Dynamic (DE) activation of HARQ
Dynamic (de)activation of HARQ processes using real-time UE measurements and pre-configured parameters addresses inefficiencies in 5G networks, optimizing resource use and power consumption by aligning with radio conditions for efficient data transmission.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NOKIA SOLUTIONS (SHANGHAI) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing HARQ mechanisms in 5G networks face inefficiencies due to fixed modulation and coding schemes, leading to unnecessary resource wastage and power consumption, particularly in dynamic radio environments, and current dynamic activation methods introduce latency and signaling overhead.
Implementing dynamic (de)activation of HARQ processes based on real-time UE measurements and pre-configured layer 2 parameters, allowing seamless transitions between HARQ-enabled and HARQ-disabled states without RRC reconfiguration, optimizing ARQ performance and reducing power consumption.
Enhances network efficiency by aligning HARQ configurations with dynamic radio conditions, reducing latency and signaling overhead, and optimizing resource utilization while maintaining reliable data transmission.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024135717_04062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DYNAMIC (DE) ACTIVATION OF HARQFIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for dynamic (de) activation of Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) .BACKGROUND
[0002] The development of the next-generation 6G wireless communication systems has already commenced, as evidenced by initiatives like the EU Hexa-X II project. In addition to publicly funded projects, the wireless industry has initiated pre-standardization activities through organizations such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for the IMT-2030 framework, the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance (NGMN) , and the Global Mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) . These efforts aim to shape the framework for wireless communication systems towards 2030 and beyond.
[0003] In the existing 5G New Radio (NR) system, the radio protocol layers, including the physical (PHY) layer and the medium access control (MAC) layer, implement a HARQ mechanism to ensure efficient error recovery. Additionally, the radio link control (RLC) layer plays a critical role in reliable data delivery by utilizing the Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) technique and dynamically segmenting packets based on prevailing radio conditions. These mechanisms collectively enable robust and adaptable communication within the 5G NR framework.SUMMARY
[0004] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to: receive, from a second apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process; in response to at least one criterion is met, switch the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process from one specific state to another specific state; and apply the set of parameters corresponding to the state to which the first apparatus switched to.
[0005] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus at least to: transmit, to a first apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process and information for at least one criterion used by the first apparatus in determining whether to switch the hybrid error correction and transmission process from one specific state to another specific state; and receive, from the first apparatus, an indication indicating the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is switched from one specific state to another specific state by the first apparatus.
[0006] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, from a second apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process; in response to at least one criterion is met, switching the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process from one specific state to another specific state; and applying the set of parameters corresponding to the state to which the first apparatus switched to.
[0007] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process and information for at least one criterion used by the first apparatus in determining whether to switch the hybrid error correction and transmission process from one specific state to another specific state; and receiving, from the first apparatus, an indication indicating the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is switched from one specific state to another specific state by the first apparatus.
[0008] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process; means for in response to at least one criterion is met, switching the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process from one specific state to another specific state; and means for applying the set of parameters corresponding to the state to which the first apparatus switched to.
[0009] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a first apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process and information for at least one criterion used by the first apparatus in determining whether to switch the hybrid error correction and transmission process from one specific state to another specific state; and means for receiving, from the first apparatus, an indication indicating the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is switched from one specific state to another specific state by the first apparatus.
[0010] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the third aspect.
[0011] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the fourth aspect.
[0012] It is to be understood that the Summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:
[0014] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0015] FIG. 2 illustrates an example high-level diagram for HARQ / ARQ;
[0016] FIG. 3 illustrates an example signaling flow in accordance with some embodiments in the disclosure;
[0017] FIGs. 4A-4B, illustrate flow diagrams of example HARQ (de) activation process in accordance with some embodiments in the disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 5 illustrates an example signaling process in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 6 illustrates another example signaling process in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 7 illustrates an example representation of (de) activation status of HARQ retransmission in accordance with some embodiments in the disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 10 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0024] FIG. 11 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0025] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0027] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0028] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0029] It shall be understood that although the terms “first, ” “second, ” …, etc. in front of noun (s) and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another and they do not limit the order of the noun (s) . For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0030] As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0031] As used herein, unless stated explicitly, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intervening steps may be included.
[0032] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0033] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) : (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0034] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0035] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , 5.5G, the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0036] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, an aircraft network device, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. In some example embodiments, radio access network (RAN) split architecture comprises a Centralized Unit (CU) and a Distributed Unit (DU) at an IAB donor node. An IAB node comprises a Mobile Terminal (IAB-MT) part that behaves like a UE toward the parent node, and a DU part of an IAB node behaves like a base station toward the next-hop IAB node.
[0037] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. The terminal device may also correspond to a Mobile Termination (MT) part of an IAB node (e.g., a relay node) . In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0038] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “resource block, ” “physical resource block” (PRB) , “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, for example, a communication between a terminal device and a network device, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other combination of the time, frequency, space and / or code domain resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0039] As used herein, the term "uplink (UL) transmission" may refer any transmission of data from a terminal device to a network device. This includes, but is not limited to, transmissions in the time domain, frequency domain, space domain, code domain, or any combination thereof. Uplink transmission may involve the use of various resources such as physical resource blocks (PRBs) , subcarriers, and time slots, enabling communication from the terminal device to the network device.
[0040] As used herein, the term “downlink (DL) transmission” may refer to any transmission of data from a network device to a terminal device. This includes, but is not limited to, transmissions in the time domain, frequency domain, space domain, code domain, or any combination thereof. Downlink transmission may involve the use of various resources such as physical resource blocks (PRBs) , subcarriers, and time slots, enabling communication from the network device to the terminal device.
[0041] As used herein, the term “Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) ” refers to a communication protocol used to achieve reliable data transmission in wireless networks. ARQ ensures that lost or erroneous data packets are retransmitted until successfully received, based on the feedback provided by the receiver. In the context of 5G, ARQ operates primarily in the data link layer and is essential for maintaining the integrity of communication between the terminal device and the network device, particularly in scenarios with high interference or packet loss. It can be applied to both uplink and downlink transmissions.
[0042] As used herein, the term “Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) ” refers to an enhanced version of ARQ that combines retransmission with forward error correction (FEC) techniques to improve the efficiency of data recovery. HARQ enables the transmission of redundant data alongside the original, increasing the likelihood of successful decoding at the receiver. In 5G systems, HARQ is used to improve error recovery in the physical layer and is especially important in dynamic environments with variable radio conditions. HARQ is deployed in both uplink and downlink communication, enhancing the robustness of the network and optimizing throughput.
[0043] As used herein, the term “Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) ” refers to the use of algorithms and computational models designed to mimic human learning and decision-making. In the context of 5G networks, AI and ML techniques are applied to improve network performance, resource management, and optimization tasks. AI / ML can be used to predict traffic patterns, optimize resource allocation, and adapt to changes in network conditions in real time. By leveraging machine learning models, 5G systems can enhance features like dynamic resource scheduling, network slicing, and traffic management, enabling the network to self-optimize and efficiently respond to varying demands and conditions.
