Platform for managing surplus power from renewable energy

Abstract

A management platform of the present invention may comprise: a mobile UBESS loaded with used batteries (UBs) from electric vehicles; and a cloud server that transmits and receives data to and from spots, wherein the spots have fixed positions on a charging path and may include at least one of solar power plants, charging stations, and complex buildings that consume or produce surplus power, and the mobile UBESS may supply power from spots where surplus power is generated to spots where power is insufficient and may transmit and receive power by traveling between the spots at fixed positions. In addition, the management platform of the present invention may comprise a demand management unit that, when a demand command requesting demand reduction or demand increase is generated in a power system, modifies, according to the demand command, a charging path, a charging schedule, and a charge / discharge amount at each spot that have been previously set for the mobile UBESS or spots.

Description

Renewable Energy Surplus Power Operation Platform

[0001] The present invention relates to an operating platform capable of interconnecting surplus power from a plurality of renewable energy sources.

[0002] Recently, there has been a trend of expanding the share of renewable energy in response to global carbon neutrality policies. In a situation where various renewable energy sources such as electric vehicles, batteries, wind power, and solar power coexist, there is a need for a platform that can integrally interconnect their surplus electricity. As new and renewable energy generation facilities increase rapidly, output limitation phenomena are also occurring due to excess electricity. A method is required to optimally interconnect surplus renewable energy while resolving issues such as output limitation.

[0003] In addition, there is a need for the development of technologies for various ESS and electric mobility utilizing used electric vehicle batteries.

[0004] The renewable energy surplus power operation platform of the present invention can bring power grid flexibility in a collective flexible resource manner by interconnecting various generated renewable energy sources.

[0005] Output restriction or curtailment may occur due to the oversupply of surplus power resulting from the increasing amount of renewable energy generation. The renewable energy surplus power operation platform of the present invention can contribute to power balancing that mitigates instability in the power system, including output restriction.

[0006] The national research and development projects that supported this invention are as follows.

[0007] - Project ID: 1415186659

[0008] - Project Number: 20226210100020

[0009] - Ministry Name: Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy

[0010] - Project Management (Specialized) Agency Name: Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning

[0011] - Research Project Name: Development of Technology for Sector Coupling of Renewable Energy Surplus Power

[0012] up

[0013] - Research Project Title: Construction of Electric Vehicle Battery Utilization Station and Smart Charging & Discharging

[0014] System development demonstration

[0015] - Project Performing Organization Name: Gridwiz Co., Ltd.

[0016] - Research Period: 2024.01.01 ~ 2024.12.31

[0017] The operating platform of the present invention may include a mobile UBESS loaded with a used battery (UB) of an electric vehicle, and a cloud server that transmits and receives data with the spot. The spot may include at least one of a solar power generation facility, a charging station, or a complex building that consumes or produces surplus power and has a fixed location on the charging path. The mobile UBESS supplies power from the spot where surplus power is generated to the spot where power is insufficient, and can exchange power by moving between the fixed-location spots.

[0018] When a demand command requesting a reduction in demand or an increase in demand is generated in the power system, the operating platform of the present invention may include a demand management unit that modifies the charging path, charging schedule, and charging / discharging amount at each spot set for the mobile UBESS or spot according to the demand command.

[0019] The present invention may include aggregated flexible resources such as photovoltaic (PV), used battery energy storage systems (UBESS), and other complex buildings. Optimal operation of the entire platform can be achieved by considering the power consumption or generation patterns of individual resources. The problem of output constraints / output limitations can be resolved by utilizing used electric vehicle batteries (UB), PV, etc., or by linking these renewable energy sources with Plus DR.

[0020] The present invention can minimize the waste of surplus electricity by operating power resources such as UBESS in conjunction with demand response issuances such as Plus DR. By harmonizing the surplus and deficit of electricity according to each demand response issuance, the benefits of participating in the DR policy can be maximized for each renewable energy source entity.

[0021] In addition, an energy storage system utilizing used waste batteries loaded in moving vehicles can be referred to as a mobile UBESS. The present invention can utilize the mobile UBESS as a resource to increase demand in the event of grid imbalance caused by surplus renewable energy.

[0022] In the renewable energy surplus power operation platform of the present invention, the UBESS can be placed at a fixed location of an EVSE or ESS, such as a charging station or charger, or can function as a moving ESS by stacking multiple units on a vehicle rack. By rapidly delivering surplus power from the platform's renewable energy source to the right place at the right time, power waste can be minimized. By converting waste electric vehicle batteries into distributed power sources, output limitations can be resolved, thereby contributing to grid stabilization.

[0023] In addition, the mobile UBESS of the present invention can be utilized as a mobile charging system by mounting a charger on the secondary side of the battery.

[0024] Figure 1 is an overall structural diagram of power transfer and data transmission and reception of the operating platform of the present invention.

[0025] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a mobile UBESS that balances power states between spots by establishing a charging path passing through these spots and a fixed position spot according to the present invention.

[0026] FIG. 3 shows embodiments of the surplus power operation platform of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram and a photograph of a prototype of the mobile UBESS of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 (a) shows a rack (113), (b) shows a module tray (122) inserted into the rack (113), and (c) shows a battery pack (124) mounted on the module tray (122).

[0029] FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the process in which the charging path of the present invention is calculated.

[0030] FIG. 7 is an example of the charging scheduling of the present invention.

[0031] FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the demand management unit of the present invention.

[0032] According to FIGS. 1 to 8, an operation platform for surplus power including renewable energy according to the present invention is described.

[0033] The surplus power operation platform (10) of the present invention may introduce the concept of electric vehicle battery-based sector coupling to interconnect surplus power from various types of renewable energy sources. In particular, by utilizing used batteries or used batteries (UB, Used Battery) (120) to balance the power of the entire platform, it can contribute to resolving power imbalances in the local community, such as output constraints. By utilizing UB (120), the problem of waste battery disposal resulting from the increase in electric vehicles can also be solved simultaneously.

[0034] An energy storage system utilizing used waste batteries loaded in a moving vehicle can be called a mobile UBESS (110). The operating platform (1) can utilize the mobile UBESS (110) as a resource to increase demand when there is a grid imbalance caused by surplus renewable energy.

