Wireless communication method and communication device

Abstract

Provided are a wireless communication method and a communication device. The method comprises: a first device sends a first signal to a second device, the first signal corresponding to a plurality of transmission occasions, or a plurality of signal segments of the first signal corresponding to one transmission occasion. The first signal comprises one of the following: a preamble; a transmission preamble; first indication information that indicates the start of transmission; and first information for acquiring clock synchronization. In one aspect, in the embodiments of the present application, a first signal may correspond to a plurality of transmission occasions, and correspondingly, if a second device detects a first signal sent on a certain transmission occasion among the plurality of transmission occasions, same can be understood as the second device detecting the first signal, which helps to improve the probability of the second device detecting the first signal. In another aspect, a plurality of signal segments of the first signal correspond to one transmission occasion, and correspondingly, if the second device detects a certain signal segment among the plurality of signal segments, same can be understood as the second device detecting the first signal, which helps to improve the probability of the second device detecting the first signal.

Description

Wireless communication methods and communication equipment Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a method and device for wireless communication. Background Technology

[0002] In actual communication, the second device (e.g., an ambient power enabled IoT (Ambient IoT, A-IoT) device) often has a large sampling frequency offset (SFO). Currently, in technical discussions, the SFO value of the second device is typically around 10. 4 ~10 5 Approximately per percent (ppm). A large SFO can cause a mismatch in sampling clock frequencies between the first device (transmitter) and the second device (receiver), thus affecting the correct demodulation and reception of the signal and reducing the performance of the communication system. For example, with a communication frequency of 915MHz, 10 4 ~10 5 The sampling deviation corresponding to ppm may be between 9.15MHz and 91.5MHz. For 10 5 For a ppm SFO, the sampling deviation for every 10 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols transmitted by the first device may be around 1 OFDM symbol.

[0003] If the second device samples according to its own clock and receives the first information sent by the first device, the second device will be affected by the SFO and its own oscillator deviation. The second device cannot accurately determine the time domain position of the first signal and may detect it at a time domain position earlier than the actual time of the first signal transmission or at a time domain position later than the actual time of the first signal transmission.

[0004] If the second device performs detection at a time domain position earlier than the actual transmission of the first signal, on the one hand, it may increase the energy consumption required for the second device to detect the first signal, resulting in insufficient energy for communication. On the other hand, the second device may fail to detect the first signal, leading to a missed detection of the first signal. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method and apparatus for wireless communication. The various aspects covered in this application are described below.

[0006] In a first aspect, a wireless communication method is provided, comprising: a first device sending a first signal to a second device, the first signal corresponding to multiple transmission opportunities, or multiple signal segments of the first signal corresponding to one transmission opportunity; wherein the first signal comprises one or more of the following: a preamble; a conventional preamble; first indication information indicating the start of transmission of a second signal; and first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

[0007] In a second aspect, a wireless communication method is provided, comprising: a second device receiving a first signal sent by a first device, the first signal corresponding to multiple transmission opportunities, or multiple signal segments of the first signal corresponding to a single transmission opportunity; wherein the first signal includes one or more of the following: a preamble; a conventional preamble; first indication information indicating the start of transmission of a second signal; and first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

[0008] Thirdly, a communication device is provided, the communication device being a first device, comprising: a transmitting unit for transmitting a first signal to a second device, the first signal corresponding to multiple transmission opportunities, or multiple signal segments of the first signal corresponding to one transmission opportunity; wherein the first signal includes one or more of the following: a preamble; a conventional preamble; first indication information indicating the start of transmission of the second signal; and first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

[0009] Fourthly, a communication device is provided, the communication device being a second device, comprising: a receiving unit for receiving a first signal sent by a first device, the first signal corresponding to multiple transmission opportunities, or multiple signal segments of the first signal corresponding to one transmission opportunity; wherein the first signal includes one or more of the following: a preamble; a conventional preamble; first indication information indicating the start of transmission of a second signal; and first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

[0010] Fifthly, a communication device is provided, which is a first device including a processor, a memory, and a communication interface. The memory is used to store one or more computer programs, and the processor is used to call the computer programs in the memory to cause the terminal device to perform some or all of the steps in the method of the first aspect.

[0011] In a sixth aspect, a communication device is provided, which is a second device, including a processor, a memory, and a transceiver. The memory is used to store one or more computer programs, and the processor is used to invoke the computer programs in the memory to cause the network device to perform some or all of the steps in the method of the second aspect.

[0012] Seventhly, embodiments of this application provide a communication system including the aforementioned communication device. In another possible design, the system may further include other devices that interact with the communication device as provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0013] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that causes a communication device to perform some or all of the steps in the methods described above.

[0014] Ninthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product, wherein the computer program product includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program operable to cause a communication device to perform some or all of the steps of the methods described in the foregoing aspects. In some implementations, the computer program product may be a software installation package.

[0015] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a chip including a memory and a processor, the processor being able to call and run a computer program from the memory to implement some or all of the steps described in the methods of the foregoing aspects.

[0016] On the one hand, in the embodiments of this application, the first signal may correspond to multiple transmission opportunities. Accordingly, if the second device detects the first signal sent at a certain transmission opportunity among the multiple transmission opportunities, it can be understood that the second device has detected the first signal, which helps to increase the probability that the second device has detected the first signal. On the other hand, multiple signal segments of the first signal may correspond to one transmission opportunity. Accordingly, if the second device detects a certain signal segment among the multiple signal segments, it can be understood that the second device has detected the first signal, which helps to increase the probability that the second device has detected the first signal. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 shows the wireless communication system 100 used in an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 2 shows one possible structure of the energy harvesting module.

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the backscatter communication principle according to an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of a terminal based on resistive load modulation technology.

[0021] Figures 5A and 5B are architecture diagrams of low-power Internet of Things based on cellular networks applicable to the embodiments of this application.

[0022] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the reader-to-device (R2D) transmission structure applicable to the embodiments of this application.

[0023] Figures 7A and 7B are schematic diagrams of the frame structure in a WiFi system to which embodiments of this application are applicable.

[0024] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the effect of the preamble introduction SFO on signal reception in an embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the trigger signal transmission scheme applicable to the embodiments of this application.

[0026] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of SFO on signal reception based on the trigger signal in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 11 is a schematic flowchart of a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the R2D transmission structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of SFO on signal reception, using the first signal as a start indication, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of an R2D transmission structure provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figures 15 and 16 are schematic diagrams of the R2D transmission structure, with the first signal as the preamble.

[0032] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a scheme for transmitting multiple signal segments at one transmission time in an embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Zero-power communication

[0037] Zero-power communication employs energy harvesting and backscatter communication technologies. Zero-power devices refer to IoT devices that use various environmental energy sources, such as radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy, to power themselves. These devices may have no energy storage capacity or very limited energy storage capacity (e.g., using capacitors with a capacitance of tens of microfarads (µF)). Compared to traditional Internet of Things (IoT) devices, zero-power devices offer numerous advantages, including no need for conventional batteries, no maintenance, small size, low complexity and low cost, and long lifespan.

[0038] In some scenarios, zero-power devices can also be called zero-power devices or ambient power (AMP) devices.

[0039] An environmental Internet of Things (IoT) can include a network device 110 and a zero-power device 120, as shown in Figure 1. The network device is used to send wireless power signals and downlink communication signals to the zero-power device, and to receive backscattered signals from the zero-power device. A basic zero-power device includes an energy harvesting module, a backscattered communication module, and a low-power computing module. In addition, the zero-power device may also have a memory or sensor to store basic information (such as object identification) or acquire sensor data such as ambient temperature and humidity.

[0040] It should be noted that Figure 1 exemplarily illustrates a network device and a zero-power device. Optionally, the communication system 100 may include multiple network devices, and each network device may include other zero-power devices within its coverage area. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0041] In addition, in some implementations, the communication system 100 may also include other network entities such as a network controller and a mobility management entity, which is not limited in this application embodiment.

[0042] It should be understood that the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: 5th generation (5G) systems or new radio (NR), long term evolution (LTE) systems, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, LTE time division duplex (TDD) systems, cellular IoT, etc. The technical solutions provided in this application can also be applied to future communication systems, such as 6th generation mobile communication systems, etc.

[0043] The zero-power device in this application embodiment can be a type of terminal device, which can also be referred to as user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal equipment, wireless communication equipment, user agent, or user device. The terminal device in this application embodiment can be a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity to a user, and can be used to connect people, objects, and machines, such as home appliances, sensors, electronic tags, etc., with wireless connectivity. The terminal in this application embodiment can be a wireless terminal in a smart home, a wireless terminal in an IWSN (Internet Wireless Network), a wireless terminal in smart logistics and smart warehousing, a wireless terminal in self-driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal in a smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in a smart city, etc.

[0044] The network device in this application embodiment can be a device for communicating with a terminal device. If the terminal is an electronic tag, the network device can be a reader / writer for reading and writing electronic tags (e.g., a reader / writer based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology). The network device can also be an access network device or a wireless access network device, such as a base station. In this application embodiment, the network device can refer to a radio access network (RAN) node (or device) that connects the terminal device to the wireless network. A base station can broadly encompass, or be replaced by, various names including: NodeB, evolved NodeB (eNB), next-generation NodeB (gNB), relay station, access point, transmitting and receiving point (TRP), transmitting point (TP), master MeNB, secondary SeNB, multi-mode radio (MSR) node, home base station, network controller, access node, wireless node, access point (AP), transmission node, transceiver node, baseband unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), positioning node, etc. A base station can be a macro base station, micro base station, relay node, donor node, or similar, or a combination thereof. A base station can also refer to a communication module, modem, or chip installed within the aforementioned equipment or apparatus. Base stations can also be mobile switching centers, devices that perform base station functions in device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), and machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, network-side devices in 6G networks, and devices that perform base station functions in future communication systems. Base stations can support networks using the same or different access technologies. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technologies or device forms used in the network equipment.

[0045] Base stations can be fixed or mobile. For example, a helicopter or drone can be configured to act as a mobile base station, and one or more cells can move depending on the location of the mobile base station. In other examples, a helicopter or drone can be configured as a device to communicate with another base station.

[0046] In some deployments, the network device in this application embodiment may refer to a CU or a DU, or the network device may include both a CU and a DU. The gNB may also include an AAU.

[0047] Network devices and terminal devices can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can also be deployed in the air on airplanes, balloons, and satellites. This application does not limit the scenario in which the network devices and terminal devices are located.

[0048] It should be understood that all or part of the functions of the communication device in this application can also be implemented by software functions running on hardware, or by virtualization functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform).

