Method for determining the path described by a machine tool along at least one of its displacement axes

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method, system and machine for determining the path described by a machine tool (1) along at least one of its movement axes (X, Y, Z), comprising taking measurements at a plurality of predetermined measuring points distributed along the axis, which path is to be determined by moving, at each measuring point, the machine tool orthogonally to a light beam (4) emitted by a fixed laser emitting system (2) substantially parallel to said axis, and associating a coordinate, corresponding to the orthogonal axis, with each measuring point when a change of state of a receiving system (3.1, 3.2) is generated when said machine is moved.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE PATH DESCRIBED BY A MACHINE TOOL ALONG AT LEAST ONE OF ITS AXES OF DISPLACEMENT

[0003] Technology sector

[0004] The present invention is related to the machine tool industry for machining parts, and more specifically to the straightness measurement systems of the linear displacement axes of said machines.

[0005] State of the art

[0006] Machine tool precision is a key concept for machining parts that require high dimensional and geometric accuracy. The industry dedicated to building this type of machinery strives to provide increasingly higher quality products while simultaneously increasing productivity.

[0007] Errors associated with precision can have various origins such as imperfections originating during the manufacture of the machine itself, which translate into static geometric errors, which depend on the position of the workspace where the tool is located.

[0008] Accuracy is also an aspect that must be monitored over time, as the machine's geometry can change. These changes can have various origins. For example, temperature changes, whether ambient or caused by the heat generated by the machine itself, can affect accuracy. The machine can also change due to variations in boundary conditions, such as alterations in the ground and anchors on which it is supported, or due to changes associated with the effects of use, which can modify its geometry, whether through wear of the guide elements or the effect of collisions.

[0009] Therefore, it is necessary to periodically measure and monitor, with the greatest accuracy, the various parameters that characterize the precision of a machine tool. Among these precision parameters is the straightness of movement of the machine's linear axes.

[0010] Straightness verification is typically performed using portable, external control systems, such as optical or wire collimators for long travel distances, or verification elements like precision rules or equivalent reference elements for short travel distances. Setting up and using these elements involves costly production downtime while the measurement process is carried out. Therefore, it is not usually a frequent task, and the lack of control carries the risk of producing defective parts.

[0011] Alternatively, the solution disclosed in International Patent WO2016202843 describes a machine-integrated system for automatically measuring the linear deviation or straightness of the axes. This document discloses a device for monitoring the straightness of the linear axes of a Cartesian machine tool for high-precision machining, integrated into the machine. This allows for the detection of linear displacements of the axes.For this purpose, it comprises a laser emitter for each axis, or alternatively a single emitter and by means of reflective elements redirects the laser beam along the column and ram to the head, and comprising means for detecting said laser beam in the form of an optical position sensor (PSD) fixed in correspondence with each of the machine's displacement axes, so that during the operation of the machine, the linear displacements of the axes are detected.

[0012] However, a problem arises because these sensors are integrated into the machine itself, specifically into the moving components such as the column and ram. This necessitates a customized solution, which depends on the characteristics of the machine in which the system is integrated. Furthermore, the optical elements permanently installed in the machine, such as the receivers and prisms, can be affected by dirt accumulation and vibrations, common in industrial environments, leading to a decrease in measurement accuracy. Finally, it should be noted that the use of optical position sensors and pentaprisms to deflect the beam increases the machine's cost.

[0013] Given the described disadvantages or limitations of current solutions, a solution is needed that allows for a versatile and economical way to measure straightness errors in machine tools.

[0014] Object of the invention

[0015] In order to achieve this objective and solve the technical problems discussed so far, as well as provide additional advantages that may be derived later, the present invention provides a procedure for determining the path described by a machine tool along at least one of its Cartesian displacement axes (X, Y, Z) comprising the following steps: providing at least one fixed laser emitter system that emits a beam of light substantially parallel to the displacement axis (X, Y, Z) whose path is to be determined, providing a receiver system associated with the displacement axis whose path is to be determined, said receiver system being configured to emit a signal with a first state when the beam of light impinges on the receiver system, or with a second state when the beam of light does not impinge on the receiver system,and with the machine control means configured to receive the signal emitted by the receiving system, perform measurements at a plurality of predetermined measuring points distributed along the displacement axis (X, Y, Z) whose trajectory is to be determined, by at least one displacement of the machine tool according to at least one displacement axis (X, Y, Z) orthogonal to the light beam, which generates a change of state in the receiving system for each measuring point, associate to each measuring point the coordinate of the orthogonal displacement axis (X, Y, Z) where the change of state of the receiving system occurs by means of the machine control means, defining the trajectory described by the displacement axis (X, Y, Z) to be determined according to the measurement coordinates obtained.

