Communication method, first device, second device, communication system, and storage medium

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a communication method, a first device, a second device, a communication system, and a storage medium. The method comprises: determining a waveform of a continuous wave (CW), the CW being used by a second device to send uplink information to a first device. By means of embodiments of the present disclosure, the reliability of uplink information sending can be improved.

Description

Communication method, first device, second device, communication system and storage medium Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to communication methods, first devices, second devices, communication systems, and storage media. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) technology has emerged. In A-IoT, network devices can control continuous wave (CW) nodes to emit CW signals, and A-IoT devices can send information to network devices by reflecting the CW signals emitted by the CW nodes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Determining the waveform of CW is a technical problem that needs to be solved.

[0004] This disclosure provides embodiments of a communication method, a first device, a second device, a communication system, and a storage medium.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a communication method is proposed, performed by a first device, the method comprising: determining the waveform of a continuous electromagnetic wave CW, wherein the CW is used by a second device to send uplink information to the first device.

[0006] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a communication method is provided, performed by a second device, the method comprising: sending uplink information to a first device based on a continuous electromagnetic wave (CW), wherein the waveform of the CW is determined by the first device.

[0007] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a first device is provided, comprising: a processing module for determining the waveform of a continuous electromagnetic wave CW, wherein the CW is used by a second device to send uplink information to the first device.

[0008] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a second device is provided, comprising: a transceiver module that transmits uplink information to a first device based on a continuous electromagnetic wave (CW), wherein the waveform of the CW is determined by the first device.

[0009] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a first device is provided, comprising: one or more processors; wherein the processors are configured to perform the communication method of the first aspect.

[0010] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a second device is provided, comprising: one or more processors; wherein the processors are configured to perform the communication method of the second aspect.

[0011] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a communication system is provided, including a first device and a second device, wherein the first device is configured to implement the communication method of the first aspect, and the second device is configured to implement the communication method of the second aspect.

[0012] According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a storage medium is provided that stores instructions which, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform the communication method of the first or second aspect.

[0013] According to a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a program product is provided that, when executed by a communication device, causes the communication device to perform the method as described in an optional implementation of the first or second aspect.

[0014] Through the embodiments of this disclosure, the first device determines the waveform of the CW, enabling the second device to send uplink information to the first device based on the determined CW, thereby improving the reliability of uplink information transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments are introduced below. The following drawings are only some embodiments of this disclosure and do not impose specific limitations on the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0016] Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 1B is a schematic diagram of a deployment structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 1C is a schematic diagram of another deployment structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 1D is a schematic diagram of a CW waveform according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 1E is a schematic diagram of a CW waveform according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 1F is a schematic diagram of a CW waveform according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 2 is an interactive schematic diagram of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 5A is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first device proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 5B is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second device proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0027] Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0028] Figure 6B is a schematic diagram of the chip structure proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0029] This disclosure provides embodiments of a communication method, a first device, a second device, a communication system, and a storage medium.

[0030] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure propose a communication method executed by a first device, the method comprising: determining the waveform of a continuous electromagnetic wave CW, wherein the CW is used by a second device to send uplink information to the first device.

[0031] In the above embodiments, the first device determines the waveform of CW, so that the second device sends uplink information to the first device based on the determined CW, which can improve the reliability of uplink information transmission.

[0032] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, determining the waveform of the continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) includes: determining the waveform of the CW based on the repetition mode of the uplink transmission of the second device.

[0033] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, determining the waveform of CW based on the repetition mode of the uplink transmission of the second device includes: determining the waveform of CW as a first waveform in response to the second device using repetitive transmission; and determining the waveform of CW as a second waveform in response to the second device not using repetitive transmission; wherein the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

[0034] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, determining the waveform of CW based on the repetition mode of the uplink transmission of the second device includes: determining the waveform of CW as a first waveform in response to the second device using repetitive transmission and the number of repetitive transmissions being greater than or equal to a number threshold; and determining the waveform of CW as a second waveform in response to the second device using repetitive transmission and the number of repetitive transmissions being less than a number threshold; wherein the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

[0035] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, determining the waveform of the continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) includes: determining the waveform of the CW based on the type of information transmitted uplink by the second device.

[0036] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, determining the waveform of CW based on the uplink information type sent by the second device includes: determining the waveform of CW as a second waveform in response to the information type sent by the second device being a first type of information; determining the waveform of CW as a first waveform in response to the information type sent by the second device being a second type of information; the first waveform and the second waveform are different; wherein, the first type of information includes at least one of the following: message Msg1; Msg3; response message.

[0037] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the time range for the second device to send the first type of information is determined based on a first time point, a first minimum duration, and a first maximum duration. The first time point is the time point at which the first device sends downlink information, the first minimum duration is the shortest duration from when the first device sends the downlink information to when the second device sends uplink information, and the first maximum duration is the longest duration from when the first device sends the downlink information to when the second device sends uplink information.

[0038] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, determining the waveform of the continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) includes: determining the waveform of the CW based on the coverage level of the second device.

[0039] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, determining the waveform of CW based on the coverage level of the second device includes: determining the waveform of CW as a first waveform in response to the second device being at a first coverage level; and determining the waveform of CW as a second waveform in response to the second device being at a second coverage level; wherein the first coverage level is superior to the second coverage level, and the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

[0040] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first waveform is a non-frequency-hopping single-tone waveform, and the second waveform is a two-tone waveform or a frequency-hopping single-tone waveform.

[0041] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure propose a communication method executed by a second device, the method comprising: sending uplink information to a first device based on a continuous electromagnetic wave (CW), wherein the waveform of the CW is determined by the first device.

[0042] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the waveform of the CW is determined based on the repetition pattern of the uplink transmission of the second device.

[0043] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the second device uses repeated transmission, and the waveform of the CW is a first waveform; the second device does not use repeated transmission, and the waveform of the CW is a second waveform; wherein the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

[0044] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the second device uses repeated transmission and the number of repeated transmissions is greater than or equal to a threshold number, and the waveform of the CW is a first waveform; in response to the second device using repeated transmission and the number of repeated transmissions being less than the threshold number, the waveform of the CW is a second waveform; wherein the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

[0045] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the waveform of the CW is determined based on the type of information transmitted uplink by the second device.

[0046] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the information type sent by the second device is a first type of information, and the waveform of CW is a second waveform; the information type sent by the second device is a second type of information, and the waveform of CW is a first waveform; the first waveform and the second waveform are different; wherein, the first type of information includes at least one of the following: message Msg1; Msg3; response message.

[0047] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the time range for the second device to send the first type of information is determined based on a first time point, a first minimum duration, and a first maximum duration. The first time point is the time point at which the first device sends downlink information, the first minimum duration is the shortest duration from when the first device sends the downlink information to when the second device sends uplink information, and the first maximum duration is the longest duration from when the first device sends the downlink information to when the second device sends uplink information.

[0048] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the waveform of the CW is determined based on the coverage level of the second device.

[0049] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the second device is in a first coverage level and the waveform of CW is a first waveform; the second device is in a second coverage level and the waveform of CW is a second waveform; wherein, the first coverage level is superior to the second coverage level, and the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

[0050] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first waveform is a non-frequency-hopping single-tone waveform, and the second waveform is a two-tone waveform or a frequency-hopping single-tone waveform.

[0051] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure propose a first device, including: a processing module, for determining the waveform of a continuous electromagnetic wave CW, wherein the CW is used by a second device to send uplink information to the first device.

[0052] Fourthly, this disclosure provides a second device, comprising: a transceiver module that transmits uplink information to a first device based on continuous electromagnetic wave (CW), wherein the waveform of the CW is determined by the first device.

[0053] Fifthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a first device comprising: one or more processors; wherein the processors are configured to execute the communication method of the first aspect.

[0054] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a second device comprising: one or more processors; wherein the processors are configured to perform the communication method of the second aspect.

[0055] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication system including a first device and a second device, wherein the first device is configured to implement the communication method of the first aspect, and the second device is configured to implement the communication method of the second aspect.

[0056] Eighthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform the communication method of the first or second aspect.

[0057] Ninthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a program product that, when executed by a communication device, causes the communication device to perform the method as described in the optional implementations of the first or second aspect.

