Measurement quantity reporting method, carrier phase positioning method, device, apparatus, and medium

Abstract

Provided in the present disclosure are a measurement quantity reporting method, a carrier phase positioning method, a device, an apparatus, and a medium. The measurement quantity reporting method comprises: on the basis of a positioning reference signal sent by an energy-harvesting Internet-of-Things device, a reader-writer device acquiring carrier phase measurement quantities of N1 receiving antennas, wherein the carrier phase measurement quantities include a first carrier phase measurement quantity or a second carrier phase measurement quantity obtained by means of differentiating the first carrier phase measurement quantity; and reporting the carrier phase measurement quantities of the N1 receiving antennas to a location management function entity.

Description

Measurement reporting methods, carrier phase positioning methods, equipment, devices and media

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411812649.3, filed on December 10, 2024, entitled "Measuring Quantity Reporting Method, Carrier Phase Positioning Method, Device, Apparatus and Medium", the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a measurement reporting method, a carrier phase positioning method, a device, an apparatus, and a medium. Background Technology

[0004] Because the signal phase value changes periodically with communication distance, for each given phase value, there are countless possible communication distances. Therefore, carrier phase positioning typically requires the use of delay measurements to jointly solve for integer ambiguity (IA). For carrier phase positioning of A-IoT devices in Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) systems, the power consumption and capabilities of A-IoT devices limit the accuracy of delay measurements. Therefore, how to apply carrier phase positioning technology to achieve high-precision positioning of A-IoT devices in this situation is a technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This disclosure provides a measurement reporting method, a carrier phase positioning method, a device, an apparatus, and a medium to solve the high-precision positioning problem of A-IoT devices.

[0006] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a measurement reporting method applied to a reader device, comprising:

[0007] Based on the positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device, the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas are obtained. The carrier phase measurements include a first carrier phase measurement or a second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentiating the first carrier phase measurement; N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0008] The carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas are reported to the location management function entity.

[0009] In some embodiments, based on the positioning reference signal transmitted by the powered IoT device, carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas are obtained, including:

[0010] N2 receiving antennas are used to receive the positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device, and the carrier phase measurement of N1 receiving antennas is obtained; N1≤N2, and N2 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following phase values:

[0012] The first phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the first codeword;

[0013] The second phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the second codeword;

[0014] The third phase value is a phase value determined based on the first phase value, the second phase value, and the modulation phase difference between the first codeword and the second codeword.

[0015] In some embodiments, reporting the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas to the location management function entity includes:

[0016] Report the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas and one or more of the following associated information to the location management function entity:

[0017] Quality indication information of carrier phase measurements;

[0018] Information related to the receiving antenna;

[0019] Positioning reference signal related information;

[0020] Obtain information related to IoT devices;

[0021] Other measurements besides carrier phase measurements;

[0022] Timestamp information.

[0023] In some embodiments, the quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following:

[0024] First-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0025] Second-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0026] Third-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0027] Confidence information of carrier phase measurements.

[0028] In some embodiments, the difference includes one or more of the following difference methods:

[0029] One-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas;

[0030] One-dimensional difference between different frequency points;

[0031] One-dimensional difference between different timestamps;

[0032] Two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different frequency points;

[0033] Two-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas and different timestamps;

[0034] Two-dimensional difference between different frequencies and different timestamps;

[0035] Three-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas, different frequencies, and different timestamps.

[0036] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0037] The reported carrier phase measurement is determined based on the predefined quality indication information threshold or the quality indication information threshold configured by the location management function entity.

[0038] In some embodiments, the carrier phase measurement is reported in a manner that includes periodic reporting or event-triggered reporting.

[0039] Secondly, this disclosure also provides a carrier phase positioning method, applied to a location management function entity, including:

[0040] The receiver reports N1 carrier phase measurements from the receiving antennas. The carrier phase measurements include either a first carrier phase measurement or a second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentiating the first carrier phase measurement. N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0041] The location information of the powered IoT device is determined based on carrier phase measurements.

[0042] In some embodiments, the first carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following phase values:

[0043] The first phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the first codeword;

[0044] The second phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the second codeword;

[0045] The third phase value is a phase value determined based on the first phase value, the second phase value, and the modulation phase difference between the first codeword and the second codeword.

[0046] In some embodiments, the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas reported by the receiving reader device include:

[0047] The receiver read / write device reports the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas and one or more of the following related information:

[0048] Quality indication information of carrier phase measurements;

[0049] Information related to the receiving antenna;

[0050] Positioning reference signal related information;

[0051] Obtain information related to IoT devices;

[0052] Other measurements besides carrier phase measurements;

[0053] Timestamp information.

[0054] In some embodiments, the quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following:

[0055] First-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0056] Second-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0057] Third-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0058] Confidence information of carrier phase measurements.

[0059] In some embodiments, the difference includes one or more of the following difference methods:

[0060] One-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas;

[0061] One-dimensional difference between different frequency points;

[0062] One-dimensional difference between different timestamps;

[0063] Two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different frequency points;

[0064] Two-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas and different timestamps;

[0065] Two-dimensional difference between different frequencies and different timestamps;

[0066] Three-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas, different frequencies, and different timestamps.

[0067] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0068] Configure quality indication information thresholds for the reader / writer device.

[0069] Thirdly, this disclosure also provides a reader / writer device, including a memory, a transceiver, and a processor;

[0070] A memory for storing computer programs; a transceiver for sending and receiving data under the control of the processor; and a processor for reading the computer programs from the memory and performing the following operations:

[0071] Based on the positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device, the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas are obtained. The carrier phase measurements include a first carrier phase measurement or a second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentiating the first carrier phase measurement; N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0072] The carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas are reported to the location management function entity.

[0073] In some embodiments, based on the positioning reference signal transmitted by the powered IoT device, carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas are obtained, including:

[0074] N2 receiving antennas are used to receive the positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device, and the carrier phase measurement of N1 receiving antennas is obtained; N1≤N2, and N2 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0075] In some embodiments, the first carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following phase values:

[0076] The first phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the first codeword;

[0077] The second phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the second codeword;

[0078] The third phase value is a phase value determined based on the first phase value, the second phase value, and the modulation phase difference between the first codeword and the second codeword.

[0079] In some embodiments, reporting the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas to the location management function entity includes:

[0080] Report the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas and one or more of the following associated information to the location management function entity:

[0081] Quality indication information of carrier phase measurements;

[0082] Information related to the receiving antenna;

[0083] Positioning reference signal related information;

[0084] Obtain information related to IoT devices;

[0085] Other measurements besides carrier phase measurements;

[0086] Timestamp information.

[0087] In some embodiments, the quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following:

[0088] First-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0089] Second-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0090] Third-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0091] Confidence information of carrier phase measurements.

[0092] In some embodiments, the difference includes one or more of the following difference methods:

[0093] One-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas;

[0094] One-dimensional difference between different frequency points;

[0095] One-dimensional difference between different timestamps;

[0096] Two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different frequency points;

[0097] Two-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas and different timestamps;

[0098] Two-dimensional difference between different frequencies and different timestamps;

[0099] Three-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas, different frequencies, and different timestamps.

[0100] In some embodiments, the operation further includes:

[0101] The reported carrier phase measurement is determined based on the predefined quality indication information threshold or the quality indication information threshold configured by the location management function entity.

[0102] In some embodiments, the carrier phase measurement is reported in a manner that includes periodic reporting or event-triggered reporting.

[0103] Fourthly, this disclosure also provides a location management functional entity, including a memory, a transceiver, and a processor;

[0104] A memory for storing computer programs; a transceiver for sending and receiving data under the control of the processor; and a processor for reading the computer programs from the memory and performing the following operations:

[0105] The receiver reports N1 carrier phase measurements from the receiving antennas. The carrier phase measurements include either a first carrier phase measurement or a second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentiating the first carrier phase measurement. N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0106] The location information of the powered IoT device is determined based on carrier phase measurements.

[0107] In some embodiments, the first carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following phase values:

[0108] The first phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the first codeword;

[0109] The second phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the second codeword;

[0110] The third phase value is a phase value determined based on the first phase value, the second phase value, and the modulation phase difference between the first codeword and the second codeword.

[0111] In some embodiments, the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas reported by the receiving reader device include:

[0112] The receiver read / write device reports the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas and one or more of the following related information:

[0113] Quality indication information of carrier phase measurements;

[0114] Information related to the receiving antenna;

[0115] Positioning reference signal related information;

[0116] Obtain information related to IoT devices;

[0117] Other measurements besides carrier phase measurements;

[0118] Timestamp information.

[0119] In some embodiments, the quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following:

[0120] First-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0121] Second-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0122] Third-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0123] Confidence information of carrier phase measurements.

[0124] In some embodiments, the difference includes one or more of the following difference methods:

[0125] One-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas;

[0126] One-dimensional difference between different frequency points;

[0127] One-dimensional difference between different timestamps;

[0128] Two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different frequency points;

[0129] Two-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas and different timestamps;

[0130] Two-dimensional difference between different frequencies and different timestamps;

[0131] Three-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas, different frequencies, and different timestamps.

[0132] In some embodiments, the operation further includes:

[0133] Configure quality indication information thresholds for the reader / writer device.

