Single vision contact lenses with add power in peripheral optic zone(s) to shift visual acuity performance to intermediate vergences, and related methods of design

Abstract

Single vision contact lenses that include an add power in an outer, peripheral optic zone(s) to shift visual acuity performance to intermediate vergences, and related methods of design. The add power incorporated in the outer, peripheral optic zone(s) of the contact lens has the effect of shifting peak visual acuity of the patient wearer to an intermediate vergence (e.g., >= 0.5 line visual acuity improvement at an intermediate vergence (i.e., 0.5 D to 2.0 D; e.g., 1.0 D to 1.6 D)), thus altering the closest distance focal point of the wearer to an intermediate vergence (reducing for myopic patients and slightly increasing for hyperopic patients as compared to a spherical lens) when focusing at near and intermediate distance objects. This improves intermediate vergence vision and with reduced vision fatigue, such as may occur from a persistent focus and re-focus on near distance objects causing persistent eye strain.

Description

SINGLE VISION CONTACT LENSES WITH ADD POWER IN PERIPHERAL OPTIC ZONE(S) TO SHIFT VISUAL ACUITY PERFORMANCE TO INTERMEDIATE VERGENCES, AND RELATED METHODS OF DESIGNFIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0001] The present application relates to contact lenses and methods of designing contact lenses with improved vision for non-presbyopic wearers by providing an additive power in an outer zone(s) of the contact lens that compensates for accommodation lag to improve visual acuity at intermediate vision with minimal tradeoff in far vision.BACKGROUND

[0002] Myopia or nearsightedness is a refractive defect of the eye in which light rays from an object are focused in front of the retina. Myopia occurs because the eyeball elongates along the optical axis or the contour of the comeal is too steep. A minus powered spherical lens can be utilized to correct myopia. Hyperopia or farsightedness is a refractive defect of the eye in which light rays from an object are focused behind the retina. Hyperopia occurs because the eyeball shortens along the optical axis, or the contour of the cornea is too flat. A plus powered spherical lens may be utilized to correct hyperopia. The spherical surfaces of both minus and plus powered spherical lenses are imperfect at refocusing the light rays from an object into an image. One aberration is known as spherical aberration (“SPHA”). Spherical aberration is typically measured in diopters (D) per squared millimeter (mm2) (D / mm2). Spherical aberration in a contact lens is introduced when the lens's curvature causes light rays to focus at different points. For example, Figure 1 is graph 100 illustrating curves 102-126 representing different spherical aberration (SA) for a plurality of contact lens with different base curvatures in the Y -axis in units of D / mm2as a function of a refractive power prescription in diopters (D) (SKU (D)) on the X-axis.

[0003] Spherical aberration reduces the quality of the image, because light rays from the object refracted from different radial locations of the lens refocus at different locations or foci along the optical axis, resulting in a blurred image. Astigmatism occurs when the cornea is not rotationally symmetric or when the crystalline lens is misaligned, resulting into two orthogonal image focal points. Astigmatism is usually caused by a non-rotationally symmetric corneal surface requiring either a minus powered or plus powered JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1lenses to be oriented on eye to correct for myopia or hyperopia. Orientation requires a means for lens rotational stability around a fixed axis on eye, typically achieved by thickness profiles located on the anterior surface of the lens periphery. Lenses correcting for astigmatism are commonly referred to as toric lenses. Multifocal lenses on the other hand are used to treat presbyopia and may also be toric lenses.

[0004] Like other curved refractive surfaces, the ocular system (including cornea, crystal lens, etc.) exhibits some SPHA. As a result, when myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, or presbyopia is corrected using soft contact lenses, the SPHAs of the soft contact lens and the cornea may combine in uncontrolled ways and may thereby diminish the visual acuity of the contact lens wearer. The back spherical surface of a contact lens designed to fit a patient’s anterior cornea surface as well as the front spherical surface designed with a particular power profile based on a refractive power prescription (i.e., SKU) to correct for refractive error can both introduce spherical aberration in the lens. Also, the difference between the refractive index of the contact lens material and the tear film or cornea can lead to uneven refraction of light, contributing to spherical aberration. As another example, in standard spherical lenses, light from the periphery tends to be over-focused, leading to blurred or distorted vision.

[0005] It may be desired to design a contact lens such that its spherical aberration compensates for the ocular spherical aberration to improve visual acuity and reduce distortion. Figure 2 is a graph 200 that illustrates ocular SPHA in ocular SPHA curve 202 on the Y -axis of an averaged model eye across a population as a function of a refractive power prescription in diopters (D) on the X-axis (SKU (D)), and spherical lens SPHA in lens SPHA curve 204 for a contact lens with a base curvature of 8.5 also as a function of refractive power prescription (SKU (D)). The SPHA value of averaged eye model was obtained based on clinical measurement of approximately 3,500 patients. As shown in Figure 2, the SPHA of the contact lens (shown in lens SPHA curve 204) is higher for both higher plus lens (for hyperopia patient) and minus lens (for myopia patients). As also shown in Figure 2, if the graph 200 is segmented such that the SPHA curve 204 is segmented into three (3) regions of higher minus SKU region 206 below -6.0 D, a lower minus SKU region 208 between -6.0 D and -1.0 D, and positive SKU region 210 above -1.0 D, a trend can be observed. In the higher minus SKU region 206, the spherical lens SPHA (shown in lens SPHA 204) overcompensates for the ocular SPHA (shown in ocular JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1SPHA curve 202) resulting in a non-optimized vision correction. In the lower minus SKU region 208, the spherical lens SPHA (shown in lens SPHA 204) roughly compensates for the ocular SPHA (shown in ocular SPHA curve 202) to achieve more optimized vision correction. In the positive SKU region 210, the positive spherical lens SPHA (shown in lens SPHA 204) in combination with the positive ocular SPHA (shown in ocular SPHA curve 202) resulting in a large amount of residual aberration that degrades vision correction.

[0006] U. S. Patent Application Publication No. 2023 / 0085523 Al entitled “Aspherical Lens Design With Power Dependent Spherical Aberration” discusses soft contact lenses that have power profiles incorporating different levels of spherical aberration dependent on the target spherical power to compensate for an average ocular spherical aberration in a wearer. Refractive power of a power profile for correction vision in a contact lens can be modified to incorporate spherical aberration to compensate for an average ocular spherical aberration in a wearer. In this manner, spherical aberration errors across the spherical power range may be reduced for the contact lens wearer to provide improved visual acuity as compared to a non-compensated spherical aberration spherical lens having the same base curve radius. However, there may be limits to the amount of spherical aberration that can be incorporated into such contact lenses to compensate for ocular spherical aberration without reducing vision. For example, adding power to a contact lens to introduce spherical aberration decreases depth of focus (DOF) in the wearer thus reducing vision when focused on shorter distance objects at nearer vergences (i.e., intermediate and near vergences).

[0007] Non-presbyopic wearers have accommodations that can offset a decrease in DOF when focusing on near distance objects. However, even non-presbyopic wearers have some accommodation lag that may not fully offset a reduced DOF. A nonpresbyopia patient / wearer refers to an individual who does not have presbyopia, meaning their natural crystalline lens is still flexible enough that it can be shaped by muscles in the eye to still focus on nearby objects without difficulty. In other words, the crystalline lens of the eye remains flexible and can change shape easily to focus on both near and distant objects. This, typically includes younger persons (e.g., under the age of 40). Thus, a presbyopic patient is someone experiencing presbyopia, a common, age-related condition that affects the ability to focus on close objects. It usually becomes noticeable in older JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1persons (e.g., aged 40 and older). Presbyopia occurs due to the gradual loss of flexibility in the natural crystalline lens of the eye. As the crystalline lens becomes stiffer, it cannot easily change shape to focus on nearby objects, a process known as accommodation. Symptoms of presbyopia include difficulty reading small print, especially in low light, needing to hold reading materials farther away to see clearly (“long-arm syndrome”), and eye strain or headaches after close work, like reading or using a phone. Treatment of presbyopia includes provide a refractive lens that includes an additional add power beyond a prescription power to correct for refractive error in a central optical zone of the lens. The additional add power compensates for lack of accommodation at nearer distance vision.

[0008] However, as the hardening of the crystalline lens is a gradual process over time, individuals that are deemed non-presbyopic may still experience some accommodation lag even though not deemed presbyopic from a clinical evaluation standpoint. Accommodation lag is a condition where the eye's focusing response (accommodation) is slower or less effective than needed to focus on near objects. This leads to slight blurriness or difficulty maintaining clear focus at close distances. This accommodation lag has the effect of uncompensated spherical aberration that increases their shortest distance focal point without eye strain. Thus, it is common for non-presbyopic wearers to incur visual fatigue from eye strain to compensate for accommodation lag due to frequent focusing and refocusing on near distance objects at near and intermediate distances, such as from prolonged use and viewing of a display on an electronic device (e.g., a computer screen or mobile device display). With wide use of such devices, people place these devices very close to their near vision focal points for extended periods of time. Further, people with less accommodation lag still have a closest distance focal point (e.g., 4 D) at which an object can be seen clearly without strain based on their DOF. Thus, focusing at vergences closing to a nearest focal point over an extended amount of time can be another source of visual fatigue regardless of any accommodation lag present.SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0009] Aspects disclosed herein include single vision contact lenses having an add power in a peripheral optic zone(s) to shift visual acuity (VA) performance to JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1intermediate vergences. Related methods of designing such contact lenses are also disclosed. The single vision contact lenses disclosed herein have a refractive power distribution according to a power profde that corrects ocular refractive error due to myopia or hyperopia. The contact lens may also include an introduced spherical aberration to compensate for ocular aberration for improved VA, which may come at a cost of reduced depth of focus (DOF). Even though non-presbyopia patients have good accommodation that may be able to overcome a reduction in DOF, the patient may still have some accommodation lag. That has the effect of uncompensated spherical aberration that increases the closest distance focal point (e.g., 4 diopters (D)) without eye strain. Thus, with wide use of such electronic devices that people place very close to their near vision focal points for extended periods of time, the constant focusing and refocusing by non-presbyopia patients having some accommodation lag between near and intermediate vergences can still cause vision fatigue from persistent eye strain. Even people with less accommodation lag have a closest distance focal point at which an object can be seen clearly without strain based on their DOF. Thus, focusing at vergences closing to a nearest focal point over an extended amount of time can be another source of vision fatigue regardless of any accommodation lag present.