[0058] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods described in an optional implementation of the first or second aspect.

[0059] Eleventhly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a chip or chip system. The chip or chip system includes processing circuitry configured to perform the methods described in optional implementations of the first or second aspect.

[0060] It is understood that the aforementioned first device, second device, network device, terminal, communication system, storage medium, program product, computer program, chip, or chip system are all used to perform the methods proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure. Therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0061] This disclosure provides embodiments of a communication method, a first device, a second device, a communication system, and a storage medium. In some embodiments, the terms "communication method" and "information reporting method," "information receiving method," etc., may be used interchangeably.

[0062] This disclosure is not exhaustive, but merely illustrative of some embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, each step in a particular embodiment can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the steps can be arbitrarily combined. For example, a solution after removing some steps in a particular embodiment can also be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the order of the steps in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily interchanged. Furthermore, the optional implementation methods in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined; moreover, the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, for example, some or all steps of different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementation methods of other embodiments.

[0063] In each of the disclosed embodiments, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions of the embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0064] The terminology used in the embodiments of this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0065] In this embodiment of the disclosure, unless otherwise stated, elements expressed in the singular form, such as "a," "an," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "this," etc., can mean "one and only one," or "one or more," "at least one," etc. For example, when using articles such as "a," "an," "the," etc. in translation, the noun following the article can be understood as either a singular expression or a plural expression.

[0066] In the embodiments of this disclosure, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0067] In some embodiments, the terms “at least one of”, “one or more”, “a plurality of”, “multiple”, etc., may be used interchangeably.

[0068] In some embodiments, the notation "at least one of A and B", "A and / or B", "A in one case, B in another", "in response to one case A, in response to another case B", etc., may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of B); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed); in some embodiments, A and B (both A and B are executed). The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0069] In some embodiments, the notation "A or B" may include the following technical solutions, depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execution of A regardless of B); in some embodiments, B (execution of B regardless of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed). The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0070] The prefixes "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this disclosure are merely for distinguishing different descriptive objects and do not impose restrictions on the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the descriptive objects. The description of the descriptive objects is found in the claims or the context of the embodiments, and the use of prefixes should not constitute unnecessary restrictions. For example, if the descriptive object is a "field," the ordinal numbers preceding "field" in "first field" and "second field" do not restrict the position or order of the "fields." "First" and "second" do not restrict whether the "fields" they modify are in the same message, nor do they restrict the order of "first field" and "second field." Similarly, if the descriptive object is a "level," the ordinal numbers preceding "level" in "first level" and "second level" do not restrict the priority between "levels." Furthermore, the number of descriptive objects is not limited by ordinal numbers and can be one or more. For example, in "first device," the number of "devices" can be one or more. Furthermore, the objects modified by different prefixes can be the same or different. For example, if the object being described is "device", then "first device" and "second device" can be the same device or different devices, and their types can be the same or different. Similarly, if the object being described is "information", then "first information" and "second information" can be the same information or different information, and their content can be the same or different.

[0071] In some embodiments, “including A,” “containing A,” “for indicating A,” and “carrying A” can be interpreted as directly carrying A or indirectly indicating A.

[0072] In some embodiments, the terms “in response to…”, “in response to determining…”, “in the case of…”, “when…”, “if…”, “if…”, etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0073] In some embodiments, the terms “greater than,” “greater than or equal to,” “not less than,” “more than,” “more than or equal to,” “not less than,” “higher than,” “higher than or equal to,” “not lower than,” and “above” can be used interchangeably, as can the terms “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not greater than,” “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not more than,” “lower than,” “lower than or equal to,” “not higher than,” and “below”.

[0074] In some embodiments, devices, etc., can be interpreted as physical or virtual, and their names are not limited to the names recorded in the embodiments. Terms such as “device”, “equipment”, “circuit”, “network element”, “node”, “function”, “unit”, “section”, “system”, “network”, “chip”, “chip system”, “entity”, and “subject” can be used interchangeably.

[0075] In some embodiments, "network" can be interpreted as devices included in a network (e.g., access network devices, core network devices, etc.).

[0076] In some embodiments, the terms "access network device (AN device)," "radio access network device (RAN device)," "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "node," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "antenna panel," "antenna array," "cell," "macro cell," "small cell," "femto cell," "pico cell," "sector," "cell group," "serving cell," "carrier," "component carrier," and "bandwidth part (BWP)" can be used interchangeably.

[0077] In some embodiments, the terms "terminal", "terminal device", "user equipment (UE)", "user terminal", "mobile station (MS)", "mobile terminal (MT)", "subscriber station", "mobile unit", "subscriber unit", "wireless unit", "remote unit", "mobile device", "wireless device", "wireless communication device", "remote device", "mobile subscriber station", "access terminal", "mobile terminal", "wireless terminal", "remote terminal", "handset", "user agent", "mobile client", and "client" can be used interchangeably.

[0078] In some embodiments, access network devices, core network devices, or network devices can be replaced by terminals. For example, embodiments of this disclosure can also be applied to structures where communication between access network devices, core network devices, or network devices and terminals is replaced by communication between multiple terminals (e.g., device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the structure can also be configured such that the terminal has all or part of the functions of the access network device. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can be replaced with sidelink channel, and uplink link, downlink, etc., can be replaced with sidelink link.

[0079] In some embodiments, the terminal may be replaced by an access network device, a core network device, or a network device. In this case, the access network device, core network device, or network device may also be configured to have all or some of the functions of the terminal.

[0080] In some embodiments, the acquisition of data, information, etc., may comply with the laws and regulations of the country where the location is situated.

[0081] In some embodiments, data, information, etc., may be obtained with the user's consent.

[0082] Furthermore, each element, each row, or each column in the table of this disclosure can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and any combination of any element, any row, or any column can also be implemented as an independent embodiment.

[0083] Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0084] As shown in Figure 1A, the communication system 100 includes a first device 101 and a second device 102.

[0085] In some embodiments, the first device 101 may be a network device or a terminal. The first device 101 may serve as a base station, an intermediate node, or a node other than an intermediate node in the Internet of Things.

[0086] In some embodiments, the first device 101 can control the CW node to send CW signals, and the second device 102 can reflect the CW signals to form a reflected wave, which is then sent to the first device 101. The first device 101 and the CW node can be the same device or different devices.

[0087] In some embodiments, the second device 102 may be an A-IoT device or a 6G IoT device, but is not limited thereto. An A-IoT device may also be referred to as an A-IoT device, an A-IoT terminal, an A-IoT tag, etc.

[0088] In some embodiments, the terminal may be a user equipment (UE), including, but not limited to, at least one of the following: mobile phone, wearable device, Internet of Things device, car with communication function, smart car, tablet computer, computer with wireless transceiver function, virtual reality (VR) terminal device, augmented reality (AR) terminal device, wireless terminal device in industrial control, wireless terminal device in self-driving, wireless terminal device in remote medical surgery, wireless terminal device in smart grid, wireless terminal device in transportation safety, wireless terminal device in smart city, and wireless terminal device in smart home.

[0089] In some embodiments, a network device can be a functional network element within a core network device. The core network device can be a single device, including a first network element, a second network element, etc., or it can be multiple devices or a group of devices, each including all or part of the first network element, the second network element, etc. Network elements can be virtual or physical. The core network includes, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), and a Next Generation Core (NGC).

[0090] In some embodiments, the network device may include at least one of an access network device and a core network device.

[0091] In some embodiments, the access network device is, for example, a node or device that connects a terminal to a wireless network. The access network device may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following in a 5G communication system: evolved Node B (eNB), next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), next-generation Node B (gNB), node B (NB), home node B (HNB), home evolved node B (HeNB), radio backhaul device, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), base band unit (BBU), mobile switching center, base station in a 6G communication system, open RAN, cloud RAN, base station in other communication systems, and access node in a Wi-Fi system.

[0092] In some embodiments, the technical solutions of this disclosure can be applied to the Open RAN architecture. In this case, the interfaces between or within access network devices involved in the embodiments of this disclosure can be transformed into internal interfaces of Open RAN. The processes and information interactions between these internal interfaces can be implemented by software or programs.