[0134] Fifthly, this disclosure also provides a measurement reporting device, comprising:

[0135] The acquisition unit is used to acquire carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas based on the positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device. The carrier phase measurements include a first carrier phase measurement or a second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentiating the first carrier phase measurement; N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0136] The reporting unit is used to report the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas to the location management function entity.

[0137] Sixthly, this disclosure also provides a carrier phase positioning device, comprising:

[0138] The receiving unit is used to receive the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas reported by the reader device. The carrier phase measurements include a first carrier phase measurement or a second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentiating the first carrier phase measurement; N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0139] The positioning unit is used to determine the location information of the powered Internet of Things (IoT) device based on carrier phase measurements.

[0140] In a seventh aspect, this disclosure also provides a non-transiently readable storage medium storing a program for causing a processor to execute the measurement reporting method described in the first aspect above, or to execute the carrier phase positioning method described in the second aspect above.

[0141] Eighthly, this disclosure also provides a communication device that stores a program for causing the communication device to perform the measurement reporting method described in the first aspect above, or to perform the carrier phase positioning method described in the second aspect above.

[0142] Ninthly, this disclosure also provides a processor-readable storage medium storing a program for causing a processor to perform the measurement reporting method as described in the first aspect above, or to perform the carrier phase positioning method as described in the second aspect above.

[0143] In a tenth aspect, this disclosure also provides a chip product storing a program for causing the chip product to perform the measurement reporting method described in the first aspect above, or to perform the carrier phase positioning method described in the second aspect above.

[0144] The measurement reporting method, carrier phase positioning method, device, apparatus, and medium disclosed herein measure the positioning reference signal transmitted by the A-IoT device through a reader device, and then report the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas. The location management function entity can use the carrier phase measurements of these N1 receiving antennas to jointly solve for the location information of the A-IoT device. Since each receiving antenna is distributed at a different position on the antenna panel array, and the carrier phase contains the distance information between the signal transmitting end (i.e., the A-IoT device) and the signal receiving end (i.e., each receiving antenna), the location information of the A-IoT device can be calculated without time delay measurements by combining the carrier phase measurements of these N1 receiving antennas with their distribution positions. This solves the problem that the carrier phase value of a single antenna needs to be jointly solved for integer ambiguity using time delay measurements, and realizes the application of carrier phase positioning technology in A-IoT devices, thereby helping to achieve high-precision IoT positioning under the premise of low power consumption and low cost. Attached Figure Description

[0145] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0146] Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating the measurement reporting method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0147] Figure 2 is an example diagram of a multi-antenna reader device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0148] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating the carrier phase positioning method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0149] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the reader device or location management function entity provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0150] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the measurement reporting device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0151] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the carrier phase positioning device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0152] In this disclosure, the term "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0153] In this disclosure, the term "multiple" refers to two or more, and other quantifiers are similar.

[0154] In the embodiments of this disclosure, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same class, and the number of objects is not limited; for example, the first object can be one or more.

[0155] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0156] To facilitate a clearer understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, some technical content related to the embodiments of this disclosure will be introduced first.

[0157] In related technologies, such as the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) protocol, various user equipment (UE) positioning methods are defined by measuring the positioning reference signal (PRS) of the 3GPP radio communication system itself. These methods are characterized by positioning based on the PRS of the radio communication system itself, allowing them to operate in environments where external network reference signals cannot be received. Traditional positioning methods defined by the 3GPP protocol, such as OTDOA and UTDOA in Long Term Evolution (LTE) and DL-TDOA and UL-TDOA in New Radio (NR), have relatively low positioning accuracy, while carrier phase positioning technology can effectively improve positioning accuracy. Among them, OTDOA refers to the Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA), UTDOA refers to the Uplink Observed Time Difference of Arrival (UTDOA), DL-TDOA refers to the Downlink Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDOA), and UL-TDOA refers to the Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UL-TDOA).

[0158] Carrier phase contains distance information between the transmitter and receiver. However, the 3GPP protocol defines the range of carrier phase measurements as (0, 2π), meaning it can only represent wavelength information that is a fraction of the ideal distance value, differing from the ideal distance value by several integer multiples of the wavelength. Therefore, carrier phase positioning requires the use of time delay measurements to jointly solve for integer ambiguity.

[0159] For powered IoT devices (such as A-IoT devices or similar devices) within powered IoT systems (such as A-IoT systems, or other similar systems), due to their limited power consumption and capabilities, they lack the ability to transmit signals independently. They typically employ a method where the signal transmitted by the transmitter is modulated by the A-IoT device and then reflected back to the receiver. This results in a small bandwidth for the backscattered or reflected signal, making it difficult to guarantee high accuracy in delay measurements in multipath channel scenarios. Furthermore, accurate delay measurements require high-precision hardware clocks, which are costly.

[0160] Therefore, further research is needed on how to obtain the distance and location information from the A-IoT device to the receiver through the positioning reference signal. If carrier phase positioning technology can be applied in A-IoT devices, it will help to achieve high-precision IoT positioning under the premise of low power consumption and low cost.

[0161] Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating the measurement reporting method provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure. The method is applied to a reader device. As shown in Figure 1, the method includes the following steps 101 and 102.

[0162] Step 101: Based on the positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device, obtain the carrier phase measurement of N1 receiving antennas. The carrier phase measurement includes the first carrier phase measurement or the second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentiating the first carrier phase measurement; N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0163] Step 102: Report the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas to the location management function entity.

[0164] Specifically, in this embodiment of the present disclosure, the reader device has multiple receiving antennas. The reader device can obtain the carrier phase measurement of N1 receiving antennas by measuring the positioning reference signal sent by the A-IoT device, and then report the carrier phase measurement of the N1 receiving antennas to the location management function entity.

[0165] After the reader device reports the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas, the location management function entity can use these N1 receiving antenna measurements to jointly solve for the location information of the A-IoT device. Since each receiving antenna is distributed at a different position on the antenna panel array, and the carrier phase contains the distance information between the signal transmitter (i.e., the A-IoT device) and the signal receiver (i.e., each receiving antenna), the location information of the A-IoT device can be calculated without delay measurement by combining the carrier phase measurements of the N1 receiving antennas with their distribution positions. This solves the problem that the carrier phase value of a single antenna needs to be solved for integer ambiguity using delay measurement, and realizes the application of carrier phase positioning technology in A-IoT devices. This helps to achieve high-precision IoT positioning under the premise of low power consumption and low cost.

[0166] In some embodiments, an A-IoT device refers to the device to be located in an A-IoT system, i.e., a backscattering or reflecting device. It does not have the ability to generate carrier signals itself; instead, it needs to modulate the information to be transmitted onto an external signal and transmit it through its antenna. The external signal is typically a carrier signal (or excitation signal) generated by the reader / writer device. After receiving the incident external signal, the A-IoT device modulates it and transmits the modulated signal through its transmitting antenna.

[0167] In some embodiments, the reader device refers to an A-IoT reader. The reader device can send an excitation signal to the A-IoT device. After receiving the excitation signal, the A-IoT device modulates the excitation signal according to the configured positioning reference signal information, and then backscatters or reflects the excitation signal modulated with the positioning reference signal back to the reader device. The excitation signal modulated with the positioning reference signal is the positioning reference signal sent by the A-IoT device.

[0168] In some embodiments, the reader device can be a terminal or a network device (e.g., a base station). When the reader device is a terminal, the terminal can send the carrier phase measurements of the N1 receiving antennas to its serving base station, which then forwards them to the location management function entity. Alternatively, the terminal can directly send the carrier phase measurements of the N1 receiving antennas to the location management function entity.

[0169] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the location management function entity may include any functional entity that provides location services, and this disclosure does not impose any specific limitations. For example, it may include an existing Location Management Function (LMF) or other functional entities that provide location services that may be defined in the future.

[0170] In some embodiments, the antenna of the reader / writer device can be a uniform rectangular panel array or a uniform linear array. In some monopolar A-IoT positioning systems, to eliminate self-interference from monopolar signals, the transmitting and receiving antennas of the reader / writer device are separated. For example, a single transmitting antenna transmits signals, and multiple receiving antennas receive signals. Here, monopolar refers to monopolar positioning with integrated transceiver, where the reader / writer device actively transmits an excitation signal, which is then modulated by the A-IoT device and received by the same reader / writer device.

[0171] Figure 2 is an example diagram of a multi-antenna reader device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 2, this example diagram illustrates a uniform rectangular panel array, which consists of M... g ×N g It consists of several antenna panels, of which Mg N is the number of antenna panels in a column. g This is the number of antenna panels in a row. The antenna panels are arranged horizontally in groups d... g,H The spacing is evenly distributed, with a vertical direction of d g,V The antenna elements are evenly distributed. On each antenna panel, the antenna elements are evenly distributed along both the horizontal and vertical directions. N is the number of antenna elements in the vertical direction (the number of columns), and M is the number of antenna elements with the same polarization direction in each column (i.e., the number of rows). When numbering the antennas, it is assumed that the antenna array is viewed from directly in front (the direction of the x-axis and y-axis is shown in Figure 2); the antenna panels are single-polarized (P=1) or dual-polarized (P=2). Therefore, a rectangular panel array antenna can be represented by an array (M... g N g It is described using M, N, P).

[0172] If M or N is 0, the rectangular antenna array of the antenna panel degenerates into a linear array. For example, assuming M = 0 and N = 5, the reader device has 1 transmitting antenna and (N-1) = 4 receiving antennas.