[0010] In this regard, in exemplary aspects, to provide for improved near and intermediate distance vision for non-presbyopia lens wearers with reduced eye fatigue, single vision contact lenses are provided that include an add power in an outer, peripheral optic zone(s) to shift visual acuity peak performance to intermediate vergences (i.e., i.e., 0.5 D >= 2.0 D; e.g., 1.0 D - 1.6D). The add power is provided in the outer, peripheral optic zone(s) to magnify light received through the contact lens in areas of the wearer’s pupil at a larger radius, because it has been found that DOF is further reduced in large pupils (e.g., >= 4 millimeters diameter) over smaller pupils (e.g., <= 3 millimeters diameter). Pupil size can vary between patients and also be affected by the pupil miosis effect. Thus, by the add power being provided in the outer, peripheral optic zone(s), the add power provides a greater enhancement to VA of a patient wearer at larger pupil sizes when DOF may be further reduced requiring accommodation to overcome. The add power incorporated in the outer, peripheral optic zone(s) of the contact lens has the effect of shifting peak VA of the patient wearer to an intermediate vergence for an improved VA (e.g., >= 0.5 line visual acuity improvement at an intermediate vergence)), as JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1compared with a spherical lens. The add power incorporated in the outer, peripheral optic zone(s) of the contact lens reduces the closest distance focal point of the wearer to a nearer vergence for myopic patients and slightly increases the closest distance focal point for hyperopic patients, as compared with a spherical lens. This has the effect of improving intermediate vergence vision in non-presbyopia wearers and with reduced vision fatigue. For example, a non-presbyopia patient with a reduced DOF will incur eye strain to focus on near distance objects with the presence of some accommodation lag. Thus, a persistent focus and re-focus on near distance objects (e.g., such as due to tasks related to prolonged near distance viewing, such as reading or working with electronic displays, such as computer screens), will require persistent eye strain to focus and re-focus on near distance objects thus causing vision fatigue.

[0011] The add power incorporated into the outer, peripheral optic zone(s) of the contact lenses also provides a minimal tradeoff for far distance vision (e.g., <= 0.5 line reduction in VA), because the inner optic zone of the lens does not incorporate the add power. The contact lens is still optimized for correcting refractive error for far distance vision (i.e., a center distance lens). The magnitude (or amount) of add power being incorporated only into the peripheral optic zone(s) of the contact lens is optimized to shift peak VA for near and intermediate vergences without affecting fovea vision, thus having a minimal impact on far distance vision at far vergences (e.g., < 0.5 D).

[0012] Even if a non-presbyopia patient has less accommodation lag that can overcome or offset a reduced DOF in larger pupil size, the incorporation of the add power in the outer, peripheral optic zone(s) of the contact lens can still reduce their closest distance focal point of myopic patient wearers and slightly increases the closest distance focal point of hyperopic patient wearers, as compared to a spherical lens. The add power provides in essence a reserve power that provides the ability of myopic patient wearer to view even nearer vergence (i.e., intermediate and near vergence) objects with less eye strain, as needed or desired and optimize the peak VA performance of hyperopic patients to an intermediate vergence.

[0013] In an example, single vision myopic contact lenses that include an add power in an outer, peripheral optic zone(s) are provided that correct for myopic refractive error in myopia wearers that are considered non-presbyopic having no or little accommodation lag. These single vision contact lenses have a positive add power incorporated into the JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1peripheral optic zone(s) of the contact lenses to shift peak VA of the patient wearer to an intermediate vergence and thus reducing the closest distance focal point of the wearer to an intermediate vergence when focusing at near and intermediate distance objects. In another example, single vision contact lenses that include an add power in an outer, peripheral optic zone(s) are provided that correct for hyperopic refractive error in hyperopic wearers that are considered non-presbyopic having no or little accommodation lag. These single vision contact lenses have a negative add power incorporated into the peripheral optic zone(s) of the contact lenses to shift peak VA of the patient wearer from a nearer vergence to a slightly farther, intermediate vergence to improve intermediate vision. In this regard, in an exemplary aspect, a single vision contact lens for a nonpresbyopia patient is provided. The contact lens comprises a center axis and a central optic zone surrounding the center axis and extending a first radius from the center axis. The central optic zone comprises a central zone power profile comprises a corrective power as a function of radius from the center axis configured to correct refractive error of the wearer according to a lens label prescription power and a center spherical aberration (SPHA) profile. The contact lens also comprises an outer peripheral optic zone surrounding the central optic zone and extending from a second radius from the center axis greater than or equal to the first radius, to a third radius greater than the second radius from the center axis. The outer peripheral optic zone comprising an outer peripheral zone power profile comprises the central zone power profile and an ADD power profile. The second radius and the ADD power profile are selected based on a non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at a target intermediate vergence.

[0014] In another exemplary aspect, a method of designing the single vision contact lens described in the preceding paragraph. The method comprises determining the first radius of the central optic zone for which the ADD power is not to be provided in the contact lens to minimize visual disturbance. The method also comprises determining the central zone power profile of the central optic zone for the contact lens. The method also comprises determining the second radius and the ADD power profile based on a non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at the target intermediate vergence. The method also comprises determining the outer peripheral zone power profile.

[0015] Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the detailed description JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1that follows and, in part, will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the description or recognized by practicing the aspects as described in the written description and claims hereof, as well as the appended drawings.

[0016] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and are intended to provide an overview or framework to understand the nature and character of the claims.

[0017] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more aspects and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles and operation of the various aspects.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0018] The foregoing and other features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following, more particular descriptions of the aspects of the disclosure, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 is a graph illustrating exemplary spherical aberration (SPHA) in a plurality of contact lenses with different base curvatures as a function of a lens label power prescription in diopters (D) (SKU (D));

[0020] Figure 2 is a graph illustrating exemplary ocular SPHA of an averaged model eye across a population as a function of a refractive power prescription in diopters (D) (SKU (D)), and spherical lens SPHA for a contact lens also as a function of lens label power prescription in diopters (SKU (D));

[0021] Figure 3 is an exemplary single vision contact lens that has a central optic zone surrounded by a peripheral optic zone(s) that has an incorporated add power to balance depth of focus (DOF) from spherical aberration and shift visual acuity (VA) performance to intermediate vergences for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on nearer distance (i.e., intermediate and near vergence) objects with minimal tradeoff in far distance vision;

[0022] Figure 4 is a graph illustrating exemplary power profdes for single vision myopic -correcting and hyperopic-correcting contact lenses that include a refractive power according to a lens label power prescription as a function of radius from center and a JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1peripheral optic zone(s) that has an incorporated add power to balance DOF from spherical aberration and shift VA performance to intermediate vergences for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on nearer distance objects with minimal tradeoff in far distance vision;

[0023] Figures 5A and 5B are exemplary power profile equations for an exemplary power profile provided in a single vision contact lens that has an central optic zone surrounded by a peripheral optic zone(s) that has an incorporated add power to balance DOF from spherical aberration and shift VA performance to intermediate vergences for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on nearer distance objects with minimal tradeoff in far distance vision, such as the single vision contact lens in Figure 3;

[0024] Figures 6A-6H are graphs illustrating visual acuities as function of vergence for exemplary myopic-correcting single vision contact lenses that have an central optic zone surrounded by a peripheral optic zone(s) that has an incorporated add power to balance DOF from spherical aberration and shift VA performance to intermediate vergences for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance objects with minimal tradeoff in far distance vision;

[0025] Figures 7A-7D are graphs illustrating visual acuities as function of vergence for exemplary hyperopic -correcting single vision contact lenses that have an central optic zone surrounded by a peripheral optic zone(s) that has an incorporated add power to balance DOF from spherical aberration and shift VA performance to intermediate vergences for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance objects with minimal tradeoff in far distance vision;

[0026] Figure 8 is an accommodation lag model illustrating accommodation lag for a range of vergences of a single vision, non-presbyopia patient population; and

[0027] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of designing a single vision contact lens that has a central optic zone surrounded by a peripheral optic zone(s) that has an incorporated add power to balance DOF from spherical aberration and shift VA performance to intermediate vergences for improved intermediate vergence vision to JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on nearer distance objects with minimal tradeoff in far distance vision.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Aspects disclosed herein include single vision contact lenses having an add power in a peripheral optic zone(s) to shift visual acuity (VA) performance to intermediate vergences. Related methods of designing such contact lenses are also disclosed. The single vision contact lenses disclosed herein have a refractive power distribution according to a power profile that corrects ocular refractive error due to myopia or hyperopia. The contact lens may also include an introduced spherical aberration to compensate for ocular aberration for improved VA, which may come at a cost of reduced depth of focus (DOF). Even though non-presbyopia patients have good accommodation that may be able to overcome a reduction in DOF, the patient may still have some accommodation lag. That has the effect of uncompensated spherical aberration that increases the closest distance focal point (e.g., 4 diopters (D)) without eye strain. Thus, with wide use of such electronic devices that people place very close to their near vision focal points for extended periods of time, the constant focusing and refocusing by non-presbyopia patients having some accommodation lag between near and intermediate vergences can still cause vision fatigue from persistent eye strain. Even people with less accommodation lag have a closest distance focal point at which an object can be seen clearly without strain based on their DOF. Thus, focusing at vergences closing to a nearest focal point over an extended amount of time can be another source of vision fatigue regardless of any accommodation lag present.