[0035] Due to the expansion of highly intermittent and variable renewable energy (VRE), output curtailment or output constraints may occur frequently. As a measure to secure flexibility in the power system (20), it is necessary to establish an efficient energy flow system utilizing P2H, P2M, P2G, etc. Here, P2M (Power to Mobility) technology may refer to information processing technology that applies a smart charging algorithm that comprehensively considers complex factors such as the incentive system for electric vehicle users, the state of charge (SoC) of the electric vehicle battery, the usual power usage (charging) pattern, the power market price, the charging fee, and the impact on the grid.

[0036] The present invention may have the primary purpose of converting power from renewable energy sources into mobile power. For example, in addition to a fixed-location ESS, a mobile UBESS (110) can be introduced by loading the UB (120) onto a transport vehicle (111) so that it can be quickly deployed to places or times when power is urgently needed. Used batteries or waste batteries (120) of electric vehicles can also be recycled.

[0037] The mobile UBESS (110) can be utilized as a mobile charging system by equipping a charger on the secondary side of the UBESS. The mobile UBESS (110) can be a moving ESS that charges and moves power between spots (50). The mobile UBESS (110) can be deployed to places where power supply is urgently requested by supplying power to electric vehicles (EVs), etc.

[0038] The overall structure of the surplus power operation platform (1) of the present invention, such as renewable energy, is described according to FIGS. 1 to 3.

[0039] The core of the P2M-based sector coupling technology of the present invention may be the combined utilization of an electric vehicle charging station connected to the grid for receiving and transmitting power, and a collective flexible resource. The collective flexible resource or composite resource (50) of the present invention may include PV (photovoltaic), a used battery energy storage system (UBESS) (110, 130), other complex buildings (170), etc. The collective flexible resource or composite resource (50) is necessary for optimal operation considering the power consumption and generation patterns of individual resources.

[0040] The operating platform (1) of the present invention can exchange data with an operator system (210) or an external linkage system (230).

[0041] The operator system (210) may include at least one of an Aggregator system, a Charging Service Platform (CSP), a Charge Point Operator (CPO), a roaming platform operator system that integrates and connects multiple Charging Service Platform systems, a Mobility Service Provider (MSP), an Energy Management System (EMS), and a Photovoltaic Monitoring System (PVMS).

[0042] The Aggregator system can provide integrated control for the management and operation of aggregated flexible resources. The Aggregator system performs at least some of the functions of the surplus power operation platform (1) of the present invention and can function as an intermediary platform between the operation platform (1) and the spot (50) or mobile UBESS (110). The Aggregator system may include power trading operation scenarios through the analysis of characteristics and requirements for field aggregation resources such as UBESS (110, 130) and electric vehicle chargers (190). The Aggregator system can provide an expandable linkage interface through the review of the linkage specifications and formats of the data collection target devices / systems.

[0043] The CSP (Charging Service Platform) may be a control system for operating charging stations or a roaming system for mediating between charging business operators and members.

[0044] A CPO (Charge Point Operator) can refer to a charging station operator or an entity responsible for building, operating, and maintaining electric vehicle charging infrastructure. The CPO may perform tasks such as charging infrastructure development and installation, hardware maintenance, network management, real-time monitoring, and regulatory compliance.

[0045] A Mobility Service Provider (MSP) can refer to a mobility service provider. An MSP can directly provide charging services to electric vehicle users or provide services such as charging station location information, reservations, and payments. An MSP can manage user accounts and process payments for charging services. An MSP can provide users with access to a wider charging network through roaming agreements with other charging networks.

[0046] An Energy Management System (EMS) is an energy management system that optimizes and manages energy usage at electric vehicle charging stations, and can perform peak demand management, energy consumption monitoring, and provide smart charging functions.

[0047] A PVMS (Photovoltaic Monitoring System) is a photovoltaic power generation monitoring system that monitors real-time data from PV systems and can collect and analyze real-time data generated from PV.

[0048] The external linkage system (230) may include a public data platform. For example, the external linkage system (230) may include at least one of the KPX Power Exchange, the Ministry of Environment which provides charger status information, the Korea Meteorological Administration which provides information on weather conditions or fine dust, and an OEM which provides information on electric vehicle status. Here, the charger status information provided by the Ministry of Environment may include real-time charger status, location information of chargers installed nationwide, charging amount information for each charger, fee information for charger usage, etc.

[0049] The present invention may include aggregated flexible resources such as a used battery energy storage system (UBESS) (110, 130), photovoltaic (PV) (150), and other complex buildings (170). The present invention requires optimal operation of the entire platform by considering the power consumption or generation patterns of individual resources.

[0050] In particular, the UBESS (110, 130) may be in the form of reference numeral 130, which is placed at a fixed location of an EVSE (190) or ESS, such as a charging station or charger, in the renewable energy surplus power operation platform (1) of the present invention. The UBESS (110, 130) may be in the form of reference numeral 110, which functions as a moving ESS by stacking multiple units on a vehicle rack. The UBESS (110, 130) can minimize power waste by rapidly delivering surplus power from the renewable energy source of the platform (1) to the right place at the right time. The UBESS (110, 130) can contribute to grid stabilization by resolving output limitations, etc., by converting the electric vehicle waste battery (120) into a distributed power source.

[0051] Figure 1 is an overall structural diagram of power transfer and data transmission and reception of the operating platform of the present invention.

[0052] The operating platform (1) of the present invention may include a cloud server (10), a spot (50), or a mobile UBESS (110). The cloud server (10) can transmit and receive data with the spot (50) or the mobile UBESS (110). The cloud server (10) can determine the power status of the spot (50) and can issue a command to the mobile UBESS (110) to move according to the calculated charging path (C).

[0053] The mobile UBESS (110) can move between spots (50) along a charging path (C) commanded by the cloud server (10) and bring about overall power balancing of the platform (1). The mobile UBESS (110) can store power from spots (50) where power is surplus, store power for a predetermined period of time until a place requiring power appears, or provide power to spots (50) that require power.

[0054] FIG. 2 shows a mobile UBESS (110) that balances power status between spots (50) by setting a fixed spot (50) and a charging path (C) passing through these spots (50).