[0044] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a plurality of communication devices, including a terminal device 110 and a network device 120, can communicate with each other. In the example of FIG. 1, the terminal device 110 may be a UE and the network device 120 may be a base station serving the UE. The serving area of the network device 120 may be called a cell.
[0045] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1 are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more additional devices may be located in the cell, and one or more additional cells may be deployed in the communication environment 100. It is noted that although illustrated as a network device, the network device 120 may be another device than a network device. Although illustrated as a terminal device, the terminal device 110 may be another device than a terminal device.
[0046] In the following, for the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments are described with the terminal device 110 operating as a UE and the network device 120 operating as a base station. However, in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a terminal device may be implemented at a network device or other device, and operations described in connection with a network device may be implemented at a terminal device or other device.
[0047] In some example embodiments, a transmission direction from the network device 120 to the terminal device 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a transmission direction from the terminal device 110 to the network device 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the network device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the terminal device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the terminal device 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the network device 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) .
[0048] Communications in the communication environment 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0049] Example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0050] FIG. 2 illustrates an example high-level diagram for HARQ / ARQ. HARQ is an error correction mechanism which combines the strengths of forward error correction (FEC) and ARQ to improve error correction efficiency. HARQ operates at the MAC sublayer, providing robust error handling and reliable delivery between peer entities at Layer 1.
[0051] ARQ is an error control mechanism which focuses on error control and packet recovery at the RLC layer. When the receiver detects a missing or corrupted packet, it sends a request to the sender to retransmit the specific packet. This retransmission mechanism helps maintain data accuracy and ensures successful delivery in scenarios where packet loss occurs.
[0052] HARQ feedback mechanisms are designed to provide fast and frequent error correction, significantly reducing end-to-end round trip time (RTT) . However, certain limitations exist in the current implementation. HARQ feedback utilizes a single-bit binary indicator, which is not CRC-protected and thus remains susceptible to errors. Specifically, this feedback can result in bit toggling, leading to errors such as ACK-to-NACK or NACK-to-ACK. A NACK-to-ACK error introduces unreliable packet delivery, while an ACK-to-NACK error results in unnecessary resource wastage due to redundant retransmissions.
[0053] Additionally, HARQ retransmissions may face complexity when adapting the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to account for changing channel conditions. This complexity often results in the MCS being fixed during retransmissions, which can lead to HARQ failures, particularly at the cell edge where signal quality is poor. Although low error probabilities in HARQ feedback can be achieved by increasing transmission power, this approach imposes significant cost constraints. Balancing these constraints typically results in a residual HARQ error rate of approximately 1%, which may still be excessive for certain applications. For example, high data-rate applications utilizing the transmission control protocol (TCP) demand near error-free packet delivery. TCP inherently assumes that packet errors result from network congestion, triggering its congestion avoidance mechanism and reducing the data rate unnecessarily. 5G networks employ a combination of ARQ and HARQ. This hybrid approach strikes an optimal balance between small RTT and manageable feedback overhead. The complementary strengths of ARQ and HARQ allow dynamic adaptation to varying channel conditions, ensuring reliable data transmission while maintaining efficient network performance.
[0054] ARQ is a robust mechanism designed for reliable recovery from packet loss, particularly at the RLC layer. ARQ operates by employing status reporting and retransmission of protocol data units (PDUs) , utilizing RLC sequence numbers to maintain data integrity. To enhance reliability, the feedback mechanism, which includes the RLC STATUS PDU, is safeguarded with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) protection, ensuring accurate detection and correction of errors during communication.
[0055] HARQ memory is structured into slotted memory banks, with the contents of these banks requiring retention throughout the active state of the HARQ process or processes. The size and organization of the HARQ memory are determined by the capabilities of the UE. As the number of active HARQ processes increases, a correspondingly larger number of memory banks must remain powered to support the ongoing operations. Depending on the capabilities of the UE, it may be necessary to keep the HARQ memory banks powered during HARQ processing to ensure proper functionality. Additionally, critical peripherals and components of the HARQ Soft Bit Combiner, such as the HARQ slot memory management unit and instruction decoders, also consume processor execution cycles during the operation of each active HARQ process for each serving cell.
[0056] Disabling HARQ processing can lead to substantial power savings by reducing the power consumption of the HARQ module. The option to disable HARQ processing has been introduced for non-terrestrial network (NTN) DL and UL operations. For DL, HARQ feedback may be disabled on a per-HARQ-process basis. When DL transmission is received for such a process, the UE neither sends HARQ feedback nor starts the HARQ RTT timer or retransmission (Retx) timer for discontinuous reception (DRX) . For UL, HARQ Mode A or Mode B may be configured on a per-HARQ-process and per-logical channel (LCH) basis. The logical channel prioritization (LCP) procedure ensures that data is multiplexed only from the LCH (s) permitted to use the configured HARQ mode for the UL grant of the HARQ process. Similar to DL, for HARQ Mode B in UL, the HARQ RTT timer and Retx timer are not initiated for DRX.
[0057] In general, HARQ demonstrates better performance under poor channel conditions, while ARQ is more effective in good channel conditions. However, enabling both ARQ and HARQ feedback and retransmission mechanisms simultaneously introduces resource and processing overhead on both the transmitter and receiver sides. Therefore, it is not necessary to have both ARQ and HARQ active at all times.
[0058] User plane configurations, such as RLC polling parameters, RLC status reporting periodicity, and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) parameters like the reordering timer, are configured based on the initial HARQ configuration. For instance, if HARQ is deactivated during the initial data radio bearer (DRB) setup, the polling parameters are adjusted to trigger STATUS PDUs more frequently, enhancing ARQ performance in the absence of HARQ. Conversely, if HARQ is activated during the initial DRB configuration, the polling parameters are configured differently to align with HARQ operations.
[0059] In conventional DRB configurations, it is assumed that the HARQ configuration remains unchanged for the duration of the DRB’s activity. However, if the UE is configured with dynamic HARQ activation or deactivation, the initially configured user plane parameters (RLC / PDCP) may no longer be sufficient to support such changes.
[0060] As outlined above, dynamically (de) activating HARQ retransmissions based on radio conditions can effectively reduce resource and processing overhead at the UE. The network may determine and signal to the UE whether HARQ retransmissions should be (de) activated, relying on measurements reported by the UE, such as channel state information (CSI) , reference signal received power (RSRP) , or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) . However, this approach has notable drawbacks. The round-trip delay involved in the UE sending measurements, the network making a decision, signaling the UE, and the UE applying the new configuration can result in significant latency. This delay may cause the configuration to become misaligned with the actual dynamic radio conditions at the air interface by the time it is applied. Additionally, frequent execution of this procedure to keep pace with changing radio conditions can lead to excessive signaling overhead. As a result, this approach is not optimal for adapting to highly dynamic radio environments.