[0049] In some implementations, terminal 120 may include an energy harvesting module 121 and a backscatter communication module 122. The energy harvesting module 121 and the backscatter communication module 122 will be described below with reference to Figures 2 to 4; for brevity, they will not be elaborated upon here. In some cases, terminal 120 may also include a low-power computing module 123. The low-power computing module 123 provides computing functions for the terminal, such as data processing. In other cases, terminal 120 may also include a sensor 124 for collecting external information (e.g., ambient temperature, ambient humidity, etc.). In still other cases, terminal 120 may also include a memory 125 for storing information (e.g., external information collected by the aforementioned sensors, or such as object identification).

[0050] The energy harvesting module 121 described above is used to harvest energy. In some implementations, energy can be harvested via a wireless power supply signal sent by a network device. This wireless power supply signal can be a radio frequency (RF) signal sent by the network device; therefore, the energy harvesting module described above is also called an "RF energy harvesting module."

[0051] Figure 2 illustrates one possible structure of the energy harvesting module. As shown in Figure 2, the energy harvesting module 121 can harvest the energy of spatial electromagnetic waves from radio frequency signals based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, and store the harvested energy in capacitor C, which is the charging process of capacitor C. After the charging process of capacitor C is completed, capacitor C can begin to discharge to provide power for the terminal's operation. For example, the discharge of capacitor C can be used to drive the terminal to perform low-power demodulation of data sent by network devices. Another example is that the discharge of capacitor C can be used to drive the terminal to modulate data to be transmitted. Yet another example is that the discharge of capacitor C can be used to drive the terminal's sensors to perform data acquisition. And yet another example is that the discharge of capacitor C can be used to drive the terminal to read data from memory 125, etc.

[0052] The aforementioned backscatter communication module 122 is used for backscatter communication between the terminal and network devices. The principle of backscatter communication in this embodiment is described below with reference to Figure 3. Referring to Figure 3, the terminal 120 receives the wireless signal sent by the network device 110 and modulates the wireless signal to load the information to be transmitted. Finally, the modulated signal is radiated from the antenna; this information transmission process is called backscatter communication. Backscatter communication and load modulation are inseparable. Load modulation adjusts and controls the circuit parameters of the terminal's oscillation circuit according to the data stream's rhythm, causing parameters such as the terminal's impedance to change accordingly, thus completing the modulation process. Load modulation technology mainly includes two methods: resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation. In resistive load modulation, a resistor is connected in parallel with the load. This resistor is switched on or off based on the control of the binary data stream, as shown in Figure 4. The switching on and off of the resistor causes a change in the circuit voltage, thus implementing amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulation, that is, signal modulation and transmission are achieved by adjusting the amplitude of the terminal's backscatter signal. Similarly, in capacitive load modulation, the resonant frequency of the circuit can be changed by switching the capacitor on and off, thus realizing frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation. That is, the modulation and transmission of the signal are achieved by adjusting the operating frequency of the backscattered signal of the terminal.

[0053] In some implementations, other devices, such as amplifiers, may be provided on the transmit (TX) path of network device 110 for processing the signal to be transmitted. Similarly, other devices, such as low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), may be provided on the receive (RX) path of network device 110 for processing the received signal.

[0054] In some implementations, terminal 120 may be equipped with an energy harvesting unit for harvesting energy from the wireless power supply signal sent by the network device. Of course, terminal 120 may also include a logic processing unit to perform corresponding calculation functions.

[0055] It should be noted that, whether it is network device 110 or terminal 120, Figure 3 only shows the connection structure of the signal processing circuit as an example. The processing circuit of network device 110 and / or terminal 120 may contain other components, and this application embodiment does not specifically limit this.

[0056] Typically, load modulation can be implemented using either resistive load modulation or capacitive load modulation. Figure 4 shows a circuit diagram of a terminal based on resistive load modulation technology. It should be noted that the circuit in Figure 4 implements load modulation in a manner similar to existing circuits for implementing load modulation. For simplicity, the functions of resistors R2 and R3, capacitors C1 and C2, and inductors L1 and L2 shown in Figure 4 will not be elaborated further.

[0057] In resistive load modulation, a resistor R can be connected in parallel with the load. L The switch S can be controlled based on binary data stream to achieve the resistor R. L The resistor R is switched on or off. L Switching the circuit on and off will cause changes in the circuit voltage, and the changes in the circuit voltage can control the amplitude of the backscattered signal of the terminal, thereby achieving modulation of the backscattered signal, that is, ASK modulation of the backscattered signal.

[0058] Similarly, in capacitive load modulation, the switching of the capacitor can be controlled based on the binary data stream to change the circuit resonant frequency, thereby changing the operating frequency of the backscattered signal to achieve FSK modulation.

[0059] As described above, the terminal can use load modulation to modulate the incoming signal (i.e., the signal sent by the network device), thereby realizing the backscatter communication process. Therefore, the terminal in backscatter communication typically has the following advantages.

[0060] One advantage is that since the terminal does not need to actively transmit signals, there is no need to construct a complex radio frequency (RF) path. For example, the RF path does not need to include power amplifiers (PAs) or RF filters, thus reducing the cost and size of the terminal.

[0061] The second advantage is that since the terminal does not need to actively generate high-frequency signals, it does not need a high-frequency crystal oscillator, thus reducing the cost and size of the terminal.

[0062] Thirdly, because the terminal can use backscatter technology to communicate with network devices, the terminal consumes less energy during communication, or even does not need to consume its own energy.

[0063] In some implementations, data transmitted by zero-power devices can be represented by different forms of code to indicate binary "1" and "0". Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems typically use one of the following encoding methods: non-return-to-zero (NRZ) code, Manchester encoding, unipolar RZ encoding, differential binary phase (DBP) encoding, Miller encoding, or differential encoding. In simpler terms, it uses different pulse signals to represent 0 and 1.

[0064] Classification of zero-power devices

[0065] In some scenarios, based on the energy source and energy usage of zero-power devices, zero-power devices can be divided into three categories: passive zero-power devices, semi-passive zero-power devices, and active zero-power devices.

[0066] I. Passive zero-power devices.

[0067] Passive zero-power devices typically do not require an internal battery. When a zero-power device approaches a network device, it falls within the near-field range of the network device's antenna radiation. At this point, the zero-power device's antenna can generate an induced current through electromagnetic induction. This induced current powers the zero-power device, enabling demodulation of the received signal and / or modulation and encoding of the signal to be transmitted. In some implementations, the passive zero-power device can be an electronic tag, and correspondingly, the network device can be a reader / writer for a radio frequency identification (RFID) system, used to read and / or modify the contents of the electronic tag.

[0068] II. Semi-passive zero-power devices.

[0069] The semi-passive zero-power device itself does not have a conventional battery installed, but it can use the energy harvesting module 121 to harvest radio wave energy and store the harvested energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). After the energy storage unit obtains energy, it can power the zero-power device to demodulate the received signal and / or modulate and encode the signal to be transmitted.

[0070] III. Active Zero-Power Devices

[0071] Active zero-power devices can have a built-in battery. The battery powers the zero-power device to demodulate the received signal and / or modulate and encode the signal to be transmitted. However, when the zero-power device uses backscatter communication technology, it does not consume battery power. Therefore, for this type of zero-power device, "zero power consumption" is mainly reflected in scenarios where the terminal uses backscatter communication technology.

[0072] In some implementations, the aforementioned active zero-power device can be an electronic tag, and the network device can be an RFID reader. In this case, the built-in battery can power the RFID chip within the zero-power device, thereby increasing the read / write distance between the RFID reader and the electronic tag. On the other hand, the built-in battery can also power the RFID chip within the zero-power device, reducing the read / write latency of the RFID reader on the electronic tag and improving communication reliability.

[0073] For the aforementioned passive and semi-passive zero-power devices, since they do not have built-in batteries, they need to harvest energy from the environment. On one hand, the zero-power device can only drive the circuit to receive or transmit data when it has harvested a certain amount of energy. Before it has harvested enough energy, it cannot receive or transmit data. On the other hand, when the zero-power device receives or transmits data, it consumes stored energy. When the stored energy falls below a certain level, the zero-power device can no longer receive or transmit data, and at this point, it needs to harvest energy from the environment again to continue receiving or transmitting data.

[0074] In other scenarios, zero-power devices can be categorized into three types based on transmitter type: backscatter-based zero-power devices, active transmitter-based zero-power devices, and zero-power devices that combine backscatter and active transmitter capabilities.

[0075] 1) Zero-power devices based on backscattering.

[0076] These zero-power devices transmit uplink data using the backscattering method described above. These devices do not have an active transmitter for active transmission, but only a backscattering transmitter. Therefore, when this type of terminal transmits data, a network device needs to provide a carrier wave, and the terminal device uses this carrier wave for backscattering to achieve data transmission.

[0077] 2) Zero-power devices based on active transmitters.

[0078] These zero-power devices use active transmitters with active transmission capabilities for uplink data transmission. Therefore, when sending data, these devices can transmit data using their own active transmitters without requiring a carrier wave from network equipment. Suitable active transmitters for zero-power devices include, for example, ultra-low-power ASK or ultra-low-power FSK transmitters. Based on current implementations, these transmitters can reduce overall power consumption to 400–600 µW when transmitting a 100 µW signal.

[0079] 3) A zero-power device that simultaneously features backscattering and an active transmitter.

[0080] These terminals can support both backscatter and active transmitters. The terminal can determine which uplink signal transmission method to use based on different conditions (such as battery level and available ambient energy) or the scheduling of network devices: whether to use backscatter or active transmitter for active transmission.

[0081] Cellular Passive Internet of Things

[0082] Cellular IoT is booming. For example, 3GPP has standardized IoT technologies such as narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), machine-type communication (MTC), and reduced capability (RedCap). However, there are still many IoT communication needs in various scenarios that cannot be met by existing technologies, such as: harsh communication environments, extremely small terminal form factors, and extremely low-cost IoT communication needs.

[0083] Among these, harsh communication environments refer to certain IoT scenarios that may face extreme conditions such as high temperatures, extremely low temperatures, high humidity, high pressure, high radiation, or high-speed movement. Examples include ultra-high-voltage substations, high-speed train track monitoring, environmental monitoring in frigid regions, and industrial production lines. In these scenarios, existing IoT terminals will be unable to function due to the limitations of conventional power supplies. Furthermore, extreme working environments are also detrimental to IoT maintenance, such as battery replacement.

[0084] The aforementioned requirement for extremely small terminal form factors refers to certain IoT communication scenarios, such as food traceability, commodity distribution, and smart wearables, which require terminals to have extremely small sizes for convenient use in these scenarios. For example, IoT terminals used for commodity management in the distribution process typically use electronic tags, embedded in product packaging in a very compact form. As another example, lightweight wearable devices can improve the user experience while meeting user needs.

[0085] The aforementioned extremely low-cost IoT communication requirements refer to numerous IoT communication scenarios that demand sufficiently low costs for IoT terminals to enhance their competitiveness compared to other alternative technologies. For example, in logistics or warehousing scenarios, to facilitate the management of large quantities of goods in circulation, IoT terminals can be attached to each item, enabling precise management of the entire logistics process and lifecycle through communication between the terminal and the logistics network. These scenarios require IoT terminals to be sufficiently competitively priced.

