Apparatus and method of method of performing ai service handover

Abstract

A method of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system includes obtaining an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbour cell and transmitting a measurement report comprising the Al-related capability information to a serving cell for an Al service handover decision.

Description

Atty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCTAPPARATUS AND METHOD OF METHOD OF PERFORMING Al SERVICE HANDOVERCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 733,328, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS OF Al SERVICE HANDOVER BASED ON THE RAN NODE Al CAPABILITIES,” filed on December 12, 2024, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication systems, and more particularly, to apparatuses and methods of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover.BACKGROUND

[0003] In next-generation cellular systems, particularly sixth generation (6G) networks, artificial intelligence (Al) is expected to play an integral role in enabling intelligent network management, real-time data processing, and adaptive service delivery. Traditional handover procedures in fourth generation (4G) long-term evolution (LTE) and fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) primarily rely on radio signal quality metrics such as received signal strength or signal-to-interference ratios to maintain connectivity. However, as Al-based applications, such as distributed inference, sensing data fusion, and computing offload, become core network services, conventional handover criteria can no longer ensure seamless service continuity. Therefore, the handover mechanism in 6G networks needs to ensure the continuity and performance stability of Al services.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for apparatuses and methods of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover.SUMMARY

[0005] An object of the present disclosure is to propose apparatuses and methods of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover, which can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, perform Al-aware handover, ensure continuity of Al service, and / or improve network intelligence and computing resource utilization.

[0006] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system includes obtaining an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell and transmitting a measurement report including the Al-related capability information to a serving cell for an Al service handover decision.

[0007] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) includes a controller and a transmitter. The controller is configured to obtain an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell, and the transmitter is configured to transmit a measurement report including the Al-related capability information to a serving cell for an Al service handover decision.

[0008] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The UE is configured to perform the above method.Atty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT

[0009] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a method of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover by a serving cell in a wireless communication system includes receiving, from a user equipment (UE), a measurement report including an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell and determining a target cell for an Al service handover based on the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell.

[0010] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a serving cell includes a receiver and a determiner. The receiver is configured to receive, from a user equipment (UE), a measurement report including an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell, and the determiner is configured to determine a target cell for an Al service handover based on the AI- related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell.

[0011] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a serving cell includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The serving cell is configured to provide the above method.

[0012] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a method of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover by a core network (CN) network function (NF) in a wireless communication system includes receiving, from a serving cell, an Al service handover request including an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell and an Al service context of a user equipment (UE) and determining a target cell for an Al service handover based on the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell and the Al service context of the UE.

[0013] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a core network (CN) network function (NF) includes a receiver and a determiner. The receiver is configured to receive, from a serving cell, an Al service handover request including an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell and an Al service context of a user equipment (UE), and the determiner is configured to determine a target cell for an Al service handover based on the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell and the Al service context of the UE.

[0014] In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a core network (CN) network function (NF) includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The CN NF is configured to provide the above method.

[0015] In a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium has stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the above method.

[0016] In an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, a chip includes a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the above method.

[0017] In a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, causes a computer to execute the above method.

[0018] In a thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product includes a computer program, and the computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.

[0019] In a fourteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or related art more clearly, the following figures will be described in the embodiments are briefly introduced. It is obvious that the drawings are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, a person having ordinary skill in this field can obtain other figures according to these figures without paying the premise.

[0021] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a user equipment (UE), a serving cell, and a core network (CN) network function (NF) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.Atty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT10023] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover by a UE in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a serving cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a serving cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method of performing an Al service handover by a serving cell in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a CN NF according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a CN NF according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method of performing an Al service handover by aCN NF in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 11A is a flowchart illustrating an Al service handover procedure triggered by UE reporting according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 1 IB is a flowchart illustrating an Al service handover procedure triggered by RAN node and CN NF negotiation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an example of a computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0035] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with the technical matters, structural features, achieved objects, and effects with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows. Specifically, the terminologies in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely for describing the purpose of the certain embodiment, but not to limit the disclosure.

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various communication systems, such as a global system of mobile communication (GSM) system, a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, a general packet radio service (GPRS), a long term evolution (LTE) system, a LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, a LTE time division duplex (TDD) system, an advanced long term evolution (LTE-A) system, a new radio (NR) system, an evolution system of a NR system, a LTE-based access to unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system, a NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) system, an universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), a global interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication system, wireless local area networks (WLAN), wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), a 5th generation (5G) system (may also be called a new radio (NR) system), a 6th generation (6G) system, or other communication systems, etc.

[0037] Optionally, a user equipment (UE) mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may refer to an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user device. The access terminal may be a cellular radio telephone, a cordless telephone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) telephone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication functions, a computing device, other processing devices coupled with a wireless modem, an in-Atty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT vehicle device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a future 5G network, a terminal device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), etc.

[0038] Optionally, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application may be applied to an unlicensed spectrum, where the unlicensed spectrum may also be considered as a shared spectrum; or the communication system in the embodiment of the present application may also be applied to a licensed spectrum, where the licensed spectrum can also be considered an unshared spectrum.

[0039] In cellular networks, including 4G LTE and 5G NR, handover is a critical process that ensures seamless connectivity and continuous service for a user equipment (UE) as it moves between cells. A handover is typically initiated when the signal quality of the serving cell falls below a certain threshold, rendering it unable to provide satisfactory service to the UE. Handover in cellular networks is a procedure that maintains seamless connectivity and continuous service for a UE when the serving cell’s signal quality becomes insufficient.

[0040] To facilitate this process, the network provides the UE with measurement and reporting configurations. The measurement configuration specifies the parameters and events that the UE should monitor, such as signal strength, e.g., signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ) and quality metrics of neighboring cells. Based on these configurations, the UE performs periodic or event- triggered measurements of both the serving cell and neighboring cells. The network provides configuration information that enables the UE to measure and report signal strength and quality metrics of serving and neighboring cells for handover management.

[0041] When certain conditions in the measurement configuration are met, for example, when a neighboring cell with better signal quality is detected, the UE generates a measurement report and sends the measurement report to the network. This report allows the network to assess the situation and decide whether a handover is necessary. Once the network decides to initiate a handover, the network follows a series of steps to complete the process successfully. When specific measurement conditions are met, the UE reports better neighboring cell quality to the network, which then determines and executes a handover if needed.

