Device and network node

Abstract

This device comprises: a reception unit whereby a message including a permanent identifier for a device, a first hash value generated with a dynamically updated first parameter serving as input, and a predetermined command is received from a first node; a storage unit that stores a permanent identifier allocated in advance to the device and a dynamically updated second parameter; and a control unit that generates a second hash value using the permanent identifier allocated in advance and the second parameter or the received first parameter as input. The control unit executes the predetermined command when the first hash value and the second hash value match.

Description

Device and Network Node

[0001] The present invention relates to a device and a network node in a communication system.

[0002] In 3GPP (Registered Trademark) (3rd Generation Partnership Project), the application of AIoT (Ambient Internet of Things) systems to various use cases is being discussed (for example, Non-Patent Document 1). In inventory management, which is one of the use cases of AIoT, it is expected to grasp the status of goods and materials in real time based on, for example, the location information and sensor information transmitted by AIoT devices (AIoT tags) in a warehouse.

[0003] In 3GPP Release 19 (Rel. 19), for security enhancement, it is being considered to use a Temporary Identifier (T-ID) generated using a hash function instead of the Permanent ID of an AIoT device on the radio interface (for example, Non-Patent Document 2).

[0004] 3GPP TR23.700-29 V19.0.0(2024-06)3GPP TR 33.713 V0.4.0 (2024-10)

[0005] However, since the conventional T-ID is a hash value, in an inventory management request message that requests an identifier of an AIoT device, the network node may not be able to identify the AIoT device that responded using the conventional T-ID, that is, there is a possibility that the Permanent ID of the AIoT device cannot be derived.

[0006] The device in this embodiment includes a receiving unit that receives a message from a first node containing a persistent identifier for the device, a first hash value generated using a dynamically updated first parameter as input, and a predetermined command; a storage unit that stores a persistent identifier and a dynamically updated second parameter pre-assigned to the device; and a control unit that generates a second hash value using the pre-assigned persistent identifier and the second parameter or the received first parameter as input. The control unit executes the predetermined command when the first hash value and the second hash value match.

[0007] This embodiment provides a method for providing AIoT device identifiers while maintaining high security, which can be used in various use cases involving AIoT.

[0008] This is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system. This is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system in a roaming environment. This is a diagram showing an example of a system configuration that supports the AIoT service in this embodiment. This is sequence diagram (1) showing an example of the operation procedure in the AIoT system of this embodiment. This is sequence diagram (2) showing an example of the operation procedure in the AIoT system of this embodiment. This is sequence diagram (3) showing an example of the operation procedure in the AIoT system of this embodiment. This is sequence diagram (4) showing an example of the operation procedure in the AIoT system of this embodiment. This is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a base station and network node in this embodiment. This is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a terminal in this embodiment. This is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station, terminal and network node in this embodiment. This is a diagram showing an example of the vehicle configuration in this embodiment.

[0009] This embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiments described below are examples, and the embodiments to which the present invention applies are not limited to those described below.

[0010] In the operation of the communication system of this embodiment, existing technologies will be used as appropriate. Existing technologies include, for example, existing communication methods based on the 3GPP standard, such as NR (New Radio) (5G) / 5GC (5G Core network). However, existing technologies are not limited to NR / 5GC, but also include LTE, LTE-Advanced and NR (5G) and later methods, or wireless LAN (Local Area Network).

[0011] In this embodiment, the AIoT device may have functions similar to or some of the functions of a UE (User Equipment). In the following description, the UE may be replaced with the AIoT device. The AIoT device may also be referred to as a device or terminal.

[0012] In this embodiment, "configuring" wireless parameters means either pre-configuring predetermined values, or configuring wireless parameters notified by a network node or UE (AIoT device).

[0013] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system consists of a UE and multiple network nodes. Hereafter, one network node will be assumed to correspond to each function, however, one network node may implement multiple functions, or multiple network nodes may implement one function. Furthermore, the "connection" described below may be a logical connection or a physical connection.

