Device and method for preventing water vapor condensation in air supply systems for sensor cleaning systems

Abstract

The invention relates to a pneumatic system (PS) for a vehicle (FZ), comprising: a compressed air supply system (1000) having a compressor (100) for providing compressed air (DL) at a compressor outlet temperature (Tv), a compressed air supply system (200), which is connected via a compressed air connection (1) and has a pneumatic main line (21) for guiding compressed air (DL) in a filling direction (B), and a pneumatic system (300) connected to the compressed air supply system (200) via a compressed air supply connection (2). The invention proposes a cooling unit (22), which is associated with the compressed air connection (1), for cooling the compressed air (DL) provided by the compressor (100) at the compressor outlet temperature (Tv) to below a temperature threshold value (TB) and a heating unit (23), which is associated with the compressed air supply connection (2) and situated in the pneumatic main line (21), for heating the compressed air (DL) guided to the compressed air supply connection (2) to a filling temperature (TEIN), which is higher than the dew point temperature of the compressed air (DL), the cooling unit (22) and the heating unit (23) being connected, for control purposes, to a control device (ECU) of the pneumatic system (PS).

Description

[0001] Hanover, December 18, 2024 IP, Rabe, Dr. Nüsse / Kw 304832-DE-NP EMs 304832, 304973

[0002] Device and method for preventing water vapor condensation in air supply systems for sensor cleaning systems

[0003] The present invention relates to a pneumatic system for a vehicle, in particular a passenger car, comprising a compressed air supply system for providing compressed air at a compressed air supply connection and a pneumatic system connected to the compressed air supply connection, in particular a sensor cleaning device, which is configured to receive dried compressed air at the compressed air supply connection. The pneumatic system further comprises a control device configured to control the compressed air supply system.The compressed air supply system of a corresponding pneumatic system comprises a compressor for providing compressed air at a compressor outlet temperature, and a compressed air supply system with a compressed air connection for connection to the compressor, the compressed air supply connection, and a pneumatic main line configured to carry compressed air in a filling direction from the compressed air connection to the compressed air supply connection. The invention further relates to a compressed air supply system, a vehicle, and an operating method.

[0004] In vehicles, compressed air supply systems serve to supply pneumatic systems with dried compressed air or with compressed air that is free of liquid water within a pneumatic system.

[0005] The compressed air supply system of such a system typically receives compressed air for filling the pneumatic system via a compressed air connection from a compressed air source, such as a compressor. Compressors and compressors are used synonymously in this description and refer to units that compress air. Such a compressor, together with the compressed air supply system, forms a compressed air supply system. The control of such a compressed air supply system is preferably achieved via an electronic control unit. These compressed air supply systems are particularly useful for supplying compressed air to pneumatic systems in the form of sensor cleaning devices.To prevent damage to the pneumatic system and ensure its proper operation, freezing of moisture in the compressed air supplied at the compressed air supply connection must be prevented.

[0006] Common compressed air supply systems incorporate a drying device, such as an air dryer or a condensation dryer, which ensures that the compressed air supplied to the pneumatic system is always provided with a residual moisture content up to a defined maximum level. The compressed air can, for example, flow through one or more dryers. Regenerative air dryers with a drying granulate filling are preferred, as they reduce the moisture content of the compressed air through adsorption. These air dryers require regular regeneration to remove the moisture from the drying granulate and maintain their operational capability.In compressed air supply systems for open pneumatic systems, such as sensor cleaning devices, the challenge lies in the fact that the compressed air supplied at the compressed air connection cannot be returned to the compressed air supply system, but is instead expelled to clean the sensors. Thus, unlike in conventional compressed air supply systems, such as...

[0007] DE 10 2017 010 772 A1 shows that there is no compressed air already dried by the air dryer that can be used for regeneration of the air dryer in the compressed air supply system. This requires special solutions to provide a dedicated regeneration airflow, as shown, for example, in German patent application number 10 2023 119 855.6.

[0008] Alternatively, compressed air supply systems – with functional impairments and increased requirements regarding corrosion protection – can generally be operated without an air dryer, but are then only designed for operation at ambient temperatures above freezing. Furthermore, additional wear protection measures are necessary in this case. While known pneumatic systems thus offer a reliable supply of compressed air for the pneumatic system and can be operated with a drying device even at sub-zero temperatures, further improvements are needed to simplify such systems and simultaneously maintain system availability even at sub-zero temperatures.

[0009] The task is therefore to maintain the system availability of a pneumatic system of the type mentioned above during the filling process, even at temperatures near or below freezing.

[0010] The solution is obtained with the pneumatic system of claim 1 or a compressed air supply system according to claim 16 and a vehicle according to claim 17 as well as a corresponding method of claim 18 for operating the pneumatic system of claim 1.

[0011] The problem relating to a pneumatic system is solved in a first aspect of the invention by a device according to claim 1.

[0012] According to the invention, to solve the problem, a heating unit is proposed, connected to the compressed air supply connection and arranged in the main pneumatic line, starting from the pneumatic system mentioned above. This heating unit is connected to the control unit and is designed to heat the compressed air supplied to the compressed air supply connection to a filling temperature higher than the dew point temperature of the compressed air. Subsequent heating is particularly advantageous for preventing condensation in the pneumatic system, thus ensuring the reliability and functionality of the pneumatic system under various operating conditions, even without a drying device. Control by the control unit enables precise adjustment of the temperature regulation to the current operating requirements, which can increase the efficiency and safety of the vehicle.In this context, an assignment to the respective port means that the respective unit is arranged adjacent to the respective port – upstream or downstream in the filling direction – and thus no further component of the pneumatic system is located between the respective unit and the port to which it is assigned. Further developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims, which elaborate on the concept of the invention with regard to advantageous features within the scope of the problem statement and with regard to further advantages.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the pneumatic system additionally includes a cooling unit associated with the compressed air connection. This cooling unit is connected to the control unit and is designed to cool the compressed air supplied by the compressor at the compressor outlet temperature below a temperature limit. This limit can be selected depending on the materials used in the compressed air supply system and is intended to ensure that the compressed air does not have a temperature that could damage the components of the compressed air supply system. This temperature limit is, in particular, the dew point temperature, and preferably the dew point temperature including a safety margin for potential pressure fluctuations in the compressed air supply system.Alternatively, such a cooling unit could simply be an uninsulated section of pneumatic tubing made of a material with good thermal conductivity, particularly a metal. In this case, the cooling is not controlled by the control unit but calculated in advance by designing the corresponding pneumatic tubing. Cooling the compressed air flowing from the compressor into the compressed air supply system prevents damage to the system. Strategically placing the cooling unit near the compressor and the heating unit near the compressed air supply connection ensures optimal temperature control of the compressed air.

