Methods and apparatuses for near field estimation
The subarray-based MRC scheme addresses near field challenges in XL-MIMO by partitioning antenna arrays into subarrays for efficient near field estimation, reducing complexity and overhead in channel measurement and feedback, thus enhancing communication performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LENOVO (BEIJING) LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-25
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems, particularly those utilizing extremely large-scale MIMO (XL-MIMO) in 6G networks, face challenges in designing channel models and transceiver architectures due to near field effects, which are not adequately addressed by traditional massive MIMO designs based on planar wave assumptions.
A subarray-based MRC scheme is employed, where a large antenna array is partitioned into subarrays, and near field estimation is performed by configuring resources for channel measurement using DL RS, allowing for efficient determination of the minimum number of subarrays required to mitigate near field effects, thereby simplifying channel estimation and reducing overhead.
This approach reduces computational complexity and overhead in channel measurement and feedback, enabling effective near field estimation and improving communication performance in XL-MIMO systems.
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Figure CN2025116148_25062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR NEAR FIELD ESTIMATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to methods and apparatuses for near field estimation.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .SUMMARY
[0003] An article "a" before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to "at least one" of those elements or "one or more" of those elements. The terms "a, " "at least one, " "one or more, " and "at least one of one or more" may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of" or "one or both of" ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase "based on" shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as "based on condition A" may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on. " Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a "set" may include one or more elements.
[0004] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may include a UE for wireless communication, which may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to: receive a channel state information (CSI) report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates the UE to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array of a network equipment (NE) is partitioned into for transmission to the UE; receive at least one downlink (DL) reference signal (RS) on the at least one resource for channel measurement; and transmit a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number which is determined based on the at least one DL RS.
[0005] In some implementations of the UE described herein, the at least one resource for channel measurement includes a first resource with ports mapping to a first one-dimensional array.
[0006] In some implementations of the UE described herein, the at least one subarray number includes a subarray number associated with the first one-dimensional array.
[0007] In some implementations of the UE described herein, all the ports of the first resource use a same single polarization.
[0008] In some implementations of the UE described herein, the at least one resource for channel measurement further includes a second resource with ports mapping to a second one-dimensional array.
[0009] In some implementations of the UE described herein, the at least one subarray number includes: a first subarray number associated with the first one-dimensional array; and a second subarray number associated with the second one-dimensional array.
[0010] In some implementations of the UE described herein, the first one-dimensional array is orthogonal to the second one-dimensional array.
[0011] In some implementations of the UE described herein, all the ports of the first resource use a same single polarization, and all the ports of the second resource use a same single polarization.
[0012] In some implementations of the UE described herein, each of the at least one subarray number is associated with a respective dimension of the antenna array, and the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to: receive at least one set of candidate subarray numbers for the at least one subarray number, wherein each set of candidate subarray numbers corresponds to a respective dimension of the antenna array.
[0013] In some implementations of the UE described herein, the at least one set of candidate subarray numbers is received via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
[0014] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include an NE for wireless communication, which may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the NE to: transmit a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates a UE to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array of the NE is partitioned into for transmission to the UE; transmit at least one DL RS on the at least one resource for channel measurement; and receive a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number.
[0015] In some implementations of the NE described herein, the at least one resource for channel measurement includes a first resource with ports mapping to a first one-dimensional array.
[0016] In some implementations of the NE described herein, the at least one subarray number includes a subarray number associated with the first one-dimensional array.
[0017] In some implementations of the NE described herein, all the ports of the first resource use a same single polarization.
[0018] In some implementations of the NE described herein, the at least one resource for channel measurement further includes a second resource with ports mapping to a second one-dimensional array.
[0019] In some implementations of the NE described herein, the at least one subarray number includes: a first subarray number associated with the first one-dimensional array; and a second subarray number associated with the second one-dimensional array.
[0020] In some implementations of the NE described herein, the first one-dimensional array is orthogonal to the second one-dimensional array.
[0021] In some implementations of the NE described herein, all the ports of the first resource use a same single polarization, and all the ports of the second resource use a same single polarization.
[0022] In some implementations of the NE described herein, each of the at least one subarray number is associated with a respective dimension of the antenna array, and the at least one processor is further configured to cause the NE to transmit at least one set of candidate subarray numbers for the at least one subarray number, wherein each set of candidate subarray numbers corresponds to a respective dimension of the antenna array.
[0023] In some implementations of the NE described herein, the at least one set of candidate subarray numbers is transmitted via RRC signaling.
[0024] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a processor for wireless communication, which may include: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates the processor to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array of an NE is partitioned into for transmission to the processor; receive at least one DL RS on the at least one resource for channel measurement; and transmit a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number which is determined based on the at least one DL RS.