[0042] Target cell preparation: The network communicates with the target cell to allocate resources and prepare it to serve the UE. This involves setting up necessary radio and transport network parameters.

[0043] Handover command: After the target cell is ready, the network sends a handover command to the UE. This message contains the target cell's details, allowing the UE to establish a connection with the new cell.

[0044] Handover execution: The UE detaches from the serving cell and connects to the target cell. During this phase, any ongoing data transmission is temporarily paused or buffered to minimize disruption.

[0045] Service continuation: Once the UE establishes a stable connection with the target cell, normal service resumes. The target cell then becomes the new serving cell.

[0046] When the UE detects a neighboring cell with better signal quality, the UE reports this to the network, prompting the network to decide and execute a handover. The network first prepares the target cell by allocating necessary resources, then sends a handover command to the UE containing target cell information. The UE disconnects from the serving cell and connects to the target cell, during which data transmission may be briefly paused or buffered. Once a stable connection is established, normal services resume, and the target cell becomes the new serving cell.

[0047] In addition to the conventional handover mechanism described above, the network can also configure an alternative mechanism known as conditional handover (CHO). With CHO, the UE can autonomously perform a handover when predefined conditions are met. For example, if the serving cell’s signal quality falls below a certain threshold while a neighboring cell’s quality exceeds another threshold, the UE can directly switch to the target cell without waiting for aAtty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT command from the network. This mechanism reduces handover latency and enhances reliability, particularly in scenarios involving rapid signal degradation or high-speed mobility. CHO allows the UE to autonomously switch to a better cell when predefined conditions are met, reducing latency and improving reliability in fast-changing network environments.

[0048] With the advent of 6G cellular technology, Al, computing, and data processing capabilities will become essential components of the entire cellular system, encompassing both the UE and the network. In this context, as the UE moves between cells, traditional factors such as cell quality will no longer be sufficient. The Al, computing, and data processing capabilities of each cell or RAN node should also be considered as key criteria for handover decisions. In 6G systems, handover decisions may consider not only cell quality but also the Al, computing, and data processing capabilities of each cell to ensure intelligent and efficient connectivity.

[0049] Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose several solutions for incorporating these capabilities into the handover decision-making process. In the 6G system, beyond traditional data services, the network also delivers Al-related services, such as Al model inference, sensing data processing, and computing power offloading, to the UE through the serving cell. To ensure these services continue seamlessly during mobility, the serving cell or core network function (e.g., AMF) may recognize the target cell’s Al-related capabilities. The proposed solutions include enabling the UE to read neighboring cells’ SIBs to obtain Al capability information, allowing either the network or the UE to initiate Al capability inquiries, and including such information in the UE’s measurement reports. Based on these reports, the serving cell or CN NF can jointly determine optimal handover decisions, ensuring smooth continuity of Al services across cells.

[0050] FIG. 1 illustrates that, in some embodiments, a UE 10, a serving cell 20, and a CN NF 30 of communication in a communication network system 40 (e.g., 6G system) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are provided. The communication network system 40 includes the UE 10, the serving cell 20, and the CN NF 30. The UE 10 may include a memory 12, a transceiver 13, and a processor 11 coupled to the memory 12 and the transceiver 13. The serving cell 20 may include a memory 22, a transceiver 23, and a processor 21 coupled to the memory 22 and the transceiver 23. The CN NF 30 may include a memory 32, a transceiver 33, and a processor 31 coupled to the memory 32 and the transceiver 33. The processor 11, 21, or 31 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 11, 21, or 31. The memory 12, 22, or 32 is operatively coupled with the processor 11, 21, or 31 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 11, 21, or 31. The transceiver 13, 23, or 33 is operatively coupled with the processor 11, 21, or 31, and the transceiver 13, 23, or 33 transmits and / or receives a radio signal.

[0051] The processor 11, 21, or 31 may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The memory 12, 22, or 32 may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. The transceiver 13, 23, or 33 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in the memory 12, 22, or 32 and executed by the processor 11, 21, or 31. The memory 12, 22, or 32 can be implemented within the processor 11, 21, or 31 or external to the processor 11, 21, or 31 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 11, 21, or 31 via various means as is known in the art.

[0052] In some embodiments, the processor 11 is configured to obtain an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell, and the transceiver 13 is configured to transmit a measurement report including the Al-related capability information to the serving cell 20 for an Al service handover decision. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, perform Alaware handover, ensure continuity of Al service, and / or improve network intelligence and computing resource utilization.Atty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT

[0053] In some embodiments, the transceiver 23 is configured to receive, from the UE 10, a measurement report including an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell, and the processor 21 is configured to determine a target cell for an Al service handover based on the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, perform Al-aware handover, ensure continuity of Al service, and / or improve network intelligence and computing resource utilization.

[0054] In some embodiments, the transceiver 33 is configured to receive, from the serving cell 20, an Al service handover request including an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell and an Al service context of the UE 10, and the processor 31 is configured to determine a target cell for an Al service handover based on the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell and the Al service context of the UE 10. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, perform Al-aware handover, ensure continuity of Al service, and / or improve network intelligence and computing resource utilization.

[0055] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a UE 200 according to an embodiment of the present application. The UE 200 is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the UE 200 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. The UE 200 includes a controller 201 and a transmitter 202. The controller 201 is configured to obtain an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell, and the transmitter 202 is configured to transmit a measurement report including the AI- related capability information to a serving cell for an Al service handover decision. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, perform Al-aware handover, ensure continuity of Al service, and / or improve network intelligence and computing resource utilization.

[0056] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a UE 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The UE 300 is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the UE 300 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. The UE 300 may include a memory 301, a transceiver 302, and a processor 303 coupled to the memory 301 and the transceiver 302. The processor 303 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 303. The memory 301 is operatively coupled with the processor 303 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 303. The transceiver 302 is operatively coupled with the processor 303, and the transceiver 302 transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The processor 303 may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The memory 301 may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. The transceiver 302 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in the memory 301 and executed by the processor 303. The memory 301 can be implemented within the processor 303 or external to the processor 303B in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 303 via various means as is known in the art.