[0014] According to a further embodiment, the pneumatic system additionally includes at least one temperature sensor connected to the control unit via a signal conductor. This sensor is designed to monitor the temperature of the compressed air circulating through the system. The temperature sensor enables precise monitoring of the compressed air temperature. This monitoring is crucial to ensure that the compressed air remains within the optimal temperature range, which in turn guarantees the safe operation of the compressed air supply system and the connected pneumatic equipment, such as a sensor cleaning device. The sensor information can be retrieved continuously or cyclically by the control unit, allowing it to react dynamically to temperature changes and cool or heat the compressed air to the desired temperatures.This is particularly important for cooling the compressed air below a temperature threshold required for the safe and efficient operation of the system. This compressed air, cooled below the temperature threshold, can cool further during operation and is then heated to a filling temperature that prevents condensation of moisture within the pneumatic system. This filling temperature is above the dew point temperature of the compressed air, including a safety margin, ensuring that even if the compressed air cools down within the pneumatic system, its temperature remains above the dew point. Integrating the temperature sensor into the pneumatic system enables a closed control loop, guaranteeing precise control of the compressed air temperature.This leads to improved system efficiency and a longer lifespan for the components, as temperature spikes and fluctuations that could lead to wear or damage are avoided.

[0015] According to another embodiment, the temperature sensor is connected to the main pneumatic line between the cooling unit and the heating unit. Integrating this temperature sensor enables precise monitoring of the compressed air temperature after it has been cooled by the cooling unit and before it is heated by the heating unit. Thus, by continuously monitoring the compressed air temperature between the two units, the control unit can ensure more accurate control of the cooling and heating processes. Furthermore, integrating the temperature sensor allows the control unit to react more quickly to temperature changes, which is particularly advantageous in dynamic driving situations and changing environmental conditions that affect the compressed air temperature.

[0016] According to another embodiment, the temperature sensor is connected to the pneumatic main line between the heating unit and the compressed air supply connection. This specific arrangement of the temperature sensor enables precise monitoring of the compressed air temperature immediately after the heating unit and before it enters the pneumatic system. The precise placement of the temperature sensor allows the control unit to acquire real-time temperature data and control the heating unit accordingly to ensure that the compressed air reaches the desired filling temperature. This allows for more precise control compared to modeling temperature values ​​after the air leaves the heating unit. According to yet another embodiment, the temperature sensor is integrated into the pneumatic system. This enables even more precise and continuous monitoring of the compressed air temperature within the pneumatic system, an environment critical for condensation.Reliability is thus further increased. Preferably, at least one cleaning nozzle is integrated into the pneumatic system. This cleaning nozzle is connected to the compressed air supply connection via an outlet line, thus establishing a direct connection between the compressed air source and the cleaning nozzle. This enables efficient and targeted cleaning of sensors or other components that require regular maintenance. A temperature sensor is connected to the outlet line to monitor the temperature of the compressed air flowing through it. By connecting the sensor to the outlet line, the temperature can be measured immediately before it exits the cleaning nozzle. This area is particularly susceptible to icing, so placing the temperature sensor in this location further enhances safety and enables efficient, targeted temperature control.

[0017] According to a further embodiment, the compressed air supply system additionally includes an air dryer arranged in the main pneumatic line, which is designed to dry the compressed air supplied to the compressed air supply connection. The integration of an air dryer prevents the accumulation of moisture, which could lead to corrosion and malfunctions, in addition to the heating of the compressed air by the heating unit. Furthermore, the compressed air supply system includes a dryer bypass line that branches off from the main pneumatic line upstream of the air dryer at a junction point in the filling direction and connects to the main pneumatic line downstream of the air dryer at a connection point in the filling direction. This dryer bypass line enables flexible control of the airflow by providing an alternative route for the compressed air that bypasses the air dryer.When the compressor starts, the compressor outlet temperature is initially quite low, meaning the compressed air would need to be heated more by the heating unit to reach the filling temperature. Depending on the heating unit's capacity, this may not be possible, and the compressed air cannot be heated above its dew point. To prevent damage to the pneumatic system, the compressed air can be routed through the air dryer to dehumidify it in these cases. The air dryer is therefore only used in exceptional circumstances and can thus be smaller compared to conventional compressed air supply systems. This is particularly useful in situations where the air dryer requires maintenance or to protect it from wear and tear.Thus, depending on requirements, for example weather conditions, the main pneumatic line can be used with the air dryer or the dryer bypass line can be used, bypassing the air dryer.

[0018] According to another embodiment of the pneumatic system, the heating unit is arranged upstream of the branch point in the filling direction. This upstream arrangement allows for precise control of the compressed air temperature before it is distributed to various branches of the pneumatic system. This ensures that the compressed air entering different parts of the system is already heated to the desired filling temperature, thus improving the efficiency and functionality of connected pneumatic equipment, such as a sensor cleaning device. Alternatively, the heating unit is arranged downstream of the branch point in the filling direction, specifically between the branch point and the connection point, within the main pneumatic line. Another alternative is that the heating unit can also be arranged downstream of the connection point.Positioning the heating unit downstream of the connection point offers the advantage that the compressed air is heated only after passing through the main pneumatic line. This is particularly beneficial in situations where the main pneumatic line itself could exert a cooling effect on the compressed air. This arrangement ensures that the compressed air is brought to the desired temperature immediately before entering the connected pneumatic system, thus compensating for any potential temperature losses along the main pneumatic line.

[0019] According to another embodiment, the pneumatic main line has an outlet section. This outlet section extends between the air dryer and the compressed air supply connection, enabling targeted routing of the dried compressed air. The outlet section runs at least partially adjacent to the compressor, resulting in thermal interaction between the compressor and the compressed air flowing through the outlet section. This arrangement leads to heating of the compressed air, thus reducing the heating element's power consumption. Furthermore, the proximity of the outlet section to the compressor allows for efficient use of the compressor's waste heat to heat the compressed air. This leads to improved energy efficiency of the system.

[0020] According to another embodiment, the cooling unit is arranged in the main pneumatic line. This arrangement enables direct and efficient cooling of the compressed air supplied by the compressor before it is routed to other components connected to the main pneumatic line. The compressed air supply system further includes a cooler bypass line, which branches off from the main pneumatic line upstream of the cooling unit at a second branch point. This cooler bypass line reconnects to the main pneumatic line downstream of the cooling unit at a second connection point in the filling direction. This allows the compressed air to be routed either through the cooling unit or through the bypass line, depending on requirements and operating conditions. The compressed air supply system also includes a cooler bypass valve arrangement, which allows the selective blocking or opening of the cooler bypass line.This valve arrangement also serves to selectively block or open a cooling section of the main pneumatic line that contains the cooling unit. This allows for flexible temperature control of the compressed air by providing the option of bypassing the cooling unit when necessary. Furthermore, the integration of the cooler bypass line and the associated valve arrangement improves the overall controllability and adaptability of the pneumatic system to varying operating conditions and requirements.