[0061] The core concept in the disclosure involves configuring the UE via RRC (re) configuration with at least two sets of layer 2 parameters: one set of layer 2 parameters to be applied when HARQ is activated, and another set to be applied when HARQ is deactivated. Upon dynamic HARQ activation or deactivation, the UE may seamlessly switch to the corresponding pre-configured set of layer 2 parameters without requiring an additional RRC reconfiguration. This approach optimizes ARQ performance in both HARQ-enabled and HARQ-disabled scenarios while avoiding the overhead associated with RRC signaling (i.e., RRC reconfiguration) , in which the following actions are to be performed at the UE upon dynamic HARQ activation or deactivation. The layer 2 parameters may comprise at least RLC / PDCP configuration parameters. In the present disclosure, the layer 2 parameters in the embodiments will be described with RLC / PDCP parameters as example, however, other parameters, e.g., MAC parameters for instance for HARQ and UL grant related configuration may also be pre-configured.
[0062] RLC Configuration: The UE may use the appropriate RLC poll parameters, reassembly timer (t-Reassembly) , and related configurations based on the pre-configured set of user plane parameters received from the gNB. For example, when HARQ is disabled, the poll parameters may trigger the STATUS PDU more frequently to improve ARQ performance.
[0063] PDCP Configuration: The UE may apply the relevant t-Reordering timer value based on the pre-configured set of user plane parameters received from the gNB. For instance, the t-Reordering timer may be set to a shorter value when HARQ is disabled and a longer value when HARQ is enabled.
[0064] This configuration is required only for UEs that support dynamic HARQ activation and deactivation, as determined by their capabilities.
[0065] As an example, the PDCP-Config information element (IE) specified in RRC protocol may be used to configuring PDCP parameters. Among these, the t-Reordering parameter may be specified as at least two distinct sets of values, comprising one applicable for HARQ-enabled scenarios and one for HARQ-disabled scenarios. The RLC-Config IE may be used to define the RLC configuration. Parameters such as RLC poll parameters including pollPDU, pollByte, t-PollRetransmit, t-Reassembly, and t-StatusProhibit timers may be configured as at least two distinct sets of values, comprising one for HARQ-enabled scenarios and one for HARQ-disabled scenarios. Other IE may be used with the development of the standards.
[0066] After receiving the configuration parameters from the gNB as part of the RRC (re) configuration message, the UE may dynamically switch to the appropriate set of RLC and PDCP parameters based on the activation or deactivation of the HARQ procedure.
[0067] FIG. 3 illustrates an example signaling flow in accordance with some embodiments in the disclosure. The UE 110 may be the terminal device 110 in FIG. 1 and the gNB 120 may be the network device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0068] The gNB 120 configures, via RRC (re) configuration, the DRB of the UE 110 with at least two sets of parameters at 301, comprising one for HARQ-enabled and one for HARQ-disabled states. The first set of RLC and PDCP parameters may be applied when HARQ is enabled, while the second set may be applied when HARQ is disabled.
[0069] The first set of RLC / PDCP parameters may be applied initially at 302, as HARQ is enabled. Data transfer between the UE 110 and the gNB 120 may proceed with HARQ enabled at 303, which ensures reliable communication through retransmissions.
[0070] At 304, HARQ may be dynamically disabled at the UE 110 based on specific conditions that reflect the current network state, radio environment, or application requirements. For instance, such conditions may include: i) poor or excellent channel conditions, ii) channel quality indicator (CQI) measurements with consistent high or extreme low value, iii) block error rate (BLER) consistently below a defined threshold, iv) HARQ Feedback for DL not suitable due to latency or network constraints, v) the UE determining that retransmissions are unlikely to improve performance or are resource-intensive, vi) channel feedback (e.g., CSI feedback, RSRP, SINR, etc. ) or other UE assistant information indicating HARQ retransmissions are not necessary or inefficient, vii) mobility conditions indicating a rapid fluctuating radio environment, etc. The UE 110 may then indicate the HARQ disabled state to the gNB 120 at 305, e.g., via a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) , the structure of the MAC CE will be described later with reference to FIG. 7. The second set of RLC / PDCP parameters may then be applied at 306 by the UE 110, and at 307 by the gNB 120, ensuring the system adapts to the new state.
[0071] The network may configure the UE 110 with a set of conditions or thresholds that allow the UE 110 to dynamically activate or deactivate HARQ locally, without waiting for explicit instructions from the network. This approach offers several advantages: the UE 110, being directly aware of the radio conditions through its measurements, may respond immediately without delay. This ensures actions are more closely aligned with the dynamic nature of radio conditions, resulting in a more efficient solution compared to the network-based approach discussed in the above.
[0072] As aforementioned, disabling the HARQ process may result in significant power savings for the HARQ module, which is particularly beneficial for UEs operating in power-sensitive environments. The activation or deactivation of HARQ may be dynamically managed based on one or more of the following parameters:
[0073] Channel conditions: the UE 110 may monitor the quality of the communication channel, including metrics such as fading levels and interference. When channel conditions degrade significantly, HARQ may be activated to ensure reliability, or deactivated to conserve power when the channel is stable, and error rates are low.
[0074] CQI measurements: the UE 110 may determine CQI values reflecting the quality of the downlink channel. Based on thresholds configured by the network, HARQ may be deactivated when CQI values indicate consistently good channel quality, reducing the need for retransmissions.
[0075] BLER: if the BLER exceeds a predefined threshold, HARQ may be activated to ensure data integrity. Conversely, if the BLER remains below a certain level, HARQ may be disabled to save power.
[0076] HARQ feedback (for DL) / UL new or retransmission grant: for DL transmissions, the network may consider HARQ feedback, such as ACK / NACK rates, to determine whether to continue using HARQ. For UL transmissions, the frequency and success of UL grants for new or retransmitted packets may guide HARQ activation or deactivation decisions.
[0077] Channel feedback (e.g., CSI, RSRP, SINR) and other UE assistance information: the UE 110 may determine HARQ needs based on detailed channel feedback, such as CSI, RSRP, and SINR. Additionally, other UE assistance information, such as power-saving modes or device-specific constraints, may also be used.
[0078] Mobility conditions: when the UE 110 is in a highly mobile state, frequent handovers and varying channel conditions may necessitate HARQ activation to maintain data reliability. In contrast, for UEs in stationary or low-mobility scenarios, HARQ may be disabled to conserve power.
[0079] In the UL, both HARQ and ARQ mechanisms may initially be enabled to ensure reliable data transmission. In the current 5G standard, there is no explicit HARQ feedback, such as ACK or NACK, provided to the UE for UL transmissions. Instead, the UE may interpret feedback based on the type of grant received from the gNB. If the gNB issues a retransmission grant, the UE interprets this as a HARQ NACK, indicating that the previous UL transmission was not successfully received. Conversely, if the gNB issues a new transmission grant, the UE interprets this as a HARQ ACK, signifying that the previous transmission was successful.
[0080] When the UE 110 is in good radio conditions, in which the reception of contiguous new transmission grants (without any retransmission grants) and RSRP values above a specified threshold configured by the network, HARQ retransmissions may no longer be necessary. Other measurements, such as SINR or CQI, together with corresponding thresholds may also be considered to identify favorable radio conditions. Under these circumstances, the UE 110 may deactivate HARQ retransmissions in the UL to optimize resource usage and reduce processing overhead. Additionally, the UE may communicate this decision to the gNB 120 through MAC CE or UL control information (UCI) to ensures align with the gNB 120.