[0057] In some embodiments, the processor 303 is configured to obtain an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell, and the transceiver 302 configured to transmit a measurement report including the Al-related capability information to a serving cell for an Al service handover decision. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, perform Al-aware handover, ensure continuity of Al service, and / or improve network intelligence and computing resource utilization.

[0058] FIG. 4 is an example of a method 400 of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 400 of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover performed by the UE is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of theAtty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT disclosure may be implemented into the method 400 of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover performed by the UE using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the method 400 of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover performed by the UE includes: an operation 402, obtaining an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell; and an operation 404, transmitting a measurement report including the Al-related capability information to a serving cell for an Al service handover decision. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, perform Al-aware handover, ensure continuity of Al service, and / or improve network intelligence and computing resource utilization.

[0059] In some embodiments, the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell includes at least one of a computing bandwidth of the at least one neighbor cell for Al service, an Al model identifier or feature set of the at least one neighbor cell, or a data processing capability of the at least one neighbor cell. In some embodiments, the measurement report is triggered when a signal quality of the serving cell falls below a first threshold and a signal quality of the at least one neighbor cell exceeds a second threshold. In some embodiments, the measurement report further includes an Al service profile of the UE, and the Al service profile includes at least one of an Al service flow identifier, an Al model information including a model type and an inference status, or a requirement for computing or data processing capability of a target cell. The measurement report may include Al-related capability information of at least one neighboring cell and the UE’ s Al service profile, triggered by signal quality threshold, to support intelligent handover decision based on Al, computing, and data processing requirements.

[0060] In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving, from the serving cell, a configuration for Al-related capability measurement to enable reading of a system information from the at least one neighbor cell. In some embodiments, the system information includes a system information block (SIB) including the Al-related capability information. In some embodiments, obtaining the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell includes transmitting an Al capability inquiry message to at least one of the serving cell or a core network (CN) network function (NF) to request the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell. In some embodiments, obtaining the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell includes receiving, from the serving cell, an Al service handover command including an Al-related capability information of a target cell. The method may further include obtaining Al-related capability information of at least one neighboring cell through configuration and system information, such as SIB or inquiry message, or receiving an Al service handover command from the serving cell containing the target cell ’ s Al capability information.

[0061] In some embodiments, the method further includes performing a handover to the target cell based on the Al-related capability information of the target cell. In some embodiments, the method further includes generating a list of recommended neighbor cells based on at least one of the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell or measured cell qualities and transmitting, to the serving cell, the list of recommended neighbor cells to assist the Al service handover decision. In some embodiments, an Al service handover is conditionally executed by the UE when at least one handover condition is satisfied, and the at least one handover condition includes at least one of a quality threshold or an Al capability requirement of a target cell. The UE may perform an Al service handover to a target cell based on its Al-related capability information, optionally generating and reporting a list of recommended neighbor cells, and conditionally executing the handover when quality or Al capability requirements are met.

[0062] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a serving cell 500 according to an embodiment of the present application. The serving cell 500 is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the serving cell 500 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. The serving cell 500 includes a receiver 501 and a determiner 502. The receiver 501 is configured to receive, from a UE, a measurement report including an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell, and the determiner 502 is configured to determine a target cell for an Al service handover based on theAtty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCTAl-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, perform Al-aware handover, ensure continuity of Al service, and / or improve network intelligence and computing resource utilization.

[0063] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a serving cell 600 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The serving cell 600 is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the serving cell 600 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. The serving cell 600 may include a memory 601 , a transceiver 602, and a processor 603 coupled to the memory 601 and the transceiver602. The processor 603 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 603. The memory 601 is operatively coupled with the processor 603 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 603. The transceiver 602 is operatively coupled with the processor 603, and the transceiver 602 transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The processor 603 may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The memory 601 may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. The transceiver 602 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in the memory 601 and executed by the processor603. The memory 601 can be implemented within the processor 603 or external to the processor 603 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 603 via various means as is known in the art.

[0064] In some embodiments, the transceiver 602 is configured to receive, from a UE, a measurement report including an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell, and the processor 603 is configured to determine a target cell for an Al service handover based on the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, perform Al-aware handover, ensure continuity of Al service, and / or improve network intelligence and computing resource utilization.

[0065] FIG. 7 is an example of a method 700 of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover performed by a serving cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 700 of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover performed by the serving cell is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the method 700 of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover performed by the serving cell using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the method 700 of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover performed by the serving cell includes: an operation 702, receiving, from a user equipment (UE), a measurement report including an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell; and an operation 704, determining a target cell for an Al service handover based on the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, perform Al-aware handover, ensure continuity of Al service, and / or improve network intelligence and computing resource utilization.

[0066] In some embodiments, the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell includes at least one of a computing bandwidth of the at least one neighbor cell for Al service, an Al model identifier or feature set of the at least one neighbor cell, or a data processing capability of the at least one neighbor cell. In some embodiments, the method further includes transmitting, to the UE, a configuration for Al-related capability measurement to enable the UE to obtain a system information from the at least one neighbor cell. In some embodiments, the configuration for Al-related capability measurement identifies a system information block (SIB) of the at least one neighbor cell that contains the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell. The method may include transmitting to the UE a configuration identifying the systemAtty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT information block (SIB) of neighboring cells that contains Al-related capability information such as computing bandwidth, Al model identifiers, or data processing capabilities.

[0067] In some embodiments, the method further includes transmitting, to the at least one neighbor cell, an Al capability inquiry message to request the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell and receiving, from the at least one neighbor cell, an Al capability inquiry complete message including the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell. In some embodiments, the method further includes transmitting, to a core network (CN) network function (NF), an Al service handover request including the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell and an Al service context of the UE, when the serving cell cannot determine the target cell. In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving, from the CN NF, an Al service handover confirm message including an Al-related capability information of the target cell. The method may involve exchanging Al capability inquiry messages with neighboring cells to obtain their Al-related capability information and coordinating with a core network function to request and confirm an Al service handover when the serving cell cannot determine the target cell.