[0014] The RAN (Radio Access Network) is a network node with radio access functionality, which may include a base station 10, and is connected to the UE, AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function), and UPF (User plane function). The AMF is a network node that has functions such as terminating the RAN interface, terminating the NAS (Non-Access Stratum), registration management, connection management, reachability management, and terminal mobility management. The UPF is a network node that interconnects with the DN (Data Network) and has functions related to processing user plane data, such as PDU (Protocol Data Unit) session points to the outside, packet routing and forwarding, and user plane QoS (Quality of Service) handling. The UPF and DN constitute a network slice. In the wireless communication network of this embodiment, multiple network slices are constructed.

[0015] AMF is connected to UE, RAN, SMF (Session Management function), NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function), NEF (Network Exposure Function), NRF (Network Repository Function), UDM (Unified Data Management), AUSF (Authentication Server Function), PCF (Policy Control Function), and AF (Application Function). AMF, SMF, NSSF, NEF, NRF, UDM, AUSF, PCF, and AF are network nodes that are interconnected via interfaces based on their respective services: Namf, Nsmf, Nnssf, Nnef, Nnrf, Nudm, Nausf, Npcf, and Naf.

[0016] SMF is a network node with functions such as session management, IP (Internet Protocol) address allocation and management for UEs, DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) functionality, ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) proxy, and roaming functionality. NEF is a network node with the function of notifying other NFs (Network Functions) of capabilities and events. NSSF is a network node with functions such as selecting the network slice to which the UE connects, determining the allowed NSSAI (Network Slice Selection Assistance Information), determining the NSSAI to be set, and determining the AMF set to which the UE connects. PCF is a network node with the function of controlling network policies. AF is a network node with the function of controlling application servers. NRF is a network node with the function of discovering NF instances that provide services. UDM is a network node that manages subscriber data and authentication data. UDM is connected to UDR (User Data Repository) which holds this data.

[0017] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system in a roaming environment. As shown in Figure 2, the network consists of a UE and multiple network nodes. Hereafter, one network node will be assumed to correspond to each function, however, one network node may implement multiple functions, or multiple network nodes may implement one function. Furthermore, the "connection" described below may be a logical connection or a physical connection.

[0018] The RAN is a network node with wireless access capabilities and is connected to the UE, AMF, and UPF. The AMF is a network node with functions such as RAN interface termination, NAS termination, registration management, connection management, reachability management, and mobility management. The UPF is a network node interconnected with the DN, acting as a PDU session point to the outside world, performing packet routing and forwarding, and handling QoS for the user plane. The UPF and DN constitute a network slice. In this embodiment of the wireless communication network, multiple network slices are constructed.

[0019] As shown in Figure 2, the UE is in a roaming environment connected to the RAN and AMF in the VPLMN (Visited PLMN). The VPLMN and HPLMN (Home PLMN) are connected via vSEPP and hSEPP. The UE can communicate with the HPLMN's UDM, for example, via the VPLMN's AMF.

[0020] In inventory management, one of the use cases for AIoT, it is expected that the presence or absence of goods and materials can be determined in real time based on AIoT device identifier information transmitted by AIoT devices (AIoT tags) in a warehouse.

[0021] 3GPP Rel.19 is considering using a Temporary Identifier (T-ID) for AIoT devices over wireless communication to enhance security in inventory management using AIoT.

[0022] In an AIoT system, an AIoT device that receives an inventory request from the network sends an inventory response containing a T-ID to the network.

[0023] Here, the conventional T-ID is generated using a hash function by the following formula.

[0024] T-ID = F(K, freshness parameter, AIoT device identifier) ​​F is a service-specific hash function that generates the T-ID. K is the key for T-ID generation provisioned to the AIoT device and application function (AF). K is the device credentials or a value derived therefrom. The freshness parameter is a parameter that guarantees the uniqueness and validity period of the T-ID. For example, if the index is used as the freshness parameter, the AIoT device increments the index when the refresh timer expires. The AIoT device identifier is a persistent identifier that uniquely identifies the device.

