydroiodide / iodide, isethionate, lactate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, methylsulfate, naphthylate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, orotate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate / hydrogen phosphate / dihydrogen phosphate, pyroglutamate, aldarate, stearate, succinate, tannate, tartrate, tosylate, trifluoroacetate and xinofoate.
[0064] Suitable base addition salts are formed from bases which form non-toxic salts. Examples include aluminum salts, arginine salts, benzathine benzylpenicillin salts, calcium salts, choline salts, diethylamine salts, diethanolamine salts, glycine salts, lysine salts, magnesium salts, meglumine salts, ethanolamine salts, potassium salts, sodium salts, tromethamine salts and zinc salts.
[0065] For a review of suitable salts, see “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use” by Stahl and Wermuth (Wiley-VCH, 2002) . Methods for preparing the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention are known to those skilled in the art.
[0066] The term “solvate” as used herein is a substance formed by combination, physical binding and / or solvation of a compound of the invention with a solvent molecule, such as a disolvate, a monosolvate or a hemisolvate, wherein the ratio of the solvent molecule to the compound of the invention is about 2: 1, about 1: 1 or about 1: 2, respectively. This kind of physical bonding involves ionization and covalent bonding (including hydrogen bonding) in different degrees. In some cases (e.g., when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated into crystal lattice of crystalline solid) , the solvate can be isolated. Thus, the solvate comprises both solution phase and isolatable solvates. The compounds of the invention may be in solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents (such as water, methanol and ethanol) , and the present application is intended to encompass both solvated and unsolvated forms of the compounds of the invention.
[0067] One type of solvate is a hydrate. “Hydrate” relates to a specific subset of solvates wherein the solvent molecule is water. Solvates generally function in the form of pharmacological equivalents. The preparation of solvates is known in the art, see for example, M. Caira et al, J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 93 (3) : 601-611 (2004) , which describes the preparation of a solvate of fluconazole with ethyl acetate and water. Similar methods for the preparation of solvates, hemisolvates, hydrates and the like are described by van Tonder et al, AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech., 5 (1) : Article 12 (2004) and A. L. Bingham et al, Chem. Commun. 603-604 (2001) . A representative and non-limiting method for the preparation of solvate involves dissolving a compound of the invention in a desired solvent (organic solvent, water or a mixture thereof) at a temperature above 20℃. to about 25℃., and then the solution is cooled at a rate sufficient to form a crystal, and the crystal is separated by a known method such as filtration. Analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy can be used to confirm the presence of the solvent in the crystal of the solvate.
[0068] “Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” in the context of the present invention refers to a diluent, adjuvant, excipient or vehicle together with which the therapeutic agent is administered, and which is suitable for contacting a tissue of human and / or other animals within the scope of reasonable medical judgment, and without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic reactions, or other problems or complications corresponding to a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.
[0069] The pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that can be used in the pharmaceutical compositions or kits of the invention include, but are not limited to, sterile liquids such as water and oils, including those oils derived from petroleum, animals, vegetables or synthetic origins, for example, peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, etc. Water is an exemplary carrier when the pharmaceutical composition is administered intravenously. It is also possible to use physiological saline and an aqueous solution of glucose and glycerin as a liquid carrier, particularly for injection. Suitable pharmaceutical excipients include starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, maltose, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glyceryl monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, skimmed milk powder, glycerin, propylene glycol, water, ethanol and the like. The pharmaceutical composition may further contain a small amount of a wetting agent, an emulsifier or a pH buffering agent as needed. Oral formulations may contain standard carriers such as pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharin, cellulose, magnesium carbonate, and the like. Examples of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are as described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (1990) .
[0070] The pharmaceutical compositions and the components of the kit of the invention may act systemically and / or locally. For this purpose, they may be administered via a suitable route, for example by injection (e.g., intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular administration, including instillation) or transdermal administration; or by oral, buccal, nasal, transmucosal, topical administration, in form of ophthalmic preparation or by inhalation.
[0071] For these routes of administration, the pharmaceutical compositions and the components of the kit of the invention may be administered in a suitable dosage form.
[0072] The dosage forms include, but are not limited to, tablets, capsules, troches, hard candy, pulvis, sprays, creams, ointments, suppositories, gels, pastes, lotions, ointments, aqueous suspensions, injectable solutions, elixirs, syrups.