[0055] The mobile UBESS (110) is connected to the power grid (20, grid) and can exchange power, just like the spot (50). However, unlike the spot (50) whose location is fixed, the mobile UBESS (110) differs in that it moves power from one spot (50) to another spot (50). If all the spots (50) in a local area experience a power shortage, the mobile UBESS (110) can receive power from the power grid (20) in the power shortage area and supply power to the spots (50) that have a power shortage. If all the spots (50) in a local area experience a power surplus, the mobile UBESS (110) can charge the power of those spots (50) and move to the spots (50) in the power shortage area to supply power.

[0056] In cases of output limitations or temporary overproduction / supply of power occurring locally, the mobile UBESS (110) can significantly reduce power loss compared to complex transmission to a power shortage spot (50) through the power grid of the power system (20).

[0057] The spot (50) may include at least one of a fixed UBESS (130) including electric vehicle battery power, wind power, solar power, etc., a new renewable energy source such as solar power generation (150) or wind power generation, a complex building (170), and an electric vehicle charging station (190).

[0058] The complex building (170) may be combined with a building load that consumes power, at least one of a fixed UBESS (130), a solar power generation (150), and an electric vehicle charging station (190).

[0059] FIG. 3 shows embodiments of the surplus power operation platform of the present invention.

[0060] The operating platform (1) may include at least one of a battery collection unit (410), a battery inspection unit (430), a battery evaluation unit (440), a battery shipment unit (450), and a history management unit (500) in relation to a used battery (UB, 120). The operating platform (1) may include at least one of a data collection unit (310), a feature extraction unit (330), a prediction unit (350), a path scheduling unit (370), a charge / discharge amount determination unit (380), and a control unit (390) in relation to the calculation of a charging path (C) of a mobile UBESS (110).

[0061] The battery collection unit (410) can separate and collect used / post-used batteries (UB, 120) from electric vehicles (EV) so that they can be recycled to UBESS (110, 130).

[0062] Battery inspection / evaluation in the battery inspection unit (430) or battery evaluation unit (440) may include inspection / evaluation of the state in which the UB (120) is collected for manufacturing the UBESS (110, 130), the state in which the UBESS (110, 130) is manufactured, the state in which the UBESS (110, 130) is actually deployed on the platform (1) and is in operation, the state of the UBESS (110, 130) after operation is finished or the state of the separated UB (120), etc.

[0063] The battery collection unit (410) can separate the used battery (120) from the electric vehicle through the following process. For example, for an electric vehicle equipped with a module unit battery, the battery collection unit (410) can perform at least one of bolt disassembly, cover disassembly, HV cable disassembly, busbar disassembly, air duct disassembly, PRA side busbar disassembly, PRA disassembly, PRA cover disassembly, slave BMS disassembly, module bracket disassembly, module busbar disassembly, and module disassembly.

[0064] The battery inspection unit (430) can inspect whether the collected UB (120) passes the recycling criteria for the UBESS (110, 130).

[0065] As test items for quality and performance requirements, at least one of serial number assignment and recording, battery information, open circuit voltage (OCV), insulation test, capacity test, internal resistance test (ACIR, DCIR), and self-discharge test may be subject to 100% inspection.

[0066] In the serial number assignment and recording section, the used battery (120) is assigned a serial number so that it can be traced during the reuse process, and can be recorded including details such as the date.

[0067] In the battery information section, check the battery specifications provided by the manufacturer, including for users who directly utilize used batteries for design, and samples exceeding the limits may be discarded.

[0068] In the open-circuit voltage inspection item, the open-circuit voltage (OCV) may be reviewed for deviations from the allowable voltage range specified by the manufacturer.

[0069] In the insulation inspection item, the insulation of the battery (120) after electric vehicle use is checked for damage, and when the rated voltage is less than 500V, it can be confirmed that it is 1M ohm or more by measuring with a voltage of 500Vdc for 1 minute.

[0070] In the capacity test item, the capacity can be verified by measuring it at a 1 / 3 C-rate within the voltage range specified by the manufacturer, and the rest time between charge and discharge can be 1 hour or more.

[0071] In the internal resistance test item, the performance and safety factors of the module can be identified by discharging a constant current at a 1 / 3 C-rate to determine the purpose of use of the used battery (120) based on the internal resistance.

[0072] In the self-discharge test, after all tests are completed, the device can be stored for 24 hours in a temperature-controlled environment. Open-circuit voltage tests can be performed 5 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours after the test is completed.

[0073] One example of the inspection process of the battery inspection unit (430) for a battery pack UB (120) composed of multiple modules is as follows.

[0074] The battery pack (124) can be cleaned and information verified. A barcode can be assigned to the battery pack (124). An external inspection of the battery pack (124) can be performed. An OCV inspection can be performed. Information verification can be performed after disassembling the battery pack (124). A module barcode can be assigned. An external inspection and insulation resistance inspection of the module can be performed.

[0075] At SOC=0%, after an average capacity test preprocessing of 1.6 hours, a capacity test of 7 hours or more may be performed at SOC=0%. A swelling test may be performed. At SOC=100%, a 3-hour internal resistance test preprocessing may be performed. At SOC<100%, a 24-hour self-discharge test may be performed. At SOC<50%, a 3-hour internal DC resistance test may be performed. After the internal AC resistance test is performed, at SOC<30%, a 1-hour recording and postprocessing may be performed. If a product fails to pass any of the above test steps, it is discarded, and a record thereof may be retained.

[0076] The battery inspection unit (430) can analyze condition diagnosis data of the waste battery (120) and investigate degradation characteristics. That is, it can analyze performance evaluation data of the waste battery or the used electric vehicle battery (120) and estimate the degradation mechanism likely to have occurred inside the battery.

[0077] The battery inspection unit (430) or battery evaluation unit (440) can analyze operational data that can be obtained from BMS / PMS, etc. during the operation of the UBESS (110, 130). By analyzing the sensitivity of the operational data to battery degradation factors, key factors for UBESS (110, 130) degradation modeling can be derived.

[0078] The battery evaluation unit (440) can determine or evaluate the utilization grade based on the inspection results by the battery inspection unit (430).

[0079] The battery evaluation unit (440) can design a physical-based degradation prediction model of the waste battery (120) based on degradation factors derived from UBESS SPEC and diagnostic information. The battery evaluation unit (440) can design a hybrid prediction model with high accuracy and data efficiency by combining the physical-based degradation prediction model and the data-based model.

[0080] Test examples for at least one of UB (120), module tray (122), battery pack (124), and UBESS (110, 130) are described.

