Devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for quality of experience measurement
By storing QoE measurement configurations for delayed activation based on service quality degradation or network commands, the method addresses inefficiencies in NR networks, enhancing dynamic control and optimization in 5G systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NOKIA SOLUTIONS (SHANGHAI) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-25
AI Technical Summary
Existing QoE measurement mechanisms in NR networks face inefficiencies in dynamic control and adaptation, particularly in 5G systems, due to immediate activation and release of QoE measurements, which hinder effective network optimization and resource management.
A method and apparatus for storing QoE measurement configurations without immediate activation, allowing for delayed activation based on service quality degradation or explicit network commands, enabling dynamic and efficient QoE measurement management.
Enhances the flexibility and efficiency of QoE measurement by allowing delayed activation, improving network optimization and resource allocation in response to service quality changes.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024139483_25062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES, METHODS, APPARATUSES, AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIA FOR QUALITY OF EXPERIENCE MEASUREMENTTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments relate to devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for quality of experience (QoE) measurement.BACKGROUND
[0002] In new radio (NR) , network can use QoE measurement and collection (QMC) mechanism to achieve long-term network optimization for a certain service type by measuring full-set QoE metrics in user equipment (UE) application layer (AL) . NR radio access network (RAN) visible QoE (RV-QoE) is designed to support time-critical QoE measurement. A next Generation Node B (gNB) may configure RV-QoE measurement and collect measurement results from UE AL. Then, the gNB may use the collected results reported from the UE to do RAN and Uu interface scheduling optimization. To achieve fast QoE measurement result collection, compared to normal NR QoE, NR RV-QoE supports smaller, e.g. ms level, reporting periodicity. According to proposed further QoE enhancement mechanism, the RV-QoE is used for near-real-time QoE collection at RAN side. Currently, RV-QoE uses setup / release mechanism, where “setup” means the UE activates QoE measurement in AL immediately upon receiving a QoE measurement configuration, and “release” means the UE releases QoE measurement configuration immediately upon receiving a release command. The QoE measurement configuration and the release command are transmitted using radio resource control (RRC) signaling.SUMMARY
[0003] A brief summary of exemplary embodiments is provided below to provide basic understanding of some aspects of various embodiments. It should be noted that this summary is not intended to identify key features of essential elements or define scopes of the embodiments, and its sole purpose is to introduce some concepts in a simplified form as a preamble for a more detailed description provided below.
[0004] In a first aspect, disclosed is a terminal device. The terminal device may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the terminal device at least to: receive, at a first layer of the terminal device from a network, one or more QoE measurement configurations, indexed by one or more QoE IDs and associated with one or more service types; receive, a control command from the network to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; according to the control command, store the one or more QoE measurement configurations at the first layer or a second layer of the terminal device; and according to a first activation command received or a degradation of service quality detected, perform one of: activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; or transmitting to the network, a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0005] In a second aspect, disclosed is a network device. The network device may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the network device at least to: transmit to a terminal device, one or more QoE measurement configurations indexed by ID and associated with one or more service types, for the terminal device to store; transmit to the terminal device, a control command to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; and perform one of: receiving from the terminal device, information on an activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; or transmitting to the terminal device, an activation command with QoE ID, for the terminal device to activate at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID.
[0006] In a third aspect, disclosed is a method performed by a terminal device. The method may comprise: receiving, at a first layer of the terminal device from a network, one or more QoE measurement configurations, indexed by one or more QoE IDs and associated with one or more service types; receiving, a control command from the network to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; according to the control command, storing the one or more QoE measurement configurations at the first layer or a second layer of the terminal device; and according to a first activation command received or a degradation of service quality detected, performing one of: activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; or transmitting to the network, a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, disclosed is a method performed by a network device. The method may comprise: transmitting to a terminal device, one or more QoE measurement configurations indexed by ID and associated with one or more service types, for the terminal device to store; transmitting to the terminal device, a control command to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; and performing one of: receiving from the terminal device, information on an activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; or transmitting to the terminal device, an activation command with QoE ID, for the terminal device to activate at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, disclosed is an apparatus for a terminal device. The apparatus for the terminal device may comprise: means for receiving, at a first layer of the terminal device from a network, one or more QoE measurement configurations, indexed by one or more QoE IDs and associated with one or more service types; means for receiving, a control command from the network to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; means for according to the control command, storing the one or more QoE measurement configurations at the first layer or a second layer of the terminal device; and means for according to a first activation command received or a degradation of service quality detected, performing one of: activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; or transmitting to the network, a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, disclosed is an apparatus for a network device. The apparatus for the network device may comprise: means for transmitting to a terminal device, one or more QoE measurement configurations indexed by ID and associated with one or more service types, for the terminal device to store; means for transmitting to the terminal device, a control command to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; and means for performing one of: receiving from the terminal device, information on an activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; or transmitting to the terminal device, an activation command with QoE ID, for the terminal device to activate at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, a computer readable medium is disclosed. The computer readable medium may comprise program instructions that, when executed by a terminal device, may cause the terminal device at least to: receive, at a first layer of the terminal device from a network, one or more QoE measurement configurations, indexed by one or more QoE IDs and associated with one or more service types; receive, a control command from the network to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; according to the control command, store the one or more QoE measurement configurations at the first layer or a second layer of the terminal device; and according to a first activation command received or a degradation of service quality detected, perform one of: activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; or transmitting to the network, a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0011] In an eighth aspect, a computer readable medium is disclosed. The computer readable medium may comprise program instructions that, when executed by a network device, cause the network device at least to: transmit to a terminal device, one or more QoE measurement configurations indexed by ID and associated with one or more service types, for the terminal device to store; transmit to the terminal device, a control command to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; and perform one of: receiving from the terminal device, information on an activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; or transmitting to the terminal device, an activation command with QoE ID, for the terminal device to activate at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID.
[0012] Other features and advantages of the example embodiments of the present disclosure will also be apparent from the following description of specific embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of example embodiments of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Some example embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0014] FIG. 1A and FIG 1B show exemplary sequence diagrams for QoE measurement according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 2 shows a flow chart illustrating an example method 200 for QoE measurement according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 3 shows a flow chart illustrating an example method 300 for QoE measurement according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 4 shows a block diagram illustrating an example device 400 for QoE measurement according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 5 shows a block diagram illustrating an example device 500 for QoE measurement according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram illustrating an example apparatus 600 for QoE measurement according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram illustrating an example apparatus 700 for QoE measurement according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a communication network to which examples disclosed herein may be applied.
[0022] Throughout the drawings, same or similar reference numbers indicate same or similar elements. A repetitive description on the same elements would be omitted.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] Herein below, some example embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known circuits, techniques and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the described concepts and features.
[0024] The following embodiments are examples. Although the specification may refer to “an” , “one” , or “some” embodiment (s) in several locations of the text, this does not necessarily mean that each reference is made to the same embodiment (s) , or that a particular feature only applies to a single embodiment. Single features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide other embodiments. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection of an embodiment, it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to apply such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. It shall be understood that although the terms “first, ” “second” and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.
[0025] For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrases “at least one of A or B” , “at least one of A and B” , and “A and / or B” means (A) , (B) , or (A and B) . For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrase “A, B, and / or C” means (A) , (B) , (C) , (A and B) , (A and C) , (B and C) , or (A, B, and C) .
[0026] As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0027] As used herein, the terms “the at least one” and “the one or more” mean “any one of the at least one” and “any one of the one or more” , respectively.
[0028] Embodiments described may be implemented in a communication network, such as any of the following radio access technologies (RATs) : Worldwide Interoperability for Micro-wave Access (WiMAX) , Global System for Mobile communications (GSM, 2G) , GSM EDGE radio access Network (GERAN) , General Packet Radio Service (GRPS) , Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS, 3G) based on basic wideband-code division multiple access (W-CDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, and enhanced LTE (eLTE) , 5G (also called NR) , or any future radio access technology (RAT) such as 6G. Moreover, communication within the communication network may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , and / or Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) .
[0029] As used herein, the term “network device” or “network node” refers to a node in a communication network via which user equipment may access the network and / or which is capable of controlling radio communication and managing radio resources within a cell. The network node or network device may be referred to as a base station (BS) , an access point (AP) or an access node. The network device may be, depending on the applied technology, for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, or an aircraft network device.