[0073] The term “container” as used herein refers to a container for holding a pharmaceutical component. This container can be used for preparation, storage, transportation and / or stand-alone / bulk sale, which is intended to include bottles, cans, vials, flasks, syringes, tubes (e.g., those used in cream products) , or any other containers for preparation, containment, storage or distribution of a drug product.
[0074] The term “specification / instruction” as used herein refers to an insert, a tag, a label, etc., which records information about a pharmaceutical component located in the container. The information as recorded is typically determined by the regulatory agency (e.g., the United States Food and Drug Administration) that governs the area in which the product is to be sold. Preferably, the package leaflet specifically lists an indication for which the use of the pharmaceutical component is approved. The package leaflet can be made of any material from which information contained therein or thereon can be read. Preferably, the package leaflet is a printable material (e.g., paper, plastic, cardboard, foil, adhesive paper or plastic, etc. ) on which the desired information can be formed (e.g., printed or applied) .
[0075] As used herein, “individual” or “subject” includes a human individual (referred to as a patient) suffering from a disease (such as prostate cancer) or a normal individual.
[0076] An “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a compound or pharmaceutical combination or pharmaceutical composition administered to a subject, either as a single dose or as part of a series of doses, which is effective to produce a desired therapeutic effect.
[0077] As used herein, the terms “treat” , “treating” , “treatment” and the like refer to alleviating, abating, or ameliorating at least one symptom of a disease or condition, preventing additional symptoms, inhibiting the disease or condition, e.g., arresting the development of the disease or condition, relieving the disease or condition, causing regression of the disease or condition, relieving a condition caused by the disease or condition, or stopping the symptoms of the disease or condition. Although not precluded, treating a disease or condition does not require that the disease, condition, or symptoms associated therewith be completely eliminated. The term “treat” and synonyms contemplate administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical combination of the present invention to a subject in need of such treatment. The treatment may be symptomatic, for example to suppress symptoms. The treatment may be short-term, medium-term or long-term, for example in the context of maintenance therapy.
[0078] The terms "co-administration" , "concurrent administration" , "simultaneous administration" , and similar expressions, as used herein, refer to the administration of two or more agents concurrently to a subject to be treated. By "concurrently" is meant that each agent is administered simultaneously, or each agent is administered sequentially in any order at different time points. If not simultaneously, it is meant that they are administered to the individual in any order and close enough in time to provide the desired therapeutic effect.
[0079] The term "kit" as used herein means that the ingredients (the EED inhibitor and the AR inhibitor of the invention) can be administered independently of each other or by using different fixed combinations with the specified amounts of the ingredients, i.e. at different time points or simultaneously. Thus, the parts of the kit may be administered simultaneously or chronologically staggered, that is at different time points and with equal or different time intervals for each part of the kit. The time intervals are preferably chosen such that the combined use of the parts results in a therapeutic effect on a disease or condition which is greater than the effect which would be obtained by use of either part alone. The components or agents of the kit may each be in separate formulations, which may be the same or different, e.g., may be tablets, capsules, injections, etc. independently of each other.
[0080] The "kit" preferably has at least one beneficial effect, e.g. an effect of the individual combination partners which are mutually enhanced, additional advantageous effects, less side effects, combined therapeutic effects at non-effective doses of one or the individual components, and especially a synergistic effect, e.g. a more than additive effect between the EED inhibitor in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate form and the AR inhibitor in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate form of the invention.
[0081] The term “synergistic effect” as used herein refers to action of two therapeutic agents (the EED inhibitor and the AR inhibitor of the invention) , for example, slowing the symptomatic progression of a proliferative disease, particularly prostate cancer, or symptoms thereof, which is greater than the simple addition of the effects of each drug administered by themselves. A synergistic effect can be calculated, for example, using various methods and equations well known in the art, such as those listed in the Examples of the present invention.
[0082] The term “castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) ” as used herein refers to a lethal form of advanced prostate cancer, CRPC is a condition in which the tumor can grow independently, without the need for external stimulation by the androgen receptor (AR) . Androgen-dependent prostate cancer typically progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after the androgen deprivation therapy.