[0021] According to another embodiment, the cooling unit is designed as a cooling section. This cooling section is a specific implementation of the cooling unit, which is associated with the compressed air connection and is linked to the control unit. The cooling section is designed to cool the compressed air supplied by the compressor, which has a compressor outlet temperature, below a temperature limit. The cooling section enables more efficient cooling of the compressed air. This means that the cooling section ensures that the temperature limit is always maintained, thus preventing damage to the components of the compressed air supply system. The cooling section can also simply be a highly thermally conductive pneumatic line, such as a steel pipe. According to another embodiment, the cooling unit is designed as a condensing cooler.This specific design of the cooling unit as a condensing cooler enables more efficient and targeted cooling of the compressed air supplied by the compressor. The temperature of the compressed air is reduced to below the dew point, causing condensate to form, which can then be separated. The targeted temperature below the dew point is also below the temperature limit, ensuring the efficiency and service life of the downstream components of the compressed air supply system. The condensing cooler is connected to the control unit, allowing for precise regulation of the cooling capacity depending on the vehicle's operating conditions.

[0022] According to another embodiment, the heating unit is designed as a heating section through which the pneumatic main line extends in sections. The heating section thus encloses a section of the pneumatic main line. This configuration enables targeted and uniform heating of the compressed air flowing through the pneumatic main line. The heating section is provided with insulation facing away from the pneumatic main line, meaning that the insulation is located on the outside of the heating section. More preferably, the pneumatic main line can also have insulation extending beyond the heating section. This insulation minimizes heat loss to the environment and ensures that the heat is efficiently transferred to the compressed air.On the side of the heating section facing the main pneumatic line, there is a heat transfer zone that enables efficient heat transfer between the heating section and the compressed air in the main pneumatic line. This heat transfer zone is crucial for the effective transfer of thermal energy from the heating section to the compressed air. A heating element, which generates the necessary thermal energy, is located between the insulation and the heat transfer zone. This heating element is controlled by the compressed air supply system's control unit to bring the compressed air to the desired filling temperature, which is higher than the dew point temperature of the compressed air.

[0023] According to a further embodiment, the compressed air supply system additionally includes a compressed air reservoir. This compressed air supply system is designed such that it comprises a reservoir line branching off from the main pneumatic line at a (third) branch point, which connects the compressed air reservoir to the main pneumatic line. A reservoir air dryer arranged in the reservoir line between the (third) branch point and the compressed air reservoir ensures that the compressed air supplied to the reservoir is dried, thus preventing moisture from freezing in the stored compressed air. Additionally, a reservoir throttle can be provided between the compressed air reservoir and the reservoir air dryer, which serves to reduce the pressure of the dry compressed air supplied from the reservoir through the reservoir air dryer.This helps reduce the relative humidity and thus optimizes the regeneration of the storage air dryer using compressed air from the compressed air storage tank. A storage valve arrangement allows for the selective blocking or opening of the storage line, enabling precise control of the airflow and demand-based use of the compressed air storage tank. The compressed air storage tank buffers the compressed air, resulting in a more consistent and continuous supply to the pneumatic system. This is particularly useful in situations where the compressor does not run continuously or the compressed air supply fluctuates.

[0024] According to another embodiment, the pneumatic system comprises a storage heating unit arranged between the compressed air storage tank and the storage air dryer, which is designed to heat the dry compressed air supplied to the storage air dryer. This heating unit increases the efficiency of the regeneration process and takes advantage of the fact that the compressed air can absorb more moisture from the drying granules when heated.

[0025] According to another embodiment, the pneumatic system includes an outlet shut-off valve associated with the storage valve assembly, which is arranged between the storage air dryer and the third branch point. This valve enables precise control of the airflow and prevents unwanted pressure losses.

[0026] According to another embodiment, the pneumatic system includes a storage vent line branching off from the storage line between the outlet shut-off valve and the storage air dryer, which serves to vent the storage line to the environment.

[0027] Furthermore, the pneumatic system preferably comprises a storage regeneration line branching off from the main pneumatic line between the heating unit and the compressed air supply connection at a fourth branch point and connecting to the storage line at a fourth connection point between the compressed air storage tank and the storage air dryer. This line is preferably equipped with a storage regeneration throttle and a pneumatic element that allows the regeneration line to be opened towards the fourth branch point. This creates an additional flow path for the regeneration of the air dryer. An advantage of the storage regeneration throttle is that it can be designed solely for regeneration optimization, and thus can have the smallest possible nominal diameter, in particular 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm.This is not the case with a throttle installed in the main pneumatic line, as this must allow the provision of, for example, the volume flow necessary for sensor cleaning at the compressed air supply connection.

[0028] Preferably, the pneumatic system comprises a storage air dryer bypass line branching off from the storage line between the storage air dryer and the main pneumatic line at a fifth branch point and connecting between the compressed air storage tank and the storage air dryer at a fifth connection point. This bypass line is designed to route dried compressed air from the compressed air storage tank to the main pneumatic line and allows the air dryer to be bypassed when necessary, further increasing the system's flexibility and efficiency. In particular, the dry compressed air present in the storage tank can be used to purge the system components.

[0029] The invention solves the aforementioned problem in a second aspect by means of a compressed air supply system according to claim 16 for a pneumatic system, in particular for a pneumatic system according to the first aspect of the invention. The compressed air supply system comprises a compressor for providing compressed air at a compressor outlet temperature, a compressed air supply unit with a compressed air connection for connecting to the compressor, a compressed air supply connection for connecting a pneumatic system, in particular a sensor cleaning device, and a pneumatic main line configured to carry compressed air in a filling direction from the compressed air connection to the compressed air supply connection. A control device is provided for controlling the compressed air supply system.A cooling unit associated with the compressed air connection, which can be connected to the control unit of the pneumatic system, is configured to cool the compressed air supplied by the compressor at the compressor outlet temperature below a temperature limit. A heating unit associated with the compressed air supply connection and arranged in the main pneumatic line, which can be connected to the control unit, is configured to heat the compressed air supplied to the compressed air supply connection to a filling temperature higher than the dew point temperature of the compressed air. By means of a heating and cooling unit connected to the control system, the invention, according to the second aspect, utilizes the advantages described in relation to the first aspect of the invention.Advantages and preferred embodiments according to the first aspect of the invention are likewise advantages and preferred embodiments according to the second aspect of the invention and vice versa.