[0025] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a processor for wireless communication, which may include: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: transmit a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates a UE to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array is partitioned into for transmission to the UE; transmit at least one DL RS on the at least one resource for channel measurement; and receive a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number.
[0026] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a method performed by a UE. The method may include: receiving a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates the UE to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array of an NE is partitioned into for transmission to the UE; receiving at least one DL RS on the at least one resource for channel measurement; and transmitting a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number which is determined based on the at least one DL RS.
[0027] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a method performed by an NE. The method may include: transmitting a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates a UE to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array of the NE is partitioned into for transmission to the UE; transmitting at least one DL RS on the at least one resource for channel measurement; and receiving a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0028] In order to describe the manner in which advantages and features of the present disclosure can be obtained, a description of the present disclosure is rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended drawings. These drawings depict only example embodiments of the present disclosure and are not therefore to be considered limiting of its scope.
[0029] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] Figure 2 illustrates an example of hybrid beamforming architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0031] Figure 3 illustrates an example of one-dimensional array (s) to which ports of resource (s) for near field estimation are mapped in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0032] Figure 4 illustrates an example of a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0033] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0034] Figure 6 illustrates an example of an NE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0035] Figure 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method performed by a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0036] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method performed by an NE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] The detailed description of the appended drawings is intended as a description of embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to represent the only form in which the present disclosure may be practiced. It should be understood that the same or equivalent functions may be accomplished by different embodiments that are intended to be encompassed within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
[0038] While operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, persons skilled in the art will readily recognize that such operations need not be performed in the particular order as shown or in a sequential order, or that all illustrated operations need be performed, to achieve desirable results; sometimes one or more operations can be skipped. Further, the drawings can schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of a flow diagram. However, other operations that are not depicted can be incorporated in the example processes that are schematically illustrated. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the illustrated operations. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing can be advantageous.
[0039] Reference will now be made in detail to some embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. To facilitate understanding, embodiments are provided under specific network architecture and service scenarios, such as 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long-term evolution (LTE) and LTE advanced, 3GPP 5G new radio (NR) , 5G-Advanced, 6G, and so on. It is contemplated that along with developments of network architectures and new service scenarios, all embodiments in the present disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems; and moreover, the terminologies recited in the present disclosure may change, which should not affect the principle of the present disclosure.
[0040] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0041] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more NEs 102, one or more UEs 104, and a core network (CN) 106. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be an NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultrawideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0042] The one or more NEs 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the NEs 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a radio access network (RAN) , a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. An NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0043] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different NEs 102.
[0044] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.
[0045] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0046] An NE 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 may interface with other NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NEs 102 may communicate with each other indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106) . In some implementations, one or more NEs 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0047] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NEs 102 associated with the CN 106.
[0048] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via an NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106) .
[0049] In the wireless communications system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0050] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0051] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0052] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0053] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0054] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0055] Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been a fundamental part of the 4G or 5G system, and may continue to be an important part of 6G networks. Massive MIMO (also known as large-scale antenna systems and very large MIMO) is a MIMO technology where an NE may be equipped with a large number of antenna elements (for example, 64 –256 antenna elements) , which are used to perform transmissions that share the same time and frequency band and are separated in the spatial domain. Massive MIMO is one of the most critical technologies for 5G communications. With massive antenna arrays at the NE, massive MIMO can improve the spectral efficiency by orders of magnitude through beamforming or multiplexing. Herein, the terms "antenna elements" and "antennas" may be used interchangeably.
[0056] For 6G communications, extremely large-scale MIMO (XL-MIMO) , which is a MIMO technology where an NE may be equipped with a number of antennas much larger than that for massive MIMO, can effectively achieve 10-fold increases in spectral efficiency. On the other hand, benefiting from the rich spectrum resource at millimeter-wave (mmWave) band or terahertz (THz) band, high-frequency communications may provide largely available bandwidth. Meanwhile, the very small size of high-frequency antennas favorably enables the deployment of XL-MIMO with an extremely large number of antennas. Therefore, high-frequency XL-MIMO may be a key enabling technology for 6G communications.
[0057] As the size of the antenna array increases, the electromagnetic (EM) field begins to exhibit some near field properties. In particular, the Rayleigh distance (e.g., denoted as LR) , which defines the boundary between the near field and the far field, is calculated as follows: where D is the largest dimension of the antenna array, and λ is the wavelength.
[0058] In the scenario of XL-MIMO, as the value of D increases with the size of the antenna array, and the value of λ decreases as the frequency increases, the near field region, of which the area is positively correlated with LR, may increase significantly to include numerous UEs.
