Curable two-part (METH) acrylate-based adhesives
The curable two-part (meth) acrylate adhesive composition addresses the structural weakness of polyurethane foaming compounds by forming strong bonds with urethane adhesives, achieving structural adhesive strength and low density through a unique formulation that cures at room temperature.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing polyurethane foaming potting compounds used in battery packs lack structural adhesive strength and are affected by environmental factors, leading to weak interfaces when used with structural adhesives.
A curable two-part (meth) acrylate adhesive composition comprising a curative part with a free radical initiator and isocyanate-functional oligomer, and a resin part with free radically polymerizable synthon, hydroxyl-functional compound, and amine reducing agent, which cures at room temperature and forms a structural adhesive bond even when adjacent to uncured or partially cured urethane adhesives.
The (meth) acrylate adhesive composition provides structural adhesive strength and low density, overcoming the limitations of polyurethane foaming compounds by forming strong bonds with urethane adhesives, reducing density through low-density fillers, and eliminating the need for higher viscosity pre-made urethane-acrylate.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024141836_02072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
CURABLE TWO-PART (METH) ACRYLATE-BASED ADHESIVESSummary
[0001] Disclosed herein are curable two-part adhesives, curable two-part adhesives that cure even when disposed adjacent to an uncured or partially cured two-part urethane adhesive or potting compound, and articles that contain the curable two-part adhesives.
[0002] In some embodiments, the two-part curable adhesive composition comprises Part A: a curative part comprising at least one free radical initiator and at least one isocyanate-functional oligomer, and Part B: a resin part comprising at least one free radically polymerizable synthon, at least one hydroxyl-functional compound, and at least one amine reducing agent. The two-part adhesive compositions, upon mixing cures at room temperature to form a structural adhesive bond. In some embodiments, the free radically polymerizable synthon is a (meth) acrylate or mixture of (meth) acrylates.
[0003] In some embodiments, the two-part curable adhesive composition that cures even when disposed adjacent to an uncured or partially cured two-part urethane adhesive or potting compound, comprises Part A: a curative part comprising at least one free radical initiator and at least one isocyanate-functional oligomer, and Part B: a resin part comprising at least one free radically polymerizable synthon, at least one hydroxyl-functional compound, and at least one amine reducing agent. The two-part adhesive composition, upon mixing cures at room temperature to form a structural adhesive bond, and the curing of the two-part adhesive composition occurs even if the mixed two-part adhesive composition is placed adjacent to an uncured or partially cured two-part curing urethane adhesive or potting compound.
[0004] Also disclosed are articles. In some embodiments, the articles comprise a first surface, a first curable adhesive composition comprising a room temperature curing two-part adhesive composition formed by mixing a two-part adhesive composition, wherein the first curable adhesive composition is disposed on at least a portion of the first surface and the first curable adhesive composition cures to form a cured layer on the first surface. The two-part adhesive compositions are described above. In some embodiments, the articles further comprise a second surface, where at least a portion of the second surface is disposed on the first curable adhesive composition, wherein the second surface comprises a substrate surface or the surface of a second curable adhesive composition comprising a two-part room temperature curing two-part adhesive composition formed by mixing a two-part adhesive composition, where the second curable adhesive composition is disposed adjacent to or atop the first curable adhesive composition. The second curable adhesive composition comprises a two-part urethane adhesive or potting composition.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0005] The present application may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the disclosure in connection with the accompanying drawings.
[0006] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an article of this disclosure.
[0007] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of another article of this disclosure.
[0008] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of yet another article of this disclosure.Detailed Description
[0009] Potting compounds are widely used in a variety of industries, including the electronics industry. In electronics manufacturing and assembly, potting materials are compounds that can fill and seal cavities in electronic assemblies. By doing so, potting compounds protect components from vibration and shock. Potting compounds can also protect devices from moisture, dust, and other contaminants that could cause corrosion or electrical failures. A range of potting compounds is available to address the unique needs of different devices, the environments in which users will operate the electronic device, and provide other special features such as flame retardance, thermal insulation and the like. Among the commonly used classes of potting compounds are polyurethanes, polyepoxides, and polysiloxanes. Polyurethanes are particularly common. Among the particularly suitable polyurethanes are self-foaming polyurethane foams. These are particularly suitable because the polyurethane foams have a lower density and thus add less weight, and the foam can also provide thermal insulation.
[0010] One application requiring low density and thermally insulating potting compounds is the area of batteries, especially batteries for electric vehicles. Typically, the structural battery packs of electric vehicles are held together with potting compounds. If a self-foaming polyurethane foam is used, a downside is that these potting compounds do not have structural adhesive strength. Also, the urethane potting resin has the disadvantage that the foaming process is largely affected by many factors such as resin viscosity, temperature and moisture content in the environment. In these embodiments, a structural adhesive can be used in conjunction with potting compounds to bond the battery pack together on the cell top which makes the battery pack more structurally sound.