[0029] In this regard, in exemplary aspects, to provide for improved near and intermediate distance vision for non-presbyopia lens wearers with reduced eye fatigue, single vision contact lenses are provided that include an add power in an outer, peripheral optic zone(s) to shift visual acuity peak performance to intermediate vergences (i.e., i.e., 0.5 D >= 2.0 D; e.g., 1.0 D - 1.6D). The add power is provided in the outer, peripheral optic zone(s) to magnify light received through the contact lens in areas of the wearer’s pupil at a larger radius, because it has been found that DOF is further reduced in large pupils (e.g., >= 4 millimeters diameter) over smaller pupils (e.g., <= 3 millimeters diameter). Pupil size can vary between patients and also be affected by the pupil miosis JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1effect. Thus, by the add power being provided in the outer, peripheral optic zone(s), the add power provides a greater enhancement to VA of a patient wearer at larger pupil sizes when DOF may be further reduced requiring accommodation to overcome. The add power incorporated in the outer, peripheral optic zone(s) of the contact lens has the effect of shifting peak VA of the patient wearer to an intermediate vergence for an improved VA (e.g., >= 0.5 line visual acuity improvement at an intermediate vergence)), as compared with a spherical lens. The add power incorporated in the outer, peripheral optic zone(s) of the contact lens reduces the closest distance focal point of the wearer to a nearer vergence for myopic patients and slightly increases the closest distance focal point for hyperopic patients, as compared with a spherical lens. This has the effect of improving intermediate vergence vision in non-presbyopia wearers and with reduced vision fatigue. For example, a non-presbyopia patient with a reduced DOF will incur eye strain to focus on near distance objects with the presence of some accommodation lag. Thus, a persistent focus and re-focus on near distance objects (e.g., such as due to tasks related to prolonged near distance viewing, such as reading or working with electronic displays, such as computer screens), will require persistent eye strain to focus and re-focus on near distance objects thus causing vision fatigue.

[0030] The add power incorporated into the outer, peripheral optic zone(s) of the contact lenses also provides a minimal tradeoff for far distance vision (e.g., <= 0.5 line reduction in VA), because the inner optic zone of the lens does not incorporate the add power. The contact lens is still optimized for correcting refractive error for far distance vision (i.e., a center distance lens). The magnitude (or amount) of add power being incorporated only into the peripheral optic zone(s) of the contact lens is optimized to shift peak VA for near and intermediate vergences without affecting fovea vision, thus having a minimal impact on far distance vision at far vergences (e.g., < 0.5 D).

[0031] Even if a non-presbyopia patient has less accommodation lag that can overcome or offset a reduced DOF in larger pupil size, the incorporation of the add power in the outer, peripheral optic zone(s) of the contact lens can still reduce their closest distance focal point of myopic patient wearers and slightly increases the closest distance focal point of hyperopic patient wearers, as compared to a spherical lens. The add power provides in essence a reserve power that provides the ability of myopic patient wearer to view even nearer vergence (i.e., intermediate and near vergence) objects with less eye JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1strain, as needed or desired and optimize the peak VA performance of hyperopic patients to an intermediate vergence.

[0032] In this regard, Figure 3 is an exemplary single vision contact lens 300 that has an add power in a peripheral optic zone(s) to shift VA performance to intermediate vergences for patient wearers, and that is suited for non-presbyopia patient wearers. The contact lens 300 has a central optic zone 302 surrounded by a transitional peripheral optic zone 304, which is surrounded by an outer peripheral optic zone 306 in this example. For example, the contact lens 300 being a single vision lens can be intended for use and wear by a non-presbyopic patient that has no or a small amount of accommodation lag. As discussed in more detail below, the outer peripheral optic zone 306 and also optionally the transitional peripheral optic zone 304 incorporate an add power to balance DOF that may be reduced at a larger pupil size and / or from introduced spherical aberration to offset ocular aberration and shift VA performance to intermediate vergences for improved intermediate vergence vision of the patient wearer of the contact lens 300. For example, an intermediate vergence can be considered to be a vergence between 0.5 D to 2.0 D, such as a vergence between 1,0D to 1.6D. For example, 1.6D may be choose as a vergence to represent an intermediate vergence for designing contact lenses, including those disclosed herein. Shifting VA performance to intermediate vergences can provide reduced vision fatigue to a patient wearer of the contact lens 300 that may occur from accommodation lag present in a non-presbyopic patient wearer when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance objects with minimal tradeoff in far distance vision.

[0033] As shown in Figure 3, the contact lens 300 has a center axis C. The central optic zone 302 surrounds the center axis C and extends a first radius r₁ from the center axis C. The central optic zone 302 has a central zone power profile 308 that includes a corrective power 310 as a function of the first radius r₁. The corrective power 310 according to the central zone power profile 308 is configured to correct refractive error of a wearer of the contact lens 300 according to their lens label prescription power. For example, if the patient wearer of the lens is myopic having a lens label prescription power of -3.0 D, corrective power 310 of the central zone power profile 308 is configured to correct refractive error of -3.0 D. The central zone power profile 308 in this example also includes a central spherical aberration (SPHA) profile 312 that provides a SPHA in the central optic zone 302 to compensate for the ocular SPHA of the patient wearer (e.g., see JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1Figure 2). For example, the central SPHA profile 312 may be as described in U. S. Patent Application Publication No. 2023 / 0085523 Al entitled “Aspherical Lens Design With Power Dependent Spherical Aberration” incorporated hereby by reference in its entirety. U. S. Patent Application Publication No. 2023 / 0085523 Al discusses soft contact lenses that have power profiles incorporating different levels of spherical aberration dependent on the target spherical power to compensate for an average ocular spherical aberration in a wearer. However, there may be limits to the amount of spherical aberration that can be incorporated into the contact lens 300 to compensate for ocular spherical aberration without reducing vision. For example, adding spherical power in the central zone power profile 308 of the contact lens 300 can introduce spherical aberration decreases DOF in the wearer thus reducing vision when focused on shorter distance objects at intermediate vergences.

[0034] With continued reference to Figure 3, the exemplary contact lens 300 also includes the outer peripheral optic zone 306 that begins at a second radius r₂ larger than the first radius r₁ from the center axis C, surrounding both the transitional peripheral optic zone 304 and the central optic zone 302. In this example, the outer peripheral optic zone 306 extends from the second radius r₂ to a lens edge 314 of the contact lens 300 at a third radius r₃ from the center axis C of the contact lens 300. As discussed in more detail below, the outer peripheral optic zone 306 includes an outer peripheral zone power profile 316 that includes the central zone power profile 308 in this example and an ADD power profile 318 that includes an outer ADD power 320 as a function of the radius between the second radius r₂ and the third radius r₂. The outer ADD power 320 provided in the outer peripheral optic zone 306 magnifies light received in areas of the wearer’s pupil at a larger radius, because it has been found that DOF is further reduced in large pupils (e.g., >= 4 millimeters diameter) over smaller pupils (e.g., <= 3 millimeters diameter). In this regard, as an example, the second radius r₂ may be at least 2 millimeters (mm) (i.e., 4 mm diameter) based on determination of a larger pupil size that results in a sufficient decreased DOF to warrant the ADD power. As discussed in more detail below, the second radius r₂ and the ADD power profile 318 are selected based on an accommodation lag at a target intermediate vergence (e.g., between 1.0 D and 1.5D) for a non-presbyopia population in an accommodation lag model.JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1

[0035] Thus, by the outer ADD power 320 being present in the outer peripheral optic zone 306, the outer ADD power 320 provides a greater enhancement to VA of a wearer of the contact lens 300 at larger pupil sizes when DOF may be further reduced requiring accommodation to compensate. As discussed in more detail below, the outer ADD power 320 incorporated in the outer peripheral optic zone 306 has the effect of shifting VA performance of the patient wearer of the contact lens 300 to an intermediate vergence (e.g., >= 0.5 line visual acuity improvement at an intermediate vergence (i.e., 0.5 D to 2.0D; e.g., 1.0 D to 1.6 D)), thus reducing the closest distance focal point of a myopic patient wearer of the contact lens 300 to a nearer vergence when focusing at near and intermediate distance objects, and slightly increases the closest distance focal point for hyperopic patient wearers, as compared with a spherical lens. This has the effect of improving intermediate vergence vision in non-presbyopia wearers and with reduced vision fatigue. If the contact lens 300 is a myopic-correcting contact lens, the outer ADD power 320 has the effect of shifting peak VA to an intermediate vergence. If the contact lens 300 is a hyperopic -correcting contact lens, the outer ADD power 320 has the effect of shifting peak VA from a nearer vergence to an intermediate vergence. This has the effect of improving intermediate vergence vision in non-presbyopia wearers and with reduced vision fatigue. For example, a non-presbyopia patient with a reduced DOF will incur eye strain to focus on near distance objects with the presence of some accommodation lag. Thus, a persistent focus and re-focus on near distance objects (e.g., such as due to tasks related to prolonged near distance viewing, such as reading or working with electronic displays, such as computer screens), will require persistent eye strain to focus and re-focus on near distance objects thus causing vision fatigue.