[0093] In some embodiments, the access network device may be composed of a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). The CU may also be called a control unit. The CU-DU structure can separate the protocol layer of the access network device. Some of the protocol layer functions are centrally controlled by the CU, while the remaining part or all of the protocol layer functions are distributed in the DU and centrally controlled by the CU. However, this is not the only possibility.

[0094] In some embodiments, a core network device may be a single device comprising one or more network elements, or it may be multiple devices or a group of devices, each comprising all or part of the aforementioned one or more network elements. Network elements may be virtual or physical. The core network may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), or a Next Generation Core (NGC).

[0095] It is understood that the communication system described in this disclosure is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of this disclosure, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0096] The following embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to the communication system 100 shown in FIG1A, or to some of the main bodies, but are not limited thereto. The main bodies shown in FIG1A are illustrative. The communication system may include all or some of the main bodies in FIG1A, or it may include other main bodies outside of FIG1A. The number and form of each main body are arbitrary. Each main body may be physical or virtual. The connection relationship between the main bodies is illustrative. The main bodies may not be connected or may be connected. The connection can be in any way, it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection, it can be a wired connection or a wireless connection.

[0097] The embodiments disclosed herein can be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G new radio (NR), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), and IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth (a registered trademark), Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) networks, Device-to-Device (D2D) systems, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) systems, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems, systems utilizing other communication methods, and next-generation systems built upon them, etc. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A with 5G).

[0098] In the A-IoT Internet of Things, the number of A-IoT terminals (such as A-IoT UE, A-IoT device, and A-IoT tag) that can be accessed in the network is large, and they have simple structure, low hardware and maintenance costs, low power consumption, and can usually not need to replace batteries for a long time.

[0099] IoT technology can be applied to scenarios involving large-scale inventory management, such as A-IoT devices reporting Electronic Product Codes (EPCs) to the network / intermediate node X / UE. It can also be applied to sensing scenarios such as smart homes and environmental monitoring, where A-IoT devices report data when certain trigger conditions are met. IoT technology can also be used in location-based scenarios, such as locating items or pinpointing locations within a shopping mall. Furthermore, IoT technology can be used in command-based scenarios, such as responding to commands sent by network devices.

[0100] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device has a peak power of 1 μW, energy storage capability, an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10X ppm, and neither downlink (DL) nor uplink (UL) amplification is present in the device. The device's UL transmission is backscattered on an externally provided carrier.

[0101] In some embodiments, the peak power of the A-IoT device is less than or equal to several hundred μW, has energy storage capabilities, and an SFO of up to 10Xppm, allowing for DL ​​and / or UL amplification within the device. The UL transmission of the device can be generated internally or backscattered on an externally provided carrier.

[0102] In some embodiments, A-IoT devices can be categorized into the following types:

[0103] Device 1: Peak power consumption is 1μW, it can store energy, it cannot independently generate / amplify signals, it uses a backscatter working mode, and it does not have the ability to amplify DL and / or UL signals.

[0104] Device 2a: Peak power consumption is several hundred μW, it has energy storage capability, it cannot generate signals independently, and it uses a backscattering operating mode; the stored energy can be used for DL ​​and / or UL signal amplification.

[0105] Device 2b: Peak power consumption is several hundred μW, with energy storage capabilities, and it can independently generate signals, such as an active signal transmission radio frequency (RF) module. Alternatively, it can simultaneously possess the ability to actively transmit information and backscatter.

[0106] Furthermore, Device 1 and Device 2a, which can only operate using backscattering, cannot actively transmit signals. When they need to transmit information, they require an external source to provide a continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) for backscattering. The CW is generally of constant amplitude. A CW node can be a single node or a network / intermediate node (e.g., UE) communicating with the device. The A-IoT device reflects the received CW, loading the signaling / data to be transmitted onto the reflected wave and sending it out. The reflected wave and the CW are at the same frequency or have a certain frequency offset. Simultaneously, the CW also serves to power the A-IoT device. For example, when a Type 1 device receives a wireless signal CW, it activates its internal receiving and processing module to encode and modulate the signaling / data that the A-IoT device needs to upload.

[0107] In some embodiments, A-IoT network devices include networks, terminals, intermediate nodes, auxiliary nodes, etc. Intermediate nodes can be relays, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, terminals, or repeaters.

[0108] Figure 1B is a schematic diagram of one deployment structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1C is a schematic diagram of another deployment structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0109] In some embodiments, A-IoT devices can support two deployment structures: Topology 1 as shown in Figure 1B and Topology 2 as shown in Figure 1C.

[0110] In Topology 1, A-IoT devices and networks (e.g., base stations, BS) directly receive and transmit DL and UL data.

[0111] In Topology 2, A-IoT devices and networks (e.g., BS) indirectly receive and transmit DL and UL data through intermediate nodes; the intermediate nodes are used for data forwarding, and data transmission between the intermediate nodes and the BS is carried out through the Uu interface.

[0112] In some embodiments of a passive Internet of Things (IoT) system, the data sent by the terminal may be of the following types:

[0113] Type 1: Based on network demand report data, such as inventory, i.e. DO-DTT service. DO-DTT refers to a service that is initiated by the device but needs to be triggered by the reader (Device-originated–device-terminated triggered).

[0114] Type 2: Based on environmental IoT triggering, such as when the temperature of a sensor exceeds a configured threshold, i.e., DO service, which refers to device-originated service;

[0115] Type 3: Periodic Data Reporting: Based on the self-triggered environmental IoT, periodic environmental IoT data reporting is achieved, namely DO-A service, which refers to device-originated-autonomous service;

[0116] Type 4: The network side sends a command, and the device performs corresponding operations based on the command. This is called DT service, which refers to the service terminated by the device.

[0117] In 6G A-IoT, further research is needed on application scenarios for sensors and positioning. Sensors refer to devices that can perceive their surroundings and obtain environmental information such as temperature and humidity. This requires support for device-initiated services, i.e., DO-A services. DO-A services typically involve periodic uplink transmissions without requiring network device triggering, thus supporting environmental awareness applications. In positioning scenarios, through information exchange between network devices and terminals, the network device obtains the terminal's location information.

[0118] For passive IoT devices, the uplink transmission of the IoT device is achieved by reflecting the CW signal, so the waveform of the CW is the same as the waveform of the uplink D2R signal transmitted by the IoT device.

[0119] Figure 1D is a schematic diagram of a CW waveform according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1E is a schematic diagram of a CW waveform according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1F is a schematic diagram of a CW waveform according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0120] For CW waveforms, there are three candidate waveforms:

[0121] The unmodulated single tone waveform can be called waveform 1, as shown in Figure 1D;

[0122] The unmodulated two-tone waveform can be referred to as waveform 2, as shown in Figure 1E.

[0123] The unmodulated single tone with frequency hopping can be referred to as waveform 3, as shown in Figure 1F. However, waveform 3 cannot guarantee perfect alignment between hop switching time and uplink transmission time, so its support is relatively low.

[0124] The characteristics of the three waveforms are shown in Table 1.

[0125] Table 1

[0126] Regarding resistance to channel fading, waveform 2 performs better than waveform 1, while waveform 3 and waveform 2 have similar resistance. This means that if a device uses waveform 2 or waveform 3 for uplink transmission, its receiver can achieve higher reliability. Therefore, considering the differences in resistance to channel fading among the three waveforms, it is advisable to use specific waveforms under specific channel conditions to improve the reliability of uplink transmission.

[0127] Figure 2 is an interactive schematic diagram of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2, the embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a communication method, which includes:

[0128] In step S2101, the first device 101 determines the waveform of CW.

[0129] In some embodiments, the CW is transmitted by a CW node device. The first device and the CW node device can be the same device, i.e., the first device can transmit the CW; or, the CW node device is a node device different from the first device and the second device, and the first device controls the CW node to transmit a defined CW waveform.

[0130] In some embodiments, CW is used by the second device to send uplink information to the first device.

[0131] In some embodiments, the first device may be a reader, a network device, or a terminal. The first device may serve as a base station, an intermediate node, or a node other than an intermediate node in the Internet of Things (IoT). The second device may be an A-IoT device or a 6G IoT device, but is not limited thereto. An A-IoT device may also be referred to as an A-IoT device, an A-IoT terminal, an A-IoT tag, etc.