[0011] In applications that utilize a polyurethane foam potting layer adjacent to a structural adhesive layer can have issues, because the structural adhesive layer has to be applied to the incompletely cured polyurethane layer. Since the polyurethane layer and the structural adhesive typically are both two-part room temperature curing compositions and are dispensed adjacent to each other, the compositions need to be able to co-cure. By this it is meant that the two curable compositions must be able to cure and form a strong interface. If a weak interface is formed between the two layers, the structural soundness of the battery pack is compromised.
[0012] In this disclosure, curable two-part (meth) acrylate adhesives are described in which the curative portion of the two-part adhesive contains at least one free radical initiator and at least one isocyanate-functional oligomer, and the resin part contains at least one free radically polymerizable synthon, at least one hydroxyl-functional compound, and at least one amine reducing agent. The curable two-part adhesive compositions, upon mixing, cures at room temperature to form a structural adhesive bond. Additionally, these curable two-part (meth) acrylate adhesive compositions cures at room temperature to form a structural adhesive bond, even when the mixed two-part adhesive composition is placed adjacent to an uncured or partially cured two-part curing urethane adhesive or potting compound.
[0013] Not only do the two-part curable (meth) acrylate adhesives cure when disposed adjacent to a curable polyurethane, but also can be used alone to form a low density structural adhesive. In other words, the two-part curable (meth) acrylate adhesive can function as both a structural adhesive and a potting resin by adding low density fillers such as glass bubbles or polymer bubbles. (Meth) acrylate monomers typically have a relatively low viscosity permitting the addition of a large amount of the bubbles to give the cured composition a lower density. Isocyanate-functional materials added in one part and polyols or hydroxyl containing free radical curable compounds such as HEMA (hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate) , HEA (hydroxyl ethyl acrylate) , and HPMA (2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) into the (meth) acrylic monomer part, permitting the formulation in situ of a urethane- (meth) acrylate during the resin curing process. This in situ generation of a urethane- (meth) acrylate reduces the cost and eliminates the need for using a higher viscosity pre-made urethane- (meth) acrylate, while still obtaining the advantages of having a urethane- (meth) acrylate within the cured matrix while still being able to add high levels of low-density bubbles to reduce the density of the potting resin at the same time.
[0014] The term “adhesive” as used herein refers to polymeric compositions useful to adhere together two adherends. Examples of adhesives are structural adhesives.
[0015] Structural adhesives refer to adhesives that that can bond other high strength materials (e.g., wood, composites, or metal) so that the adhesive bond strength is in excess of 7.0 MPa (1000 psi) .
[0016] The terms “urethane-based” describe adhesive and potting compositions that contain curable isocyanate compositions (isocyanates and polyols) .
[0017] The term “ (meth) acrylate” refers to monomeric acrylic or methacrylic esters of alcohols. Acrylate and methacrylate monomers or oligomers are referred to collectively herein as " (meth) acrylates” . Materials referred to as “ (meth) acrylate functional” are materials that contain one or more (meth) acrylate groups. Materials that are “ (meth) acrylate-based” contain one or more (meth) acrylates such that the one or more (meth) acrylates form a majority of the composition.
[0018] The terms "room temperature" and "ambient temperature" are used interchangeably to mean temperatures in the range of 20℃ to 25℃.
[0019] The terms “Tg” and “glass transition temperature” are used interchangeably. If measured, Tg values are determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) at a scan rate of 10℃ / minute, unless otherwise indicated. Typically, Tg values for copolymers are not measured but are calculated using the well-known Fox Equation, using the monomer Tg values provided by the monomer supplier, as is understood by one of skill in the art.
[0020] The term “adjacent” as used herein when referring to two layers means that the two layers are in proximity with one another with no intervening open space between them. They may be in direct contact with one another (e.g. laminated together) or there may be intervening layers.
[0021] The terms “polymer” and “macromolecule” are used herein consistent with their common usage in chemistry. Polymers and macromolecules are composed of many repeated subunits. As used herein, the term “macromolecule” is used to describe a group attached to a monomer that has multiple repeating units. The term “polymer” is used to describe the resultant material formed from a polymerization reaction.
[0022] The term “alkyl” refers to a monovalent group that is a radical of an alkane, which is a saturated hydrocarbon. The alkyl can be linear, branched, cyclic, or combinations thereof and typically has 1 to 20 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1 to 18, 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples ofalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, and ethylhexyl.
[0023] The term “aryl” refers to a monovalent group that is aromatic and carbocyclic. The aryl can have one to five rings that are connected to or fused to the aromatic ring. The other ring structures can be aromatic, non-aromatic, or combinations thereof. Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, anthryl, naphthyl, acenaphthyl, anthraquinonyl, phenanthryl, anthracenyl, pyrenyl, perylenyl, and fluorenyl.
[0024] The term “alkylene” refers to a divalent group that is a radical of an alkane. The alkylene can be straight-chained, branched, cyclic, or combinations thereof. The alkylene often has 1 to 20 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the alkylene contains 1 to 18, 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The radical centers of the alkylene can be on the same carbon atom (i.e., an alkylidene) or on different carbon atoms.
[0025] The term “arylene” refers to a divalent group that is carbocyclic and aromatic. The group has one to five rings that are connected, fused, or combinations thereof. The other rings can be aromatic, non-aromatic, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the arylene group has up to 5 rings, up to 4 rings, up to 3 rings, up to 2 rings, or one aromatic ring. For example, the arylene group can be phenylene.