[0068] In some embodiments, the method further includes transmitting, to the UE, an Al service handover command including the Al-related capability information of the target cell to execute the Al service handover. In some embodiments, the serving cell determines the target cell based on a neighbor cell list recommended by the UE, and the neighbor cell list is included in the measurement report. In some embodiments, the method further includes involving the CN NF in an Al service handover decision when the serving cell lacks comprehension of the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell reported by the UE. In some embodiments, the Al service handover decision is made jointly by the serving cell and the CN NF based on at least one of an Al service profile of the UE, a neighbor cell quality, or Al-related capabilities of the neighbor cells. The method may include sending an Al service handover command to the UE with target cell capability information, determining the target cell based on a UE-recommended neighbor list, and jointly making the handover decision with a core network function using the UE’ s Al service profile, cell quality, and Al-related capabilities.]

[0069] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a CN NF 800 according to an embodiment of the present application. The CN NF 800 is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the CN NF 800 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. The CN NF 800 includes a receiver 801 and a determiner 802. The receiver 801 is configured to receive, from a serving cell, an Al service handover request including an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell and an Al service context of a user equipment (UE), and the determiner 802 is configured to determine a target cell for an Al service handover based on the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell and the Al service context of the UE. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, perform Al-aware handover, ensure continuity of Al service, and / or improve network intelligence and computing resource utilization.

[0070] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a CN NF 900 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The CNNF 900 is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the CN NF 900 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. The CN NF 900 may include a memory 901, a transceiver 902, and a processor 903 coupled to the memory 901 and the transceiver 902. The processor 903 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 903. The memory 901 is operatively coupled with the processor 903 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 903. The transceiver 902 is operatively coupled with the processor 903, and the transceiver 902 transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The processor 903 may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The memory 901 may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM),Atty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. The transceiver 902 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in the memory 901 and executed by the processor 903. The memory 901 can be implemented within the processor 903 or external to the processor 903 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 903 via various means as is known in the art.

[0071] In some embodiments, the transceiver 902 is configured to receive, from a serving cell, an Al service handover request including an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell and an Al service context of a user equipment (UE), and the processor 903 is configured to determine a target cell for an Al service handover based on the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell and the Al service context of the UE. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, perform Al-aware handover, ensure continuity of Al service, and / or improve network intelligence and computing resource utilization.

[0072] FIG. 10 is an example of a method 1000 of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover performed by a CN NF according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 1000 of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover performed by the CN NF is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the method 1000 of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover performed by the CN NF using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the method 1000 of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover performed by the CN NF includes: an operation 1002, receiving, from a serving cell, an Al service handover request including an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell and an Al service context of a user equipment (UE); and an operation 1004, determining a target cell for an Al service handover based on the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell and the Al service context of the UE. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, perform Al-aware handover, ensure continuity of Al service, and / or improve network intelligence and computing resource utilization.

[0073] In some embodiments, the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell includes at least one of a computing bandwidth of the at least one neighbor cell for Al service, an Al model identifier or feature set of the at least one neighbor cell, or a data processing capability of the at least one neighbor cell. In some embodiments, the method further includes transmitting, to the at least one neighbor cell, an Al capability inquiry message to request an updated Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell and receiving, from the at least one neighbor cell, an Al capability inquiry complete message including the updated Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell. In some embodiments, the CN NF receives the Al service handover request when the serving cell is unable to comprehend or evaluate the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell. The method may include requesting and receiving updated Al-related capability information from at least one neighboring cell and allowing a CN NF to handle the Al service handover request when the serving cell cannot evaluate the reported Al capability.

[0074] In some embodiments, the method further includes transmitting, to a target cell, an Al service handover request including the Al service context of the UE and the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell. In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving, from the target cell, an Al service handover confirm message including an Al-related capability information of the target cell. In some embodiments, the method further includes transmitting, to the serving cell, an Al service handover confirm message including the Al-related capability information of the target cell. In some embodiments, the CN NF selects the target cell based on a neighbor cell list recommended by the UE, and the neighbor cell list is included in the Al service handover request. The method may include exchanging Al service handover request and confirmation messages containing Al-related capability information between the CN NF,Atty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT serving cell, and target cell, with the CN NF selecting the target cell based on a UE-recommended neighbor cell list.

[0075] Exemplary Technical Solutions:

[0076] In the 6G system, in addition to the traditional data call services provided to the UE, the network also provides Al-related services, through the serving cell, to the UE. Examples of AI- related services include Al-model inference, sensing data process, computing power offload, etc. When the UE moves between cells, to ensure that the target cell can continue providing the AI- related services to the UE, a mechanism is required to enable the serving cell or a core network (CN) network function (NF), such as an AMF, to understand the target cell ’ s Al-related capabilities. In 6G systems, a mechanism is needed to ensure seamless Al service continuity during cell handover by allowing the serving cell or core network function to understand the target cell ’ s Al-related capabilities. Various proposals set forth herein may include:

[0077] 1. The UE reads the system information blocks (SIBs) of neighboring cells to obtain their Al-related capabilities. These capabilities may include the cell’ s computing bandwidth for specific Al services, supported Al models and associated model IDs or feature sets, and data processing capabilities, such as collected sensing datasets that can support the UE’ s sensing services.

[0078] 2. The CN and / or the RAN can initiate the Al-related capability measurement, or the UE can initiate an inquiry about the target cell ’ s Al-related capabilities.

[0079] 3. The UE includes Al-related capability information in the measurement report sent to the serving cell for handover decision.

[0080] 4. The serving cell may further involve a core network (CN) network function (NF) in the handover decision if it cannot fully comprehend the Al-related capabilities reported by the UE.

[0081] 5. The UE may send a list of neighboring cells to the serving cell and the core network (CN) network function (NF) to assist in negotiating handover decisions.

[0082] 6. The UE’ s neighboring cells can send their Al-related capabilities, upon request, to the serving cell and the core network (CN) network function (NF) to assist in making handover decisions.

[0083] In some embodiments, the proposed mechanism enables Al-aware handover decisionmaking in 6G networks. The UE obtains Al-related capability information from neighboring cells through their system information blocks (SIBs) and includes this information in its measurement reports. Both the CN / RAN and the UE can initiate capability measurements or inquiries, while the serving cell may involve a core network function (NF) when additional analysis is required. The UE may also provide a recommended list of neighboring cells, and neighboring cells can, upon request, share their Al-related capabilities with the serving cell and CNNF to support accurate and intelligent handover decisions.