[0036] The outer ADD power 320 according to the ADD power profile 318 incorporated into the outer peripheral optic zone 306 of the contact lens 300 also provides a minimal tradeoff for far distance vision (e.g., <= 0.5 line reduction in VA), because the central optic zone 302 does not incorporate the outer ADD power 320. The contact lens 300 is still optimized for correcting refractive error for far distance vision (i.e., a center distance lens). The magnitude (or amount) of ADD power 320 being incorporated in the outer peripheral optic zone 306 and not the central optic zone 302 of the contact lens 300 is optimized to shift peak VA for near and intermediate vergences without affecting fovea vision, thus having a minimal impact on far distance vision at far vergences (e.g., < 0.5 JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1D). Even if a non-presbyopia patient has less accommodation lag that can overcome or offset a reduced DOF in larger pupil size, the incorporation of the outer ADD power 320 in the outer peripheral optic zone 306 of the contact lens 300 can still reduce their closest distance focal point of the patient wearer for myopic patient wearers and slightly increases the closest distance focal point for hyperopic patient wearers, as compared with a spherical lens. The outer ADD power 320 provides in essence a reserve power that provides the ability of the patient wearer to view even nearer vergence objects with less eye strain, as needed or desired.

[0037] Also as shown in Figure 3, in this example, the contact lens 300 also includes the transitional peripheral optic zone 304 to provide a transition between the central optic zone 302 and the outer peripheral optic zone 306. The transitional peripheral optic zone 304 begins at a first radius r₁ from the center axis C of the contact lens 300 and extends to the second radius r₂ from the center axis C between the central optic zone 302 and the outer peripheral optic zone 306. The transitional peripheral optic zone 304 includes a transitional peripheral zone power profile 322 that includes the corrective power 310, a transitional SPHA profile 324, and atransitional ADD power profile 326. The transitional SPHA profile 322 and the transitional ADD power profile 326 are both a function of the radius between the first radius r₁ and the second radius r₂. The transitional SPHA profile 322 is based on an added SPHA 328 to compensate for ocular SPHA. The transitional ADD power profile 326 includes a transitional ADD power 330 that is a function of the radius from the center axis C between the first radius r₁ and the second radius r₂. As discussed below, the first radius r₁ and the transitional ADD power profile 326 are also selected based on an accommodation lag at a target intermediate vergence (e.g., between 1.0 D and 1.5D) for a non-presbyopia population in an accommodation lag model.

[0038] Both the first radius r₁ and the second radius r₂ may be selected together as part of a single design. For example, the first radius r₁ may be selected to be 1.5 mm (i.e., a 3 mm diameter) to avoid adding power within the central optic zone 302 to minimize visual disturbances in a central pupil area of the wearer of the contact lens 300, such as halos, which can negatively impact patient satisfaction. This can be based on Holladay et al.'s publication " The relationship of visual acuity, refractive error, and pupil size after radial keratotomy: Arch Opthalmol Voll09, 1991, 70-76,” incorporated herein by reference, which suggests that within a 3 mm pupil diameter, VA is a complex result of JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1diffraction and optical aberrations. As the pupil size increases beyond 3 mm diameter, optical aberrations dominate. To mitigate these effects and avoid introducing visual disturbances within the 3 mm diameter central optic zone 302, add power in the transitional ADD power profile 326 and ADD power profile 318 are present only beyond the first radius r₁ of the contact lens 300 this example.

[0039] Also, by the transitional ADD power profile 326 being present in the transitional peripheral optic zone 304, the transitional ADD power 330 of the transitional ADD power profile 326 is present between the first radius r₁ and the second radius r₂ along with the ADD power 320 in the outer peripheral optic zone 306 between the second radius r₂ and the third radius r₃. This provides an overall ADD power profile for the contact lens 300 beyond the first radius r₁ outside the central optic zone 302 to provide a greater enhancement to VA of a wearer at larger pupil sizes when DOF may be further reduced requiring accommodation to compensate, as discussed above.

[0040] Figure 4 is a power profile graph 400 illustrating exemplary power profiles 402 in diopters (D) (Y -axis) for single vision myopic-correcting and hyperopic -correcting contact lenses as a function of radius in mm (X-axis) that may be designed according to the exemplary contact lens 300 in Figure 3. The power profiles 402 are described with reference to the contact lens 300 in Figure 3. In this regard, the power profiles show how the ADD power 320 and transitional ADD power 330 provided in the respective outer peripheral optic zone 306 and transitional peripheral optic zone 304 shift VA performance of a patient wearer to intermediate vergences for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance objects with minimal tradeoff in far distance vision. The power profile graph 400 also shows exemplary power profiles 404 that do not include the ADD power in an outer peripheral zone for comparison purposes.

[0041] The power profile graph 400 illustrates three (3) myopia-correcting power profiles 402M(l)-402M(3) that can be provided in the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 to provide a myopia-correcting lens with respective lens label prescription powers of -3D, -6D, and -9D. In the myopia-correcting power profiles 402M(l)-402M(3), the central optic zone 302 between the center axis C and the first radius r₁ has a central zone power profile 308 with a corrective power according to its label prescription powers and an added central SPHA profile to compensate for ocular SPHA. In the transitional peripheral JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1optic zone 304 and outer peripheral optic zone 306, the myopia-correcting power profiles 402M(l)-402M(3) have the contribution of the respective transitional ADD power 330 and outer ADD power 320. In this example, the ADD power profile 318 in the myopiacorrecting power profiles 402M(l)-402M(3) is a positive ADD power in diopters and remains constant in the outer peripheral optic zone 306. This is opposed to alternative respective myopia-correcting power profiles 404M(l)-404M(3) for a spherical lens also for the same respective lens label prescription powers of -3D, -6D, and -9D that are not designed to shift VA performance from farther vergences to intermediate vergences. The respective alternative myopia-correcting power profiles 404M(l)-404M(3) are spherical power profiles that continue to have the contribution of a corrective power and added SPHA profile is a zone optic zone that extends from the center axis C to a lens edge causing the power to continue to reduce as a function of radius.

[0042] Similarly, the power profile graph 400 illustrates two (2) hyperopia-correcting power profiles 402H(l), 402H(2) that can be provided in the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 to provide a hyperopia-correcting lens with respective lens label prescription powers of +1D and +3D. In the hyperopia-correcting power profiles 402H(l), 402H(2), the central optic zone 302 between the center axis C and the first radius r₁ has a central zone power profile 308 with a corrective power according to its label prescription powers and an added central SPHA profile to compensate for ocular SPHA. In the transitional peripheral optic zone 304 and outer peripheral optic zone 306, the hyperopia-correcting power profiles 402H( 1 ), 402H(2) have the contribution of the respective transitional ADD power 330 and outer ADD power 320. In this example, the ADD power profile 318 in the hyperopia-correcting power profiles 402H(l)-402H(2) is a negative ADD power in diopters to shift peak VA from a nearer vergence to an intermediate vergence, and remains constant in the outer peripheral optic zone 306. This is opposed to alternative respective hyperopia-correcting power profiles 404H(l), 404H(3) for the same respective lens label prescription powers of +1D and +3D that are not designed to shift VA performance to intermediate vergences. The respective alternative hyperopia-correcting power profiles 404H(l), 404H(2) are spherical power profiles that continue to have the contribution of a corrective power and added SPHA profile is a zone optic zone that extends from the center axis C to a lens edge causing the power to continue to reduce as a function of radius.JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1

[0043] Figure 5A an exemplary power profile P(r) according to a power profile equation 500 as a function of radius that can be used to provide a power profile in the contact lens 300 in Figure 3. The power profiles 402 in Figure 4 are based the power profile P(r) in Figure 5A. ‘Rx’ is the prescriptive lens label prescription power for the proposed contact lens that would be created using power profile P(r). ‘r’ is radius. ‘SA4’ is added spherical aberration as function of radius r according to the SA4 equation 502 in Figure 5B. ‘SA6’ is added spherical aberration as function of radius r according to the SA6 equation 504 in Figure 5B. The error function erf(x) is shown in Figure 5A. As shown in Figure 5A, the power profile P(r) sets forth the power profile P(r) for a contact lens for a central optic zone, such as the central optic zone 302 of the contact lens 300 in Figure 3. The ‘ADD’ power is shown in Figure 5B, as a function of the lens label prescription power Rx.

[0044] As shown in Figure 5A, the power profile equation 500 of the power profile P(r) sets forth the power profile P(r) for a contact lens for a central optic zone 508 of a radius r <= 1.5 mm (e.g., first radius n in Figure 3), which could be the central optic zone 302 of the contact lens 300 in Figure 3. The radius of the end of central optic zone 508 could also be varied, such as between and inclusive of 1.0 and 2.0 mm. As also shown in Figure 5A, the power profile equation 500 of the power profile P(r) sets forth the power profile P(r) for a contact lens for a transitional peripheral optic zone 510 for a radius r > 1.5 mm and radius r < 2 mm (e.g., second radius n in Figure 3). The radius of the end of transitional peripheral optic zone 510 (which is the beginning of the outer peripheral optic zone 512) could also be varied, such equal to or greater than 2.0 mm. The transitional peripheral optic zone 510 could be the transitional peripheral optic zone 304 of the contact lens 300 in Figure 3. As also shown in Figure 5A, the power profile equation 500 of the power profile P(r) sets forth the power profile P(r) for a contact lens for an outer peripheral optic zone 512 for a radius r >= 2 mm, which could be the outer peripheral optic zone 306 of the contact lens 300 in Figure 3.