[0025] Such conventional T-ID-based mechanisms are effective in cases such as paging in AIoT systems where the network side pre-determines the destination. However, in use cases such as inventory management using AIoT, conventional T-ID-based mechanisms may not be applicable.

[0026] Traditional T-IDs are hash values, making it impossible for network nodes to derive the Permanent ID of an AIoT device from the T-ID they receive. For inventory management use cases, a T-ID that allows network nodes to derive the Permanent ID relatively easily should be used.

[0027] According to this embodiment, it is possible to provide a method for providing AIoT device identifiers while maintaining high security, which can be used in various use cases using AIoT.

[0028] Figure 3 shows an example of an AIoT system configuration that supports the AIoT service in this embodiment. As shown in Figure 3, the AIoT system in this embodiment includes an AIoT device 20, a base station / reader 10, an AMF 30, an AIoT NF 40, and a UDM 50.

[0029] The AIoT device 20 is a device that operates with low power consumption and connects to a network to provide specific services. The AIoT device 20 may be a simple device that only responds with its own identifier, or it may have data collection functions that collect environmental data (e.g., temperature, humidity, location information) and object status data using sensors, and data communication functions that send and receive data with a network. The AIoT device 20 may support use cases such as inventory management, asset tracking, logistics optimization, environmental monitoring, smart homes, or automated manufacturing processes. The AIoT device 20 may be, for example, a smart tag attached to goods or assets, a sensor for monitoring temperature, humidity, or atmospheric pressure, a smart meter for measuring energy usage, or a wearable device for collecting user health status and activity data.

[0030] Base station 10 is an example of a reader that relays data communication between the AIoT device 20 and the network (e.g., an AIoT controller or core network).

[0031] The AMF 30 manages the registration process for the AIoT device 20 to the network and supports the authentication of the AIoT device. The AMF 30 routes signals from the AIoT device 20 to the appropriate network component (e.g., AIoT NF 40).

[0032] AIoT NF 40 is a network function within an AIoT system that triggers the acquisition of device information for inventory management and asset tracking. AIoT NF 40 manages the identification and data collection actions of AIoT devices and interacts with the network and application layers.

[0033] In this embodiment, the AIoT NF 40 sends an Inventory request to collect information from the AIoT device 20 and receives an Inventory Response to the Inventory request.

[0034] Figure 3 shows an example configuration in which the base station 10 operates as an AIoT reader, but the UE may also operate as an AIoT reader. In this case, the AIoT device 20 communicates with the network via the UE, which is the AIoT reader.

[0035] Figure 4-7 is a sequence diagram showing an example of the operation of the AIoT system in this embodiment. Although Figure 4-7 shows a series of operations as an example, each or part of the operations in Figure 4-7 may be executed independently.

[0036] In step S101 of Figure 4, the AMF 30A calculates an ephemeral hash value using the target AIoT device's persistent ID and Index for freshness. The ephemeral hash value is calculated, for example, by F(K, freshness parameter, Permanent ID).

[0037] F is a service-specific hash function or cryptographic algorithm.

[0038] K is the key used to generate the temporary identifier (device credentials or keys derived from them).

[0039] The freshness parameter is a parameter that guarantees the uniqueness and validity period of the TempId. The freshness parameter is, for example, an Index for freshness, and may be an index such as a counter or sequence number. The freshness parameter (Index for freshness) is an example of a dynamically updated parameter and may also be called a parameter that changes each time.

[0040] A Permanent ID is an identifier that guarantees the uniqueness of a device. A Permanent ID may be, for example, an EPC (Electronic Product Code), IMEI, MAC address, or an AIoT device-specific ID, or it may be any permanent identifier.