[0086] In addition, with the increasing applications in the communications industry, the types and application scenarios of connected devices are becoming more and more diverse, which will place higher demands on the price and power consumption of communication terminals. The application of battery-free, low-cost passive IoT devices has become a key technology for cellular IoT, enriching the types and quantities of terminals connected to the communication network and truly realizing the Internet of Everything.

[0087] In standardization discussions, zero-power IoT can also be referred to as A-IoT. Some technical literature also refers to it as passive IoT. A-IoT devices refer to IoT devices that use various environmental energy sources, such as radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy, to power themselves. These devices may have no energy storage capacity or very limited energy storage capacity (e.g., using capacitors with a capacitance of tens of microseconds). Compared to traditional IoT devices, A-IoT devices have many advantages, including no need for conventional batteries, no maintenance, small size, low complexity and low cost, and long lifespan. They can be widely used in various industries, such as logistics, smart warehousing, smart agriculture, energy and power, and the industrial internet; they can also be used in personal applications such as smart wearables and smart homes.

[0088] Based on the discussion of A-IoT application scenarios according to the 3GPP system architecture (SA)1, A-IoT can be used in at least the following four types of scenarios:

[0089] • Object recognition, such as logistics, production line product management, and supply chain management.

[0090] • Environmental monitoring, such as monitoring the temperature, humidity, and harmful gases in the work environment and natural environment.

[0091] • Positioning, such as indoor positioning, intelligent item finding, and production line item positioning.

[0092] • Intelligent control, such as the intelligent control of various electrical appliances in smart homes (turning on and off air conditioners, adjusting temperature), and the intelligent control of various facilities in agricultural greenhouses (automatic irrigation, fertilization).

[0093] Typically, the battery-free and low-cost nature of devices enables low-cost, mass deployment and maintenance-free operation of devices such as IoT devices. Current standards are researching how to support A-IoT devices in NR and Wi-Fi systems. For A-IoT devices, the energy required for operation comes from environmental energy harvesting, which can be from wireless signals, solar energy, thermal energy, etc. These devices are similar to passive or semi-passive devices in zero-power communication.

[0094] In some scenarios, research projects have been carried out on A-IoT devices. Currently, A-IoT devices can be roughly divided into three types, which have different levels of complexity and communication capabilities.

[0095] Device A: It does not have energy storage capacity and cannot transmit independent signals; that is, it uses a backscatter transmission method.

[0096] Device B: It has energy storage capabilities but cannot transmit independent signals. It uses a backscatter transmission method and can amplify the backscattered signal using the stored energy.

[0097] Device C: It has energy storage capacity and can send independent signals, that is, it has active transmission capability.

[0098] Device A has the lowest complexity and power consumption, as low as 1μW, but its communication distance is limited, typically only a few meters. Device A requires a carrier signal from a network device for backscattering transmission. Device C generally has a large-capacity capacitor to store energy from the environment, supports power consumption of several hundred μW, supports active signal transmission, and has a longer communication distance. Because Device C can transmit actively, it does not require a carrier signal from a network device. Device B's complexity and power consumption fall between those of Device A and Device C.

[0099] In addition, zero-power terminals can support various types of environmental energy harvesting, such as radio frequency (RF), solar, thermal, and mechanical energy. Among these, zero-power terminals based on RF energy harvesting may require a network to provide RF power signals.

[0100] Current research projects for A-IoT devices aim to provide a unified air interface design, minimizing differences from traditional air interface designs, in order to support the following device performance:

[0101] Device Performance 1: Peak power consumption of approximately 1uW, with energy storage capacity, up to 10x The initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) in ppm is not amplified for either DL or UL transmissions. The device's UL transmission is backscattered on an externally provided carrier.

[0102] Device performance 2: Peak power consumption is less than several hundred uW, with energy storage capacity, up to 10 x The initial sampling frequency offset of ppm can be achieved using an amplifier for DL ​​and / or UL transmissions. The UL transmission of the device can be generated internally (actively transmitted) or backscattered on an externally provided carrier.

[0103] Among them, the peak power consumption of device performance 1 is lower than that of device performance 2. Devices with performance 1 can use backscatter communication in UL transmission, a compromise between the performance of devices A and B described above (possessing energy storage capability but unable to amplify the signal). Devices with performance 2 have higher peak power consumption and can use either active transmission or directional scattering in UL transmission. When this device uses active transmission for UL transmission, it is similar to device C described above; when it uses backscatter communication, it is similar to device B described above.

[0104] In some discussions, the business characteristics of A-IoT services such as device-terminated (DT), device-originated (DO), device-originated-autonomous (DO-A), and trigger-based device-initiated-device-terminated-triggered (DO-DTT) were discussed, and the business characteristics of different services are defined as follows:

[0105] For DO (Domain-Oriented) services, this refers to communication initiated by the terminal. For A-IoT devices, it involves the A-IoT device sending signaling / data to network devices and / or intermediate node devices (which can be initiated proactively or triggered). For example, DO services can include A-IoT data reporting and / or A-IoT data transmission.

[0106] For DT (Digital Transmission) services, this refers to communication terminated at the terminal. For A-IoT devices, it refers to the transmission of signaling / data from network devices and / or intermediate nodes to the terminal. For example, in the control process of A-IoT devices, DT services can involve network devices sending control signaling to A-IoT devices, and the A-IoT devices correspondingly performing operations. An example application scenario for DT services could be a network device controlling the on / off state of smart devices.

[0107] Regarding DO-A services, this service is a communication initiated autonomously by the terminal device. DO-A services can be a type of DO service, such as alarms.

[0108] For DO-DTT services, this is a network-triggered communication service initiated and terminated by the terminal. For example, DO-DTT services may include asset inventory-related services.

[0109] In low-power IoT based on cellular networks, A-IoT devices can directly transmit and receive carrier waves, data, or signals from network devices (e.g., base stations), and send or backscatter data or channels to network devices. In other words, network devices can communicate directly with A-IoT devices, as shown in Figure 5A (denoted as the first topology). Alternatively, communication between A-IoT devices and network devices can be achieved through an intermediate node. In this case, the intermediate node can send carrier waves, data, or signals to the A-IoT device under the control of the network device (e.g., base station), and the A-IoT device can send or backscatter data or signals to the intermediate node, as shown in Figure 5B (denoted as the second topology).

[0110] In some implementations, intermediate nodes can be nodes with weaker capabilities compared to network devices. For example, an intermediate node could be a smart terminal device.

[0111] Frame structures for R2D and D2R transmissions

[0112] Currently, 3GPP has conducted research on the frame structure for R2D and D2R transmissions. The following section introduces some consensuses reached regarding the frame structure.

[0113] In some implementations, for R2D transmission, an R2D timing acquisition signal (e.g., an R2D preamble) is included for clock acquisition and to indicate the start of R2D transmission in the time domain.

[0114] In some implementations, for D2R transmission, a D2R clock acquisition signal (e.g., a D2R preamble) is included for clock acquisition and to indicate the start of D2R transmission in the time domain.

[0115] In some implementations, the frame structure may also include other necessary components, such as training sequences (also known as "midamble"), postamble, periodic synchronization signals, control fields, and guard periods.

[0116] In some implementations, for R2D transmission, if an OFDM-based waveform is used, it is assumed from the reader's perspective that the start of the R2D transmission is aligned with the boundary of the NR OFDM symbol (including the CP) in order to enable in-band / guard band deployment.

[0117] In some implementations, the research preamble for the R2D clock acquisition signal that immediately precedes the physical channel transmission includes at least two parts: a start-indicator part and a clock-acquisition part, with the start-indicator part immediately preceding the clock-acquisition part.

[0118] In some implementations, the start indication section is used to indicate the start of the R2D transfer, and details regarding the start indication section are under investigation.

[0119] In some implementations, the clock acquisition section is used to provide chip synchronization for subsequent physical channel transmission. Details regarding the clock acquisition section (such as structure, encoding, length, etc.) are under investigation. In addition, methods for determining the chip duration of subsequent physical channel transmission are also under investigation.

[0120] It should be noted that the preamble is not considered part of the physical channel.

[0121] In some implementations, the following two schemes are provided for the start indication part of the R2D clock acquisition signal: Scheme 1: ON / OFF pattern, for example, represented by high / low voltage transmission; Scheme 2: OFF pattern, for example, represented by low voltage transmission.

[0122] In some implementations, for R2D transmission, the clock acquisition portion of the R2D clock acquisition signal is used to determine the duration of the OOK chip.

[0123] In some implementations, a separate start indication portion is not considered in the preamble before the physical device reader channel (PDRCH) for each D2R transmission.

[0124] In some implementations, the start indication part of the R2D clock acquisition signal can use an ON / OFF pattern, where the ON / OFF pattern can be implemented through high / low voltage transmission.

[0125] As described above, and as shown in Figure 6, when network devices and A-IoT devices communicate, a preamble needs to be sent from the network device to the A-IoT device before the Physical Reader Device Channel (PRDCH). This preamble indicates the start of PRDCH transmission and is used by the A-IoT device for PRDCH chip synchronization. Currently, the preamble can include two parts: a start indication part and a clock acquisition part, designed for successful PRDCH transmission and reception. Additionally, in some scenarios, a post-synchronization signal can be appended after the PRDCH transmission.

[0126] Frame structure in Wi-Fi

[0127] Figures 7A and 7B illustrate the frame structures applicable to embodiments of this application. In some implementations, the frame structures shown in Figures 7A and 7B can be the frame structures for trigger frames. Referring to the frame structure shown in Figure 7A, the frame may include a legacy preamble field, a signal (SIG) field, a synchronization (SYNC) field, and a data field.

[0128] Referring to the frame structure shown in Figure 7B, the frame may include a legacy preamble field, a start indication field, a signal (SIG) field, a synchronization (SYNC) field, and a data field.

[0129] The traditional preamble field was introduced in Wi-Fi systems for compatibility reasons, and its function is similar to that of a preamble. The SIG field carries communication-related control instructions; this field can be introduced for A-IoT devices, hence it is also called the "SIG-AIoT field." The SYNC field is used for synchronization or clock synchronization; this field can be introduced for A-IoT devices, hence it is also called the "SYNC-AIoT field." The data field carries data; this field can be introduced for A-IoT devices, hence it is also called the "DATA-AIoT field."

[0130] In some implementations, the SYNC field can carry not only information for clock acquisition and / or synchronization, but also a start indication. This start indication is used to indicate the start of transmission of information for clock acquisition and / or synchronization by the receiving end (e.g., STA), as well as the start of transmission of data fields. For example, the start indication can be carried in the SYNC field shown in Figure 7A.