[0045] As noted in the power profile P(r) in Figure 5A, in this example, spherical aberration SA4 and SA6 that is present in the central optic zone 508 is not introduced in the outer peripheral optic zone 512. The power profile P(r) in Figure 5A of the outer peripheral optic zone 512 consist of just the lens label prescription power Rx. By the spherical aberration SA4 and SA6 that is the central optic zone 508 not introduced in the JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1outer peripheral optic zone 512, this has the effect of providing a positive add power in the outer peripheral optic zone 512 for a myopia lens label prescription power Rx (i.e., a negative (-) D), and a negative add power in the outer peripheral optic zone 512 for a hyperopic lens label prescription power Rx (i.e,. a positive (+) D), as shown in Figure 5B. This is also shown in the myopic-correcting power profiles 402M(1)-402M(3), and hyperopic-correcting power profiles 402H(1), 402H(2) in Figure 4. Thus, in this example, the outer peripheral optic zone 512 of the power profile P(r) in Figure 5A does include an add power, but in the form of not including spherical aberration that is included in the central optic zone 508. Another way of considering this is that the outer peripheral optic zone 512 of the power profile P(r) in Figure 5A has the opposite contribution of spherical aberration SA4 and SA6.

[0046] Figures 6A-6H are graphs 600A-600H illustrating VA performance as function of vergence of exemplary myopic-correcting single vision contact lenses that have an central optic zone surrounded by a peripheral optic zone(s) that has an incorporated add power to balance DOF from spherical aberration and shift VA performance from farther vergences to intermediate vergences for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance objects with minimal tradeoff in far distance vision. The graphs 600A-600H can represent the VA performance of the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 that has a power profile according to the power profile P(r) in Figures 5A and 5B for a given myopic lens label prescription power Rx and entrance pupil diameter (EPD).

[0047] In this regard, Figure 6A is a graph 600A that shows an exemplary VA performance (-10logMAR) of a myopic-correcting single vision contact lenses based on the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 that has a power profile according to the power profile P(r) in Figures 5A and 5B for a given myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-3D and based on a wearer having an EPD=6 mm. The VA performance of such a contact lens is shown in the VA performance curve 602A. The VA performance of an alternative spherical contact lens with myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-3D and based on a wearer having an EPD=6 mm, that does not have peripheral optic zone(s) with an incorporated add power is shown by VA performance curve 604A for comparison purposes. As shown in Figure 6A, the peak VA 608A in VA performance curve 604A is JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1approximately 0.6 -10logMAR at a vergence of 1.0 D. However, as also shown in Figure 6A, by applying the power profile P(r) to a contact lens according Figure 3 for given myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-3D represented by the VA performance curve 604A, the peak VA performance 608A is shifted to peak VA performance 606A of approximately 0.6 -10logMAR to an intermediate vergence at approximately 1.5D for improved nearer vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance objects. The difference in VA (A VA) between the VA performance curve 602A with the VA performance curve 604A is less than 0.5 line VA at a target intermediate vergence (e.g., between 1.0 D to 1.5 D). Also, as shown in Figure 6A, the tradeoff in VA performance in far distance vision for a contact lens represented by the VA performance curve 602A is minimal.

[0048] Figure 6B is a graph 600B that shows an exemplary VA performance (-10logMAR) of a myopic-correcting single vision contact lenses based on the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 that has a power profile according to the power profile P(r) in Figures 5A and 5B for a given myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-3D and based on a wearer having an EPD=5 mm. The VA performance of such a contact lens is shown in the VA performance curve 602B. The VA performance of an alternative spherical contact lens with myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-3D and based on a wearer having an EPD=5 mm, that does not have peripheral optic zone(s) with an incorporated add power is shown by VA performance curve 604B for comparison purposes. As shown in Figure 6B, the peak VA 608B in VA performance curve 604B is approximately 0.6 -10logMAR at a vergence of approximately 1.0 D. However, as also shown in Figure 6B, by applying the power profile P(r) to a contact lens according Figure 3 for given myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-3D represented by the VA performance curve 604B, the peak VA performance 608B is shifted to peak VA performance 606B of approximately 0.5 -10logMAR to an intermediate vergence at approximately 2.0D for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance objects. The difference in VA (A VA) between the VA performance curve 602B with the VA performance curve 604B is less than 0.5 line VA at a target intermediate vergence (e.g., between 1.0 D to 1.5 D).JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1Also, as shown in Figure 6B, the tradeoff in VA performance in far distance vision for a contact lens represented by the VA performance curve 602B is minimal.

[0049] Figure 6C is a graph 600C that shows an exemplary VA performance (-10logMAR) of a myopic-correcting single vision contact lenses based on the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 that has a power profile according to the power profile P(r) in Figures 5A and 5B for a given myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-3D and based on a wearer having an EPD=4 mm. The VA performance of such a contact lens is shown in the VA performance curve 602C. The VA performance of an alternative spherical contact lens with myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-3D and based on a wearer having an EPD=4 mm, that does not have peripheral optic zone(s) with an incorporated add power is shown by VA performance curve 604C for comparison purposes. As shown in Figure 6C, the peak VA 608C in VA performance curve 604C is approximately 0.45 -lOlogMAR at a vergence of 1.0 D. However, as also shown in Figure 6C, by applying the power profile P(r) to a contact lens according Figure 3 for given myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-3D represented by the VA performance curve 604C, the peak VA performance 608C is shifted to peak VA performance 606C of approximately 0.45 -10logMAR to an intermediate vergence at approximately 2.0D for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance objects. The difference in VA (Δ VA) between the VA performance curve 602C with the VA performance curve 604C is less than 0.5 line VA at a target intermediate vergence (e.g., between 1.0 D to 1.5 D). In this example, the differences between the VA performance curve 602C with the VA performance curve 604C is minimal, because the wearer has an EPD of 4 mm, meaning that the effect of the add power in the outer peripheral optic zone is minimal. Also, as shown in Figure 6C, the tradeoff in VA performance in far distance vision for a contact lens represented by the VA performance curve 602C is minimal.

[0050] Figure 6D is a graph 600D that shows an exemplary VA performance (-10logMAR) of a myopic-correcting single vision contact lenses based on the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 that has a power profile according to the power profile P(r) in Figures 5A and 5B for a given myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-3D and based on a wearer having an EPD=3 mm. The VA performance of such a contact lens is shown in the VA performance curve 602D. The VA performance of an alternative spherical contact lens JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1with myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-3D and based on a wearer having an EPD=3 mm, that does not have peripheral optic zone(s) with an incorporated add power is shown by VA performance curve 604D for comparison purposes. In this example, the differences between the VA performance curve 602D with the VA performance curve 604D does not exist, because the wearer has an EPD of 3 mm, meaning that the effect of the add power in the outer peripheral optic zone 306 and in the transitional peripheral optic zone 304 is not present due to light not being received in the pupil beyond a 3 mm radius of the contact lens 300.

[0051] Figure 6E is a graph 600E that shows an exemplary VA performance (-10logMAR) of a myopic-correcting single vision contact lenses based on the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 that has a power profile according to the power profile P(r) in Figures 5A and 5B for a given myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-6D and based on a wearer having an EPD=6 mm. The VA performance of such a contact lens is shown in the VA performance curve 602E. The VA performance of an alternative spherical contact lens with myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-6D and based on a wearer having an EPD=6 mm, that does not have peripheral optic zone(s) with an incorporated add power is shown by VA performance curve 604E for comparison purposes. As shown in Figure 6E, the peak VA 608E in VA performance curve 604E is approximately 0.2 - lOlogMAR at a vergence of 0.9 D. However, as also shown in Figure 6E, by applying the power profile P(r) to a contact lens according Figure 3 for given myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-6D represented by the VA performance curve 604E, the peak VA performance 608E is the peak VA performance 608E is shifted to peak VA performance 606E of approximately 0.6 -lOlogMAR to an intermediate vergence around 1.5D for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance objects. The difference in VA (Δ VA) between the VA performance curve 602E with the VA performance curve 604E is less than 0.5 line VA at a target intermediate vergence (e.g., between 1.0 D to 1.5 D). Also, as shown in Figure 6E, the tradeoff in VA performance in far distance vision for a contact lens represented by the VA performance curve 602E is minimal.

[0052] Figure 6F is a graph 600F that shows an exemplary VA performance (-10logMAR) of a myopic-correcting single vision contact lenses based on the contact lens JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1300 in Figure 3 that has a power profile according to the power profile P(r) in Figures 5A and 5B for a given myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-6D and based on a wearer having an EPD=5 mm. The VA performance of such a contact lens is shown in the VA performance curve 602F. The VA performance of an alternative spherical contact lens with myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-6D and based on a wearer having an EPD=5 mm, that does not have peripheral optic zone(s) with an incorporated add power is shown by VA performance curve 604F for comparison purposes. As shown in Figure 6F, the peak VA 608F in VA performance curve 604F is approximately 0.4 -lOlogMAR at a vergence of 0.9 D. However, as also shown in Figure 6E, by applying the power profile P(r) to a contact lens according Figure 3 for given myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-6D represented by the VA performance curve 604F, the peak VA performance 608F is the peak VA performance 608F is shifted to peak VA performance 606F of approximately 0.55 -lOlogMAR to an intermediate vergence around 1.5D for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance objects. The difference in VA (Δ VA) between the VA performance curve 602F with the VA performance curve 604F is less than 0.5 line VA at a target intermediate vergence (e.g., between 1.0 D to 1.5 D). Also, as shown in Figure 6F, the tradeoff in VA performance in far distance vision for a contact lens represented by the VA performance curve 602F is minimal.