[0173] In some embodiments, based on the positioning reference signal transmitted by the powered IoT device, carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas are obtained, including:

[0174] N2 receiving antennas are used to receive the positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device, and the carrier phase measurement of N1 receiving antennas is obtained; N1≤N2, and N2 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0175] For example, assuming the reader device has N2 receiving antennas, where N2 = 4, the reader device can use 4 receiving antennas to receive the positioning reference signal sent by the A-IoT device, and then obtain the carrier phase measurement of some or all of the 4 receiving antennas for reporting, making the reporting method more flexible.

[0176] In some embodiments, the first carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following phase values:

[0177] The first phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the first codeword;

[0178] The second phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the second codeword;

[0179] The third phase value is a phase value determined based on the first phase value, the second phase value, and the modulation phase difference between the first codeword and the second codeword.

[0180] Among them, the positioning reference signal element refers to a single element in the positioning reference signal sequence, and the positioning reference signal sequence refers to the sequence used for positioning reference signals in the A-IoT system, which can be an encoded sequence.

[0181] For example, suppose the encoded sequence of a positioning reference signal of length 8 is: {CW1, CW0, CW1, CW0, CW1, CW0, CW1, CW0, CW1, CW0}. This sequence has 8 positioning reference signal elements. Suppose CW1 represents the first code word (CW) and CW0 represents the second code word. Then the positioning reference signal elements encoded as the first code word are the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th positioning reference signal elements, and the positioning reference signal elements encoded as the second code word are the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th positioning reference signal elements.

[0182] For example, suppose the encoded sequence of a positioning reference signal of length 8 is: {CW1, CW1, CW1, CW1, CW0, CW0, CW0, CW0}. This sequence has 8 positioning reference signal elements. Suppose CW1 represents the first codeword and CW0 represents the second codeword. Then the positioning reference signal elements encoded as the first codeword refer to the 1st to 4th positioning reference signal elements, and the positioning reference signal elements encoded as the second codeword refer to the 5th to 8th positioning reference signal elements.

[0183] The first codeword and the second codeword represent two different codeword states. The first codeword indicates that the A-IoT device needs to backscatter or reflect the positioning reference signal element; the second codeword indicates that the A-IoT device does not backscatter or reflect the positioning reference signal element.

[0184] In some embodiments, the value of the first codeword can be 0 or 1, and the value of the second codeword can be 1 or 0. For example, when CW1 = 1, CW0 = 0; when CW1 = 0, CW0 = 1. For ease of description, CW1 will be used to refer to the first codeword and CW0 to refer to the second codeword in the following text.

[0185] The first phase value refers to the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element coded as CW1 received by the receiving antenna of the reader device. The first phase value is applicable when the modulation method of the A-IoT device is amplitude modulation, phase modulation, or amplitude modulation and frequency modulation. When the positioning reference signal sequence has multiple positioning reference signal elements coded as CW1, the baseband received signals corresponding to these multiple CW1-coded positioning reference signal elements can be averaged before calculating the phase value.

[0186] The second phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element coded as CW0, received on the receiving antenna of the reader device. The second phase value is applicable when the modulation method of the A-IoT device is phase modulation. When the positioning reference signal sequence has multiple positioning reference signal elements coded as CW0, the baseband received signals corresponding to these multiple CW0-coded positioning reference signal elements can be averaged before calculating the phase value.

[0187] The third phase value is determined based on the first phase value, the second phase value, and the modulation phase difference between CW1 and CW0. The third phase value is applicable to A-IoT devices using phase modulation.

[0188] In some implementations, the modulation phase difference between CW1 and CW0 can be used to compensate for the difference in the first phase value, and then the average value of the second phase value and the first phase value after difference compensation can be calculated to obtain the third phase value; or, the modulation phase difference between CW1 and CW0 can be used to compensate for the difference in the second phase value, and then the average value of the first phase value and the second phase value after difference compensation can be calculated to obtain the third phase value.

[0189] For example: Suppose the modulation phase difference between CW1 and CW0 is θ out，CW1 -θ out，CW0 =π, where θ out，CW1 θ represents the modulation phase of CW1. out，CW0 If the modulation phase of CW0 is represented, then the third phase value = mean(first phase value, second phase value + π), or the third phase value = mean(first phase value - π, second phase value). mean means to calculate the average, that is, to divide the sum of multiple values ​​by the number of those values ​​to obtain the average value of those values, for example, mean(a, b) = (a + b) / 2.

[0190] In some embodiments, for the purpose of facilitating signal detection, the number of positioning reference signal elements encoded as CW1 and CW0 in the positioning reference signal sequence is equal.

[0191] The process of obtaining the first carrier phase measurement is illustrated below with an example.

[0192] Assuming the reader device has a linear antenna array, M=0, N=5, the reader device uses a single transmitting antenna (e.g., Ant#1) to transmit data, and (N-1)=4 receiving antennas (e.g., Ant#2~Ant#5) to receive data.

[0193] For a single-carrier system, the transmitted signal s(t) from the reader device's transmitting antenna (Ant#1) can be expressed as:

[0194] Among them, A in f represents the amplitude of the transmitted signal (the subscript in indicates that this amplitude is the amplitude of the signal transmitted to the A-IoT device). c Let φ be the carrier frequency, t be the time variable, and φ be the φ value. in The initial phase (the subscript in indicates that this phase is the initial phase of the signal transmitted to the A-IoT device) is not discussed here, and its elimination problem is not addressed.

[0195] The received signal y reaches the A-IoT device after passing through a single-path wireless channel. in (t) (where the subscript in indicates that the signal is received by the A-IoT device) can be represented as:

[0196] Where h1 is the attenuation caused by the wireless channel, τ1 is the time delay of the signal from the transmitting antenna (Ant#1) of the reader device to the receiving antenna of the A-IoT device through wireless transmission, and w1 is the complex Gaussian receiving noise of the A-IoT device.

[0197] The following provides expressions for the backscattered or reflected transmitted signal of the A-IoT device and the received signal that finally reaches the receiving antenna Ant#n (n takes the value of 2 to N-1) of the reader device, respectively, for three cases: amplitude modulation (AM), amplitude modulation and frequency modulation (AM and FM), and phase modulation (Phase modulation).

[0198] 1. Amplitude modulation

[0199] When an A-IoT device uses amplitude modulation and the positioning reference signal element is encoded as CW1, the backscattered or reflected transmitted signal y of the A-IoT device... out (t) (where the subscript out indicates that the signal is emitted by the A-IoT device) is:

[0200] Among them, A out-CW1 For A-IoT devices, the positioning reference signal is modulated and mapped to the amplitude value of the backscattered or reflected signal (the subscript out-CW1 indicates that this amplitude value is the signal amplitude corresponding to codeword CW1). out-CW0 This indicates that A-IoT devices do not perform backscattering or reflection, i.e., A out-CW0 =0. For example, if the positioning reference signal sequence is: {CW1, CW0, CW1, CW0, CW1, CW0, CW1, CW0, CW1, CW0}, then the corresponding amplitude value is: {A out-CW1 ,0,A out-CW1 ,0,A out-CW1 ,0,A out-CW1 ,0}。 φ scatterThe non-ideal phase caused by phase jumps due to the transmitting circuit and / or reflection in A-IoT devices (the subscript scatter indicates scattering) is not discussed here.

[0201] The backscattered or reflected transmitted signal of the A-IoT device shown in formula (3) passes through a single-path wireless channel and reaches the received signal r of the reader device's receiving antenna Ant#n (n takes values ​​from 2 to N-1). n (t)(subscript n indicates the receiving antenna Ant#n corresponding to this signal) can be represented as:

[0202] Where, τ n β is the time delay from the A-IoT device's transmitting antenna Ant#1 to the reader's receiving antenna Ant#n via wireless transmission (the subscript n indicates the corresponding receiving antenna Ant#n), w3 is the reader's received thermal noise, w2 is the sum of the reader's received thermal noise and the A-IoT device's received thermal noise w1, and β Inter This refers to the DC component of the self-interference signal (subscript Inter indicates self-interference), which is the DC bias portion of the received signal transmitted from the A-IoT device's transmitting antenna Ant#1 to the reader / writer device's receiving antenna Ant#n via the air interface. The reader / writer device's local signal s... L (t) (where the subscript L indicates local) can be represented as:

[0203] Among them, A L The amplitude of the locally generated signal is represented by φ (subscript L indicates local). L Indicates the phase of the locally generated signal (the subscript L indicates local).

[0204] According to the definition of the first phase value, the received signal r corresponding to all positioning reference signal elements coded as CW1 in formula (4) n (t) First calculate the square, then multiply by the local signal s shown in formula (5). L (t) After down-conversion, and finally passing through a low-pass filter (LPF), the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as CW1 can be obtained. (subscript n, A) out-CW1 This indicates the corresponding receiving antenna Ant#n and codeword CW1:

[0205] Where w4 represents the baseband received signal after the above processing. The equivalent noise value included.

[0206] For all positioning reference signal elements coded as CW1, the corresponding baseband received signals Calculating the average, we get:

[0207] in, This represents the average value of w4.

