Device and method for early detection of an overload in at least one electrical line
The early detection of electrical overloads in vehicle systems through a control unit and overcurrent protection device allows for intelligent consumer control, addressing inefficiencies in current systems by preventing thermal overloads and enabling lighter, less expensive designs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- FEP FAHRZEUGELEKTRIK PIRNA GMBH
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-04
AI Technical Summary
Current overload protection devices in vehicle electrical systems and power supply networks fail to detect impending overloads until high currents occur, leading to inefficient system design with excessive material and weight due to the need for large wiring to handle maximum currents, and there is no method to prevent fuse blowing.
An early warning system using a control unit and overcurrent protection device to detect impending overloads by calculating conductor temperature based on current flow, generating a warning signal to adjust consumer power consumption or shut it off proactively, allowing for smaller conductor cross-sections and intelligent consumer control.
Enables the design of lighter and less expensive electrical systems by preventing thermal overloads through early detection and proactive consumer management, reducing conductor sizes and avoiding shutdowns.
Smart Images
Figure EP2025062512_04062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] FEP Fahrzeugelektrik Pirna GmbH & Co. KG
[0002] P561 PCT
[0003] Device and method for the early detection of an overload of at least one electrical line
[0004] Description:
[0005] The invention relates to a device and a method for the early detection of an overload of at least one electrical line.
[0006] Overload protection devices for electrical wiring react to an impending overload by shutting down the circuit. This happens very quickly with very high currents, while with lower, but still excessive, currents, shutdown may only occur after seconds or minutes. Currently, there is no way to detect at the vehicle level that a fuse is about to blow, and therefore no way to control consumers in such a way as to prevent overloads and thus fuse blowing. Consequently, wiring in modern vehicle electrical systems is dimensioned so large that it can handle the maximum currents of all connected devices. This makes vehicle electrical systems heavy and expensive.
[0007] The vehicle electrical system is designed for maximum power outputs in the current state of the art, as there are no known methods to control consumers in such a way as to prevent overloading the electrical infrastructure. An analogous example is the power supply network, which will be needed to charge many electric vehicles in the future. If the vehicles are to be charged simultaneously, for example during rush hour, the supply networks will be overloaded. Only intelligent charging management can ensure that many vehicles can be charged safely, with staggered charging times or lower charging currents, despite the limited infrastructure.
[0008] The invention is therefore based on the objective of overcoming the aforementioned disadvantages and providing a device and a method for the early detection of an overload of at least one electrical line, whereby an interruption of a current flow through an electrical line due to thermal overload is avoided.
[0009] This problem is solved by the combination of features according to claim 1.
[0010] The basic idea of the invention is to generate an early warning signal in an electronic protection device that proactively warns that, given a certain current flow and optionally a certain ambient temperature, the current must be interrupted to protect the conductor. The warning time depends on the duration and intensity of the overcurrent events. Particularly with high current loads over extended periods (e.g., >1 s), the temperature rise of the cable can be calculated by an algorithm in a control unit, thus generating an early warning signal. The warning before reaching an overload can be used to actively control consumers, limiting their power consumption or temporarily switching them off completely. This intelligent consumer control then allows for the design of lower-power electrical systems, i.e., reducing conductor cross-sections and thus saving material and weight in the electrical system.
