Assembly piece for industrial construction of a building and assembly method

Abstract

The invention describes an assembly piece for constructing buildings, which is a plate bent such that it forms a vertical part, which is immersed in the concrete of a slab, and a horizontal part with a cylinder passing therethrough and welded close to the free end thereof, the cylinder being of equal length on both sides of the horizontal part and being designed such that the lower part thereof penetrates holes in the upper face of a lower panel of a prefabricated concrete enclosure, while the upper part penetrates holes in the lower face of an upper panel of the prefabricated concrete enclosure.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] ASSEMBLY PIECE FOR INDUSTRIALIZED CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING AND ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE.

[0003] Description

[0004] This descriptive report refers, as its title indicates, to a mounting component that does not require mechanical means for its fixation because it is inserted into the concrete slab before it is poured. Once the concrete has been poured and cured, the component is firmly fixed to the slab and allows for the vertical assembly of prefabricated concrete cladding panels, free of structural loads.

[0005] Background of the invention

[0006] Currently in the building sector, multiple systems of prefabricated concrete walls are being developed as enclosures, and associated with this, multiple systems of assembly to the building structure.

[0007] An example is in document ES2981808, which describes an industrialized ventilated facade system for buildings mounted to the slab, in which the elements for fixing to the slab consist of brackets screwed to the slab.

[0008] Document ES2460390 refers to a system of prefabricated panels for ventilated facades and anchoring elements for attaching the panels to the floor slab. In this document, the anchoring elements consist of metal brackets fixed to the floor slab. Once the prefabricated walls are positioned on the slab, they are secured to the brackets with screws.

[0009] As can be seen in the previous documents, the fastening means are either independent pieces attached to the structure by mechanical means or elements inserted into the prefabricated concrete enclosure panel itself. The proposal that is the subject of this patent goes beyond what is known in the prior art and presents an independent piece that sits on the concrete cover layer, becoming fixed once the concrete has cured. This piece, which guides and joins the lower and upper panels, allows for the precise clearances and tolerances necessary for these enclosures to be 100% free of structural loads. Furthermore, it does not require any mechanical means for its placement and fastening.

[0010] Description of the invention

[0011] The assembly piece for industrialized building construction is a key element for guiding and vertically assembling prefabricated concrete enclosure panels that are free of structural loads.

[0012] This mounting piece is constructed from a folded plate, preferably rectangular, although other geometric shapes may be considered in the future. This folded plate, in its vertical section, has a cut at the lower end, dividing the surface in two and allowing each section to be folded in one direction to form a double tab. On the horizontal section of this plate, at the end opposite the fold, a through-hole is drilled into which a cylindrical rod is inserted and welded. Half of the rod's length protrudes above the upper face, and the other half below the lower face of the horizontal section of the plate. The upper and lower free ends of this cylindrical rod are tapered to facilitate their insertion into the internal holes of the vertical metal profile inside the precast concrete enclosure panel.

[0013] Inside the prefabricated concrete enclosure panel are specially designed profiles that guide and secure the panels vertically and horizontally. The design of these profiles creates holes inside the panel, both at the base and on the top surface, into which the cylindrical rod of the mounting piece is inserted.

[0014] The assembly and construction process with this piece, which requires no mechanical means or tools, is simplified in an amazing way as described below.

[0015] Construction begins with a concrete slab or foundation on the ground, upon which metal base plates are placed for support and leveling. These metal base plates serve as a reference and guide for the placement and assembly of the first layer of precast concrete cladding panels. These panels are braced to ensure they are vertically fixed. The first floor of the building's concrete structure is then erected, including its columns and slab, which is covered with a layer of concrete. Before pouring this concrete layer, the previously described mounting pieces are inserted into the through-holes on the upper face of the precast concrete cladding panels. Once inserted, the pieces are tacked onto a weld to prevent them from floating or shifting during the concrete pour.Once the concrete has been poured, the vertical part of the folded plate will be embedded in the slab, while the horizontal part will remain on top of the concrete layer.

[0016] Once the mounting piece is fixed and settled on the concrete layer of the slab, the lower face of the horizontal part of the folded plate is at a distance of between 8-20mm from the upper face of the lower prefabricated concrete enclosure panel. A self-adhesive elastic strip is placed between the lower face of the plate and the upper face of the lower enclosure panel.

[0017] Once the concrete has cured, the mounting bracket is fixed to the floor slab, and the panel remains in its vertical position next to the slab of the floor above, free from contact since the mounting bracket allows sufficient clearance for the cladding panel. This ensures the panel is free from any potential structural loads. Once the mounting bracket is fixed to the slab, the props supporting the panel can be removed.