[0081] On the other hand, in poor radio conditions, the UE 110 may frequently receive bursts of retransmission grants, and its RSRP values may fall below a predefined threshold. Other indicators, such as increased BLER or low SINR, may further confirm the degradation in radio quality. In such scenarios, the UE 110 may reactivate HARQ retransmissions in the UL to improve transmission reliability. As in the case of deactivation, the UE may inform the gNB of this activation via MAC CE or UCI, ensuring both sides are synchronized.
[0082] If the UE 110 decides to activate or deactivate HARQ retransmissions, it must also apply the relevant RLC and PDCP configurations as stated out in the above. These configurations are based on pre-configured values provided by the gNB 120 to facilitate seamless transitions between different operational modes. Proper synchronization of these configurations ensures that the system operates efficiently and consistently.
[0083] In cases where channel conditions are unstable over a specified duration, as determined by L1 measurements such as RSRP, SINR, or BLER, the UE 110 may adopt a more robust approach to maintain data reliability. It may enable both ARQ and HARQ retransmissions simultaneously, following the legacy approach, to maximize the chances of successful data delivery. Alternatively, the UE 110 may rely only on ARQ retransmissions based on the HARQ ACK or NACK, which it derives from the type of UL grant received from the gNB (new or retransmission) . For ARQ retransmissions, the UE 110 can operate in one of two modes.
[0084] First, the UE 110 may perform RLC-level retransmissions based on the initial HARQ NACK. This means that when the first HARQ NACK is received for an RLC PDU or the MAC transport block containing the PDU, the RLC triggers a retransmission. Second, the UE 110 may perform RLC-level retransmissions based on the residual HARQ NACK. In this case, if a HARQ NACK is received after the final HARQ retransmission for an RLC PDU or MAC transport block, the RLC retransmits the PDU to ensure reliable delivery.
[0085] This approach provides a comprehensive solution for dynamically managing HARQ and ARQ retransmissions in the UL, ensuring a balance between power efficiency and communication reliability in response to varying radio conditions. By leveraging both real-time measurements at the UE and pre-configured thresholds from the gNB 120, this mechanism ensures optimal performance under diverse network scenarios.
[0086] In the downlink DL, HARQ and ARQ mechanisms may initially be enabled to ensure reliable communication. For DL transmissions, HARQ feedback is provided by the UE 110 on the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , where the UE sends either an ACK or NACK to indicate the success or failure of the received transmission.
[0087] In scenarios where the radio conditions are favorable, the gNB 120 may observe a pattern of consecutive HARQ ACKs from the UE, indicating successful packet reception. These favorable conditions may also be reflected in the UE’s feedback, where RSRP values are above a predefined threshold. Additional indicators, such as SINR or BLER, may further confirm the good radio conditions. When such conditions are identified, the gNB 120 may choose to deactivate HARQ retransmissions in the DL, as the high reliability of the channel makes retransmissions unnecessary. This decision is communicated to the UE through MAC CE or downlink control information (DCI) .
[0088] Conversely, under poor radio conditions, the gNB 120 may receive consecutive HARQ NACKs from the UE, signaling that transmitted packets are not being successfully received. Poor conditions may also be evident in the CSI feedback provided by the UE 110, where RSRP values fall below a defined threshold. Other metrics, such as low SINR or high BLER, may also indicate degraded channel quality. In such cases, the gNB 120 may activate HARQ retransmissions in the DL to enhance transmission reliability. This activation is also communicated to the UE 110 using MAC CE or DCI to ensure alignment between the transmitter and receiver.
[0089] When the gNB 120 decides to activate or deactivate HARQ retransmissions, it applies the corresponding RLC and PDCP configurations. These configurations are based on pre-configured values to ensure seamless transitions and synchronization between the gNB 120 and the UE 110.
[0090] If the channel conditions are unstable over a specified duration, the gNB 120 may adopt one of two approaches to manage retransmissions effectively. It may enable both ARQ and HARQ retransmissions simultaneously, following the legacy method, to maximize the reliability of data delivery. Alternatively, the gNB 120 may choose to rely solely on ARQ retransmissions, guided by the HARQ feedback record. In this approach, retransmissions are triggered at the RLC level based on the type of HARQ NACK received.
[0091] For RLC-level retransmissions, two scenarios may arise. The first involves retransmission based on the initial HARQ NACK. In this case, when the first HARQ NACK is received for an RLC PDU or the MAC transport block containing the PDU, the RLC immediately initiates a retransmission. The second scenario involves retransmission based on a residual HARQ NACK, which occurs when a HARQ NACK is received after the final HARQ retransmission for an RLC PDU or MAC transport block. In this situation, the RLC performs a retransmission to ensure reliable delivery of the data.
[0092] This approach provides a comprehensive solution for managing DL retransmissions dynamically, adapting to varying radio conditions while optimizing resource utilization and maintaining communication reliability. By leveraging the gNB’s real-time assessment of radio conditions and pre-configured thresholds, this mechanism ensures efficient DL performance in diverse scenarios.
[0093] FIGs. 4A-4B illustrate flow diagrams of example HARQ (de) activation process in accordance with some embodiments in the disclosure, in which FIG. 4A is the flow diagram of an example HARQ deactivation process 400A and FIG. 4B is the flow diagram of an example HARQ activation process 400B. The example (de) activation processes 400A, 400B may be implemented at the terminal device 110 and / or the network device 120 in FIG. 1, or the UE 110 and / or the gNB 120 in FIG. 2.
[0094] In FIG. 4A, the HARQ deactivation process 400 begins at step 401. The process starts by evaluating at step 502 whether at least one of the criteria for HARQ deactivation is met. These criteria include radio conditions represented by parameters such as channel conditions, CQI measurements, BLER, HARQ feedback (for DL transmissions) , UL grants (either new or retransmission grants) , channel feedback (e.g., CSI, RSRP, SINR) , mobility conditions, and other relevant factors as already discussed in the above. If it is determined that it is not favorable for HARQ deactivation, the process moves to step 403, where it waits for the next evaluation cycle to reassess whether at least one of the criteria is met.
[0095] If it is determined that at least one of the criteria for HARQ deactivation is met, which means it is favorable for HARQ deactivation, the process advances to step 404, where it is determined whether HARQ retransmissions should be deactivated. If it is determined that HARQ retransmissions should not be deactivated, the process transitions to step 405, where HARQ retransmissions continue If the decision is made to deactivate HARQ, this state change may be communicated to the peer entity-either the gNB 120 or the UE 110-at step 406. This communication is performed using a MAC CE to ensure synchronization between both ends of the communication link.