[0016] The receiver system will operate like an electrical switch, emitting a positive signal—preferably a voltage signal—when the beam strikes it. When the beam does not strike the receiver, it will have a zero output voltage. The machine tool will then define the coordinates of the measurement point where the signal state changes, preferably using its position sensor, typically optical scales or another measurement system integrated into the machine's position control loop.

[0017] The information from these coordinates helps to characterize the path of the measured displacement axis, and since the propagation of the beam in the air is mostly rectilinear, it will be possible to determine at successive points distributed along the axis to be verified, the difference between the path described by the linear displacement axis of the machine and the laser beam, and conclude the straightness of the displacement axis of the machine.

[0018] On the other hand, if measurements are taken at intervals over time, a variation in the measurement can be identified with respect to a reference measurement, based on preselected parameters, such as thermal conditions, or due to wear and tear of the machine's guidance components after a period of operation.

[0019] This configuration allows, for example, characterizing deviations in the straightness of the machine's axes, in order to apply corrections during machining, or to generate a maintenance alert.

[0020] This measurement procedure will be more economical than those state-of-the-art detection systems that require the use of more expensive and complex position sensors.

[0021] For the execution of this procedure, the fixed laser emitter system will preferably be installed on the work table, so that a fixed and stable position can be ensured over time.

[0022] According to another feature of the invention, for the measurement, for each measurement point, it is started from a point where the light beam impinges on the receiver system, carrying out two measurements by moving the machine tool in opposite directions, according to the direction of displacement of the displacement axis (X, Y, Z) orthogonal to the light beam until the change of state in the signal of the receiver system, so that some control means of the system identify the position of the machine in which the light beam would be centered on the receiver system by calculating the average value between the coordinates of the two points where the change of state in the signal of the receiver system occurs.

[0023] Given that the receiver system is a photosensitive element that generates a two-state signal depending on whether or not the light beam is detected, in practice, this state change occurs based on a laser light detection threshold. Thanks to this configuration, the average value of the two measured coordinates is obtained. This value corresponds to the machine coordinate where the receiver is located at the center of the beam at each measurement point, thus providing greater accuracy to the measurement procedure.

[0024] According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, for the measurement, for each measurement point, one starts from a point where the light beam does not impinge on the receiver system, performing two measurements by moving the machine tool in opposite directions according to the direction of displacement of the displacement axis (X, Y, Z) orthogonal to the light beam until the change of state of the receiver system, so that some control means of the system identify the average value of the two measured coordinates, a value that corresponds to the position of the machine in which the receiver system would be centered in the light beam.

[0025] According to another feature of the procedure, the measurement of predetermined measurement points is performed by successively moving the machine tool along two axes (X, Y, Z) orthogonal to the light beam. That is, if, for example, the trajectory of the X-axis is being measured, for each measurement point on the X-axis, the machine tool will perform a first measurement by moving orthogonally along the Y-axis, and additionally a second measurement by moving orthogonally along the Z-axis, to obtain the Y and Z coordinates of the machine for which the receiver is centered in the light beam. This method yields more information, as it provides the specific coordinates of the measurement point along all three Cartesian axes.

[0026] Preferably, the receiver system is a mobile receiver attached to the machine's moving parts, such as the head or ram. It detects changes in state as the mobile receiver moves in a direction orthogonal to the light beam. This allows the receiver to detect the beam's incidence parallel to each Cartesian axis. The displacement length of the axis being measured is not limited by the distance between the emitter and receiver systems, thus providing greater versatility for use on machines of any size.

[0027] Preferably, the mobile receiver system should be removably attached to the head or ram. This configuration allows the measuring system to be used on different machines simply by adjusting the measuring system's control mechanisms.

[0028] Although it is planned that, according to a practical implementation, the mobile receiver system will be integrally fixed to the machine.