[0018] The next floor follows the same process; a crane lifts the panels for the next floor, guiding them until the holes on the underside align with the upper half of the cylindrical bar protruding from the mounting plate. The upper panel then rests on the plate and is perfectly aligned vertically with the lower panel. Once positioned correctly, the panel is secured with struts, and construction of the next floor slab begins. Before pouring the concrete, the fixing pieces are installed in the same manner as described above, welded in place, and this process is repeated throughout the construction of each floor of the building.

[0019] The mounting piece is originally made of steel. Manufacturing this mounting piece from a high-strength polymer using a single mold can also be considered.

[0020] Finally, it should be emphasized that the assembly of this piece is free of mechanical means for its fixing.

[0021] All information relating to examples or modes of embodiment forms part of the description of the invention.

[0022] Description of the figures

[0023] To better understand the object of the present invention, a preferred practical embodiment thereof has been represented in the attached drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the mounting piece.

[0025] Figure 2 shows a side view of the mounting piece inserted into the slab (5) and inserted into the lower panel (6b) of prefabricated concrete enclosure and the upper enclosure panel (6a) of prefabricated concrete enclosure.

[0026] Preferred embodiment of the invention

[0027] The assembly piece for industrialized building construction, the subject of the present invention, is shown in Figure 1 in a perspective view. The folded plate (1), or base, is preferably a rectangular piece folded at 90°, dividing into two parts: a vertical part (3) and a horizontal part (2), according to their position once installed. A cut perpendicular to the lower face of the vertical part (3) is made at its lower end, dividing it in two. Each of these divisions is folded in opposite directions, resulting in two tabs (4) oriented in opposite directions. A through-hole is drilled at the free end of the horizontal part (2), near the edge, to insert a cylindrical rod (12) and weld it to the plate (1) through the center of the cylindrical rod (12).The free ends (11) of this cylindrical bar are tapered to facilitate insertion into the holes of the lower and upper faces of the panels. The assembly piece for the industrialized construction of a building is shown in Figure 2, in a side view, as mounted between the prefabricated concrete cladding panels (6a and 6b). First, the lower prefabricated concrete cladding panel (6b) is positioned on a base plate (14) placed during the construction of the foundation slab (10), and the lower prefabricated concrete cladding panel (6b) is vertically fixed in place using struts.The structure of the next floor of the building, including its columns and floor slab (5), is erected. Before the concrete is poured onto the slab, the lower section of the cylindrical bar (12) is inserted into the upper hole (9) of the lower precast concrete panel (6b) and secured with a spot weld to prevent it from floating during the concrete pour. As the concrete is poured, the vertical part (3) is embedded in the concrete, while the horizontal part (2) remains on top. A gap of 8-20 mm is left between the underside of the horizontal part (2) and the lower precast concrete panel (6b), and a self-adhesive elastic strip (7) is placed between the two.Once the concrete has cured and the lower panel (6b) is fixed, a crane then positions the upper panel (6a) on top of the cylindrical bar (12), guiding it so that the cylindrical bar (12) penetrates the lower hole (8) of the upper precast concrete enclosure panel (6a). This assembly process is repeated on each floor of the building.

[0028] A person skilled in the technique will easily understand that they can combine features of different embodiments with features of other possible embodiments, provided that such a combination is technically possible.

Claims

CLAIMS 1 - Assembly piece for industrialized construction of a building, designed to be the assembly and fixing element to the floor slab (5) of the prefabricated concrete cladding panels of a building facade, characterized by comprising: -a folded plate (1) or base forming the piece in a vertical part (3) and a horizontal part (2), the vertical part (3) of the folded plate (1) being intended to be submerged in the forging (5), and the horizontal part (3) of the folded plate (1) being intended to be on top of the forging (5), -The free end of the vertical part (3), according to its placement, has a perpendicular cut on its lower edge, dividing two folds in opposite directions, forming two nails (4), -Near the free end of the horizontal part (2), there is a hole through which a cylindrical bar (12) is inserted and welded to the plate, which passes through the folded plate (1) in its horizontal part (2) protruding the same length on the surface of both faces, the lower section of the cylindrical bar (12) being intended to penetrate some upper holes of the lower panel (6b) of the prefabricated concrete enclosure and remain at a distance from it between 8 and 20mm, and the upper section of the cylindrical bar (12) to penetrate some lower holes of the upper panel (6a) of the prefabricated concrete enclosure. -a self-adhesive elastic band (7) on the underside of the horizontal part (2) of the folded plate (1). 2 - Assembly piece for industrialized construction of a building, according to previous claims characterized in that the folded plate (1) has a rectangular shape. 3 - Assembly piece for industrialized construction of a building, according to previous claims characterized in that the free ends (11) of the cylindrical bar (12) are conical. 4 - Assembly piece for industrialized construction of a building, according to previous claims, characterized in that this piece is made of steel. 5 - Assembly piece for industrialized construction of a building, according to previous claims, characterized in that this piece is manufactured from a high-strength polymer with a single mold.

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