[0030] Moreover, in connection of split radio access network (RAN) , the network device may refer to a centralised unit (CU) of a base station and / or a distributed unit (DU) of a base station. An interface between CU and DU may be referred to as an F1 interface in NR. In the split RAN architecture, node operations may be carried out, at least partly, in the central / centralized unit, CU, (e.g. server, host or node) operationally coupled to the DU, (e.g. a radio head / node) . One CU may control one or more DUs, acting at least as transmit / receive (Tx / Rx) nodes. In some embodiments, the DUs may comprise e.g. a radio link control (RLC) , medium access control (MAC) layer and a physical (PHY) layer, whereas the CU may comprise the layers above RLC layer, such as a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) and an internet protocol (IP) layers. Other functional splits are possible too. In practice, any processing task may be performed in either the CU or the DU and the boundary where the responsibility is shifted between the CU and the DU may depend on the applied implementation.
[0031] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that is capable of wireless communication. By way of example, a terminal device may be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , or a Mobile Station (MS) . The terminal device may include a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, USB dongles, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. The terminal device may also correspond to a Mobile Termination (MT) part of an IAB node (e.g., a relay node) . In the below description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0032] The term “resource” , as used herein, may refer to radio resources in time domain, in frequency domain, in space domain, and / or in code domain. Some examples of resources include e.g. a physical resource block (PRB) , a radio frame, a subframe, a time slot, a subband, a frequency region, a sub-carrier, a beam, etc. The term “transmission” and / or “reception” may refer to wirelessly transmitting and / or receiving via a wireless propagation channel on radio resources.
[0033] The term “circuitry” throughout this disclosure may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in analog, digital and / or quantum circuitry) ; (b) combinations of hardware circuit (s) and software, such as (as applicable) (i) a combination of analog, digital and / or quantum hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and (ii) any or all portions of hardware processor (s) (including digital and / or quantum processor (s) ) with software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile device, computing device or server, to perform various functions) ; and (c) any or all portions of hardware circuit (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) , processor (s) and / or quantum processor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. This definition of circuitry applies to one or all uses of this term in this disclosure, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this disclosure, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0034] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a communication network to which examples disclosed herein may be applied. The communication network or a cellular communication network may comprise a network node 810 providing one or more cells, such as cell 800, and a network node 812 providing one or more other cells, such as cell 802. Each cell may be, e.g., a macro cell, a micro cell, femto, or a pico cell, for example. The cell may define a coverage area or a service area of the corresponding access node.
[0035] The network node 810 may provide a user equipment (UE) 820 (one or more UEs) with wireless access to the communication network. The wireless access may comprise downlink (DL) communication from the network node to the UE 820 and uplink (UL) communication from the UE 820 to the network node. Examples of uplink channels comprise physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for transmitting control information and physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for transmitting data towards the network. Examples of downlink channels comprise physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for transmitting control information and physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for transmitting data towards the user equipment.
[0036] There may be a plurality of UEs 820, 822 in the system. Each of them may be served by the same or by different network nodes 810, 812. UE may be configured with dual connectivity (DC) , wherein the UE, e.g. UE 820, may be connected to multiple network nodes 810, 812. The UEs 820, 822 may communicate with each other, in case device-to-device (D2D) communication interface is established between them via a so-called sidelink (SL) . Such D2D communications may be referred to as machine-to-machine, peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , for example.
[0037] In the case of multiple network nodes in the communication network, the network nodes may be connected to each other via an interface. LTE specifications call such an interface as X2 interface. An interface between an LTE node and a 5G node, or between two 5G nodes may be called Xn interface.
[0038] The network nodes 810 and 812 may be further connected via another interface to a core network 816 of the communication network. The LTE specifications specify the core network as an evolved packet core (EPC) , and the core network may comprise e.g. a mobility management entity (MME) and a gateway node. The MME may handle mobility of terminal devices in a tracking area encompassing a plurality of cells and handle signaling connections between the terminal devices and the core network. The gateway node may handle data routing in the core network and to / from the terminal devices. The 5G specifications specify the core network as a 5G core (5GC) . The 5G core may comprise e.g. an access and mobility management function (AMF) and a user plane function / gateway (UPF) and other functions. The AMF may handle termination of non-access stratum (NAS) signaling, NAS ciphering & integrity protection, registration management, connection management, mobility management, access authentication and authorization, security context management. The UPF node may support packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection and quality of service (QoS) handling, for example.
[0039] Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for QoE measurement. The solutions according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure can be suitable for fast and efficient dynamic control and adaptation of time-critical RV-QMC in fifth generation of mobile communication system (5G) , 5G-Advanced and beyond fifth generation of mobile communication system (B5G) , e.g. sixth generation of mobile communication system (6G) .
[0040] FIG. 1A and FIG 1B show exemplary sequence diagrams for QoE measurement according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to the FIG. 1A, a UE 110 may represent any terminal device in a network. A UE AL 112 and a UE access stratum (AS) 114 are shown as example layers of the UE 110. A network device 180 may represent a network serving the UE 110, for example, a base station (BS) , e.g. a gNB.
[0041] Referring to FIG. 1A, the network device 180 may transmit a QoE measurement configuration message 182 to the UE 110. The QoE measurement configuration message 182 may comprise one or more QoE measurement configurations. The one or more QoE measurement configurations may be indexed by one or more QoE identifiers (IDs) , respectively, and the one or more QoE measurement configurations may be associated with one or more service types. The service types may be, for example, extended reality (XR) service type, multicast / broadcast service (MBS) type, streaming service type, etc. In some embodiments, a service type may be associated with multiple QoE measurement configurations. In some embodiments, each QoE measurement configuration may have a unique QoE ID.
[0042] The one or more QoE measurement configurations may be transmitted via one QoE measurement configuration message 182 or via multiple QoE measurement configuration messages 182 separately. The QoE measurement configuration message 182 may be a RRC message, for example, a RRC reconfiguration message.
[0043] According to the example embodiments of the present disclosure, the UE 110 does not need to activate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations immediately upon receiving the one or more QoE measurement configurations. In the present disclosure, the term “QoE measurement configuration” may also be referred to as QoE configuration container, QoE configuration, configured QoE container, configured QoE measurement or the like, and the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0044] In some embodiments, the network device 180 may transmit to the UE 110, a control command to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the UE 110 without activation to perform QoE measurement. In some embodiments, the control command may be explicit, for example, by means of a flag bit, and a value of the flag bit may indicate the UE 110 to store the received one or more QoE measurement configurations but not to activate to perform QoE measurement. In some embodiments, the control command may be implicit, for example, by means of an information element (IE) of the QoE measurement configuration, and a value of the IE may indicate the UE 110 to store the received one or more QoE measurement configurations but not to activate to perform QoE measurement. With the control command, the UE 110 may store the received QoE measurement configuration but not perform QoE measurement immediately upon receiving the QoE measurement configuration.
[0045] At UE side, the UE AS 114 may receive the one or more QoE measurement configurations. Then, according to the explicit or implicit control command, the UE 110 may store the one or more QoE measurement configurations at the UE AS 114 or the UE AL 112. In the example embodiments with respect to FIG. 1A, in an operation 116, the UE 110 may store the one or more QoE measurement configurations at the UE AS 114. In some embodiments, the UE AS 114 may transmit to the UE AL 112 an attention (AT) command 118 to notify the UE AL 112 that the UE AS 114 has received and stored the one or more QoE measurement configurations.
[0046] Then, according to an activation command received or a degradation of service quality detected, the UE 110 may perform one of: activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; or transmitting to the network device 180, a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations. The detailed embodiments will be described below.
[0047] In some embodiments, the network device 180 may transmit to the UE 110 an activation command 186 for the UE 110 to activate at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations. The activation command 186 may comprise the QoE ID of the at least one stored QoE measurement configuration to be activated. The activation command 186 may be transmitted via a lower layer signaling, e.g. a MAC CE.
[0048] In some embodiments, the network device 180 may transmit the activation command 186 in case of detecting a degradation of quality of service (QoS) , and in this case the activation command 186 may comprise the QoE ID of at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0049] Receiving the activation command 186 with QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type, the UE 110 may activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0050] In some embodiments, the network device 180 may transmit the activation command 186 without detecting a degradation of QoS. In this case the activation command 186 may comprise the QoE ID of the QoE measurement configuration to be activated. Receiving the activation command 186 with the QoE ID, the UE 110 may activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID.