[0029] According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the receiver system is a fixed receiver system that is permanently aligned with the light beam of the fixed laser emitter system, such that an interceptor element located on the spindle or ram intercepts the light beam according to a displacement of the machine tool along the (X, Y, Z) axis orthogonal to the light beam. In this case, both the emitter and receiver systems are fixed to the machine, preferably to the worktable, with the interceptor element providing the change in the state of the receiver signal, associating the coordinate at which the change occurs. Preferably, the interceptor element is the tool, or an element located on the spindle in place of the tool.

[0030] According to another aspect, the invention relates to a system for measuring the path described by a machine tool along at least one of its displacement axes (X, Y, Z) according to a procedure in accordance with any one of the characteristics described above.

[0031] Preferably, the system comprises a mobile block-shaped receiver system configured to receive the light beam for each displacement axis (X, Y, Z), and with a fixing recess in one of its corners comprising means for fixing to the ram of the machine tool, and wherein the fixed laser emitter system is in the form of a block configured to emit a light beam for each displacement axis (X, Y, Z).

[0032] Thanks to this configuration, in addition to simplifying system installation—since the emitters are rigidly fixed to a block—it is possible to calculate the perpendicularity between the machine's axes of movement by referencing the perpendicularity between the light beams of each emitter. To achieve this, the system takes measurements at multiple points, and the control devices compare the perpendicularity of the machine's axes of movement with the perpendicularity between the laser beams integrated into the block.

[0033] Preferably, the mobile receiver system is secured by mounting brackets. This configuration facilitates installation and removal on any machine.

[0034] According to another alternative feature, the system comprises a fixed receiver system for each displacement axis, the fixed laser emitter system being in the form of a block configured to emit a beam of light for each displacement axis (X, Y, Z).

[0035] The invention also includes a machine tool comprising an integrated measuring system, as described above, permanently.

[0036] Description of the figures

[0037] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a practical embodiment of the invention in which a movable receiver system is fixed to the machine tool head.

[0038] Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 show schematic perspective views of the practical example of the machine tool in Figure 1, but in this case with the movable receiver system fixed to the ram. In Figure 2, the trajectory is being measured along the longitudinal (X) axis, while Figure 3 also shows the measurement along the longitudinal axis, but at a different measurement point. Figure 4 shows the measurement of the transverse (Y) axis. And in Figure 5, the vertical (Z) axis is measured.

[0039] Figure 6 is a detailed view of the practical implementation of Figures 2 to 5, where both the mobile receiver system and the transmitter system are integrated into two block-like bodies. Figures 7 and 8 show an isometric view of the body corresponding to the mobile receiver system, from its rear and front respectively.

[0040] Figure 9 shows an isometric view of the body corresponding to the emitting system.

[0041] Figure 10 shows a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the invention in which the emitter and receiver system are fixedly arranged on the worktable of the machine tool.

[0042] Figures 11, 12 and 13 show a measurement procedure according to the different displacement axes of the machine tool in Figure 10.

[0043] Detailed description of the invention

[0044] In view of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the numbering adopted, one can observe in them an example of a preferred embodiment of the non-limiting invention, which comprises the parts and elements that are indicated and described in detail below.

[0045] As can be seen in Figure 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention, a machine tool (1) is provided with a work table (1.1), a vertical column (1.4) movable along a longitudinal axis X of displacement of the machine (1), with a ram (1.3) movable with respect to the vertical column (1.4) along a transverse axis Y, and a vertical axis Z of displacement of the machine, according to the arrows indicated in Figures 2 to 5 which represent the displacements along the Cartesian axes of the machine tool (1).

[0046] Thus, in the case of Figure 1, a measuring system with a fixed laser emitter system (2) is installed on the machine (1). This fixed laser emitter system (2) comprises three light beam emitters (2.1) (4), preferably collimated laser beam emitters, each creating a photoelectric barrier substantially parallel to each axis of displacement (X, Y, Z) of the machine tool (1). In this practical example, a movable receiver (3.1) is fixed to the head (1.2) of the machine (1) to perform the measurement.

[0047] According to another embodiment as shown in Figures 2 to 5, the mobile receiver system (3.1) is fixed to the end of the ram (1.3). To measure the path described by the X-axis of displacement, the measurement is performed according to a light beam (4) emitted by the fixed laser emitter system (2) substantially parallel to the X-axis of displacement of the machine (1), as can be seen in Figure 2. The measurement will then be performed at a plurality of predetermined measuring points, with Figure 2 representing one end measuring point of the X-axis of displacement and Figure 3 another end measuring point of the X-axis.