[0208] The carrier phase measurement φ of the signal transmitted from the reader device's antenna Ant#1 to the A-IoT device, and back to the reader device's receiving antenna Ant#n after being backscattered or reflected by the A-IoT device. n (First phase value) (subscript n indicates the corresponding receiving antenna Ant#n) is:

[0209] 2. Amplitude and frequency modulation

[0210] When an A-IoT device uses amplitude modulation and frequency modulation (i.e., when the amplitude is non-zero, different frequencies are used for backscattering or reflection), and the positioning reference signal element codeword is CW1, the backscattered or reflected transmitted signal y of the A-IoT device... out (t) is:

[0211] Among them, f out-CW1 The frequency value (out-cW1) is used by the A-IoT device to modulate and map the positioning reference signal onto the backscattered or reflected signal (the subscript out-cW1 indicates that this frequency value is the signal frequency corresponding to codeword CW1). Codeword CW0 indicates that the A-IoT device does not perform backscattering or reflection. Therefore, in a single-base transceiver mode, when codeword CW0 is used, the reader device does not receive the useful signal transmitted by the reader device's antenna Ant#1. h1, A in f c , τ1, φ in φ scatter The meanings of parameters such as w1 are the same as the definition of amplitude modulation subsections in A-IoT devices.

[0212] The backscattered or reflected transmitted signal of the A-IoT device, as shown in formula (9), passes through a single-path wireless channel and reaches the received signal r of the reader device's receiving antenna Ant#n (n takes values ​​from 2 to N-1). n (t) can be represented as:

[0213] Where w3 is the received thermal noise of the reader device, w2 is the sum of the received thermal noise of the reader device and the received thermal noise w1 of the A-IoT device, and β Inter This represents the DC component of the self-interference signal.

[0214] Local signal s L (t) can be represented as:

[0215] Among them, A L φ represents the amplitude of the locally generated signal. L This indicates the phase of the locally generated signal.

[0216] According to the definition of the first phase value, the received signal r corresponding to all positioning reference signal elements coded as CW1 in formula (10) n (t) First calculate the square, then multiply by the local signal s shown in formula (11). L (t) After down-conversion, and finally through a low-pass filter (LPF), the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as CW1 can be obtained. (subscript n, f) out-CW1 This indicates the corresponding receiving antenna Ant#n and codeword CW1:

[0217] Where w4 represents the baseband received signal after the above processing. The equivalent noise value included.

[0218] For all positioning reference signal elements coded as CW1, the corresponding baseband received signals Calculating the average, we get:

[0219] in, This represents the average value of w4.

[0220] The carrier phase measurement φ of the signal received by the reader device's transmitting antenna Ant#1 reaches the A-IoT device and returns to the reader device's receiving antenna Ant#n after being backscattered or reflected by the A-IoT device. n (First phase value) is:

[0221] 3. Phase adjustment

[0222] When an A-IoT device uses phase modulation (i.e., using different phases θ for the two parts coded as CW1 and CW0 respectively) out，CW1 and θ out,CW0 (Backscattering or reflection), the emitted signal y of the A-IoT device is backscattered or reflected. out (t) is:

[0223] Where, θ out Includes θ out,CW1 (subscript out, CW1 indicates the corresponding codeword CW1) and θ out,CW0(The subscript out, CW0 indicates the corresponding codeword CW0) Two values, the difference of which can be equal to π, or π / 2, or other non-zero values. h1 、 A in f c , τ1, φ in φ scatter The meanings of parameters such as w1 are the same as the definition of amplitude modulation subsections in A-IoT devices.

[0224] The reader device receives the signal r n (t) can be represented as:

[0225] Where w2 and w3 represent the sum of the received thermal noise of the reader device and the received thermal noise of the A-IoT device under codeword CW1 and CW0 conditions, respectively, β Inter This represents the DC component of the self-interference signal.

[0226] Local signal s L (t) can be represented as:

[0227] Among them, A L φ represents the amplitude of the locally generated signal. L This indicates the phase of the locally generated signal.

[0228] 3.1 According to the definition of the first phase value, the received signal r corresponding to all positioning reference signal elements coded as CW1 in formula (16) n (t) First calculate the square, then multiply by the local signal s shown in formula (17). L (t) After down-conversion, and finally through a low-pass filter (LPF), the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as CW1 can be obtained. (Subscript n, θout-CWx represent the corresponding receiving antenna Ant#n and codeword CW1):

[0229] Where w4 represents the baseband received signal after the above processing. The equivalent noise value included.

[0230] For all positioning reference signal elements coded as CW1, the corresponding baseband received signals Calculating the average, we get:

[0231] in, This represents the average value of w4.

[0232] The carrier phase measurement φ of the signal received by the reader device's transmitting antenna Ant#1 reaches the A-IoT device and returns to the reader device's receiving antenna Ant#n after being backscattered or reflected by the A-IoT device. n (First phase value) is:

[0233] 3.2 According to the definition of the second phase value, the received signal r corresponding to all positioning reference signal elements coded as CW0 in formula (16) n (t) First calculate the square, then multiply by the local signal s shown in formula (17). L (t) After down-conversion, and finally through a low-pass filter (LPF), the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element with coded codeword CW0 can be obtained. (subscript n, θ) out-CW0 This indicates the corresponding receiving antenna Ant#n and codeword CW0:

[0234] Where w4 represents the baseband received signal after the above processing. The equivalent noise value included.

[0235] For all positioning reference signal elements coded as CW0, the corresponding baseband received signals Calculating the average, we get:

[0236] in, This represents the average value of w4.

[0237] The carrier phase measurement φ of the signal received by the reader device's transmitting antenna Ant#1 reaches the A-IoT device and returns to the reader device's receiving antenna Ant#n after being backscattered or reflected by the A-IoT device. n (Second phase value) is:

[0238] 3.3 According to the definition of the third phase value, when the positioning reference signal sequence has multiple positioning reference signal elements coded as CW1 and CW0, the first phase value (denoted as φ) corresponding to CW1 can be calculated first. n (def1,CW1)) and the second phase value corresponding to CW0 (denoted as φ) n (def2,CW0)), then after compensating for the difference in modulation phase between CW1 and CW0, the average is calculated to obtain the third phase value. Assume the modulation phase difference between CW1 and CW0 is θ. out,CW1 -θ out,CW0 Then the third phase value φ n (def3) can be calculated using one of the following formulas: φn (def3)=mean(φ n (def1,CW1), φ n (def2,CW0)+θ out,CW1 -θ out,CW0 (24) φ n (def3)=mean(φ n (def1,CW1)-(θ out,CW1 -θ out,CW0 )φ n (def2,CW0) (25)

[0239] In some embodiments, reporting the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas to the location management function entity includes:

[0240] Report the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas and one or more of the following associated information to the location management function entity:

[0241] (1) Quality indication information of carrier phase measurement.

[0242] (2) Receiving antenna related information.

[0243] The receiving antenna-related information includes at least one of the following: the index of the receiving antenna; the location of the reference point of the receiving antenna; the index of the reference antenna; the location of the reference point of the reference antenna; the spacing between different receiving antennas and the reference antenna; the RF channel index corresponding to the receiving antenna or its associated TEG index or PEG index. The reference antenna-related information is used by the reader device to perform phase measurement differential between different receiving antennas and the same reference antenna. For a uniform rectangular panel array antenna, the antenna index contains two-dimensional information, such as (0,0), (0,1), etc., as shown in Figure 2; for a uniform linear array antenna, the antenna index contains one-dimensional information. TEG refers to Timing Error Group (TEG), and PEG refers to Phase Error Group (PEG).

[0244] In some embodiments, when the base station is used as a reader / writer device, the reference point of the antenna can be defined in the following two ways:

[0245] Definition 1: Similar to the uplink reference signal carrier phase (RSCP) defined in 3GPP R18, the reference point for the receiving antenna can be the receiving antenna connection point, the receiving antenna itself, or the transceiver array boundary connector corresponding to the receiving antenna, depending on the base station type.

[0246] Definition 2: The antenna phase center (APC) of the base station can be used as the reference point for the antenna. The base station needs to provide the phase center offset (PCO) information at the connection between the APC and the antenna to the location management function entity.

[0247] In some embodiments, when the terminal is used as a reader / writer device, the reference point of the antenna can be defined in the following two ways:

[0248] Definition 1: Similar to the uplink RSCP or Reference Signal Carrier Phase Difference (RSCPD) defined in 3GPP R18, for the FR1 band, the reference point of the receiving antenna is the antenna connector, and for the FR2 band, the reference point of the receiving antenna is the receiving antenna itself. The FR1 band refers to Frequency Range #1 (<6GHz), and the FR2 band refers to Frequency Range #2 (>6GHz).

[0249] Definition 2: The terminal's APC can be used as the antenna reference point. The terminal needs to provide the PCO information at the connection between the APC and the antenna to the location management function entity.

[0250] (3) Positioning reference signal related information.

[0251] The location reference signal related information includes at least one of the following: frequency point information of the location reference signal (e.g., fc_1, fc_2, ..., fc_F, a total of F frequency points, F≥1); resource index of the location reference signal; and transmit antenna information associated with the location reference signal. The transmit antenna information includes at least one of the following: transmit antenna index; transmit RF channel; transmit TEG; transmit PEG.

[0252] (4) Obtain information related to IoT devices.

[0253] The information related to the enabled IoT device includes, for example, at least one of the following: A-IoT device identifier; A-IoT device type. The A-IoT device type includes, for example, a target A-IoT device and a reference A-IoT device.

[0254] (5) Other measurements besides carrier phase measurements.

[0255] Other measurements could include power measurements, time delay measurements, angle measurements, etc. The angle measurement is a value calculated based on carrier phase measurements on the receiving antenna of different reader devices.