[0011] According to the invention, a device for the early detection of an overload of at least one electrical conductor is proposed, in particular a conductor and / or a conductor set of a wiring harness of a motor vehicle or a charging device for electric motor vehicles. The at least one electrical conductor is arranged in an electrically conductive manner between, in particular directly or indirectly, a power source, in particular a 12 V vehicle electrical system or a 48 V vehicle electrical system, preferably a battery and / or a generator and / or DC / DC converter, and at least one electrical load. Furthermore, an overcurrent protection device is provided for interrupting and / or reducing the flow of electrical current through the at least one electrical conductor. Additionally, a control unit is provided for controlling and / or regulating the at least one electrical load.Furthermore, a sensor is required to detect at least one line temperature T. n which at least has one line and / or one current intensity l n and / or a voltage U n in the at least one line provided or the line temperature of the at least one line and / or the current l n and / or the voltage U n The temperature in at least one line can be calculated using the control unit and / or the overcurrent protection device. The control unit and / or the overcurrent protection device are used to process the line temperature T. n and / or the current intensity l n and / or the voltage U n in at least one line. Furthermore, a threshold value C for the line temperature T is provided in the control unit and / or the overcurrent protection device. n, for early detection of an overload. Furthermore, if the threshold value C is exceeded, the impending overload can be detected by the control unit and / or the overcurrent protection device.
[0012] In a preferred embodiment, when the threshold value is exceeded, each of the at least one electrical load can be controlled and / or regulated by the control unit in such a way that the available electrical current for the corresponding electrical load can be adjusted. In particular, the line temperature of the at least one line is calculated using the detected electrical current by the control unit and / or the overcurrent protection device.
[0013] In an advantageous embodiment, the control unit contains a limit value for a maximum permissible line temperature TL, max for at least one line. Furthermore, if this limit value is exceeded, the electrical current flow through the at least one electrical line can be interrupted by means of the overcurrent protection device.
[0014] In an advantageous embodiment according to the invention, it is provided that an algorithm for processing the data is stored in the control unit and / or the overcurrent protection device, wherein:
[0015] This is T n the current line temperature, Ti_,max; the maximum permissible line temperature, T n-i is the line temperature from a previous calculation step; C is the threshold value. Alternatively, other reference values for the data processing algorithm are conceivable instead of temperature, in particular the current l. n and / or the voltage U n and / or an energy E n , wherein the energy stored in the line can preferably be calculated, for example, from the supplied electrical power and the amount of heat dissipated by release to the environment. In this way, the impending overload can be detected and / or determined by means of the current and / or the voltage and / or the energy.
[0016] The algorithm or control unit digitally calculates and / or measures the cable's temperature based on the current flow. For example, the change in cable temperature between calculation steps with a defined cycle time, and the absolute difference between the current cable temperature and the permissible maximum value, can be used to determine the risk of imminent overload. In the simplest case, this can be calculated by the ratio of the temperature change during the calculation step to the difference between the calculated cable temperature and the maximum value. If this ratio exceeds a predetermined threshold value C, a warning is triggered.
[0017] Alternatively or in addition to a corresponding "true" or "false" statement, an analogous warning value k can also be generated, which indicates how critical the temperature trend currently is, e.g.
[0018] Additional parameters, such as changes in ambient temperature, can be included in the calculation to meaningfully incorporate these values into the early warning. The current warning value can be read via a communication interface or an electrical connection pin and used for load control.
[0019] In a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the following applies to the threshold value C:
[0020] C — D * tSample-
[0021] Here, tAbsamst is a predetermined time interval (sampling rate in seconds) between individual calculation steps of the algorithm, and D is a constant dependent on at least one diameter of the electrical conductor, which in particular has a value in the range of 0.01 to 0.2. The sensitivity of the device's overload protection can be influenced and / or set via the threshold value C. The threshold value C is not arbitrarily set, but rather depends on at least one diameter of the electrical conductor due to the value D. In particular, the value D depends on a multitude of physical properties of the conductor and / or the environment and / or is adapted to these properties and / or takes these currently existing properties into account. A value D of 0.01, for example, is suitable for a thin conductor and a value of 0.2 for a thick conductor. In this way, the sensitivity of the device can be set and optimized.
[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the overcurrent protection device is an eFuse arranged on the at least one electrical line. The control unit is preferably a higher-level zone controller. Furthermore, the algorithm is preferably stored in the eFuse.
[0023] In an alternative embodiment, the overcurrent protection device is a simple electronic fuse or fuse arranged on at least one electrical line. The control unit is a load management unit. Furthermore, the algorithm is specifically stored in the load management unit.