[0048] According to a preferred embodiment, the machine tool (1) starts from an initial measuring position (Yo,Zo) for the movable receiver system (3.1) according to a predetermined measuring point where the light beam (4) strikes the movable receiver (3.1). This initial position is preferably obtained manually, or the position of a point close to (Figure 3) and a point far from (Figure 2) the axis to be measured can be manually identified, and linear interpolated between these positions, assuming that the straightness variation of the axis will be within the measuring range of the sensors of the movable receiver system (3.1). Subsequently, a program can be automatically executed that iterates through the plurality of measuring positions of the X-axis.

[0049] After identifying the initial position, this procedure comprises first displacing the mobile receiver system (3.1) orthogonally from the light beam (4) along a Y-axis of machine displacement (1) by moving the mobile receiver system (3.1) from a position where the sensor (3.1.1) receives the light beam (4) to a point where the light beam (4) no longer strikes the sensor (3.1.1) of the mobile receiver system (3.1). The control means of the measuring system detect the change in state of the sensor (3.1.1) of the mobile receiver system (3.1) and send a signal to the control means of the machine (1), which record the Y-coordinate where this change of state occurred. The same process is then performed for a displacement orthogonal to the light beam (4) along a Z-axis of displacement.Thus, the coordinates (Y, Z) of the measurement point are obtained, and by proceeding in the same way for different predetermined measurement points distributed along the X displacement axis, the path of the X displacement axis is characterized.

[0050] To make the measurement more precise, the position where the light beam (4) is centered on the sensor (3.1.1) of the mobile receiver system (3.1) will be identified. To do this, the mobile receiver system (3.1) is positioned at the initial position (Yo,Zo) and moved along the positive Y-axis, detecting when the light beam (4) ceases to strike the sensor (3.1.1) of the mobile receiver system (3.1), and recording this point as Y. +The process is then repeated from the initial position (Yo,Zo), and the mobile receiver system (3.1) is moved along the negative Y-axis, detecting when the light beam (4) ceases to strike the sensor (3.1.1) of the mobile receiver system (3.1), and recording this point as Y-. The average Y value will then be calculated. c .

[0051] Ye = (Y + + Y-) / 2

[0052] Subsequently, the same operation is performed by arranging the mobile receiver system (3.1) according to the initial position (Yo,Zo) and moving the mobile receiver system (3.1) along the positive direction of the Z axis, detecting when the light beam (4) ceases to impinge on the sensor (3.1.1) of the mobile receiver system (3.1), recording this dimension as Z +Subsequently, the process is repeated from the initial position (Yo,Zo) and the mobile receiver system (3.1) is moved along the negative direction of the Z axis, detecting when the light beam (4) ceases to impinge on the sensor (3.1.1) of the mobile receiver system (3.1), recording this dimension as Z _ Next, the mean Z-value will be calculated. c .

[0053] Z c = (Z + + Z-) / 2

[0054] Thus obtaining the Y coordinates c , Z c corresponding to the center of the light beam (4) at the measured point, proceeding then in the same way for different predetermined points distributed along the axis to be measured, obtaining the characterization of its trajectory.

[0055] According to an alternative embodiment, the machine tool (1) is first moved orthogonally to the light beam (4) along a Y-axis of machine movement (1), displacing the mobile receiver system (3.1) from a position where it does not receive the light beam (4) to a point where the light beam (4) strikes the mobile receiver system (3.1). The control means of the measuring system then register the change of state of the sensor (3.1.1) of the mobile receiver system (3.1) by sending a signal to the control means of the machine (1), which will record the coordinate at which this change of state occurred. The same process is then performed for a displacement orthogonal to the light beam (4) along a Z-axis of movement.Thus, the coordinates (Y, Z) of the measurement point are obtained, and by proceeding in the same way for different predetermined measurement points distributed along the X displacement axis, the path of the X displacement axis is characterized.

[0056] In this case, to make the measurement more precise, we will also try to identify the position where the light beam (4) would be centered on the sensor (3.1.1) of the mobile receiver system

[0057] (3.1). For this purpose, the mobile receiver system (3.1) is arranged according to a Z position o corresponding to the height of the light beam (4) and separated by a positive distance along the Y axis, the mobile receiver system (3.1) moves along the Y direction, detecting when the light beam (4) hits the sensor (3.1.1) of the mobile receiver system (3.1), recording this height as Y +The process is then repeated, this time separating a negative distance along the Y-axis, and the mobile receiver system (3.1) is moved in the Y direction, detecting when the light beam (4) strikes the sensor (3.1.1) of the mobile receiver system (3.1), recording this elevation as Y'. The average Y value will then be calculated. c .