[0051] The activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations by the UE 110 may comprise transmitting, from the UE AS 114 to the UE AL 112, an activation command. An AT command 118 shown in FIG. 1A may be the activation command from the UE AS 114 to the UE AL 112.
[0052] In the example embodiments of FIG. 1A, the one or more QoE measurement configurations are stored at the UE AS 114, and in this case the AT command 118 may comprise the at least one of the QoE measurement configurations corresponding to the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type. Thus, the AT command 118 may pass and indicate the at least one stored QoE measurement configuration to be activated.
[0053] In some embodiments, the network device 180 may transmit to the UE 110 an indication 184 indicating whether the UE 110 is allowed to autonomously activate at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations. At UE side, the UE 110 may receive the indication 184 at the UE AS 114. In some embodiments, the indication 184 may be transmitted via the QoE measurement configuration message 182.
[0054] The indication 184 may indicate whether the UE 110 is allowed to autonomously activate / deactivate all the stored one or more QoE measurement configurations associated with a service type or is allowed to autonomously activate / deactivate some QoE measurement configuration (s) of the stored one or more QoE measurement configurations associated with a service type. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the indication 184 may indicate whether autonomous activation or autonomous deactivation is allowed separately. Autonomous activation / deactivation allowed indication may indicate to the UE 110 that the UE 110 can decide to activate / deactivate corresponding QoE measurement configuration (s) by the UE 110 itself. Alternatively, or additionally, the indication 184 may be unnecessary, and whether the UE 110 is allowed to autonomously activate / deactivate the stored QoE measurement configuration (s) associated with a service type may be predefined in standard.
[0055] In the example embodiments with respect to FIG. 1A, the indication 184 may indicate the UE 110 is allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations. Alternatively, the UE 110 is allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations according to the standard. For example, the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with a service type are allowed to be autonomously activated by the UE 110. In this case, the UE 110 may, based on detecting a degradation of service quality, activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type. For example, the degradation occurs on the service of the service type, and the UE 110 may activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0056] In some embodiments, the UE 110 may detect the degradation of service quality based on in an operation 122 detecting the degradation of QoS by the UE AS 114, and then, in an operation 124, determine to activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations, e.g. at the UE AS 114.
[0057] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the UE 110 may detect the degradation of service quality based on receiving an indication of degraded QoE from the UE AL 112. For example, in an operation 130, the UE AL 112 may detect a degraded QoE, e.g. experiencing a worse QoE. In this case the UE AL 112 may transmit to the UE AS 114 the indication of degraded QoE via an AT command 132. The AT command 132 may inform the detection of the degraded QoE. Receiving the indication of degraded QoE at the UE AS 114 from the UE AL 112, in an operation 134, the UE 110 may determine to activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations, e.g. at the UE AS 114.
[0058] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the UE 110 may detect the degradation of service quality based on receiving from the network device 180 the activation command 186. At the UE side, the UE 110 may deem the service quality of the service type associated with of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID in the activation command 186 degraded, even if the network device 180 does not detect a degradation of QoS of the service type.
[0059] In some embodiments, in case the UE 110 is allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations, and the UE 110 has stored the one or more QoE measurement configurations at the UE AL 112, if the UE AL 112 detects a degraded QoE, the UE AL 112 may determine to activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations and activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0060] In some embodiments, in the operation 124 or 134, or in the operation the UE AL 112 determines to activate at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations, the UE 110 may determine to activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations based on a mapping relationship between levels of the degradation of QoS or QoE and a corresponding QoE measurement configuration to be activated.
[0061] For example, the mapping relationship may be in a form of mapping table. The mapping table may comprise relationship between key performance indicator (KPI) and / or QoS / QoE experience level of QoS degradation and corresponding QoE configuration. The mapping relationship can be provided to the UE 110 by the network device 180 from operation and management (Q&M) or orchestration and management (OAM) entity that assists the UE 110 to do autonomous activation. Alternatively, the mapping relationship can be predefined in a standard and preconfigured to the UE 110.
[0062] In some embodiments, after the UE 110 determines to activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations in the operation 124 or 134, the UE 110 may perform the activation of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations according to the determination. In some embodiments, the activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations by the UE 110 may comprise transmitting, from the UE AS 114 to the UE AL 112, an activation command. An AT command 126 or 136 shown in FIG. 1A may be the activation command from the UE AS 114 to the UE AL 112.
[0063] In some embodiments, in case the one or more QoE measurement configurations are stored at the UE AL 112 (not the scenario shown in FIG. 1A) , the AT command 126 or 136 may comprise the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type. Thus, the QoE ID in the AT command 126 or 136 may indicate which of the stored QoE measurement configurations is to be activated.
[0064] Alternatively, in some embodiments, in case the one or more QoE measurement configurations are stored at the UE AS 114, the AT command 126 or 136 may comprise the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations corresponding to the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type. Thus, the AT command 126 or 136 may pass and indicate the at least one QoE measurement configuration to be activated.
[0065] Then, in an operation 140, the UE AL 112 may perform the QoE measurement and transmit QoE measurement result via a QoE report 142 to the UE AS 114. The QoE report 142 may be, e.g. an AT command. Then the UE AS 114 may transmit the QoE measurement result via a QoE report 144 to the network device 180. The QoE report 144 may be, e.g. a RRC message.
[0066] In some embodiments, after determining to activate at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations, before, after, or in parallel to the transmission of AT command 126 or 136, the UE 110 may transmit, from the UE AS 114 to the network device 180, information 128 or 138 on the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations. In some embodiments, the UE 110 may transmit the information 128 or 138 via a RRC message. Alternatively, or additionally, in some embodiments, the UE 110 may transmit the information 128 or 138 via a lower layer signaling, e.g. a MAC CE. Thus, in case for the network device 180 the activation is unsuitable, the network device 180 may transmit to the UE 110 a lower layer signaling, e.g. a MAC CE, to deactivate the activation.
[0067] Referring to FIG. 1B, in the example embodiments with respect to FIG. 1B, the UE 110 may receive, the control command from the network device 180 to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the UE 110 without activation to perform QoE measurement. According to the control command, the UE 110 may store the one or more QoE measurement configurations at the the UE AS 114 or the UE AL 112.
[0068] In the example embodiments with respect to FIG. 1B, in an operation 152, the UE 110 may store the one or more QoE measurement configurations at the UE AL 112. In some embodiments, the UE AS 114 may transmit to the UE AL 112 the one or more QoE measurement configurations via an AT command 150.
[0069] Receiving the activation command 186 with the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type, the UE 110 may activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0070] The activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations by the UE 110 may comprise transmitting, from the UE AS 114 to the UE AL 112, an activation command. An AT command 154 shown in FIG. 1B may be the activation command from the UE AS 114 to the UE AL 112.
[0071] In the example embodiments of FIG. 1B, the one or more QoE measurement configurations are stored at the UE AL 112, and in this case the AT command 154 may comprise the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type. Thus, the QoE ID in the AT command 154 may indicate which of the stored QoE measurement configurations is to be activated.
[0072] In the example embodiments with respect to FIG. 1B, the indication 184 may indicate the UE 110 is not allowed (the UE 110 is prohibited) to autonomously activate at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations. Alternatively, the UE 110 may be preconfigured to be not allowed to autonomously activate at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations. For example, the UE 110 may be prohibited to autonomously activate any one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with a service type. In this case, the UE 110 may, based on detecting a degradation of service quality, transmit to the network device 180 a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations. In some embodiments, the request does not need to indicate the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations requested to be activated, and the network device 180 may determine the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations to be activated in response to the request. In some embodiments, the request may indicate the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations requested to be activated.
[0073] In some embodiments, the UE 110 may detect the degradation of service quality based on in the operation 122 detecting the degradation of QoS by the UE AS 114, and then the UE 110 may transmit, e.g. from the UE AS 114, to the network device 180 a request 156 for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations. In some embodiments, the request 156 may request to activate at least one stored QoE measurement configuration associated with the service type and does not need to indicate which QoE measurement configuration associated with the service type to be activated.