[0030] The invention solves the aforementioned problem in a third aspect by means of a vehicle, in particular a passenger car, according to claim 17. The vehicle comprises a pneumatic system according to the first aspect of the invention. By means of a corresponding pneumatic system with a compressed air supply system according to the first aspect of the invention, the vehicle, according to the third aspect of the invention, benefits from the advantages mentioned at the outset with regard to the first aspect of the invention. Advantages and preferred embodiments of the compressed air supply system according to the first aspect of the invention are also advantages and preferred embodiments of the vehicle according to the third aspect of the invention.

[0031] The invention solves the aforementioned problem by means of a method according to claim 18 for operating a pneumatic system, in particular a pneumatic system according to the first aspect of the invention. The method begins with the supply of compressed air at a compressor outlet temperature to a compressed air connection by a compressor. This compressed air is then conveyed in a filling direction from the compressor, in particular the compressed air connection, to a compressed air supply connection via a pneumatic main line. A key step of this method is the cooling of the compressed air supplied at the compressed air connection below a temperature limit by a cooling unit associated with the compressed air connection. This cooling unit is connected to a control device, which enables precise control of the cooling processes.Cooling the compressed air ensures that its temperature is reduced to a level optimal for further transport and use within the system. Another important step is heating the compressed air, which is routed to the compressed air supply connection, to a filling temperature higher than its dew point temperature. This heating unit is located in the main pneumatic line. This heating unit is also connected to the control system, allowing for precise control of the heating process. Heating the compressed air to a higher temperature before it reaches the supply connection ensures that it reaches the required temperature for the reliable operation of the connected pneumatic system, even at sub-zero temperatures.Finally, compressed air is supplied to a pneumatic system connected to a compressed air supply connection, in particular a sensor cleaning device. By cooling to a temperature below the temperature limit and heating to the filling temperature, the method takes advantage of the benefits described above with regard to the first aspect of the invention. Advantages and preferred embodiments according to the first aspect of the invention are also advantages and preferred embodiments of the method according to the fourth aspect of the invention, and vice versa.

[0032] According to a further embodiment, a method comprises monitoring the temperature of the compressed air flowing through the pneumatic system. The cooling unit for cooling the compressed air supplied at the compressed air port and / or the heating unit for heating the compressed air supplied to the compressed air supply port are controlled depending on the monitored temperature. This means that the cooling unit for cooling the compressed air supplied at the compressed air port and / or the heating unit for heating the compressed air supplied to the compressed air supply port are activated depending on the measured temperature. This control is carried out by a control device that receives and processes the temperature data in order to send the corresponding commands to the cooling unit and the heating unit.This temperature-dependent control ensures that the compressed air is always kept within an optimal temperature range, which increases the performance and longevity of the compressed air supply system and the pneumatic system.

[0033] Embodiments of the invention are now described below with reference to the drawings and comparison with the prior art, some of which is also shown. These drawings are not necessarily to scale; rather, where explanatory, they are presented in a schematic and / or slightly distorted form. For further details regarding the teachings directly apparent from the drawings, reference is made to the relevant prior art. It should be noted that numerous modifications and changes concerning the form and details of an embodiment can be made without deviating from the general idea of ​​the invention. The features of the invention disclosed in the description, the drawings, and the claims can be essential for the further development of the invention, both individually and in any combination.Furthermore, the invention encompasses all combinations of at least two of the features disclosed in the description, the drawing, and / or the claims. The general idea of ​​the invention is not limited to the exact shape or detail of the preferred embodiment shown and described below, nor is it limited to an object that would be restricted compared to the object claimed in the claims. Where specified dimensioning ranges are given, values ​​lying within the stated limits are also disclosed as limit values ​​and may be used and claimed as desired.

[0034] Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments and from the drawing; this shows in:

[0035] FIG. 1: A vehicle schematically according to a preferred embodiment

[0036] FIG. 2: A pneumatic system with a compressed air supply system according to a first preferred embodiment, shown schematically;

[0037] FIG. 3: A pneumatic system with a compressed air supply system according to a second preferred embodiment, shown schematically;

[0038] FIG. 4: A pneumatic system with a compressed air supply system according to a third preferred embodiment, shown schematically;

[0039] FIG. 5: A pneumatic system with a compressed air supply system according to a fourth preferred embodiment, shown schematically;

[0040] FIG. 6: A pneumatic system with a compressed air supply system according to a fifth preferred embodiment, shown schematically; FIG. 7: A pneumatic system with a compressed air supply system according to a sixth preferred embodiment, shown schematically;

[0041] FIG. 8: a pneumatic system with a compressed air supply system according to a seventh preferred embodiment shown schematically;

[0042] FIG. 9: A pneumatic system with a compressed air supply system according to an eighth preferred embodiment, shown schematically;

[0043] FIG. 10: A pneumatic system with a compressed air supply system according to a ninth preferred embodiment, shown schematically;

[0044] FIG. 11 : a pneumatic system with a compressed air supply system according to a tenth preferred embodiment, shown schematically;

[0045] FIG. 12: A pneumatic system with a compressed air supply system according to an eleventh preferred embodiment, shown schematically;

[0046] FIG. 13: A method for operating the pneumatic system according to FIG. 2 to FIG. 12 according to a preferred embodiment.

[0047] FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a vehicle FZ. The vehicle FZ is, in particular, a passenger car P, which includes a pneumatic system PS and a control unit ECU. The control unit ECU is configured to control the pneumatic system PS.

[0048] FIG. 2 shows a pneumatic PS with a compressed air supply system 1000 and a pneumatic system 300 connected to the compressed air supply system 1000.

[0049] The compressed air supply system 200 has a compressed air connection 1 for connection to a compressor 100 and also a compressed air supply connection 2, to which the pneumatic system 300 is connected for receiving compressed air DL.

[0050] The compressed air supply system 200 and the compressor 100 form the compressed air supply system 1000.

[0051] The compressor 100 comprises a reciprocating piston unit 110 and a motor 120 for driving the reciprocating piston unit 110. The compressor 100 is connected via a suction line 10 to a suction port 0 for drawing compressed air DL from the environment A. An air filter 0.1 is arranged in the suction line 10. The compressor 100 is configured to supply the compressed air DL, compressed by the reciprocating piston unit 110, to the compressed air port 1. The compressed air supply system 200 is connected to the compressed air port 1 to receive the compressed air DL.

[0052] The compressed air supply system 200 comprises a pneumatic main line 21, which extends from compressed air connection 1 to compressed air supply connection 2 and through which compressed air DL is guided from compressed air connection 1 to compressed air supply connection 2 in a filling direction B for filling the pneumatic system 300.

[0053] It should be understood that the compressed air supply system 1000 is preferably a central compressed air supply system 1000, which obtains compressed air DL from a central compressor 100 via a compressed air supply connection 1 and then provides it at one or more compressed air supply connections 2, which may be distributed throughout the vehicle FZ.