[0041] In step S102, the AMF 30A assigns a 5G-GUTI (5G Globally Unique Temporary Identifier) ​​to the target AIoT device. The 5G-GUTI is an identifier for temporarily identifying the UE in a 5G network. The 5G-GUTI is an example of a device temporary identifier. The 5G-GUTI consists of a PLMN identifier (Public Land Mobile Network Identifier), an AMF identifier that identifies the AMF in the 5G core network managing the device, and device-specific identification information for uniquely identifying the device within the network. Thus, the device temporary identifier is based on the identifier of the AMF 30A and a value that is uniquely determined within the node of the AMF 30A.

[0042] In step S103, the AMF 30A sends an N2 Set TempId message to the base station (leader) 10A. The N2 Set TempId message includes a temporary hash value #1a, 5G-GUTI #1a, and optionally index #1a. The temporary hash value is the hash value calculated in step S101. 5G-GUTI is the 5G-GUTI assigned in step S102. The optionally index is an optional Index for freshness. The N2 Set TempId message includes a command (write command) to cause the AIoT device 20 to write the 5G-GUTI.

[0043] In steps S104-1 and S104-2, base station 10A broadcasts a Set TempId message. The broadcasted Set TempId message includes a temporary hash value #1a, 5G-GUTI#1a, and optionally index#1a.

[0044] In S104-1, the AIoT device 20B receives the broadcast Set TempId message. In S104-2, the AIoT device 20A receives the broadcast Set TempId message.

[0045] In step S105-1, the AIoT device 20B calculates a temporary hash value using the permanent ID and Index for freshness stored in itself (the AIoT device 20B) in advance. The permanent ID in this step is permanent (permanent or fixed) information that uniquely identifies the AIoT device, which is set in advance for the AIoT device 20 (for example, at the time of manufacture or shipment).

[0046] In step S106-1, the AIoT device 20B determines whether the calculated temporary hash value matches the received temporary hash value #1a. If the calculated temporary hash value does not match the received temporary hash value #1a, the AIoT device 20B ignores and does not store the 5G-GUTI #1a. Thus, when the calculated temporary hash value does not match the received temporary hash value #1a, the AIoT device 20B does not execute the write command for the 5G-GUTI.

[0047] In step S105-2, the AIoT device 20A calculates a temporary hash value using its own (the AIoT device 20A) permanent ID and Index for freshness.

[0048] In step S106-2, the AIoT device 20A determines whether the calculated temporary hash value matches the received temporary hash value #1a. If the calculated temporary hash value matches the received temporary hash value #1a, the AIoT device 20A stores the 5G-GUTI #1a. Thus, when the calculated temporary hash value matches the received temporary hash value #1a, the AIoT device 20A executes the write command for the 5G-GUTI.

[0049] In step S107, AIoT NF 40 sends a Namf_Inventory request to AMF 30B. A Namf_Inventory request is an example of an inventory management request.

[0050] In step S108, the AMF 30B sends an N2 Inventory request to the base station (reader) 10B.

[0051] In steps S109-1 and S109-2, base station 10B broadcasts an inventory request. In step S109-1, AIoT device 20C receives the broadcasted inventory request. In step S109-2, AIoT device 20A receives the broadcasted inventory request.

[0052] In step S110, the AIoT device 20C transmits an inventory response to the base station 10B. The inventory response includes 5G-GUTI#2c.

[0053] In step S111, base station 10B transmits the N2 Inventory response, including the received 5G-GUTI#2c, to AMF 30B.

[0054] In step S112, the AMF 30B converts 5G-GUTI#2c to persistent ID#y based on the stored context of the AIoT device.

[0055] In step S113, the AIoT device 20A transmits an Inventory response to the base station 10B. The Inventory response includes 5G-GUTI#1a.

[0056] In step S114, base station 10B transmits the N2 Inventory response, including the received 5G-GUTI#1a, to AMF 30B.