[0084] FIG. 11A illustrates an Al service handover procedure triggered by UE reporting according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 11A illustrates that, in some embodiments, the Al service handover procedure triggered by UE reporting includes at least one of following operations.

[0085] 1. The UE is connected to the network through a serving cell for an Al-related service. The Al-related service is provided by the serving cell and a server providing Al services.

[0086] 2. The UE sends an Al-related capability inquiry message to the serving cell and the CN, requesting the Al-related capabilities of neighboring cells.

[0087] 3. The serving cell and / or the CN NF configures Al-related capability measurements for the UE to allow the UE to read the Al-related capability information of neighboring cells. This information may be included in the system information block (SIB) of the neighboring cells.

[0088] 4. The UE reads the SIB of a neighboring cell to obtain the cell’ s Al-related capabilities, including computing bandwidth, supported Al models (ID and feature set), and data processing capabilities (e.g., sensing datasets).Atty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT

[0089] 5. When the UE detects that the serving cell ’ s quality (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR) falls below a threshold, the UE sends a measurement report including cell quality and Al capability information to the serving cell.

[0090] 6. Option 1 : Source cell decides the target cell.

[0091] a) After receiving the measurement report, the serving cell can decide the target cell based on the reported Al-related capabilities.

[0092] b) If the X2 interface between the serving cell and the target cell is available, the serving cell sends the UE context and the Al-service profile to the target cell for Al service HO request.

[0093] c) The target cell is able to support the UE’ s Al service and sends Al service HO confirm to the source cell.

[0094] d) The source cell sends Al service HO command to move the UE to target cell.

[0095] e) If the X2 interface between the serving cell and the target cell is not available, the serving cell sends the UE context, the Al-service profile, and the reported Al-related capability of neighbor cells to the CN NF (e.g. AMF) for assistance in Al service HO request.

[0096] f) The CN NF decides the target cell and sends Al service HO request to the target cell.

[0097] g) The target cell is able to support the UE’ s Al service and sends Al service HO confirm to the CN NF.

[0098] h) The CN NF sends Al service HO confirm to the serving cell.

[0099] i) The source cell sends Al service HO confirm to move the UE to the target cell.

[0100] In Option 1, the source (serving) cell determines the target cell for the Al service handover based on the measurement report containing Al-related capabilities. If the X2 interface between the serving and target cells is available, the serving cell directly sends the UE context and Al service profile to the target cell, which confirms its ability to support the UE’ s Al service and completes the handover. If the X2 interface is unavailable, the serving cell sends the UE context, Al service profile, and neighboring cells’ Al-related capabilities to the core network function (CN NF), such as the AMF, for assistance. The CN NF then selects the target cell, sends an Al service handover request, receives confirmation from the target cell, and relays the confirmation back to the serving cell, which finalizes the handover to the target cell.

[0101] 7. Option 2: Source cell cannot decide the target cell and CN NF decides the target cell.

[0102] a) After receiving the measurement report, the serving cell cannot decide the target cell based on the reported Al-related capabilities because the serving cell does not comprehend the neighbor cells’ Al-related capabilities.

[0103] b) The servicing cell sends Al service HO request to the CN NF and includes the following information: the UE’ s Al service context, the reported neighbor cells’ Al-related capabilities, the list of recommended neighbor cells based on their cell quality (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR).

[0104] c) The CN NF decides the target cell that can best provide Al services to the UE.

[0105] d) The CN NF sends Al service HO request to the target cell.

[0106] e) The target can provide Al service to the UE and sends Al service HO confirm to the CN NF. In this message, the target cell further includes detailed and updated Al-related capabilities for the Al service.

[0107] f) The CN NF sends Al service HO confirm to the serving cell and include the latest Al-related capability of the target cell.

[0108] g) The serving cell sends Al service HO command to the UE and include the latest AI- related capability of the target cell.

[0109] h) The UE moves to the target cell and continues with the Al services.

[0110] In Option 2, when the serving cell cannot determine the target cell due to insufficient understanding of neighboring cells ’ Al-related capabilities, it sends an Al service handover (HO)Atty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT request to the core network function (CN NF). This request includes the UE ’ s Al service context, the reported Al-related capabilities of neighboring cells, and a list of recommended cells based on signal quality. The CN NF then selects the most suitable target cell, sends the Al service HO request, and receives confirmation containing updated Al-related capabilities. It forwards this confirmation to the serving cell, which in turn sends an Al service HO command to the UE. The UE then moves to the target cell and continues its Al service seamlessly.

[0111] 8. Option 3 : Source cell or CN NF decides the target cell based on UE recommendation.

[0112] a) The UE, based on measured results and its Al-assisted services, sends a list of recommended target cells to the serving cell.

[0113] b) The serving cell or the CN NF may decide the target cell by considering the neighbor cell list sent by the UE. The rest steps may follow what have been described in option 1 and option 2.

[0114] In Option 3, the UE generates and sends a list of recommended target cells to the serving cell based on its measurements and Al-assisted service experience. The serving cell or the CN NF then selects the target cell by considering this UE-provided list, after which the remaining procedures proceed in accordance with the steps outlined in Options 1 and 2.

[0115] FIG. 1 IB illustrates an Al service handover procedure triggered by RAN node and CN NF negotiation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 IB illustrates that, in some embodiments, the Al service handover procedure triggered by RAN node and CN NF negotiation includes at least one of following operations.

[0116] 1. The UE is connected to the network with a serving cell for an Al-related service. The service is provided by the serving cell and a CN NF.

[0117] 2 The serving cell configures UE measurement and reporting configurations to let the UE report the neighbor cells’ quality (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR).

[0118] 3 The UE sends measurement reports about neighbor cells ’ quality when the reporting configuration is satisfied. The UE also includes its Al service profile in the report to assist the network for HO decision. Al service profile includes the following information:

[0119] a) Al service flow ID.

[0120] b) Al model information: model ID, model type, ongoing inference results and status.

[0121] c) Required Al service, computing capabilities, and data processing capabilities of the target cell.