[0081] Tests regarding overvoltage application, overcurrent application, and overheating test results are possible. Test results for the used electric vehicle battery (120) are possible. Visual inspection of the battery pack (124) or module, terminal type, and terminal connection method between modules is possible. Information such as the manufacturer, manufacturing date, capacity, receipt, scrapping, and storage of the battery pack (124) can be collected. OCV, AC IR, capacity inspection, internal resistance, and DC IR measurements can be performed on at least one of the UB (120), module tray (122), battery pack (124), and UBESS (110, 130).

[0082] The battery inspection unit (430) can perform tests to ensure the stability of the collected used battery (UB, 120) or the manufactured UBESS.

[0083] The battery inspection unit (430) can perform a safety test on at least one of the UB (120), module tray (122), and battery pack (124). As a standard, the test criteria of Section 8 (Battery System Safety) of KC 62619 may be applied. That is, the battery inspection unit (430) can perform at least one test among the overcharge voltage control test (8.2.2), overcharge current control test (8.2.3), and overheat control test (8.2.4).

[0084] In the overcharge voltage control test, the BMS can control the charging voltage under the charging voltage of the single cell specifications. The BMS can terminate the overcharge current through automatic disconnection of the main switch to protect the battery system from severe effects. There must be no ignition or explosion.

[0085] In an overcharge current control test, if the current applied to a single cell and battery exceeds the cell's maximum charging current, the BMS may stop charging to protect the battery system from danger. The BMS must detect the overcharge current. To protect the battery system from serious effects, the BMS must control charging to below the maximum charging current and must not cause ignition or explosion.

[0086] In the overheat control test, the BMS must terminate charging when the temperature of the single cell and / or the battery exceeds the upper limit value specified by the single cell manufacturer. The BMS must detect the overheat temperature. The BMS must terminate charging to protect the battery system from severe effects. During the test, all functions of the battery system must operate as designed, and there must be no ignition or explosion.

[0087] The test conditions provided by this battery inspection unit (430) may be tests regarding the safety of industrial lithium secondary batteries, and if the test standards for the safety of the battery utilization system after use are changed or finalized, the test standards may be complied with.

[0088] The battery inspection unit (430) can be applied to safety monitoring of the UB (120) or UBESS by utilizing overheating / arc / earthquake sensors. The battery inspection unit (430) can detect risks in advance by monitoring electrical and environmental risk factors that may occur in addition to failure signals of the constituent equipment, and can apply non-contact temperature, arc / earthquake monitoring sensor modules, and can include a safety monitoring module communication interface and a PMS interlocking interface.

[0089] The battery shipment unit (450) can be moved to a UBESS (110, 130), etc., to be deployed according to the evaluation of the battery evaluation unit (440) and utilized, or can be disposed of.

[0090] The history management unit (500) can manage the history of waste batteries (120) or the charging history of each spot (50).

[0091] When the analysis / inspection operation process is completed after the used battery (120) passes through the battery collection unit (410), battery inspection unit (430), battery evaluation unit (440), battery shipment unit (450), etc., the information can be registered in the history management system as the history of the used battery (120).

[0092] History management items may include receiving management, pack management, module management, inspection management, outbound management, disposal management, etc.

[0093] The history management department (500) can manage the history of each process stage, such as receiving, inspection, analysis, disassembly, classification, shipment, and disposal of UB (120), and can use a blockchain to ensure reliability in this process.

[0094] In one embodiment, the history management unit (500) may be configured as a Hyperledger Fabric-based blockchain network.

[0095] The history management unit (500) may include a Fabric Weaver, a Runtime environment, a Repository, etc. The Fabric Weaver is a network management tool that can provide various functions necessary for network management, such as adding new nodes or organizations or changing network configurations. The Runtime environment is an environment where smart contracts (Chaincode) are executed, and can perform core functions of the blockchain network, such as processing transactions and changing the state. The Repository is a storage that stores the state of the blockchain network, and can store all transaction records and smart contract code.

[0096] A blockchain network can perform the role of arranging transactions in order, forming them into blocks, and adding them to the blockchain. A blockchain network can be an Orderer that maintains the integrity of the blockchain, or an individual node participating in the network that verifies transactions and executes smart contracts. A blockchain network may be a Peer that holds a copy of the blockchain, or an organization composed of multiple Peers. Each organization may include at least one of an Organization that participates in the network with independent authority.

[0097] All participating users request transactions from the network, and the transactions are transmitted to the Orderer and sorted in order. The sorted transactions are formed into blocks and added to the blockchain, and each Peer can receive the new block, verify it, and add it to their own blockchain. By ensuring that all Peers maintain the same blockchain, data integrity and transparency can be guaranteed.

[0098] When using a mobile UBESS (110) utilizing waste batteries (120), it can help address local power shortages and excesses in a specific area, thereby helping to achieve energy self-sufficiency within that specific area. For example, in the case of a specific area where there are zones not connected by power lines due to geographical characteristics, using the mobile UBESS (110) of the present invention can function as a moving ESS to resolve power issues.

[0099] The surplus power operation platform (1) of the present invention may include a cloud server (10), a data collection unit (310), a feature extraction unit (330), a prediction unit (350), a path scheduling unit (370), a charge / discharge amount determination unit (380), a control unit (390), etc.

[0100] The control unit (390) can perform the function of controlling each operation of the components included in the cloud server (10) or the interaction between each component overall.

[0101] The cloud server (10) needs to transmit and receive power data and objects related to the power of the operating platform (1) in order to determine the overall power situation of the region or spot (50) associated with the operating platform (1).

[0102] The power-related objects of the operating platform (1) may include at least one of a spot (50), a mobile UBESS (110), a business system (210), and an external interlocking system (230). Additionally, the cloud server (10) can transmit and receive data to and from user terminals using the operating platform (1).

[0103] The data collection unit (310) can collect / store power data of each component transmitted to and received by the cloud server (10). Each component, which is the subject of the power data transmitted to the data collection unit (310), may include at least one of a spot (50), a mobile UBESS (110), an operator system (210), an external interlocking system (230), and a user terminal.

[0104] Communication can also be exchanged between the components of the cloud server (10). However, in order to control all power distribution at the control unit (202) of the cloud server (10), it can be assumed that at least some of the signals, such as data or commands, are transmitted to each component via the cloud server (10).