[0026] The terms “alkoxy” and “aryloxy” refer to groups of the type -O-R, where R is an alkyl or aryl group.
[0027] The term “heteroalkylene” refers to a divalent group that includes at least two alkylene groups connected by a thio, oxy, or -NR-where R is alkyl. The heteroalkylene can be linear, branched, cyclic, substituted with alkyl groups, or combinations thereof. Some heteroalkylenes are poloxyyalkylenes where the heteroatom is oxygen such as for example, -CH2CH2 (OCH2CH2) nOCH2CH2-.
[0028] The terms “free radically polymerizable” and “ethylenically unsaturated” are used interchangeably and refer to a reactive group which contains a carbon-carbon double bond which is able to be polymerized via a free radical polymerization mechanism.
[0029] Disclosed herein are two-part curable (meth) acrylate-based adhesive compositions. In some embodiments, the curable two-part adhesive compositions comprise a Part A a curative part and a Part B a resin part. In some embodiments, the Part A curative part comprises at least one free radical initiator and at least one isocyanate-functional oligomer, and the Part B resin part comprises at least one free radically polymerizable synthon, at least one hydroxyl-functional compound, and at least one amine reducing agent. The two-part adhesive composition, upon mixing cures at room temperature to form a structural adhesive bond.
[0030] The Part A of the curable two-part (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition comprises at least one free radical initiator. Since the adhesive composition cures at room temperature, a thermally activated free radical initiator is typically not used. Likewise, because the adhesive composition can be used in a wide range of situations where it may not be convenient or even possible to expose the composition to actinic radiation, typically photoinitiators are likewise not used. In many embodiments the free radical initiator uses a redox reaction (that is to say the combination of a reducing agent and an oxidizing agent) to produce free radicals. In some embodiments, the redox system comprises a peroxide (oxidizing agent) initiator and an amine (reducing agent) . Representative oxidizing agents include, without limitation, organic peroxides, such as benzoyl peroxide and other diacyl peroxides, hydroperoxides such as cumene hydroperoxide, peresters such as β-butylperoxybenzoate; ketone hydroperoxides such as methyl ethyl ketone hydroperoxide. Examples of suitable reducing agents (located in Part B) include tertiary amines such as DMA (N, N-dimethyl aniline) , Other representative reducing agents include, without limitation, sulfinic acids; azo compounds such as azoisobutyric acid dinitrile; alpha-aminosulfones such as bis (tolysulfonmethyl) -benzyl amine; tertiary amines such as diisopropanol-p-toluidine (DIIPT) , dimethyl aniline, p-halogenated aniline derivatives and dimethyl-p-toluidine; and aminealdehyde condensation products, for example, the condensation products of aliphatic aldehydes such as butyraldehyde with primary amines such as aniline or butylamine. A particularly suitable oxidizing agent / reducing agent combination is benzoyl peroxide / DMA (N, N-dimethyl aniline) .
[0031] The Part A of the curable two-part (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition comprises at least one isocyanate-functional oligomer. In some embodiments the at least one isocyanate-functional oligomer is of compound of Formula 1:
[0032] A- (NCO) n
[0033] Formula 1
[0034] where A is am n-valent hydrocarbon group, and
[0035] n is an integer of 2 or greater. Particularly suitable are polyol-extended isocyanate terminated oligomers.
[0036] In some embodiments, Part A may further comprise an epoxy resin. The epoxy resin can polymerize at the same time that free radical polymerization to cure the curable adhesive is occurring. The epoxy resin can homopolymerize in the presence of the amine reducing agent of Part B that can also act as an amine catalyst, it can react with acid-functional or hydroxyl-functional compounds of Part B, or a combination of these reaction mechanisms can occur. Typically, the reaction of epoxy with acid or hydroxy groups is slower than the free radical polymerization. The cured epoxy resin can add stiffness to the cured adhesive composition and can also improve adhesion to polar substrates such as metal substrates.
[0037] Examples of suitable epoxy resins include: a liquid diglycidyl ether ofbisphenol F; a liquid diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A; a liquid epoxy novolac resin, a liquid aliphatic epoxy resin, a liquid cycloaliphatic epoxy resin; 1, 4-cyclohexandimethanoldiglycidylether; 3, 4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3, 4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate; tetraglycidylmethylenedianiline; N, N, N′, N′-tetraglycidyl-4, 4′-methylenebisbenzenamine; triglycidyls of para-aminophenol, N, N, N′, N′-tetraglycidyl-m-xylenediamine; and combinations thereof. Particularly suitable epoxy resins include the DGEBA (di-glycidyl ether of bisphenol A) resin EPON 828 and the aliphatic triglycidyl ether HELOXY 48 from Hexion Specialty Chemicals, Louisville, KY. Also the epoxy can be the core-shell rubber nanoparticle modified epoxy such as MX 257, MX 120 and MX 154, and the like from Kaneka.
[0038] The curable two-part (meth) acrylate-based composition further comprises a Part B, a resin part. As mentioned above, Part B comprises at least one free radically polymerizable synthon, at least one hydroxyl-functional compound, and at least one amine reducing agent.