[0024] In a further advantageous embodiment, additional sensors are provided for detecting the ambient temperature Tu. This allows the threshold value to be determined and / or set / defined as a function of the ambient temperature.
[0025] Furthermore, a version is advantageous in which at least one consumer is a seat heater and / or an air conditioner and / or an electric window lifter and / or an exterior mirror heater and / or a steering wheel heater.
[0026] According to the invention, a method for the early detection of an overload of at least one electrical line is proposed, in particular a line and / or a line set of a wiring harness of a motor vehicle or a charging device for electric motor vehicles, with a device according to the preceding disclosure, in which at least the line temperature T is detected or calculated. n which at least one line and / or current intensity l n and / or the voltage U n in at least one line as well as processing the line temperature T n which is carried out via at least one line by means of the control unit and / or the overcurrent protection device. In this process, if the threshold value C is exceeded, an impending overload is detected and / or recognized and / or determined by means of the control unit and / or the overcurrent protection device.
[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the method, if the threshold value is exceeded, the respective electrical consumer of the at least one electrical consumer is controlled and / or regulated by the control unit by adjusting, in particular by reducing, the available electrical current for the corresponding electrical consumer in such a way that the line temperature is below the maximum permissible line temperature.
[0028] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, if the maximum permissible line temperature TL,max is exceeded, the electrical current flow through the at least one electrical line is interrupted by means of the overcurrent protection device.
[0029] In one embodiment, the invention provides that if the threshold value C is exceeded, the available electrical current lv for the corresponding at least one electrical consumer is dynamically adjusted and / or controlled.
[0030] Furthermore, a design is advantageous in which, if the threshold value C is exceeded, the corresponding electrical consumer of at least one electrical consumer is switched off based on a prioritization stored in the control unit, or the available electrical current lv for the corresponding consumer is reduced.
[0031] In a further advantageous embodiment, it is provided that if the threshold value C is undershot after a previous exceedance, the available electrical current lv for the corresponding at least one electrical consumer is increased by means of the control unit, preferably up to a maximum available electrical current Iv.max.
[0032] The subject matter of this patent relates in particular to the field of time-varying currents, preferably in the range of seconds to minutes, and the resulting heating and / or cooling processes of an electrical conductor, wherein preferably, and in particular essentially, T Kabei ~ fi(t) 2 German
[0033] The features disclosed above can be combined in any way, provided that this is technically possible and they do not contradict each other.
[0034] Other advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in the dependent claims or are described in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the figures. The figures show:
[0035] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device for the early detection of an overload of at least one electrical line; Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a further device for the early detection of an overload of at least one electrical line;
[0036] Fig. 3a shows a diagram of the time course of a conductor temperature, a current and an ambient temperature of an electrical conductor of a prior art overload protection device at constant ambient temperature;
[0037] Fig. 3b shows a diagram of the time course of a conductor temperature, a current and an ambient temperature of an electrical conductor of the device according to Figure 1 at constant ambient temperature;
[0038] Fig. 4a shows a diagram of the time course of a conductor temperature, a current and an ambient temperature of an electrical conductor of a prior art overload protection device with increasing ambient temperature;
[0039] Fig. 4b shows a diagram of the time course of a conductor temperature, a current intensity and an ambient temperature of an electrical conductor of the device according to Figure 1 with increasing ambient temperature;
[0040] Fig. 5 shows a diagram of the time course of a conductor temperature, a current intensity and an ambient temperature of an electrical conductor of the device according to Figure 1 with increasing ambient temperature;
[0041] Fig. 6 shows a diagram of the time course of a conductor temperature, current, and ambient temperature of an electrical conductor of the device according to Figure 1 at a constant ambient temperature. The figures are schematic examples. Identical reference numerals in the figures indicate identical functional and / or structural features.