[0074] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the UE 110 may detect the degradation of QoS based on receiving an indication of degraded QoE from the UE AL 112. For example, in the operation 130, the UE AL 112 may detect a degraded QoE, e.g. experiencing a worse QoE. Then the UE AL 112 may transmit to the UE AS 114 the indication of degraded QoE via the AT command 132. The AT command 132 may inform the detection of the degraded QoE. Receiving the indication of degraded QoE at the UE AS 114 from the UE AL 112, the UE 110 may transmit, e.g. from the UE AS 114, to the network device 180 a request 160 for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations. In some embodiments, the request 160 may request to activate at least one stored QoE measurement configuration associated with the service type and does not need to indicate which QoE measurement configuration associated with the service type to be activated.
[0075] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the UE 110 may detect the degradation of service quality based on receiving from the network device 180 the activation command 186. At the UE side, the UE 110 may deem the service quality of the service type associated with the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID in the activation command 186 degraded, even if the network device 180 does not detect a degradation of QoS of the service type. In some embodiments, although the UE 110 is not allowed to autonomously activate any stored QoE measurement configurations, the UE 110 may activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID in the activation command 186.
[0076] Receiving the request 156 or 160, the network device 180 may determine the at least one stored QoE measurement configuration to be activated according to the request 156 or 160, and then transmit to the UE 110, an activation command 188 or 192 with the QoE ID in response to the request 156 or 160, for the UE 110 to activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID.
[0077] In some embodiments, the activation command 188 or 192 or the request 156 or 160 may be transmitted / received via lower layer signaling. For example, in some embodiments, the activation command 188 or 192 or the request 156 or 160 may be comprised in a MAC CE. Alternatively, or additionally, in some embodiments, the request 156 or 160 may be transmitted / received via a RRC message.
[0078] Receiving the activation command 188 or 192, the UE 110 may perform the activation of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations according to the activation command 188 or 192. In some embodiments, the activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations by the UE 110 may comprise transmitting, from the UE AS 114 to the UE AL 112, an activation command. An AT command 158 or 162 shown in FIG. 1B may be the activation command from the UE AS 114 to the UE AL 112.
[0079] In some embodiments, in case the one or more QoE measurement configurations are stored at the UE AL 112, the AT command 158 or 162 may comprise the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type. Thus, the QoE ID in the AT command 158 or 162 may indicate which of the stored QoE measurement configurations is to be activated.
[0080] Alternatively, in some embodiments, in case the one or more QoE measurement configurations are stored at the UE AS 114 (not the scenario shown in FIG. 1B) , the AT command 158 or 162 may comprise the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations corresponding to the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type. Thus, the AT command 158 or 162 may pass and indicate the at least one stored QoE measurement configuration to be activated.
[0081] Then, in the operation 140, the UE AL 112 may perform the QoE measurement and transmit QoE measurement result via the QoE report 142 to the UE AS 114. The QoE report 142 may be, e.g. an AT command. Then the UE AS 114 may transmit the QoE measurement result via the QoE report 144 to the network device 180. The QoE report 144 may be, e.g. a RRC message.
[0082] In the example embodiments with respect to FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, the UE 110 may deactivate the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations, in case of recovery of QoS or QoE. For example, in case the UE 110 detects an improvement of QoS, the UE 110 may deactivate the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0083] In some embodiments, the UE 110 may detect the recovery of QoS based on detecting the recovery of QoS by the UE AS 114, and then the UE 110 may determine to deactivate the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations, e.g. at the UE AS 114. Then, the UE 110 may transmit from the UE AS 114 to the UE AL 112 an AT command to deactivate the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0084] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the UE 110 may detect the recovery of QoS based on receiving an indication of recovered QoE from the UE AL 112. For example, the UE AL 112 may detect a recovered QoE, e.g. experiencing a better QoE. Then the UE AL 112 may transmit to the UE AS 114 the indication of recovered QoE via an AT command. The AT command may inform the detection of the recovered QoE. Receiving the indication of recovered QoE at the UE AS 114 from the UE AL 112, the UE 110 may determine to deactivate the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations, e.g. at the UE AS 114. Then, the UE 110 may transmit from the UE AS 114 to the UE AL 112 an AT command to deactivate the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0085] In some embodiments, in case the UE 110 autonomously deactivates the stored at least one QoE measurement configuration and stop measurement result reporting in case of recovered QoS or QoE detected, the UE 110 may transmit to the network device 180 an uplink command to inform the deactivation of the corresponding QoE measurement. In some embodiments, the uplink command may be transmitted via a lower layer signaling, e.g. a MAC CE. Alternatively or additionally, in some embodiments, the uplink command may be transmitted via a RRC message.
[0086] In some embodiments, the UE 110 may transmit to the network device 180, an uplink command indicating a preferred QoE reporting periodicity. Alternatively, or additionally, in some embodiments, the UE 110 may transmit to the network device 180, an uplink command indicating an ID of a preferred QoE measurement configuration. Alternatively, or additionally, in some embodiments, the UE 110 may transmit to the network device 180, an uplink command indicating a cause of failing to activate a QoE measurement configuration. For example, the uplink command may indicate the failure or rejection cause why a QoE ID related QoE measurement configuration cannot be activated. The uplink command may be transmitted via a lower layer signaling, e.g. a MAC CE.
[0087] In some embodiments, the network device 180 may transmit to the UE 110 a downlink command to deactivate one or more ongoing QoE measurements. Upon receiving the downlink command, the UE 110 is prohibited to activate the corresponding QoE measurement configuration (s) autonomously or send uplink command to request for activating the corresponding QoE measurement configuration (s) within a configured / predefined duration. The duration may be determined by a timer value, which can be either configured as part of the QoE measurement configuration or configured in the downlink command. The downlink command may be transmitted via a lower layer signaling, e.g. a MAC CE.
[0088] In some embodiments, the network device 180 may have a centralized unit (CU) and distributed unit (DU) splitting architecture. In this case, the network device 180 may transmit, from the CU to the DU, a message, e.g. a F1 message, to trigger the DU to transmit the command for activating or deactivating a QoE measurement configuration. The command for activating or deactivating may be transmitted via a lower layer signaling, e.g., a MAC CE.
[0089] In some embodiments, a QoE measurement configuration of the stored one or more QoE measurement configurations may comprise a set of QoE metrics, and the set of QoE metrics may comprise one or more QoE metrics which will be measured in case of activation. In some embodiments, when a QoE measurement configuration is activated, at least a part of the set of QoE metrics may be activated, which means not all the QoE metrics of the QoE measurement configuration need to be activated. The activation command may indicate the QoE metric (s) to be activated of the QoE measurement configuration. Alternatively, or additionally, in some embodiments, when a QoE measurement configuration is deactivated, at least a part of the activated QoE metrics may be deactivated, which means not all the activated QoE metrics of the QoE measurement configuration need to be deactivated. The command to deactivate the activated QoE measurement configuration may indicate the QoE metric (s) to be deactivated of the QoE measurement configuration.
[0090] In some embodiments, activation or deactivation of the QoE measurement configuration may comprise activation or deactivation of at least a part of the set of QoE metrics of the QoE measurement configuration.
[0091] In some embodiments, the network device 180 may transmit to the UE 110 an indication, e.g. the indication 184, to indicate whether the UE 110 is allowed to autonomously activate or deactivate one or more certain metrics of a stored QoE measurement configuration. Alternatively, or additionally, in some embodiments, whether one or more certain metrics of a stored QoE measurement configuration are allowed to be autonomously activated or deactivated by the UE 110 may be predefined in a standard.
[0092] In some embodiments, the network device 180 may transmit to the UE 110 a downlink command to indicate a timer to prohibit the UE 110 from activating or requesting to activate a QoE measurement configuration when the timer is running. Thus, frequent uplink command via, e.g. a MAC CE, from the UE 110 can be avoided. Alternatively, or additionally, in some embodiments, the network device 180 may transmit to the UE 110 a downlink command to indicate a QoE reporting periodicity. The downlink command can indicate one new QoE reporting periodicity to replace previous stored periodicity in the UE 110. Alternatively, or additionally, in some embodiments, the network device 180 may transmit to the UE 110 a downlink command to indicate a priority for performing the pre-stored QoE measurement configurations. Thus, the network device 180 can control the performing order of stored QoE measurement configurations in the UE 110. Alternatively, or additionally, in some embodiments, the network device 180 may transmit to the UE 110 a downlink command to indicate one or more QoE metrics to be activated or deactivated. For example, the downlink command can indicate one or a group of certain QoE metrics of a stored QoE measurement configuration to be activated or deactivated. The downlink command may be transmitted via a lower layer signaling, e.g., a MAC CE.