[0131] In some implementations, the start indication can be carried in the start indication field, as shown in Figure 7B, which is used to indicate the start of transmission of the SYNC field.

[0132] In actual communication, the second device (e.g., an A-IoT device) often has a large SFO (Special Frontier). Currently, in technical discussions, the SFO value of the second device is typically around 10. 4 ~10 5 Around ppm. A large SFO can cause a mismatch in sampling clock frequencies between the first device (transmitter) and the second device (receiver), thus affecting the correct demodulation and reception of the signal and reducing the performance of the communication system. Taking a communication frequency of 915MHz as an example, 10 4 ~10 5 The sampling deviation corresponding to ppm may be between 9.15MHz and 91.5MHz. For 10 5 For an SFO of ppm, the sampling deviation may be around 1 OFDM symbol for every 10 OFDM symbols sent by the first device.

[0133] If the second device samples according to its own clock and receives the first information sent by the first device, the second device will be affected by the SFO and its own oscillator deviation. The second device cannot accurately determine the time domain position of the first signal and may detect it at a time domain position earlier than the actual time of the first signal transmission or at a time domain position later than the actual time of the first signal transmission.

[0134] If the second device performs detection at a time domain position earlier than the actual transmission of the first signal, on the one hand, it may increase the energy consumption required for the second device to detect the first signal, resulting in insufficient energy for communication. On the other hand, the second device may fail to detect the first signal, leading to a missed detection of the first signal.

[0135] If the second device performs detection at a time domain position later than the actual transmission of the first signal, the second device will fail to detect the first signal, resulting in a missed detection of the first signal.

[0136] The following section, using Figure 8 as an example with the first signal as the preamble, illustrates the impact of SFO on signal reception. Referring to Figure 8(a), assume the reader occupies OFDM symbols 1 and 2 to transmit the preamble signal and PRDCH. Due to the influence of SFO and its own oscillator bias, as shown in Figure 8(b), the A-IoT device detects the preamble signal and PRDCH at the time-domain positions of OFDM symbols 1-1 and 2-1, where the time-domain positions of OFDM symbols 1-1 and 2-1 are earlier than those of OFDM symbols 1 and 2. On one hand, this may increase the energy consumption required for the A-IoT device to detect the preamble, resulting in insufficient energy for communication. On the other hand, the A-IoT device may fail to detect the preamble, leading to missed detection and thus preventing PRDCH reception.

[0137] Referring to Figure 8(c), the A-IoT device detects the preamble signal and PRDCH at the time domain positions of OFDM symbols 1-2 and 2-2. However, the time domain positions of OFDM symbols 2-1 and 2-2 are later than those of OFDM symbols 1 and 2. In this case, the A-IoT device will fail to detect the preamble, resulting in a missed detection of the preamble and thus being unable to receive the subsequent PRDCH.

[0138] The following section, using Figure 9 as an example and taking the first signal as the trigger signal (i.e., the trigger frame introduced above), illustrates the impact of SFO on signal reception. Considering the limited energy of the AMP STA, a duty cycle approach is more suitable for signal reception. The duty cycle indicates the ratio between the time a signal or device is active (e.g., the time period corresponding to RX) and the total duration of the entire cycle. As shown in Figure 9, the AMP STA can determine the time window corresponding to the cycle based on its own clock to receive the trigger signal sent by the AMP AP. The trigger signal functions similarly to the 3GPP PRDCH, and can be used to schedule / trigger the AMP STA to transmit signals, or to write data to the AMP STA.

[0139] Assuming the time window 1 where the AMP AP transmits the trigger signal has a length of 100ms, the AMP STA has 10 5A clock skew of ppm means a deviation of 10ms every 100ms. Therefore, the time window 1-1 determined by the AMP STA will deviate from time window 1 by either -10ms or 10ms. That is, as shown in Figure 10(a), assuming the AMP AP sends a trigger signal on time domain resource 1 within time window 1, due to the influence of SFO and its own oscillator deviation, as shown in Figure 10(b), the AMP STA will detect the trigger signal on time domain resource 1 within time window 1-1, where time domain resource 1 in time window 1-1 is earlier than time domain resource 1 in time window 1. On the one hand, this may increase the energy consumption required for the AMP STA to detect the trigger signal, resulting in insufficient energy for communication. On the other hand, the AMP STA may fail to detect the preamble, leading to a missed trigger signal.

[0140] Alternatively, as shown in Figure 10(c), the AMP STA will detect the trigger signal on time domain resource 1 in time window 1-2, where time domain resource 1 in time window 1-2 is later than time domain resource 1 in time window 1. In this case, the AMP STA will miss the trigger signal because it does not detect the trigger signal.

[0141] Therefore, to address the above problems, this application provides a wireless communication method, which is described below with reference to FIG9. The method shown in FIG11 includes step S1110.

[0142] In step S1110, the first device sends a first signal to the second device.

[0143] In some implementations, the first signal may include one or more of the following: a preamble, a conventional preamble; first indication information indicating the start of transmission; and first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

[0144] Taking the first signal as a preamble as an example, this preamble corresponds to the physical channel (e.g., PRDCH) used for R2D transmission. For example, the preamble can be the preamble corresponding to the PRDCH described above, also known as the R2D clock acquisition signal. That is to say, the time domain position of the transmission preamble can be adjacent to the time domain position used for transmitting the PRDCH, and can be located before the time domain position of the transmitted PRDCH.

[0145] In some implementations, the leading element may include first indication information and first information, as shown in Figure 6. Further details can be found above.

[0146] Taking a first signal including a conventional preamble as an example, the conventional preamble is used for signal detection, time synchronization, frequency offset estimation, automatic gain control, and channel estimation. For example, the conventional preamble can adopt the preamble code structure used in the 802.11a / g standard. The conventional preamble code is designed to ensure compatibility with earlier Wi-Fi devices (e.g., 802.11a / g devices).

[0147] Taking the first signal as the first indication information as an example, the first indication information indicates the start of transmission. In some implementations, the first indication information is used to indicate the start of transmission for acquiring first information for clock synchronization and / or to indicate the start of transmission for the physical channel (e.g., PRDCH) used for R2D transmission. For example, the first indication information may be the start indication (also known as the start indication part in the R2D clock acquisition signal) described above.

[0148] It should be noted that in some implementations, the start indication differs from the start indication used for clearing functions in traditional schemes. In traditional schemes, the start indication for clearing functions can be understood as announcing to other devices, "Please be quiet, some information will be transmitted." However, the start indication in this embodiment is used to indicate the start of R2D transmission, not for clearing functions.

[0149] In other implementations, the first indication information indicates the start of transmission of information used for clock acquisition (and / or synchronization), and / or indicates the start of transmission of data fields. For example, referring to Figure 7A, the first indication information can be the start indication described above, which can be carried in the SYNC field, indicating the start of transmission of information used for clock acquisition (and / or synchronization) and the start of transmission of data fields. As another example, referring to Figure 7B, the start indication can be carried in a start indication field, which is used to indicate the start of transmission of the SYNC field.

[0150] Taking the first signal as the first information as an example, in some implementations, the first information is used for clock synchronization in R2D transmission. For example, the first information can be the clock acquisition (also known as the clock acquisition part in the R2D clock acquisition signal) described above. In other implementations, the first information is used for clock synchronization during A-IoT data transmission in the WiFi system; for example, the first information can be the synchronization information carried in the SYNC field.

[0151] In the embodiments of this application, the combination of the first signal is not limited. For example, the first signal may only include a preamble. For another example, the first signal may only include first indication information. For yet another example, the first signal may only include first information. For yet another example, the first signal may include a conventional preamble, first indication information, and first information. For yet another example, the first signal may include first indication information and first information (for example, referring to the frame structure shown in FIG7A, the first signal may include the first indication information and first information in the SYNC field).

[0152] In the embodiments of this application, the first device and the second device are not limited. In some implementations, the first device can be one of the following: AMP AP, reader / writer, network device (e.g., the network device in Figure 5A), or intermediate node (e.g., the intermediate node shown in Figure 5B). In other implementations, the second device can be an AMP STA, an A-IoT device (e.g., the A-IoT device shown in Figure 5A or Figure 5B), a zero-power terminal, or a terminal device.

[0153] In some implementations, the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities. Accordingly, if the second device can detect the first signal at one of the multiple transmission opportunities, it means that the second device has detected the first signal, which helps to increase the probability of the second device detecting the first signal. The following description is based on Embodiment 1.

[0154] In other implementations, multiple signal segments of the first signal correspond to a transmission timing. Accordingly, if the second device detects a signal segment among the multiple signal segments within that transmission timing, it indicates that the second device has detected the first signal, which helps to increase the probability of the second device detecting the first signal. This will be described below with reference to Embodiment 2.

[0155] In the embodiments of this application, the term "transmission timing" is not limited. In some scenarios, transmission timing may also be referred to as transmission opportunity, detection timing, or detection opportunity, etc.

[0156] Example 1: The first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities.

[0157] In some implementations, the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, including different transmission opportunities within these multiple transmission opportunities all being used to transmit the first signal. That is to say, the first signal can be repeatedly transmitted in multiple transmission opportunities, which helps to increase the likelihood that the second device will detect the first signal.

[0158] Example 1: The first signal includes the preamble corresponding to PRDCH. Accordingly, the first signal corresponding to multiple transmission opportunities can be understood as the preamble being repeatedly transmitted at multiple transmission opportunities.

[0159] In some implementations, if the first signal includes a preamble, the preambles transmitted at multiple transmission times can be understood as preambles corresponding to the same RPDCH. That is to say, one RPDCH can correspond to multiple preambles, and correspondingly, as long as the second device detects the preamble at one of the multiple transmission times, it can receive subsequent RPDCHs.

[0160] Example 2: The first signal includes the first information. Accordingly, the first signal corresponding to multiple transmission opportunities can be understood as the first information being repeatedly transmitted at multiple transmission opportunities.

[0161] In some implementations, if the first signal includes first information (for example, see the first information shown in Figure 6), the first information transmitted at multiple transmission times can be understood as belonging to the same preamble. That is to say, multiple pieces of first information contained in a preamble are transmitted through multiple transmission times respectively. Accordingly, the second device can perform clock synchronization as long as it detects the first information at one of the multiple transmission times.

[0162] In other implementations, if the first signal includes first information (e.g., see the first information shown in Figures 7A or 7B), the first information transmitted at multiple transmission times can be understood as corresponding to the same conventional preamble. That is, multiple pieces of first information corresponding to a conventional preamble (e.g., SYNC-AIoT) are transmitted through multiple transmission times respectively. Accordingly, the second device can perform clock synchronization as long as it detects the first information at one of the multiple transmission times.

[0163] Example 3: The first signal includes first indication information. Accordingly, the first signal corresponding to multiple transmission opportunities can be understood as the first indication information being repeatedly transmitted at multiple transmission opportunities.