[0132] In some embodiments, the first device may send CW, or the first device may control the CW node to send CW, and the second device may reflect the CW to form a reflected wave and send the reflected wave to the first device.

[0133] In some embodiments, the CW node broadcasts the CW. After receiving the CW from the CW node, the second device can reflect the received CW, load the signaling or data to be transmitted onto the reflected wave, and send it out. That is, the second device sends uplink information to the first device based on the received CW. The uplink information can be device-to-reader (D2R) information.

[0134] The following explains how the first device determines the CW waveform.

[0135] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the waveform of the continuous electromagnetic wave CW includes: determining the waveform of the CW based on the repetition pattern of the uplink transmission of the second device.

[0136] In some embodiments, the first device may determine the waveform of the CW based on the uplink transmission repetition mode used by the second device. The uplink transmission repetition mode may include whether repetition is used, and / or the number of repetitions. The first device may determine the waveform of the CW based on whether the second device uses repetition and the number of repetitions.

[0137] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the waveform of CW based on the repetition mode of the uplink transmission of the second device includes: determining the waveform of CW as a first waveform in response to the second device using repetitive transmission; and determining the waveform of CW as a second waveform in response to the second device not using repetitive transmission; wherein the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

[0138] In some embodiments, the first device determines that the CW uses a first waveform based on the second device using repeated transmission; the first device determines that the CW uses a second waveform based on the second device not using repeated transmission.

[0139] In some embodiments, the second waveform exhibits better resistance to channel fading than the first waveform.

[0140] In some embodiments, when the second device does not use repeated transmissions, using a second waveform with better resistance to channel fading can improve the reliability of uplink transmissions by the second device.

[0141] In an exemplary embodiment, the first waveform is a non-frequency-hopping single-tone waveform, and the second waveform is a two-tone waveform or a frequency-hopping single-tone waveform.

[0142] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first waveform can be an unmodulated single tone waveform, which can be referred to as waveform 1, as shown in Figure 1D; the second waveform can be an unmodulated two-tone waveform or an unmodulated single tone with frequency hopping waveform; the unmodulated two-tone waveform can be referred to as waveform 2, as shown in Figure 1E; the unmodulated single tone with frequency hopping waveform can be referred to as waveform 3, as shown in Figure 1F.

[0143] In some embodiments, whether the second device uses repeated transmission may be configured by the first device (e.g., a network device) or indicated by the first device.

[0144] In some embodiments, when the second device uses repetitive transmission, the first device controls the CW to use waveform 1 (single tone waveform); when the second device does not use repetitive transmission, the first device controls the CW to use waveform 2 (two tone waveform) or waveform 3 (single tone waveform with frequency hopping).

[0145] In some embodiments, retransmission can be at the transport block (TB) level or at the bit level.

[0146] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the waveform of CW based on the repetition mode of the uplink transmission of the second device includes: determining the waveform of CW as a first waveform in response to the second device using repetitive transmission and the number of repetitive transmissions being greater than or equal to a number threshold; and determining the waveform of CW as a second waveform in response to the second device using repetitive transmission and the number of repetitive transmissions being less than a number threshold; wherein the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

[0147] In some embodiments, the first device determines the waveform used by the CW based on the number of retransmissions performed by the second device. When the second device performs retransmissions and the number of retransmissions is greater than or equal to a threshold, the first device controls the CW to use a first waveform; when the second device performs retransmissions and the number of retransmissions is less than the threshold, the first device controls the CW to use a second waveform.

[0148] In some embodiments, the second waveform exhibits better resistance to channel fading than the first waveform.

[0149] In some embodiments, when the number of repeated transmissions by the second device is less than a threshold, using a second waveform with better resistance to channel fading can improve the reliability of uplink transmission by the second device.

[0150] In some embodiments, the number of times threshold can be set according to actual conditions, and this disclosure does not limit it.

[0151] In some embodiments, whether the second device uses repeated transmission and the number of repeated transmissions may be configured by the first device (e.g., a network device) or indicated by the first device.

[0152] In some embodiments, when the second device uses repeated transmissions and the number of transmissions is greater than or equal to a threshold, the first device controls the CW to use waveform 1 (single tone waveform); otherwise, the first device controls the CW to use waveform 2 (two tone waveform) or waveform 3 (single tone waveform with frequency hopping).

[0153] In some embodiments, repeated transmission can be TB-level repeated transmission or bit-level repeated transmission.

[0154] For example, if the second device sends message (Msg)1 uplink, and is configured by higher-layer signaling to use repeated transmission, and the repeated transmission is at the TB level, with the number of repeated transmissions being N, which is greater than the number threshold, then the first device controls the CW to use waveform 1 (single tone waveform).

[0155] For example, if the second device sends Msg3 uplink and is configured by higher-layer signaling to use repeated transmission, and the repeated transmission is at the TB level, with N being the number of repeated transmissions, N=16, which is less than the number threshold of 32, then the network device controls the CW to use waveform 2 (two-tone waveform) or waveform 3 (single-tone waveform with frequency hopping).

[0156] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the waveform of the continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) includes: determining the waveform of the CW based on the type of information transmitted uplink by the second device.

[0157] In some embodiments, the first device can determine the waveform of CW based on the type of information transmitted uplink by the second device. The uplink transmitted information can be divided into a first type of information and a second type of information, where the second type of information may be, for example, information other than the first type of information.

[0158] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the waveform of CW based on the uplink information type transmitted by the second device includes: determining the waveform of CW as a second waveform in response to the information type transmitted by the second device being a first type of information; determining the waveform of CW as a first waveform in response to the information type transmitted by the second device being a second type of information; the first waveform and the second waveform are different; wherein the first type of information includes at least one of the following: Msg1; Msg3; response message.

[0159] In some embodiments, the first device determines that the CW uses a second waveform based on a first type of information sent by the second device; the first device determines that the CW uses a first waveform based on a second type of information sent by the second device.

[0160] In some embodiments, the second waveform exhibits better resistance to channel fading than the first waveform.

[0161] In some embodiments, when the second device transmits the first type of information, using a second waveform with better resistance to channel fading can improve the reliability of the second device's uplink transmission.

[0162] In some embodiments, when the second device sends a first type of information, the first device controls the CW to use waveform 2 (two-tone waveform) or waveform 3 (single-tone waveform with frequency hopping); when the second device sends a second type of information, the first device controls the CW to use waveform 1 (single-tone waveform).

[0163] For example, if the first type of information is Msg1 or Msg3, that is, when the second device sends Msg1 or Msg3, the first device controls the CW to use waveform 2 (two-tone waveform) or waveform 3 (single-tone waveform with frequency hopping); when the second device sends other information, the first device controls the CW to use waveform 1 (single-tone waveform).

[0164] Msg1 can be a random number RN16 sent by the second device, and Msg3 is a device identifier sent by the second device, such as an Electronic Product Code (EPC).

[0165] For example, the second device supports feedback based on Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ). After receiving downlink information (such as R2D information) sent by the first device, the second device will send ACK or NACK feedback to the first device. During the time when the second device sends ACK or NACK, the first device controls the CW to use waveform 2 (two-tone waveform) or waveform 3 (single-tone waveform with frequency hopping).

[0166] For example, in a command scenario, after the second device receives and executes the command sent by the first device, it sends an acknowledgment message, such as ACK, to the first device. During the time the second device sends the acknowledgment message, the first device controls the CW to use either waveform 2 (two-tone waveform) or waveform 3 (single-tone waveform with frequency hopping). The command can be write, read, lock, kill, etc. The command sent by the first device is carried in reader-to-device (R2D) information, i.e., in the physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH). The acknowledgment message sent by the second device is carried in D2R information, i.e., in the physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH).

[0167] In an exemplary embodiment, the time range for the second device to send the first type of information is determined based on a first time point, a first minimum duration, and a first maximum duration. The first time point is the time point at which the first device sends downlink information, the first minimum duration is the shortest duration from when the first device sends downlink information to when the second device sends uplink information, and the first maximum duration is the longest duration from when the first device sends downlink information to when the second device sends uplink information.