[0256] (6) Timestamp information.

[0257] This timestamp information is used to obtain the timestamp of the positioning reference signal used for carrier phase measurement. The unit can be a second, radio frame, subframe, millisecond, or other time unit, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0258] In some embodiments, the quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following:

[0259] (1) Statistical information of the first moment of carrier phase measurement.

[0260] The statistical information of this first moment includes, for example, the mean and the maximum range.

[0261] (2) Statistical information of the second moment of carrier phase measurement.

[0262] The statistical information of the second moment includes, for example, standard deviation, variance, mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and root mean square.

[0263] (3) Statistical information of the third moment of carrier phase measurement.

[0264] The third-order moment statistics include, for example, skewness and skewness (used to describe the degree of skewness in the data distribution).

[0265] (4) Confidence information of carrier phase measurement.

[0266] This confidence information includes, for example, the confidence level and the resolution (granularity) of the confidence level.

[0267] For example, assuming the confidence level is {0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1} and the granularity is 0.1, the higher the confidence level, the more reliable the carrier phase measurement, and vice versa. 1 indicates that the carrier phase measurement is completely reliable, and 0 indicates that the carrier phase measurement is unreliable.

[0268] For example: assuming the reliability is {0, 1 / 2} Q , 2 / 2 Q , …, (2 Q -1) / 2 Q ,1}, particle size is 1 / 2 Q (Q is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2). The higher the confidence level, the more reliable the carrier phase measurement, and vice versa. 1 indicates that the carrier phase measurement is completely reliable, and 0 indicates that the carrier phase measurement is unreliable.

[0269] In some embodiments, the difference includes one or more of the following difference methods:

[0270] (1) One-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas.

[0271] For example, the second carrier phase measurement obtained by one-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas is denoted as Δ. rx φ n Δ rx φ n =φ n -φ n_ref Where n_ref is the reference receiving antenna index, n is the receiving antenna index, and φ n_ref It is the first carrier phase measurement on the reference receiving antenna, φ n It is the first carrier phase measurement on the receiving antenna Ant#n, n≠n_ref.

[0272] (2) One-dimensional difference between different frequency points.

[0273] For example, the second carrier phase measurement obtained by one-dimensional difference between different frequency points is denoted as Δ. fc φ p Δ fc φ p =φ n (fc p )-φ n (fc p_ref ), where fc p_ref It is the reference frequency index, fc p It is a frequency index, φ n (fc p_ref ) is the first carrier phase measurement on the receiving antenna Ant#n corresponding to the reference frequency point, φ n (fc p ) is the corresponding frequency point fc on the receiving antenna Ant#n. p The first carrier phase measurement, fc p ≠fc p_ref .

[0274] (3) One-dimensional difference between different timestamps.

[0275] For example, the second carrier phase measurement obtained by one-dimensional difference between different timestamps is denoted as Δ. ts φ t Δ ts φ t =φ n (fc p ,ts t )-φ n (fc p ,ts t_ref), where ts t_ref It refers to the timestamp index, ts t It is a timestamp index, φ n (fc p ,ts t_ref ) is the corresponding frequency point fc on the receiving antenna Ant#n. p The first carrier phase measurement, φ, and the reference timestamp n (fc p ,ts t ) is the corresponding frequency point fc on the receiving antenna Ant#n. p and timestamp ts t The first carrier phase measurement, ts t ≠ts t_ref .

[0276] (4) Two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different frequency points.

[0277] For example, the second carrier phase measurement obtained by two-dimensional differential analysis between different receiving antennas and different frequency points is denoted as Δ. rx Δ fc φ n,p Δ rx Δ fc φ n,p =Δ rx φ n (fc p )-Δ rx φ n (fc p_ref ), or Δ rx Δ fc φ n,p =Δ fc φ p (n)-Δ rx φ n (n_ref). Δ rx φ n (fc p ) indicates frequency point fc p The one-dimensional difference between the corresponding different receiving antennas, Δ rx φ n (fc p_ref ) represents the one-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas corresponding to the reference frequency point, Δ fc φ p (n) represents the one-dimensional difference between different frequency points corresponding to the receiving antenna Ant#n, Δ rx φ n (n_ref) represents the one-dimensional difference between different frequency points corresponding to the reference receiving antenna.

[0278] (5) Two-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas and different timestamps.

[0279] For example, the second carrier phase measurement obtained by two-dimensional differential analysis between different receiving antennas and different timestamps is denoted as Δ. rx Δ ts φ n,t Δ rx Δ ts φ n,t =Δ rx φ n (ts t )-Δ rx φ n (ts t_ref ), or Δ rx Δ ts φ n,t =Δ ts φ t (n)-Δ ts φ t (n_ref). Δ rx φ n (ts t ) represents the timestamp ts t The one-dimensional difference between the corresponding different receiving antennas, Δ rx φ n (ts t_ref ) represents the one-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas corresponding to the reference timestamp, Δ ts φ t (n) represents the one-dimensional difference between different timestamps corresponding to the receiving antenna Ant#n, Δ ts φ t (n_ref) represents the one-dimensional difference between different timestamps corresponding to the reference receiving antenna.

[0280] (6) Two-dimensional difference between different frequencies and different timestamps.

[0281] For example, the second carrier phase measurement obtained by two-dimensional differential analysis between different frequency points and different timestamps is denoted as Δ. fc Δ ts φ p,t Δ fc Δ ts φ p,t =Δ ts φ t (fc p )-Δ ts φ t (fc p_ref ), or Δ fc Δ ts φ p,t =Δ fc φ p (ts t )-Δfc φ p (ts t_ref ). Δ ts φ t (fc p ) indicates frequency point fc p The one-dimensional difference between the corresponding different timestamps, Δ ts φ t (fc p_ref ) represents the one-dimensional difference between different timestamps corresponding to the reference frequency point, Δ fc φ p (ts t ) represents the timestamp ts t The one-dimensional difference between the corresponding different frequency points, Δ fc φ p (ts t_ref ) represents the one-dimensional difference between different frequency points corresponding to the reference timestamp.

[0282] (7) Three-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas, different frequencies and different timestamps.

[0283] For example, the second carrier phase measurement obtained by three-dimensional differential analysis between different receiving antennas, different frequency points, and different timestamps is denoted as Δ. rx Δ fc Δ ts φ n,p,t ,So:

[0284] Δ rx Δ fc Δ ts φ n,p,t =Δ rx Δ fc φ n,p (ts t )-Δ rx Δ fc φ n,p (ts t_ref ),or

[0285] Δ rx Δ fc Δ ts φ n,p,t =Δ rx Δ ts φ n,t (fc p )-Δ rx Δ ts φ n,t (fc p_ref ), or Δ rx Δ fc Δ ts φ n,p,t =Δ fc Δts φ p,t (n)-Δ fc Δ ts φ p,t (n_ref).

[0286] Where, Δ rx Δ fc φ n,p (ts t ) represents the timestamp ts t The corresponding two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different frequency points, Δ rx Δ fc φ n,p (ts t_ref ) represents the two-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas and different frequency points corresponding to the reference timestamp, Δ rx Δ ts φ n,t (fc p ) indicates frequency point fc p The corresponding two-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas and different timestamps, Δ rx Δ ts φ n,t (fc p_ref ) represents the two-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas and different timestamps corresponding to the reference frequency point, Δ fc Δ ts φ p,t (n) represents the two-dimensional difference between different frequency points and different timestamps corresponding to the receiving antenna Ant#n, Δ fc Δ ts φ p,t (n_ref) represents the two-dimensional difference between different frequency points and different timestamps corresponding to the reference receiving antenna.

[0287] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0288] The reported carrier phase measurement is determined based on the predefined quality indication information threshold or the quality indication information threshold configured by the location management function entity.

[0289] For example, after the reader device obtains the carrier phase measurements of N2 receiving antennas, it determines the quality indication information of each carrier phase measurement, and then selects the N1 carrier phase measurements that need to be reported according to the quality indication information threshold. This quality indication information threshold can be predefined by the protocol, or it can be configured by the location management function entity to the reader device.

[0290] In some embodiments, the carrier phase measurement is reported in a manner that includes periodic reporting or event-triggered reporting.

[0291] For example, the location management function entity can configure the carrier phase measurement reporting cycle for the reader device. Alternatively, the location management function entity can notify the reader device via dedicated signaling to trigger the reader device to report carrier phase measurements.

[0292] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating the carrier phase positioning method provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure. The method is applied to a location management function entity. As shown in Figure 3, the method includes the following steps 301 and 302.

[0293] Step 301: Receive the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas reported by the reader device. The carrier phase measurements include the first carrier phase measurement or the second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentiating the first carrier phase measurement; N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0294] Step 302: Determine the location information of the powered IoT device based on carrier phase measurement.

[0295] Specifically, in this embodiment of the disclosure, the reader device has multiple receiving antennas. The reader device can obtain the carrier phase measurement of N1 receiving antennas by measuring the positioning reference signal sent by the A-IoT device, and then report the carrier phase measurement of the N1 receiving antennas to the location management function entity.