[0164] In some implementations, if the first indication information is a start indication (for example, see the first indication information shown in Figure 6), start indications transmitted at multiple transmission times can be understood as start indications belonging to the same preamble. That is, multiple start indications contained in a preamble are transmitted through multiple transmission times. Accordingly, as long as the second device detects the start indication at one of the multiple transmission times, it can start subsequent clock acquisition and / or PRDCH reception. Therefore, when the start indication in the preamble is redundantly transmitted at multiple transmission times, A-IoT devices with different SFOs and different clock offsets can detect start indications at different transmission times, which helps reduce the probability of missed detections.

[0165] In other implementations, if the first indication information is a start indication (e.g., see the first indication information shown in Figures 7A or 7B), the start indications transmitted at multiple transmission times can be understood as corresponding to the start indications of the same conventional preamble. That is, multiple start indications contained in a conventional preamble are transmitted through multiple transmission times. Accordingly, the second device can initiate the reception of subsequent information as long as it detects the start indication at one of the multiple transmission times. Therefore, when the start indication in the conventional preamble is redundantly transmitted at multiple transmission times, A-IoT devices with different SFOs and different clock offsets can detect the start indications at different transmission times, helping to reduce the probability of missed detections.

[0166] Example 4: The first signal includes a conventional preamble, SIG, SYNC, and a data field (see Figure 7A). Correspondingly, the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, which can be understood as the first signal being transmitted repeatedly at multiple transmission opportunities.

[0167] Example 5: The first signal includes a conventional preamble, start indication, SIG, SYNC, and data field (see Figure 7B). Correspondingly, the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, which can be understood as the first signal as a whole being repeatedly transmitted at multiple transmission opportunities.

[0168] Additionally, it should be noted that for a scheme where the first indication information and the first information are carried in the same field (for example, see Figure 7A), the first signal may include the first indication information and the first information. In this case, the first signal corresponding to multiple transmission times can be understood as the field carrying the first information and the first indication information (for example, the SYNC-AIoT field) being repeatedly transmitted at multiple transmission times.

[0169] Referring to Figure 12, in the R2D transmission structure, preamble 1 is used for receiving the RPDCH. The start indication in preamble 1 corresponds to three transmission opportunities, and the clock acquisition in preamble 1 corresponds to one transmission opportunity. Accordingly, if the second device detects the start indication at one of the three transmission opportunities, it can perform subsequent clock acquisition (as an example of the first information) and RPDCH reception based on that start indication, which helps reduce the probability of the second device missing the start indication.

[0170] It should be noted that the duration of the "transmission timing of each transmission start indication" in the time domain in the embodiments of this application can be the same as that of the "transmission timing acquired by each transmission clock", or the duration of the "transmission timing of each transmission start indication" in the time domain can be shorter than that of the "transmission timing acquired by each transmission clock", or the duration of the "transmission timing of each transmission start indication" in the time domain can be longer than that of the "transmission timing acquired by each transmission clock".

[0171] The following section, using Figure 13 as an example with the first signal as the start indication, illustrates the impact of SFO on signal reception. Referring to Figure 13(a), it is assumed that the reader / writer occupies transmission opportunities 1-3 to send the start indication. Due to the influence of SFO and its own oscillator deviation, as shown in Figure 13(b), the A-IoT device will detect the start indication on transmission opportunities 2 and 3. Therefore, even if the A-IoT device misses transmission opportunity 1 due to SFO, it can still detect the start indication on transmission opportunities 2 and 3, thus increasing the likelihood of the device detecting the start indication.

[0172] As shown in Figure 13(c), due to the influence of SFO and its own oscillator deviation, the A-IoT device will detect the start indication at transmission timing 3. Therefore, even if the A-IoT device misses transmission timing 1 and transmission timing 2 due to SFO, it can still detect the start indication at transmission timing 3, which helps increase the likelihood of the device detecting the start indication.

[0173] Referring to Figure 14, in the R2D transmission structure, preamble 1 is used for RPDCH reception. The clock acquisition in preamble 1 corresponds to two transmission opportunities, and the start indication in preamble 1 corresponds to one transmission opportunity. Accordingly, if the second device detects a clock acquisition at one of the two transmission opportunities, it can perform clock synchronization based on that clock acquisition to receive subsequent RPDCH signals, which helps reduce the probability of the second device missing a clock acquisition.

[0174] It should be noted that the duration of "transmission timing of each transmission start indication" in the time domain in the embodiments of this application can be the same as that of "transmission timing acquired by each transmission clock". Alternatively, the duration of "transmission timing of each transmission start indication" in the time domain can be shorter than that of "transmission timing acquired by each transmission clock". Or, the duration of "transmission timing of each transmission start indication" in the time domain can be longer than that of "transmission timing acquired by each transmission clock".

[0175] In some implementations, the first signal transmitted in multiple transmission opportunities can correspond to an index, which helps the second device determine the position of the transmission opportunity occupied by the detected first signal in multiple transmission opportunities based on the index, so as to determine the reception of subsequent signals and help reduce the energy required for the second device to detect the first signal.

[0176] Taking the first signal as a start indication as an example, in order for the second device to determine the position of the transmission timing corresponding to the detected start indication among multiple transmission timings, an index of the start indication can be carried before each start indication is sent. Accordingly, the second device can determine the position of the transmission timing corresponding to the detected start indication among multiple transmission timings based on the index of the start indication, and determine the timing of subsequent clock acquisition and PRDCH based on this position. In this way, the second device can stop receiving start indications after detecting them, and wake up at the timing of clock acquisition and PRDCH to continue receiving clock acquisition and PRDCH, which helps to reduce the energy required for the second device to receive start indications.

[0177] Taking the first signal as a preamble as an example, in order for the second device to determine the position of the transmission timing corresponding to the detected preamble among multiple transmission timings, the index of the preamble can be carried before each preamble is sent. Accordingly, the second device can determine the position of the transmission timing corresponding to the detected preamble among multiple transmission timings based on the index of the preamble, and determine the timing of subsequent receive clock acquisition and PRDCH based on this position. In this way, the second device can stop receiving the preamble after detecting it, and wake up to continue receiving the PRDCH at the time of receiving the PRDCH, which helps to reduce the energy required for the second device to receive the preamble.

[0178] Taking the first signal as the first information as an example, in order for the second device to determine the position of the transmission timing corresponding to the detected first information among multiple transmission timings, an index of the first information can be carried before each transmission of the first information. Accordingly, the second device can determine the position of the transmission timing corresponding to the detected first information among multiple transmission timings based on the index of the first information, and determine the time for subsequent reception of PRDCH based on this position. In this way, the second device can stop receiving the first information after detecting it, and wake up at the time for receiving PRDCH to continue receiving it, which helps to reduce the energy required for the second device to receive the first information.

[0179] It should be noted that the second device can determine the time-domain position of subsequent receive clock acquisition and / or PRDCH based on the total number of multiple transmission opportunities corresponding to the first signal and the index of the detected first signal. In some implementations, the total number of multiple transmission opportunities can be determined based on one or more of the following: predefined information, preconfiguration information, and configuration information sent by the network device.

[0180] The foregoing described the scheme of repeatedly transmitting the first signal based on multiple transmission opportunities in the embodiments of this application. In other implementations, the first signal includes multiple different signals, and the first signal corresponding to multiple transmission opportunities includes different signals among the multiple transmission opportunities corresponding to different transmission opportunities. For example, the first signal includes multiple signals with the same function, but the signal sequences of the multiple signals are different, and correspondingly, the signals transmitted by different transmission opportunities among the multiple transmission opportunities are different.

[0181] Taking the example of multiple signals used to trigger a received signal (as an example of first indication information), where different signals carry different first indication information. For example, different signals correspond to different signal sequences. Assume the first signal includes multiple start indicators, all of which are used to trigger the second device to receive clock acquisition and PRDCH. The multiple start indicators correspond to three transmission opportunities, where the signal sequences corresponding to the start indicators transmitted in transmission opportunities 1 to 3 are: "000100", "001000", and "001100", respectively.

[0182] Taking the example of multiple signals used for clock synchronization by a second device (as an example of the first information), the clock synchronization precision corresponding to different signals among the multiple signals is different. Assume that the multiple signals include signal 1 and signal 2, where signal 1 is the signal sequence used for coarse-tuning clock synchronization, and signal 2 is the signal sequence used for fine-tuning clock synchronization.

[0183] Taking multiple signals as a preamble as an example, the preamble is used for receiving PRDCH. Among the multiple signals are a first type of signal and / or a second type of signal. The first type of signal carries first indication information for triggering the reception signal, and the second type of signal carries first indication information for triggering the reception signal and first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

[0184] In some implementations, the multiple signals include one or more first-type signals and second-type signals, wherein the second-type signals are later in the time domain than one or more first-type signals.

[0185] For example, PRDCH corresponds to multiple preambles. Among the multiple preambles, only the last transmitted preamble may contain a start indication and clock fetch, while the other preambles may only contain a start indication.

[0186] For example, PRDCH corresponds to multiple preambles. Different preambles among these multiple preambles may contain the same start indication, but the clock acquisitions of the different preambles among these multiple preambles may be different.

[0187] For example, PRDCH corresponds to multiple preambles, and different preambles contain different start indicators, and different preambles contain the same clock acquisition.

[0188] For example, PRDCH corresponds to multiple preambles, and the different preambles contain different start indicators and clock acquisitions.

[0189] In some implementations, the second device detects the aforementioned preambles. If it determines that the detected preamble is the last preamble transmitted among the preambles, the subsequent PRDCH detection can proceed. Conversely, if it determines that the detected preamble is not the last preamble transmitted, the second device continues to detect preambles.

[0190] Taking the communication frames of AP and STA in multiple signals as an example (see Figure 7A or Figure 7B), the synchronization signals carried by different signals in the multiple signals are different and / or the start indications carried by different signals in the multiple signals are different.

[0191] In some implementations, the multiple signals are multiple signal segments of the first signal; that is, the first signal includes multiple signal segments, and different transmission times are used to transmit different signal segments among the multiple signal segments. Of course, in the embodiments of this application, the multiple signals can be mutually independent signals.

[0192] For ease of understanding, the following explanation uses Figures 15 and 16 as an example, taking the first signal as the preamble. Assume that multiple signal segments are also called preamble parts. Referring to Figure 15, the multiple preamble parts include preamble parts 1 to 3, which are identical signal segments. That is, each preamble part 1 to 3 contains a start indication and clock acquisition. Furthermore, preamble parts 1 to 3 are transmitted through transmission opportunities 1 to 3 respectively. Accordingly, if the second device detects a preamble part in one of the transmission opportunities 1 to 3, it can be considered that the second device has successfully detected the preamble part, which helps increase the probability of the second device detecting the preamble part.

[0193] In some implementations, the second device can perform multiple preamble detections until the detected signal is no longer a preamble, at which point it can be considered that a PRDCH has been detected.