[0039] A wide range of free radically polymerizable synthons are suitable for use as the at least one free radically polymerizable synthon of Part B. In some embodiments, the at least one free radically polymerizable synthon comprises at least one (meth) acrylate, at least one vinyl-functional compound, at least one maleate-functional compound, at least one unsaturated di-acid, or mixtures and combinations thereof.
[0040] In some embodiments, the at least one free radically polymerizable synthon comprises a (meth) acrylate or a mixture of (meth) acrylates. Typically, the (meth) acrylate or a mixture of (meth) acrylates comprises at least one alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer with alkyl groups comprising 4-20 carbon atoms and may include one or more heteroatoms and may further comprise at least one reinforcing monomer.
[0041] A wide range of alkyl (meth) acrylate monomers are suitable. The alkyl (meth) acrylate monomers are described by Formula 2:
[0042] CH2=CR1- (CO) -O-R2
[0043] Formula 2
[0044] where R1 is an H atom or a methyl group;
[0045] - (CO) -is a carbonyl group C=O; and
[0046] R2 is an alkyl group with 4-20 carbon atoms and may include one or more heteroatoms.
[0047] Examples of suitable alkyl (meth) acrylate comprises n-butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, n-pentyl (meth) acrylate, isoamyl (meth) acrylate, 2-methylbutyl (meth) acrylate, n-hexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, 4-methyl-2-pentyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-methylhexyl (meth) acrylate, n-octyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, 2-octyl (meth) acrylate, n-nonyl (meth) acrylate, isononyl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate) , adamantyl (meth) acrylate, n-decyl (meth) acrylate, isodecyl (meth) acrylate, 2-propylheptyl (meth) acrylate, isotridecyl (meth) acrylate, isostearyl (meth) acrylate, octadecyl (meth) acrylate, 2-octyldecyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, heptadecanyl (meth) acrylate, heteroalkylene (meth) acrylates such as tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, and combinations thereof.
[0048] The (meth) acrylate or mixture of (meth) acrylates may also comprise at least one reinforcing monomer. A wide variety of reinforcing monomers are suitable, typically acid-functional monomers. Examples of acid-functional monomers include ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids, and ethylenically unsaturated phosphoric acids, and mixtures thereof. Examples of such compounds include, but are not limited to, those selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, citraconic acid, maleic acid, B-carboxyethyl acrylate, sulfoethyl methacrylate, and the like, and mixtures thereof.
[0049] Part B further comprises at least one hydroxyl-functional compound. In some embodiments, the at least one hydroxyl-functional compound comprises a compound of Formula 3:
[0050] B- (OH) m
[0051] Formula 3
[0052] where B is an m-valent group, and
[0053] m is an integer of 1 or greater.
[0054] In some embodiments, the group B includes contains a free radically polymerizable group such as a (meth) acrylate group. This permits an in situ generation of a urethane- (meth) acrylate. The hydroxyl group reacts with isocyanate groups to form a urethane linkage, and the formed urethane has free radically polymerizable groups. This in situ generation of a urethane- (meth) acrylate while using for example HEMA or HPMA reduces the cost and eliminates the need for using a higher viscosity pre-made urethane- (meth) acrylate, while still obtaining the advantages of having a urethane- (meth) acrylate within the cured matrix. This permits adding high levels of low density bubbles to reduce the density of the potting resin while still getting the advantages of a urethane- (meth) acrylate within the matrix. The in situ polyurethane interpenetrating network provides toughening for the (meth) acrylate cured system without increasing the resin viscosity.
[0055] Part B further comprises at least one amine reducing agent. As mentioned above, the amine reducing agent reacts with the peroxide of Part A for initiate free radical polymerization. As mentioned above, the amine reducing agent may also function as an amine catalyst as described above. Examples of suitable amines are tertiary amines such as DMA (N, N-dimethyl aniline) , diethyl aniline, p-halogenated aniline derivatives and dimethyl-p-toluidine. DMA is particularly suitable.
[0056] In some embodiments, the composition further contains a polymerization inhibitor to adjust the working time of the curable composition. The inhibitors can be added to the resin mix to stop or delay any crosslinking chain reaction that might be started by the possible formation of free radicals during the storage or to extend the working time after blending part A and part B together. Because free radicals can be formed at the carbon-carbon double bonds through several different mechanisms, such as interactions between molecules with heat and light, the possibility of the formation of free radicals is quite high. Should this occur, there is a good possibility that the resin could crosslink during storage. Therefore, the right amount of inhibitor in the system is necessary to facilitate the minimization of stability problems. Suitable inhibitors may include, but are not limited to, hydroquinone (HQ) , Methoxyphenol, tolu-hydroquinone (THQ) , bisphenol “A” (BPA) , naphthoquinone (NQ) , p-benzoquinone (p-BQ) , butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) , hydroquinone monomethyl ether (HQMME) , monotertiary butyl hydroquinone (MTBHQ) , ditertiary butyl hydroquinone (DTBHQ) , tertiary butyl catechol (TBC) , and other substituted and unsubstituted phenols and mixtures of the above.
