Reference signal design methods for wireless sensing in integrated sensing and communications system
A multi-level reference signal configuration framework for ISAC systems addresses the integration of sensing and communication challenges by enhancing sensing performance and range, using staggering B patterns and extended cyclic prefix to optimize resource use.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK SINGAPORE PTE LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing ISAC systems face challenges in efficiently integrating sensing and communication performance while managing resource overhead, particularly in configuring reference signals to enhance sensing capabilities and extend sensing range without causing inter-symbol interference.
A multi-level reference signal configuration framework is proposed for frequency and frequency-time domains, utilizing staggering B patterns and extended cyclic prefix to enhance sensing performance and range, while ensuring compatibility with legacy and future communication systems.
The framework achieves improved sensing resolution, accuracy, and extended sensing range by avoiding inter-symbol interference, while efficiently utilizing radio resources and integrating with existing communication systems.
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Figure CN2024134472_04062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
REFERENCE SIGNAL DESIGN METHODS FOR WIRELESS SENSING IN INTEGRATED SENSING AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) for orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing communication system, and particularly relates to a sensing reference design method and related user equipment, which can enhance efficiency and flexibility of radio resource.BACKGROUND
[0002] The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent the work is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure.
[0003] ISAC is a key technology for B5G / 6G system, in which reference signal design is key technology for enabling sensing performance. It should be noted, the configuration of reference signals for ISAC needs to consider not only the sensing capabilities but also how to integrate with the communication system with an acceptable resource overhead. Hence, in this patent, a unified framework for reference signal configuration for frequency only and frequency-time domain are proposed, which take into account the ambiguity function characteristic in both the delay (distance) domain and the doppler (velocity) domain for sensing, as well as the extend sensing range limited by cyclic prefix. This framework allows for flexible configuration of reference signals based on different sensing performance requirements and communication performance requirements, achieving efficient use of radio resources.SUMMARY
[0004] A unified reference signal configuration framework for frequency only and frequency-time domain are proposed, which are applicable to ISAC systems based on orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) and related to user equipment (UE) . This framework aims to enhance sensing performance: the ambiguity functions characteristic in both the delay (distance) and doppler (velocity) dimensions, sensing resolution, accuracy, while allowing for better integration with the legacy communication system (like 5G / LTE / LTE-A or WCDMA) and also for future communication system like 5G-A or 6G.
[0005] This reference signal configuration framework for frequency only and frequency-time domain are multi-level framework with the smallest configuration unit being the RS pattern, including but not limited to staggering B pattern.
[0006] The multi-level reference signal configuration framework for frequency only and frequency-time domain is proposed, which can extend sensing range limited by CP for different scenarios.
[0007] The proposed multi-level reference signal configuration framework enables non-uniform reference signal configurations. And also the multi-level framework can degenerate to a single-level framework for different requirement of use cases.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-level reference signal design in frequency domain.
[0009] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-level reference signal design in frequency domain.
[0010] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-level reference signal in frequency domain with a specific staggering B RS pattern.
[0011] FIG. 4 is schematic diagram of mechanism for extend CP length in three-level reference signal design in frequency domain.
[0012] FIG. 5 is schematic diagram of multi-level reference signal design in frequency-time domain, wherein two-level in frequency domain and three-level in time domain.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0013] In this disclosure, a multiple-level RS design framework in both frequency and time domain is proposed based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for ISAC system. Firstly, multiple-level RS design in frequency domain is introduced, where number of level is based on the quantity of different reference signal RE spacing, which is at least one. Then multi-level RS design can be extended to frequency-time domain. To simplify the description, three-level RS design framework in frequency domain is described in detail, which is shown in Fig1. The 1st-level is defined as an entire RS pattern, the length of which is 12 REs in frequency domain. RE spacing within the 1st -level is Ssub, 1 in unit of RE. The 2nd -level is defined as RB burst, which is composed of at least of one RB, spacing between the adjacent RB is Ssub, 2 in unit of RE. Then RB burst can be configured in a periodic way along the frequency domain, which is the 3rd -level with spacing Ssub, 3 in unit of RE. Fi denotes staggering offset for the ith symbol, T denotes symbol duration with CP added.