[0053] Figure 6G is a graph 600G that shows an exemplary VA performance (-10logMAR) of a myopic-correcting single vision contact lenses based on the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 that has a power profile according to the power profile P(r) in Figures 5A and 5B for a given myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-6D and based on a wearer having an EPD=4 mm. The VA performance of such a contact lens is shown in the VA performance curve 602G. The VA performance of an alternative spherical contact lens with myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-6D and based on a wearer having an EPD=4 mm, that does not have peripheral optic zone(s) with an incorporated add power is shown by VA performance curve 604G for comparison purposes. As shown in Figure 6G, the peak VA 608G in VA performance curve 604G is approximately 0.4 -10logMAR at a vergence of around 1.0 D. However, as also shown in Figure 6G, by applying the power profile P(r) to a contact lens according Figure 3 for given myopic lens JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1label prescription power Rx=-6D represented by the VA performance curve 604G, the peak VA performance 608G is the peak VA performance 608G is shifted to peak VA performance 606G of approximately 0.4 -lOlogMAR to an intermediate vergence at approximately 2.0D for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance objects. The difference in VA (Δ VA) between the VA performance curve 602G with the VA performance curve 604G is less than 0.5 line VA at a target intermediate vergence (e.g., between 1.0 D to 1.5 D). Also, as shown in Figure 6G, the tradeoff in VA performance in far distance vision for a contact lens represented by the VA performance curve 602G is minimal.

[0054] Figure 6H is a graph 600H that shows an exemplary VA performance (-10logMAR) of a myopic-correcting single vision contact lenses based on the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 that has a power profile according to the power profile P(r) in Figures 5A and 5B for a given myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-6D and based on a wearer having an EPD=3 mm. The VA performance of such a contact lens is shown in the VA performance curve 602H. The VA performance of an alternative spherical contact lens with myopic lens label prescription power Rx=-6D and based on a wearer having an EPD=3 mm, that does not have peripheral optic zone(s) with an incorporated add power is shown by VA performance curve 604H for comparison purposes. In this example, the differences between the VA performance curve 602H with the VA performance curve 604H is almost non-existent because the wearer has an EPD of 3 mm, meaning that the effect of the add power in the outer peripheral optic zone 306 and in the transitional peripheral optic zone 304 is not present due to light not being received in the pupil beyond a 3 mm radius of the contact lens 300.

[0055] Figures 7A-7D are graphs 700A-700D illustrating VA performance as function of vergence of exemplary hyperopic-correcting single vision contact lenses that have an central optic zone surrounded by a peripheral optic zone(s) that has an incorporated add power to balance DOF from spherical aberration and shift VA performance from nearer vergences to intermediate vergences for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance objects with minimal tradeoff in far distance vision. The graphs 700A-700D can represent the VA performance of the JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1contact lens 300 in Figure 3 that has a power profile according to the power profile P(r) in Figures 5A and 5B for a given hyperopic lens label prescription power Rx and entrance pupil diameter (EPD).

[0056] In this regard, Figure 7A is a graph 700A that shows an exemplary VA performance (-lOlogMAR) of a hyperopic-correcting single vision contact lenses based on the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 that has a power profile according to the power profile P(r) in Figures 5A and 5B for a given hyperopic lens label prescription power Rx=3D and based on a wearer having an EPD=6 mm. The VA performance of such a contact lens is shown in the VA performance curve 702A. The VA performance of an alternative spherical contact lens with myopic lens label prescription power Rx=3D and based on a wearer having an EPD=6 mm, that does not have peripheral optic zone(s) with an incorporated add power is shown by VA performance curve 704A for comparison purposes. As shown in Figure 7A, the peak VA 708A in VA performance curve 704A is approximately 0.6 at a vergence of 3.0 D. However, as also shown in Figure 7A, by applying the power profile P(r) to a contact lens according Figure 3 for given hyperopic lens label prescription power Rx=3D represented by the VA performance curve 704A, the peak VA performance 708A is shifted from a nearer vergence (e.g., at 2.0D) to peak VA performance 706A of approximately 0.7 -lOlogMAR at an intermediate vergence at approximately 1.0D for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance objects. The difference in VA (A VA) between the VA performance curve 702A with the VA performance curve 704A is less than 0.5 line VA at a target intermediate vergence (e.g., between 1.0 D to 1.5 D). Also, as shown in Figure 7A, the tradeoff in VA performance in far distance vision for a contact lens represented by the VA performance curve 702A is minimal.

[0057] Figure 7B is a graph 700B that shows an exemplary VA performance (-lOlogMAR) of a hyperopic -correcting single vision contact lenses based on the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 that has a power profile according to the power profile P(r) in Figures 5A and 5B for a given hyperopic lens label prescription power Rx=3D and based on a wearer having an EPD=5 mm. The VA performance of such a contact lens is shown in the VA performance curve 702B. The VA performance of an alternative spherical contact lens with myopic lens label prescription power Rx=3D and based on a wearer having an JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1EPD=5 mm, that does not have peripheral optic zone(s) with an incorporated add power is shown by VA performance curve 704B for comparison purposes. As shown in Figure 7B, the peak VA 708B in VA performance curve 704B is approximately 0.4 -lOlogMAR at a vergence of 3.0 D. However, as also shown in Figure 7B, by applying the power profile P(r) to a contact lens according Figure 3 for given hyperopic lens label prescription power Rx=3D represented by the VA performance curve 704B, the peak VA performance 708B is shifted to peak VA performance 706B of approximately 0.4 - lOlogMAR from a nearer vergence (e.g., at 2.0D) to an intermediate vergence at approximately 1.0D for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance objects. The difference in VA (A VA) between the VA performance curve 702B with the VA performance curve 704B is less than 0.5 line VA at a target intermediate vergence (e.g., between 1.0 D to 1.5 D). Also, as shown in Figure 7B, the tradeoff in VA performance in far distance vision for a contact lens represented by the VA performance curve 702B is minimal.

[0058] Figure 7C is a graph 700C that shows an exemplary VA performance (-lOlogMAR) of a hyperopic -correcting single vision contact lenses based on the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 that has a power profile according to the power profile P(r) in Figures 5A and 5B for a given hyperopic lens label prescription power Rx=3D and based on a wearer having an EPD=4 mm. The VA performance of such a contact lens is shown in the VA performance curve 702C. The VA performance of an alternative spherical contact lens with myopic lens label prescription power Rx=3D and based on a wearer having an EPD=4 mm, that does not have peripheral optic zone(s) with an incorporated add power is shown by VA performance curve 704C for comparison purposes. As shown in Figure 7C, the peak VA 708C in VA performance curve 704C is approximately 0.4 -lOlogMAR at a vergence of 3.0 D. However, as also shown in Figure 7C, by applying the power profile P(r) to a contact lens according Figure 3 for given hyperopic lens label prescription power Rx=3D represented by the VA performance curve 704C, the peak VA performance 708C is shifted from a nearer vergence (e.g., at 2.0D) to peak VA performance 706C of approximately 0.4 - lOlogMAR to an intermediate vergence at approximately around 1.0D for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1objects. The difference in VA (A VA) between the VA performance curve 702C with the VA performance curve 704C is less than 0.5 line VA at a target intermediate vergence (e.g., between 1.0 D to 1.5 D). Also, as shown in Figure 7C, the tradeoff in VA performance in far distance vision for a contact lens represented by the VA performance curve 702C is minimal.

[0059] Figure 7D is a graph 700D that shows an exemplary VA performance (-lOlogMAR) of a hyperopic -correcting single vision contact lenses based on the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 that has a power profile according to the power profile P(r) in Figures 5 A and 5B for a given myopic lens label prescription power Rx=3D and based on a wearer having an EPD=3 mm. The VA performance of such a contact lens is shown in the VA performance curve 702D. The VA performance of an alternative spherical contact lens with myopic lens label prescription power Rx=3D and based on a wearer having an EPD=3 mm, that does not have peripheral optic zone(s) with an incorporated add power is shown by VA performance curve 704D for comparison purposes. In this example, the differences between the VA performance curve 702D with the VA performance curve 7-704D is almost non-existent, because the wearer has an EPD of 3 mm, meaning that the effect of the add power in the outer peripheral optic zone 306 and in the transitional peripheral optic zone 304 is not present due to light not being received in the pupil beyond a 3 mm radius of the contact lens 300.

[0060] As discussed above, the add power provided in the transitional peripheral optic zone 304 and / or outer peripheral optic zone 306 of the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 as well as the determination of the first and second radiuses r1, r2 to provide the transitional peripheral optic zone 304 and outer peripheral optic zone 306 are based on accommodation lag model, such as the accommodation lag model 800 in Figure 8. The accommodation lag model 800 in Figure 8 in this example includes an accommodation lag model curve 802 that plots a non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag (Y -axis) for a plurality of vergences (X-axis) ranging from 0 D to 3 D. The non-presbyopic patient population is a sample population of non-presbyopic patients from which measurements can be made and provided in an average (e.g., an absolute average, a median, etc.). The non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag provided in the accommodation lag model curve 802 plots a difference in an actual accommodation of the non-presbyopic patient population average JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1accommodation and an accommodation need selected for a non-presbyopic patient at the plurality of vergences. This accommodation lag is an indication of the additional ADD power that would be required to achieve optimal VA performance at a selected target vergence. The difference in an actual accommodation of the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation and an accommodation need selected for a non-presbyopic patient at the plurality of vergences can be determined by measuring the accommodation for the non-presbyopic patient population average at a plurality of vergences of the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag, and a determined or selected accommodation need for the non-presbyopic patient population average at plurality of vergences.

[0061] For example, with reference to the accommodation lag model 800 in Figure 8, at a target vergence of 1.5 D, the accommodation lag model curve 802 shows an average accommodation lag of 0.6 D in for a non-presbyopic patient population. In this example, the accommodation lag of 0.6 D is based on a difference in an actual measured accommodation of the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation (e.g., 0.9D) and an accommodation need (e.g., 1.5 D) selected for a non-presbyopic patient at the target intermediate vergence of 1.5 D. For example, the accommodation need may be equal to the selected target vergence. In this manner, the accommodation lag model 800 indicates the additional amount of accommodation that is desired to be provided through an ADD power (e.g., the ADD power 320 in contact lens 300) to provide additional accommodation at the selected target vergence to shift the peak VA performance to the selected target vergence. The radius of the start of an outer peripheral optic zone and an ADD power provided in the outer peripheral optic zone can be modeled using a merit function based on the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at a target intermediate vergence to achieve at least a 0.5-line improvement in VA performance for intermediate vision at the target intermediate vergence and to achieve less than 0.5-line degradation in VA performance for far vision.