[0058] Ye = (Y + + Y-) / 2

[0059] Subsequently, the same operation will be performed by arranging the mobile receiver system (3.1) according to a position Yo corresponding to the height of the light beam (4) and separated by a positive distance along the Z axis, and moving the mobile receiver system (3.1) along the Z direction, detecting when the light beam (4) hits the sensor (3.1.1) of the mobile receiver system

[0060] (3.1) recording said dimension as Z +The process is then repeated, this time separating a negative distance along the Z-axis, and the mobile receiver system (3.1) is moved along the Z-direction, detecting when the light beam (4) strikes the sensor (3.1.1) of the mobile receiver system (3.1), recording this elevation as Z-. The average value Zc will then be calculated.

[0061] Z c = (Z + + Z-) / 2

[0062] Thus obtaining the Y coordinates c , Z c corresponding to the center of the light beam (4) at the measured point, proceeding then in the same way for different predetermined points distributed along the axis to be measured, obtaining the characterization of its trajectory.

[0063] Both this procedure and the previous one can be performed for measuring the Y-axis displacement (Figure 4) and / or the Z-axis displacement (Figure 5). According to the embodiment in which the mobile receiver system (3.1) is fixable to the ram (1.3), Figure 6 shows how this mobile receiver system (3.1) is fixed to a corner of the end of the ram (1.3), receiving the light beam (4) emitted by the fixed laser emitter system (2). Figure 7 shows the configuration of the mobile receiver system.

[0064] (3.1) comprising a quadrangular block with chamfered corners, with a sensor

[0065] (3.1.1) for each Cartesian axis, and with a fixing recess (6) also in a quadrangular shape, where three pins (7) are arranged that allow its fixing to the ram (1.3). In figure 8 you can see the front part of the block that forms the mobile receiver system (3.1), comprising a quadrangular recess (8) where the sensors (3.1.1) for receiving the light beam (4) protrude.

[0066] Figure 9 shows a practical embodiment of the fixed laser emitter system (2), also in the form of a quadrangular block, comprising three laser emitters (2.1) oriented along the three Cartesian axes, with a first recess (9) to facilitate the positioning and emission of two orthogonal light beams (4), and with a second recess (10) for the positioning of a third orthogonal light beam (4). This block of the fixed laser emitter system (2) is preferably fixed to the worktable (1.1) by means of screws.

[0067] According to another practical embodiment of the invention, Figure 10 shows a measuring system comprising a fixed laser emitter system (2) that emits three light beams (4) in the directions of the three Cartesian axes, and a fixed receiver system with a sensor (3.2) for each of the Cartesian axes, which are fixed at a distance from the fixed laser emitter system (2) to continuously receive the light beam (4), such that the distance between the emitter and receiver systems is sufficient to measure the entire range of the axes. As can be seen in Figure 10, the three fixed receiver sensors (3.2) of the fixed receiver system are fixed to the worktable (1.1), with the fixed receiver sensor (3.2) oriented along the Z-axis mounted on an L-shaped support fixed to the worktable (1.1).

[0068] In this case, an interceptor element (5) is used for measurement, preferably replacing the tool, or even being the tool itself, so that the movements produced by the tool during machining are measured more precisely. Thus, the measurement procedure is similar to that of the measurement with a moving receiver system (3.1), but in this case, as shown in Figure 11, for example, if the X-axis trajectory is to be characterized, with the fixed receiver system continuously receiving the light beam (4), the change of state will be detected when the machine tool (1) moves in the Y-axis direction. This change of state is detected when the interceptor element (5) intercepts the light beam (4), and consequently, the fixed receiver system, positioned in the direction of the light beam (4) substantially parallel to the X-axis of displacement, will not receive the light beam (4).This measurement will be performed at a plurality of predetermined points distributed along the X-axis, with the machine's control system capturing the different coordinates where the interference occurs. The same measurement will be performed along the Z-axis, orthogonal to the light beam (4), in the same manner as in the embodiments described above.