[0168] In some embodiments, the time range for sending the first type of information refers to the time period required for the second device to send the first type of information, which can be understood as the second device sending the first type of information at a certain point in time within that time period.

[0169] In some embodiments, the first device sends downlink information to the second device, which may be R2D information. The first device can determine the time range for the second device to send the first type of information by the time relationship between the R2D information and the D2R information. The time point at which the first device sends downlink information can be called the first time point, which can be represented by t1. The shortest time between a R2D transmission and the corresponding D2R transmission following it can be called the first minimum time, which can be represented by R2Dmin. R2Dmin is the shortest time after the first device sends one downlink R2D signal, after which the first device can receive the uplink information sent by the second device. The longest time between the first device sending downlink information and the second device sending uplink information can be called the first maximum time, which can be represented by R2Dmax. R2Dmax is the longest time after the first device sends one downlink R2D signal, after which the first device can receive the uplink information sent by the second device. The first device can use the sum of the first time point and the first shortest duration as the start time point for sending the first type of information, and the sum of the first time point and the first longest duration as the end time point for sending the first type of information. That is, the time range for the second device to send the first type of information is [t1+R2Dmin, t1+R2Dmax].

[0170] For example, if the first type of information is Msg1, the first device can determine the time when the second device sends Msg1 by the following method: the first device sends a paging message at time t1, and the first device determines that the second device will send Msg1 to the first device within the time range [t1+R2Dmin, t1+R2Dmax].

[0171] For example, if the first type of information is Msg3, the first device can determine when the second device sends Msg3 using the following method: If the first device sends Msg2 at time t2, then the first device determines that the second device will send Msg3 within the time range [t2+R2Dmin, t2+R2Dmax]. Msg2 is sent by the first device after receiving Msg1 from the second device. For example, if Msg1 carries RN16, the first device sends ACK+RN16 to the second device.

[0172] For example, if the first type of information is a response message, the first device can determine the time when the second device sends an ACK or NACK using the following method: if the first device sends an R2D signal at time t1, then the first device determines that the second device will send an ACK or NACK to the first device within the time range [t1+R2Dmin, t1+R2Dmax].

[0173] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the waveform of the continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) includes: determining the waveform of the CW based on the coverage level of the second device.

[0174] In some embodiments, the first device may determine the waveform of the CW based on the coverage level of the second device.

[0175] In some embodiments, the coverage level of the second device can be pre-configured (e.g., burned into the second device). When the second device accesses the network, it reports its coverage level to the first device. Alternatively, the second device has measurement capabilities, measuring the Reference Signal Receiving Power (RSRP), Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), and Reference Signal Received Quality (RSSQ) of the downlink R2D signal, and determining its own coverage level based on the measured values.

[0176] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the waveform of CW based on the coverage level of the second device includes: determining the waveform of CW as a first waveform in response to the second device being at a first coverage level; and determining the waveform of CW as a second waveform in response to the second device being at a second coverage level; wherein the first coverage level is superior to the second coverage level, and the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

[0177] In some embodiments, the first coverage level is a better coverage level or a coverage level indicated by the first device; the second coverage level is a worse coverage level or a coverage level indicated by the first device.

[0178] In some embodiments, when the second device is in the second coverage level, using a second waveform with better resistance to channel fading can improve the reliability of uplink transmission of the second device.

[0179] In some embodiments, when the second device is in the first coverage level, the first device controls the CW to use waveform 1 (single tone waveform); when the second device is in the second coverage level, the first device controls the CW to use waveform 2 (two tone waveform) or waveform 3 (single tone waveform with frequency hopping).

[0180] In some embodiments, when the second device is in the worst coverage level, the first device controls the CW to use waveform 2 (two-tone waveform) or waveform 3 (single-tone waveform with frequency hopping); when the second device is in other coverage levels, the first device controls the CW to use waveform 1 (single-tone waveform).

[0181] For example, five coverage levels can be defined as follows: Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Level 4, and Level 5. The higher the level, the better the coverage of the second device, with Level 1 being the worst. When the second device is in coverage level 1, the first device controls the CW to always use waveform 2 (two-tone waveform) or waveform 3 (single-tone waveform with frequency hopping); when the second device is in any of the levels from 2 to 5, the first device controls the CW to use waveform 1 (single-tone waveform).

[0182] In some embodiments, if the second device is in a coverage level within the coverage level range, the first device controls the CW to use waveform 1 (single tone waveform); if the second device is in other coverage levels, the first device controls the CW to always use waveform 2 (two tone waveform) or waveform 3 (single tone with frequency hopping waveform).

[0183] In some embodiments, the coverage level range may be defined by a protocol or indicated by the first device via higher-layer signaling or physical layer control signaling.

[0184] For example, five coverage levels can be defined as follows: Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Level 4, and Level 5. The higher the level, the better the coverage of the second device. The coverage level range configured for the first device is {Level 3, Level 4, Level 5}. When the second device is in coverage level 2, it is not within the coverage level range. The first device controls the CW to always use waveform 2 (two-tone waveform) or waveform 3 (single-tone waveform with frequency hopping).

[0185] In step S2102, the first device 101 sends an indication message to the CW node.

[0186] In some embodiments, the first device and the CW node device may be different devices. After determining the transmission power of the CW, the first device can indicate the transmission power to the CW node through indication information. The CW node transmits the CW based on the transmission power determined by the first device.

[0187] In some embodiments, the first device and the CW node device can be the same device, in which case step S2102 can be omitted.

[0188] Step S2103, the CW node provides CW.

[0189] In some embodiments, the CW node may provide CW to the second device 102.

[0190] In some embodiments, CW nodes may broadcast CW messages.

[0191] In some embodiments, the second device 102 receives a CW sent by the CW node.

[0192] In step S2104, the second device 102 sends uplink information to the first device 101.

[0193] In some embodiments, the first device 101 receives uplink information sent by the second device 102.

[0194] In some embodiments, the second device 102 sends uplink information to the first device based on CW.

[0195] In some embodiments, the second device 102 can reflect the received CW, load the uplink information onto the reflected wave, and send it to the first device 101.

[0196] The communication method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S2101 to S2104. For example, step S2101 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, step S2101+S2102 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, step S2101+S2102+S2103 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, step S2101+S2103+S2104 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, but is not limited thereto.

[0197] In some embodiments, step S2102 is optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0198] In some embodiments, step S2103 is optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0199] In some embodiments, step S2104 is optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0200] In some embodiments, other optional implementations described before or after the specification corresponding to FIG2 may be referred to.

[0201] In some embodiments, the names of information, etc., are not limited to the names described in the embodiments. Terms such as "information", "message", "signal", "signaling", "report", "configuration", "indication", "instruction", "command", "channel", "parameter", "domain", "field", "symbol", "symbol", "codebook", "codeword", "codepoint", "bit", "data", "program", and "chip" can be used interchangeably.

[0202] In some embodiments, terms such as “moment,” “point in time,” “time,” and “time location” can be used interchangeably, as can terms such as “duration,” “segment,” “time window,” “window,” and “time.”

[0203] In some embodiments, “get,” “obtain,” “receive,” “transmit,” “bidirectional transmission,” and “send and / or receive” can be used interchangeably and can be interpreted as receiving from other entities, obtaining from protocols, obtaining from higher layers, obtaining through self-processing, or autonomous implementation, among other meanings.

[0204] In some embodiments, terms such as “send,” “transmit,” “report,” “distribute,” “transmit,” “bidirectional transmission,” “send and / or receive” can be used interchangeably.

[0205] In some embodiments, terms such as "certain," "preset," "default," "set," "indicated," "a certain," "any," and "first" can be used interchangeably. "Certain A," "preset A," "default A," "set A," "indicated A," "a certain A," "any A," and "first A" can be interpreted as A pre-defined in a protocol or the like, or as A obtained through setting, configuration, or instruction, or as specific A, a certain A, any A, or first A, but are not limited thereto.

[0206] In some embodiments, the determination or judgment can be made by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), or by a true or false value (boolean), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., a comparison with a predetermined value), but is not limited thereto.