[0105] The collection of power data by the data collection unit (310) may be similar to Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS) using random number extraction. Due to its characteristics, MCS can obtain a more efficient and realistic solution as the amount of extracted data increases. Since the amount of power data collected by the data collection unit (310) per hour is vast, it is expected that random number extraction by Monte-Carlo Simulation will provide significantly accurate analysis results.

[0106] The feature extraction unit (330) can perform the function of converting power data from the data collection unit (310) collected from each component of the cloud server (10) into data or a data format used for feature extraction.

[0107] The feature extraction unit (330) may be structured to extract spatial features and temporal features of the collected power data, respectively, and then derive correlations between each feature using the combined spatial features and temporal features.

[0108] The features of the feature extraction unit (330) may include stored power information such as a spot (50) or a mobile UBESS (110), current or predicted charging power amount or discharging power amount required at each spot (50).

[0109] The feature extraction unit (330) can calculate changes in features or feature values ​​by time or by time interval using power data collected by the data collection unit (310). The feature extraction unit (330) can process the data to show changes in each feature (F1, F2, F3, etc.) at specific times (t1, t2, t3, etc.).

[0110] The feature extraction unit (330) can produce a feature vector representing the value of each feature (F1, F2, F3, etc.) at a predetermined time (t1, t2, t3, etc.). For example, the first feature vector may represent the value of each feature at time t1, and the second feature vector may represent the value of each feature at time t2, and so on.

[0111] The feature extraction unit (330) is for extracting spatial features of processed data and can produce a spatial feature vector or a temporal feature vector from an input feature vector. The dimension of the feature extraction unit (330) can be determined by the input UFV and the output SFV. The feature extraction unit (330) can output a temporal feature vector by performing a predetermined operation using data of adjacent time intervals as input values.

[0112] Vectors such as feature vectors, spatial feature vectors, or temporal feature vectors can have their elements extended from one-dimensional scalars to multi-dimensional tensors depending on the feature. Filtering can also include operations ranging from simple scalar multiplication to N x M multi-dimensional matrix operations.

[0113] The feature extraction unit (330) can receive spatial features and temporal features for the features. The feature extraction unit (330) can produce a combined vector by combining them and can numerically express the correlation between each feature as a probability value, etc.

[0114] The correlation between each feature can link feature values ​​from all times when power data was collected. Through the combination vector, not only the spatial or temporal features of the power data of the tourist site but also the correlations between features across all time periods can be calculated.

[0115] As such, the present invention can utilize the characteristics (F) of data from all time periods used in calculation and derive correlations between the characteristics (F) in all time periods. Based on this, subsequent predictions, determination of contribution, and the charging and discharging amounts of the mobile UBESS (110) can be determined. Compared to predictions made using only the relationships between data from adjacent time periods, more accurate correlations and predictions may be possible.

[0116] The feature extraction and correlation derivation of the present invention are not performed using only data from adjacent times. The present invention can predict the future of features or deriv a correlation between features by utilizing all past data, such as the usage and charging amount of the mobile UBESS (110) one month ago, and the number of users of the operating platform (1) one year ago. As a result, it has the advantage of enabling more accurate feature extraction, correlation derivation, or prediction.

[0117] Accordingly, the prediction of the prediction unit (350) or the schedule of the charging path (C) of the path scheduling unit (370) may not be obtained from the calculation of power data for adjacent times. The present invention may be characterized in that it is obtained from the calculation of power data over all times collected by the data collection unit (310), which includes power data from a past considerably far from the present.

[0118] The prediction unit (350) can make various future predictions for the corresponding features by using the correlation between the features.

[0119] The prediction unit (350) may include the operating period of the mobile UBESS (110), including the degree of deterioration of the UB (120), the amount of power supply requested hourly at each spot (50), the amount of charge or discharge, etc.

[0120] The path scheduling unit (370) can calculate a charging path (C) or charging schedule using the prediction of the prediction unit (350).

[0121] The calculation of the charging schedule or charging path (C) of the path scheduling unit (370) predicts the path of the mobile UBESS (110) and may include the calculation of the order of spots (50) on the path, parking / charging time, or travel time (distance).

[0122] The charge / discharge amount determining unit (380) can determine the charge or discharge amount of each mobile UBESS (110) or spot (50) based on the charge schedule when the charge schedule of the path scheduling unit (370) is calculated. At this time, the charge / discharge amount determining unit (380) can determine the charge or discharge amount of each mobile UBESS (110) by taking into account the predicted travel time (distance) to the spots (50), the surplus power produced by the renewable energy source, etc., the predicted charge or discharge amount by the spot (50), etc.

[0123] The charge / discharge amount determining unit (380) can determine the minimum charge amount of each mobile UBESS (110). In the case of a mobile UBESS (110) that is likely to move to a spot (50) where power demand is high and power shortage is expected, the charge / discharge amount determining unit (380) can adjust the power charge amount upward in consideration of this.

[0124] The charge / discharge amount determining unit (380) can set priority for the charging order and charge amount between spots (50) when it is difficult for the power supply to charge all spots (50).

[0125] For example, mobile UBESS (110) can be concentrated in spots (50) where power consumption is expected to increase during specific times, such as residential areas during commuting hours, and then sequentially assigned to charging of fixed UBESS (130).

[0126] That is, the path scheduling unit (370) can propose a charging path (C) or a charging schedule that includes a spot (50) where power demand is predicted to increase, for a mobile UBESS (110) that is determined to be storing more power than a charging schedule (charging path (C)) pre-set by an operator or platform user.

[0127] The charging schedule proposed by the path scheduling unit (370) may be provided as a priority list. Among these, the user of the operating platform (1) may select the charging schedule they want. The charging schedule presented by the path scheduling unit (370) may be transmitted from the cloud server (10) to the user's terminal or mobile UBESS (110).

[0128] The present invention can calculate the contribution to the power system of the operating platform (1) of each spot (50) or mobile UBESS (110) based on the proposal of a charging schedule by the path scheduling unit (370) or power operation based on the user's selection. For example, it can be determined as the contribution to solving local power excess / shortage problems, such as output limiting, from the operation of the mobile UBESS (110) based on the charging schedule of the path scheduling unit (370).

[0129] According to FIG. 6, the charging path (C) of the present invention may include a real-time charging path (C10) and a predicted charging path (C20).