[0096] In FIG. 4B, the HARQ activation process 400B begins at step 411. Similar to the deactivation process, it starts by evaluating at step 412 whether at least one of the criteria for HARQ activation is met. If it is determined that it is not favorable for activating HARQ, the process moves to step 413, where it waits for the next cycle to re-evaluate whether at least one of the criteria is met.
[0097] If it is determined that at least one of the criteria for HARQ activation is met, which means it is favorable for HARQ activation, the process proceeds to step 414, where it determined whether HARQ retransmissions should be enabled. If the decision is made to activate HARQ, this state change is communicated to the peer entity at step 415 using a MAC CE, ensuring alignment between both communication endpoints.
[0098] FIG. 5 illustrates an example signaling process 500 in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure. The signaling process 500 illustrates the disabling / enabling of UL HARQ retransmission by the UE 110.
[0099] The process starts with the UE 110 sending a Capability Message 501 to the gNB 120. This message explicitly informs the gNB 120 that the UE 110 supports the dynamic activation and deactivation of UL HARQ retransmissions. This signaling step is to ensure that both the UE 110 and the network are aligned on the availability and support for this feature.
[0100] After receiving the capability message, the gNB 120 may begin configuring 502 the UE 110 with the necessary thresholds for HARQ retransmission. These thresholds act as boundary conditions for determining whether HARQ retransmission should be activated or deactivated. The thresholds may include a combination of factors such as CSI feedback, RSRP, and other metrics indicative of radio link quality. Alongside these thresholds, the gNB 120 may also provide the UE 110 with at least two sets of pre-configured RLC and PDCP parameters (as discussed in the above) . Each parameter set corresponds to a specific HARQ retransmission state-for example, activated or deactivated. These configurations are transmitted to the UE 110 so that it can seamlessly transition between states as radio conditions change without requiring further network signaling.
[0101] After the configuration is received, the UE 110 may apply 503 the HARQ retransmission thresholds and begin monitoring 504 the relevant parameters from its physical (PHY) layer. The PHY continuously evaluates radio link quality metrics such as signal-to-noise ratio, packet error rate, and other relevant indicators against the provided thresholds.
[0102] When the radio conditions are favorable, meaning that the monitored parameters remain well within the defined thresholds, the PHY layer of the UE 110 may generate an internal notification 505 indicating that the thresholds are not exceeded. This notification is passed to higher layers within the UE’s protocol stack, prompting the UE 110 to decide that HARQ retransmission is no longer required. The UE 110 may then send a notification to the gNB 120, indicating that it has decided to deactivate 506 HARQ retransmission. This notification ensures that the gNB 120 is aware of the UE’s decision and can make corresponding adjustments in its resource scheduling.
[0103] After deciding to deactivate HARQ retransmission, the UE 110 may adjust its internal configurations to optimize operations for this new state. Specifically, it modifies 507 its polling parameters to reflect the pre-configured values received from the gNB 120 during the initial setup. These polling parameters define how frequently the UE 110 may request acknowledgments for transmitted data, with the adjusted values tailored to operate efficiently without HARQ retransmissions. Additionally, the UE 110 may update 508 the t-Reassembly timer value in its RLC layer, ensuring that sit aligns with the expected timing behavior for the deactivated state. These adjustments are performed locally within the UE 110 without requiring additional signaling exchanges with the network, leading to significant savings in air-interface signaling overhead.
[0104] With HARQ retransmission deactivated, the gNB 120 may optimize 510 its UL grant scheduling for the UE 110.
[0105] As the UE 110 may continue to monitor 511 the threshold parameters from its PHY layer, it remains vigilant for changes in radio conditions. If the radio link quality deteriorates and the monitored parameters exceed the predefined thresholds, the PHY layer of the UE 110 may generate an internal notification 512 of the threshold breach. This notification triggers an immediate response from the UE 110 to re-enable HARQ retransmission 513. The UE 110 may communicate this decision to the gNB 120, ensuring the network is updated about the change in HARQ state.
[0106] After reactivating HARQ retransmission, the UE 110 may reset 514 its polling parameters to their original values configured for retransmission-enabled operation. Similarly, the t-reassembly timer value in the RLC layer is restored 515 to its initial setting, ensuring proper synchronization with the retransmission mechanisms.
[0107] The UE 110 may then notify 516 the gNB 120 about the reactivation of HARQ retransmission. In response, the gNB 120 adapts its UL grant scheduling 517 to accommodate the retransmission requirements of the UE 110.
[0108] Referring now to FIG. 6, which illustrates another example signaling process 600 in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure. The signaling process 600 illustrates an AI / ML based disabling / enabling of UL HARQ retransmission by the UE 110.
[0109] The process begins with the UE 110 sending a Capability Message 601 to the gNB 120. This message specifies that the UE 110 supports dynamic activation and deactivation of UL HARQ retransmissions, enabling flexible and adaptive retransmission management. In addition, the Capability Message also indicate that the UE 110 is equipped with AI / ML capabilities, allowing it to perform AI / ML-enabled dynamic activation and deactivation of HARQ retransmissions.
[0110] After receiving the Capability Message, the gNB 120 may respond by configuring 602 the HARQ retransmission procedure for the UE 110. However, instead of specifying strict or predefined parameter values, the gNB 120 provides a general configuration without specific parameters. This approach allows the UE 110 to autonomously determine and utilize parameters that best suit its operational conditions and requirements with its AI / ML capabilities.
[0111] The UE 110, leveraging its built-in AI / ML capabilities, activates an AI / ML-based model 603 specifically designed for threshold monitoring in the HARQ retransmission procedure. This model employs reinforcement learning techniques, where it is trained to analyze multiple input variables, including channel conditions, SNRs, and other relevant network or physical layer parameters. By processing these inputs, the AI / ML model may predict optimal thresholds for the activation or deactivation of HARQ retransmissions. These thresholds may dictate the conditions under which retransmissions should cease or resume, enabling efficient resource utilization and improved throughput.
[0112] The AI / ML model may also incorporate the ARQ retransmissions into its reward / penalty mechanism. This integration allows the model to evaluate the success or failure of retransmission attempts, adjusting its inferred thresholds accordingly. For instance, successful ARQ retransmissions may lead to positive reinforcement, encouraging the deactivation of HARQ retransmissions under favorable conditions. Conversely, failed retransmissions may result in penalties, prompting the model to favor the continuation of HARQ retransmissions to maintain reliability.
[0113] The UE’s PHY layer may operate in conjunction with the AI / ML model, continuously monitoring 604 the thresholds determined by the model. This monitoring involves real-time observation of the parameters that influence retransmission decisions, such as radio link quality and network congestion levels. The PHY layer may detect deviations from the inferred thresholds, allowing the UE 110 to dynamically adjust its retransmission strategy.
[0114] Similarly, when radio conditions are favorable, meaning the monitored parameters remain well within the defined thresholds, the PHY layer of the UE 110 may generate an internal notification 605 indicating that the thresholds are not exceeded. This notification is passed to higher layers within the UE’s protocol stack, prompting the UE 110 to decide that HARQ retransmission is no longer required. The UE 110 may then send a notification to the gNB 120, indicating that it has decided to deactivate 606 HARQ retransmission. This notification ensures that the gNB 120 is aware of the UE’s decision and can make corresponding adjustments in its resource scheduling.