[0057] In step S115, AMF 30B assigns a new Temporary ID 5G-GUTI#2p.

[0058] In step S116, AMF 30B sends a Namf_Context_retrieval request to AMF 30A. The Namf_Context_retrieval request includes 5G-GUTI#1a and 5G-GUTI#2p.

[0059] In step S117, the AMF 30A stores the combination of 5G-GUTI#1a and 5G-GUTI#2p. This allows the AMF 30A to retrieve 5G-GUTI#2p based on 5G-GUTI#1a.

[0060] In step S118, AMF 30A sends a Namf_Context_retrieval response to AMF 30B. The Namf_Context_retrieval response contains the context (persistent ID #x) of the AIoT device corresponding to 5G-GUTI#1a.

[0061] In step S119, the AMF 30B stores the context of the AIoT device corresponding to 5G-GUTI#2p (and persistent ID#x).

[0062] In step S120 of Figure 6, the AMF 30B sends a Namf_Inventory response to the AIoT NF 40. The Namf_Inventory response includes persistent ID #x and persistent ID #y.

[0063] In step S121, AMF 30B sends a Nudm_UECM_Registration request to UDM 50. The Nudm_UECM_Registration request includes a persistent ID #x.

[0064] In step S122, UDM 50 sends a Nudm_UECM_Registration response to AMF 30B.

[0065] In step S123, UDM 50 sends a Nudm_UECM_DeregistrationNotification request to AMF 30A. The Nudm_UECM_DeregistrationNotification request includes a persistent ID #x.

[0066] In step S124, the AMF 30A stores the combination of 5G-GUTI#1a and 5G-GUTI#2p for a predetermined period of time.

[0067] In step S125, the AMF 30A sends a Nudm_UECM_DeregistrationNotification response to the UDM 50.

[0068] In step S126 of Figure 7, the AMF 30B calculates a temporary hash value using the persistent ID#x of the target AIoT device and the new index.

[0069] In step S127, AMF 30B transmits N2 Set TempId to base station 10B. N2 Set TempId includes a temporary hash value #2p, 5G-GUTI#2p, and optionally index#2p.

[0070] In steps S128-1 and S128-2, base station 10B broadcasts a Set TempId message. The broadcasted Set TempId message includes a temporary hash value #2p, 5G-GUTI#2p, and optionally index#2p.

[0071] In S128-1, AIoT device 20C receives the broadcasted Set TempId message. In S128-2, AIoT device 20A receives the broadcasted Set TempId message.

[0072] In step S129-1, the AIoT device 20C calculates a temporary hash value using its own persistent ID and Index for freshness.

[0073] In step S130-1, AIoT device 20C determines whether the calculated temporary hash value matches the received temporary hash value #2p. If the calculated temporary hash value does not match the received temporary hash value #2p, AIoT device 20B ignores and does not store 5G-GUTI#1a.

[0074] In step S129-2, the AIoT device 20A calculates a temporary hash value using its own persistent ID and Index for freshness.

[0075] In step S130-2, the AIoT device 20A determines whether the calculated temporary hash value matches the received temporary hash value #2p. If the calculated temporary hash value matches the received temporary hash value #2p, the AIoT device 20A stores 5G-GUTI#2p.

[0076] According to the embodiments described above, it is possible to provide a method for providing identifiers for AIoT devices while maintaining high security, which can be used in various use cases using AIoT.

[0077] (Device Configuration) Next, an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10, network nodes (AMF30, AIoT NF 40, UDM 50), and AIoT device 20 that perform the processing and operations described above will be explained. The base station 10, network nodes, and AIoT device 20 include the functions that perform the embodiments described above. However, the base station 10, network nodes, and AIoT device 20 may each have only some of the functions in the embodiments.