[0057] Besides the components described above, Part A, Part B, or both may contain one or more additional optional components. Examples of suitable additives include glass bubbles, polymeric bubbles, at least one flame-retardant, at least one pigment, at least one fumed silica, at least one coupling agent, and combinations thereof.
[0058] Glass bubbles and polymeric bubbles are particularly suitable additives because it has been found that the presence of glass bubbles decreases the density of the cured adhesive. In some embodiments, the glass bubbles comprise hollow borosilicate glass bubbles with a true density of from 0.1-0.8 g / cm3. Examples of suitable glass bubbles include XLD3000 glass bubbles from 3M Company, St. Paul, MN.
[0059] In some embodiments, the additive comprises at least one flame-retardant additive. Particularly suitable are intumescent flame-retardants. Examples include polyphosphate, expandable graphite, as well as other similar materials. In some embodiments, the at least one intumescent fire-retardant additive is at least one intumescent polyphosphate reagent comprising: ammonium polyphosphate; melamine polyphosphate; ethylene diamine phosphate, and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable intumescent polyphosphate reagent include INTUMAX AC-3 from Broadview Technologies, Newark, NJ. In some embodiments, the additive comprises other flame-retardant agents in addition to or instead of the intumescent flame-retardant additive. In some embodiments, the flame-retardant agent comprises boron-based flame retardants, melamine, aluminosilicate, red phosphorous powder, organophosphorus compounds, expendable graphite, talc, and combinations thereof. Particularly suitable additional flame-retardant agents include the ammonium polyphosphate available as EXOLIT AP 422, 423, and 462 from Clariant.
[0060] In some embodiments, the additive comprises at least one pigment. Examples of suitable pigments include carbon black such as VULCAN XC-72R from Cabot Corporation, and titanium dioxide such as TI-PURE R-960 from the Chemours Company, Wilmington, DE.
[0061] In some embodiments, the additive comprises at least one fumed silica. Examples of suitable fumed silicas include the CAB-O-SIL materials TS 382 or TS 720 from Cabot Corporation.
[0062] In some embodiments, the additive comprises at least one coupling agent. In some embodiments, the coupling agents are amino-silane or (meth) acrylate silane coupling agents. Such coupling agents are well known materials in the adhesive arts. Typically, the coupling agents are of Formula 4:
[0063] D-Rb-E
[0064] Formula 4
[0065] where D comprises an amino group, -NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are each independently an H atom or an alkyl group, where at least one of R3 and R4 is an H atom, or a (meth) acrylate group, Rb is a linking group comprising an alkylene group with 1-5 carbon atoms, and E is a group -SiR5R6R7 wherein R5 and R6 are alkoxy groups with 1-4 carbon atoms, and R7 is an alkyl, alkoxy or aryloxy group. The coupling agent is particularly suitable when glass bubbles are used, since the silane end of the coupling agent can bond to the surface of the glass bubbles and the amino group can react into the epoxy matrix to help to hold the glass bubbles in the epoxy matrix. Additional suitable coupling agents include the silsesquioxane oligomer available as WSA-9911 from Gelest Inc., Martinsville, PA.
[0066] As was described above, also disclosed herein are two-part (meth) acrylate-based adhesive compositions that, when mixed, the mixed two-part (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition cures even when it is disposed adjacent to an uncured or partially cured two-part curing urethane adhesive. The two-part (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition comprises a Part A curative part and a Part B resin part. In some embodiments, Part A comprises at least one free radical initiator and at least one isocyanate-functional oligomer; and Part B comprises at least one free radically polymerizable synthon, at least one hydroxyl-functional compound, and at least one amine reducing agent. The two-part (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition, upon mixing cures at room temperature to form a structural adhesive bond, and as mentioned above the curing of the two-part (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition occurs even if the mixed two-part (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition is placed adjacent to an uncured or partially cured two-part curing urethane adhesive.
[0067] The two-part curable (meth) acrylate-based adhesive compositions are described in detail above and comprise a Part A and Part B.
[0068] The curable two-part (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition further comprises a Part A, a curative part. Part A comprises at least one free radical initiator, at least one isocyanate-functional oligomer, and may comprise at least one epoxy resin. Each of these components is described in detail above.
[0069] The curable two-part (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition further comprises a Part B, a resin part. As mentioned above, Part B comprises at least one free radically polymerizable synthon, at least one hydroxyl-functional compound, and at least one amine reducing agent. Each of these components is described in detail above.
[0070] Besides the components described above, Part A, Part B, or both may contain one or more additional optional components. Examples of suitable additives include glass bubbles, polymeric bubbles, at least one flame-retardant, at least one pigment, at least one fumed silica, at least one coupling agent, and combinations thereof. Each of these components is described in detail above.
[0071] As mentioned above, the two-part curable (meth) acrylate-based adhesive cures even when placed adjacent to a curable or partially cured urethane adhesive or potting compound. Urethane adhesives and potting compounds are well understood in the adhesive arts. Typically, the curable polyurethane adhesive or potting compound comprises at least one polyol, at least one polyisocyanate, and at least one curing catalyst. The curable polyurethane adhesive or potting compound may contain, and typically do contain, additives such as fillers to decrease the density of the cured polyurethane adhesive or potting compound. Particularly suitable are foaming agents to generate a low density cured layer.