[0059] Because vacuum (or air) is a linear medium, the electric field of the near field EM wave radiated from an antenna array is the summation of the electric field radiated from all the antennas in the antenna array. Accordingly, a near field signal received from the antenna array can be calculated as a sum of the signals from all the antennas in the antenna array.
[0060] In the far field, the EM wave radiated from an antenna array can be treated as a combination of planar waves. As a result, the design of massive MIMO in 5G NR is based on the planar wave assumption. However, in the near field, the EM wave radiated from an antenna array cannot be treated as a combination of planar waves. Therefore, the design of massive MIMO in 5G NR may be inapplicable for XL-MIMO, and the use of XL-MIMO in 6G with near field requires new designs for channel model, transceiver architecture, channel estimation, transmission scheme, etc.
[0061] Hybrid beamforming is widely used in the mmWave system to reduce the hardware cost and simplify the system, and is supported in 5G NR system. Instead of driving each antenna port with a dedicated radio frequency (RF) chain (which may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) , digital-to-analog converter (DAC) , power amplifier (PA) , up / down converter, etc. ) , an RF chain is used to drive a subset of antenna elements in an antenna array.
[0062] Figure 2 illustrates an example of hybrid beamforming architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. This example includes both a transmitter side and a receiver side.
[0063] The hybrid beamforming architecture may include beamforming in both digital and analog domains. Specifically, digital weights are applied at each RF chain (e.g., through baseband digital precoding) , and at the antenna element level, a signal is adjusted by analog phase shifters (e.g., through RF analog precoding) , which only changes the phase of the signal. Thus, the precoding is done in two stages at the transmitter side. The corresponding combining operation is also done in two stages at the receiver side, e.g., RF analog combining and baseband digital combining.
[0064] In Figure 2, sharp beams formed with analog beamforming (e.g., by the phase shifters) compensate for the large path loss at mmWave bands, and digital beamforming provides the necessary flexibility to perform advanced multi-antenna techniques such as multi-beam MIMO.
[0065] In traditional beamforming, it is assumed that the UE is in the far field, and thus the same angle of departure (AOD) or the same angle of arrival (AOA) can be applied to the entire antenna array. Because in the far field, the EM wave can be considered as a planar wave (or a combination of planar waves) , the beamforming vector driving a subset or all of the antenna elements in the antenna array can be a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) vector steering towards the direction of the outgoing or incoming wave.
[0066] However, in the near field, the EM wave is no longer a planar wave (or a combination of planar waves) , the DFT vector used under the planar wave assumption may no longer apply.
[0067] The ideal way to transmit from an antenna array to a UE is maximal ratio combining (MRC) , in which the phases of all the antennas in the antenna array are fine tuned to well align at the UE for achieving a maximal signal strength. This may require the UE to estimate the phases for all the antennas and provide a proper feedback, which may be complicated and impractical. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a subarray-based MRC scheme (also referred to as a subarray-based DFT beamforming scheme) may be used to simplify system designs.
[0068] For example, a large antenna array (e.g., an antenna array for XL-MIMO) can be partitioned into multiple subarrays. For an antenna array partitioned into K subarrays, to implement the subarray-based MRC scheme, different beamforming vectors may be applied for different subarrays. For example, a beamforming vector, Vk, may be applied for subarray k, which may be a DFT-based beamforming vector as follows: wherein: ωk is an offset phase for subarray k with respect to a reference subarray (e.g., the center subarray) ; 2M+1 is a total number of antenna elements in subarray k; and φk is a DFT phase gradient in subarray k.
[0069] Vk is applied to the 2M+1 antenna elements in subarray k to direct a beam transmitted from subarray k to the direction of the UE or a reflector which reflects the beam to the UE. Because only the relative phase is important, the offset phase for subarray k, i.e., ωk, may be the relative phase (also referred to as phase offset) from the center antenna element of subarray k to the center antenna element of the entire antenna array in the subarray-based MRC scheme.
[0070] Theoretically, more subarrays would provide better results for eliminating the near field effect. However, as the number of subarrays increases, computation complexity would increase and more overhead would be incurred for channel measurement, CSI feedback, etc. Therefore, it is important to determine the minimum number of subarrays required in order not to incur larger CSI feedback than necessary.
[0071] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the UE may be configured with at least one resource for channel measure, and perform channel measurement based on at least one DL RS (e.g., CSI-RS) on the at least one resource to determine the minimum number of subarrays. The determination of the minimum number of subarrays may also be referred to as near field estimation, because the minimum number of subarrays being larger than one may indicate the presence of non-negligible near field effect (i.e., the UE is in the near field of the antenna array of the NE) .