[0078] <Base Station and Network Nodes> Figure 8 shows an example of the functional configuration of a base station 10 and network nodes (AMF30, AIoT NF 40, UDM 50). As shown in Figure 8, the base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in Figure 8 is just one example. The functional classifications and names of the functional units can be anything as long as they can perform the operation according to this embodiment. Network nodes may have the same functional configuration as the base station 10. Also, network nodes with multiple different functions on the system architecture may be composed of multiple network nodes separated by function.

[0079] The transmitting unit 110 includes the function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the AIoT device 20 or other network node and transmitting the signal by wire or wireless. The receiving unit 120 includes the function of receiving various signals transmitted from the AIoT device 20 or other network node and obtaining information from the received signal, for example, information from a higher layer. A communication unit including the transmitting unit 110 and the receiving unit 120 may be configured.

[0080] The setting unit 130 stores pre-configured setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the AIoT device 20 in a storage device, and reads it from the storage device as needed.

[0081] The control unit 140 performs the processes described in the embodiment. The control unit 140 also performs processing related to communication with the AIoT device 20. The signal transmission function in the control unit 140 may be included in the transmission unit 110, and the signal reception function in the control unit 140 may be included in the reception unit 120.

[0082] <AIoT Device> Figure 9 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the AIoT device 20. As shown in Figure 9, the AIoT device 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Figure 9 is just one example. Any functional classification and functional unit names are acceptable as long as they enable the operation according to this embodiment.

[0083] The transmitting unit 210 creates a transmission signal from the transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiving unit 220 wirelessly receives various signals and obtains signals from higher layers from the received physical layer signals. The receiving unit 220 also has the function of receiving control signals or reference signals transmitted from network nodes. A communication unit including the transmitting unit 210 and the receiving unit 220 may be configured.

[0084] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received from network nodes by the receiving unit 220 in a storage device and reads it from the storage device as needed. The setting unit 230 also stores pre-configured setting information.

[0085] The control unit 240 performs the processing described in the embodiment. The signal transmission function in the control unit 240 may be included in the transmission unit 210, and the signal reception function in the control unit 240 may be included in the reception unit 220.

[0086] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagrams (Figures 8 and 9) used in the description of the above embodiments show functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0087] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, assumption, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0088] For example, the base station 10, network node, AIoT device 20, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 10 and AIoT device 20 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The network node may have a hardware configuration similar to that of the base station 10. The base station 10 and AIoT device 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0089] In the following explanation, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the AIoT device 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured to omit some of the devices.

[0090] Each function in the base station 10 and the AIoT device 20 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of the reading and writing of data in the storage device 1002 and the auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0091] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may consist of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, the control unit 140, control unit 240, etc., described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0092] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, or data from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002, and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes a computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above-described embodiment. For example, the control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown in Figure 8 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated by the processor 1001. Also, for example, the control unit 240 of the AIoT device 20 shown in Figure 9 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated by the processor 1001. Although the above-described processes have been explained as being executed by one processor 1001, they may be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The program may be transmitted from the network via a telecommunications line.

[0093] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: ROM (Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), RAM (Random Access Memory), etc. The storage device 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing a communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0094] The auxiliary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: an optical disc such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital multipurpose disk, a Blu-ray® disk), a smart card, flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy® disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The above-mentioned storage medium may also be a database, server, or other suitable medium that includes at least one of the storage device 1002 and the auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0095] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the transmitting and receiving antenna, amplifier section, transmitting and receiving section, transmission path interface, etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting and receiving section may be implemented in a physically or logically separated manner, with a transmitting section and a receiving section.

[0096] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, LED lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0097] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0098] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the AIoT device 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a PLD (Programmable Logic Device), and an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and some or all of each functional block may be realized by such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0099] Figure 11 shows an example of the configuration of vehicle 2001. As shown in Figure 11, vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on vehicle 2001, for example, to the communication module 2013.

[0100] The drive unit 2002 consists of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel, which is operated by the user.