[0062] Using the example of the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 and the exemplary power profile P(r) in Figures 5A and 5B, the second radius r2 and the ADD power 512 can be selected based on the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag according to the accommodation lag model curve 802 in the accommodation lag model 800 in Figure 8 at a target intermediate vergence (e.g., 1.5 D). A contact lens based on JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1the second radius r2 and the ADD power 512 can be modeled using a merit function based on the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at a target intermediate vergence to achieve at least a 0.5-line improvement in VA performance for intermediate vision at the target intermediate vergence and to achieve less than 0.5-line degradation in VA performance for far vision.

[0063] Also, as discussed above, in an example, a consideration in the lens design is to avoid adding power within the central optic zone of a contact lens (e.g., central optic zone 302 in contact lens 300) within 3 mm pupil area to minimize visual disturbances, such as halos, which can negatively impact patient satisfaction. This is based on Holladay et al.'s publication discussed above.

[0064] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process 900 of designing a single vision contact lens that has an central optic zone surrounded by a peripheral optic zone(s) that has an incorporated add power to balance DOF from spherical aberration and shift VA performance to intermediate vergences for improved intermediate vergence vision to provide reduced vision fatigue that may occur from accommodation lag when focusing and re-focusing on intermediate distance objects with minimal tradeoff in far distance vision. The process 900 in Figure 9 may be employed to design any of the contact lenses and their power profiles discussed herein, including but not limited to the contact lens 300 in Figure 3, a contact lens(es) with a myopic -correcting power profile 402M(l)-402M(3) and / or a hyperopic-correcting power profile 402H(l), 402H(2) in Figure 4, a contact lens with the power profile P(r) in Figures 5A and 5B, a contact lens with a myopic-correcting power profile 602A-602H in Figures 6A-6H, and / or a contact lens with a hyperopic -correcting power profile 702A-702D in Figures 7A-7D.

[0065] The process 900 is described in regard to the contact lens 300 in Figure 3 as an example. In this regard, as shown in Figure 9, the process 900 can include determining the first radius r1 of the central optic zone 302 for which the ADD power 320 is not to be provided in the contact lens 300 to minimize visual disturbance (block 902 in Figure 9). For example, the first radius r1 may be determined on the Holladay et al.'s publication discussed above to minimize visual disturbance, such as 1.5 mm for example. The process 900 can then include determining the central zone power profile 308 of the central optic zone 302 for the contact lens 300 (block 904 in Figure 9). The process 900 can also include determining the second radius r2 and the ADD power profile 318 for the outer JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1peripheral optic zone 306 based on a non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at a target intermediate vergence (block 906 in Figure 9). The process 900 can then include determining the outer peripheral zone power profile 316 based on the determined second radius r2 and the ADD power profile 318 (block 908 in Figure 9).

[0066] Note that the aspects described above are in regard to exemplary contact lens systems, contact lens pairs, and individual contact lenses, but not that such examples are not limited to contact lenses but could be applied to any type of lenses and related lens systems and pairs.

[0067] It is important to note that the lens designs of the present disclosure may be incorporated into any number of different contact lenses formed from any number of materials. Specifically, the lens design of the present disclosure may be utilized in any of the contact lenses described herein, including, but not limited to, daily wear soft contact lenses, rigid gas permeable contact lenses, bifocal contact lenses, toric contact lenses, and hybrid contact lenses. In addition, although the disclosure is described with respect to contact lenses, it is important to note that the concept of the present disclosure may be utilized in spectacle lenses, intraocular lenses, corneal inlays, and onlays.

[0068] It is to be understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to the specific aspects disclosed and that modifications and other aspects are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the disclosure and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. The aspects set forth below represent the necessary information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure and illustrate the best mode of practicing the disclosure. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims. Many modifications and other embodiments of the disclosure set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains, having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Although shown and described in what is believed to be the most practical and specific aspects disclosed, modifications and other aspects are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. It is JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1apparent that departures from specific designs and methods described and shown will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art and may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

[0069] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses: 1. A single vision contact lens for a non-presbyopia patient, comprising:a center axis;a central optic zone surrounding the center axis and extending a first radius from the center axis,the central optic zone comprising a central zone power profile comprising:a corrective power as a function of radius from the center axis configured to correct refractive error of the wearer according to a lens label prescription power; and a center spherical aberration (SPHA) profile; andan outer peripheral optic zone surrounding the central optic zone and extending from a second radius from the center axis greater than or equal to the first radius, to a third radius greater than the second radius from the center axis, the outer peripheral optic zone comprising an outer peripheral zone power profile comprising:the central zone power profile; andan ADD power profile;wherein:the second radius and the ADD power profile are selected based on a non- presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at a target intermediate vergence.2. The contact lens of clause 1, wherein the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag is a difference in a non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation and an accommodation need for the non-presbyopic patient at the target intermediate vergence.3. The contact lens of clause 2 or clause 3, wherein the second radius and the ADD power profile are selected based on the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at the target intermediate vergence from an accommodation lag model,JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1the accommodation lag model comprises a plurality of non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lags,each non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag of the plurality of non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lags comprising a difference in the non- presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at a vergence and an accommodation need for the non-presbyopic patient at the vergence.4. The contact lens of any of clauses 1 -3, wherein the central zone power profde does not include an ADD power.5. The contact lens of any of clauses 1-4, wherein the second radius and the ADD power profile are further selected to achieve at least an approximate 0.5 line improvement in visual acuity at the target intermediate vergence, as compared to the outer peripheral zone power profile only including the corrective power.6. The contact lens of clause 5, wherein the target intermediate vergence is between 0.5 diopter (D) and 2.0 D.7. The contact lens of clause 6, wherein the target intermediate vergence is between 1.0 diopter (D) and 1.6 D.8. The contact lens of any of clauses 1-7, wherein the second radius and the ADD power are further selected to achieve less than or equal 0.5 line degradation in visual acuity at a far vergence, as compared to the outer peripheral zone power profile only including the corrective power.9. The contact lens of clause 8, wherein the far vergence is less than 0.5 diopters (D).10. The contact lens of any of clauses 1-9, wherein the ADD power profile of the outer peripheral zone power profile is constant as a function of a radius between the second radius and the third radius.11. The contact lens of any of clauses 1-10, wherein the ADD power profile of the outer peripheral zone power profile is equal to the opposite of the center SPHA profile.12. The contact lens of any of clauses 1-11, wherein:the central zone power profile is:JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1Rx + SA4 * r12+ SA6 * r14; ≤ r1where:( 0.0089 * Rx if Rx > 0SA4 = 0.0162* Rx if 0 > Rx > —3.5; and(0.0082 * Rx - 0.0251 if Rx < -3.51.574e — 4 * Rx if Rx > 0SA 6 = ■< 3e — 4 * Rx if 0 > Rx > —3.5; and( 0 if Rx < —3.5the outer peripheral zone power profile is:Rx > = r2,where:Rx is the lens label prescription power;r1 is first radius; andr2 is second radius.13. The contact lens of any of clauses 1-12, further comprising a transitional peripheral optic zone extending from the first radius to the second radius, the transitional peripheral optic zone comprising a transitional peripheral zone power profile comprising:the corrective power; anda transitional ADD power profile; anda transitional SPHA profile.14. The contact lens of clause 13, wherein the transitional ADD power profile is based on an ADD power of:0.020822 * Rx if Rx > 0 DADD = 0.038 * Rxif 0 D > Rx > -3.5 D( 0.1845 * Rx - 0.05648 Rx < -3.5 Dwhere:Rx is the lens label prescription power.15. The contact lens of clause 13 or clause 14, wherein:the central zone power profile is:JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1Rx + SA4 * r12+ SA6 * r14; ≤ r1the outer peripheral zone power profile is:Rx > = r2; andthe transitional peripheral zone power profile is:erf(2r) — erf(3)- — - - * ADD + 2.25 * S714 + 5.06 * SA6 + Rx; rl > 1.5 m and r2 < 2 mm erf(4) — erf(3)where:Rx is the lens label prescription power;r is radius from the center axis;rl is first radius;r2 is second radius;( 0.0089 * Rx if Rx > 0SA4 = < 0.0162* Rx if 0 > Rx > —3.5; and(0.0082 * Rx - 0.0251 if Rx < -3.51.574e — 4 * Rx if Rx > 0SA6 = 3e — 4 * Rx if 0 > Rx > —3.5; and( 0 if Rx < —3.50.020822 * Rx if Rx > 0 DADD = 0.038 * Rxif 0 D > Rx > -3.5 £); andI 0.1845 * Rx - 0.05648 Rx < -3.5 Derf is error function defined by:2 rx_t2erf(x) = —= e dtjn JQ16. The contact lens of any of clauses 1-5 or clauses 7-15, wherein the target intermediate vergence is between 0.5 diopter (D) and 2.0 D.17. The contact lens of any of clauses 1-6 or clauses 8-16, wherein the target intermediate vergence is between 1.0 diopter (D) and 1.6 D.18. The contact lens of any of clauses 1-17, wherein the first radius is at least 1.0 millimeters (mm).JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT119. The contact lens of any of clauses 1-18, wherein the first radius is between 1.5 millimeters (mm) and 2.0 mm.20. The contact lens of any of clauses 1- 17 or clause 19, wherein the first radius is 1.5 millimeters (mm).21. The contact lens of any of clauses 1-20, wherein the second radius is 2.0 millimeters (mm).22. The contact lens of any of clauses 1-21, wherein:the central zone power profile and the peripheral zone power profile comprises a power profile;the power profile is configured to correct myopic refractive error of a myopic wearer according to a myopic lens label prescription power; and the ADD power profile comprises a positive diopter ADD power profile.23. The contact lens of any of clauses 1-21, wherein:the central zone power profile and the peripheral zone power profile comprises a power profile;the power profile is configured to correct hyperopic refractive error of a hyperopic wearer according to a hyperopic lens label prescription power; and the ADD power profile comprises a negative diopter ADD power profile.24. A method of designing the single vision contact lens of clause 1, comprising: determining the first radius of the central optic zone for which the ADD power is not to be provided in the contact lens to minimize visual disturbance; determining the central zone power profile of the central optic zone for the contact lens;determining the second radius and the ADD power profile based on a non- presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at the target intermediate vergence; anddetermining the outer peripheral zone power profile based on the determined second radius and the ADD power profile.25. The method of clause 24, wherein the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag is a difference in a non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation and an accommodation need for the non-presbyopic patient at the target intermediate vergence.JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT126. The method of clause 25, wherein the accommodation need equals the target intermediate vergence.27. The method of any of clauses 24-26, wherein the target intermediate vergence is equal to 1.5 diopter (D).28. The method of any of clauses 24-27, wherein determining the second radius and the ADD power profile comprises:selecting the second radius and the ADD power profile based on the non- presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at the target intermediate vergence from an accommodation lag model, the accommodation lag model comprises a plurality of non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lags,each non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag of the plurality of non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lags comprises a difference in the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at a vergence and an accommodation need for the non-presbyopic patient at the vergence. 29. The method of clause 28, wherein for each non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag of the plurality of non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lags, the accommodation need equals the vergence of non-presbyopic population average accommodation lag.30. The method of clause 28 or clause 29, further comprising determining the accommodation lag model comprising:determining for each non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag of the plurality of non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lags:the accommodation for the non-presbyopic patient population average at the vergence of the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag; andthe accommodation need for the non-presbyopic patient population average at the vergence of the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag.JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT131. The method of any of clauses 24-30, wherein the size of the central optic zone is a 3.0 millimeter radius from a center axis of the contact lens.JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A single vision contact lens for a non-presbyopia patient, comprising:a center axis;a central optic zone surrounding the center axis and extending a first radius from the center axis,the central optic zone comprising a central zone power profile comprising:a corrective power as a function of radius from the center axis configured to correct refractive error of the wearer according to a lens label prescription power; and a center spherical aberration (SPHA) profile; andan outer peripheral optic zone surrounding the central optic zone and extending from a second radius from the center axis greater than or equal to the first radius, to a third radius greater than the second radius from the center axis, the outer peripheral optic zone comprising an outer peripheral zone power profile comprising:the central zone power profile; andan ADD power profile;wherein:the second radius and the ADD power profile are selected based on a non- presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at a target intermediate vergence.