[0093] The solutions according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure separates QoE measurement configuration and measurement activation / deactivation in RAN side and UE side, and use low layer control command, e.g., MAC CE, to activate / deactivate QoE measurement configuration in UE side.
[0094] Moreover, according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure, the network can use low layer control command to activate / deactivate at least a part of the full set of RV-QoE metrics configured to the UE, for example, certain metric (s) can be measured and reported, which can achieve dynamically controlling RV-QoE measurement in a fast and efficient manner.
[0095] The solutions according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure can benefit time-critical QoE measurement, e.g. RV-QoE measurement, and can also benefit other network configured QoE measurement (s) in 5G, 6G and future RATs. Using lower layer command to control activation / deactivation of QoE measurement configuration can benefit time-critical QoE measurement, which can achieve fast and flexible network controlled QoE measurement activation / deactivation.
[0096] FIG. 2 shows a flow chart illustrating an example method 200 for QoE measurement according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure. The example method 200 may be performed for example by a terminal device such as the UE 110 above mentioned.
[0097] Referring to the FIG. 2, the example method 200 may comprise: an operation 210 of receiving, at a first layer of the terminal device from a network, one or more QoE measurement configurations, indexed by one or more QoE IDs and associated with one or more service types; an operation 220 of receiving, a control command from the network to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; an operation 230 of according to the control command, storing the one or more QoE measurement configurations at the first layer or a second layer of the terminal device; and an operation 240 of according to a first activation command received or a degradation of service quality detected, performing one of: activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; or transmitting to the network, a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0098] In some embodiments, the example method 200 may comprise: based on detecting the degradation of service quality, activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0099] In some embodiments, the degradation of service quality may be detected based on one of: receiving, from the network, the first activation command with the QoE ID of at lesat one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type; detecting the degradation of QoS by the first layer; or receiving a second indication of degraded QoE from the second layer.
[0100] In some embodiments, the first activation command may be received via a lower layer signaling.
[0101] In some embodiments, the first activation command may be comprised in a MAC CE.
[0102] In some embodiments, the activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations may comprise: transmitting, from the first layer to the second layer, a second activation command.
[0103] In some embodiments, the one or more QoE measurement configurations may be stored at the second layer; and the second activation command may comprise the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0104] In some embodiments, the one or more QoE measurement configurations may be stored at the first layer; and the second activation command may comprise the at least one QoE measurement configuration corresponding to the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0105] In some embodiments, the example method 200 may comprise: determining to activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations based on a mapping relationship between levels of the degradation of QoS or QoE and a corresponding QoE measurement configuration to be activated.
[0106] In some embodiments, the example method 200 may comprise: transmitting, from the first layer to the network, information on the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0107] In some embodiments, the example method 200 may comprise: receiving, at the first layer of the terminal device from the network, a first indication indicating the terminal device is allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0108] In some embodiments, the example method 200 may comprise: based on detecting the degradation of service quality of a service type, transmitting to the network, a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; receiving from the network, the first activation command with the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type in response to the request; and activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0109] In some embodiments, the degradation of service quality may be detected based on one of: detecting the degradation of QoS by the first layer; or receiving a second indication of degraded QoE from the second layer.
[0110] In some embodiments, the example method 200 may comprise: receiving, from the network, the first activation command with the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with a service type; and activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0111] In some embodiments, the first activation command or the request may be received via a lower layer signaling.
[0112] In some embodiments, the first activation command or the request may be comprised in a MAC CE.
[0113] In some embodiments, the activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations may comprise: transmitting, from the first layer to the second layer, a second activation command.
[0114] In some embodiments, the one or more QoE measurement configurations may be stored at the second layer of the terminal device; and the second activation command may comprise the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0115] In some embodiments, the one or more QoE measurement configurations may be stored at the first layer of the terminal device; and the second activation command may comprise the at least one QoE measurement configuration corresponding to the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0116] In some embodiments, the example method 200 may comprise: receiving, at the first layer of the terminal device from the network, a first indication indicating the terminal device is not allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0117] In some embodiments, the example method 200 may comprise: deactivating the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations, in case of recovery of QoS or QoE.
[0118] In some embodiments, a QoE measurement configuration of the one or more QoE measurement configurations may comprise a set of QoE metrics, and activation or deactivation of the QoE measurement configuration may comprise activation or deactivation of at least a part of the set of QoE metrics of the QoE measurement configuration.
[0119] In some embodiments, the example method 200 may comprise: transmitting to the network, an uplink command indicating at least one of the following: a preferred QoE reporting periodicity, an ID of a preferred QoE measurement configuration, or a cause of failing to activate a QoE measurement configuration.
[0120] In some embodiments, the first layer may be an access stratum, and the second layer may be an application layer.
[0121] FIG. 3 shows a flow chart illustrating an example method 300 for QoE measurement according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure. The example method 300 may be performed for example by a network device such as the network device 180 above mentioned.
[0122] Referring to the FIG. 3, the example method 300 may comprise: an operation 310 of transmitting to a terminal device, one or more QoE measurement configurations indexed by ID and associated with one or more service types, for the terminal device to store; an operation 320 of transmitting to the terminal device, a control command to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; and an operation 330 of performing one of: receiving from the terminal device, information on an activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; or transmitting to the terminal device, an activation command with QoE ID, for the terminal device to activate at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID.
[0123] In some embodiments, the example method 300 may comprise: transmitting to the terminal device, an indication indicating the terminal device is allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; and receiving from the terminal device, the information on the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0124] In some embodiments, the example method 300 may comprise: transmitting to the terminal device, an indication indicating the terminal device is not allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; and receiving from the terminal device, a request for activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0125] In some embodiments, the example method 300 may comprise: transmitting to the terminal device, a deactivation command for the terminal device to deactivate the activated at least one of QoE measurement configurations.
[0126] FIG. 4 shows a block diagram illustrating an example device 400 for QoE measurement according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure. The example device 400, for example, may be at least part of a terminal device such as the UE 110 in the above examples.
[0127] As shown in the FIG. 4, the example device 400 may include at least one processor 410 and at least one memory 420 that may store instructions 430. The instructions 430, when executed by the at least one processor 410, may cause the device 400 at least to perform the example method 200 described above.
[0128] In various example embodiments, the at least one processor 410 in the example device 400 may include, but not limited to, at least one hardware processor, including at least one microprocessor such as a central processing unit (CPU) , a portion of at least one hardware processor, and any other suitable dedicated processor such as those developed based on for example Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) . Further, the at least one processor 410 may also include at least one other circuitry or element not shown in the FIG. 4.
[0129] In various example embodiments, the at least one memory 420 in the example device 400 may include at least one storage medium in various forms, such as a volatile memory and / or a non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, but not limited to, for example, a random-access memory (RAM) , a cache, and so on. The non-volatile memory may include, but not limited to, for example, a read only memory (ROM) , a hard disk, a flash memory, and so on. Further, the at least memory 420 may include, but are not limited to, an electric, a magnetic, an optical, an electromagnetic, an infrared, or a semiconductor system, apparatus, or device or any combination of the above. The volatile memory and the non-volatile memory may be non-transitory memory.
[0130] Further, in various example embodiments, the example device 400 may also include at least one other circuitry, element, and interface, for example at least one I / O interface, at least one antenna element, and the like.
[0131] In various example embodiments, the circuitries, parts, elements, and interfaces in the example device 400, including the at least one processor 410 and the at least one memory 420, may be coupled together via any suitable connections including, but not limited to, buses, crossbars, wiring and / or wireless lines, in any suitable ways, for example electrically, magnetically, optically, electromagnetically, and the like.
[0132] It is understood that the structure of the device on the side of the UE 110 is not limited to the above example device 400.
[0133] FIG. 5 shows a block diagram illustrating an example device 500 for QoE measurement according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure. The example device 500, for example, may be at least part of a network device such as the network device 180 in the above examples.
[0134] As shown in the FIG. 5, the example device 500 may include at least one processor 510 and at least one memory 520 that may store instructions 530. The instructions 530, when executed by the at least one processor 510, may cause the device 500 at least to perform the example method 300 described above.
[0135] In various example embodiments, the at least one processor 510 in the example device 500 may include, but not limited to, at least one hardware processor, including at least one microprocessor such as a central processing unit (CPU) , a portion of at least one hardware processor, and any other suitable dedicated processor such as those developed based on for example Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) . Further, the at least one processor 510 may also include at least one other circuitry or element not shown in the FIG. 5.