[0072] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, it is assumed that the antenna array at an NE is a large antenna array (e.g., ELAA) , which may be partitioned into a number of subarrays, and the antenna array at a UE is of a regular size. It is contemplated that the described solutions may be applicable to a UE with a large antenna array (e.g., ELAA) without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
[0073] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the UE may receive a CSI report configuration indicating at least one resource for channel measurement. To indicate that the at least one resource is used for near field estimation, the CSI report configuration may further indicate at least one subarray number as a report quantity associated with the at least one resource. The at least one subarray number may represent the minimum number of subarrays that the antenna array of the NE is partitioned into for transmission to the UE.
[0074] For example, the CSI report configuration may be received via an RRC signaling including a CSI-ReportConfig information element. An example of the definition for the CSI-ReportConfig information element is provided below: CSI-ReportConfig information element
[0075] In the above example, one or two resources may be configured for the UE to perform near field estimation. The parameter "resourcesForChannelMeasurement" may indicate a first resource for near field estimation, and the parameter "resourcesForChannelMeasurement2" may indicate a second resource for near field estimation, which is optional. A new choice for the report quantity, i.e., "number-subarrays-for-near-field, " is introduced. When the report quantity is configured as "number-subarrays-for-near-field, " it indicates the UE to report at least one subarray number which represents the minimum number of subarrays that the antenna array of the NE is partitioned into for transmission to the UE. Definitions for the other parameters in the above example may be the same as those provided in 3GPP specifications. It is contemplated that the information element may include more or fewer parameters and names of the parameters in the information element may vary without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
[0076] In some embodiments, in the case that only one resource is configured for near field estimation, the report quantity "number-subarrays-for-near-field" is a single number; in the case that two resources are configured for near field estimation, the report quantity "number-subarrays-for-near-field" consists of two numbers, wherein the first number is associated with the first resource, and the second number is associated with the second resource. The report quantity "number-subarrays-for-near-field" can also be a parameter in a codebook for CSI report corresponding to a subset of codewords.
[0077] For a large antenna array with N1N2 antennas (e.g., N1 antennas in the X direction and N2 antennas in the Y direction) and dual-polarization for each antenna, a typical CSI-RS resource needs to have 2N1N2 ports. However, to determine whether the UE is in the near field of the antenna array of the NE, it is not necessary to transmit a DL RS with all the 2N1N2 ports. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, each of the at least one resource for channel measurement may be associated with a linear array, i.e., one-dimensional array. In other words, the DL RS transmitted on each resource is transmitted from the associated linear array, and all ports of each resource are mapped to the associated linear array. For example, because the near field effect depends on the physical size of the antenna array and can be different in the X and Y directions, the NE needs to transmit a DL RS from a linear array (e.g., N1 columns) in the X direction (i.e., a row of the antenna array) and / or a DL RS from a linear array (e.g., N2 rows) in the Y direction (i.e., a column of the antenna array) . Since the orientation of the linear array does not affect the near field estimation, the two linear arrays can be unified into a single linear array of size N. If antenna virtualization is used for hybrid beamforming, the ports of each resource are mapped to virtualized antenna ports, instead of physical antennas.
[0078] In some embodiments, the near field only needs to be estimated in one direction. For example, when the size of the antenna array is large in the X direction but small in the Y direction such that the near field effect in the Y direction is negligible, only one resource for channel measurement associated with a linear array in the X direction (e.g., the center row of the antenna array or another row) needs to be configured for near field estimation; when the size of the antenna array is large in the Y direction but small in the X direction such that the near field effect in the X direction is negligible, only one resource for channel measurement associated with a linear array in the Y direction (e.g., the center column of the antenna array or another column) needs to be configured for near field estimation. In such embodiments, the UE does not need to know whether the linear array associated with the resource configured for near field estimation is in the X direction or the Y direction.
[0079] In some embodiments, the near field needs to be estimated in both X and Y directions. In such embodiments, two resources for channel measurement may be configured for near field estimation, wherein one resource is associated with a linear array in the X direction (e.g., the center row of the antenna array or another row) and the other resource is associated with a linear array in the Y direction (e.g., the center column of the antenna array or another column) . The near field estimation and reporting in the X direction is independent of the near field estimation and reporting in the Y direction. Similarly, the UE does not need to know whether the linear array associated with each resource is in the X direction or the Y direction.