[0296] After the reader device reports the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas, the location management function entity can use these N1 receiving antenna measurements to jointly solve for the location information of the A-IoT device. Since each receiving antenna is distributed at a different position on the antenna panel array, and the carrier phase contains the distance information between the signal transmitter (i.e., the A-IoT device) and the signal receiver (i.e., each receiving antenna), the location information of the A-IoT device can be calculated without delay measurement by combining the carrier phase measurements of the N1 receiving antennas with their distribution positions. This solves the problem that the carrier phase value of a single antenna needs to be solved for integer ambiguity using delay measurement, and realizes the application of carrier phase positioning technology in A-IoT devices. This helps to achieve high-precision IoT positioning under the premise of low power consumption and low cost.

[0297] In some embodiments, the first carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following phase values:

[0298] The first phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the first codeword;

[0299] The second phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the second codeword;

[0300] The third phase value is a phase value determined based on the first phase value, the second phase value, and the modulation phase difference between the first codeword and the second codeword.

[0301] In some embodiments, the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas reported by the receiving reader device include:

[0302] The receiver read / write device reports the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas and one or more of the following related information:

[0303] Quality indication information of carrier phase measurements;

[0304] Information related to the receiving antenna;

[0305] Positioning reference signal related information;

[0306] Obtain information related to IoT devices;

[0307] Other measurements besides carrier phase measurements;

[0308] Timestamp information.

[0309] In some embodiments, the quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following:

[0310] First-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0311] Second-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0312] Third-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0313] Confidence information of carrier phase measurements.

[0314] In some embodiments, the difference includes one or more of the following difference methods:

[0315] One-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas;

[0316] One-dimensional difference between different frequency points;

[0317] One-dimensional difference between different timestamps;

[0318] Two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different frequency points;

[0319] Two-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas and different timestamps;

[0320] Two-dimensional difference between different frequencies and different timestamps;

[0321] Three-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas, different frequencies, and different timestamps.

[0322] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0323] Configure quality indication information thresholds for the reader / writer device.

[0324] The methods provided in the various embodiments of this disclosure are based on the same technical concept, so the implementation of each method can be referred to each other, and repeated parts will not be described again.

[0325] The methods provided in the above embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated by specific examples below.

[0326] Example 1: The reader / writer device is a base station. The antenna of the reader / writer device is a linear array, M=0, N=5. The reader / writer device uses a single transmitting antenna to transmit data and (N-1) receiving antennas to receive data. The modulation method of the A-IoT device is amplitude modulation or phase modulation.

[0327] The following sections will illustrate the solution in Example 1 from the perspectives of reader devices, A-IoT devices, and location management function entities.

[0328] Reader / writer equipment (base station):

[0329] Step 1: The reader device receives the excitation signal configuration information and positioning reference signal configuration information from the location management function entity. The reader device can also receive quality indication information thresholds configured by the location management function entity.

[0330] Step 2: The reader device uses a transmitting antenna to send an excitation signal.

[0331] Step 3: The (N-1) receiving antennas of the reader device perform measurement processing on the received positioning reference signals according to the positioning reference signal configuration information provided by the location management function entity (for specific measurement processing methods, please refer to the definitions of the first phase value, the second phase value, and the third phase value mentioned above), and obtain the first carrier phase measurement quantity and its associated information on the (N-1) receiving antennas.

[0332] Step 4: The reader device reports the carrier phase measurements (first carrier phase measurement or second carrier phase measurement) and their associated information obtained from the N1 receiving antennas to the location management function entity. N1≤(N-1).

[0333] In step 4, the reader device can autonomously determine the carrier phase measurement quantities that need to be reported; or, the location management function entity can configure a quality indication information threshold for the reader device, which is used to assist the reader device in determining the carrier phase measurement quantities that need to be reported from the first carrier phase measurement quantities on (N-1) receiving antennas.

[0334] The reporting formats for carrier phase measurements include differential and non-differential. Non-differential refers to directly reporting the first carrier phase measurement on the receiving antenna; differential refers to reporting the second carrier phase measurement on the receiving antenna. Specific differential methods can include differential (one-dimensional differential) of the first carrier phase measurement between different receiving antennas and the same reference receiving antenna; differential (one-dimensional differential) of the first carrier phase measurement between different frequency points; differential (one-dimensional differential) of the first carrier phase measurement between different times; two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different frequency points; two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different timestamps; two-dimensional differential between different frequency points and different timestamps; and three-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas, different frequency points, and different timestamps.

[0335] A-IoT devices (devices to be located):

[0336] Step 1: Receive the excitation signal transmitted by the reader device's transmitting antenna, and modulate it (amplitude modulation or phase modulation) according to the positioning reference signal information configured by the location management function entity or serving base station and the modulation indication information. Then, backscatter or reflect the excitation signal modulated with the positioning reference signal back to the reader device. Signal processing for amplitude modulation or phase modulation can be found above and will not be repeated here.

[0337] Location management function entity:

[0338] Step 1: Upon receiving a positioning request from an A-IoT device, the location management entity configures the reader device to send a single-carrier excitation signal and sends the configuration notification to the reader device. The location management entity also configures the A-IoT device to use a backscattered or reflected positioning reference signal and sends the configuration notification to the A-IoT device via the reader device's R2D (Reader to Device) channel. The location management entity can also configure quality indication information thresholds for the reader device.

[0339] To facilitate signal detection, the number of positioning reference signal elements coded as CW1 and CW0 in the positioning reference signal sequence can be configured to be equal.

[0340] The location management function entity can include modulation indication information in the location reference signal configuration information configured for A-IoT devices, indicating the modulation method used by the A-IoT devices.

[0341] Step 2: The location management function entity receives the carrier phase measurements and related information of the N1 receiving antennas reported by the reader device.

[0342] Step 3: The location management function entity determines the location information of the A-IoT device based on the carrier phase measurements of the multiple receiving antennas reported by one or more reader devices and their associated information, combined with the known location information of one or more reader devices.

[0343] For example, based on a predefined or signaling-notified quality indication threshold, the location management entity selects carrier phase measurements reported by each reader device, choosing those with a quality indication (e.g., confidence level) greater than the threshold as valid carrier phase measurements. This process is performed on all reporting reader devices, acquiring valid carrier phase measurements from multiple receiving antennas of one or more reader devices. Then, based on these valid carrier phase measurements and the known location information of one or more reader devices, the location information of the A-IoT device is determined.

[0344] Example 2: The reader / writer device is a terminal. The antenna of the reader / writer device is a linear array, M=0, N=5. The reader / writer device uses a single transmitting antenna to transmit data and (N-1) receiving antennas to receive data. The modulation method of the A-IoT device is amplitude modulation and frequency modulation.

[0345] The following sections will illustrate the solution in Example 1 from the perspectives of reader devices, A-IoT devices, and location management function entities.

[0346] Reader / writer device (terminal):

[0347] Step 1: The reader device receives the excitation signal configuration information and positioning reference signal configuration information from the location management function entity or the serving base station. The reader device can also receive quality indication information thresholds configured by the location management function entity.

[0348] Step 2: The reader device uses a transmitting antenna to send an excitation signal.

[0349] Step 3: The (N-1) receiving antennas of the reader device perform measurement processing on the received positioning reference signal according to the positioning reference signal configuration information provided by the location management function entity or the serving base station (for specific measurement processing methods, please refer to the definitions of the first phase value, the second phase value and the third phase value mentioned above), and obtain the first carrier phase measurement quantity and its associated information on the (N-1) receiving antennas.

[0350] Step 4: The reader / writer device reports the carrier phase measurements (first carrier phase measurement or second carrier phase measurement) and their associated information obtained from the N1 receiving antennas to the serving base station or the location management function entity. If the reader / writer device is a terminal, the terminal can first report to the serving base station, which then reports to the location management function entity; alternatively, the terminal can directly report to the location management function entity. N1 ≤ (N-1).

[0351] In step 4, the reader device can autonomously determine the carrier phase measurement quantities that need to be reported; or, the location management function entity can configure a quality indication information threshold for the reader device, which is used to assist the reader device in determining the carrier phase measurement quantities that need to be reported from the first carrier phase measurement quantities on (N-1) receiving antennas.

[0352] The reporting formats for carrier phase measurements include differential and non-differential. Non-differential refers to directly reporting the first carrier phase measurement on the receiving antenna; differential refers to reporting the second carrier phase measurement on the receiving antenna. Specific differential methods can include differential (one-dimensional differential) of the first carrier phase measurement between different receiving antennas and the same reference receiving antenna; differential (one-dimensional differential) of the first carrier phase measurement between different frequency points; differential (one-dimensional differential) of the first carrier phase measurement between different times; two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different frequency points; two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different timestamps; two-dimensional differential between different frequency points and different timestamps; and three-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas, different frequency points, and different timestamps.

[0353] A-IoT devices (devices to be located):

[0354] Step 1: Receive the excitation signal transmitted by the reader device's transmitting antenna, and modulate it (amplitude modulation and frequency modulation) according to the positioning reference signal information configured by the location management function entity or serving base station and the modulation indication information. Then, backscatter or reflect the excitation signal modulated with the positioning reference signal back to the reader device. The signal processing for amplitude modulation and frequency modulation can be found above and will not be repeated here.

[0355] Location management function entity:

[0356] Step 1: Upon receiving a positioning request from an A-IoT device, the location management entity configures the reader device to send a single-carrier excitation signal and sends the configuration notification to the reader device. The location management entity also configures the A-IoT device to use a backscattered or reflected positioning reference signal and sends the configuration notification to the A-IoT device via the reader device's R2D channel. The location management entity can also configure quality indication information thresholds for the reader device.