[0122] 4. If the X2 interface between the serving cell and the neighbor cells is available, the serving cell sends Al capability inquiry message to neighbor cells to collect their Al capabilities.

[0123] 5. Neighbor cells send Al capability inquiry complete message to the serving cell.

[0124] 6. The serving cell selects the best neighbor cell to serve the UE and sends Al serviceHO request message to the target cell.

[0125] 7. The target cell sends Al service HO complete message to the serving cell.

[0126] 8. The serving cell sends Al service HO command to move the UE to the target cell.

[0127] 9. If the X2 interface is not available or the serving cell cannot comprehend neighbor cells’ Al capabilities, the serving cell sends Al service HO request message to a CN NF. In this message, the list of neighbor cells reported by the UE is included. An indicator about absence of neighbor cells’ Al capability is also included.

[0128] 10. CN NF sends the Al capability inquiry message to the neighbor cells on the list.

[0129] 11. Neighbor cells on the list send Al capability inquiry complete message to the CN NF.

[0130] 12. The CN NF decides the best neighbor cell to continue serving the UE and sends Al service HO message to the target cell.

[0131] 13. The target cell sends Al service HO complete message to the CN NF.

[0132] 14. The CN NF sends target cell’ s information to the serving cell in Al service HO complete message.Atty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT

[0133] 15. The serving cells sends Al service HO command to move the UE to the target cell.

[0134] FIG. 11B illustrates an Al service handover procedure triggered through negotiation between the RAN node and the CN NF. In this procedure, the UE connects to a serving cell for Al-related services while reporting neighboring cell quality and its Al service profile, including flow ID, model details, and required computing and data processing capabilities. If the X2 interface is available, the serving cell directly queries neighboring cells for their Al capabilities, selects the optimal target cell, and completes the handover. If the X2 interface is unavailable or the serving cell cannot interpret the Al capability information, it forwards the handover request, including the UE’ s neighbor cell list and an indicator of missing Al capability data, to the CN NF. The CN NF then collects Al capability information from the listed cells, determines the best target cell, coordinates with the target cell to complete the handover, and sends confirmation to the serving cell, which finally commands the UE to move to the target cell.

[0135] Commercial interests for some embodiments are as follows. 1. Solve issues in the prior art and other issues. 2. Perform Al-aware handover. 3. Ensure continuity of Al service. 4. Improve network intelligence and computing resource utilization. 5. Provide a good communication performance. 6. Provide high reliability. Some embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in many applications. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are used by chipset vendors, video system development vendors, automakers including cars, trains, trucks, buses, bicycles, moto-bikes, helmets, and etc., drones (unmanned aerial vehicles), smartphone makers, communication devices for public safety use, AR / VR / MR device maker for example gaming, conference / seminar, education purposes. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are a combination of “techniques / processes” that can be adopted in video standards to create an end product. Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose technical mechanisms. The at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure may be used for current and / or new / future standards regarding communication systems such as a UE, a base station, and / or a communication system. Compatible products follow at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure. The proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus are widely used in a UE, a base station, and / or a communication system. With the implementation of the at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one modification to methods and apparatus of wireless communication are considered for standardizing.

[0136] In some embodiments, a network function includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The network function is configured to perform the above method. In some embodiments, a core network element includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The core network element is configured to provide the above method. In some embodiments, a non-transitory machine- readable storage medium has stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the above method. In some embodiments, a chip includes a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the above method. In some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, causes a computer to execute the above method. In some embodiments, a computer program product includes a computer program, and the computer program causes a computer to execute the above method. In some embodiments, a computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.

[0137] In some embodiments, a network function or a core network element may be implemented using a computing platform such as the example computing device 1100 illustrated in FIG. 12 or the communication system 1200 illustrated in FIG. 13. As shown in FIG. 12, the computing device 1100 may include a processor 1112, memory 1114, and input / output (I / O) interfaces 1118 coupled via a bus 1116. The processor 1112 may execute program code stored in the memory 1114 to perform one or more methods described above with respect to FIG. 1 to FIG. 1 IB. The memoryAtty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT1114 may be a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed, enable NAS message handling, partial decoding, SRB-based routing, or collaboration with the AMF. In some cases, the program code may be stored on a separate computer-readable storage medium or integrated within the device as a computer program product. As shown in FIG. 13, the communication system 1200 may include RF circuitry 1210, baseband circuitry 1220, application circuitry 1230, and memory / storage 1240, among other components such as display 1250, camera 1260, sensor 1270, and VO interface 1280. The application circuitry 1230 and baseband circuitry 1220 may be configured to execute program instructions and perform processing functions related to NAS signaling, including determining the destination core network function, managing signaling bearers, and communicating with the AMF. These components may be integrated into a mobile or edge device, supporting edge-cloud deployment as described in earlier embodiments. The hardware and software integration in such devices enables flexible and efficient execution of the NAS message distribution mechanisms disclosed herein.

[0138] FIG. 12 is an example of a computing device 1100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Any suitable computing device can be used for performing the operations described herein. For example, FIG. 12 illustrates an example of the computing device 1100 that can implement some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 1 IB using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the computing device 1100 can include a processor 1112 that is communicatively coupled to a memory 1114 and that executes computer-executable program code and / or accesses information stored in the memory 1114. The processor 1112 may include a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit ( “ASIC” ), a state machine, or other processing device. The processor 1112 can include any of a number of processing devices, including one. Such a processor can include or may be in communication with a computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor 1112, cause the processor to perform the operations described herein.

[0139] The memory 1114 can include any suitable non-transitory computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium can include any electronic, optical, magnetic, or other storage device capable of providing a processor with computer-readable instructions or other program code. Non-limiting examples of a computer-readable medium include a magnetic disk, a memory chip, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a configured processor, optical storage, magnetic tape or other magnetic storage, or any other medium from which a computer processor can read instructions. The instructions may include processor-specific instructions generated by a compiler and / or an interpreter from code written in any suitable computer-programming language, including, for example, C, C++, C#, visual basic, java, python, perl, javascript, and actionscript.