[0130] The real-time charging path (C10) can set the charging path (C) in the path scheduling unit (370) or the charge / discharge amount determination unit (380) using the current power data of the spot (50) or the mobile UBESS (110) collected by the data collection unit (310). The real-time charging path (C10) can determine the charge / discharge amount of the spot (50) or the mobile UBESS (110) according to the charging path (C), and may issue a command to the mobile UBESS (110) for the determined charging path (C) or charge / discharge amount.

[0131] The predicted charging path (C20) can utilize past and present power data of the spot (50) or mobile UBESS (110) collected by the data collection unit (310). The feature extraction unit (330) or the prediction unit (350) can utilize past power data of the spot (50) or mobile UBESS (110). From the prediction result by the prediction unit (350), the path scheduling unit (370) or the charge / discharge amount determination unit (380) can predict the charging path (C). The feature extraction unit (330) or the prediction unit (350) can determine the charge / discharge amount of the spot (50) or mobile UBESS (110) according to the predicted charging path (C), and can issue commands to the mobile UBESS (110) according to the predicted charging path (C) or the charge / discharge amount.

[0132] In FIG. 7, when a charging amount constraint of a specific spot (50) or mobile UBESS (110) occurs or is predicted from the data collection unit (310) or the control unit (390), the path scheduling unit (370) can set a charging schedule including a charging time for the spot (50) where the charging amount constraint occurs or is predicted to occur. The charge / discharge amount determination unit (380) can set the required charging capacity for the charging schedule.

[0133] Likewise, when a discharge amount constraint of a specific spot (50) or mobile UBESS (110) occurs or is predicted from the data collection unit (310) or control unit (390), the path scheduling unit (370) can set a discharge schedule including a discharge time at the spot (50) where the discharge amount constraint occurs or is predicted to occur. The charge / discharge amount determination unit (380) can set the required discharge capacity for the discharge schedule.

[0134] Additionally, the path scheduling unit (370) may set a recovery control schedule in advance of the set charging schedule or discharging schedule. The recovery control schedule is a preliminary preparation for each schedule of a specific spot (50) or a mobile UBESS (110). A recovery control schedule prior to the section where the charging schedule is set may prepare for charging by lowering the charging amount of the specific spot (50) or the mobile UBESS (110). A recovery control schedule prior to the section where the discharging schedule is set may prepare for discharging by increasing the charging amount of the specific spot (50) or the mobile UBESS (110).

[0135] Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the mobile UBESS (110) may include at least one of a transport vehicle (111), a rack (113), a vibration damper (119), a used battery (UB, 120), a battery pack (124), a bracket (126), a module tray (122), a BPU (Battery Power Unit), a BCP (Battery Control Panel), a power converter, a BMS (Battery Management System), and an EVCC (Electric Vehicle Charging Connector).

[0136] The module tray (122) or BPU (Battery Power Unit) can be made of a rigid material similar to the rack (113). The module tray (122) or BPU (Battery Power Unit) can be firmly fixed to the rack (113) to reduce vibration of the UB (120). The module tray (122) can be designed to hold the battery module (120) so that it does not shake after use. The module tray (122) can be firmly fixed to the rack (113) so that the position of the battery pack (124) or battery module is fixed. Safety can be ensured by using products that satisfy UL standards for all high-voltage connection parts of the module tray (122). The module tray (122) can be designed so that an operator can easily connect the external communication connector of the BMS of the rack (113) from the front.

[0137] The module tray (122) or rack (113) may be designed to facilitate easy replacement when the battery pack (124) is defective after use. The module tray (122) may be manufactured separately so that the module tray (122) can be easily replaced from the front and the battery pack (124) does not shake after use.

[0138] When manufacturing the module tray (122), the existing module's fixing bracket (126) and cover can be utilized for fixing. To enhance fire and explosion safety of the battery (120, 124) after use, safety can be ensured by installing a Safety Plug for each module.

[0139] The module tray (112) may refer to a unit formed by gathering multiple battery cells into a single pack. When reusing waste electric vehicle batteries, they can be managed / operated in this battery pack unit.

[0140] Unlike a fixed UBESS (130) or ESS, the rack (113) can be manufactured with a structure that prevents the rack (113) from twisting due to left-right shaking and up-down vibrations, taking into account vibration. The racks (113) can be manufactured to facilitate maintenance by fastening bolts between them.

[0141] A vibration damper (119) can be manufactured or installed at the bottom of the rack (113) to absorb vibrations caused by the movement of the transport vehicle (111).

[0142] The Battery Control Platform (BCP) can control and manage the battery system as a whole, and the BCP can perform battery charging, discharging, and status monitoring.

[0143] The Battery Management System (BMS) can monitor and manage the condition of the battery and can be manufactured in accordance with the design specifications by being composed of a Master & Module BMS. That is, it can monitor the voltage, current, temperature, etc. of battery cells, prevent overcharging and over-discharging, balance battery cells, and predict the battery condition and lifespan.

[0144] The EVCC (Electric Vehicle Communication Controller) can control communication between electric vehicles and charging facilities, manage charging protocols, manage data exchange during the charging process, and maintain communication security for safe charging.

[0145] In a UBESS system, EVCC may differ in some ways from EVSS in electric vehicles. For example, EVCC in a typical electric vehicle primarily focuses on communication between the vehicle and the charging station. However, EVCC in a UBESS may focus on communication between the battery system and the power grid / management system. The targets of communication for the EVCC may differ. Additionally, EVCC in a UBESS can coordinate communication between the UBESS management system and the battery pack. Furthermore, while EVCC in an electric vehicle primarily focuses on charging, EVCC in a UBESS may focus on power storage and management from an overall platform perspective rather than power consumption through self-charging.

[0146] In the case of battery discharge, such as during electric vehicle charging, the air conditioning system operates to prevent the temperature of the used battery (UB) from rising, and safety can be ensured through SOC management in the UBESS's BMS.

[0147] The mobile UBESS (110) can configure battery modules or module trays (122) in series, parallel, or a combination thereof, taking into account the minimum voltage range for the operation of the DC / AC power converter and high-efficiency operation. For example, the battery modules or module trays (122) placed in the rack (113) can be selected as Kona battery modules, and Kona battery modules can be connected in series to form a bank of 500[V] or more.