[0042] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a device 1 for the early detection of an overload in at least one electrical conductor 10 of a motor vehicle's wiring harness. The at least one electrical conductor 10 is electrically conductive between a power source 11 of a 12 V or 48 V vehicle electrical system and at least one electrical load 2, 2'. Furthermore, a sensor 3 for detecting a conductor temperature T is shown. n which at least has a line 10 and / or a current strength l n and / or a voltage U nin at least one line (10). Furthermore, an overcurrent protection device 4 is provided for interrupting and / or reducing the flow of electrical current through the at least one electrical line 10. Additionally, a control unit 5 is provided for controlling and / or regulating the at least one electrical load 2, 2'. The control unit and / or the overcurrent protection device 4 are designed to handle the line temperature T. n and / or the electric current l n and / or the voltage U n For this purpose, a threshold value C for the line temperature T is set in the overcurrent protection device 4 and / or the control unit 5. n and / or the electric current l n and / or a voltage U nfor the early detection of an overload. Furthermore, if the threshold value C is exceeded, an impending overload can be detected by the control unit 5 and / or the overcurrent protection device 4. Additionally, if the threshold value C is exceeded, the respective current of at least one electrical load 2, 2' can be controlled and / or regulated by the control unit 5 such that an available electrical current lv,v for the corresponding electrical load 2, 2' can be adjusted. Alternatively, the line temperature can also be detected, in particular based on the current l. n and / or the voltage U nin which at least one line 10 is calculated by means of the control unit 5 and / or the overcurrent protection device 4. Furthermore, a limit value G for a maximum permissible line temperature TL, max is stored in the control unit 5 for at least one line 10. If the limit value G is exceeded, the electrical current flow through the at least one electrical line 10 can be interrupted by means of the overcurrent protection device 4.
[0043] Furthermore, an algorithm for processing the data is stored in the overcurrent protection device 4, whereby the following applies:
[0044] This is T n the current line temperature, TL, max the maximum permissible line temperature, T n -i is a line temperature from a previous calculation step; C is the threshold value.
[0045] Furthermore, the following applies to threshold C:
[0046] C =D tAbtast, where tAbtast is a predetermined time interval (sampling rate in seconds) between individual calculation steps of the algorithm and D is a constant dependent on at least one diameter of the electrical conductor, which in particular has a value in the range of 0.01 and 0.2.
[0047] Furthermore, the overcurrent protection device 4 is an eFuse fuse arranged on at least one electrical line 10, and the control unit 5 is a higher-level zone controller. The algorithm is stored in the eFuse fuse.
[0048] Furthermore, a further sensor 31 is designed to detect an ambient temperature Tu, whereby the ambient temperature Tu is taken into account when determining and / or setting the threshold value C.
[0049] The at least one consumer 2, 2' is, for example, a seat heater and / or an air conditioner and / or an electric window lifter and / or an exterior mirror heater and / or a steering wheel heater.
[0050] Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a further device 1 for overload protection of at least one electrical line 10.
[0051] Since the device shown in Figure 2 essentially has the same features as the device in Figure 1, only the different features will be discussed below.
[0052] In this embodiment, the overcurrent protection device 4 is a simple electronic fuse or fuse arranged on at least one electrical line 10. Furthermore, the control unit 5 is a load management unit in which the algorithm is stored.
[0053] The control unit 5 is used to process the line temperature T. nand / or the electric current l n trained. Furthermore, the control unit 5 contains a threshold value C for the line temperature T. n and / or the electric current I and / or the voltage U n for the early detection of an overload. Furthermore, if the threshold value C is exceeded, a respective one of the at least one electrical consumer 2, 2' can be controlled and / or regulated by the control unit 5 in such a way that an available electrical current lv for the corresponding one of the at least one electrical consumer 2, 2' can be adjusted.