[0207] In some embodiments, "not expecting to receive" can be interpreted as not receiving on time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources, or as not performing subsequent processing on the data after receiving it; "not expecting to send" can be interpreted as not sending, or as sending but not expecting the receiver to respond to the sent content.

[0208] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3, the present disclosure relates to a communication method, which includes:

[0209] Step S3101: The first device determines the waveform of CW.

[0210] The optional implementation of step S3101 can be found in the optional implementation of step S2101 in Figure 2 and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0211] Step S3102: The first device sends an indication message to the CW node.

[0212] The optional implementation of step S3102 can be found in the optional implementation of step S2102 in Figure 2 and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0213] In some embodiments, the first device and the CW node device may be different devices. After determining the transmission power of the CW, the first device can indicate the transmission power to the CW node through indication information. The CW node transmits the CW based on the transmission power determined by the first device.

[0214] In some embodiments, the devices of the first device and the CW node can be the same device, in which case step S3102 can be omitted.

[0215] In step S3103, the first device receives the uplink information sent by the second device.

[0216] The optional implementation of step S3103 can be found in the optional implementation of step S2104 in Figure 2, as well as other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0217] The communication method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S3101 to S3103. For example, step S3101 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, step S3101+S3102 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, and step S3101+S3103 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment.

[0218] In some embodiments, step S3102 is optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0219] In some embodiments, step S3103 is optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0220] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 4, the present disclosure relates to a communication method, which includes:

[0221] Step S4101: The second device receives the CW sent by the CW node.

[0222] The optional implementation of step S4101 can be found in the optional implementation of step S2103 in Figure 2, as well as other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0223] In step S4102, the second device sends uplink information to the first device.

[0224] The optional implementation of step S4102 can be found in the optional implementation of step S2104 in Figure 2 and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0225] The communication method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S4101 to S4102. For example, step S4101 may be implemented as a separate embodiment, and step S4102 may be implemented as a separate embodiment, but are not limited thereto.

[0226] In some embodiments, step S4101 is optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0227] In some embodiments, step S4102 is optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0228] The communication method provided in this disclosure uses a specific waveform under specific channel or conditions, which can improve the reliability of IoT devices.

[0229] Option 1: Determine the waveform used by CW based on whether the device uses repeated transmission for uplink transmission and the number of repeated transmissions.

[0230] Example 1: If the uplink transmission is configured or indicated by the network device to use repeated transmission, the network device controls the CW to use a single-tone waveform; otherwise, it uses a two-tone waveform or a single-tone waveform with frequency hopping.

[0231] Example 2: If the uplink transmission is configured or indicated by the network device to use repeated transmission, and the number of repeated transmissions is greater than or equal to the threshold 1, then CW uses a single-tone waveform; otherwise, CW uses a two-tone waveform or a single-tone waveform with frequency hopping.

[0232] The aforementioned repeated transmission can be at the transport block (TB) level or at the bit level.

[0233] The network device (reader) controls the CW node to send the waveform used by the CW. The network device can be a base station or an intermediate UE. The network device and the CW node can be the same device or different devices.

[0234] Threshold 1 can be configured or pre-configured by network devices, defined by protocols, or dynamically indicated by downlink control signaling.

[0235] For example, if the device's uplink transmission is msg1, and it is configured by higher-layer signaling to use repeated transmission, and the repeated transmission is at the TB level, with N repeated transmissions, N=2, then the network device controls the CW to use a single-tone waveform.

[0236] For example, if the device's uplink transmission is msg3, and it is configured by higher-layer signaling to use repeated transmission, and the repeated transmission is at the TB level, with N repeated transmission times, N=16, which is less than the threshold of 32, then the network device controls the CW to use a two-tone waveform or a single-tone waveform with frequency hopping.

[0237] Option 2: Determine the waveform used by CW based on the type of information transmitted uplink by the device.

[0238] Example 1: If the device sends msg1 or msg3 or other information uplink, the network device controls the CW to use a two-tone waveform or a single-tone waveform with frequency hopping. For other information sent by the device, the network device controls the CW to use a single-tone waveform.

[0239] For example, msg1 is a random number RN16 sent by the device, and msg3 is the device ID sent by the device, such as the Electronic Product Code (EPC).

[0240] The network device can determine the time when the device sends msg1 by the following method: if the network device sends a paging message at time t1, then the network device determines that the device will send msg1 to the network device within the time range [t1+R2Dmin, t1+R2Dmax].

[0241] The network device can determine the time when the device sends msg3 using the following method: if the network device sends the msg2 message at time t2, then the network device determines that the device will send msg3 to the network device within the time range [t2+R2Dmin, t2+R2Dmax].

[0242] Among them, msg2 is sent by the network device after receiving msg1 from the device. msg1 carries RN16, and the network device sends ACK+RN16 to the device.

[0243] The time R2Dmin mentioned above is the shortest time R2Dmin after the network device sends a downlink R2D signal before it can receive the uplink signal sent by the device.

[0244] The time R2Dmax mentioned above is the longest time R2Dmax that a network device can receive an uplink signal from the device after it sends a downlink R2D signal.

[0245] Example 2: If the device supports feedback based on Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ), after receiving the R2D sent by the network device, the device will send back ACK or NACK to the network device. ACK means that the receiver replies with a message to inform the sender after receiving the data, and NACK means that the receiver notifies the sender when no data is received. During the time between sending back ACK and NACK, the network device controls the CW to use a two-tone waveform or a single-tone waveform with frequency hopping.

[0246] Network devices can determine the timing of sending ACK or NACK using the following method: if a network device sends an R2D signal at time t1, then the network device is certain that the device will send an ACK or NACK to the network device within the time range [t1+R2Dmin, t1+R2Dmax].

[0247] Example: In a command scenario, after the device receives and executes the command sent by the network device, it sends an acknowledgment message, such as ACK, to the network device. The command can be write, read, lock, or kill. In this case, CW uses a two-tone waveform or a single-tone waveform with frequency hopping.

[0248] Option 3: Define coverage levels, and network devices determine the waveform used by CW based on the coverage level of the device.

[0249] Example 1: If the device is in the worst coverage level, the CW uses a two-tone waveform or a single-tone waveform with frequency hopping. For other coverage levels, the CW uses a single-tone waveform.

[0250] Example 2: If the device is within the coverage level range, the CW uses a single tone; otherwise, the CW uses a two-tone waveform or a single tone waveform with frequency hopping.

[0251] The coverage level of a device is pre-configured (e.g., burned into the device). When a device connects to the network, it reports its coverage level to the network device.

[0252] Alternatively, if the device has measurement capabilities, it can measure the RSRP / RSSI / RSSQ of the downlink R2D signal and determine its own coverage level based on the measured values.

[0253] The coverage level range can be defined by a protocol, or it can be indicated to the terminal by the network device through higher-layer signaling or physical layer control signaling.

[0254] Example 1: Define five coverage levels for the device: Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Level 4, and Level 5. The higher the level, the better the coverage of the device. Based on Example 1, the worst level is Level 1. Therefore, when the device is in coverage level 1, the network device control CW always uses a two-tone waveform or a single-tone waveform with frequency hopping.

[0255] Example 2: Define the following five coverage levels for the device: Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Level 4, and Level 5. The coverage level range configured for the network device is {Level 3, Level 4, Level 5}. When the device is in coverage level 2, it is not within the coverage level range. Therefore, the network device control CW always uses a two-tone waveform or a single-tone waveform with frequency hopping.

[0256] In the embodiments disclosed herein, some or all of the steps and their optional implementations may be arbitrarily combined with some or all of the steps in other embodiments, or may be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementations in other embodiments.

[0257] This disclosure also provides an apparatus for implementing any of the above methods. For example, an apparatus is provided that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by the terminal in any of the above methods. Alternatively, another apparatus is provided that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by a network device (e.g., an access network device, a core network functional node, a core network device, etc.) in any of the above methods.