[0101] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and communication ports (IO ports) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 installed in the vehicle 2001 are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0102] Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 include current signals from current sensor 2021 for sensing motor current, front and rear wheel rotation speed signals acquired by rotation speed sensor 2022, front and rear wheel air pressure signals acquired by air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depression signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depression signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 2026, shift lever operation signals acquired by shift lever sensor 2027, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0103] The Information Service Unit 2012 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Service Unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The Information Service Unit 2012 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) and output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0104] The driver assistance system unit 2030 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System)), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0105] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via its communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 sends and receives data via the communication port 2033 between the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, the microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021-29 provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0106] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station or a mobile station.

[0107] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 2021-2028 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, the information service unit 2012, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include the information based on the above input.

[0108] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013). The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from the external device in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021-2029, etc., provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0109] <Note> (Note 1) A device comprising: a receiving unit that receives a message from a first node including a persistent identifier for a device, a first hash value generated using a dynamically updated first parameter as input, and a predetermined command; a storage unit that stores a persistent identifier and a dynamically updated second parameter pre-assigned to the device; and a control unit that generates a second hash value using the pre-assigned persistent identifier and the second parameter or the received first parameter as input, wherein the control unit executes the predetermined command when the first hash value and the second hash value match.

[0110] (Note 2) The device according to Note 1, wherein the predetermined command is a write command including a device provisional identifier, and the control unit stores the device provisional identifier in the storage unit when the first hash value and the second hash value match.

[0111] (Appendix 3) The device according to Appendix 2, wherein the provisional device identifier is generated based on the identifier of the second node and a value uniquely determined within the second node.

[0112] (Appendix 4) The device according to Appendix 2, wherein the receiving unit further comprises a transmitting unit that receives an inventory management request message from the first node and transmits a response message to the first node that includes the stored provisional device identifier.

[0113] (Appendix 5) The device described in Appendix 3, wherein the device is an AIoT (Ambient Internet of Things) device, the first node is an AIoT reader, and the second node is a network node.

[0114] (Appendix 6) A network node comprising: a control unit that assigns a provisional device identifier to a device based on the identifier of the network node and a value uniquely determined within the network node; and a transmission unit that transmits a message to a reader including a hash value generated with the device's persistent identifier and variable parameters as input, and the provisional device identifier.

[0115] In any of the appendices 1-6, this embodiment provides a method for providing AIoT device identifiers that maintain high security and support various use cases using AIoT.

[0116] (Supplement to Embodiments) Although these embodiments have been described above, the disclosed invention is not limited to these embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, substitutions, etc. Specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, but unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention, and matters described in two or more items may be combined as needed, and matters described in one item may be applied to matters described in another item (as long as they do not contradict each other). The boundaries of functional units or processing units in the functional block diagram do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries of physical parts. The operation of multiple functional units may be physically performed by one part, or the operation of one functional unit may be physically performed by multiple parts. The processing procedures described in the embodiments may be rearranged as long as they do not contradict each other. For the convenience of explaining the processing, the base station 10 and the AIoT device 20 have been described using functional block diagrams, but such devices may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 according to this embodiment and the software operated by the processor of the AIoT device 20 according to this embodiment may be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, registers, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server, or any other suitable storage medium.

[0117] Furthermore, notification of information is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, notification of information may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information)), upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, MAC (Medium Access Control) signaling), broadcast information (MIB (Master Information Block), SIB (System Information Block)), other signals, or combinations thereof. Also, RRC signaling may be called RRC messages, and may be, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc.

[0118] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure refers to LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 may apply to at least one system utilizing UWB (Ultra-WideBand), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate systems, and to next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon. Alternatively, multiple systems may be applied in combination (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0119] The processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be reordered, provided they are consistent with each other. For example, the methods described herein present various step elements in an exemplary order and are not limited to that specific order.

[0120] In this specification, specific operations performed by the base station 10 may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station 10, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with the AIoT device 20 can be performed by the base station 10 and at least one of the other network nodes (for example, an MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides the base station 10, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW).

