Strengthened cross body

Abstract

The present invention relates to a strengthened cross body. In particular, the present invention relates to the strengthening of the cross body by a design approach that optimizes stress distribution and reduces the risk of deformation.

Description

[0001] STRENGTHENED CROSS BODY

[0002] Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to a strengthened cross body.

[0004] In particular, the present invention relates to the strengthening of the cross body by a design approach that optimizes stress distribution and reduces the risk of deformation.

[0005] State of the Art

[0006] The joint cross, which is one of the basic elements of the fixed joint and sliding joint groups used to change the angle and perform sliding movements in the driveshafts, generally comprises a body and four arms extending from this body at right angles. This structure becomes a part of the movable joint group by being assembled with bearings placed at the ends of the arms.

[0007] When the design of the cross bodies used in current applications is examined, it is observed that the upper and lower surfaces are flat, and the body thickness (L) is generally greater than the diameter of the arms (D) (L > D) (Figure 4). Although this design approach provides a certain strength to the cross body, if the cross body is subjected to a loading exceeding the design torque value during operation, the deformations and fractures that occur are mostly concentrated in the bottom areas where the arms meet the body and between the two arms. Especially in driveshafts operating under high torque, stress concentrations occurring in these areas of the cross body emerge as one of the main factors limiting the durability of the component.

[0008] When the driveshaft is loaded beyond the design torque value, as a result of stress concentrations, current cross body designs experience fracture problems that shorten the operating life of the drive shafts. The localization of the stress concentration in the regions between the two arms leads to plastic deformation or crack formation in these regions, causing the cross body to lose its function over time. This situation becomes more evident, especially in driveshafts operating under high torque and impact loads and negatively affects the reliability and performance of the system.

[0009] Among the known technical solutions, there are some methods used to increase the durability of the cross body. For example, approaches such as turning to high-strength steel alloys in material selection or applying surface hardening processes aim to increase mechanical performance. However, these methods do not completely eliminate the source of stress concentrations, and it is understood that such superficial or material- oriented improvements are not sufficient.

[0010] Another known technical solution is to optimize the geometry of the cross body. However, current geometric changes generally focus on increasing the overall thickness of the body or increasing the diameter of the arms. Such approaches can negatively impact the weight performance of drive shafts by increasing the weight of the component. Furthermore, such modifications generally aim to increase strength only by creating a thicker structure rather than homogenizing the stress distribution and offer a limited effect on optimizing stress flow.

[0011] As a result, the cross bodies used in the state of the art face deformation and fracture problems due to stress concentrations at loadings above the design torque under operating conditions under torque. Existing solutions can only partially address these problems and in many cases can have negative effects on the overall performance of the system. The invention offers an innovative solution to known technical problems by increasing the durability of the cross body with a design approach that optimizes stress distribution and reduces the risk of deformation.

[0012] As a result of the research made on the subject, document No TR2021 / 004508 is encountered. TR2021 / 004508 relates to a weight-optimized cross model that provides weight reduction (unloading) in vehicles without the need for any additional processes for stress distribution area and federated durable area construction with any strengthening in areas where the stress on the part is high.

[0013] As a result, due to the abovementioned disadvantages and the insufficiency of the current solutions regarding the subject matter, a development is required to be made in the relevant technical field.

[0014] Object of the Invention

[0015] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages and it is inspired by the current situation

[0016] The main object of the present invention is to present a new high strength cross body design that provides a solution to the deformation and fracture problems frequently encountered in existing cross bodies when loading above the design torque value. In this regard, the new cross body is designed to reduce stress concentrations in the areas between the arms and to distribute the stress flow more homogeneously throughout the body. In the invention, a stress reducing form is created between consecutive arms on the upper surface of the body. This stress-reducing form relaxes the stress flow on the cross and reduces the stress concentration in areas at risk of fracture. Thus, a more balanced stress distribution spreading over the entire body instead of only localized stress regions was obtained. This approach increases the strength of the component and contributes to the overall durability of the drive shafts.

[0017] In the invention, material is partially removed from the lower and upper surfaces of the body in order to prevent increased weight. As a result of this process, a discharge form was created on the body. The discharge form not only reduces weight but also allows the body design to be optimized. The stress reducing form is positioned within this discharge form, symmetrically distributed on four arms. Thus, the symmetry achieved in the invention contributes to the component providing a balanced and consistent stress flow.

[0018] The geometry of said stress reducing form is designed as a half-moon shape. This form has the capacity to effectively direct and relieve stress flow. The half-moon form reduces stress concentration and provides strength optimization without increasing body weight. The uniform application of the design on all four arms plays an important role in improving the performance of the cross body.

[0019] As a result, the invention offers an innovative structure that minimizes the risks of fracture and deformation in the cross body, distributes the stress flow homogeneously throughout the body and includes weight optimization. This structure increases the durability of the driveshafts and ensures that performance exceeds existing techniques during production and especially during using such as overloading exceeding the design torque.

[0020] To fulfill the objectives described above, the invention is a cross body, which is used in an assembly of a joint group of a driveshaft, with an optimized geometric structure that ensures high strength, wherein the cross body is equipped with four cross arms, each cross arm is positioned at an angle of 90° to each other on the cross body, and has a structure suitable for mounting bearings thereon, comprising: • concave designed interarm radius that provide connection between the cross arms, optimized to regulate stress flow and minimize deformation,

[0021] • a discharge form created by partially removing material from upper and lower surfaces of the cross body,

[0022] • a stress reducing form, positioned symmetrically between two consecutive cross arms on one of surfaces to which the discharge form is applied, and created to regulate stress flow in areas with a high risk of fracture, and comprising: o two radiuses, namely stress reducing form - inner radius and stress reducing form - outer radius, wherein there is a ratio of R2>R3 x 1.10 between the stress reducing form - stress reducing form of inner radius - inner radius value and the stress reducing form - stress reducing form of outer radius - outer radius value.