[0136] In various example embodiments, the at least one memory 520 in the example device 500 may include at least one storage medium in various forms, such as a volatile memory and / or a non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, but not limited to, for example, a random-access memory (RAM) , a cache, and so on. The non-volatile memory may include, but not limited to, for example, a read only memory (ROM) , a hard disk, a flash memory, and so on. Further, the at least memory 520 may include, but are not limited to, an electric, a magnetic, an optical, an electromagnetic, an infrared, or a semiconductor system, apparatus, or device or any combination of the above. The volatile memory and the non-volatile memory may be non-transitory memory.
[0137] Further, in various example embodiments, the example device 500 may also include at least one other circuitry, element, and interface, for example at least one I / O interface, at least one antenna element, and the like.
[0138] In various example embodiments, the circuitries, parts, elements, and interfaces in the example device 500, including the at least one processor 510 and the at least one memory 520, may be coupled together via any suitable connections including, but not limited to, buses, crossbars, wiring and / or wireless lines, in any suitable ways, for example electrically, magnetically, optically, electromagnetically, and the like.
[0139] It is understood that the structure of the device on the side of the network device is not limited to the above example device 500.
[0140] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram illustrating an example apparatus 600 for QoE measurement according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure. The apparatus, for example, may be at least part of a terminal device such as the UE 110 in the above examples.
[0141] As shown in the FIG. 6, the example apparatus 600 may comprise: means 610 for receiving, at a first layer of the terminal device from a network, one or more QoE measurement configurations, indexed by one or more QoE IDs and associated with one or more service types; means 620 for receiving, a control command from the network to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; means 630 for according to the control command, storing the one or more QoE measurement configurations at the first layer or a second layer of the terminal device; and means 640 for according to a first activation command received or a degradation of service quality detected, performing one of: activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; or transmitting to the network, a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0142] In some embodiments, the example apparatus 600 may comprise: means for based on detecting the degradation of service quality, activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0143] In some embodiments, the degradation of service quality may be detected based on one of: receiving, from the network, the first activation command with the QoE ID of at lesat one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type; detecting the degradation of QoS by the first layer; or receiving a second indication of degraded QoE from the second layer.
[0144] In some embodiments, the first activation command may be received via a lower layer signaling.
[0145] In some embodiments, the first activation command may be comprised in a MAC CE.
[0146] In some embodiments, the activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations may comprise: transmitting, from the first layer to the second layer, a second activation command.
[0147] In some embodiments, the one or more QoE measurement configurations may be stored at the second layer; and the second activation command may comprise the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0148] In some embodiments, the one or more QoE measurement configurations may be stored at the first layer; and the second activation command may comprise the at least one QoE measurement configuration corresponding to the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0149] In some embodiments, the example apparatus 600 may comprise: means for determining to activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations based on a mapping relationship between levels of the degradation of QoS or QoE and a corresponding QoE measurement configuration to be activated.
[0150] In some embodiments, the example apparatus 600 may comprise: means for transmitting, from the first layer to the network, information on the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0151] In some embodiments, the example apparatus 600 may comprise: means for receiving, at the first layer of the terminal device from the network, a first indication indicating the terminal device is allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0152] In some embodiments, the example apparatus 600 may comprise: means for based on detecting the degradation of service quality of a service type, transmitting to the network, a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; means for receiving from the network, the first activation command with the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type in response to the request; and means for activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0153] In some embodiments, the degradation of service quality may be detected based on one of: detecting the degradation of QoS by the first layer; or receiving a second indication of degraded QoE from the second layer.
[0154] In some embodiments, the example apparatus 600 may comprise: means for receiving, from the network, the first activation command with the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with a service type; and means for activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0155] In some embodiments, the first activation command or the request may be received via a lower layer signaling.
[0156] In some embodiments, the first activation command or the request may be comprised in a MAC CE.
[0157] In some embodiments, the activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations may comprise: transmitting, from the first layer to the second layer, a second activation command.
[0158] In some embodiments, the one or more QoE measurement configurations may be stored at the second layer of the terminal device; and the second activation command may comprise the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0159] In some embodiments, the one or more QoE measurement configurations may be stored at the first layer of the terminal device; and the second activation command may comprise the at least one QoE measurement configuration corresponding to the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0160] In some embodiments, the example apparatus 600 may comprise: means for receiving, at the first layer of the terminal device from the network, a first indication indicating the terminal device is not allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0161] In some embodiments, the example apparatus 600 may comprise: means for deactivating the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations, in case of recovery of QoS or QoE.
[0162] In some embodiments, a QoE measurement configuration of the one or more QoE measurement configurations may comprise a set of QoE metrics, and activation or deactivation of the QoE measurement configuration may comprise activation or deactivation of at least a part of the set of QoE metrics of the QoE measurement configuration.
[0163] In some embodiments, the example apparatus 600 may comprise: means for transmitting to the network, an uplink command indicating at least one of the following: a preferred QoE reporting periodicity, an ID of a preferred QoE measurement configuration, or a cause of failing to activate a QoE measurement configuration.
[0164] In some embodiments, the first layer may be an access stratum, and the second layer may be an application layer.
[0165] In some example embodiments, examples of means in the example apparatus 600 may include circuitries. For example, an example of means 610 may include a circuitry configured to perform the operation 210 of the example method 200, an example of means 620 may include a circuitry configured to perform the operation 220 of the example method 200, an example of means 630 may include a circuitry configured to perform the operation 230 of the example method 200, and an example of means 640 may include a circuitry configured to perform the operation 240 of the example method 200.
[0166] The example apparatus 600 may further include means comprising circuitry configured to perform the example method 200. In some example embodiments, examples of means may also include software modules and any other suitable function entities.
[0167] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram illustrating an example apparatus 700 for QoE measurement according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure. The apparatus, for example, may be at least part of a network device such as the network device 180 in the above examples.
[0168] As shown in the FIG. 7, the example apparatus 700 may comprise: means 710 for transmitting to a terminal device, one or more QoE measurement configurations indexed by ID and associated with one or more service types, for the terminal device to store; means 720 for transmitting to the terminal device, a control command to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; and means 730 for performing one of: receiving from the terminal device, information on an activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; or transmitting to the terminal device, an activation command with QoE ID, for the terminal device to activate at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID.
[0169] In some embodiments, the example apparatus 700 may comprise: means for transmitting to the terminal device, an indication indicating the terminal device is allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; and means for receiving from the terminal device, the information on the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0170] In some embodiments, the example apparatus 700 may comprise: means for transmitting to the terminal device, an indication indicating the terminal device is not allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; and means for receiving from the terminal device, a request for activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0171] In some embodiments, the example apparatus 700 may comprise: means for transmitting to the terminal device, a deactivation command for the terminal device to deactivate the activated at least one of QoE measurement configurations.
[0172] In some example embodiments, examples of means in the example apparatus 700 may include circuitries. For example, an example of means 710 may include a circuitry configured to perform the operation 310 of the example method 300, an example of means 720 may include a circuitry configured to perform the operation 320 of the example method 300, and an example of means 730 may include a circuitry configured to perform the operation 330 of the example method 300.
[0173] The example apparatus 700 may further include means comprising circuitry configured to perform the example method 300. In some example embodiments, examples of means may also include software modules and any other suitable function entities.
[0174] The example embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by a terminal device such as the UE 110 in the above examples, may cause the terminal device at least to: receive, at a first layer of the terminal device from a network, one or more QoE measurement configurations, indexed by one or more QoE IDs and associated with one or more service types; receive, a control command from the network to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; according to the control command, store the one or more QoE measurement configurations at the first layer or a second layer of the terminal device; and according to a first activation command received or a degradation of service quality detected, perform one of: activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; or transmitting to the network, a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0175] In some embodiments, the computer readable medium may include instructions that, when executed by the terminal device, may cause the terminal device to: based on detecting the degradation of service quality, activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0176] In some embodiments, the degradation of service quality may be detected based on one of: receiving, from the network, the first activation command with the QoE ID of at lesat one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type; detecting the degradation of QoS by the first layer; or receiving a second indication of degraded QoE from the second layer.
[0177] In some embodiments, the first activation command may be received via a lower layer signaling.
[0178] In some embodiments, the first activation command may be comprised in a MAC CE.
[0179] In some embodiments, the activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations may comprise: transmitting, from the first layer to the second layer, a second activation command.