[0357] To facilitate signal detection, the number of positioning reference signal elements coded as CW1 and CW0 in the positioning reference signal sequence can be configured to be equal.

[0358] The location management function entity can include modulation indication information in the location reference signal configuration information configured for A-IoT devices, indicating the modulation method used by the A-IoT devices.

[0359] When the reader / writer device is a terminal, the location management function entity can first negotiate with the serving base station of the terminal, and the serving base station determines the configuration of the single-carrier excitation signal and the positioning reference signal. Then, the location management function entity configures the reader / writer device accordingly.

[0360] Step 2: The location management function entity receives the carrier phase measurements and related information of the N1 receiving antennas reported by the reader device.

[0361] Step 3: The location management function entity determines the location information of the A-IoT device based on the carrier phase measurements of the multiple receiving antennas reported by one or more reader devices and their associated information, combined with the known location information of one or more reader devices.

[0362] For example, based on a predefined or signaling-notified quality indication threshold, the location management entity selects carrier phase measurements reported by each reader device, choosing those with a quality indication (e.g., confidence level) greater than the threshold as valid carrier phase measurements. This process is performed on all reporting reader devices, acquiring valid carrier phase measurements from multiple receiving antennas of one or more reader devices. Then, based on these valid carrier phase measurements and the known location information of one or more reader devices, the location information of the A-IoT device is determined.

[0363] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reader device or location management function entity provided in the embodiments of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 4, the reader device or location management function entity includes a memory 420, a transceiver 410 and a processor 400; wherein, the processor 400 and the memory 420 may also be physically arranged separately.

[0364] The memory 420 is used to store computer programs; the transceiver 410 is used to send and receive data under the control of the processor 400.

[0365] In Figure 4, the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linking various circuits of one or more processors represented by processor 400 and memory represented by memory 420. The bus architecture may also link various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described in detail herein. The bus interface provides an interface. Transceiver 410 may be multiple elements, including transmitters and receivers, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium, including wireless channels, wired channels, optical fibers, and other transmission media.

[0366] The processor 400 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, while the memory 420 can store the data used by the processor 400 when performing operations.

[0367] The processor 400 can be a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or a complex programmable logic device (CPLD). The processor can also adopt a multi-core architecture.

[0368] The processor 400 executes any of the methods provided in this disclosure on the reader device side or the location management function entity side according to the obtained executable instructions by calling the computer program stored in the memory 420.

[0369] It should be noted that the reader device or location management function entity provided in the embodiments of this disclosure can implement all the method steps implemented in the corresponding side method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effect. Here, the parts that are the same as those in the method embodiments and the beneficial effects will not be described in detail.

[0370] The apparatus provided in the embodiments of this disclosure is described below, and the apparatus described below can be referred to in correspondence with the method described above.

[0371] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the measurement reporting device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 5, the device includes:

[0372] The acquisition unit 510 is used to acquire carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas based on the positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device. The carrier phase measurements include a first carrier phase measurement or a second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentiating the first carrier phase measurement; N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0373] The reporting unit 520 is used to report the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas to the location management function entity.

[0374] In some embodiments, based on the positioning reference signal transmitted by the powered IoT device, carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas are obtained, including:

[0375] N2 receiving antennas are used to receive the positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device, and the carrier phase measurement of N1 receiving antennas is obtained; N1≤N2, and N2 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0376] In some embodiments, the first carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following phase values:

[0377] The first phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the first codeword;

[0378] The second phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the second codeword;

[0379] The third phase value is a phase value determined based on the first phase value, the second phase value, and the modulation phase difference between the first codeword and the second codeword.

[0380] In some embodiments, reporting the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas to the location management function entity includes:

[0381] Report the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas and one or more of the following associated information to the location management function entity:

[0382] Quality indication information of carrier phase measurements;

[0383] Information related to the receiving antenna;

[0384] Positioning reference signal related information;

[0385] Obtain information related to IoT devices;

[0386] Other measurements besides carrier phase measurements;

[0387] Timestamp information.

[0388] In some embodiments, the quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following:

[0389] First-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0390] Second-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0391] Third-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0392] Confidence information of carrier phase measurements.

[0393] In some embodiments, the difference includes one or more of the following difference methods:

[0394] One-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas;

[0395] One-dimensional difference between different frequency points;

[0396] One-dimensional difference between different timestamps;

[0397] Two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different frequency points;

[0398] Two-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas and different timestamps;

[0399] Two-dimensional difference between different frequencies and different timestamps;

[0400] Three-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas, different frequencies, and different timestamps.

[0401] In some embodiments, the device further includes:

[0402] The determination unit is used to determine the reported carrier phase measurement based on a predefined quality indication information threshold or a quality indication information threshold configured by the location management function entity.

[0403] In some embodiments, the carrier phase measurement is reported in a manner that includes periodic reporting or event-triggered reporting.

[0404] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the carrier phase positioning device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 6, the device includes:

[0405] The receiving unit 610 is used to receive the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas reported by the reader device. The carrier phase measurements include a first carrier phase measurement or a second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentially dividing the first carrier phase measurement; N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0406] The positioning unit 620 is used to determine the location information of the powered Internet of Things device based on carrier phase measurements.

[0407] In some embodiments, the first carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following phase values:

[0408] The first phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the first codeword;

[0409] The second phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the second codeword;

[0410] The third phase value is a phase value determined based on the first phase value, the second phase value, and the modulation phase difference between the first codeword and the second codeword.

[0411] In some embodiments, the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas reported by the receiving reader device include:

[0412] The receiver read / write device reports the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas and one or more of the following related information:

[0413] Quality indication information of carrier phase measurements;

[0414] Information related to the receiving antenna;

[0415] Positioning reference signal related information;

[0416] Obtain information related to IoT devices;

[0417] Other measurements besides carrier phase measurements;

[0418] Timestamp information.

[0419] In some embodiments, the quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following:

[0420] First-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0421] Second-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0422] Third-order moment statistics of carrier phase measurements;

[0423] Confidence information of carrier phase measurements.

[0424] In some embodiments, the difference includes one or more of the following difference methods:

[0425] One-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas;

[0426] One-dimensional difference between different frequency points;

[0427] One-dimensional difference between different timestamps;

[0428] Two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different frequency points;

[0429] Two-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas and different timestamps;

[0430] Two-dimensional difference between different frequencies and different timestamps;

[0431] Three-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas, different frequencies, and different timestamps.

[0432] In some embodiments, the device further includes:

[0433] The configuration unit is used to configure quality indication information thresholds for the reader device.

[0434] It should be noted that the apparatus provided in this embodiment can implement all the method steps implemented in the corresponding method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. Therefore, the parts and beneficial effects that are the same as those in the method embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0435] It should be noted that the division of units in the embodiments of this disclosure is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division. In actual implementation, other division methods may be used. Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this disclosure can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated units described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional units.

[0436] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a processor-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this disclosure, in essence, or the part that contributes to related technologies, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this disclosure. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0437] On the other hand, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a processor-readable storage medium storing a program for causing a processor to execute the measurement reporting method or carrier phase positioning method provided in the above embodiments.

[0438] It should be noted that the processor-readable storage medium provided in this embodiment can implement all the method steps implemented in the above method embodiments and achieve the same technical effect. Therefore, the parts and beneficial effects that are the same as those in the method embodiments will not be described in detail here.

[0439] The processor-readable storage medium can be any available medium or data storage device that the processor can access, including but not limited to magnetic memory (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, magneto-optical disk (MO)), optical memory (e.g., CD, DVD, BD, HVD), and semiconductor memory (e.g., ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, non-volatile memory (NAND FLASH), solid-state drive (SSD)).

[0440] The technical solutions provided in this disclosure can be applied to a variety of systems. For example, applicable systems may include Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems, Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) systems, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) systems, 5G New Radio (NR) systems and their evolved communication systems, and 6G (sixth generation mobile communication technology) systems. These systems may include terminal equipment and network equipment. The systems may also include a core network component, such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G core network (5GC), or a 6G core network.

[0441] The terminals disclosed in this embodiment can be devices that provide voice and / or data connectivity to users, handheld devices with wireless connectivity, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem. The names of the terminals may differ in different systems; for example, in a 5G system, a terminal may be called User Equipment (UE). Wireless terminal devices can communicate with one or more core networks (CNs) via a Radio Access Network (RAN). Wireless terminal devices can be mobile terminal devices, such as mobile phones (or "cellular" phones) and computers with mobile terminal devices, for example, portable, pocket-sized, handheld, computer-embedded, or vehicle-mounted mobile devices that exchange voice and / or data with the RAN. Examples include Personal Communication Service (PCS) phones, cordless phones, Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) phones, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) stations, and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs). Wireless terminal equipment can also be referred to as a system, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, access point, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, user agent, or user device, but is not limited to these terms in the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0442] The network device disclosed in this embodiment may be a base station, which may include multiple cells providing services to terminals. Depending on the specific application, the base station may also be called an access point, or a device in the access network that communicates with the wireless terminal device through one or more sectors on the air interface, or other names. The network device may be used to exchange received air frames with Internet Protocol (IP) packets, acting as a router between the wireless terminal device and the rest of the access network, where the rest of the access network may include an Internet Protocol (IP) communication network. The network device may also coordinate the attribute management of the air interface. For example, the network equipment involved in this disclosure can be a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) in a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), a base station (NodeB) in Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), an evolved Node B (eNB or e-NodeB) in a long term evolution (LTE) system, a 5G base station (gNB) in a next generation system, a Home evolved Node B (HeNB), a relay node, a femto, a pico, etc., and is not limited in this disclosure. In some network structures, the network equipment may include centralized unit (CU) nodes and distributed unit (DU) nodes, and the centralized unit and distributed unit may be geographically separated.