[0083] As used herein, "metastatic" cancer refers to a cancer that spreads (metastasizes) from its original site to another area of the body. Almost all cancers have the potential to metastasize. Whether metastasis will occur depends on complex interactions between multiple tumor cell factors (including type of cancer, degree of maturation (differentiation) of tumor cells, location and age of cancer, and other factors that are not fully understood) . There are three ways of metastasis: local expansion from a tumor to a surrounding tissue, arrival through bloodstream to a distant site, or arrival through lymphatic system to an adjacent or distant lymph node. Each cancer can have a representative diffusion route. “Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) ” is a heterogeneous disease with diverse drivers of disease progression and mechanisms of therapeutic resistance.
[0084] Embryonic Ectoderm Development (EED) inhibitor
[0085] In one embodiment, the EED inhibitor involved in the present invention is the EED inhibitor described in WO2021 / 011713, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0086] In a particular embodiment, the EED inhibitor involved in the present invention is a compound of formula (I):
[0087] wherein:
[0088] R1 is aralkyl;
[0089] R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-C4 alkyl;
[0090] X is selected from the group consisting of -C (R5a) (R5b) -, -C (=O) -, and -S (=O) 2-;
[0091] R5a and R5b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-C4 alkyl;
[0092] Y is selected from the group consisting of -C (R6a) (R6b) -, -S-, -O-, and -N (R7) -;
[0093] Z is -C (R6c) (R6d) m-;
[0094] R6a and R6b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-C4 alkyl;
[0095] each R6c and R6d is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-C4 alkyl;
[0096] m is 0, 1, or 2;
[0097] R7 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl;
[0098] L is selected from the group consisting of -C (R8b) = and -N=;
[0099] R8a is selected from optionally deuterated C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, e.g., -CF3, -CH3, -CHF2, -CD3 and cyclopropyl; and
[0100] R8b and R8c are hydrogen;
[0101] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0102] In one embodiment, the EED inhibitor involved in the present invention is a compound of formula (I) as defined above, wherein X is -C (=O) -;
[0103] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0104] In one embodiment, the EED inhibitor involved in the present invention is a compound of formula (I) as defined above, wherein
[0105] Y is -N (R7) -; and
[0106] R7 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkyl;
[0107] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0108] In one embodiment, the EED inhibitor involved in the present invention is a compound of formula (I) as defined above, wherein
[0109] R6c and R6d are both H;
[0110] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0111] In one embodiment, the EED inhibitor involved in the present invention is a compound of formula (I) as defined above, wherein
[0112] R8a is selected from -CF3, -CH3, -CHF2, -CD3 and cyclopropyl;
[0113] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0114] In one embodiment, the EED inhibitor involved in the present invention is a compound of formula (I) as defined above, wherein
[0115] R1 is
[0116] wherein R12a, R12b, and R12c are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 alkoxy;
[0117] W is selected from the group consisting of -CH2-and -C (=O) -; and
[0118] t is 1 or 2,
[0119] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0120] In one embodiment, the EED inhibitor involved in the present invention is a compound of formula (I) as defined above, wherein
[0121] R1 is
[0122] wherein R12a, R12b, and R12c are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 alkoxy,
[0123] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0124] In one embodiment, the EED inhibitor involved in the present invention is a compound of formula (I) as defined above, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of:
[0125] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0126] In one embodiment, the EED inhibitor involved in the present invention is selected from
[0127] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0128] In one embodiment, the EED inhibitor involved in the present invention is
[0129] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0130] Androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor
[0131] In one embodiment, the AR inhibitor involved in the present invention is selected from flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, rezvilutamide and darotamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0132] In one embodiment, the AR inhibitor involved in the present invention is flutamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0133] Flutamide is a nonsteroidal androgen antagonist belonging to the acylanilides and is a first-line treatment for prostate cancer.
[0134] Flutamide has the following structural formula:
[0135] and its chemical name is 2-methyl-N- [4-nitro-3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] propionamide.
[0136] In one embodiment, the AR inhibitor involved in the present invention is nilutamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0137] Nilutamide is a non-steroidal anti-androgen drug. Its main mechanism of action is to inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cells by competitively binding to androgen receptors and blocking the binding of androgens to DNA. This mechanism is not only applicable to patients with early-stage prostate cancer, but is also effective for patients with advanced stages and metastases.
[0138] Nilutamide has the following structural formula:
[0139] and its chemical name is 5, 5-dimethyl-3- [4-nitro-3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] -2, 4-imidazolidinedione.
[0140] In one embodiment, the AR inhibitor involved in the present invention is bicalutamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0141] Bicalutamide is a nonsteroidal anti-androgen drug that competitively binds to androgen receptors, thereby blocking the effects of testosterone on cells. It is mainly used to treat prostate cancer patients, reducing the tumor's dependence on testosterone and thus prolonging the patient's survival.