[0148] That is, the mobile UBESS (110) may include a module tray (122) that accommodates a used battery (120) or a battery pack, a rack (113) on which the module tray (122) is mounted, a transport vehicle (111) that houses the rack (113), and at least one of a BPU, BCP, power converter, BMS, and EVSS connected to the module tray (122).

[0149] The process of the used battery (120) of the present invention being collected (410), then undergoing inspection (430), evaluation, etc. (440), and being shipped (450) to become a mobile / stationary UBESS (110, 130) is explained. The battery inspection unit (430) can measure the internal AC impedance of the battery and collect parameter data related to determining the residual value of the used battery (UB, 120). The battery evaluation unit (440) can distinguish the grade of each UB (120) or battery pack (124) using the collected residual value evaluation parameters of the UB (120), such as SOH, residual capacity (%), battery internal resistance (IR), and usage history information.

[0150] Examples of battery evaluation, such as designing a prediction model for a used battery (120) or estimating the degradation state, are described. The battery evaluation unit (440) can estimate the battery degradation state based on UBESS (110, 130) operation data. The battery evaluation unit (440) can develop a UBESS (110, 130) hybrid degradation simulation model and can verify the hybrid simulation model based on actual data.

[0151] The hybrid simulation may include an indicator representing the charging speed or discharging speed of the battery. For example, the battery evaluation unit (440) of the hybrid simulation may include a C-rate as an indicator, which is the ratio of the charging or discharging current to the capacity of the battery, where 1C means the speed at which the battery is fully charged or discharged in one hour.

[0152] The battery evaluation unit (440) can obtain long-term battery charge / discharge data for various charge / discharge conditions according to C-rate, temperature, DOD conditions, etc. Using the long-term data, the accuracy of the hybrid life prediction model can be verified.

[0153] Here, the Depth of Discharge (DOD) condition evaluates the performance and lifespan of the battery and is a measure indicating how much energy stored in the UB (120), battery pack (124), or UBESS (110, 130), etc. has been consumed, and the ratio of the energy used to the total capacity may be a percentage.

[0154] The battery inspection unit (430) or battery evaluation unit (440) can continuously update the internal state of the UBESS (110,130) degradation model during operation based on the operation data of the UBESS (110,130).

[0155] The battery inspection unit (430) or battery evaluation unit (440) can estimate the internal state of the battery by fusing the information that can be obtained in real time by the data collection unit (310) through the BMS, PMS, etc. during the operation of the UBESS (110, 130) with the prediction information using a hybrid model.

[0156] The present invention can perform a performance and lifespan management process for stable operation after manufacturing a mobile UBESS (110) or a fixed UBESS (130) based on UB (120).

[0157] The battery evaluation unit (440) or prediction unit (350) can generate a physical model degradation prediction model based on SPEC and condition diagnosis information (performance deviation between UBs (120), etc.) at the time of manufacturing the UBESS (110, 130). The battery evaluation unit (440) or prediction unit (350) can enhance the estimation of the internal state of the battery through a hybrid model that combines operational data and an existing physical model, and can continuously update the model through empirical data. Simulation results under various environments and conditions based on the prediction model can be provided as decision support information for the optimal operation of the operating platform (1) including the PMS.

[0158] The present invention can resolve output constraint / output limitation issues by utilizing used electric vehicle batteries (UB), PV, etc., or by linking these renewable energy sources with demand response issuance such as Plus DR.

[0159] The demand management unit (600) of the present invention can minimize the waste of surplus power by operating power resources such as UBESS in conjunction with the issuance of demand response such as Plus DR. The demand management unit (600) can maximize the benefits of each renewable energy source entity participating in the DR policy by harmonizing the power surplus and deficit according to each demand response issuance.

[0160] According to FIG. 8, consider a case where a demand command is issued in the power system (20), including a public DR requesting a demand reduction, a plus DR requesting a demand increase, or an output limit or output constraint. When the demand management unit (600) receives such a demand command, it can modify the charging path (C), charging schedule, and the amount of charge / discharge at each spot (50) that were previously set by the path scheduling unit (370) or the charge / discharge amount determination unit (380) according to the demand command.

[0161] The demand management unit (600) can transmit the modified charging path (C), charging schedule, and charging / discharging amount at each spot (50) according to the issued demand command to the mobile UBESS (110) or the spot (50). In particular, the mobile UBESS (110) can directly supply power to the required spot (50) without passing through the flow of the sequential power system (20) or the power grid between spots (50). In this way, the present invention can smoothly supply power to spots (50) that cannot instantaneously respond to the demand command issued at the spot (50), thereby allowing the power balancing of power resources managed by the operating platform (1) to be flexibly adjusted.

[0162] <Explanation of Symbols>

[0163] 1... Renewable Energy Surplus Power Operation Platform

[0164] 10... Cloud server 20... Power system

[0165] 50... Spot 110... Mobile UBESS

[0166] 111... Transport vehicle 113... Rack

[0167] 119... Vibration damper 120... Used battery (UB)

[0168] 122... Module Tray 124... Battery Pack

[0169] 126... Bracket 130... Fixed UBESS

[0170] 150... Solar power generation 170... Complex building

[0171] 190... Charging Station 210... Operator System

[0172] 230... External Integration System 310... Data Collection Department

[0173] 330... Feature extraction unit 350... Prediction unit

[0174] 370... Path scheduling unit 380... Charge / discharge amount determination unit

[0175] 390... Control unit 410... Battery collection unit

[0176] 430... Battery Inspection Department 440... Battery Evaluation Department

[0177] 450... Battery Shipment Department 500... History Management Department

[0178] 600... Demand Management Department C... Charging Route

[0179] C10... Real-time charging path C20... Predicted charging path

Claims

1. Includes a mobile UBESS loaded with used batteries (UB) of an electric vehicle, and a cloud server that transmits and receives spot data, The above spot has its position fixed on a charging path and includes at least one of a solar power generation facility, a charging station, or a complex building that consumes or produces surplus power. The above-mentioned mobile UBESS supplies power from spots where surplus power is generated to spots where power is insufficient, and is an operating platform that exchanges power by moving between spots at fixed locations.