[0014] Three-level framework degenerates to two-level framework if only one RB in each RB burst or Ssub, 3=Ssub, 2, as shown in Fig2. In the same way, three-level framework degenerates to one-level framework (uniform design) , when Ssub, 3=Ssub, 2=Ssub, 1.
[0015] This disclosure provides that multiple-level RS framework with staggering B pattern can achieve maximum delay unambiguity range with MUSIC or IAA algorithm, especially Ssub, 3, Ssub, 2 and Ssub, 1have a common factor greater than 1, where the definition of staggering B pattern is : staggering offset such that there does not exist an integer pair such that the following modulo equation system holds true: where UF is number of symbol in one RS pattern. Fig 3 illustrates a specific example wherein staggering B employs a staggering offset of Fi= {0, 2, 1, 3} , Ssub, 3=12, Ssub, 2=6 and Ssub, 1=4.
[0016] Assuming only one target with delay τ and doppler fD, regular RS pattern in time domain, the Equation solved in MUSIC / IAA is: A=BS+Noise----- (1) where received vector is A, and amplitude vector of sensing signal S, where Δf denotes subcarrier spacing, Ψ= {qSsub, 3+ [p+q (P-1) ] Ssub, 2+ [m+p (M-1) + qP (M-1) ] Ssub, 1} denotes RE index which is column vector used by sensing RS, m∈ {0, …, M-1} , p∈ {0, …, p-1} , q∈ {0, …, Q-1} denote the index of RE within the 1st -level, RB within the 2nd -level and RB bust set respectively, i=0, 1, .., (I-1) , vec {·} denotes vectorization. The ith column of steering matrix B is estimated vector which is represented as To fulfill that no ambiguity peak exists, firstly analyze the anti-condition of equation: should be met for each q, m, p and i.
[0017] Equivalently, (3) can be reformulated as for each q, m, p and i, where denotes integer. Since MUSIC is invariant to constant phase rotation, F0 can be assumed as 0 reasonably. Firstly set q=p=i=0, -ΔfΔτSsub, 1m=κ′1, κ′1=0, 1, …, Ssub, 1-1, which yields Then substituting Δτ into -ΔfΔτ {Ssub, 1m+Fi} +ΔfhTi, which can yield is integer, and this also implies that if one wishes to avoid ambiguous peaks, the equation must not result in an integer which is the definition of staggering B pattern.
[0018] Secondly, set q≠0, p≠0. Substitute into equation (4) , Since Ssub, 3, Ssub, 2 and Ssub, 1 have common factor Г, which can be rewritten as Ssub, 1= ГZ1, Ssub, 2= ГZ2, Ssub, 3= ГZ3, where Z1, Z2 and Z3 is integer. Then can be rewritten as for each q, p, which yields that equation (5) can only be satisfied when κ′1=Z1Гκ1, κ1∈ {0, 1, …, Ssub, 1-1 } . And at this time is integer too. According to definition of staggering B pattern is not integer, therefore, the proof is concluded that when Ssub, 3, Ssub, 2 and Ssub, 1 have a common factor greater than 1, a three-layer RS design employing a Staggering B pattern can achieve the maximum unambiguous range in the delay domain.
[0019] CP length designed for communication is only considered for one-way distance, which is not enough for sensing. And this can introduce inter-symbol interference to sensing target, decreased sensing performance. This disclosure provides a method of extending CP with multiple-level RS framework in frequency domain.
[0020] In time domain, set Ts as OFDM symbol duration, TCP denotes CP duration, then T=TCP+Ts represents symbol duration with CP-added. In frequency domain, multi-level framework is utilized. In this presence, three-level framework is taken as an example. Ssub, 1, Ssub, 2 and Ssub, 3 are spacing for 1st level, 2nd level and 3rd level respectively, which have a common factor greater than 1. m∈ {0, …, M-1} , p∈ {0, …, p-1} , q∈ {0, …, Q-1} index for the first level, the second level and the third level. Xi denotes the data sequence for the ith symbol in frequency domain. Hence, data sequence of the ith symbol in time domain after IFFT is Yi
[0021] where Ntotal= (Q-1) Ssub, 3+Q (P-1) Ssub, 2+QP (M-1) Ssub, 1+1 denotes total RE numbers occupied by Xi, which can be represented as
[0022] where Ψ= {qSsub, 3+ [p+q (P-1) ] Ssub, 2+ [m+p (M-1) +qP (M-1) ] Ssub, 1} is RE index, Fi is staggering offset of each symbol. Set common factor of Ssub, 1, Ssub, 2 and Ssub, 3 as Г>1. Then Yi can be divided into Г parts, Yih= {Yi (n) } , n∈ { (h-1) L, hL} , h=0, 1, ..., Г-1 length of each part is where Hence only phase rotation between different Yih and Yi.