[0194] Referring to Figure 16, the preamble includes preamble segments 1 to 3, which are different signal segments. That is, each preamble segment 1 to 3 contains the same start indication, but preamble segments 1 and 2 do not contain clock acquisition; only preamble segment 3 contains clock acquisition. Furthermore, preamble segments 1 to 3 are transmitted via transmission opportunities 1 to 3 respectively. Accordingly, if the second device detects a preamble segment in one of the transmission opportunities 1 to 3, it can be considered that the second device has successfully detected the preamble segment, which helps to increase the probability of the second device detecting the preamble segment.

[0195] In some implementations, the second device can perform multiple preamble detections until the detected signal is no longer a preamble, at which point it can be considered that a PRDCH has been detected.

[0196] In the embodiments of this application, the implementation method of multiple preamble segments is not limited. For example, different preamble segments among the multiple preamble segments may contain the same start indication, but the clock acquisitions contained in the different preamble segments among the multiple preamble segments may be different. As another example, different preamble segments among the multiple preamble segments may contain different start indications, and the clock acquisitions contained in the different preamble segments among the multiple preamble segments may be the same. Yet another example is that different preamble segments among the multiple preamble segments may contain both different start indications and different clock acquisitions.

[0197] The following section uses the first signal as a start indication as an example to introduce the scheme of transmitting the start indication through multiple transmission opportunities in the embodiments of this application.

[0198] Assume that the first signal includes multiple start indicators, and the multiple start indicators correspond to three transmission opportunities. The signal sequences corresponding to the start indicators transmitted in transmission opportunities 1 to 3 are: “000100”, “001000”, and “001100”, respectively.

[0199] Accordingly, if the second device detects "000100", it determines that a startup indication has been detected and needs to perform clock acquisition and PRDCH detection. The second device can determine that the detected indication is the first of the three startup indications. Whether the subsequent two startup indications are detected depends on the implementation of the second device (optionally, all subsequent startup indications can always be detected, which can avoid false detection of startup indications).

[0200] If the second device detects "001000", it determines that a startup indication has been detected. It needs to perform clock acquisition and PRDCH detection. The second device can determine that the detected startup indication is the second of the three startup indications. Whether to continue to detect the next startup indication depends on the implementation of the second device (optional, it can always detect all subsequent startup indications: this can avoid false detection of startup indications).

[0201] If the second device detects "001100", it determines that a start indication has been detected. It needs to perform clock acquisition and PRDCH detection. The second device can determine that the detected start indication is the third of the three start indications. After this start indication, clock acquisition detection and reception are required.

[0202] It should be noted that the number of start indications can be less than the number of start indication transmission opportunities. For example, there may be 4 start indication transmission opportunities, but there may only be 2 different start indications. In this case, start indications are sent in a loop on the 4 transmission opportunities, or each start indication is sent twice on the 4 transmission opportunities.

[0203] In some implementations, the first device can configure the second device to receive a start instruction and / or the corresponding transmission timing of the start instruction. For example, the first device can configure the start instruction to be transmitted at each transmission timing.

[0204] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the scheme described above with a start indication as the first signal, the scheme described with a clock acquisition as the first signal, and the scheme described with a foreword as the first signal can be used independently or in combination.

[0205] Additionally, it should be noted that the startup indication scheme described in the embodiments of this application is also applicable to the start indication. Simply replace the startup indication mentioned above with the start indication; for the sake of brevity, this will not be elaborated further here.

[0206] Example 2: Multiple signal segments of the first signal correspond to a transmission timing.

[0207] In this embodiment of the application, as long as the second device detects a signal segment among multiple signal segments, it indicates that the second device has detected the first signal, which helps to improve the success rate of the second device in detecting the first signal.

[0208] Taking the first signal as a trigger for the receiving signal as an example, each of the multiple signal segments of the first signal is used to trigger the receiving signal. For example, if the first signal is a start indication, then each of the multiple signal segments of the first signal is used to trigger the receiving clock acquisition and / or PRDCH. That is to say, the second device can trigger the receiving clock acquisition and / or PRDCH as long as it detects one of the multiple signal segments.

[0209] For example, if the first signal is a start indication, then each of the multiple signal segments of the first signal is used to trigger the reception of AIoT data (see Figure 7A), or each of the multiple signal segments of the first signal is used to trigger the reception of synchronization signal AIoT data (see Figure 7B). That is to say, as long as the second device detects one of the multiple signal segments, it can trigger the second device to receive subsequent signals.

[0210] Taking the first signal as an example for clock acquisition, each of the multiple signal segments of the first signal is used for clock acquisition. For example, if the first signal is for clock acquisition (see Figure 6), then each of the multiple signal segments of the first signal is used for clock acquisition. That is to say, as long as the second device detects a certain signal segment among the multiple signal segments, it can perform clock synchronization based on that signal segment.

[0211] For example, if the first signal is a synchronization signal (see Figure 7A or Figure 7B), then each of the multiple signal segments of the first signal can be used for clock synchronization. That is to say, the second device can perform clock synchronization based on a single signal segment as long as it detects one of the multiple signal segments.

[0212] In some implementations, the signal waveforms of multiple signal segments of the first signal are determined based on one or more basic waveform elements. For example, each of the multiple signal segments may include one basic waveform element. Alternatively, each of the multiple signal segments may include multiple basic waveform elements.

[0213] In this embodiment, the basic waveform element is not limited. For example, the basic waveform element may include a waveform that changes between a high level and a low level, wherein the changing waveform may, for example, include a waveform that changes from a high level to a low level, or a waveform that changes from a low level to a high level. As another example, the basic waveform element may include a high level. As yet another example, the basic waveform element may include a low level.

[0214] In some implementations, multiple basic waveform elements correspond to the same waveform. For example, the waveform corresponding to each of the multiple basic waveform elements includes a waveform that changes between a high level and a low level. This changing waveform can, for example, include a waveform that changes from a high level to a low level or from a low level to a high level. Of course, in the embodiments of this application, the multiple basic waveform elements can correspond to different waveforms. For example, the multiple basic waveform elements can include waveforms corresponding to a high level and waveforms corresponding to a low level. Assuming a high level corresponds to 1 and a low level corresponds to 0, the multiple basic waveform elements can include "1" and "0".

[0215] For example, multiple basic waveform elements can include waveforms that change from high level to low level and waveforms that change from low level to high level. Assuming that high level corresponds to 1 and low level corresponds to 0, multiple basic waveform elements can include "10 (corresponding to the waveform change between high and low level)" and "01 (corresponding to the waveform change between low and high level)". The complete start indication can be any combination of basic waveform elements such as "1001" or "10100101". In this case, as long as the second device receives a basic waveform element, it can initiate clock acquisition and PRDCH reception.

[0216] For ease of understanding, the following description, with reference to Figure 17, uses the first signal as a start indication to illustrate the scheme of transmitting multiple signal segments at one transmission moment in the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the scheme shown in Figure 17 can also be applied to the start indication described above (i.e., the first indication information described above with reference to Figure 7A or Figure 7B).

[0217] Referring to Figure 17, the start indicator can include four basic waveform elements: basic waveform element 1 to basic waveform element 4, where each basic waveform element includes a waveform that changes from a high level to a low level. That is to say, "10" (high level => low level) can be used as the basic waveform element of the start indicator, and correspondingly, the start indicator shown in Figure 17 can be represented as "10101010".

[0218] In some scenarios, due to clock or sampling skew, the second device may not always be able to start receiving the start instruction from its initial position. In such cases, the second device can initiate clock acquisition and PRDCH reception as soon as it receives any basic waveform element from the start instruction. For example, the second device can initiate clock acquisition and PRDCH reception if it detects any of the following: "10", "1010", "101010", or "10101010".

[0219] It should be noted that Figure 17 uses "10" as the basic waveform element for illustration. In this embodiment, the basic waveform element can also be "01" or "010", etc. Of course, in this embodiment, "1 (corresponding to high level)" or "0 (corresponding to low level)" can be used as the basic element. Typically, to improve the success rate of the second device in detecting the basic waveform element, "1" and "0" can be set as the time domain length of the basic waveform element.

[0220] In other implementations, the first signal may include multiple different basic waveform elements. When the start indication contains multiple basic waveform elements, the time-domain duration of each basic element may be the same, or the durations of different basic elements may not be exactly the same.

[0221] In other implementations, the basic waveform element is a low level with a duration of X. The start indicator may contain Y basic waveform elements, where Y ≥ X, X and Y are positive integers, and Y can be an integer multiple or a non-integer multiple of X. Accordingly, when the second device performs detection, it can initiate clock acquisition and PRDCH reception as long as it detects a basic waveform element with a duration greater than or equal to X.

[0222] The method embodiments of this application have been described in detail above with reference to Figures 1 to 17. The apparatus embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 18 to 20. It should be understood that the descriptions of the method embodiments correspond to the descriptions of the apparatus embodiments; therefore, any parts not described in detail can be referred to the preceding method embodiments.

[0223] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application. The communication device 1800 shown in Figure 18 is a first device, and the communication device 1800 includes: a transmitting unit 1810.

[0224] The transmitting unit 1810 is used to transmit a first signal to the second device. The first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, or multiple signal segments of the first signal correspond to one transmission opportunity. The first signal includes one of the following: a preamble; a conventional preamble; first indication information indicating the start of transmission of the second signal; and first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

[0225] In some implementations, the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, including different transmission opportunities among the multiple transmission opportunities, all of which are used to transmit the first signal.

[0226] In some implementations, the first signal includes multiple different signals, and the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission times, including different signals among the multiple signals corresponding to different transmission times among the multiple transmission times.

[0227] In some implementations, the plurality of signals are multiple signal segments of the first signal.

[0228] In some implementations, different signals among the plurality of signals carry different first indication information for indicating the start of transmission; and / or different signals among the plurality of signals carry different first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

[0229] In some implementations, the plurality of signals includes the preamble, and the plurality of signals includes one or more of the following: a first type of signal carrying the first indication information; and a second type of signal carrying the first indication information and the first information.

[0230] In some implementations, the plurality of signals includes one or more of the first type of signals and the second type of signals, wherein the second type of signals are later in the time domain than the one or more of the first type of signals.

[0231] In some implementations, the indices of the first signals corresponding to different transmission times among the plurality of transmission times are different, or the signal sequences of the first signals corresponding to some or all of the transmission times among the plurality of transmission times are different.

[0232] In some implementations, the signal waveforms of multiple signal segments of the first signal are determined based on one or more basic waveform elements.

[0233] In some implementations, the multiple basic waveform elements correspond to the same waveform, or the multiple basic waveform elements correspond to different waveforms.

[0234] In some implementations, the plurality of basic waveform elements correspond to the same waveform, and the waveforms corresponding to the plurality of basic waveform elements include waveforms that change between high and low levels.