[0054] A cooling unit 22 is assigned to the compressed air connection 1. In this case, the cooling unit 22 is arranged in the main pneumatic line 21, specifically in a cooling section 21A. However, the cooling unit 22 can also be installed as a separate module upstream of the compressed air supply system 200 or form a modular assembly together with the compressor 100. In this case, the cooling unit 22 comprises a cooling section 221, which cools the compressed air DL supplied by the compressor 100 from the compressor outlet temperature Tv below a temperature limit TB in order to prevent damage to the main pneumatic line 21.

[0055] Advantageously, the pneumatic main line 21 can also be fully or partially insulated with line insulation 210 beyond the heating section 221 to protect the compressed air from rapid cooling. Line insulation is particularly advantageous downstream of the heating section.

[0056] A heating unit 23 is also provided, which is associated with the compressed air supply connection 2. The heating unit 23 is arranged in the pneumatic main line 21 and consists of a heating section 231. This heating section 231 preferably comprises system-side insulation 232, an internal heat transfer zone 233, and a heating element 234 between the insulation 232 and the heat transfer zone 233. The heating unit 23 heats the compressed air DL to a filling temperature TEIN, which is higher than the temperature limit TB, before the compressed air DL reaches the compressed air supply connection 2.

[0057] A temperature sensor 240 is connected to the pneumatic main line 21 between the cooling unit 22 and the heating unit 23. A control unit ECU (see FIG. 1) controls the cooling unit 22 and the heating unit 23 and is connected to the temperature sensor 240 via signal lines. The control unit ECU (see FIG. 1) controls the cooling unit 22 such that the compressed air DL in the pneumatic main line 21 is cooled below the temperature limit TB at the inlet side and is then routed through the vehicle FZ to the at least one compressed air supply connection 2 without causing damage to the at least one pneumatic main line 21. The temperature sensor 240 monitors the temperature T of the compressed air DL routed through the pneumatic system PS. The measured temperature T is transmitted to a control unit ECU (see FIG. 1), which models the temperature T of the compressed air DL after passing through the heating unit 23. The control unit ECU (see FIG.1) Depending on the modeled temperature of the compressed air DL as it leaves the heating unit 23, the heating unit controls the compressed air DL in the filling direction B upstream of the compressed air supply connection 2, in particular immediately before the compressed air supply connection 2, to the desired filling temperature TEIN in order to prevent condensation of the moisture in the supplied compressed air DL in the pneumatic system 300. Condensation is reliably prevented if the filling temperature is equal to or greater than the dew point temperature of the compressed air. Thus, a warm airflow, similar to the air from a hairdryer, is provided.

[0058] Furthermore, a pressure sensor 241 is arranged in the pneumatic main line 21 between the cooling unit 22 and a heating unit 23. The pressure sensor 241 monitors the pressure p of the compressed air DL conveyed through the pneumatic system PS.

[0059] A pneumatic system 300, configured as a sensor cleaning device 301, is connected to the compressed air supply port 2. This pneumatic system 300 includes at least one cleaning nozzle 303, which is connected to the compressed air supply port 2 via an outlet line 302. The compressed air DL, heated by the heating unit 23, is directed through the cleaning nozzle 303 to the outlet line 302 to operate the sensor cleaning device 301.

[0060] FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a pneumatic system PS according to a second embodiment. Identical or similar components have identical reference numerals, and only the differences between the embodiments are discussed.

[0061] FIG. 3 shows a different arrangement of the temperature sensor 240. In this arrangement, the temperature sensor 240 is positioned between the heating unit 23 and the compressed air supply connection 2. The control unit ECU (see FIG. 1) therefore does not need to model the temperature T of the compressed air DL after it has passed through the heating unit 23, but can detect it directly and control the heating unit 23 accordingly.

[0062] FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a pneumatic system PS according to a third embodiment. Identical or similar components have identical reference numerals, and only the differences between the embodiments are discussed.

[0063] FIG. 4 shows a different arrangement of the temperature sensor 240. In this case, the temperature sensor 240 is connected to the outlet line 302 to monitor the filling temperature TEIN of the compressed air DL supplied to the cleaning nozzles 303. The control unit ECU (see FIG. 1) can thus ensure that the filling temperature TEIN is maintained in the outlet line 302 and, if it falls below this temperature, take countermeasures by appropriately controlling the heating unit 23.

[0064] FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a pneumatic system PS according to a fourth embodiment. Identical or similar components have identical reference numerals, and only differences between the embodiments are discussed. FIG. 5 shows a different design of the cooling unit 22 compared to FIG. 2. The cooling unit 22 is designed as a condensation cooler 222 and is configured to cool compressed air DL below its dew point and to discharge the resulting condensate from the compressed air supply system 1000 via a separator.

[0065] FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a pneumatic system PS according to a fifth embodiment. Identical or similar components have identical reference numerals, and only differences between the embodiments are discussed.

[0066] FIG. 6 shows a different configuration of the compressed air supply system 200 compared to FIG. 4. The compressed air supply system 200 comprises an air dryer 5, which is arranged in the main pneumatic line 21 and dries the compressed air DL. A dryer bypass line 20 branches off from the main pneumatic line 21 at a branch point Z1 and connects to the main pneumatic line 21 at a connection point A1 in the filling direction B downstream of the air dryer 5. A dryer bypass valve assembly 270 allows the selective blocking or opening of the dryer bypass line 20 and the drying section 21B of the main pneumatic line 21. The valve assembly 270 consists of a main line shut-off valve 271 and a bypass shut-off valve 272, both of which are connected to the control unit ECU.

[0067] After the air dryer 5, the dried compressed air DL' is passed through the heating unit 23, which is located between connection point AN 1 and the compressed air supply connection 2. Furthermore, the compressed air DL routed through the dryer bypass line 20 also passes through the heating unit 23.

[0068] A regeneration throttle 7 is arranged between connection point AN1 and the air dryer 5. Compressed air DL, which is fed to the air dryer 5 against the filling direction B, can first be depressurized, thereby reducing its relative humidity. This compressed air DL can also be routed via an additional heating section (not shown), for example in the main line 21 upstream of branch point A1.

[0069] The pneumatic main line 21 is connected to a vent port 3 via a vent path 13. The vent path 13 branches off from the pneumatic main line 21 between the air dryer 5 and the compressed air port 1 and comprises a first vent line 13.1, which branches off between the cooling unit 22 and the main line shut-off valve 271, and a second vent line 13.2, which branches off between the main line shut-off valve 271 and the air dryer 5. A first vent valve EV1 is arranged in the first vent line 13.1 and a second vent valve EV2 is arranged in the second vent line 13.2. The vent valves EV1 and EV2 are preferably pneumatic switching valves, in particular 2 / 2-way valves.