[0072] Also disclosed herein are articles. In some embodiments, the article comprises a first surface, a first curable (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition comprising a room temperature curing two-part (meth) acrylate-based adhesive formed by mixing a two-part (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition, and disposing the first curable (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition on at least a portion of the first surface, and a second surface where at least a portion of the second surface is disposed on the first curable adhesive composition. The curable (meth) acrylate-based adhesive has been described in detail above. The second surface comprises a substrate surface or the surface of a second curable adhesive composition or potting compound comprising a two-part room temperature curing two-part composition. The second curable composition is formed by mixing a two-part adhesive or potting compound composition. The second curable adhesive or potting compound composition is disposed adjacent to or atop the first curable (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition. The second curable adhesive or potting compound composition comprises a two-part urethane adhesive or potting compound.
[0073] As mentioned above, the first curable (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition has been described in detail above. The first curable (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition comprises a two-part curable composition comprising Part A a curative part comprising at least one free radical initiator, at least one isocyanate-functional oligomer, and may comprise at least one epoxy resin, and Part B a resin part comprising at least one free radically polymerizable synthon, at least one hydroxyl-functional compound, and at least one amine reducing agent. Upon mixing, the two-part (meth) acrylate-based adhesive composition cures at room temperature to form a structural adhesive bond.
[0074] A wide range of first surfaces are suitable for use with this method. In some embodiments, the first surface comprises the surface of a first substrate, where the first substrate comprises a film, a rigid polymeric plate, or the surface of an article. Likewise, a wide range of second surfaces are suitable. In some embodiments, the second surface comprises a second substrate surface, the surface of a second curable adhesive composition or potting compound comprising a two-part room temperature curing two-part composition, or the second surface may be a combination of surfaces. Where the second surface comprises the surface of a second substrate, the second substrate comprises a film, a rigid polymeric plate, or the surface of an article.
[0075] In some embodiments, the first surface comprises the surface of an article, where the article comprises a battery and the second surface comprises the surface of a second curable adhesive or potting compound composition comprising a two-part room temperature curing adhesive composition formed by mixing a two-part adhesive composition, and further comprising a second substrate, wherein the second substrate is in contact with at least a portion of the second curable adhesive composition, and wherein the second substate comprises a film, a rigid polymeric plate, or the surface of an article, wherein the article comprises a battery or a part of a battery pack.
[0076] In some embodiments, the first surface is a first substrate as described above, the first curable adhesive is cured, and the second surface comprises a second substrate. In these embodiments, the cured first curable adhesive is sandwiched between the two substrates to form the article.
[0077] In other embodiments, the first surface comprises a first substrate, the first curable adhesive is cured, and the second surface comprises a second curable adhesive or potting compound composition that is cured, and the article further comprises a second substrate adjacent to the second curable adhesive or potting compound composition that is cured. Suitable second substrates are described above. In some embodiments, the cured second curable adhesive or potting compound layer is atop the cured first curable adhesive to form a construction sequence of first substrate, first cured adhesive layer, second cured adhesive or potting compound composition layer, and second substrate. In other embodiments the cured second curable adhesive or potting compound layer is adjacent to the cured first curable adhesive to form a construction sequence of first substrate, a layer comprising the first cured adhesive layer and the second cured adhesive or potting compound composition, and the second substrate. In these embodiments, the second substrate is in contact with the second cured adhesive or potting composition layer and the first cured adhesive layer may also be in contact with at least a portion of the second substrate.
[0078] As has been mentioned above, the two curable compositions (two-part (meth) acrylate and two-part urethane) cure even if in contact with each other. In this way the adhesive bond formed between the first substrate and the first cured adhesive layer is a structural adhesive bond having high adhesive strength. Additionally, the adhesive bond between the first cured adhesive layer and the second cured adhesive or potting compound composition is also a structural adhesive bond having high adhesive strength. Also, the bond between the second cured adhesive of potting compound composition and the second substrate is also a structural adhesive bond having high adhesive strength. If the first adhesive and the second adhesive or potting compound composition are adjacent to each other, the second substrate and the first cured adhesive layer is a structural adhesive bond having high adhesive strength.
[0079] As mentioned above, the second curable adhesive or potting compound composition comprises a curable urethane composition. Urethane adhesives and potting compounds are well understood in the adhesive arts. Typically, the curable polyurethane adhesive or potting compound comprises at least one polyol, at least one polyisocyanate, and at least one curing catalyst. The curable polyurethane adhesive or potting compound may contain, and typically do contain, additives such as fillers to decrease the density of the cured polyurethane adhesive or potting compound. Particularly suitable are foaming agents to generate a low density cured layer.
[0080] The disclosure may be further understood by reference to the figures. Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an article of this disclosure. The article has first substrate 100, second substrate 400 with curable (meth) acrylate composition layer 200, curable urethane composition layer 300. Upon curing layers 200 and 300 form cured (meth) acrylate and urethane layers. Interface 250 fully cures such that the interface is not a weak boundary layer. In this embodiment, the two curable layers are atop each other.