[0080] Because the near field effect is insensitive to polarization, in some embodiments, even when the antennas are cross-polarized, the DL RS used for near field estimation only needs to be transmitted from one of the polarizations, i.e., the same polarization for all the antennas in the linear array transmitting the DL RS. In other words, all the ports of each resource configured for near field estimation may use a same single polarization. In some other embodiments, the DL RS used for near field estimation may be transmitted from both polarizations. This doubles the number of ports in the resource (and the overhead) , but can enable more robust estimation for the UE since it has more resources for measurement and estimation.
[0081] Figure 3 illustrates an example antenna array and example linear array (s) to which ports of resource (s) for near field estimation are mapped in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Each square in Figure 3 may represent an antenna element in the antenna array, or a virtualized antenna port if antenna virtualization is used for hybrid beamforming.
[0082] As illustrated in Figure 3, in the case that the near field needs to be estimated in the X direction, a resource with ports mapping to the fourth row from the top of the antenna array is configured for channel measurement; in the case that the near field needs to be estimated in the Y direction, a resource with ports mapping to the ninth column from the left of the antenna array is configured for channel measurement.
[0083] Transmitting a DL RS resource from only a row and / or a column of antennas, instead from every antenna in the array, may reduce the RS overhead significantly. Transmitting only from a single polarization may further reduce the overhead by half. As an example, it is assumed that the antenna array has antenna elements with dual polarization in 32 columns and 8 rows. A typical CSI-RS resource may have 2*8*32 = 512 ports. In contrast, the resource for near field estimation in the X direction using a single polarization may only have 32 ports, and the resource for near field estimation in the Y direction using a single polarization may only have 8 ports. In the case that the near field only needs to be estimated in the X direction, the RS overhead for estimating the near field is 32 / 512=6.25%of the overhead associated with the typical CSI-RS resource. In the case that the near field needs to be estimated in both X and Y directions, the RS overhead for estimating the near field is (32+8) / 512=7.8%of the overhead associated with the typical CSI-RS resource.
[0084] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, after transmitting the CSI report configuration indicating the at least one resource for channel measurement, the NE may transmit at least one DL RS (e.g., CSI-RS) on the at least one resource. The transmission of the at least one DL RS may be not based on subarrays. That is, the antenna array of the NE is not partitioned into subarrays when transmitting the at least one DL RS. As discussed above, in some embodiments, the NE may transmit each of the at least one DL RS from a linear array in the antenna array. The UE may receive the at least one DL RS and perform measurement on the channel between the NE and the UE using the at least one DL RS.
[0085] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the UE may determine a minimum number of subarrays that the antenna array of the NE can be partitioned into for transmission to the UE based on the at least one DL RS. In some embodiments, each of the partitioned subarrays may has the same size, i.e., the same number of antenna elements.
[0086] In some embodiments, the UE may determine the minimum number of subarrays by determining at least one subarray number, wherein each subarray number is determined based on a respective DL RS and is associated with a linear array transmitting the respective DL RS.
[0087] For example, based on each DL RS, the UE may estimate a measured phase of the channel for each antenna element in the linear array transmitting the DL RS by comparing the phase of the received signal to the known transmission phase of the DL RS. In addition, the UE may assume that the linear array is partitioned into a number of subarrays, and fit the measured phases of antenna elements in each subarray with a linear function using linear regression. This can be called subarray-based linear phase approximation, and the fitted values may be referred to as subarray-based phases. Then, for each antenna element, the UE may calculate a difference (also referred to as phase error) between the measured phase and the subarray-based phase, and the maximal value of the calculated difference among the antenna elements in a subarray can be determined to be a maximal phase error associated with the subarray.
[0088] In an embodiment, the subarray number associated with the linear array may be determined such that a condition is satisfied, e.g., the maximal phase error associated with each subarray estimated for the subarray number is no more than a maximal phase error threshold. For example, the maximal phase error threshold may be received from the NE, e.g., via RRC signaling. That is, the maximal phase error threshold is configurable. As another example, the maximal phase error threshold may be a predefined value. That is, the maximal phase error threshold is fixed or default. The UE may start estimating the maximal phase error associated with each subarray for each assumed subarray number from the smallest possible number (e.g., 2) until it finds a number that satisfies the aforementioned condition. The subarray number associated with the linear array being one may indicate that there is no need for partitioning the linear array into subarrays.