[0069] Likewise, the same measurement can be performed in relation to the Y displacement axis of the machine tool (1) (figure 12), and in relation to the Z displacement axis (figure

Claims

CLAIMS 1.- A method for determining the path described by a machine tool (1) along at least one of its displacement axes (X, Y, Z) comprising the following steps: providing at least one fixed laser emitting system (2) that emits a light beam (4) substantially parallel to the displacement axis (X, Y, Z) whose path is to be determined, providing a receiver system (3.1, 3.2) associated with the displacement axis (X, Y, Z) whose path is to be determined, said receiver system (3.1, 3.2) being configured to emit a binary signal with a first state when the light beam (4) impinges on the receiver system (3.1, 3.2), or with a second state when the light beam (4) does not impinge on the receiver system (3.1, 3.2), and the control means of the machine (1) being configured to receive the signal emitted by the receiver system (3.1, 3.2).2) perform measurements at a plurality of predetermined measuring points distributed along the displacement axis (X, Y, Z) whose trajectory is to be determined, by at least one displacement of the machine tool (1) according to at least one displacement axis (X, Y, Z) orthogonal to the light beam (4), which generates a change of state in the receiving system (3.1, 3.2) for each measuring point, associate to each measuring point the coordinate of the orthogonal displacement axis (X, Y, Z) where the change of state of the receiving system (3.1, 3.2) occurs by means of the machine control means, defining the trajectory described by the displacement axis (X, Y, Z) to be determined according to the obtained measuring coordinates.

2. A method according to the preceding claim, wherein, for each measurement point, the measurement is taken from a point where the light beam (4) impinges on the receiving system (3.1, 3.2), performing two measurements by moving the machine tool (1) in opposite directions along the displacement direction of the displacement axis (X, Y, Z) orthogonal to the light beam (4) until the change of state of the receiving system (3.1, 3.2), such that control means of the system identify the average value of the two measured coordinates, a value that corresponds to the position in which the receiver system (3.1 , 3.2) would be centered in the light beam (4), when calculating the average value between the coordinates of the two measurements. 3.- Method according to claim 1, wherein for the performance of the measurement, for each measurement point, it is started from a point where the light beam (4) does not impinge on the receiver system (3.1, 3.2) by performing two measurements by moving the machine tool (1) in opposite directions according to the direction of displacement of the displacement axis (X, Y, Z) orthogonal to the light beam (4) until the change of state of the receiver system (3.1, 3.2), so that some control means of the system identify the position in which the light beam (4) would be centered on the receiver system (3.1, 3.2) by calculating the average value between the coordinates of the two measurements. 4.- Procedure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the measurement of the predetermined measuring points is carried out by moving the machine tool (1) along the two displacement axes (X, Y, Z) orthogonal to the light beam (4). 5.- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiver system is a mobile receiver system (3.1) that is fixed to the head (1.2) or to the ram (1.3), such that the change of state is detected by the displacement of the mobile receiver system (3.1) in the direction orthogonal to the light beam (4). 6.- Method according to the previous claim, wherein the mobile receiver system (3.1) is removably fixable. 7.- Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the receiver system is a fixed receiver system (3.2) that is fixedly arranged aligned with the light beam (4) of the fixed laser emitter system (2), such that an interceptor element (5) arranged in the head (1.2) or in the ram (1.3), intercepts the light beam (4) according to a displacement of the machine tool (1) along the displacement axis (X, Y, Z) orthogonal to the light beam (4). 8.- System for measuring the path described by a machine tool (1) along at least one of its displacement axes (X, Y, Z) according to a procedure in accordance with any one of the preceding claims. 9.- System according to claim 6, comprising a block-shaped mobile receiver system (3.1) configured to receive the light beam (4) for each displacement axis (X, Y, Z), and with a fixing recess (6) in one of its corners comprising means for fixing to the ram (1.3) of the machine tool (1), and wherein the fixed laser emitter system (2) is in the form of a block configured to emit a light beam (4) for each displacement axis (X, Y, Z). 10.- System according to claim 7, comprising a fixed receiver system with a fixed sensor (3.2) for each displacement axis (X, Y, Z), and wherein the fixed laser emitter system (2) is in the form of a block configured to emit a light beam (4) for each displacement axis (X, Y, Z). 11.- Machine tool (1) comprising an integrated system according to any one of claims 8 or 10.

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