[0115] Parallel to the notification to the gNB 120 about the deactivation of HARQ retransmission, the UE 110 may adjust its internal configurations to optimize operations for this new state. Specifically, it modifies 607 its polling parameters to reflect the pre-configured values received from the gNB 120 during the initial setup. These polling parameters define how frequently the UE 110 may request acknowledgments for transmitted data, with the adjusted values tailored to operate efficiently without HARQ retransmissions. Additionally, the UE 110 may update 608 the t-reassembly timer value in its RLC layer, ensuring that sit aligns with the expected timing behavior for the deactivated state. These adjustments are performed locally within the UE 110 without requiring additional signaling exchanges with the network, leading to significant savings in air-interface signaling overhead.
[0116] With HARQ retransmission deactivated, the gNB 120 may optimize 610 its UL grant scheduling for the UE 110.
[0117] As the UE 110 may continue to monitor 611 the threshold parameters from its PHY layer, it remains vigilant for changes in radio conditions. If the radio link quality deteriorates and the monitored parameters exceed the predefined thresholds, the PHY layer of the UE 110 may generate an internal notification 612 of the threshold breach. This notification triggers an immediate response from the UE 110 to re-enable HARQ retransmission 613. The UE 110 may communicate this decision to the gNB 120, ensuring the network is updated about the change in HARQ state.
[0118] After reactivating HARQ retransmission, the UE 110 may reset 614 its polling parameters to their original values configured for retransmission-enabled operation. Similarly, the t-reassembly timer value in the RLC layer is restored 615 to its initial setting, ensuring proper synchronization with the retransmission mechanisms.
[0119] The UE 110 may then notify 616 the gNB 120 about the reactivation of HARQ retransmission. In response, the gNB 120 adapts its UL grant scheduling 617 to accommodate the retransmission requirements of the UE 110.
[0120] The HARQ retransmission activation / deactivation reporting mechanisms may include a MAC Control Element (MAC CE) format designed to facilitate the signaling of HARQ retransmission status changes. The proposed MAC CE format for HARQ retransmission activation and deactivation is an example and could be defined in various ways depending on system requirements. The purpose of this MAC CE is to provide a compact and efficient way for signaling whether HARQ retransmissions for specific data radio bearers (DRBs) are to be activated or deactivated.
[0121] The MAC CE for HARQ retransmission activation and deactivation is identified by a MAC sub-header that utilizes a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) . This LCID must be newly defined for both downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) and uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) in the relevant specifications. The MAC CE may consist of one or more octets, depending on the number of DRBs requiring HARQ retransmission support and the overall design considerations.
[0122] Referring to FIG. 7, which illustrates an example representation of (de) activation status of HARQ retransmission in accordance with some embodiments in the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7, Each octet of the MAC CE may be composed of one or more Di fields, where each Di represents the activation or deactivation status of HARQ retransmissions for a specific DRB. The Di field may correspond to the DRB ID of the associated DRB in ascending order, among the DRBs supporting the HARQ procedure and linked to the same MAC entity. The Di field may have two possible values to represent the HARQ retransmission status for the corresponding DRB. When the Di field is set to 1, it indicates that HARQ retransmissions for the DRB identified by the associated DRB ID are to be activated. This instructs the system to enable HARQ retransmissions. Conversely, when the Di field is set to 0, it indicates that HARQ retransmissions for the corresponding DRB should be deactivated, signaling that the retransmission process is no longer required for that specific DRB. The activation or deactivation of all or part of the DRBs may be supported using the MAC CE.
[0123] The UL HARQ retransmission activation and deactivation status may also be communicated from the UE 110 to the gNB 120 through Uplink Control Information (UCI) transmitted over the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) , which provides a direct and efficient signaling mechanism for the UE 110 to inform the gNB 120 about changes in its HARQ retransmission state.
[0124] To implement this mechanism, a single-bit indicator may be added as part of the UCI. This single bit may serve as a straightforward signal to convey the overall HARQ retransmission status in the UL. Specifically, if the bit is set to 0, it indicates that HARQ retransmissions for the UL have been deactivated. Conversely, if the bit is set to 1, it indicates that HARQ retransmissions for the UL are activated.
[0125] Alternatively, the UCI may be expanded to include multiple bits, enabling a more granular representation of the HARQ retransmission status. In this case, each bit corresponds to the HARQ retransmission state of a specific DRB configured for the UE 110. For example, if the UE 110 is configured with multiple DRBs, the status of HARQ retransmissions for each DRB can be independently indicated using a dedicated bit.
[0126] The DL HARQ retransmission activation and deactivation process via Downlink Control Information (DCI) follows a similar approach to the UL HARQ retransmission activation and deactivation process conveyed through UCI. As the mechanisms are analogous, further details are not described here.
[0127] It should be pointed out that the formats for MAC CE, DCI, and UCI described above are provided as examples. However, the names and structures of these parameters are subject to modification and may evolve with ongoing discussions and decisions.
[0128] The proposed approach may enhance the efficiency of the RLC ARQ procedure in scenarios where HARQ is either enabled or disabled, and also reduce packet loss and minimize the need for RLC retransmissions, improving overall network performance.
[0129] In addition, the processing and memory overhead associated with the simultaneous activation of both HARQ and ARQ retransmissions is eliminated, leading to significant power savings, particularly at the UE, as it no longer needs to handle the complexities and resource demands of both retransmission protocols. Also, by allowing for the dynamic activation and deactivation of HARQ retransmissions, radio resources are utilized more efficiently, adapting to changing network conditions and optimizing the use of available bandwidth. FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of an example method 800 implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 800 will be described from the perspective of the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.
[0130] At block 810, receiving, from a second apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process.
[0131] At block 820, in response to at least one criterion is met, switching the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process from one specific state to another specific state.
[0132] At block 830, applying the set of parameters corresponding to the state to which the first apparatus switched to.
[0133] In some example embodiments, the method 800 further comprises: transmitting, to the second apparatus, an indication indicating the state to which the first apparatus switched to.
[0134] In some example embodiments, each of the at least two sets of parameters comprises layer 2 parameters corresponding to the specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process, the layer 2 parameters comprising at least Radio Link Control (RLC) parameters and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) parameters.
[0135] In some example embodiments, the RLC parameters comprise at least one of the following parameter: t-PollRetransmit, pollPDU, pollByte, t_Reassembly, or t-StatusProhibit.
[0136] In some example embodiments, the PDCP parameters comprise at least t-Re-ordering parameter.
[0137] In some example embodiments, the indication indicating the state to which the first apparatus switched to is transmitted via a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) .
[0138] In some example embodiments, the indication indicating the state to which the first apparatus switched to is transmitted via Uplink Control Information (UCI) .
[0139] In some example embodiments, the method 800 further comprises: transmitting, to the second apparatus, an indication indicating its capability for the switch from one specific state to another specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process.