[0089] After the UE determines, for each DL RS, the subarray number associated with the linear array transmitting the DL RS, the UE may transmit, e.g., to the NE, a CSI report indicating all the determined subarray numbers. After receiving the CSI report, the NE may partition its antenna array into subarrays according to the minimum number of subarrays represented by the subarray numbers indicated by the CSI report and perform subarray-based processing (e.g., DL RS transmission, DL data transmission, etc. ) using the partitioned subarrays. The UE may also use the minimum number of subarrays in subsequent operations, e.g., DL reception, channel estimation, CSI reporting, etc. For example, in the case that only one DL RS is transmitted to the UE from a linear array in the X direction, the UE may report only one subarray number, e.g., n1. Then the NE may know that the minimum number of subarrays that the antenna array of the NE can be partitioned into in the X direction for transmission to the UE is n1. In the case that a first DL RS is transmitted to the UE from a linear array in the X direction and a second DL RS is transmitted to the UE from a linear array in the Y direction, the UE may report two subarray numbers, e.g., n1 and n2 associated with the first and second DL RSs, respectively. Then the NE may know that the minimum number of subarrays that the antenna array of the NE can be partitioned into for transmission to the UE is n1*n2 (n1 in the X direction and n2 in the Y direction) .
[0090] In some embodiments, the number of subarrays that can be configured at the NE depends on details of the NE's implementation. For example, because each subarray will perform its own signal processing and needs it is own signal processing capability, and the received signals from different subarrays need to be processed jointly, the subarray number (s) indicated by the UE in the CSI report cannot be an arbitrary integer. In these embodiments, the NE may transmit, e.g., to the UE, a set of candidate subarray numbers (e.g., {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16} ) for each subarray number (e.g., based on the NE's capability) to be reported. In an embodiment, the set (s) of candidate subarray numbers may be transmitted via RRC signaling (e.g., as part of codebook configuration) . Then, the UE may select each subarray number to be reported from an associated set of candidate subarray numbers using any method described above. For example, the UE may start estimating the maximal phase error associated with each subarray for each number in the associated set of candidate subarray numbers from the smallest number in the associated set until it finds a number that satisfies the aforementioned condition. In an embodiment, each subarray number to be reported is associated with a respective dimension (e.g., X or Y direction) of the antenna array, and each set of candidate subarray numbers is also associated with a respective dimension (e.g., X or Y direction) of the antenna array. The candidate subarray numbers for the X and Y directions may be configured separately. For example, the set of candidate subarray numbers for the X direction may be {1, 2, 4, 6, 8} and the set of candidate subarray numbers for the Y direction may be {1, 2} .
[0091] Figure 4 illustrates an example of a UE 400 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 400 may include at least one processor 402 and at least one memory 404. Additionally, the UE 400 may also include one or more of at least one controller 406 or at least one transceiver 408. The processor 402, the memory 404, the controller 406, or the transceiver 408, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0092] The processor 402, the memory 404, the controller 406, or the transceiver 408, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0093] The processor 402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 402 may be configured to operate the memory 404. In some other implementations, the memory 404 may be integrated into the processor 402. The processor 402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 404 to cause the UE 400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0094] The memory 404 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 402 cause the UE 400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 404 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0095] In some implementations, the processor 402 and the memory 404 coupled with the processor 402 may be configured to cause the UE 400 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 402, instructions stored in the memory 404) . For example, the processor 402 may support wireless communication at the UE 400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The UE 400 may be configured to support a means for performing the operations of the methods described in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0096] In an embodiment, the processor 402 may be configured to cause the UE 400 to: receive a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates the UE 400 to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array of an NE is partitioned into for transmission to the UE 400; receive at least one DL RS on the at least one resource for channel measurement; and transmit a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number which is determined based on the at least one DL RS.
[0097] The controller 406 may manage input and output signals for the UE 400. The controller 406 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the UE 400. In some implementations, the controller 406 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 406 may be implemented as part of the processor 402.
[0098] In some implementations, the UE 400 may include at least one transceiver 408. In some other implementations, the UE 400 may have more than one transceiver 408. The transceiver 408 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 408 may include one or more receiver chains 410, one or more transmitter chains 412, or a combination thereof.
[0099] A receiver chain 410 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 410 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 410 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 410 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 410 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0100] A transmitter chain 412 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmitter chain 412 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 412 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 412 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0101] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a processor 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 500 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may include at least one controller 502 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may optionally include at least one memory 504, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 506. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0102] The processor 500 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0103] The controller 502 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 502 may operate as a control unit of the processor 500, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 500. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0104] The controller 502 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 504 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 502 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 504. The controller 502 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 502 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 500. The controller 502 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 500.
[0105] The memory 504 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 500 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 504 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the memory 504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 500) .
[0106] The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 500, cause the processor 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 502 and / or the processor 500 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the processor 500 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 500 and / or the controller 502 may be coupled with or to the memory 504, the processor 500, the controller 502, and the memory 504 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 500 may include multiple processors and the memory 504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0107] The one or more ALUs 506 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . One or more ALUs 506 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 506 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 506 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 506 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 506 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0108] The processor 500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for performing the operations of the methods described in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0109] In an embodiment, the processor 500 may be applicable for a UE or a device with similar functions. The controller 502 may be configured to cause the processor 500 to: receive a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates the processor 500 to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array of an NE is partitioned into for transmission to the processor 500; receive at least one DL RS on the at least one resource for channel measurement; and transmit a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number which is determined based on the at least one DL RS.