[0140] The computing device 1100 can also include a bus 1116. The bus 1116 can communicatively couple one or more components of the computing device 1100. The computing device 1100 can also include a number of external or internal devices such as input or output devices. For example, the computing device 1100 is illustrated with an input / output ( “I / O” ) interface 1118 that can receive input from one or more input devices 1120 or provide output to one or more output devices 1122. The one or more input devices 1120 and one or more output devices 1122 can be communicatively coupled to the VO interface 1118. The communicative coupling can be implemented via any suitable manner (e.g., a connection via a printed circuit board, connection via a cable, communication via wireless transmissions, etc.). Non-limiting examples of input devices 1120 include a touch screen (e g., one or more cameras for imaging a touch area or pressure sensors for detecting pressure changes caused by a touch), a mouse, a keyboard, or any other device that can be used to generate input events in response to physical actions by a user of a computing device. Non-limiting examples of output devices 1122 include a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, an external monitor, a speaker, or any other device that can be used to display or otherwise present outputs generated by a computing device.Atty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT

[0141] The computing device 1100 can execute program code that configures the processor 1112 to perform one or more of the operations described above with respect to some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 11B. The program code may be resident in the memory 1114 or any suitable computer-readable medium and may be executed by the processor 1112 or any other suitable processor.

[0142] The computing device 1100 can also include at least one network interface device 1124. The network interface device 1124 can include any device or group of devices suitable for establishing a wired or wireless data connection to one or more networks 1128. Non limiting examples of the network interface device 1124 include an Ethernet network adapter, a modem, and / or the like. The computing device 1100 can transmit messages as electronic or optical signals via the network interface device 1124.

[0143] FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an example of a communication system 1200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Embodiments described herein may be implemented into the communication system 1200 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. FIG. 13 illustrates the communication system 1200 including a radio frequency (RF) circuitry 1210, a baseband circuitry 1220, an application circuitry 1230, a memory / storage 1240, a display 1250, a camera 1260, a sensor 1270, and an input / output (VO) interface 1280, coupled with each other at least as illustrated.

[0144] The application circuitry 1230 may include a circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors, such as graphics processors, application processors. The processors may be coupled with the memory / storage and configured to execute instructions stored in the memory / storage to enable various applications and / or operating systems running on the system. The communication system 1200 can execute program code that configures the application circuitry 1230 to perform one or more of the operations described above with respect to some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 11B. The program code may be resident in the application circuitry 1230 or any suitable computer-readable medium and may be executed by the application circuitry 1230 or any other suitable processor.

[0145] The baseband circuitry 1220 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include a baseband processor. The baseband circuitry may handle various radio control functions that may enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation, encoding, decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and / or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN). Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multimode baseband circuitry.

[0146] In various embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1220 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a baseband frequency. For example, in some embodiments, baseband circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency. The RF circuitry 1210 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 1210 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a radio frequency. For example, in some embodiments, RF circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency.Atty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT

[0147] In various embodiments, the transmitter circuitry, control circuitry, or receiver circuitry discussed above with respect to some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 11B may be embodied in whole or in part in one or more of the RF circuitry, the baseband circuitry, and / or the application circuitry. As used herein, “circuitry ” may refer to, be part of, or include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and / or a memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and / or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the electronic device circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry, the application circuitry, and / or the memory / storage may be implemented together on a system on a chip (SOC). The memory / storage 1240 may be used to load and store data and / or instructions, for example, for system. The memory / storage for one embodiment may include any combination of suitable volatile memory, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM)), and / or non-volatile memory, such as flash memory.

[0148] In various embodiments, the VO interface 1280 may include one or more user interfaces designed to enable user interaction with the system and / or peripheral component interfaces designed to enable peripheral component interaction with the system. User interfaces may include, but are not limited to a physical keyboard or keypad, a touchpad, a speaker, a microphone, etc. Peripheral component interfaces may include, but are not limited to, a non-volatile memory port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an audio jack, and a power supply interface. In various embodiments, the sensor 1270 may include one or more sensing devices to determine environmental conditions and / or location information related to the system. In some embodiments, the sensors may include, but are not limited to, a gyro sensor, an accelerometer, a proximity sensor, an ambient light sensor, and a positioning unit. The positioning unit may also be part of, or interact with, the baseband circuitry and / or RF circuitry to communicate with components of a positioning network, e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) satellite.

[0149] In various embodiments, the display 1250 may include a display, such as a liquid crystal display and a touch screen display. In various embodiments, the communication system 1200 may be a mobile computing device such as, but not limited to, a laptop computing device, a tablet computing device, a netbook, an ultrabook, a smartphone, an AR / VR glasses, etc. In various embodiments, system may have more or less components, and / or different architectures. Where appropriate, methods described herein may be implemented as a computer program. The computer program may be stored on a storage medium, such as a non-transitory storage medium.

[0150] A person having ordinary skill in the art understands that each of the units, algorithm, and operations described and disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are realized using electronic hardware or combinations of software for computers and electronic hardware. Whether the functions run in hardware or software depends on the condition of application and design requirement for a technical plan. A person having ordinary skill in the art can use different ways to realize the function for each specific application while such realizations should not go beyond the scope of the present disclosure. It is understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art that he / she can refer to the working processes of the system, device, and unit in the above-mentioned embodiment since the working processes of the above-mentioned system, device, and unit are basically the same. For easy description and simplicity, these working processes will not be detailed.

[0151] It is understood that the disclosed system, device, and method in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be realized with other ways. The above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary only. The division of the units is merely based on logical functions while other divisions exist in realization. It is possible that a plurality of units or components are combined or integrated in another system. It is also possible that some characteristics are omitted or skipped. On the other hand, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communicative couplingAtty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT operate through some ports, devices, or units whether indirectly or communicatively by ways of electrical, mechanical, or other kinds of forms.

[0152] The units as separating components for explanation are or are not physically separated. The units for display are or are not physical units, that is, located in one place or distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units are used according to the purposes of the embodiments. Moreover, each of the functional units in each of the embodiments can be integrated in one processing unit, physically independent, or integrated in one processing unit with two or more than two units.