[0142] Bicalutamide has the following structural formula:
[0143] and its chemical name is N- [4-cyano-3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] -3- (4-fluorophenyl) sulfonyl-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanamide.
[0144] In one embodiment, the AR inhibitor involved in the present invention is enzalutamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0145] Enzalutamide is a second-generation androgen receptor inhibitor mainly used to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) . Enzalutamide has the following structural formula:
[0146] and its chemical name is 4- {3- [4-cyano-3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] -5, 5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-1-yl} -2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide.
[0147] Enzalutamide has better efficacy and fewer side effects than first-generation androgen receptor inhibitors. Enzalutamide was approved by the FDA in 2012 for the treatment of men with advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer that has spread or relapsed. The drug inhibits the growth of cancer cells by blocking the binding of androgens to androgen receptors, preventing nuclear translocation of ligand-receptor complexes and recruitment of coactivators.
[0148] In one embodiment, the AR inhibitor involved in the present invention is apalutamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0149] Apalutamide is an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor developed by the University of California, USA, for the treatment of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (NM-CRPC) .
[0150] Apalutamide has the following structural formula:
[0151] and its chemical name is 4- [7- (6-cyano-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl) -8-oxo-6-thioxo-5, 7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl] -2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide.
[0152] In one embodiment, the AR inhibitor involved in the present invention is rezvilutamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0153] Reviluamide is an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor that competitively inhibits the binding of androgens to AR, thereby inhibiting AR nuclear translocation and DNA binding, and reducing AR-mediated gene transcription. Reviluamide is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) with high tumor burden.
[0154] Reviluamide has the following structural formula:
[0155] and its chemical name is (S) -4- (3- (4- (2, 3-dihydroxypropoxy) phenyl) -4, 4-dimethyl-5-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolin-1-yl) -2- (trifluoromethyl) benzonitrile.
[0156] In one embodiment, the AR inhibitor involved in the present invention is darotamide (Nubeqa) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0157] Darolutamide is an oral non-steroidal androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor developed by Bayer and approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2019 for the treatment of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) .
[0158] Darolutamide has the following structural formula:
[0159] and its chemical name is N- { (2S) -1- [3- (3-chloro-4-cyanophenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl] propan-2-yl} -5- (1-hydroxyethyl) -1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide.
[0160] Pharmaceutical Combinations, methods and Uses
[0161] In one embodiment, the invention provides a pharmaceutical combination comprising an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor and an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, wherein the EED inhibitor is a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as defined above, and the AR inhibitor is selected from flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, rezvilutamide and darotamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0162] In one embodiment, the weight ratio between the EED inhibitor and the AR inhibitor is 0.005-5000: 0.005-5000, for example, 0.05-1500: 0.005-5000, 0.1-6: 0.005-4, 100: 0.5-400, 100: 1-350, 100: 2-300, 100: 5-200, 100: 10-150, 100: 10-100, 100: 10-90, 100: 20-80.
[0163] In one embodiment, the molar ratio between the EED inhibitor and the AR inhibitor is 100-1: 1-100, for example, 90-1: 1-90, 80-1: 1-80, 70-1: 1-70, 60-1: 1-60, 50-1: 1-50, 40-1: 1-40, 30-1: 1-30, 20-1: 1-20, 15-1: 1-15, 10-1: 1-10, 9-1: 1-9, 8-1: 1-8, 7-1: 1-7, 6-1: 1-6, 5-1: 1-5, 4-1: 1-4, 3-1: 1-3, 2-1: 1-2, for example, 100: 1, 95: 1, 90: 1, 85: 1, 80: 1, 75: 1, 70: 1, 65: 1, 60: 1, 55: 1, 50: 1, 45: 1, 40: 1, 35: 1, 30: 1, 25: 1, 20: 1, 15: 1, 10: 1, 9: 1, 8: 1, 7: 1, 6: 1, 5: 1, 4: 1, 3: 1, 2: 1, 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3, 1: 4, 1: 5, 1: 6, 1: 7, 1: 8, 1: 9, 1: 10, 1: 15, 1: 20, 1: 25, 1: 30, 1: 35, 1: 40, 1: 45, 1: 50, 1: 55, 1: 60, 1: 65, 1: 70, 1: 75, 1: 80, 1: 85, 1: 90, 1: 95, 1: 100, , and the ranges between any of the aforementioned values are also included.