[0054] Furthermore, the control unit 5 contains an algorithm for processing the data, whereby the following applies:
[0055] This is T n the current line temperature, TL, max the maximum permissible line temperature, T n-i is a line temperature from a previous calculation step and C is the threshold value. Figure 3a shows a graph of a line temperature T over time. n a current intensity l n and an ambient temperature Tu of an electrical line of a prior art overload protection device at constant ambient temperature Tu.
[0056] In this case, 43 A on a line at an ambient temperature of 23 °C leads to a thermal overload of the electrical line and therefore to an interruption of current flow due to the fuse.
[0057] Figure 3b shows a diagram of the time course of a conductor temperature T. n a current intensity l n and an ambient temperature Tu of the electrical line 10 used in Figure 3a with the device 1 according to Figure 1 at constant ambient temperature Tu.
[0058] The method for overload protection of the electrical line 10 with the device 1 according to Figure 1 is used, in which at least the electric current I in the at least one line 10 and the line temperature T are detected, determined or calculated. n which at least one line 10 is connected by means of the sensor 3 and which processes the electrical current l determined by the sensor 3 n in at least one line 10 and the line temperature T n which is done via at least one line 10 of the overcurrent protection device 4.
[0059] If the threshold value C is exceeded, an impending overload is detected and / or determined by the control unit 5 and / or the overcurrent protection device 4. Furthermore, the respective current of at least one electrical load 2, 2' is controlled and / or regulated by the control unit 5 by adjusting, in particular by reducing, the available electrical current lv for the corresponding electrical load 2, 2' such that the line temperature T n below the maximum permissible line temperature TL, max. Furthermore, if the threshold value C is exceeded, the available electrical current lv for the corresponding at least one electrical consumer 2, 2' is dynamically adjusted and / or regulated.
[0060] Furthermore, if the maximum permissible line temperature TL, max is exceeded, the electrical current flow through at least one electrical line 10 is interrupted by means of the overcurrent protection device 4 (not shown or according to Figure 3a).
[0061] As shown in Figure 3b, a warning signal was generated in the overcurrent protection device 4 due to an exceedance of the threshold value C, indicating an impending shutdown. As shown in Figure 3b, 43 A in the electrical line 10 leads to heating. Due to the exceedance, the available electrical current lv is adjusted, in particular dynamically, and / or regulated and / or reduced, or the load for the corresponding load 2, 2' is reduced to 40 A, thereby preventing a shutdown, particularly due to the warning signal.
[0062] Figure 4a shows a diagram of the time course of a conductor temperature, a current and an ambient temperature of an electrical conductor of a prior art overload protection device as the ambient temperature increases.
[0063] Figure 4a shows that an otherwise permissible current of 40 A on line 10 leads to a thermal overload of line 10 and therefore to switching off by the overcurrent protection device when the ambient temperature Tu increases.
[0064] Figure 4b shows a diagram of a time course of a conductor temperature T. n a current intensity l nand an ambient temperature Tu of an electrical conductor 10 of the device 1 according to Figure 1 as the ambient temperature Tu increases. The method for overload protection of the electrical conductor 10 with the device 1 according to Figure 1 and according to Figure 3 is used. According to Figure 4b, due to an exceedance of the threshold value C, a "warning signal" was generated in the overcurrent protection device 4, which indicates an impending shutdown at an early stage.
[0065] Due to the exceedance or the "warning signal" at a further increasing ambient temperature Tu, the available electrical current lv is adjusted and / or regulated and / or reduced multiple times, particularly dynamically, or the load is reduced multiple times for the corresponding consumer 2, 2' from 40 A to 35 A, to 30 A and to 25 A, thereby increasing the line temperature T nkept within a permissible range and, in particular due to the warning signal, a shutdown was avoided.
[0066] Figure 5 shows another diagram of a time course of a line temperature T. n a current intensity l n and an ambient temperature Tu of an electrical line 10 of the device 1 according to Figure 1 at increasing ambient temperature Tu, in which, according to Figure 4b, the method for the early detection of an overload of the electrical line 10 with the device 1 according to Figure 1 and according to Figure 3 is used. According to Figure 5, due to each exceedance of the threshold value C, a “warning signal” was generated in the overcurrent protection device 4, which indicates an impending shutdown at an early stage.