[0258] It should be understood that the division of units or modules in the above device is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into a single physical entity, or they can be physically separated. Furthermore, the units or modules in the device can be implemented by a processor calling software: for example, the device includes a processor connected to a memory containing instructions. The processor calls the instructions stored in the memory to implement any of the above methods or to implement the functions of the units or modules in the above device. The processor can be, for example, a general-purpose processor, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or a microprocessor, and the memory can be internal or external to the device. Alternatively, the units or modules in the device can be implemented in the form of hardware circuits. The functionality of some or all of the units or modules can be achieved through the design of these hardware circuits, which can be understood as one or more processors. For example, in one implementation, the hardware circuit is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The functionality of some or all of the units or modules is achieved through the design of the logical relationships between the components within the circuit. In another implementation, the hardware circuit can be implemented using a programmable logic device (PLD). Taking a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) as an example, it can include a large number of logic gates. The connection relationships between the logic gates are configured through configuration files, thereby achieving the functionality of some or all of the units or modules. All units or modules of the above device can be implemented entirely through processor-called software, entirely through hardware circuits, or partially through processor-called software with the remaining parts implemented through hardware circuits.

[0259] In this embodiment, the processor is a circuit with signal processing capabilities. In one implementation, the processor can be a circuit with instruction read and execute capabilities, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a graphics processing unit (GPU) (which can be understood as a microprocessor), or a digital signal processor (DSP). In another implementation, the processor can implement certain functions through the logical relationships of hardware circuits. The logical relationships of the aforementioned hardware circuits are fixed or reconfigurable. For example, the processor is a hardware circuit implemented using an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a programmable logic device (PLD), such as an FPGA. In a reconfigurable hardware circuit, the process of the processor loading a configuration document and configuring the hardware circuit can be understood as the process of the processor loading instructions to implement the functions of some or all of the above units or modules. Furthermore, it can also be a hardware circuit designed for artificial intelligence, which can be understood as an ASIC, such as a Neural Network Processing Unit (NPU), a Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), or a Deep Learning Processing Unit (DPU).

[0260] Figure 5A is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first device proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 5A, the first device 5100 may include a processing module 5101. In some embodiments, the processing module 5101 is used to determine the waveform of a continuous electromagnetic wave CW, wherein the CW is used by a second device to send uplink information to the first device. Optionally, the processing module is used to perform at least one of the steps performed by the first device in any of the above methods (e.g., step S2101, but not limited thereto), which will not be described in detail here.

[0261] In some embodiments, the first device may further include a transceiver module.

[0262] In some embodiments, the processing module is used to determine the waveform of CW based on the repetition pattern of the uplink transmission of the second device.

[0263] In some embodiments, the processing module is configured to determine the waveform of CW as a first waveform in response to the second device using repeated transmission; and to determine the waveform of CW as a second waveform in response to the second device not using repeated transmission; wherein the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

[0264] In some embodiments, the processing module is configured to determine the waveform of CW as a first waveform in response to the second device using repeated transmission and the number of repeated transmissions being greater than or equal to a threshold number; and to determine the waveform of CW as a second waveform in response to the second device using repeated transmission and the number of repeated transmissions being less than a threshold number; wherein the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

[0265] In some embodiments, the processing module is used to determine the waveform of CW based on the type of information transmitted uplink by the second device.

[0266] In some embodiments, the processing module is configured to determine that the waveform of CW is a second waveform in response to the information type sent by the second device being a first type of information; and to determine that the waveform of CW is a first waveform in response to the information type sent by the second device being a second type of information; the first waveform and the second waveform are different; wherein, the first type of information includes at least one of the following: message Msg1; Msg3; response message.

[0267] In some embodiments, the time range for the second device to send the first type of information is determined based on a first time point, a first minimum duration, and a first maximum duration. The first time point is the time point at which the first device sends downlink information, the first minimum duration is the shortest duration from when the first device sends the downlink information to when the second device sends uplink information, and the first maximum duration is the longest duration from when the first device sends the downlink information to when the second device sends uplink information.

[0268] In some embodiments, the processing module is used to determine the waveform of CW based on the coverage level of the second device.

[0269] In some embodiments, the processing module is configured to determine the waveform of CW as a first waveform in response to the second device being at a first coverage level; and to determine the waveform of CW as a second waveform in response to the second device being at a second coverage level; wherein the first coverage level is superior to the second coverage level, and the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

[0270] In some embodiments, the first waveform is a non-frequency-hopping single-tone waveform, and the second waveform is a two-tone waveform or a frequency-hopping single-tone waveform.

[0271] Figure 5B is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second device proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 5B, the second device 5200 may include a transceiver module 5201. In some embodiments, the transceiver module 5201 is used to send uplink information to the first device based on a continuous electromagnetic wave (CW), wherein the waveform of the CW is determined by the first device. Optionally, the transceiver module is used to perform at least one of the steps performed by the network device in any of the above methods (e.g., steps S2103 and S2104, but not limited thereto), which will not be described in detail here.

[0272] In some embodiments, the second device may further include a processing module.

[0273] In some embodiments, the waveform of the CW is determined based on the repetition pattern of the uplink transmission of the second device.

[0274] In some embodiments, the second device uses repeated transmission, and the waveform of the CW is a first waveform; the second device does not use repeated transmission, and the waveform of the CW is a second waveform; wherein the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

[0275] In some embodiments, the second device uses repeated transmission and the number of repeated transmissions is greater than or equal to a threshold, and the waveform of the CW is a first waveform; in response to the second device using repeated transmission and the number of repeated transmissions being less than the threshold, the waveform of the CW is a second waveform; wherein the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

[0276] In some embodiments, the waveform of the CW is determined based on the type of information transmitted uplink by the second device.

[0277] In some embodiments, the information type sent by the second device is a first type of information, and the waveform of CW is a second waveform; the information type sent by the second device is a second type of information, and the waveform of CW is a first waveform; the first waveform and the second waveform are different; wherein, the first type of information includes at least one of the following: message Msg1; Msg3; response message.

[0278] In some embodiments, the time range for the second device to send the first type of information is determined based on a first time point, a first minimum duration, and a first maximum duration. The first time point is the time point at which the first device sends downlink information, the first minimum duration is the shortest duration from when the first device sends the downlink information to when the second device sends uplink information, and the first maximum duration is the longest duration from when the first device sends the downlink information to when the second device sends uplink information.

[0279] In some embodiments, the waveform of the CW is determined based on the coverage level of the second device.

[0280] In some embodiments, the second device is at a first coverage level and the CW waveform is a first waveform; the second device is at a second coverage level and the CW waveform is a second waveform; wherein the first coverage level is superior to the second coverage level, and the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

[0281] In some embodiments, the first waveform is a non-frequency-hopping single-tone waveform, and the second waveform is a two-tone waveform or a frequency-hopping single-tone waveform.

[0282] In some embodiments, the processing module may be a single module or may include multiple sub-modules. Optionally, the multiple sub-modules may each perform all or part of the steps required by the processing module. Optionally, the processing module may be interchangeable with a processor.

[0283] Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device 6100 proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. The communication device 6100 can be a network device (e.g., access network device, core network device, etc.), a terminal (e.g., user equipment, etc.), a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the network device in implementing any of the above methods, or a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the terminal in implementing any of the above methods. The communication device 6100 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments; for details, please refer to the descriptions in the above method embodiments.

[0284] As shown in Figure 6A, the communication device 6100 includes one or more processors 6101. The processor 6101 can be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit (CPU). The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the CPU can be used to control communication devices (e.g., base stations, baseband chips, terminal devices, terminal device chips, DUs or CUs, etc.), execute programs, and process program data. Optionally, the communication device 6100 can be used to execute any of the above methods. Optionally, one or more processors 6101 can be used to invoke instructions to cause the communication device 6100 to execute any of the above methods.

[0285] In some embodiments, the communication device 6100 further includes one or more transceivers 6102. When the communication device 6100 includes one or more transceivers 6102, the transceiver 6102 performs at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method (e.g., steps S2102, S2103, S2104, but not limited thereto), and the processor 6101 performs at least one of the other steps. In optional embodiments, the transceiver may include a receiver and / or a transmitter, which may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the terms transceiver, transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, interface circuit, interface, etc., can be used interchangeably; the terms transmitter, transmitting unit, transmitter, transmitting circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably; and the terms receiver, receiving unit, receiver, receiving circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0286] In some embodiments, the communication device 6100 further includes one or more memories 6103 for storing data. Optionally, all or part of the memories 6103 may be located outside the communication device 6100. In optional embodiments, the communication device 6100 may include one or more interface circuits 6104. Optionally, the interface circuits 6104 are connected to the memories 6103 and can be used to receive data from the memories 6103 or other devices, and to send data to the memories 6103 or other devices. For example, the interface circuits 6104 can read data stored in the memories 6103 and send that data to the processor 6101.