[0164] In one embodiment, the EED inhibitor and the AR inhibitor are each in separate formulations.
[0165] In one embodiment, the EED inhibitor and the AR inhibitor are independently in the form of tablets, capsules, granules, syrups, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, ointments, creams and injections.
[0166] In one embodiment, the EED inhibitor and the AR inhibitor are administrated simultaneously, separately or sequentially.
[0167] In one embodiment, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical combination comprising an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor and an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the EED inhibitor is a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as defined above, and the AR inhibitor is selected from flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, rezvilutamide and darotamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0168] In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical combination comprising an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor and an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, wherein the EED inhibitor is a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as defined above, and the AR inhibitor is selected from flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, rezvilutamide and darotamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0169] In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer, comprising co-administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor and a therapeutically effective amount of an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, wherein the EED inhibitor is a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as defined above, and the AR inhibitor is selected from flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, rezvilutamide and darotamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0170] In one embodiment, the invention provides the use of a pharmaceutical combination comprising an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor and an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer, wherein the EED inhibitor is a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as defined above, and the AR inhibitor is selected from flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, rezvilutamide and darotamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0171] In one embodiment, the invention provides the use of a pharmaceutical combination comprising an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor and an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor in the manufacture of a medicament for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer, wherein the EED inhibitor is a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as defined above, and the AR inhibitor is selected from flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, rezvilutamide and darotamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0172] In one embodiment, the invention provides the use of an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor in the manufacture of a medicament for use in combination with an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer, wherein the EED inhibitor is a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as defined above, and the AR inhibitor is selected from flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, rezvilutamide and darotamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0173] In one embodiment, the invention provides the use of an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor in the manufacture of a medicament for use in combination with an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer, wherein the EED inhibitor is a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as defined above, and the AR inhibitor is selected from flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, rezvilutamide and darotamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0174] In one embodiment, the invention provides a kit, comprising:
[0175] (a) a first component in a first container, the first component comprising an embryonic ectoderm development (EED) inhibitor, which is a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as defined above, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier;
[0176] (b) a second component in a second container, the second component comprising an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, which is selected from flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, rezvilutamide and darotamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and
[0177] (c) optional instructions for administrating the EED inhibitor and the AR inhibitor simultaneously, separately or sequentially for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer.
[0178] In one embodiment, the first component in the first container and the second component in the second container are independently in the form of tablets, capsules, granules, syrups, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, ointments, creams and injections.
[0179] In some embodiments, the invention provides the pharmaceutical combination, the pharmaceutical composition, the method, the use, and the kit as defined above, wherein the EED inhibitor is
[0180] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0181] In some embodiments, the invention provides the pharmaceutical combination, the pharmaceutical composition, the method, the use, and the kit as defined above, wherein the AR inhibitor is enzalutamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0182] In some embodiments, the invention provides the pharmaceutical combination, the pharmaceutical composition, the method, the use, and the kit as defined above, wherein the EED inhibitor is administrated in an amount of from about 0.005 mg / day to about 5000 mg / day, such as an amount of about 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500 or 5000 mg / day.
[0183] In some embodiments, the EED inhibitor is administrated in an amount of from about 1 ng / kg to about 200 mg / kg, about 1 μg / kg to about 100 mg / kg, or about 1 mg / kg to about 50 mg / kg per unit dose, for example, administrated in an amount of about 1 μg / kg, about 10 μg / kg, about 25 μg / kg, about 50 μg / kg, about 75 μg / kg, about 100 μg / kg, about 125 μg / kg, about 150 μg / kg, about 175 μg / kg, about 200 μg / kg, about 225 μg / kg, about 250 μg / kg, about 275 μg / kg, about 300 μg / kg, about 325 μg / kg, about 350 μg / kg, about 375 μg / kg, about 400 μg / kg, about 425 μg / kg, about 450 μg / kg, about 475 μg / kg, about 500 μg / kg, about 525 μg / kg, about 550 μg / kg, about 575 μg / kg, about 600 μg / kg, about 625 μg / kg, about 650 μg / kg, about 675 μg / kg, about 700 μg / kg, about 725 μg / kg, about 750 μg / kg, about 775 μg / kg, about 800 μg / kg, about 825 μg / kg, about 850 μg / kg, about 875 μg / kg, about 900 μg / kg, about 925 μg / kg, about 950 μg / kg, about 975 μg / kg, about 1 mg / kg, about 5 mg / kg, about 10 mg / kg, about 15 mg / kg, about 20 mg / kg, about 25 mg / kg, about 30 mg / kg, about 35 mg / kg, about 40 mg / kg, about 45 mg / kg, about 50 mg / kg, about 60 mg / kg, about 70 mg / kg, about 80 mg / kg, about 90 mg / kg, about 100 mg / kg, about 125 mg / kg, about 150 mg / kg, about 175 mg / kg, about 200 mg / kg per unit dose, and administrated with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10) unit doses per day.