[0180] In some embodiments, the one or more QoE measurement configurations may be stored at the second layer; and the second activation command may comprise the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0181] In some embodiments, the one or more QoE measurement configurations may be stored at the first layer; and the second activation command may comprise the at least one QoE measurement configuration corresponding to the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0182] In some embodiments, the computer readable medium may include instructions that, when executed by the terminal device, may cause the terminal device to: determine to activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations based on a mapping relationship between levels of the degradation of QoS or QoE and a corresponding QoE measurement configuration to be activated.
[0183] In some embodiments, the computer readable medium may include instructions that, when executed by the terminal device, may cause the terminal device to: transmit, from the first layer to the network, information on the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0184] In some embodiments, the computer readable medium may include instructions that, when executed by the terminal device, may cause the terminal device to: receive, at the first layer of the terminal device from the network, a first indication indicating the terminal device is allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0185] In some embodiments, the computer readable medium may include instructions that, when executed by the terminal device, may cause the terminal device to: based on detecting the degradation of service quality of a service type, transmit to the network, a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; receive from the network, the first activation command with the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type in response to the request; and activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0186] In some embodiments, the degradation of service quality may be detected based on one of: detecting the degradation of QoS by the first layer; or receiving a second indication of degraded QoE from the second layer.
[0187] In some embodiments, the computer readable medium may include instructions that, when executed by the terminal device, may cause the terminal device to: receive, from the network, the first activation command with the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with a service type; and activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0188] In some embodiments, the first activation command or the request may be received via a lower layer signaling.
[0189] In some embodiments, the first activation command or the request may be comprised in a MAC CE.
[0190] In some embodiments, the activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations may comprise: transmitting, from the first layer to the second layer, a second activation command.
[0191] In some embodiments, the one or more QoE measurement configurations may be stored at the second layer of the terminal device; and the second activation command may comprise the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0192] In some embodiments, the one or more QoE measurement configurations may be stored at the first layer of the terminal device; and the second activation command may comprise the at least one QoE measurement configuration corresponding to the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.
[0193] In some embodiments, the computer readable medium may include instructions that, when executed by the terminal device, may cause the terminal device to: receive, at the first layer of the terminal device from the network, a first indication indicating the terminal device is not allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0194] In some embodiments, the computer readable medium may include instructions that, when executed by the terminal device, may cause the terminal device to: deactivate the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations, in case of recovery of QoS or QoE.
[0195] In some embodiments, a QoE measurement configuration of the one or more QoE measurement configurations may comprise a set of QoE metrics, and activation or deactivation of the QoE measurement configuration may comprise activation or deactivation of at least a part of the set of QoE metrics of the QoE measurement configuration.
[0196] In some embodiments, the computer readable medium may include instructions that, when executed by the terminal device, may cause the terminal device to: transmit to the network, an uplink command indicating at least one of the following: a preferred QoE reporting periodicity, an ID of a preferred QoE measurement configuration, or a cause of failing to activate a QoE measurement configuration.
[0197] In some embodiments, the first layer may be an access stratum, and the second layer may be an application layer.
[0198] The example embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by a network device such as the network device 180 in the above examples, may cause the network device at least to: transmit to a terminal device, one or more QoE measurement configurations indexed by ID and associated with one or more service types, for the terminal device to store; transmit to the terminal device, a control command to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; and perform one of: receiving from the terminal device, information on an activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; or transmitting to the terminal device, an activation command with QoE ID, for the terminal device to activate at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID.
[0199] In some embodiments, the computer readable medium may include instructions that, when executed by the network device, may cause the network device to: transmit to the terminal device, an indication indicating the terminal device is allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; and receive from the terminal device, the information on the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0200] In some embodiments, the computer readable medium may include instructions that, when executed by the network device, may cause the network device to: transmit to the terminal device, an indication indicating the terminal device is not allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; and receive from the terminal device, a request for activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.
[0201] In some embodiments, the computer readable medium may include instructions that, when executed by the network device, may cause the network device to: transmit to the terminal device, a deactivation command for the terminal device to deactivate the activated at least one of QoE measurement configurations.
[0202] The computer readable medium according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure may be a non-transitory computer readable medium.
[0203] An example embodiment may relate to computer program codes or instructions which may cause an apparatus to perform at least respective methods described above. An example embodiment may be related to a computer readable medium having such computer program codes or instructions stored thereon. In some embodiments, such a computer readable medium may include at least one storage medium in various forms such as a non-transitory memory. The non-transitory memory may include, but not limited to, for example, a RAM, a cache, a ROM, a hard disk, a flash memory, and so on. The non-transitory memory may include, but are not limited to, an electric, a magnetic, an optical, an electromagnetic, an infrared, or a semiconductor system, apparatus, or device or any combination of the above. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0204] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise, ” “comprising, ” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to. ” The word “coupled” , as generally used herein, refers to two or more elements that may be either directly connected, or connected by way of one or more intermediate elements. Likewise, the word “connected” , as generally used herein, refers to two or more elements that may be either directly connected, or connected by way of one or more intermediate elements. Additionally, the words “herein, ” “above, ” “below, ” and words of similar import, when used in this application, shall refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. Where the context permits, words in the description using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number respectively. The word “or” in reference to a list of two or more items, that word covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.
[0205] Moreover, conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can, ” “could, ” “might, ” “may, ” “e.g., ” “for example, ” “such as” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and / or states. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and / or states are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting, whether these features, elements and / or states are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment.
[0206] As used herein, the term "determine / determining" (and grammatical variants thereof) can include, not least: calculating, computing, processing, deriving, measuring, investigating, looking up (for example, looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, "determining" can include receiving (for example, receiving information) , accessing (for example, accessing data in a memory) , obtaining and the like. Also, "determine / determining" can include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and the like.
[0207] While some embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Indeed, the apparatus, methods, and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. For example, while blocks are presented in a given arrangement, alternative embodiments may perform similar functionalities with different components and / or circuit topologies, and some blocks may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and / or modified. At least one of these blocks may be implemented in a variety of different ways. The order of these blocks may also be changed. Any suitable combination of the elements and actions of the some embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosure.