[0023] In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the wall thickness in the areas where the discharge form is applied is 12% lower than the cross body thickness.

[0024] The structural and characteristic features of the present invention will be understood clearly by the following drawings and the detailed description made with reference to these drawings and therefore the evaluation shall be made by taking these figures and the detailed description into consideration.

[0025] Figures that will help to Understand the Invention

[0026] Figure 1 is the perspective view of the cross body which is the subject of the invention.

[0027] Figure 2 is the top view of the cross body which is the subject of the invention.

[0028] Figure 3 is the section view of the cross body which is the subject of the invention.

[0029] Figure 4 is the cross-sectional view of the cross body and bearings used in the state of the art.

[0030] Figure 5a shows the flow lines across the cross body used in the state of the art. (Shown on a quarter piece of the body.)

[0031] Figure 5b shows the flow lines across the cross body which is the subject of the invention. (Shown on a quarter piece of the body.)

[0032] Description of the Part References

[0033] 1 Cross body 1 1 Interarm radius

[0034] 12 Body thickness

[0035] 2 Cross arm

[0036] 21 Cross arm diameter

[0037] 3 Stress reducing form

[0038] 31 Stress reducing form - inner radius

[0039] 32 Stress reducing form - outer radius

[0040] 4 Discharge form

[0041] 41 Discharge area wall thickness

[0042] D1 Cross arm diameter value

[0043] D2 Body thickness value

[0044] D3 Discharge area wall thickness value

[0045] R1 Interarm radius value

[0046] R2 Stress reducing form - inner radius value

[0047] R3 Stress reducing form - outer radius value

[0048] Detailed Description of the Invention

[0049] In this detailed description, the preferred embodiments of the strengthened cross body are described solely for the purpose of a better understanding of the subject matter.

[0050] This invention comprises a strengthened structure to increase the strengthening of the cross body (1 ) used in the joint group assembly of the driveshaft. The invention comprises a detailed definition of optimized geometric forms to prevent deformations and fractures occurring in the cross body (1 ), especially in cases of loading above the design torque.

[0051] The cross body (1 ) comprises four cross arms (2) positioned at an angle of 90°to each other and on which bearings are mounted. The interarm radius (11 ) between the cross arms (2) that provide the connection between the same are designed as concave, and these radiuses are optimized to relieve stress flow and minimize deformation. This design ensures that the stress flow is distributed homogeneously in the interarm radius (11 ), as seen in Figure 5b.

[0052] The discharge form (4) is obtained by partially removing material from the upper and lower surfaces of the cross body (1 ). This discharge form (4) makes it possible to maintain or even increase the desired strength values without increasing the weight of the body. The wall thickness (41 ) resulting from the discharge form (4) is 12% lower than the cross body thickness (12). This feature is designed to provide a balance between lightness and strength. As seen in Figure 3, the discharge area wall thickness value (D3) is lower than the body thickness value (D2).

[0053] On one of the surfaces where the discharge form (4) is applied, there is a stress reducing form (3) positioned between two consecutive cross arms (2). The stress reducing form (3) is created to regulate the stress flow in areas where the risk of fracture is high. This form comprises two parts: stress reducing form - inner radius (31 ) and stress reducing form - outer radius (32). These two radiuses are designed proportionally to each other and are optimized in accordance with the ratio R2 > R3 x 1.10, where stress reducing form - inner radius value (R2); stress reducing form - outer radius value (R3). This ratio minimizes local stress by spreading the stress flow over a wider area.

[0054] The stress reducing form (3) is placed symmetrically between the four cross arms (2). This symmetrical layout increases the overall balance and durability of the body. The geometry of the stress reducing form (3) is designed as a half-moon shape, and this shape has the feature of directing the stress flow without interrupting the same.

[0055] The strengthened cross body, which is the subject of the invention, provides high strength, low weight and long-lasting use in the driveshaft system with optimized interarm radius (1 1 ), discharge form (4) and stress reducing form (3). This structure offers significant technical advantages compared to traditional cross bodies by significantly reducing deformation and fractures.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A cross body (1 ), which is used in an assembly of a joint group of a driveshaft, with an optimized geometric structure that ensures high strength, wherein the cross body (1 ) is equipped with four cross arms (2), each cross arm (2) is positioned at an angle of 90° to each other on t he cross body (1 ), and has a structure suitable for mounting bearings thereon, characterized by comprising:• concave designed interarm radius (1 1 ) that provide connection between the cross arms (2), optimized to regulate stress flow and minimize deformation,• a discharge form (4) created by partially removing material from upper and lower surfaces of the cross body (1 ),• a stress reducing form (3), positioned symmetrically between two consecutive cross arms (2) on one of surfaces to which the discharge form (4) is applied, and created to regulate stress flow in areas with a high risk of fracture, and comprising: o two radiuses, namely stress reducing form - inner radius (31 ) and stress reducing form - outer radius (32), wherein there is a ratio of R2>R3 x 1.10 between the stress reducing form - stress reducing form of inner radius (31 ) - inner radius value (R2) and the stress reducing form - stress reducing form of outer radius (32) - outer radius value (R3).

2. The cross body (1 ) according to claim 1 , characterized in that wall thickness (41 ) in areas where the discharge form (4) is applied is 12% lower than the cross body thickness (12).

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