[0023] Add CP sequence into time domain sequence Yi, data sequence of the ith symbol added CP can be set as n=0, 1, ..., Ntotal-NCP-1. Passing through the channel, the sequence will experience time delay Nτ and Doppler frequency shift fD. The data that finally reaches the receiver will be represented as
[0024]
[0025] At the receiver side, some data will be treated as part of the extended CP and will be removed along with CP before FFT, to expand the range without interference between symbols, where extended CP includes first NCP+hL part, h=0, 1, ..., Г-1. Next, by applying phase compensation to the remaining data sequence, the complete data Xi from the transmitter can be obtained through FFT.
[0026] Firstly, After removing the extended CP part, the left data sequence is represented as: where
[0027] Secondly, compensate phase rotation
[0028] Then frequency sequence X′i can be obtained by apply FFT to time sequence G′, which is represented as: Finally, X′i (k′) can be represented as: Therefore, receiver side can recover the transmitter's signal Xi, and at this point, the distance detection range free from symbol signal interference has been extended to: Fig 4 presents a set of configurations for extended CP lengths, where Ssub, 1=4, Ssub, 2=8 and Ssub, 3=12 are defined respectively, with a common factor of Г=4. In this configuration, 1 / 4, 2 / 4, 3 / 4 of the data portion can be used as the extended CP, thereby increasing the sensing range and avoiding inter-symbol interference.
[0029] Multi-level can be also extended to frequency-time domain. In this disclosure, two-level in frequency domain, and three-level in time domain are taking as an example. The first-level serves as the smallest reference signal configuration unit based on RS pattern, encompassing configuration parameters for an RS pattern like subcarrier spacing Ssub, 1 in unit of RE, Nsub, 1 REs in frequency domain per symbol for a RS pattern, staggering offset of mth symbol in unit of RE, symbol spacing Ssym in unit of symbols, the number of symbols UF for one RS pattern. The first-level configuration is based on RS pattern, this disclosure exemplifies staggering B as RS patterns.
[0030] The second-level configuration unit in time domain is “burst” , including NF≥1 RS pattern. totally M symbols are used for one burst. Configuration parameters including the burst spacing Ssec in unit of symbol, and the number of bursts Q. Q bursts in the second-level configuration unit constitute “burst set” including at least one burst. The second level in frequency domain constitutes Nsub, 2 RS pattern, RE spacing between the adjacent RS pattern is Ssub, 2 in unit of RE.
[0031] The third level configuration in time domain is “burst set” , including configuration parameter burst set spacing Sthird, burst set period Tthird, and the number of burst sets P. Fig. 5 illustrates the reference signal configuration framework using examples with staggering B (UF=4, staggering offset ) , wherein Ssub, 1=4, Ssub, 2=12, Ssym=1, one burst having one RS pattern, Ssec=4, one burst set having two bursts, Sthird=10.
[0032] According to some embodiments, a communication apparatus (e.g., a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS) ) is proposed. The communication apparatus can be configured to implement various embodiments of the disclosure described herein. The communication apparatus can include a processor, a memory, and a radio frequency (RF) module that are coupled together. In different examples, the UE may include a smartphone, a smartwatch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, or an IoT / NB-IoT / IIoT apparatus. The BS may include an evolved NodeB (eNB) in 4G LTE, a next-generation NB (gNB) or a transmission and reception point (TRP) in 5G NR, or a B5G / 6G NB.
[0033] The processor can be configured to perform various functions described above with reference to Figs. 1-5. The processor can include signal processing circuitry to process received or to be transmitted data according to communication protocols specified in, for example, LTE and NR standards. Additionally, the processor may execute program instructions, for example, stored in the memory, to perform functions related with different communication protocols. The processor can be implemented with suitable hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, the processor can be implemented with application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) , and the like, that includes circuitry. The circuitry can be configured to perform various functions of the processor 810.