[0235] In some implementations, the changing waveform includes a waveform that changes from the high level to the low level, or a waveform that changes from the low level to the high level.

[0236] In some implementations, the plurality of basic waveform elements correspond to different waveforms, including the waveform corresponding to the high level and the waveform corresponding to the low level.

[0237] In some implementations, each of the plurality of signal segments is used to indicate the start of transmission.

[0238] In some implementations, the first signal is the preamble, which corresponds to the physical channel used for R2D transmission.

[0239] In some implementations, the first signal includes the conventional preamble, the first information, and the first indication information, wherein the first indication information indicates the start of A-IoT data transmission and / or indicates the start of transmission of the first information.

[0240] In some implementations, the first indication information indicates the start of transmission of the first information and / or indicates the start of transmission of the physical channel used for R2D transmission.

[0241] In some implementations, the first indication information indicates the start of A-IoT data transmission, and / or indicates the start of transmission of the first information.

[0242] In some implementations, the first indication information and the first information are carried in a synchronization field, or the field carrying the first indication information is located before the field carrying the first information, and the field carrying the first indication information is adjacent to the field carrying the first information.

[0243] In some implementations, the first information is used for clock synchronization in R2D transmission, or the first information is used for clock synchronization between the AP and the STA.

[0244] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application. The communication device 1900 shown in Figure 19 is a second device, and the communication device 1900 includes: a receiving unit 1910.

[0245] The receiving unit 1910 is configured to receive a first signal sent by the first device, wherein the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, or multiple signal segments of the first signal correspond to one transmission opportunity; wherein the first signal includes one or more of the following: a preamble; a conventional preamble; first indication information indicating the start of transmission; and first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

[0246] In some implementations, the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, including different transmission opportunities among the multiple transmission opportunities, all of which are used to transmit the first signal.

[0247] In some implementations, the first signal includes multiple different signals, and the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission times, including different signals among the multiple signals corresponding to different transmission times among the multiple transmission times.

[0248] In some implementations, the plurality of signals are multiple signal segments of the first signal.

[0249] In some implementations, different signals among the plurality of signals carry different first indication information for indicating the start of transmission; and / or different signals among the plurality of signals carry different first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

[0250] In some implementations, the plurality of signals includes the preamble, and the plurality of signals includes one or more of the following: a first type of signal carrying the first indication information; and a second type of signal carrying the first indication information and the first information.

[0251] In some implementations, the plurality of signals includes one or more of the first type of signals and the second type of signals, wherein the second type of signals are later in the time domain than the one or more of the first type of signals.

[0252] In some implementations, the indices of the first signals corresponding to different transmission times among the plurality of transmission times are different, or the signal sequences of the first signals corresponding to some or all of the transmission times among the plurality of transmission times are different.

[0253] In some implementations, the signal waveforms of multiple signal segments of the first signal are determined based on one or more basic waveform elements.

[0254] In some implementations, the multiple basic waveform elements correspond to the same waveform, or the multiple basic waveform elements correspond to different waveforms.

[0255] In some implementations, the plurality of basic waveform elements correspond to the same waveform, and the waveforms corresponding to the plurality of basic waveform elements include waveforms that change between high and low levels.

[0256] In some implementations, the changing waveform includes a waveform that changes from the high level to the low level, or a waveform that changes from the low level to the high level.

[0257] In some implementations, the plurality of basic waveform elements correspond to different waveforms, including the waveform corresponding to the high level and the waveform corresponding to the low level.

[0258] In some implementations, each of the plurality of signal segments is used to trigger the received signal.

[0259] In some implementations, the first signal includes the preamble, which corresponds to a physical channel for R2D transmission.

[0260] In some implementations, the first signal includes the conventional preamble, the first information, and the first indication information, wherein the first indication information indicates the start of A-IoT data transmission and / or indicates the start of transmission of the first information.

[0261] In some implementations, the first indication information indicates the start of transmission for acquiring first information for clock synchronization and / or indicates the start of transmission for the physical channel used for R2D transmission.

[0262] In some implementations, the first indication information indicates the start of A-IoT data transmission, and / or indicates the start of transmission of the first information.

[0263] In some implementations, the first indication information and the first information are carried in a synchronization field, or the field carrying the first indication information is located before the field carrying the first information, and the field carrying the first indication information is adjacent to the field carrying the first information.

[0264] In some implementations, the first information is used for clock synchronization in R2D transmission, or the first information is used for clock synchronization between the AP and the STA.

[0265] In an optional embodiment, the transmitting unit 1810 may be a transceiver 2030. The communication device 1800 may also include a transceiver 2030 and a memory 2020, as shown in FIG20.

[0266] In an optional embodiment, the receiving unit 1910 may be a transceiver 2030. The communication device 1900 may also include a transceiver 2030 and a memory 2020, as shown in FIG20.

[0267] Figure 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application. The dashed lines in Figure 20 indicate that the unit or module is optional. This device 2000 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments. Device 2000 can be a chip, a terminal device, or a network device.

[0268] Apparatus 2000 may include one or more processors 2010. The processor 2010 may support apparatus 2000 in implementing the methods described in the preceding method embodiments. The processor 2010 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor. For example, the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU). Alternatively, the processor may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0269] The apparatus 2000 may also include one or more memories 2020. The memories 2020 store a program that can be executed by the processor 2010, causing the processor 2010 to perform the methods described in the preceding method embodiments. The memories 2020 may be independent of the processor 2010 or integrated into the processor 2010.

[0270] The device 2000 may also include a transceiver 2030. The processor 2010 can communicate with other devices or chips through the transceiver 2030. For example, the processor 2010 can send and receive data with other devices or chips through the transceiver 2030.

[0271] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a program. This computer-readable storage medium can be applied to a terminal or network device provided in this application, and the program causes a computer to execute the methods performed by the terminal or network device in various embodiments of this application.

[0272] This application also provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes a program. The computer program product can be applied to a terminal or network device provided in this application embodiment, and the program causes a computer to execute the methods performed by the terminal or network device in various embodiments of this application.

[0273] This application also provides a computer program. This computer program can be applied to the terminal or network device provided in this application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the methods performed by the terminal or network device in various embodiments of this application.

[0274] It should be understood that the terms "system" and "network" in this application can be used interchangeably. Furthermore, the terminology used in this application is only for explaining specific embodiments of the application and is not intended to limit the application. The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0275] In the embodiments of this application, the term "instruction" can be a direct instruction, an indirect instruction, or an indication of a relationship. For example, A instructing B can mean that A directly instructs B, such as B being able to obtain information through A; it can also mean that A indirectly instructs B, such as A instructing C, so B can obtain information through C; or it can mean that there is a relationship between A and B.

[0276] In the embodiments of this application, "B corresponding to A" means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined based on A. However, it should also be understood that determining B based on A does not mean that B is determined solely based on A; B can also be determined based on A and / or other information.

[0277] In the embodiments of this application, the term "correspondence" can indicate a direct or indirect correspondence between two things, or an association between two things, or a relationship such as instruction and being instructed, configuration and being configured.

[0278] In this application embodiment, "predefined" or "preconfigured" can be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information in the device (e.g., including terminal devices and network devices). This application does not limit the specific implementation method. For example, predefined can refer to what is defined in the protocol.

[0279] In this application embodiment, the "protocol" may refer to a standard protocol in the field of communication, such as the LTE protocol, the NR protocol, and related protocols applied to future communication systems. This application does not limit this.

[0280] In the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0281] In the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0282] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0283] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0284] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0285] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can read or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., digital video discs, DVDs) or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state disks, SSDs), etc.

[0286] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication, characterized in that, include: The first device sends a first signal to the second device, the first signal corresponding to multiple transmission opportunities, or multiple signal segments of the first signal corresponding to one transmission opportunity; The first signal includes one or more of the following: a preamble; a conventional preamble; first indication information indicating the start of transmission; and first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, including different transmission opportunities among the multiple transmission opportunities, all of which are used to transmit the first signal.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first signal includes multiple different signals, and the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, including different signals among the multiple transmission opportunities corresponding to different transmission opportunities.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The plurality of signals are multiple signal segments of the first signal.

5. The method as described in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The different signals among the plurality of signals carry different first indication information for indicating the start of transmission; and / or The different signals carry different first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

6. The method according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that, The plurality of signals includes the preamble, and the plurality of signals includes one or more of the following: The first type of signal carries the first indication information; The second type of signal carries the first indication information and the first information.

7. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The plurality of signals includes one or more of the first type of signal and the second type of signal, wherein the second type of signal is later in the time domain than the one or more of the first type of signal.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The indices of the first signal corresponding to different transmission opportunities among the multiple transmission opportunities are different, or The signal sequences of the first signal are different for some or all of the multiple transmission opportunities.

9. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal waveforms of multiple signal segments of the first signal are determined based on one or more basic waveform elements.

10. The method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The multiple basic waveform elements may correspond to the same waveform, or the multiple basic waveform elements may correspond to different waveforms.

11. The method as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The multiple basic waveform elements correspond to the same waveform, and the waveforms corresponding to the multiple basic waveform elements include waveforms that change between high and low levels.

12. The method as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The changing waveform includes a waveform that changes from the high level to the low level, or a waveform that changes from the low level to the high level.

13. The method as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The multiple basic waveform elements correspond to different waveforms, including the waveform corresponding to the high level and the waveform corresponding to the low level.

14. The method according to any one of claims 9-13, characterized in that, Each of the plurality of signal segments is used to indicate the start of transmission.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The first signal includes the preamble, which corresponds to the physical channel used for R2D transmission.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1-5 and 8-14, characterized in that, The first signal includes the conventional preamble, the first information, and the first indication information, wherein the first indication information indicates the start of A-IoT data transmission and / or indicates the start of the transmission of the first information.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The first indication information indicates the start of transmission of the first information and / or indicates the start of transmission of the physical channel used for R2D transmission.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The first indication information indicates the start of A-IoT data transmission, and / or indicates the start of transmission of the first information.

19. The method as described in claim 18, characterized in that, The first indication information and the first information are carried in a synchronization field, or The field carrying the first indication information is located before the field carrying the first information, and the field carrying the first indication information is adjacent to the field carrying the first information.

20. The method according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The first information is used for clock synchronization in R2D transmission, or the first information is used for clock synchronization between AP and STA.

21. A method for wireless communication, characterized in that, include: The second device receives a first signal sent by the first device, wherein the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, or multiple signal segments of the first signal correspond to one transmission opportunity. The first signal includes one or more of the following: a preamble; a conventional preamble; first indication information indicating the start of transmission; and first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

22. The method as described in claim 21, characterized in that, The first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, including different transmission opportunities among the multiple transmission opportunities, all of which are used to transmit the first signal.

23. The method as described in claim 21, characterized in that, The first signal includes multiple different signals, and the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, including different signals among the multiple transmission opportunities corresponding to different transmission opportunities.