[0067] Due to the exceedance or "warning signal" at a further increasing ambient temperature Tu, multiple adjustments and / or reductions of the available electrical current lv or multiple load reductions for the corresponding consumer 2, 2' occur, thereby reducing the line temperature T nwithin a permissible range, and shutdown was avoided, particularly due to the warning signal. In this embodiment, the ambient temperature Tu of line 10 in the interior of a motor vehicle is -10°C at departure and +23°C after heating. The consumer 2 is a seat heater in the motor vehicle. Initially, the seat heater is set to maximum heating. The auxiliary heater of, for example, an electric vehicle uses a maximum of 50 A. For this reason, the electrical line 10 heats up, but at the same time, the ambient temperature Tu in the vehicle interior also rises. Consequently, the threshold value C is exceeded, and derating, or a reduction in heating power, occurs with increasing line temperature T. n and / or interior temperature or ambient temperature Tu. In this way, the wiring harness or the corresponding electrical line can be dimensioned 10 times smaller.
[0068] Figure 6 shows a diagram of the time course of a conductor temperature T. n an electrical conductor 10 of the device 1 according to figure 1 at a constant ambient temperature Tu with a current I and an ambient temperature Tu.
[0069] The method described above for the early detection of an overload of the electrical line 10 is used with the device 1 according to Figure 1. The ambient temperature Tu is 10 °C. One window of the vehicle and the exterior mirrors are frozen in winter. First, an exterior mirror heater is switched on. In parallel, an electric window regulator is activated, which, however, has a high current requirement because the window is frozen.
[0070] According to the inventive method, if the threshold value C is exceeded, the corresponding electrical consumer 2, 2' is switched off based on a prioritization stored in the control unit 5, or the available electrical current lv for the corresponding consumer 2, 2' is reduced. In this case, the available electrical current lv for the exterior mirror is reduced from 30 A to 10 A. This reduces the line temperature T. nFurthermore, in this process, if the threshold value C is undershot after a previous exceedance, the available electrical current lv for the corresponding at least one electrical consumer 2, 2' is increased by means of the control unit 5, preferably up to a maximum available electrical current Iv.max. As shown in Figure 6, after the electric window regulator is switched off, the current is again regulated to the maximum available electrical current lv,max of 30 A.
[0071] Consequently, due to the method according to the invention, the exterior mirror heating is temporarily reduced or switched off during the opening of the window by means of the electric window lifter, but a complete shutdown or interruption of the current flow through the electrical line is prevented.
[0072] The invention is not limited in its implementation to the preferred embodiments specified above. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable which make use of the solution presented even in fundamentally different designs.
Claims
Patent claims 1. Device (1) for the early detection of an overload of at least one electrical conductor (10), wherein the at least one electrical conductor (10) is arranged to be electrically conductive between a power source (11) and at least one electrical load (2, 2'), wherein an overcurrent protection device (4) is provided for interrupting and / or reducing an electrical current flow through the at least one electrical conductor (10), wherein a control unit (5) is provided for controlling and / or regulating the at least one electrical load (2, 2'), and wherein a sensor (3) is provided for detecting at least one conductor temperature (T). n ) of at least one line (10) and / or a current (l) n ) and / or a voltage (U n ) in which at least one line (10) is provided or the line temperature (T n ) of at least one line (10) and / or the current (In) and / or the voltage (U)n ) in which at least one line (10) can be calculated by means of the control unit (5) and / or the overcurrent protection device (4), wherein the control unit (5) and / or the overcurrent protection device (4) are used to process the line temperature (T n ) and / or the current (l n ) and / or the voltage (U n ) is designed, wherein a threshold value (C) for the line temperature (T) is provided in the control unit (5) and / or the overcurrent protection device (4). n ) and / or the current (l n ) and / or the voltage (U n ) is stored for the early detection of an impending overload, whereby if the threshold value (C) is exceeded the impending overload can be detected and / or determined by means of the control unit (5) and / or the overcurrent protection device (4).