[0443] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this disclosure can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this disclosure can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this disclosure can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage and optical storage) containing computer-usable program code.

[0444] This disclosure is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this disclosure. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-executable instructions. These computer-executable instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowchart illustrations and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0445] These processor-executable instructions may also be stored in a processor-readable memory that can instruct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the processor-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0446] These processor-executable instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions, which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus, provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0447] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this disclosure without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this disclosure and their equivalents, this disclosure is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A measurement reporting method, applied to a reader / writer device, comprising: Based on the positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device, the carrier phase measurement of N1 receiving antennas is obtained. The carrier phase measurement includes a first carrier phase measurement or a second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentiating the first carrier phase measurement; N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The carrier phase measurements of the N1 receiving antennas are reported to the location management function entity.

2. The measurement reporting method according to claim 1, wherein, The acquisition of carrier phase measurements from N1 receiving antennas based on the positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device includes: The positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device is received using N2 receiving antennas, and the carrier phase measurement of the N1 receiving antennas is obtained; N1≤N2, and N2 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

3. The measurement reporting method according to claim 1, wherein, The first carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following phase values: The first phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the first codeword; The second phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the second codeword; The third phase value is a phase value determined based on the first phase value, the second phase value, and the modulation phase difference between the first codeword and the second codeword.

4. The measurement reporting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The step of reporting the carrier phase measurements of the N1 receiving antennas to the location management function entity includes: The carrier phase measurements of the N1 receiving antennas and one or more of the following associated information are reported to the location management function entity: The quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement; Information related to the receiving antenna; Positioning reference signal related information; Obtain information related to IoT devices; Other measurements besides the carrier phase measurement; Timestamp information.

5. The measurement reporting method according to claim 4, wherein, The quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following: The first-order moment statistics of the carrier phase measurement; The second-order moment statistics of the carrier phase measurement; The third-order moment statistical information of the carrier phase measurement; The confidence information of the carrier phase measurement.

6. The measurement reporting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The difference includes one or more of the following difference methods: One-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas; One-dimensional difference between different frequency points; One-dimensional difference between different timestamps; Two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different frequency points; Two-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas and different timestamps; Two-dimensional difference between different frequencies and different timestamps; Three-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas, different frequencies, and different timestamps.

7. The measurement reporting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The method further includes: The reported carrier phase measurement is determined based on a predefined quality indication information threshold or a quality indication information threshold configured by the location management function entity.

8. The measurement reporting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The carrier phase measurement is reported in a manner that includes periodic reporting or event-triggered reporting.

9. A carrier phase positioning method, applied to a location management function entity, comprising: The reader device receives carrier phase measurements from N1 receiving antennas, including a first carrier phase measurement or a second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentiating the first carrier phase measurement; N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The location information of the powered IoT device is determined based on the carrier phase measurement.

10. The carrier phase positioning method according to claim 9, wherein, The first carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following phase values: The first phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the first codeword; The second phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the second codeword; The third phase value is a phase value determined based on the first phase value, the second phase value, and the modulation phase difference between the first codeword and the second codeword.

11. The carrier phase positioning method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, The carrier phase measurements of the N1 receiving antennas reported by the receiving reader device include: The receiver read / write device reports the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas and one or more of the following related information: The quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement; Information related to the receiving antenna; Positioning reference signal related information; Obtain information related to IoT devices; Other measurements besides the carrier phase measurement; Timestamp information.

12. The carrier phase positioning method according to claim 11, wherein, The quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following: The first-order moment statistics of the carrier phase measurement; The second-order moment statistics of the carrier phase measurement; The third-order moment statistical information of the carrier phase measurement; The confidence information of the carrier phase measurement.

13. The carrier phase positioning method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, The difference includes one or more of the following difference methods: One-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas; One-dimensional difference between different frequency points; One-dimensional difference between different timestamps; Two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different frequency points; Two-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas and different timestamps; Two-dimensional difference between different frequencies and different timestamps; Three-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas, different frequencies, and different timestamps.

14. The carrier phase positioning method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, The method further includes: Configure quality indication information thresholds for the reader / writer device.

15. A reader / writer device, comprising a memory, a transceiver, and a processor; Memory, used to store computer programs; Transceiver, used to send and receive data under the control of the processor; Processor, configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform the following operations: Based on the positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device, the carrier phase measurement of N1 receiving antennas is obtained. The carrier phase measurement includes a first carrier phase measurement or a second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentiating the first carrier phase measurement; N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The carrier phase measurements of the N1 receiving antennas are reported to the location management function entity.

16. The reader / writer device according to claim 15, wherein, The acquisition of carrier phase measurements from N1 receiving antennas based on the positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device includes: The positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device is received using N2 receiving antennas, and the carrier phase measurement of the N1 receiving antennas is obtained; N1≤N2, and N2 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

17. The reader / writer device according to claim 15, wherein, The first carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following phase values: The first phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the first codeword; The second phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the second codeword; The third phase value is a phase value determined based on the first phase value, the second phase value, and the modulation phase difference between the first codeword and the second codeword.

18. The reader / writer device according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein, The step of reporting the carrier phase measurements of the N1 receiving antennas to the location management function entity includes: The carrier phase measurements of the N1 receiving antennas and one or more of the following associated information are reported to the location management function entity: The quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement; Information related to the receiving antenna; Positioning reference signal related information; Obtain information related to IoT devices; Other measurements besides the carrier phase measurement; Timestamp information.

19. The reader / writer device according to claim 18, wherein, The quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following: The first-order moment statistics of the carrier phase measurement; The second-order moment statistics of the carrier phase measurement; The third-order moment statistical information of the carrier phase measurement; The confidence information of the carrier phase measurement.

20. The reader / writer device according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein, The difference includes one or more of the following difference methods: One-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas; One-dimensional difference between different frequency points; One-dimensional difference between different timestamps; Two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different frequency points; Two-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas and different timestamps; Two-dimensional difference between different frequencies and different timestamps; Three-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas, different frequencies, and different timestamps.

21. The reader / writer device according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein, The operation also includes: The reported carrier phase measurement is determined based on a predefined quality indication information threshold or a quality indication information threshold configured by the location management function entity.

22. The reader / writer device according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein, The carrier phase measurement is reported in a manner that includes periodic reporting or event-triggered reporting.

23. A location management functional entity, comprising a memory, a transceiver, and a processor; Memory, used to store computer programs; Transceiver, used to send and receive data under the control of the processor; Processor, configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform the following operations: The reader device receives carrier phase measurements from N1 receiving antennas, including a first carrier phase measurement or a second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentiating the first carrier phase measurement; N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The location information of the powered IoT device is determined based on the carrier phase measurement.

24. The location management function entity according to claim 23, wherein, The first carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following phase values: The first phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the first codeword; The second phase value is the phase value of the baseband received signal corresponding to the positioning reference signal element encoded as the second codeword; The third phase value is a phase value determined based on the first phase value, the second phase value, and the modulation phase difference between the first codeword and the second codeword.

25. The location management functional entity according to claim 23 or 24, wherein, The carrier phase measurements of the N1 receiving antennas reported by the receiving reader device include: The receiver read / write device reports the carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas and one or more of the following related information: The quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement; Information related to the receiving antenna; Positioning reference signal related information; Obtain information related to IoT devices; Other measurements besides the carrier phase measurement; Timestamp information.

26. The location management function entity according to claim 25, wherein, The quality indication information of the carrier phase measurement includes one or more of the following: The first-order moment statistics of the carrier phase measurement; The second-order moment statistics of the carrier phase measurement; The third-order moment statistical information of the carrier phase measurement; The confidence information of the carrier phase measurement.

27. The location management functional entity according to claim 23 or 24, wherein, The difference includes one or more of the following difference methods: One-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas; One-dimensional difference between different frequency points; One-dimensional difference between different timestamps; Two-dimensional differential between different receiving antennas and different frequency points; Two-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas and different timestamps; Two-dimensional difference between different frequencies and different timestamps; Three-dimensional difference between different receiving antennas, different frequencies, and different timestamps.

28. The location management functional entity according to claim 23 or 24, wherein, The operation also includes: Configure quality indication information thresholds for the reader / writer device.

29. A measurement reporting device, comprising: The acquisition unit is used to acquire carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas based on the positioning reference signal sent by the powered IoT device. The carrier phase measurements include a first carrier phase measurement or a second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentiating the first carrier phase measurement; N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The reporting unit is used to report the carrier phase measurements of the N1 receiving antennas to the location management function entity.

30. A carrier phase positioning device, comprising: The receiving unit is used to receive carrier phase measurements of N1 receiving antennas reported by the reader device. The carrier phase measurements include a first carrier phase measurement or a second carrier phase measurement obtained by differentiating the first carrier phase measurement; N1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The positioning unit is used to determine the location information of the powered Internet of Things device based on the carrier phase measurement.

31. A processor-readable storage medium storing a program for causing a processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 8, or the method of any one of claims 9 to 14.

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