[0070] FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of a pneumatic system PS according to a sixth embodiment. Identical or similar components have identical reference numerals, and only differences between the embodiments are discussed.

[0071] FIG. 7 shows a different configuration of the pneumatic main line 21 between connection point A1 and the heating unit 23 compared to FIG. 6. The pneumatic main line 21 extends between connection point A1 and the heating unit 23 with an outlet section 21 C adjacent to the compressor 100. The dry compressed air DL' conveyed therein thus benefits from the waste heat of the compressor 100 and is heated. The dry compressed air DL' is therefore preheated before passing through the heating unit 23, allowing its power output to be reduced.

[0072] FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of a pneumatic system PS according to a seventh embodiment. Identical or similar components have identical reference numerals, and only differences between the embodiments are discussed.

[0073] FIG. 8 shows a different design of the compressed air supply system 200 between the compressed air connection 1 and the heating unit 23 compared to FIG. 1.

[0074] The cooling unit 22, as shown in FIG. 2, consists of a cooling section 221, which can be bypassed as needed by a cooler bypass line 24. The cooler bypass line 24 branches off from the main pneumatic line 21 at a second branch point Z2 and reconnects to the main pneumatic line 21 at a second connection point AN2. A cooler bypass valve assembly 260 controls the opening or closing of the cooler bypass line 24. The cooler bypass valve assembly 260 preferably comprises a 3 / 2-way cooler bypass valve, which is configured to selectively connect the compressed air connection 1 either to the cooling unit 22 or to the cooler bypass line 24. In the cooling section 21A between the cooling unit 22 and the second connection point AN2, a cooler check valve 223 is preferably arranged, which is designed to prevent a backflow of compressed air DL towards the cooling unit 22.Furthermore, a cooler bypass check valve 224 is preferably arranged in the cooler bypass line 24, which is designed to prevent backflow of compressed air through the cooler bypass line 24 in the direction of the compressed air connection 1.

[0075] FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of a pneumatic system PS according to an eighth embodiment. Identical or similar components have identical reference numerals, and only differences between the embodiments are discussed.

[0076] FIG. 9 shows a different embodiment of the compressed air supply system 200 compared to FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the compressed air supply system 200 additionally comprises a compressed air reservoir 250, which is connected to the main pneumatic line 21 via a reservoir line 25. The compressed air reservoir 250 is, for example, arranged distally in the reservoir line 25, and the reservoir line 25 branches off from the main pneumatic line 21 at a third branch point Z3.

[0077] A storage air dryer 251 is arranged in the storage line 25 between the branch point Z3 and the compressed air storage tank 250 to dry the compressed air DL leading to the compressed air storage tank 250. A storage throttle 252 is arranged between the compressed air storage tank 250 and the storage air dryer 251 to expand the dry compressed air DL' originating from the compressed air storage tank 250 and thus further reduce its relative humidity. The expanded dry compressed air DL' flowing from the compressed air storage tank 250 regenerates the storage air dryer 251 and absorbs the moisture bound in a drying granulate of the storage air dryer 251. A storage valve arrangement 253 enables the selective blocking or opening of the storage line 25. The storage valve arrangement 253 preferably comprises a first outlet shut-off valve.

[0078] 253.1, which is arranged between the storage air dryer 251 and the branch point Z3. Furthermore, the storage valve assembly 253 includes a second outlet shut-off valve.

[0079] 253.2, which is located between the storage throttle 252 and the compressed air storage tank 250.

[0080] A compressed air storage tank 250 is preferably assigned a storage pressure sensor 259 for monitoring the storage pressure.

[0081] FIG. 10 shows a schematic representation of a pneumatic system PS according to a ninth embodiment. Identical or similar components have identical reference numerals, and only differences between the embodiments are discussed.

[0082] FIG. 10 shows a different configuration of the compressed air supply system 200 compared to FIG. 9. In this configuration, the compressed air supply system 200 also includes a storage heating unit 255, which is designed to heat the dry compressed air supplied from the storage air dryer 251 in order to improve the regeneration of the storage air dryer 251. The storage heating unit 255 is arranged between the second outlet shut-off valve 253.2 and the storage throttle 252. Alternative arrangements are possible.

[0083] FIG. 11 shows a schematic representation of a pneumatic system PS according to a tenth embodiment. Identical or similar components have identical reference numerals, and only differences between the embodiments are discussed.

[0084] FIG. 11 shows a different configuration of the compressed air supply system 200 compared to FIG. 9. The compressed air supply system 200 includes a storage vent line 28, which allows the compressed air DL flowing from the storage air dryer 251 after regeneration to be vented into the environment A. The storage vent line 28 connects to the storage line 25 between the storage air dryer 251 and the first outlet shut-off valve 253.1. Additionally, a storage regeneration line 26 is provided, which branches off from the storage line 25 at a fourth branch point Z4 and connects to the main pneumatic line 21 at a fourth connection point AN4. Unlike the arrangement shown in FIG. 11, the fourth branch point Z4 can be located between valve 253.2 and dryer 251.A storage regeneration throttle 258 is arranged in the storage regeneration line 26 for reducing the pressure of the compressed air DL, which is directed from the pneumatic main line 21 in the filling direction B downstream of the heating unit 23 to the storage air dryer 251. Furthermore, a pneumatic element 257 is arranged in the storage regeneration line 26, which is configured to release the storage regeneration line 26 in the direction of the branch point Z4.

[0085] FIG. 12 shows a schematic representation of a pneumatic system PS according to an eleventh embodiment. Identical or similar components have identical reference numerals, and only differences between the embodiments are discussed.

[0086] FIG. 12 shows a different embodiment of the compressed air supply system 200 compared to FIG. 9. The compressed air supply system 200 additionally includes a storage air dryer bypass line 27, which branches off from the storage line 25 between the compressed air storage tank 250 and the storage air dryer 251 at a fifth branch point Z5 and connects between the storage air dryer 251 and the main pneumatic line 21 at a fifth connection point AN5. This line allows dried compressed air DL' to be fed from the compressed air storage tank 250 into the main pneumatic line 21.

[0087] FIG. 13 shows a flowchart illustrating the steps of a procedure 2000 for operating a pneumatic system PS.

[0088] The first step 2100 includes the provision of compressed air DL with a compressor outlet temperature Tv at a compressed air connection 1 by a compressor 100.

[0089] In the next step 2200, the compressed air DL is guided in a filling direction B from the compressor 100, in particular from the compressed air connection 1, to a compressed air supply connection 2 through a pneumatic main line 21. The second step 2200 comprises two sub-steps, namely the cooling 2210 and the heating 2220 of the compressed air DL guided through the pneumatic main line 21.