[0184] In some embodiments, the AR inhibitor is flutamide, which is administered daily at 250mg / day to 1000mg / day, e.g., 500mg / day to 750mg / day, e. g, 250 mg, tid.
[0185] In some embodiments, the AR inhibitor is nilutamide, which is administered daily at 50mg / day to 500mg / day, e.g., 100mg / day to 300mg / day, e. g, 100 mg, tid.
[0186] In some embodiments, the AR inhibitor is bicalutamide, which is administered daily at 50mg / day to 200mg / day, e.g., 50mg / day to 150mg / day, e.g., 50mg / day or 150mg / day.
[0187] In some embodiments, the AR inhibitor is enzalutamide, which is administered daily at 40mg / day to 240mg / day, e.g., 80mg / day to 200mg / day, e. g, 160mg, qd.
[0188] In some embodiments, the AR inhibitor is apalutamide, which is administered daily at 50mg / day to 300mg / day, e.g., 60mg / day to 240mg / day, e. g, 240mg / day.
[0189] In some embodiments, the AR inhibitor is rezvilutamide, which is administered daily at 80mg / day to 320mg / day, e.g., 160mg / day to 240mg / day, e. g, 240mg, qd.
[0190] In some embodiments, the AR inhibitor is darotamide, which is administered daily at 300mg / day to 2400mg / day, e.g., 600mg / day to 1200mg / day, e. g, 600mg, bid.
[0191] In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) , advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer that has spread or relapsed, metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) , or non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (NM-CRPC) .
[0192] In some embodiments, the combined administration of an EED inhibitor and an AR inhibitor as defined herein not only results in a beneficial, especially synergistic, therapeutic effect, but also results in additional benefits due to the combined treatment, such as an unexpectedly prolonged efficacy, a broader range of treated diseases, and unexpectedly beneficial effects on prostate cancer, especially metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) , such as a significantly enhanced efficacy, thereby extending the dosing cycle and providing the patient with a longer survival benefit.
[0193] In some embodiments, a further advantage provided by the present invention is that lower doses of the respective drugs to be combined according to the invention can be used, for example, the required dose is not only smaller but also less frequently; or may be used to reduce the incidence of side effects, which are consistent to the desires and requirements of the patients to be treated.
[0194] In some embodiments, the AR inhibitor, such as flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, rezvilutamide and darotamide, is administrated in a lower dose in comparison with the dose of the AR inhibitor that is administered alone.
[0195] The combination of an EED inhibitor and an AR inhibitor, particularly Compound A and enzalutamide, can be demonstrated to be more effective in preventing or treating prostate cancer, such as metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) , by art-established test models, particularly those described herein.
[0196] The person skilled in the relevant art is fully enabled to select suitable animal test models to prove the hereinbefore and hereinafter indicated therapeutic indications and beneficial effects. Pharmacological activity may be demonstrated, for example, by in vivo assay animal models known in the art.
[0197] General or preferred definitions of a given feature in various enumerated embodiments of the present invention may be combined with general or preferred definitions of other features to yield yet further embodiments of the present invention, as if such combinations were specifically and individually set forth herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0198] Unless a formula is clearly wrong, when the chemical name of any compound of the present invention is inconsistent with a given formula, the formula prevails.
[0199] In this specification, several prior publications are referenced. These publications, while not considered to be relevant to the patentability of the invention, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it) , is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or admission or any form of suggestion that the corresponding prior publication (or information derived from it) forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of technology to which this specification relates.
[0200] Examples
[0201] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are, however, to be construed as merely illustrative in more detail and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
[0202] The experimental procedures, for which specific conditions are not noted in the following examples, are generally carried out according to the suitable conventional conditions known in the art, or according to the conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
[0203] The experimental materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available or can be prepared according to prior art methods, unless otherwise specified.