[0153] If the software function unit is realized and used and sold as a product, it can be stored in a readable storage medium in a computer. Based on this understanding, the technical plan proposed by the present disclosure can be essentially or partially realized as the form of a software product. Or, one part of the technical plan beneficial to the conventional technology can be realized as the form of a software product. The software product in the computer is stored in a storage medium, including a plurality of commands for a computational device (such as a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to run all or some of the operations disclosed by the embodiments of the present disclosure. The storage medium includes a USB disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a floppy disk, or other kinds of media capable of storing program codes.

[0154] While the present disclosure has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements made without departing from the scope of the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.

Claims

Atty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCTWhat is claimed is:

1. A method of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, comprising: obtaining an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell; and transmitting a measurement report comprising the Al-related capability information to a serving cell for an Al service handover decision.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell comprises at least one of a computing bandwidth of the at least one neighbor cell for Al service, an Al model identifier or feature set of the at least one neighbor cell, or a data processing capability of the at least one neighbor cell.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurement report is triggered when a signal quality of the serving cell falls below a first threshold and a signal quality of the at least one neighbor cell exceeds a second threshold.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurement report further comprises an Al service profile of the UE, and the Al service profile comprises at least one of an Al service flow identifier, an Al model information comprising a model type and an inference status, or a requirement for computing or data processing capability of a target cell.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, from the serving cell, a configuration for Al-related capability measurement to enable reading of a system information from the at least one neighbor cell.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the system information comprises a system information block (SIB) comprising the Al-related capability information.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell comprises: transmitting an Al capability inquiry message to at least one of the serving cell or a core network (CN) network function (NF) to request the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell comprises: receiving, from the serving cell, an Al service handover command comprising an Al-related capability information of a target cell.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: performing a handover to the target cell based on the Al-related capability information of the target cell.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: generating a list of recommended neighbor cells based on at least one of the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell or measured cell qualities; and transmitting, to the serving cell, the list of recommended neighbor cells to assist the Al service handover decision.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein an Al service handover is conditionally executed by the UE when at least one handover condition is satisfied, and the at least one handover condition comprises at least one of a quality threshold or an Al capability requirement of a target cell.

12. A method of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover by a serving cell in a wireless communication system, comprising: receiving, from a user equipment (UE), a measurement report comprising an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell; and determining a target cell for an Al service handover based on the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell comprises at least one of a computing bandwidth of the at least one neighbor cell for Al service, an Al model identifier or feature set of the at least one neighbor cell, or a dataAtty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT processing capability of the at least one neighbor cell.

14. The method of claim 12, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, a configuration for Al-related capability measurement to enable the UE to obtain a system information from the at least one neighbor cell.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the configuration for Al-related capability measurement identifies a system information block (SIB) of the at least one neighbor cell that contains the AI- related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell.

16. The method of claim 12, further comprising: transmitting, to the at least one neighbor cell, an Al capability inquiry message to request the AI- related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell; and receiving, from the at least one neighbor cell, an Al capability inquiry complete message comprising the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell.

17. The method of claim 12, further comprising: transmitting, to a core network (CN) network function (NF), an Al service handover request comprising the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell and an Al service context of the UE, when the serving cell cannot determine the target cell.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: receiving, from the CN NF, an Al service handover confirm message comprising an Al-related capability information of the target cell.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, an Al service handover command comprising the Al-related capability information of the target cell to execute the Al service handover.

20. The method of claim 12, wherein the serving cell determines the target cell based on a neighbor cell list recommended by the UE, and the neighbor cell list is included in the measurement report.

21. The method of claim 12, further comprising: involving the CN NF in an Al service handover decision when the serving cell lacks comprehension of the Al -related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell reported by the UE.

22. The method of claim 12, wherein the Al service handover decision is made jointly by the serving cell and the CN NF based on at least one of an Al service profile of the UE, a neighbor cell quality, or Al-related capabilities of the neighbor cells.

23. A method of performing an artificial intelligence (Al) service handover by a core network (CN) network function (NF) in a wireless communication system, comprising: receiving, from a serving cell, an Al service handover request comprising an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell and an Al service context of a user equipment (UE); and determining a target cell for an Al service handover based on the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell and the Al service context of the UE.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell comprises at least one of a computing bandwidth of the at least one neighbor cell for Al service, an Al model identifier or feature set of the at least one neighbor cell, or a data processing capability of the at least one neighbor cell.

25. The method of claim 23, further comprising: transmitting, to the at least one neighbor cell, an Al capability inquiry message to request an updated Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell; and receiving, from the at least one neighbor cell, an Al capability inquiry complete message comprising the updated Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein the CN NF receives the Al service handover request when the serving cell is unable to comprehend or evaluate the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell.

27. The method of claim 23, further comprising: transmitting, to a target cell, an Al service handover request comprising the Al service context of the UE and the Al-related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell.Atty. Dkt. No. 10085-01-0189-PCT28. The method of claim 27, further comprising: receiving, from the target cell, an Al service handover confirm message comprising an Al-related capability information of the target cell.

29. The method of claim 28, further comprising: transmitting, to the serving cell, an Al service handover confirm message comprising the AI- related capability information of the target cell.

30. The method of claim 23, wherein the CN NF selects the target cell based on a neighbor cell list recommended by the UE, and the neighbor cell list is included in the Al service handover request.

31. A user equipment (UE), comprising: a controller configured to obtain an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell; and a transmitter configured to transmit a measurement report comprising the Al-related capability information to a serving cell for an Al service handover decision.

32. A user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; a transceiver; and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver; wherein the UE is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 11.

33. A serving cell, comprising: a receiver configured to receive, from a user equipment (UE), a measurement report comprising an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell; and a determiner configured to determine a target cell for an Al service handover based on the AI- related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell.

34. A serving cell, comprising: a memory; a transceiver; and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver; wherein the serving cell is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 12 to 22.

35. A core network (CN) network function (NF), comprising: a receiver configured to receive, from a serving cell, an Al service handover request comprising an Al-related capability information of at least one neighbor cell and an Al service context of a user equipment (UE); and a determiner configured to determine a target cell for an Al service handover based on the AI- related capability information of the at least one neighbor cell and the Al service context of the UE.

36. A core network (CN) network function (NF), comprising: a memory; a transceiver; and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver; wherein the CN NF is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 23 to 30.

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