[0081] Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of another article of this disclosure. The article has first substrate 100, second substrate 400 with curable (meth) acrylate composition layer 200, curable urethane composition layer 300. Upon curing layers 200 and 300 form cured (meth) acrylate and urethane layers. Interface 250 fully cures such that the interface is not a weak boundary layer. In this embodiment, the two curable layers are beside each other.
[0082] Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of another article of this disclosure. In this article, substrate 400 has a layer of curable (meth) acrylate composition layer 200. Upon curing layer 200 forms a cured (meth) acrylate layer. Interface 250 fully cures such that the interface is not a weak boundary layer. In this embodiment, two curable layer upon curing forms a coating and does not adhere together substrates.
[0083] Examples
[0084] These examples are merely for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be limiting on the scope of the appended claims. All parts, percentages, ratios, etc. in the examples and the rest of the specification are by weight, unless noted otherwise. The following abbreviations are used: mm = millimeters; cm = centimeters; g = grams; ml = milliliters; MPa = MegaPascals; RPM = revolutions per minute; Hz = Hertz; cPs = centipoise; RT = Room Temperature.
[0085] Table of Abbreviations
[0086] Test Methods
[0087] Adhesive bonding test:
[0088] For the two-part (meth) acrylate adhesive to be tested, the Part B was mixed with Part A in a 5 to 1 ratio unless otherwise specified, and the resultant mixture was dispensed onto one side of a release liner. Immediately the Urethane Adhesive was dispensed side by side with the (meth) acrylate adhesive. After 24 hours to allow curing, the interface bonding was checked. The results are described for each example.
[0089] Viscosity
[0090] The viscosity was measured with a Brookfield Viscometer model RVF, at a spindle speed of 20 rpm and at a temperature of 25 ℃. (77°±2° F. ) . The spindle used was number 4.
[0091] Overlap Shear
[0092] Overlap Shear was determined according to ASTM D1002 as follows. 4 x 1 x 0.067 inch (101.6 x 25.4 x 1.67 mm) Al2024 coupons were degreased by cleaning twice with “GENERAL PURPOSE ADHESIVE CLEANER, 08987” , then abraded with a grade “80+ CUBITRON II ROLOC” grinding disc, both obtained from 3M Company, to remove any oxidized coating on the bonding surface. A thin layer of adhesive was applied to both coupons over a 10 mm x 25 mm bond area with a small bead of the adhesive composition applied to one lap prior to clamping the laps together with 0.75 inch (1.9 cm) binder clips on each side. Excess adhesive was then removed with a metal spatula. The resulting assembly was cured at 21℃. for at least 7 days prior to testing. Overlap shear strength was measured according to ASTM D-1002, by means of a model “SINTECH-30” tensile tester, obtained from MTS Corporation, Eden Prairie, Minnesota, at a grip separation rate of 0.05 inches / minute (1.3 mm / min) . Three test panels were prepared and evaluated per each example and the average value is reported. The uncertainty is reported as the standard deviation of the lap shear strengths of the at least 3 test samples per Example.
[0093] Examples Ex1, Ex2 and Comparative Example CE1:
[0094] The Compositions of Part A and Part B for Exl and Ex2 are presented in Table 1. The Components of Part A and mixed together with a high-speed mixer. For CE2, Epoxy Adhesive was used.
[0095] Table 1: Compositions
[0096] The compositions for Ex1, Ex2, and CE1 were tested using the Adhesive Bonding Test Method described above. The Results are shown in Table 2.
[0097] Table 2: Test Results
[0098] Example Ex3, Ex4 and Comparative Examples CE2, CE3:
[0099] The Compositions of Part A and Part B for Ex3 is presented in Table 4 and Ex4 is presented in Tables 5 and 6 and CE2 and CE3 are presented in Table 3. The Components of Part A and mixed together with a high-speed mixer.
[0100] Table 3: Compositions
[0101] Table 4: Composition
[0102] Table 5: Composition
[0103] Table 6: Polyol Mixture
[0104] Testing:
[0105] The samples were mixed (Part A mixed with Part B) at a ratio of 1: 50 for CE2 and CE3, and 1: 5 for Ex3 and Ex4. The samples were tested for viscosity and for overlap shear according to the Test Methods described above. The samples were allowed to cure for 24 hours at RT, or for 2 hours at 80℃. The results are shown in Table 7.