[0121] The information or signals described in this disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or lower layer) to a lower layer (or higher layer). They may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0122] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be transmitted to other devices.

[0123] The determination in this disclosure may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (true or false), or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0124] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0125] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or digital subscriber line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0126] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0127] In addition, terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may be a signal (signaling). Also, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0128] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable.

[0129] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a given value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by an index.

[0130] The names used for the parameters described above are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, the formulas and other expressions using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0131] In this disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "wireless base station", "base station equipment", "fixed station", "NodeB", "eNodeB (eNB)", "gNodeB (gNB)", "access point", "transmission point", "reception point", "transmission / reception point", "cell", "sector", "cell group", "carrier", and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0132] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station accommodates multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a Remote Radio Head (RRH)). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0133] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform control or operation based on the information.

[0134] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0135] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or several other appropriate terms.

[0136] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to a movable object, and its speed of movement is arbitrary. This also includes the case when the mobile body is stationary. The mobile body includes, but is not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items mounted on them. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operation commands. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile body (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Furthermore, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0137] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), etc.). In this case, the terminal may have the functions that the base station has as described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as side channel.

[0138] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal described above.

[0139] As used in this disclosure, the terms “determining” and “determining” may encompass a wide variety of actions. “Determining” may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), or ascertaining. “Determining” may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, or accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory). Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering something as having been "judged" or "decided" after resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering something as having been "judged" or "decided" after some action. Also, "judgment (decision)" can be reinterpreted as "assuming," "expecting," or "considering."

[0140] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variation thereof, mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be reinterpreted as “access.” As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” with each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, in some non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0141] The reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal), and may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0142] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0143] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0144] In the configuration of each of the above devices, "means" may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0145] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0146] In this disclosure, if articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0147] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0148] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during implementation. Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., notification that "X is") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be implicit (e.g., by not providing such notification).

[0149] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the intent and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the descriptions in the present disclosure are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way.

[0150] This patent application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-224582, filed on 19 December 2024, and the entire contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-224582 are incorporated herein by reference.

[0151] 10 Base station 110 Transmitting unit 120 Receiving unit 130 Setting unit 140 Control unit 20 Terminal 210 Transmitting unit 220 Receiving unit 230 Setting unit 240 Control unit 30 Network node 1001 Processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering unit 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift lever 2007 Front wheel 2008 Rear wheel 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic control unit 2012 Information service unit 2013 Communication module 2021 Current sensor 2022 Rotation speed sensor 2023 Air pressure sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object detection sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driver assistance system unit 2031 Microprocessor 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port (I / O port)

Claims

1. A device comprising: a receiving unit that receives a message from a first node including a persistent identifier for a device, a first hash value generated using a dynamically updated first parameter as input, and a predetermined command; a storage unit that stores a persistent identifier and a dynamically updated second parameter pre-assigned to the device; and a control unit that generates a second hash value using the pre-assigned persistent identifier and the second parameter or the received first parameter as input, wherein the control unit executes the predetermined command when the first hash value and the second hash value match.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined command is a write command including a device provisional identifier, and the control unit stores the device provisional identifier in the storage unit when the first hash value and the second hash value match.

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the provisional device identifier is generated based on the identifier of the second node and a value uniquely determined within the second node.

4. The device according to claim 2, wherein the receiving unit further comprises a transmitting unit that receives an inventory management request message from the first node and transmits a response message to the first node that includes the stored provisional device identifier.

5. The device according to claim 3, wherein the device is an AIoT (Ambient Internet of Things) device, the first node is an AIoT reader, and the second node is a network node.

6. A network node comprising: a control unit that assigns a provisional device identifier to a device based on the identifier of the network node and a value uniquely determined within the network node; and a transmission unit that sends a message to a reader including a hash value generated from inputs of the device's persistent identifier and variable parameters, and the provisional device identifier.

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