[0090] During cooling 2210, the compressed air DL supplied at compressed air connection 1 is cooled below a temperature limit TB by a cooling unit 22 assigned to compressed air connection 1. This cooling unit 22 is designed to lower the compressed air DL to a temperature that is unproblematic for the operation of the compressed air supply system 200 and prevents damage to pipes.

[0091] During heating 2220, the compressed air DL supplied to the compressed air supply connection 2 is heated to a filling temperature TEIN, which is higher than the temperature limit TB, by a heating unit 23 located in the main pneumatic line 21. This heating unit 23 is designed to raise the compressed air DL to a temperature that prevents condensation of water from the compressed air within the connected pneumatic system 300.

[0092] The final third step 2300 includes providing compressed air DL for a pneumatic system 300 connected to a compressed air supply connection 2, in particular a sensor cleaning device 301.

[0093] In summary, the invention relates to a pneumatic system for a vehicle, comprising: a compressed air supply system with a compressor for providing compressed air at a compressor outlet temperature, a compressed air supply system connected via a compressed air connection, a pneumatic main line for conveying compressed air in a filling direction, and a pneumatic system connected to the compressed air supply system via a compressed air connection. The invention proposes a heating unit associated with the compressed air supply connection and arranged in the pneumatic main line for heating the compressed air conveyed to the compressed air supply connection to a filling temperature higher than the dew point temperature of the compressed air, wherein the heating unit is connected to a control device of the pneumatic system.Other variations of the disclosed embodiments can be understood and carried out by a person skilled in the art when carrying out the claimed invention with reference to the drawings, the disclosure and the accompanying claims.

[0094] In the claims, the word "comprehensive" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality.

[0095] A single unit or device can perform the functions of several elements listed in the claims. The fact that certain measures are listed in different interdependent claims does not mean that a combination of these measures cannot be advantageous.

[0096] Any reference numerals in the claims are not to be understood as limiting the scope of application.

[0097] List of reference symbols (part of the description)

[0098] 0 Intake port

[0099] 0.1 Air filter

[0100] 1 compressed air connection

[0101] 2 compressed air supply connections

[0102] 3 vent connection

[0103] 5 air dryers

[0104] 7 Main line choke

[0105] 10 Intake pipe

[0106] 13 Venting path

[0107] 13.1 First vent line

[0108] 13.2 second vent line

[0109] EV1 first vent valve

[0110] EV2 second vent valve

[0111] 20 dryer bypass line

[0112] 21 Pneumatic main line

[0113] 21A Cooling section

[0114] 21 B Drying section

[0115] 21 C Outlet section

[0116] 22 cooling units

[0117] 23 Heating unit

[0118] 24 Cooler bypass line

[0119] 25 storage line

[0120] 26 Storage regeneration line

[0121] 27 Storage air dryer bypass line

[0122] 28 Storage tank vent line

[0123] 100 compressors

[0124] 110 piston units

[0125] 120 engine

[0126] 200 compressed air supply system

[0127] 210 Cable insulation

[0128] 221 Cooling section

[0129] 222 Condensation cooler 23 Cooler check valve 24 Cooler bypass check valve 31 Heating section 232 Insulation 233 Heat transfer zone 234 Heating element 240 Temperature sensor 241 Pressure sensor 250 Compressed air reservoir 251 Reservoir air dryer 252 Reservoir throttle

[0130] 253 Storage valve assembly 253.1 First outlet shut-off valve 253.2 Second outlet shut-off valve 255 Storage heating unit 257 Pneumatic element 258 Storage regeneration throttle 259 Storage pressure sensor 260 Cooler bypass valve assembly 261 Cooler bypass 3 / 2-way valve 270 Dryer bypass valve assembly 300 Pneumatic system

[0131] 301 Sensor cleaning device 302 Outlet line 303 Cleaning nozzle 1000 Compressed air supply system A Environment B Filling direction DL Compressed air DU Dried compressed air ECU Control unit FZ Vehicle P Passenger car PS System T Temperature TAUS Outlet temperature

[0132] TB temperature limit

[0133] TEIN filling temperature

[0134] Trust dew point temperature of the compressed air

[0135] TV compressor outlet temperature

[0136] Z1 first junction

[0137] Z2 second junction

[0138] Z3 third junction

[0139] Z4 fourth junction

[0140] Z5 fifth junction

[0141] AN1 first junction

[0142] AN2 second junction

[0143] AN3 third junction

[0144] AN5 fifth junction

Claims

Patent claims 1. Pneumatic system (PS) for a vehicle (FZ), in particular a passenger car (P), comprising: a compressed air supply system (1000) with a compressor (100) for supplying compressed air (DL) with a compressor outlet temperature (Tv), a compressed air supply system (200) with a compressed air connection (1) for connecting to the compressor (100), a compressed air supply connection (2) for connecting a pneumatic system (300), in particular a sensor cleaning device (301), and a pneumatic main line (21) configured for conveying compressed air (DL) in a filling direction (B) from the compressed air connection (1) to the compressed air supply connection (2), a pneumatic system (300) connected to the compressed air supply connection (2), and a control unit (ECU) for controlling the compressed air supply system (1000), characterized by a pneumatic system (300) associated with the compressed air supply connection (2) and located in the pneumatic main line (21). arranged heating unit (23),which is connected to the control unit (ECU) and is designed to heat the compressed air (DL) supplied to the compressed air supply connection (2) to a filling temperature (TEIN) that is higher than the dew point temperature (TTAU) of the compressed air (DL).

2. Pneumatic system (PS) according to claim 1, further comprising: a cooling unit (22) associated with the compressed air connection (1), which is connected to the control unit (ECU) for control purposes and is configured to cool the compressed air (DL) supplied by the compressor (100) at the compressor outlet temperature (Tv) below a temperature limit (TB), and / or at least one temperature sensor (240) connected to the control unit (ECU) for signal transmission, which is configured to monitor a temperature (T) of the compressed air (DL) guided through the pneumatic system (PS).

3. Pneumatic system (PS) at least according to claim 2, the temperature sensor (240) is connected to the pneumatic main line (21) between the cooling unit (22) and the heating unit (23).

4. Pneumatic system (PS) at least according to claim 2, wherein the temperature sensor (240) is connected between the heating unit (23) and the compressed air supply connection (2) to the pneumatic main line (21).

5. Pneumatic system (PS) at least according to claim 2, wherein the temperature sensor (240) is integrated into the pneumatic system (300).

6. Pneumatic system (PS) at least according to claim 5, wherein the pneumatic system (300) has at least one cleaning nozzle (303) which is connected to the compressed air supply connection (2) via an outlet line (302), wherein the temperature sensor (240) is connected to the outlet line (302).