[0204] Example 1: Synergistic anti-proliferative effect of Compound A in combination with AR inhibitor
[0205] Enzalutamide on prostate cancer cell lines
[0206] Materials and Methods:
[0207] Cell viability was assessed using the Luminescent Cell Viability Assay, as described in Example 1. In this assay, the in vitro proliferation inhibitory effect of Compound A in combination with the AR inhibitor Enzalutamide was evaluated on the LNCaP, C4-2B and 22RV1 cell lines.
[0208] The LNCaP, C4-2B, and 22RV1 cell lines were purchased from Cobioer (Nanjing, China) and maintained in RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco, Cat#C11875500BT) supplemented with 10%fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA; Cat#10099141C) , 100 U / mL penicillin, and 100 μg / mL streptomycin. For the CellTiter-Glo (CTG) assay, the 22RV1 cells were cultured in fresh phenol red-free RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco, Cat#11835-030) with 10%charcoal-stripped FBS (CSS) (SERANA, Australia, Cat#FBS-DT022) .
[0209] LNCaP and C4-2B cells were treated with the indicated gradient concentrations of Compound A or Enzalutamide for 5 days, either individually or in combination. In contrast, 22RV1 cells were treated with the same gradient concentrations of Compound A or Enzalutamide for 7 days, either individually or in combination. The inhibitory effects on cell growth were assessed using the luminescent assay, with cell viability data presented as Mean ± SD based on n = 3 replicates.
[0210] Results and Conclusions:
[0211] The antiproliferative effects of Compound A in combination with the AR inhibitor Enzalutamide on the LNCaP, C4-2B, and 22RV1 cell lines are illustrated in Figure 1A to 1C.
[0212] The results showed that Compound A, as a single agent, demonstrated significant antiproliferative activity against all three cell lines. Although either Compound A or the AR inhibitor Enzalutamide alone displayed antiproliferative activity, this effect was notably enhanced when the two were combined. The combination resulted in a leftward shift in the cell proliferation curves, indicating synergistic activity. Specifically, the combination of Compound A and Enzalutamide consistently exerted synergistic effects in the LNCaP, C4-2B, and 22RV1 cell lines.
[0213] The combination of Compound A and Enzalutamide not only enhanced the antiproliferative effect but also led to a reduced IC50 value for the combination treatment compared to either agent alone. This reduction in IC50, along with the leftward shift of the combination treatment curve, suggests a synergistic interaction.
[0214] Further analysis indicated that combination index (CI) values, calculated using CalcuSyn software, were consistently less than 0.7 at multiple concentrations, indicating moderate (CI score 3+) to very strong (CI score 5+) synergistic inhibitory effects. In particular, the combination exhibited strong synergistic activity in the LNCaP, C4-2B, and 22RV1 cell lines, with CI values below 0.3 at multiple concentrations, confirming a robust synergistic effect. The combination index (CI) is less than 0.7, which shows that the two-drug combination has a synergistic effect. Combination index (CI) was calculated by CalcuSyn software v2.0 (Biosoft, Cambridge, UK) , as described in Example 1. These findings provide a scientific rationale for the future clinical development of Compound A and Enzalutamide in the treatment of prostate cancer patients.
[0215] Based on this disclosure, various alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings are by way of example only.
[0216] Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain, using no more than routine experimentation, numerous equivalents to the specific embodiments described specifically herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed in the scope of the following claims.