[0106] Table 7
Claims
A two-part curable adhesive composition comprising:Part A: a curative part comprising at least one free radical initiator and at least one isocyanat e-functional oligomer;Part B: a resin part comprising at least one free radically polymerizable synthon, at least one hydroxyl-functional compound, and at least one amine reducing agent; wherein the two-part adhesive composition, upon mixing cures at room temperature to form a structural adhesive bond.The two-part curable adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one free radical initiator comprises a peroxide initiator that upon reaction with the amine reducing agent of Part B forms free radicals.The two-part curable adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-functional oligomer is of general formula 1:A- (NCO) nFormula 1wherein A is am n-valent group, andn is an integer of 2 or greater.The two-part curable adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one free radically polymerizable synthon comprises at least one (meth) acrylate, at least one vinyl-functional compound, at least one maleate-functional compound, at least one unsaturated di-acid, or mixtures and combinations thereof.The two-part curable adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one free radically polymerizable synthon comprises a mixture of (meth) acrylates.The two-part curable adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-functional compound comprises a compound of Formula 3:B- (OH) mFormula 3wherein B is an m-valent group, andm is an integer of 1 or greater.The two-part curable adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one amine reducing agent comprises a tertiary amine.The two-part curable adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein Part A further comprises at least one epoxy resin.The two-part curable adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein Part A, Part B, or both further comprise at least one additive, wherein the additive is selected from glass bubbles, polymeric bubbles, at least one flame retardant, at least one pigment, at least one fumed silica, at least one coupling agent, and combinations thereof.A two-part curable adhesive composition that cures even when disposed adjacent to an uncured or partially cured two-part urethane adhesive or potting compound, comprising:Part A: a curative part comprising at least one free radical initiator and at least one isocyanate-functional oligomer;Part B: a resin part comprising at least one free radically polymerizable synthon, at least one hydroxyl-functional compound, and at least one amine reducing agent; wherein the two-part adhesive composition, upon mixing cures at room temperature to form a structural adhesive bond, and wherein the curing of the two-part adhesive composition occurs even if the mixed two-part adhesive composition is placed adjacent to an uncured or partially cured two-part curing urethane adhesive or potting compound.The two-part curable adhesive composition of claim 10, wherein Part A comprises:a peroxide initiator that upon reaction with the amine reducing agent of Part B forms free radicals;at least one isocyanate-functional oligomer is of general formula 1:A- (NCO) nFormula 1wherein A is am n-valent group, andn is an integer of 2 or greater; and optionally comprises one or more of:glass bubbles:at least one intumescent polyphosphate reagent;at least one pigment;at least one flame retardant;at least one coupling agent; andfumed silica.The two-part curable adhesive composition of claim 10, wherein Part B comprises:at least one (meth) acrylate, at least one vinyl-functional compound, at least one maleate-functional compound, at least one unsaturated di-acid, or mixtures and combinations thereof;at least one hydroxyl-functional compound comprises a compound of Formula 3:B- (OH) mFormula 3wherein B is an m-valent group, andm is an integer of 1 or greater; andat least one tertiary amine reducing agent; and optionally comprises one or more of:at least one coupling agent;at least one fumed silica;an intumescent polyphosphate; andat least one pigment.The two-part curable adhesive composition of claim 10, wherein Part A further comprises at least one epoxy resin.An article comprising:a first surface;a first curable adhesive composition comprising a room temperature curing two-part adhesive composition formed by mixing a two-part adhesive composition, wherein the first curable adhesive composition is disposed on at least a portion of the first surface, wherein the first curable adhesive composition cures to form a cured layer on the first surface.The article of claim 14, further comprising a second surface, wherein at least a portion of the second surface is disposed on the first curable adhesive composition, wherein the second surface comprises a substrate surface or the surface of a second curable adhesive composition comprising a two-part room temperature curing two-part adhesive composition formed by mixing a two-part adhesive composition, wherein the second curable adhesive composition is disposed adjacent to or atop the first curable adhesive composition and wherein the first curable adhesive composition comprises a two-part curable adhesive composition comprising:Part A: a curative part comprising at least one free radical initiator and at least one isocyanate-functional oligomer;Part B: a resin part comprising at least one free radically polymerizable synthon, at least one hydroxyl-functional compound, and at least one amine reducing agent;wherein the two-part adhesive composition, upon mixing cures at room temperature toform a structural adhesive bond;and wherein the second curable adhesive composition comprises a two-part urethane adhesive or potting composition.The article of claim 15, wherein the first surface comprises the surface of a first substrate, wherein the first substrate comprises a film, a rigid polymeric plate, or the surface of an article, and wherein the second surface comprises the surface of a second substrate, wherein the second substrate comprises a film, a rigid polymeric plate, or the surface of an article.The article of claim 15, wherein the first surface comprises the surface of a first substrate wherein the first substrate comprises a film, a rigid polymeric plate, or the surface of an article, wherein the article comprises a battery, and wherein the second surface comprises the surface of a second curable adhesive composition comprising a two-part room temperature curing adhesive composition formed by mixing a two-part adhesive composition, and further comprising a second substrate, wherein the second substrate is in contact with at least a portion of the second curable adhesive composition, and wherein the second substate comprises a film, a rigid polymeric plate, or the surface of an article, wherein the article comprises a battery or a part of a battery pack.The article of claim 15, wherein the first surface comprises a first substrate, the first curable adhesive is cured, and the second surface comprises a second substrate.The article of claim 17, wherein the first curable adhesive and the second curable adhesive are cured.The article of claim 17, wherein the second curable adhesive comprises:at least one polyol;at least one polyisocyanate; andat least one curing catalyst.The article of claim 19, wherein the bonds between the first substrate and the first cured adhesive, the first cured adhesive and the second cured adhesive, and the second cured adhesive and the second substrate are all structural adhesive bonds.