[0034] In one example, the memory can store program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform various functions as described herein. The memory can include a read only memory (ROM) , a random access memory (RAM) , a flash memory, a solid state memory, a hard disk drive, and the like.
[0035] The RF module can be configured to receive a digital signal from the processor and accordingly transmit a signal in a wireless communication network via an antenna. In addition, the RF module can be configured to receive a wireless signal and accordingly generate a digital signal which is provided to the processor. The RF module can include digital to analog / analog to digital converters (DAC / ADC) , frequency down / up converters, filters, and amplifiers for reception and transmission operations. For example, the RF module can include converter circuits, filter circuits, amplification circuits, and the like, for processing signals on different carriers or bandwidth parts.
[0036] The communication apparatus can optionally include other components, such as input and output devices, additional CPU or signal processing circuitry, and the like. Accordingly, the communication apparatus may be capable of performing other additional functions, such as executing application programs, and processing alternative communication protocols.
[0037] The processes and functions described herein can be implemented as a computer program which, when executed by one or more processors, can cause the one or more processors to perform the respective processes and functions. The computer program may be stored or distributed on a suitable medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with, or as part of, other hardware. The computer program may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems. For example, the computer program can be obtained and loaded into an apparatus, including obtaining the computer program through physical medium or distributed system, including, for example, from a server connected to the Internet.
[0038] The computer program may be accessible from a computer-readable medium providing program instructions for use by or in connection with a computer or any instruction execution system. A computer readable medium may include any apparatus that stores, communicates, propagates, or transports the computer program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer-readable medium can be magnetic, optical, electronic, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system (or apparatus or device) or a propagation medium. The computer-readable medium may include a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium such as a semiconductor or solid state memory, magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , a magnetic disk and an optical disk, and the like. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium can include all types of computer readable medium, including magnetic storage medium, optical storage medium, flash medium and solid state storage medium.
[0039] While aspects of the present disclosure have been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments thereof that are proposed as examples, alternatives, modifications, and variations to the examples may be made. Accordingly, embodiments as set forth herein are intended to be illustrative and not limiting. There are changes that may be made without departing from the scope of the claims set forth below
Claims
1.A method, comprising:Reference signal multi-level configuration framework for time-frequency domain for Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) system based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) , wherein the configuration comprises: RS pattern configuration encompassing subcarrier spacing Ssub, 1 in unit of RE, Nsub, 1 REs in frequency domain per symbol for a RS pattern (totally occupying 12 REs) , staggering offset of mth symbolin unit of RE, symbol spacing Ssym in unit of symbols, the number of symbols UF for one RS pattern; the second-level configuration in time domain is “burst” , including NF≥1 RS pattern, totally M symbols are used for one burst, burst spacing Ssec in unit of symbol, and the number of bursts Q, Q bursts in the second-level configuration unit constitute “burst set” including at least one burst, the second level in frequency domain constitutes Nsub, 2 RS pattern, RE spacing between the adjacent RS pattern is Ssub, 2 in unit of RE; and the third level configuration in time domain is “burst set” , including configuration parameter burst set spacing Sthird, burst set period Tthird, and the number of burst sets P.2.The method of claim 1, wherein for reference signal multi-level configuration framework only for frequency domain for ISAC system based on OFDM, comprising: the 1st-level defined as an entire RS pattern, with the length of 12 REs in frequency domain, where RE spacing within the 1st -level Ssub, 1 in unit of RE; the 2nd -level defined as RB burst , which is composed of at least of one RB, spacing between the adjacent RB defined as Ssub, 2 in unit of RE; the 3rd -level RB configured with RB burst spacing Ssub, 3 in unit of RE; staggering offset for the ith symbol denoted as Fi.3.The method of claim 1, wherein for three-level reference signal framework in frequency domain, wherein three-level degenerates to two-level framework if only one RB in each RB burst or Ssub, 3=Ssub, 2, and three-level framework degenerates to one-level framework (uniform design) , when Ssub, 3=Ssub, 2=Ssub, 1.4.A method for extending the cyclic prefix (CP) in an ISAC system based on OFDM for multi-level reference signal design in frequency domain, wherein the CP can be extended to min ( Ts common factor of Ssub, 1, Ssub, 2 and Ssub, 3 denoted as Г>1, h=0, 1, ..., Г-1, OFDM symbol duration denoted as Ts, CP duration denoted as TCP.