Claims
1.A pharmaceutical combination comprising an EED inhibitor and an AR inhibitor, wherein the EED inhibitor is a compound of formula (I) wherein:R1 is aralkyl;R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-C4 alkyl;X is selected from the group consisting of -C (R5a) (R5b) -, -C (=O) -, and -S (=O) 2-;R5a and R5b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-C4 alkyl;Y is selected from the group consisting of -C (R6a) (R6b) -, -S-, -O-, and -N (R7) -;Z is -C (R6c) (R6d) m-;R6a and R6b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-C4 alkyl;each R6c and R6d is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-C4 alkyl; preferably, R6c and R6d are both H;m is 0, 1, or 2;R7 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl; preferably, R7 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkyl;L is selected from the group consisting of -C (R8b) = and -N=;R8a is selected from optionally deuterated C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C3-C8 cycloalkyl, e.g., -CF3, -CH3, -CHF2, -CD3 and cyclopropyl ; andR8b and R8c are hydrogen;or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.2.The pharmaceutical combination according to claim 1, whereinR1 iswherein R12a, R12b, and R12c are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,halo, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 alkoxy;W is selected from the group consisting of -CH2-and -C (=O) -; andt is 1 or 2.3.The pharmaceutical combination according to claim 1, whereinR1 iswherein R12a, R12b, and R12c are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,halo, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 alkoxy.4.The pharmaceutical combination according to claim 1, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of: 5.The pharmaceutical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the EED inhibitor is selected from or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.6.The pharmaceutical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the EED inhibitor is or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.7.The pharmaceutical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the AR inhibitor is selected from flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, rezvilutamide and darotamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.8.The pharmaceutical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the AR inhibitor is enzalutamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.9.The pharmaceutical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the weight ratio between the EED inhibitor and the AR inhibitor is 0.005-5000: 0.005-5000, for example, 0.05-1500: 0.005-5000, 0.1-6: 0.005-4, 100: 0.5-400, 100: 1-350, 100: 2-300, 100: 5-200, 100: 10-150, 100: 10-100, 100: 10-90, 100: 20-80.10.The pharmaceutical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the molar ratio between the EED inhibitor and the AR inhibitor is 100-1: 1-100, for example, 90-1: 1-90, 80-1: 1-80, 70-1: 1-70, 60-1: 1-60, 50-1: 1-50, 40-1: 1-40, 30-1: 1-30, 20-1: 1-20, 15-1: 1-15, 10-1: 1-10, 9-1: 1-9, 8-1: 1-8, 7-1: 1-7, 6-1: 1-6, 5-1: 1-5, 4-1: 1-4, 3-1: 1-3, 2-1: 1-2, for example, 100: 1, 95: 1, 90: 1, 85: 1, 80: 1, 75: 1, 70: 1, 65: 1, 60: 1, 55: 1, 50: 1, 45: 1, 40: 1, 35: 1, 30: 1, 25: 1, 20: 1, 15: 1, 10: 1, 9: 1, 8: 1, 7: 1, 6: 1, 5: 1, 4: 1, 3: 1, 2: 1, 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3, 1: 4, 1: 5, 1: 6, 1: 7, 1: 8, 1: 9, 1: 10, 1: 15, 1: 20, 1: 25, 1: 30, 1: 35, 1: 40, 1: 45, 1: 50, 1: 55, 1: 60, 1: 65, 1: 70, 1: 75, 1: 80, 1: 85, 1: 90, 1: 95, 1: 100, and the ranges between any of the aforementioned values are also included.11.The pharmaceutical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the EED inhibitor and the AR inhibitor are each in separate formulations.12.The pharmaceutical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the EED inhibitor and the AR inhibitor are independently in the form of tablets, capsules, granules, syrups, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, ointments, creams and injections.13.The pharmaceutical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the EED inhibitor and the AR inhibitor are administrated simultaneously, separately or sequentially.14.A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 13, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.15.A method for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 13 or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 14.16.A method for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer, comprising co-administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an EED inhibitor defined in any one of claims 1-6 and a therapeutically effective amount of an AR inhibitor defined in claim 7 or 8.17.Use of a pharmaceutical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 13 or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 14 for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer.18.Use of a pharmaceutical combination according to any one of claims 1 to 13 or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 14 in the manufacture of a medicament for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer.19.Use of an EED inhibitor defined in any one of claims 1-6 in the manufacture of a medicament for use in combination with an AR inhibitor defined in claim 7 or 8 for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer.20.Use of an AR inhibitor defined in claim 7 or 8 in the manufacture of a medicament for use in combination with an EED inhibitor defined in any one of claims 1-6 for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases, particularly prostate cancer.21.A kit, comprising:(a) a first component in a first container, the first component comprising an EED inhibitor defined in any one of claims 1-6, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier;(b) a second component in a second container, the second component comprising an AR inhibitor defined in claim 7 or 8, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and(c) optional instructions for administrating said EED inhibitor and said AR inhibitor simultaneously,separately or sequentially for delaying the progression of and / or treating proliferative diseases,particularly prostate cancer.22.The method according to claim 15 or 16, the use according to any one of claims 17 to 20, and the kit according to claim 21, wherein the proliferative diseases is prostate cancer, such as metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) , advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer that has spread or relapsed, metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) or non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (NM-CRPC), especially, mCRPC.
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