7. Pneumatic system (PS) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the compressed air supply system (200) further comprises: an air dryer (21) arranged in the pneumatic main line (21), which is configured to dry the compressed air (DL, DL') supplied to the compressed air supply connection (2), and a dryer bypass line (20) branching off upstream of the air dryer (5) at a branch point (Z1) in the filling direction (B) and connecting downstream of the air dryer (5) at a connection point (AN1) to the pneumatic main line (21), a dryer bypass valve arrangement (270) for selectively blocking or releasing the dryer bypass line (20) and a drying section (21 B) of the pneumatic main line (21) comprising the air dryer (5).

8. Pneumatic system (PS) at least according to claim 7, wherein the heating unit (23) is arranged upstream of the branch point (Z1) in the filling direction (B), or the heating unit (23) is arranged downstream of the connection point (A1) in the filling direction (B), or the heating unit (23) is arranged in the pneumatic main line (21) in the filling direction (B) downstream of the branch point (Z1), in particular between the branch point (Z1) and the connection point (A1).

9. Pneumatic system (PS) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pneumatic main line (21) has an outlet section (21 C) extending between the air dryer (5) and the compressed air supply connection (2), and extending at least sectionally adjacent to the compressor (100).

10. Pneumatic system (PS) according to one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the cooling unit (22) is arranged in the pneumatic main line (21) and the compressed air supply system (200) further comprises: a cooler bypass line (24) branching off upstream of the cooling unit (22) at a (second) branch point (Z2) from the pneumatic main line (21) in the filling direction (B) and connecting downstream of the cooling unit (22) at a (second) connection point (AN2) to the pneumatic main line (21), and a cooler bypass valve arrangement (260) for selectively blocking or releasing the cooler bypass line (24) and a cooling section (21A) of the pneumatic main line (21) comprising the cooling unit (22).

11. Pneumatic system (PS) according to any one of claims 2 to 10, wherein the cooling unit (22) is a cooling section (221).

12. Pneumatic system (PS) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cooling unit (22) is a condensation cooler (222).

13. Pneumatic system (PS) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heating unit (23) is a heating section (231) through which the pneumatic main line (21) extends section by section, with insulation (232) facing away from the pneumatic main line (21) and a heat transfer zone (233) facing the pneumatic main line (21) and a heating element (234) arranged between the insulation (232) and the heat transfer zone (233).

14. Pneumatic system (PS) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the compressed air supply system (200) further comprises: a compressed air reservoir (250), a reservoir line (25) branching off from the main pneumatic line (21) at a (third) branch point (Z3), which is configured to connect the compressed air reservoir (250) to the main pneumatic line (21), a reservoir air dryer (251) arranged in the reservoir line (25) between the (third) branch point (Z3) and the compressed air reservoir (250), which is configured to dry the compressed air (DL) supplied to the compressed air reservoir (250), preferably a reservoir throttle (252) arranged between the compressed air reservoir (250) and the reservoir air dryer (251), which is configured to release the pressure from the dry compressed air (DL') supplied from the compressed air reservoir (250) through the reservoir air dryer (251), and a reservoir valve arrangement (253) which is configured to selectively block or release the reservoir line (25).

15. Pneumatic system (PS) according to claim 14, further comprising at least one of the following: a storage heating unit (255) arranged between the compressed air reservoir (250) and the storage air dryer (251), which is configured to heat the dry compressed air (DL') supplied to the storage air dryer (251), an outlet shut-off valve (253.1) associated with the storage valve arrangement (253), which is arranged between the storage air dryer (251) and the (third) branch point (Z3), and a storage vent line (28) branching off from the storage line (25) between the outlet shut-off valve (253.1) and the storage air dryer (251) for venting the storage line (251) to the environment (A),a storage regeneration line (26) branching off from the main pneumatic line (21) between the heating unit (23) and the compressed air supply connection (2) at a (fourth) branch point (Z4) and connecting to the storage line (25) at a (fourth) connection point (AN4) between the compressed air storage tank (250) and the storage air dryer (251), with a storage regeneration throttle (258) and a pneumatic element (257) for releasing the regeneration line (26) towards the (fourth) branch point (Z4), a storage line branching off from the storage line (25) between the storage air dryer (251) and the main pneumatic line (21) at a (fifth) branch point (Z5) and connecting to the storage line (250) and the storage air dryer (251) at a (fifth) connection point (AN5). Storage air dryer bypass line, (27), which is equipped to guide dried compressed air (DL') from the compressed air reservoir (250) into the pneumatic main line (21).

16. Compressed air supply system (1000) for a pneumatic system (PS), in particular for a pneumatic system (PS) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a compressor (100) for supplying compressed air (DL) with a compressor outlet temperature (Tv), a compressed air supply system (200) with a compressed air connection (1) for connecting to the compressor (100), a compressed air supply connection (2) for connecting a pneumatic system (300), in particular a sensor cleaning device (301), and a pneumatic main line (21) configured for conveying compressed air (DL) in a filling direction (B) from the compressed air connection (1) to the compressed air supply connection (2), a control unit (ECU) for controlling the compressed air supply system (1000), characterized by a heating unit (23) associated with the compressed air supply connection (2) and arranged in the pneumatic main line (21).which is control-technically connectable to the control unit (ECU) and is designed to heat the compressed air (DL) supplied to the compressed air supply connection (2) to a filling temperature (TEIN) that is higher than the dew point temperature of the compressed air (DL).

17. Vehicle (FZ), in particular passenger car (P), with a pneumatic system (PS) according to one of claims 1 to 15.

18. Method (2000) for operating a pneumatic system (PS), in particular a pneumatic system (PS) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising the steps: Supply (2100) of compressed air (DL) with a compressor outlet temperature (Tv) at a compressed air connection (1) by a compressor (100), Guiding (2200) compressed air (DL) in a filling direction (B) from the compressor (100), in particular the compressed air connection (1) to a compressed air supply connection (2) through a pneumatic main line (21), with the following sub-steps: Cooling (2210) of the compressed air (DL) supplied at the compressed air connection (1) below a temperature limit (TB) by a cooling unit (22) associated with the compressed air connection (1), Heating (2220) the compressed air (DL) supplied to the compressed air supply connection (2) to a filling temperature (TEIN) which is higher than the dew point temperature of the compressed air (DL) by means of a heating unit (23) arranged in the pneumatic main line (21), providing (2300) compressed air (DL) for a pneumatic system (300) connected to a compressed air supply connection (2), in particular a sensor cleaning device (301).

19. Method (2000) according to claim 18, further comprising the step: Monitoring a temperature (T) of the compressed air (DL) guided through the pneumatic system (PS), wherein the cooling unit (22) is controlled in step (2210) to cool the compressed air (DL) provided at the compressed air connection (1) and / or the heating unit (23) is controlled to heat (2220) the compressed air (DL) guided to the compressed air supply connection (2) depending on the monitored temperature (T).

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