2. In Paragraph 1, It includes a path scheduling unit that calculates a charging path including the movement path of the mobile UBESS, the sequence of spots the mobile UBESS passes through on the path, or the time for the mobile UBESS to park / charge at each spot. An operating platform comprising a charge / discharge amount determining unit that determines the charge or discharge amount of each mobile UBESS or spot based on the charge schedule when the charge schedule of the above-mentioned path scheduling unit is calculated.

3. In Paragraph 1, It includes a battery evaluation unit that determines or evaluates the utilization grade of a used battery based on the inspection results of a battery inspection unit for a used battery (UB), and The above battery evaluation unit is, It analyzes operational data obtained from the operation of mobile or fixed UBESS, and analyzes the sensitivity of the said operational data to UBESS degradation factors to derive key factors for UBESS degradation modeling, and An operating platform that designs a physics-based degradation prediction model of UB or UBESS based on derived key factors, and designs a hybrid prediction model by combining the physics-based degradation prediction model and a data-based model.

4. In Paragraph 1, An operating platform including a demand management unit that modifies the charging path, charging schedule, and charging / discharging amount at each spot, etc., previously set for a mobile UBESS or spot, according to the demand command when a demand command requesting a reduction or increase in demand occurs in the power system.

5. In Paragraph 1, It includes a history management unit that manages the history of used batteries (UB), mobile or stationary UBESS, and The above history management unit is an operating platform that registers the information as the history of the relevant used battery when the analysis or inspection operation process, which has passed through the battery inspection unit or battery evaluation unit for the used battery, is completed.

6. In Paragraph 1, It includes a feature extraction unit that converts power data collected from each component of the above-mentioned cloud server into data or a data format used for feature extraction, and The features of the above feature extraction unit include stored power information of the spot or mobile UBESS, and an operating platform including the current or predicted amount of charging power or discharging power required at each spot.

7. In Paragraph 1, It includes a feature extraction unit that converts power data collected from each component of the above-mentioned cloud server into data or a data format used for feature extraction, and The above feature extraction unit is, An operating platform having a structure that extracts spatial and temporal features of collected power data, respectively, and then derives correlations between each feature using the combined spatial and temporal features.

8. In Paragraph 1, When a charging schedule is calculated by a path scheduling unit, the charging and discharging amount determining unit determines the charging or discharging amount of each mobile UBESS or spot based on the charging schedule, and The above charge / discharge amount determining unit is, If it is difficult for the power supply to charge all spots, priority is set for the charging order and amount between spots, and An operating platform that prioritizes spots where power consumption is expected to increase during specific time periods to concentrate the deployment of the mobile UBESS, and then sequentially assigns the charging of the fixed UBESS.

9. In Paragraph 1, It includes a path scheduling unit that calculates a charging path moving between spots of the above-mentioned mobile UBESS, and The above charging path is, A real-time charging path utilizing current power data of a spot or mobile UBESS collected from a data collection unit, and An operating platform including a predicted charging path using results predicted from past power data of spot or mobile UBESS collected from a data collection unit.

10. In Paragraph 1, It includes a path scheduling unit that sets a recovery control schedule preceding the charging schedule or discharging schedule of the above-mentioned mobile UBESS, and The above recovery control schedule is, As a preliminary preparation for each schedule of a specific spot or mobile UBESS, The recovery control schedule prior to the section where the charging schedule is set lowers the charge amount of a specific spot or mobile UBESS in preparation for charging, and An operating platform that prepares for discharge by increasing the charge amount of a specific spot or mobile UBESS prior to the section where the discharge schedule is set.

11. In Paragraph 1, The above-described mobile UBESS comprises a module tray for accommodating a used battery or battery pack, a rack on which the module tray is mounted, a transport vehicle housing the rack, and an operating platform including at least one of a BPU, BCP, power converter, BMS, and EVSS connected to the module tray.

12. In Paragraph 1, The above-described mobile UBESS includes a module tray for accommodating a used battery or battery pack, and a rack on which the module tray is mounted. The above module tray is manufactured separately to facilitate easy replacement of the module tray from the front and to prevent the battery pack from shaking after use, and An operating platform that is fixed by utilizing the fixing bracket of an existing battery pack or a module constituting the pack when manufacturing the above module tray.

13. In Paragraph 1, It includes a battery inspection unit that inspects whether a used battery (UB) collected by a battery collection unit passes the recycling criteria for a mobile UBESS or a stationary UBESS, and The above battery inspection unit is, An operating platform for performing tests including serial number assignment and recording, battery information, open circuit voltage (OCV), insulation test, capacity test, internal resistance test (ACIR, DCIR), and self-discharge test.

14. In Paragraph 1, It includes a battery inspection unit that inspects whether a battery pack, which is a used battery (UB) collected by a battery collection unit, passes the recycling criteria for a mobile UBESS or a stationary UBESS. The above battery inspection unit is, Cleans the battery pack and checks the information, assigns a barcode to the battery pack, and Performs an external inspection of the battery pack, performs an OCV inspection, and After disassembling the battery pack, verify the module information, assign a barcode to the module, and Visual inspection and insulation resistance testing are performed on the module, An operating platform where the above battery pack or module is discarded if it fails to pass each inspection step, and the record is stored.

15. In Paragraph 1, It includes a battery collection unit that separates used batteries (UB) from electric vehicles so that they can be recycled into a mobile UBESS or a stationary UBESS, and The above battery collection unit is an operating platform that performs at least one of bolt disassembly, cover disassembly, HV cable disassembly, busbar disassembly, air duct disassembly, PRA side busbar disassembly, PRA disassembly, PRA cover disassembly, slave BMS disassembly, module bracket disassembly, module busbar disassembly, and module disassembly for an electric vehicle equipped with a module unit battery.

16. In Paragraph 1, The above cloud server is, An operating platform that transmits and receives data in conjunction with a public data platform including at least one of the KPX Power Exchange, the Ministry of Environment which provides charger status information, the Korea Meteorological Administration which provides information on weather conditions or fine dust, and an OEM which provides electric vehicle status information.

17. In Paragraph 1, The above cloud server is, Transmitting and receiving data in conjunction with an operator system that includes at least one of a brokerage system, a charging service provider system, and a roaming platform operator system that integrates and connects multiple charging service provider systems, and The above-mentioned brokerage system performs at least some of the functions of an operating platform, and an operating platform that performs brokerage platform functions in the middle between an operating platform and a spot or between an operating platform and a mobile UBESS.

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