[0140] In some example embodiments, the method 800 further comprises: transmitting, to the second apparatus, an indication indicating its capability for the switch from one specific state to another specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process based on Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) .
[0141] In some example embodiments, the at least one criterion is configured by the second apparatus.
[0142] In some example embodiments, the method 800 further comprises: determining the at least one criterion using the AI / ML capability of the first apparatus.
[0143] In some example embodiments, the at least one criterion is based on channel condition information obtained during Channel State Information (CSI) measurement, wherein the channel condition information indicates at least one of: Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) ; Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) ; or Block Error Rate (BLER) .
[0144] In some example embodiments, the at least two sets of parameters are configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
[0145] In some example embodiments, the switch from one specific state to another specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is without the involvement of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
[0146] In some example embodiments, the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) process.
[0147] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus is or is comprised in a terminal device, and wherein the second apparatus is or is comprised in a network device.
[0148] FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of an example method 900 implemented at a second apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 900 will be described from the perspective of the second apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.
[0149] At block 910, transmitting, to a first apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process and information for at least one criterion used by the first apparatus in determining whether to switch the hybrid error correction and transmission process from one specific state to another specific state.
[0150] At block 920, receiving, from the first apparatus, an indication indicating the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is switched from one specific state to another specific state by the first apparatus.
[0151] In some example embodiments, each of the at least two sets of parameters comprises layer 2 parameters corresponding to the specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process, the layer 2 parameters comprising at least Radio Link Control (RLC) parameters and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) parameters.
[0152] In some example embodiments, the RLC parameters comprise at least one of the following parameter: t-PollRetransmit, pollPDU, pollByte, t_Reassembly, or t-StatusProhibit.
[0153] In some example embodiments, the PDCP parameters comprise at least t-Re-ordering parameter.
[0154] In some example embodiments, the indication indicating the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is switched from one specific state to another specific state by the first apparatus is transmitted via a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) .
[0155] In some example embodiments, the indication indicating the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is switched from one specific state to another specific state by the first apparatus is transmitted via Uplink Control Information (UCI) .
[0156] In some example embodiments, the method 900 further comprises: receiving, from the first apparatus, an indication indicating its capability for the switch from one specific state to another specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process.
[0157] In some example embodiments, the method 900 further comprises: receiving from the first apparatus, an indication indicating its capability for the switch from one specific state to another specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process based on Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) .
[0158] In some example embodiments, the information for at least one criterion used by the first apparatus in determining whether to switch the hybrid error correction and transmission process from one specific state to another specific state comprises the at least one criterion.
[0159] In some example embodiments, the at least one criterion is based on channel condition information obtained during Channel State Information (CSI) measurement, wherein the channel condition information indicates at least one of: Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) ; Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) ; or Block Error Rate (BLER) .
[0160] In some example embodiments, the at least two sets of parameters are configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
[0161] In some example embodiments, the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) process.
[0162] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus is or is comprised in a terminal device, and wherein the second apparatus is or is comprised in a network device.
[0163] In some example embodiments, a first apparatus capable of performing any of the method 800 (for example, the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 800. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The first apparatus may be implemented as or included in the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.
[0164] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process; means for in response to at least one criterion is met, switching the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process from one specific state to another specific state; and means for applying the set of parameters corresponding to the state to which the first apparatus switched to.
[0165] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the second apparatus, an indication indicating the state to which the first apparatus switched to.
[0166] In some example embodiments, each of the at least two sets of parameters comprises layer 2 parameters corresponding to the specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process, the layer 2 parameters comprising at least Radio Link Control (RLC) parameters and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) parameters.
[0167] In some example embodiments, the RLC parameters comprise at least one of the following parameter: t-PollRetransmit, pollPDU, pollByte, t_Reassembly, or t-StatusProhibit.
[0168] In some example embodiments, the PDCP parameters comprise at least t-Re-ordering parameter.
[0169] In some example embodiments, the indication indicating the state to which the first apparatus switched to is transmitted via a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) .
[0170] In some example embodiments, the indication indicating the state to which the first apparatus switched to is transmitted via Uplink Control Information (UCI) .
[0171] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the second apparatus, an indication indicating its capability for the switch from one specific state to another specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process.
[0172] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the second apparatus, an indication indicating its capability for the switch from one specific state to another specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process based on Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) .
[0173] In some example embodiments, the at least one criterion is configured by the second apparatus.
[0174] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for determining the at least one criterion using the AI / ML capability of the first apparatus.
[0175] In some example embodiments, the at least one criterion is based on channel condition information obtained during Channel State Information (CSI) measurement, wherein the channel condition information indicates at least one of: Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) ; Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) ; or Block Error Rate (BLER) .
[0176] In some example embodiments, the at least two sets of parameters are configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
[0177] In some example embodiments, the switch from one specific state to another specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is without the involvement of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
[0178] In some example embodiments, the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) process.
[0179] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus is or is comprised in a terminal device, and wherein the second apparatus is or is comprised in a network device.
[0180] In some example embodiments, a second apparatus capable of performing any of the method 900 (for example, the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 900. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The second apparatus may be implemented as or included in the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1.
[0181] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a first apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process and information for at least one criterion used by the first apparatus in determining whether to switch the hybrid error correction and transmission process from one specific state to another specific state; and means for receiving, from the first apparatus, an indication indicating the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is switched from one specific state to another specific state by the first apparatus.
[0182] In some example embodiments, each of the at least two sets of parameters comprises layer 2 parameters corresponding to the specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process, the layer 2 parameters comprising at least Radio Link Control (RLC) parameters and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) parameters.
[0183] In some example embodiments, the RLC parameters comprise at least one of the following parameter: t-PollRetransmit, pollPDU, pollByte, t_Reassembly, or t-StatusProhibit.
[0184] In some example embodiments, the PDCP parameters comprise at least t-Re-ordering parameter.
[0185] In some example embodiments, the indication indicating the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is switched from one specific state to another specific state by the first apparatus is transmitted via a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) .
[0186] In some example embodiments, the indication indicating the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is switched from one specific state to another specific state by the first apparatus is transmitted via Uplink Control Information (UCI) .
[0187] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the first apparatus, an indication indicating its capability for the switch from one specific state to another specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process.
[0188] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the first apparatus, an indication indicating its capability for the switch from one specific state to another specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process based on Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) .
[0189] In some example embodiments, the information for at least one criterion used by the first apparatus in determining whether to switch the hybrid error correction and transmission process from one specific state to another specific state comprises the at least one criterion.
[0190] In some example embodiments, the at least one criterion is based on channel condition information obtained during Channel State Information (CSI) measurement, wherein the channel condition information indicates at least one of: Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) ; Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) ; or Block Error Rate (BLER) .
[0191] In some example embodiments, the at least two sets of parameters are configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
[0192] In some example embodiments, the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) process.
[0193] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus is or is comprised in a terminal device, and wherein the second apparatus is or is comprised in a network device.