[0208] Abbreviations used in the description and / or in the figures are defined as follows: 5G fifth generation of mobile communication system 6G sixth generation of mobile communication system AL application layer AS access stratum AT attention B5G beyond fifth generation of mobile communication system BS base station CU centralized unit DU distributed unit gNB next Generation Node B ID identifier IE information element KPI key performance indicator MBS multicast / broadcast service NR new radio Q&M operation and management OAM orchestration and management QoE quality of experience QoS quality of service QMC QoE measurement and collection RAN radio access network RV-QoE RAN visible QoE RRC radio resource control UE user equipment XR extended reality
Claims
1.A terminal device, comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device a t least to:receive, at a first layer of the terminal device from a network, one or more quality of experience, QoE, measurement configurations, indexed by one or more QoE identifiers, IDs, and associated with one or more service types;receive, a control command from the network to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement;according to the control command, store the one or more QoE measurement configurations at the first layer or a second layer of the terminal device; andaccording to a first activation command received or a degradation of service quality detected, perform one of:activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; ortransmitting to the network, a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is configured to:based on detecting the degradation of service quality, activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.3.The terminal device of claim 2, wherein the degradation of service quality is detected based on one of:receiving, from the network, the first activation command with the QoE ID of at lesat one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type;detecting the degradation of quality of service, QoS, by the first layer; orreceiving a second indication of degraded QoE from the second layer.4.The terminal device of claim 3, wherein the first activation command is received via a lower layer signaling.5.The terminal device of claim 4, wherein the first activation command is comprised in a medium access control, MAC, control element, MAC CE.6.The terminal device of any of the claims 2 to 5, wherein the activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations comprises:transmitting, from the first layer to the second layer, a second activation command.7.The terminal device of claim 6, wherein the one or more QoE measurement configurations are stored at the second layer; and wherein the second activation command comprises the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.8.The terminal device of claim 6, wherein the one or more QoE measurement configurations are stored at the first layer; and wherein the second activation command comprises the at least one QoE measurement configuration corresponding to the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.9.The terminal device of any of the claims 2 to 8, wherein the terminal device is configured to:determine to activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations based on a mapping relationship between levels of the degradation of QoS or QoE and a corresponding QoE measurement configuration to be activated.10.The terminal device of any of the claims 2 to 8, wherein the terminal device is configured to:transmit, from the first layer to the network, information on the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.11.The terminal device of any of the claims 2 to 10, wherein the terminal device is configured to:receive, at the first layer of the terminal device from the network, a first indication indicating the terminal device is allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.12.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is configured to:based on detecting the degradation of service quality of a service type, transmit to the network, a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations;receive from the network, the first activation command with the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type in response to the request; andactivate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.13.The terminal device of claim 12, wherein the degradation of service quality is detected based on one of:detecting the degradation of QoS by the first layer; orreceiving a second indication of degraded QoE from the second layer.14.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is configured to:receive, from the network, the first activation command with the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with a service type; andactivate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.15.The terminal device of any of claims 12 to 14, wherein the first activation command or the request is received via a lower layer signaling.16.The terminal device of claim 15, wherein the first activation command or the request is comprised in a MAC CE.17.The terminal device of any of the claims 12 to 16, wherein the activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations comprises:transmitting, from the first layer to the second layer, a second activation command.18.The terminal device of claim 17, wherein the one or more QoE measurement configurations are stored at the second layer of the terminal device; and wherein the second activation command comprises the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.19.The terminal device of claim 17, wherein the one or more QoE measurement configurations are stored at the first layer of the terminal device; and wherein the second activation command comprises the at least one QoE measurement configuration corresponding to the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.20.The terminal device of any of the claims 12 to 19, wherein the terminal device is configured to:receive, at the first layer of the terminal device from the network, a first indication indicating the terminal device is not allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.21.The terminal device of any of claims 2 to 20, wherein the terminal device is configured to:deactivate the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations, in case of recovery of QoS or QoE.22.The terminal device of any of claims 2 to 21, wherein a QoE measurement configuration of the one or more QoE measurement configurations comprises a set of QoE metrics,and wherein activation or deactivation of the QoE measurement configuration comprises activation or deactivation of at least a part of the set of QoE metrics of the QoE measurement configuration.23.The terminal device of any of claims 1 to 22, wherein the terminal device is configured to:transmit to the network, an uplink command indicating at least one of the following:a preferred QoE reporting periodicity,an ID of a preferred QoE measurement configuration, ora cause of failing to activate a QoE measurement configuration.24.The terminal device of any of claims 1 to 23, wherein the first layer is an access stratum, and the second layer is an application layer.25.A network device, comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device at least to:transmit to a terminal device, one or more quality of experience, QoE, measurement configurations indexed by identifiers, IDs, and associated with one or more service types, for the terminal device to store;transmit to the terminal device, a control command to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; andperform one of:receiving from the terminal device, information on an activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; ortransmitting to the terminal device, an activation command with QoE ID, for the terminal device to activate at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID.26.The network device of claim 25, wherein the network device is configured to:transmit to the terminal device, an indication indicating the terminal device is allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; andreceive from the terminal device, the information on the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.27.The network device of claim 25, wherein the network device is configured to:transmit to the terminal device, an indication indicating the terminal device is not allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; andreceive from the terminal device, a request for activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.28.The network device of any of claims 25 to 27, wherein the network device is configured to:transmit to the terminal device, a deactivation command for the terminal device to deactivate the activated at least one of QoE measurement configurations.29.A method performed by a terminal device, comprising:receiving, at a first layer of the terminal device from a network, one or more quality of experience, QoE, measurement configurations, indexed by one or more QoE identifiers, IDs, and associated with one or more service types;receiving, a control command from the network to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement;according to the control command, storing the one or more QoE measurement configurations at the first layer or a second layer of the terminal device; andaccording to a first activation command received or a degradation of service quality detected, performing one of:activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; ortransmitting to the network, a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.30.The method of claim 29, comprising:based on detecting the degradation of service quality, activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.31.The method of claim 30, wherein the degradation of service quality is detected based on one of:receiving, from the network, the first activation command with the QoE ID of at lesat one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type;detecting the degradation of quality of service, QoS, by the first layer; orreceiving a second indication of degraded QoE from the second layer.32.The method of claim 31, wherein the first activation command is received via a lower layer signaling.33.The method of claim 32, wherein the first activation command is comprised in a medium access control, MAC, control element, MAC CE.34.The method of any of the claims 30 to 33, wherein the activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations comprises:transmitting, from the first layer to the second layer, a second activation command.35.The method of claim 34, wherein the one or more QoE measurement configurations are stored at the second layer; and wherein the second activation command comprises the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.36.The method of claim 34, wherein the one or more QoE measurement configurations are stored at the first layer; and wherein the second activation command comprises the at least one QoE measurement configuration corresponding to the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.37.The method of any of the claims 30 to 36, comprising:determining to activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations based on a mapping relationship between levels of the degradation of QoS or QoE and a corresponding QoE measurement configuration to be activated.38.The method of any of the claims 30 to 36, comprising:transmitting, from the first layer to the network, information on the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.39.The method of any of the claims 30 to 38, comprising:receiving, at the first layer of the terminal device from the network, a first indication indicating the terminal device is allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.40.The method of claim 29, comprising:based on detecting the degradation of service quality of a service type, transmitting to the network, a request for activating at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations;receiving from the network, the first activation command with the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type in response to the request; andactivating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.41.The method of claim 40, wherein the degradation of service quality is detected based on one of:detecting the degradation of QoS by the first layer; orreceiving a second indication of degraded QoE from the second layer.42.The method of claim 29, comprising:receiving, from the network, the first activation command with the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with a service type; andactivating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.43.The method of any of claims 40 to 42, wherein the first activation command or the request is received via a lower layer signaling.44.The method of claim 43, wherein the first activation command or the request is comprised in a MAC CE.45.The method of any of the claims 40 to 44, wherein the activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations comprises:transmitting, from the first layer to the second layer, a second activation command.46.The method of claim 45, wherein the one or more QoE measurement configurations are stored at the second layer of the terminal device; and wherein the second activation command comprises the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.47.The method of claim 45, wherein the one or more QoE measurement configurations are stored at the first layer of the terminal device; and wherein the second activation command comprises the at least one QoE measurement configuration corresponding to the QoE ID of the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations associated with the service type.48.The method of any of the claims 40 to 47, comprising:receiving, at the first layer of the terminal device from the network, a first indication indicating the terminal device is not allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.49.The method of any of claims 30 to 48, comprising:deactivating the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations, in case of recovery of QoS or QoE.50.The method of any of claims 30 to 49, wherein a QoE measurement configuration of the one or more QoE measurement configurations comprises a set of QoE metrics,and wherein activation or deactivation of the QoE measurement configuration comprises activation or deactivation of at least a part of the set of QoE metrics of the QoE measurement configuration.51.The method of any of claims 29 to 50, comprising:transmitting to the network, an uplink command indicating at least one of the following:a preferred QoE reporting periodicity,an ID of a preferred QoE measurement configuration, ora cause of failing to activate a QoE measurement configuration.52.The method of any of claims 29 to 51, wherein the first layer is an access stratum, and the second layer is an application layer.53.A method performed by a network device, comprising:transmitting to a terminal device, one or more quality of experience, QoE, measurement configurations indexed by identifiers, IDs, and associated with one or more service types, for the terminal device to store;transmitting to the terminal device, a control command to indicate the received one or more QoE measurement configurations shall be stored in the terminal device without activation to perform QoE measurement; andperforming one of:receiving from the terminal device, information on an activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; ortransmitting to the terminal device, an activation command with QoE ID, for the terminal device to activate at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations indicated by the QoE ID.54.The method of claim 53, comprising:transmitting to the terminal device, an indication indicating the terminal device is allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; andreceiving from the terminal device, the information on the activated at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.55.The method of claim 53, comprising:transmitting to the terminal device, an indication indicating the terminal device is not allowed to autonomously activate the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations; andreceiving from the terminal device, a request for activating the at least one of the stored QoE measurement configurations.56.The method of any of claims 53 to 55, comprising:transmitting to the terminal device, a deactivation command for the terminal device to deactivate the activated at least one of QoE measurement configurations.57.An apparatus for a terminal device, comprising means for performing the method of any of claims 29 to 52.58.An apparatus for a network device, comprising means for performing the method of any of claims 53 to 56.59.A computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by a terminal device, cause the terminal device to at least perform the method of any of claims 29 to 52.60.A computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by a network device, cause the network device to at least perform the method of any of claims 53 to 56.