24. The method as described in claim 23, characterized in that, The plurality of signals are multiple signal segments of the first signal.

25. The method as described in claim 23 or 24, characterized in that, The different signals among the plurality of signals carry different first indication information for indicating the start of transmission; and / or The different signals carry different first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

26. The method according to any one of claims 23-25, characterized in that, The plurality of signals includes the preamble, and the plurality of signals includes one or more of the following: The first type of signal carries the first indication information; The second type of signal carries the first indication information and the first information.

27. The method as described in claim 26, characterized in that, The plurality of signals includes one or more of the first type of signal and the second type of signal, wherein the second type of signal is later in the time domain than the one or more of the first type of signal.

28. The method according to any one of claims 21-22, characterized in that, The indices of the first signal corresponding to different transmission opportunities among the multiple transmission opportunities are different, or The signal sequences of the first signal are different for some or all of the multiple transmission opportunities.

29. The method as described in claim 21, characterized in that, The signal waveforms of multiple signal segments of the first signal are determined based on one or more basic waveform elements.

30. The method as described in claim 29, characterized in that, The multiple basic waveform elements may correspond to the same waveform, or the multiple basic waveform elements may correspond to different waveforms.

31. The method as described in claim 30, characterized in that, The multiple basic waveform elements correspond to the same waveform, and the waveforms corresponding to the multiple basic waveform elements include waveforms that change between high and low levels.

32. The method as described in claim 31, characterized in that, The changing waveform includes a waveform that changes from the high level to the low level, or a waveform that changes from the low level to the high level.

33. The method as described in claim 30, characterized in that, The multiple basic waveform elements correspond to different waveforms, including the waveform corresponding to the high level and the waveform corresponding to the low level.

34. The method according to any one of claims 29-33, characterized in that, Each of the plurality of signal segments is used to indicate the start of transmission.

35. The method according to any one of claims 21-34, characterized in that, The first signal includes the preamble, which corresponds to the physical channel used for R2D transmission.

36. The method according to any one of claims 21-25 and 28-34, characterized in that, The first signal includes the conventional preamble, the first information, and the first indication information, wherein the first indication information indicates the start of A-IoT data transmission and / or indicates the start of the transmission of the first information.

37. The method according to any one of claims 21-34, characterized in that, The first indication information indicates the start of transmission of the first information and / or indicates the start of transmission of the physical channel used for R2D transmission.

38. The method according to any one of claims 21-34, characterized in that, The first indication information indicates the start of A-IoT data transmission, and / or indicates the start of transmission of the first information.

39. The method as described in claim 38, characterized in that, The first indication information and the first information are carried in a synchronization field, or The field carrying the first indication information is located before the field carrying the first information, and the field carrying the first indication information is adjacent to the field carrying the first information.

40. The method according to any one of claims 21-34, characterized in that, The first information is used for clock synchronization in R2D transmission, or the first information is used for clock synchronization between AP and STA.

41. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device is a first device, comprising: The transmitting unit is used to transmit a first signal to the second device, wherein the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, or multiple signal segments of the first signal correspond to one transmission opportunity; The first signal includes one or more of the following: a preamble; a conventional preamble; first indication information indicating the start of transmission; and first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

42. The communication device as described in claim 41, characterized in that, The first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, including different transmission opportunities among the multiple transmission opportunities, all of which are used to transmit the first signal.

43. The communication device as described in claim 41, characterized in that, The first signal includes multiple different signals, and the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, including different signals among the multiple transmission opportunities corresponding to different transmission opportunities.

44. The communication device as described in claim 43, characterized in that, The plurality of signals are multiple signal segments of the first signal.

45. The communication device as described in claim 43 or 44, characterized in that, The different signals among the plurality of signals carry different first indication information for indicating the start of transmission; and / or The different signals carry different first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

46. ​​The communication device as described in any one of claims 43-45, characterized in that, The plurality of signals includes the preamble, and the plurality of signals includes one or more of the following: The first type of signal carries the first indication information; The second type of signal carries the first indication information and the first information.

47. The communication device as described in claim 46, characterized in that, The plurality of signals includes one or more of the first type of signal and the second type of signal, wherein the second type of signal is later in the time domain than the one or more of the first type of signal.

48. The communication device as described in any one of claims 41-47, characterized in that, The indices of the first signal corresponding to different transmission opportunities among the multiple transmission opportunities are different, or The signal sequences of the first signal are different for some or all of the multiple transmission opportunities.

49. The communication device as described in claim 41, characterized in that, The signal waveforms of multiple signal segments of the first signal are determined based on one or more basic waveform elements.

50. The communication device as described in claim 49, characterized in that, The multiple basic waveform elements may correspond to the same waveform, or the multiple basic waveform elements may correspond to different waveforms.

51. The communication device as described in claim 50, characterized in that, The multiple basic waveform elements correspond to the same waveform, and the waveforms corresponding to the multiple basic waveform elements include waveforms that change between high and low levels.

52. The communication device as described in claim 51, characterized in that, The changing waveform includes a waveform that changes from the high level to the low level, or a waveform that changes from the low level to the high level.

53. The communication device as described in claim 50, characterized in that, The multiple basic waveform elements correspond to different waveforms, including the waveform corresponding to the high level and the waveform corresponding to the low level.

54. The communication device as described in any one of claims 49-53, characterized in that, Each of the plurality of signal segments is used to indicate the start of transmission.

55. The communication device as described in any one of claims 41-54, characterized in that, The first signal includes the preamble, which corresponds to the physical channel used for R2D transmission.

56. The communication device as described in any one of claims 41-45 and 48-54, characterized in that, The first signal includes the conventional preamble, the first information, and the first indication information, wherein the first indication information indicates the start of A-IoT data transmission and / or indicates the start of the transmission of the first information.

57. The communication device as described in any one of claims 41-54, characterized in that, The first indication information indicates the start of transmission of the first information and / or indicates the start of transmission of the physical channel used for R2D transmission.

58. The communication device as described in any one of claims 41-54, characterized in that, The first indication information indicates the start of A-IoT data transmission, and / or indicates the start of transmission of the first information.

59. The communication device as described in claim 58, characterized in that, The first indication information and the first information are carried in a synchronization field, or The field carrying the first indication information is located before the field carrying the first information, and the field carrying the first indication information is adjacent to the field carrying the first information.

60. The communication device as described in any one of claims 41-54, characterized in that, The first information is used for clock synchronization in R2D transmission, or the first information is used for clock synchronization between AP and STA.

61. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device is a second device, including: A receiving unit is configured to receive a first signal sent by a first device, wherein the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, or multiple signal segments of the first signal correspond to one transmission opportunity. The first signal includes one or more of the following: a preamble; a conventional preamble; first indication information indicating the start of transmission; and first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

62. The communication device as described in claim 61, characterized in that, The first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, including different transmission opportunities among the multiple transmission opportunities, all of which are used to transmit the first signal.

63. The communication device as described in claim 61, characterized in that, The first signal includes multiple different signals, and the first signal corresponds to multiple transmission opportunities, including different signals among the multiple transmission opportunities corresponding to different transmission opportunities.

64. The communication device as described in claim 63, characterized in that, The plurality of signals are multiple signal segments of the first signal.

65. The communication device as described in claim 63 or 64, characterized in that, The different signals among the plurality of signals carry different first indication information for indicating the start of transmission; and / or The different signals carry different first information for obtaining clock synchronization.

66. The communication device as described in any one of claims 63-65, characterized in that, The plurality of signals includes the preamble, and the plurality of signals includes one or more of the following: The first type of signal carries the first indication information; The second type of signal carries the first indication information and the first information.

67. The communication device as described in claim 66, characterized in that, The plurality of signals includes one or more of the first type of signal and the second type of signal, wherein the second type of signal is later in the time domain than the one or more of the first type of signal.

68. The communication device as described in any one of claims 61-65, characterized in that, The indices of the first signal corresponding to different transmission opportunities among the multiple transmission opportunities are different, or The signal sequences of the first signal are different for some or all of the multiple transmission opportunities.

69. The communication device as described in claim 61, characterized in that, The signal waveforms of multiple signal segments of the first signal are determined based on one or more basic waveform elements.

70. The communication device as described in claim 69, characterized in that, The multiple basic waveform elements may correspond to the same waveform, or the multiple basic waveform elements may correspond to different waveforms.

71. The communication device as described in claim 70, characterized in that, The multiple basic waveform elements correspond to the same waveform, and the waveforms corresponding to the multiple basic waveform elements include waveforms that change between high and low levels.

72. The communication device as described in claim 71, characterized in that, The changing waveform includes a waveform that changes from the high level to the low level, or a waveform that changes from the low level to the high level.

73. The communication device as described in claim 70, characterized in that, The multiple basic waveform elements correspond to different waveforms, including the waveform corresponding to the high level and the waveform corresponding to the low level.

74. The communication device as described in any one of claims 69-73, characterized in that, Each of the plurality of signal segments is used to indicate the start of transmission.

75. The communication device as described in any one of claims 61-74, characterized in that, The first signal includes the preamble, which corresponds to the physical channel used for R2D transmission.

76. The communication device as described in any one of claims 61-65 and 68-74, characterized in that, The first signal includes the conventional preamble, the first information, and the first indication information, wherein the first indication information indicates the start of A-IoT data transmission and / or indicates the start of the transmission of the first information.

77. The communication device as described in any one of claims 61-74, characterized in that, The first indication information indicates the start of transmission of the first information and / or indicates the start of transmission of the physical channel used for R2D transmission.

78. The communication device as described in any one of claims 61-74, characterized in that, The first indication information indicates the start of A-IoT data transmission, and / or indicates the start of transmission of the first information.

79. The communication device as described in claim 78, characterized in that, The first indication information and the first information are carried in a synchronization field, or The field carrying the first indication information is located before the field carrying the first information, and the field carrying the first indication information is adjacent to the field carrying the first information.

80. The communication device as described in any one of claims 61-74, characterized in that, The first information is used for clock synchronization in R2D transmission, or the first information is used for clock synchronization between AP and STA.

81. A communication device, wherein the communication device is a first device, characterized in that, The device includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor. The memory stores a program, and the processor invokes the program in the memory and controls the transceiver to receive or transmit signals so that the communication device performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-20.

82. A communication device, wherein the communication device is a second device, characterized in that, The device includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor. The memory stores a program, and the processor invokes the program in the memory and controls the transceiver to receive or transmit signals so that the communication device performs the method as described in any one of claims 21-40.

83. An apparatus, characterized in that, Includes a processor for calling a program from memory to cause the device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-40.

84. A chip, characterized in that, Includes a processor for calling a program from memory, causing a device on which the chip is mounted to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-40.

85. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It contains a program that causes a computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-40.

86. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a program that causes a computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-40.

87. A computer program, characterized in that, The computer program causes the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-40.

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