2. The contact lens of claim 1, wherein the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag is a difference in a non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation and an accommodation need for the non-presbyopic patient at the target intermediate vergence.

3. The contact lens of claim 1, wherein the second radius and the ADD power profile are selected based on the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at the target intermediate vergence from an accommodation lag model,JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1the accommodation lag model comprises a plurality of non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lags,each non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag of the plurality of non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lags comprising a difference in the non- presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at a vergence and an accommodation need for the non-presbyopic patient at the vergence.

4. The contact lens of claim 1, wherein the central zone power profde does not include an ADD power.

5. The contact lens of claim 1, wherein the second radius and the ADD power profde are further selected to achieve at least an approximate 0.5 line improvement in visual acuity at the target intermediate vergence, as compared to the outer peripheral zone power profde only including the corrective power.

6. The contact lens of claim 5, wherein the target intermediate vergence is between 0.5 diopter (D) and 2.0 D.

7. The contact lens of claim 6, wherein the target intermediate vergence is between 1.0 diopter (D) and 1.6 D.

8. The contact lens of claim 1, wherein the second radius and the ADD power are further selected to achieve less than or equal 0.5 line degradation in visual acuity at a far vergence, as compared to the outer peripheral zone power profde only including the corrective power.

9. The contact lens of claim 8, wherein the far vergence is less than 0.5 diopters (D).JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT110. The contact lens of claim 1, wherein the ADD power profile of the outer peripheral zone power profile is constant as a function of a radius between the second radius and the third radius.

11. The contact lens of claim 1, wherein the ADD power profile of the outer peripheral zone power profile is equal to the opposite of the center SPHA profile.

12. The contact lens of claim 1, wherein:the central zone power profile is:Rx + SA4 * r12+ SA6 * r14; ≤ r1where:( 0.0089 * Rx if Rx > 0SA4 = < 0.0162* Rx if 0 > Rx > —3.5; and(0.0082 * Rx - 0.0251 if Rx < -3.51.574e — 4 * Rx if Rx > 0SA6 = ■< 3e — 4 * Rx if 0 > Rx > —3.5; and( 0 if Rx < —3.5the outer peripheral zone power profile is:Rx > = r2,where:Rx is the lens label prescription power;r1 is first radius; andr2 is second radius.

13. The contact lens of claim 1, further comprising a transitional peripheral optic zone extending from the first radius to the second radius, the transitional peripheral optic zone comprising a transitional peripheral zone power profile comprising:the corrective power; anda transitional ADD power profile; anda transitional SPHA profile.JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT114. The contact lens of claim 13, wherein the transitional ADD power profile is based on an ADD power of:( 0.020822 * Rx if Rx > 0 DADD = 0.038 * Rx if 0 D > Rx > -3.5 D( 0.1845 * Rx - 0.05648 Rx < -3.5 Dwhere:Rx is the lens label prescription power.

15. The contact lens of claim 13, wherein:the central zone power profile is:Rx + SA4 * r1² + SA6 * r1⁴; ≤ r1the outer peripheral zone power profile is:Rx > = r2; andthe transitional peripheral zone power profile is:erf(2r) — erf(3)— — — - — - * ADD + 2.25 * S714 + 5.06 * SA6 + Rx; rl > 1.5 m and r2 < 2 mm erf(4) — erf(3)where:Rx is the lens label prescription power;r is radius from the center axis;rl is first radius;r2 is second radius;0.0089 * Rx if Rx > 0SA4 = < 0.0162 * Rx if 0 > Rx > —3.5; and(0.0082 * Rx - 0.0251 if Rx < -3.51.574e — 4 * Rx if Rx > 0SA 6 = ■< 3e — 4 * Rx if 0 > Rx > —3.5; andI 0 if Rx < —3.5JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT10.020822 * Rx if Rx > 0 DADD = 0.038 * Rx if 0 D > Rx > -3.5 D; andI 0.1845 * / ?% - 0.05648 / ?% < -3.5 Derf is error function defined by:2 / √πerf(x) = (2 / √π) ∫₀ˣ e^(-t²) dtyjTl JQ16. The contact lens of claim 1, wherein the target intermediate vergence is between 0.5 diopter (D) and 2.0 D.

17. The contact lens of claim 1, wherein the target intermediate vergence is between 1.0 diopter (D) and 1.6 D.

18. The contact lens of claim 1, wherein the first radius is at least 1.0 millimeters (mm).

19. The contact lens of claim 1, wherein the first radius is between 1.5 millimeters (mm) and 2.0 mm.

20. The contact lens of claim 1 wherein the first radius is 1.5 millimeters (mm).

21. The contact lens of claim 1 wherein the second radius is 2.0 millimeters (mm).

22. The contact lens of claim 1 wherein:the central zone power profile and the peripheral zone power profile comprises a power profile;the power profile is configured to correct myopic refractive error of a myopic wearer according to a myopic lens label prescription power; and the ADD power profile comprises a positive diopter ADD power profile.

23. The contact lens of claim 1, wherein:JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1the central zone power profile and the peripheral zone power profile comprises a power profile;the power profile is configured to correct hyperopic refractive error of a hyperopic wearer according to a hyperopic lens label prescription power; and the ADD power profile comprises a negative diopter ADD power profile.

24. A method of designing the single vision contact lens of claim 1, comprising: determining the first radius of the central optic zone for which the ADD power is not to be provided in the contact lens to minimize visual disturbance; determining the central zone power profile of the central optic zone for the contact lens;determining the second radius and the ADD power profile based on a non- presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at the target intermediate vergence; anddetermining the outer peripheral zone power profile based on the determined second radius and the ADD power profile.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag is a difference in a non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation and an accommodation need for the non-presbyopic patient at the target intermediate vergence.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the accommodation need equals the target intermediate vergence.

27. The method of claim 24, wherein the target intermediate vergence is equal to 1.5 diopter (D).

28. The method of claim 24, wherein determining the second radius and the ADD power profile comprises:JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1selecting the second radius and the ADD power profile based on the non- presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at the target intermediate vergence from an accommodation lag model, the accommodation lag model comprises a plurality of non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lags,each non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag of the plurality of non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lags comprises a difference in the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag at a vergence and an accommodation need for the non-presbyopic patient at the vergence.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein for each non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag of the plurality of non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lags, the accommodation need equals the vergence of non-presbyopic population average accommodation lag.

30. The method of claim 28, further comprising determining the accommodation lag model comprising:determining for each non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag of the plurality of non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lags:the accommodation for the non-presbyopic patient population average at the vergence of the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag; andthe accommodation need for the non-presbyopic patient population average at the vergence of the non-presbyopic patient population average accommodation lag.

31. The method of claim 24, wherein the size of the central optic zone is a 3.0 millimeter radius from a center axis of the contact lens.JnJ Ref. VTN6177WOPCT1

Images