[0194] FIG. 10 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1000 that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1000 may be provided to implement a communication device, for example, the terminal device 110 or the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1, or the UE 110 or the gNB 120 in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. As shown, the device 1000 includes one or more processors 1010, one or more memories 1020 coupled to the processor 1010, and one or more communication modules 1040 coupled to the processor 1010.
[0195] The communication module 1040 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 1040 has one or more communication interfaces to facilitate communication with one or more other modules or devices. The communication interfaces may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements. In some example embodiments, the communication module 1040 may include at least one antenna.
[0196] The processor 1010 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1000 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0197] The memory 1020 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 1024, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , an optical disk, a laser disk, and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random-access memory (RAM) 1022 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0198] A computer program 1030 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 1010. The instructions of the program 1030 may include instructions for performing operations / acts of some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The program 1030 may be stored in the memory, e.g., the ROM 1024. The processor 1010 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 1030 into the RAM 1022.
[0199] The example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 1030 so that the device 1000 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 9. The example embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0200] In some example embodiments, the program 1030 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 1000 (such as in the memory 1020) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 1000. The device 1000 may load the program 1030 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 1022 for execution. In some example embodiments, the computer readable medium may include any types of non-transitory storage medium, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0201] FIG. 11 shows an example of the computer readable medium 1100 which may be in form of CD, DVD or other optical storage disk. The computer readable medium 1100 has the program 1030 stored thereon.
[0202] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, and other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. Although various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0203] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure also provide at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a computer readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer readable medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target physical or virtual processor, to carry out any of the methods as described above. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0204] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. The program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0205] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0206] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0207] Further, although operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, although several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Unless explicitly stated, certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, unless explicitly stated, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in a plurality of embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0208] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to:receive, from a second apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process;in response to at least one criterion is met, switch the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process from one specific state to another specific state; andapply the set of parameters corresponding to the state to which the first apparatus switched to.2.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:transmit, to the second apparatus, an indication indicating the state to which the first apparatus switched to.3.The first apparatus of any claims 1 to 2, wherein each of the at least two sets of parameters comprises layer 2 parameters corresponding to the specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process, the layer 2 parameters comprising at least Radio Link Control (RLC) parameters and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) parameters.4.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the RLC parameters comprise at least one of the following parameter:t-PollRetransmit,pollPDU,pollByte,t_Reassembly, ort-StatusProhibit.5.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the PDCP parameters comprise at least t-Re-ordering parameter.6.The first apparatus of any of claims 2 to 5, wherein the indication indicating the state to which the first apparatus switched to is transmitted via a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) .7.The first apparatus of any of claims 2 to 5, wherein the indication indicating the state to which the first apparatus switched to is transmitted via Uplink Control Information (UCI) .8.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first apparatus is cause to:transmit, to the second apparatus, an indication indicating its capability for the switch from one specific state to another specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process.9.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:transmit, to the second apparatus, an indication indicating its capability for the switch from one specific state to another specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process based on Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) .10.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the at least one criterion is configured by the second apparatus.11.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first apparatus is caused todetermine the at least one criterion using the AI / ML capability of the first apparatus.12.The first apparatus of any of claims 10 to 11, wherein the at least one criterion is based on channel condition information obtained during Channel State Information (CSI) measurement, where in the channel condition information indicates at least one of:Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) ;Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) ; orBlock Error Rate (BLER) .13.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the at least two sets of parameters are configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.14.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the switch from one specific state to another specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is without the involvement of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.15.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) process.16.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 15, wherein the first apparatus is or is comprised in a terminal device, and wherein the second apparatus is or is comprised in a network device.17.A second apparatus, comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus at least to:transmit, to a first apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process and information for at least one criterion used by the first apparatus in determining whether to switch the hybrid error correction and transmission process from one specific state to another specific state; andreceive, from the first apparatus, an indication indicating the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is switched from one specific state to another specific state by the first apparatus.18.The second apparatus of claim 17, wherein each of the at least two sets of parameters comprises layer 2 parameters corresponding to the specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process, the layer 2 parameters comprising at least Radio Link Control (RLC) parameters and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) parameters.19.The second apparatus of any of claims 17 to 18, wherein the RLC parameters comprise at least one of the following parameter:t-PollRetransmit,pollPDU,pollByte,t_Reassembly, ort-StatusProhibit.20.The second apparatus of any of claims 17 to 19, wherein the PDCP parameters comprise at least t-Re-ordering parameter.21.The second apparatus of any of claims 17 to 20, wherein the indication indicating the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is switched from one specific state to another specific state by the first apparatus is transmitted via a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) .22.The second apparatus of any of claims 17 to 20, wherein the indication indicating the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is switched from one specific state to another specific state by the first apparatus is transmitted via Uplink Control Information (UCI) .23.The second apparatus of any of claims 17 to 22, wherein the second apparatus is cause to:receive, from the first apparatus, an indication indicating its capability for the switch from one specific state to another specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process.24.The second apparatus of any of claims 17 to 22, wherein the second apparatus is cause to:receive, from the first apparatus, an indication indicating its capability for the switch from one specific state to another specific state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process based on Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) .25.The second apparatus of any of claims 17 to 24, wherein the information for at least one criterion used by the first apparatus in determining whether to switch the hybrid error correction and transmission process from one specific state to another specific state comprises the at least one criterion.26.The second apparatus of claim 25, wherein the at least one criterion is based on channel condition information obtained during Channel State Information (CSI) measurement, where in the channel condition information indicates at least one of:Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) ;Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) ; orBlock Error Rate (BLER) .27.The second apparatus of any of claims 17 to 26, wherein the at least two sets of parameters are configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.28.The second apparatus of any of claims 17 to 27, wherein the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) process.29.The second apparatus of any of claims 17 to 28, wherein the first apparatus is or is comprised in a terminal device, and wherein the second apparatus is or is comprised in a network device.30.A method comprising:receiving, from a second apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process;in response to at least one criterion is met, switching the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process from one specific state to another specific state; andapplying the set of parameters corresponding to the state to which the first apparatus switched to.31.A method comprising:transmitting, to a first apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process and information for at least one criterion used by the first apparatus in determining whether to switch the hybrid error correction and transmission process from one specific state to another specific state; andreceiving, from the first apparatus, an indication indicating the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is switched from one specific state to another specific state by the first apparatus.32.A first apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a second apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process;means for in response to at least one criterion is met, switching the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process from one specific state to another specific state; andmeans for applying the set of parameters corresponding to the state to which the first apparatus switched to.33.A second apparatus comprising:means for transmitting, to a first apparatus, at least two sets of parameters, each set of parameters corresponding to a specific state of a hybrid error correction and retransmission process and information for at least one criterion used by the first apparatus in determining whether to switch the hybrid error correction and transmission process from one specific state to another specific state; andmeans for receiving, from the first apparatus, an indication indicating the state of the hybrid error correction and retransmission process is switched from one specific state to another specific state by the first apparatus.34.A computer readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus at least to perform the method of claim 30 or the method of claim 31.35.A computer program comprising instructions for causing an apparatus at least to perform the method of claim 30 or the method of claim 31.