[0287] The communication device 6100 described in the above embodiments may be a network device or a terminal, but the scope of the communication device 6100 described in this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the structure of the communication device 6100 may not be limited by FIG. 6A. The communication device may be a standalone device or a part of a larger device. For example, the communication device may be: (1) a standalone integrated circuit IC, or chip, or chip system or subsystem; (2) a collection of one or more ICs, optionally, the IC collection may also include storage components for storing data and programs; (3) an ASIC, such as a modem; (4) a module that can be embedded in other devices; (5) a receiver, terminal device, smart terminal device, cellular phone, wireless device, handheld device, mobile unit, vehicle device, network device, cloud device, artificial intelligence device, etc.; (6) others, etc.

[0288] Figure 6B is a schematic diagram of the chip structure proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. For cases where the communication device 6100 can be a chip or a chip system, please refer to the schematic diagram of the chip 6200 shown in Figure 6B, but it is not limited thereto.

[0289] Chip 6200 includes one or more processors 6201. Chip 6200 is used to perform any of the methods described above.

[0290] In some embodiments, chip 6200 further includes one or more interface circuits 6202. Optionally, terms such as interface circuit, interface, and transceiver pin can be used interchangeably. In some embodiments, chip 6200 further includes one or more memories 6203 for storing data. Optionally, all or part of the memories 6203 may be located outside chip 6200. Optionally, interface circuit 6202 is connected to memory 6203, and interface circuit 6202 can be used to receive data from memory 6203 or other devices, and interface circuit 6202 can be used to send data to memory 6203 or other devices. For example, interface circuit 6202 can read data stored in memory 6203 and send the data to processor 6201.

[0291] In some embodiments, the interface circuit 6202 performs at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method (e.g., steps S2102, S2103, and S2104, but not limited thereto). For example, the interface circuit 6202 performing the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method means that the interface circuit 6202 performs data interaction between the processor 6201, the chip 6200, the memory 6203, or the transceiver device. In some embodiments, the processor 6201 performs at least one of the other steps.

[0292] The modules and / or devices described in the various embodiments, such as virtual devices, physical devices, and chips, can be combined or separated arbitrarily as needed. Optionally, some or all steps can also be performed collaboratively by multiple modules and / or devices, which is not limited here.

[0293] This disclosure also proposes a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on the communication device 6100, cause the communication device 6100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the storage medium is an electronic storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a storage medium readable by other devices. Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-transitory storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a temporary storage medium.

[0294] This disclosure also provides a program product that, when executed by the communication device 6100, causes the communication device 6100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the program product is a computer program product.

[0295] This disclosure also proposes a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the above methods.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, Performed by a first device, the method includes: The waveform of the continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) is determined, and the CW is used by the second device to send uplink information to the first device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the waveform of the continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) includes: The waveform of CW is determined based on the repetition pattern of the uplink transmission of the second device.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The determination of the CW waveform based on the repetition pattern of the uplink transmission of the second device includes: In response to the second device using repeated transmission, the waveform of CW is determined to be the first waveform; In response to the second device not using repeated transmission, the waveform of CW is determined to be the second waveform; The first waveform and the second waveform are different.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The determination of the CW waveform based on the repetition pattern of the uplink transmission of the second device includes: In response to the second device using repeated transmission and the number of repeated transmissions being greater than or equal to a threshold number, the waveform of CW is determined to be the first waveform; In response to the second device using repeated transmission and the number of repeated transmissions being less than the number threshold, the waveform of CW is determined to be the second waveform; The first waveform and the second waveform are different.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the waveform of the continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) includes: The waveform of CW is determined based on the type of information transmitted uplink by the second device.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Determining the waveform of CW based on the uplink information type transmitted by the second device includes: In response to the information type being a first type of information sent by the second device, the waveform of CW is determined to be a second waveform; In response to the second device sending information of type two, the waveform of CW is determined to be the first waveform; the first waveform and the second waveform are different; The first type of information includes at least one of the following: Message Msg1; Msg3; Response message.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The time range for the second device to send the first type of information is determined based on a first time point, a first minimum duration, and a first maximum duration. The first time point is the time point at which the first device sends downlink information, the first minimum duration is the shortest duration from when the first device sends the downlink information to when the second device sends uplink information, and the first maximum duration is the longest duration from when the first device sends the downlink information to when the second device sends uplink information.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the waveform of the continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) includes: The waveform of CW is determined based on the coverage level of the second device.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Determining the CW waveform based on the coverage level of the second device includes: In response to the second device being in the first coverage level, the waveform of CW is determined to be the first waveform; In response to the second device being in the second coverage level, the waveform of CW is determined to be the second waveform; Wherein, the first coverage level is better than the second coverage level, and the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

10. The method according to claim 3, 4, 6, 7, or 9, characterized in that, The first waveform is a non-frequency-hopping single-tone waveform, and the second waveform is a two-tone waveform or a frequency-hopping single-tone waveform.

11. A communication method, characterized in that, Performed by a second device, the method includes: Uplink information is sent to the first device based on continuous electromagnetic wave (CW), and the waveform of the CW is determined by the first device.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The waveform of the CW is determined based on the repetition pattern of the uplink transmission of the second device.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The second device uses repeated transmission, and the waveform of the CW is the first waveform; The second device does not use repeated transmissions, and the waveform of the CW is the second waveform; The first waveform and the second waveform are different.

14. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The second device uses repeated transmission and the number of repeated transmissions is greater than or equal to a threshold number, and the waveform of the CW is the first waveform; In response to the second device using repeated transmission and the number of repeated transmissions being less than a threshold, the waveform of the CW is the second waveform; The first waveform and the second waveform are different.

15. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The waveform of the CW is determined based on the type of information transmitted uplink by the second device.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The information type sent by the second device is the first type of information, and the waveform of CW is the second waveform; The information type sent by the second device is the second type of information, and the waveform of CW is the first waveform; the first waveform and the second waveform are different; The first type of information includes at least one of the following: Message Msg1; Msg3; Response message.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The time range for the second device to send the first type of information is determined based on a first time point, a first minimum duration, and a first maximum duration. The first time point is the time point at which the first device sends downlink information, the first minimum duration is the shortest duration from when the first device sends the downlink information to when the second device sends uplink information, and the first maximum duration is the longest duration from when the first device sends the downlink information to when the second device sends uplink information.

18. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The waveform of the CW is determined based on the coverage level of the second device.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, The second device is in the first coverage level, and the CW waveform is the first waveform; The second device is in the second coverage level, and the CW waveform is the second waveform; Wherein, the first coverage level is better than the second coverage level, and the first waveform and the second waveform are different.

20. The method according to claim 13, 14, 16, 17, or 19, characterized in that, The first waveform is a non-frequency-hopping single-tone waveform, and the second waveform is a two-tone waveform or a frequency-hopping single-tone waveform.

21. A first device, characterized in that, include: The processing module is used to determine the waveform of the continuous electromagnetic wave (CW), which is used by the second device to send uplink information to the first device.

22. A second device, characterized in that, include: The transceiver module is used to send uplink information to a first device based on continuous electromagnetic wave (CW), wherein the waveform of the CW is determined by the first device.

23. A first device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; The first device is used to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

24. A second device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; The second device is used to perform the method according to any one of claims 11 to 20.

25. A communication system, characterized in that, The device includes a first device and a second device, wherein the first device is configured to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 10, and the second device is configured to implement the method of any one of claims 11 to 20.

26. A storage medium storing instructions, characterized in that, When the instructions are executed on a communication device, the communication device performs the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10 or the method as described in any one of claims 11 to 20.

27. A program product, characterized in that, include: A computer program, when executed by a communication device, causes the communication device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10 or the method as described in any one of claims 11 to 20.

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