[0110] In an embodiment, the processor 500 may be applicable for an NE (e.g., a base station) or a device with similar functions. The controller 502 may be configured to cause the processor 500 to: transmit a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates a UE to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array is partitioned into for transmission to the UE; transmit at least one DL RS on the at least one resource for channel measurement; and receive a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number.
[0111] Figure 6 illustrates an example of an NE 600 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The NE 600 may include at least one processor 602 and at least one memory 604. Additionally, the NE 600 may also include one or more of at least one controller 606 or at least one transceiver 608. The processor 602, the memory 604, the controller 606, or the transceiver 608, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0112] The processor 602, the memory 604, the controller 606, or the transceiver 608, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0113] The processor 602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 602 may be configured to operate the memory 604. In some other implementations, the memory 604 may be integrated into the processor 602. The processor 602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 604 to cause the NE 600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0114] The memory 604 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 602 cause the NE 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 604 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0115] In some implementations, the processor 602 and the memory 604 coupled with the processor 602 may be configured to cause the NE 600 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 602, instructions stored in the memory 604) . For example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the NE 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The NE 600 may be configured to support a means for performing the operations of the methods described in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0116] In an embodiment, the processor 602 may be configured to cause the NE 600 to: transmit a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates a UE to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array of the NE 600 is partitioned into for transmission to the UE; transmit at least one DL RS on the at least one resource for channel measurement; and receive a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number.
[0117] The controller 606 may manage input and output signals for the NE 600. The controller 606 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the NE 600. In some implementations, the controller 606 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 606 may be implemented as part of the processor 602.
[0118] In some implementations, the NE 600 may include at least one transceiver 608. In some other implementations, the NE 600 may have more than one transceiver 608. The transceiver 608 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 608 may include one or more receiver chains 610, one or more transmitter chains 612, or a combination thereof.
[0119] A receiver chain 610 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 610 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 610 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 610 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 610 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0120] A transmitter chain 612 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmitter chain 612 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 612 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 612 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0121] Figure 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a UE as described herein. In some implementations, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions.
[0122] At 702, the method may include receiving a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates the UE to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array of an NE is partitioned into for transmission to the UE. The operations of 702 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 702 may be performed by a UE as described with reference to Figure 4.
[0123] At 704, the method may include receiving at least one DL RS on the at least one resource for channel measurement. The operations of 704 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 704 may be performed by a UE as described with reference to Figure 4.
[0124] At 706, the method may include transmitting a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number which is determined based on the at least one DL RS. The operations of 706 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 706 may be performed a UE as described with reference to Figure 4.
[0125] In some embodiments, the at least one resource for channel measurement includes a first resource with ports mapping to a first one-dimensional array.
[0126] In some embodiments, the at least one subarray number includes a subarray number associated with the first one-dimensional array.
[0127] In some embodiments, all the ports of the first resource use a same single polarization.
[0128] In some embodiments, the at least one resource for channel measurement further includes a second resource with ports mapping to a second one-dimensional array.
[0129] In some embodiments, the at least one subarray number includes: a first subarray number associated with the first one-dimensional array; and a second subarray number associated with the second one-dimensional array.
[0130] In some embodiments, the first one-dimensional array is orthogonal to the second one-dimensional array.
[0131] In some embodiments, all the ports of the first resource use a same single polarization, and all the ports of the second resource use a same single polarization.
[0132] In some embodiments, each of the at least one subarray number is associated with a respective dimension of the antenna array, and the method may further include receiving at least one set of candidate subarray numbers for the at least one subarray number, wherein each set of candidate subarray numbers corresponds to a respective dimension of the antenna array.
[0133] In some embodiments, the at least one set of candidate subarray numbers is received via RRC signaling.
[0134] It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.
[0135] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by an NE as described herein. In some implementations, the NE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the NE to perform the described functions.
[0136] At 802, the method may include transmitting a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates a UE to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array of the NE is partitioned into for transmission to the UE. The operations of 802 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 802 may be performed by an NE as described with reference to Figure 6.
[0137] At 804, the method may include transmitting at least one DL RS on the at least one resource for channel measurement. The operations of 804 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 804 may be performed by an NE as described with reference to Figure 6.
[0138] At 806, the method may include receiving a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number. The operations of 806 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 806 may be performed by an NE as described with reference to Figure 6.