2. Device (1) according to claim 1, wherein, upon exceeding the threshold value (C), a respective one of the at least one electrical consumer (2, 2') can be controlled and / or regulated by means of the control unit (5) such that an available electrical current intensity (lv) is adaptable for the corresponding of at least one electrical consumer (2, 2').
3. Device (1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a limit value (G) for a maximum permissible line temperature (Ti_,max) of the at least one line (10) is stored in the control unit (5), wherein if the limit value (G) is exceeded, the electrical current flow through the at least one electrical line (10) can be interrupted by means of the overcurrent protection device (4).
4. Device (1) according to claim 3, wherein an algorithm for processing the data is stored in the control unit (5) and / or the overcurrent protection device (4), wherein: where T n the current line temperature (T n ), Ti_,max the maximum permissible line temperature (Ti.max), T n -i a line temperature (T n -i) of a previous calculation step; C is the threshold (C).
5. Device (1) according to claim 4, wherein the threshold (C) is: C = D tAbtast where tAbtast is a predetermined time interval (sampling rate in seconds) between individual calculation steps of the algorithm and D is a constant dependent on at least one diameter of the electrical conductor (10), which in particular has a value in the range of 0.01 and 0.
2.
6. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the overcurrent protection device (4) is an eFuse arranged on the at least one electrical line (10), wherein the control unit (5) is preferably a higher-level zone controller, in particular the algorithm is stored in the eFuse fuse.
7. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, wherein the overcurrent protection device (4) is a simple electronic fuse or fuse arranged on the at least one electrical line (10), wherein the control unit (5) is a load management unit, wherein in particular the algorithm is stored in the load management unit.
8. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein further sensor technology (31) is provided for detecting an ambient temperature (Tu).
9. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one consumer (2, 2') is a seat heater and / or an air conditioner and / or an electric window lifter and / or an exterior mirror heater and / or a steering wheel heater.
10. Method for the early detection of an overload of at least one electrical line (10), in particular a line and / or a wiring harness of a motor vehicle or a charging device for electric motor vehicles, with a device according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps: a. Detecting or calculating at least the line temperature (T n ) of at least one line (10) and / or the current (In) and / or the voltage (U) n ) in at least one line (10); b. Processing the line temperature (T n ) of at least one line (10) and / or the current (l n ) and / or the span- nung (U n) in at least one line (10) by means of the control unit (5) and / or the overcurrent protection device (4); wherein, if the threshold value (C) is exceeded, an impending overload is detected and / or recognized and / or determined by means of the control unit (5) and / or the overcurrent protection device (4).
11. Method according to claim 10, wherein, when the threshold value (C) is exceeded, a respective one of the at least one electrical consumer (2, 2') is controlled and / or regulated by the control unit (5) by adjusting, in particular by reducing, the available electrical current (lv) for the corresponding one of the at least one electrical consumer (2, 2') such that the line temperature (T n ) below the maximum permissible line temperature (TL, max).
12. Method according to one of claims 11, wherein, when the threshold value (C) is exceeded, the available electrical current (lv) for the corresponding at least one electrical consumer (2, 2') is dynamically adjusted and / or controlled.
13. Method according to one of claims 11 or 12, wherein, when the threshold value (C) is exceeded, the corresponding electrical consumer (2, 2') is switched off or the available electrical current (lv) for the corresponding consumer is reduced based on a prioritization stored in the control unit (5).
14. Method according to claims 11 to 13, wherein, when the threshold value (C) is undershot after a previous exceedance, the available electric current (lv) for the corresponding of the at least one electrical consumer (2, 2') is increased by means of the control unit (5), preferably up to a maximum available electrical current (lv, max)-