[0139] In some embodiments, the at least one resource for channel measurement includes a first resource with ports mapping to a first one-dimensional array.
[0140] In some embodiments, the at least one subarray number includes a subarray number associated with the first one-dimensional array.
[0141] In some embodiments, all the ports of the first resource use a same single polarization.
[0142] In some embodiments, the at least one resource for channel measurement further includes a second resource with ports mapping to a second one-dimensional array.
[0143] In some embodiments, the at least one subarray number includes: a first subarray number associated with the first one-dimensional array; and a second subarray number associated with the second one-dimensional array.
[0144] In some embodiments, the first one-dimensional array is orthogonal to the second one-dimensional array.
[0145] In some embodiments, all the ports of the first resource use a same single polarization, and all the ports of the second resource use a same single polarization.
[0146] In some embodiments, each of the at least one subarray number is associated with a respective dimension of the antenna array, and the method may further include: transmitting at least one set of candidate subarray numbers for the at least one subarray number, wherein each set of candidate subarray numbers corresponds to a respective dimension of the antenna array.
[0147] In some embodiments, the at least one set of candidate subarray numbers is transmitted via RRC signaling.
[0148] It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.
[0149] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to:receive a channel state information (CSI) report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates the UE to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array of a network equipment (NE) is partitioned into for transmission to the UE;receive at least one downlink (DL) reference signal (RS) on the at least one resource for channel measurement; andtransmit a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number which is determined based on the at least one DL RS.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the at least one resource for channel measurement includes a first resource with ports mapping to a first one-dimensional array.3.The UE of claim 2, wherein the at least one subarray number includes a subarray number associated with the first one-dimensional array.4.The UE of claim 2, wherein all the ports of the first resource use a same single polarization.5.The UE of claim 2, wherein the at least one resource for channel measurement further includes a second resource with ports mapping to a second one-dimensional array.6.The UE of claim 5, wherein the at least one subarray number includes:a first subarray number associated with the first one-dimensional array; anda second subarray number associated with the second one-dimensional array.7.The UE of claim 5, wherein the first one-dimensional array is orthogonal to the second one-dimensional array.8.The UE of claim 5, wherein all the ports of the first resource use a same single polarization, and all the ports of the second resource use a same single polarization.9.The UE of claim 1, wherein each of the at least one subarray number is associated with a respective dimension of the antenna array, and the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to:receive at least one set of candidate subarray numbers for the at least one subarray number, wherein each set of candidate subarray numbers corresponds to a respective dimension of the antenna array.10.A network equipment (NE) for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the NE to:transmit a channel state information (CSI) report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates a user equipment (UE) to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array of the NE is partitioned into for transmission to the UE;transmit at least one downlink (DL) reference signal (RS) on the at least one resource for channel measurement; andreceive a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number.11.The NE of claim 10, wherein the at least one resource for channel measurement includes a first resource with ports mapping to a first one-dimensional array.12.The NE of claim 11, wherein the at least one subarray number includes a subarray number associated with the first one-dimensional array.13.The NE of claim 11, wherein all the ports of the first resource use a same single polarization.14.The NE of claim 11, wherein the at least one resource for channel measurement further includes a second resource with ports mapping to a second one-dimensional array.15.The NE of claim 14, wherein the at least one subarray number includes:a first subarray number associated with the first one-dimensional array; anda second subarray number associated with the second one-dimensional array.16.The NE of claim 14, wherein the first one-dimensional array is orthogonal to the second one-dimensional array.17.The NE of claim 14, wherein all the ports of the first resource use a same single polarization, and all the ports of the second resource use a same single polarization.18.The NE of claim 10, wherein each of the at least one subarray number is associated with a respective dimension of the antenna array, and the at least one processor is further configured to cause the NE to transmit at least one set of candidate subarray numbers for the at least one subarray number, wherein each set of candidate subarray numbers corresponds to a respective dimension of the antenna array.19.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:receive a channel state information (CSI) report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates the processor to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array of a network equipment (NE) is partitioned into for transmission to the processor;receive at least one downlink (DL) reference signal (RS) on the at least one resource for channel measurement; andtransmit a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number which is determined based on the at least one DL RS.20.A method performed by a user equipment (UE) , the method comprising:receiving a channel state information (CSI) report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates at least one resource for channel measurement, and further indicates the UE to report at least one subarray number which represents a minimum number of subarrays that an antenna array of a network equipment (NE) is partitioned into for transmission to the UE;receiving at least one downlink (DL) reference signal (RS) on the at least one resource for channel measurement; andtransmitting a CSI report indicating the at least one subarray number which is determined based on the at least one DL RS.