Antenna, communication device and communication system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of communications. Provided are an antenna, a communication device and a communication system, which aim to solve the problem of the low flexibility of the signal coverage range of an antenna. The antenna provided in the present application comprises an antenna radome, and a first radiating array, a second radiating array and a rotating mechanism that are located in the antenna radome, wherein the second radiating array is located in the radiation direction of the first radiating array, and the first radiating array and the second radiating array are rotatably disposed in the antenna radome; and the rotating mechanism is used for changing the inclination angles of the first radiating array and the second radiating array. In the antenna provided in the present application, the operating performance of a first radiating array and the operating performance of a second radiating array can be ensured on the basis of a compact structure, and the radiation directions of the first radiating array and the second radiating array can also be adjusted, such that the coverage ranges or radiation directions for signals in different frequency bands can be flexibly adjusted.

Description

An antenna, a communication device, and a communication system

[0001] Cross-reference of related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411921750.2, filed on December 23, 2024, entitled "An Antenna, Communication Device and Communication System", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna, communication equipment, and communication system. Background Technology

[0004] With the development of wireless communication technology, the industry has higher requirements for the coverage range and number of frequency bands of wireless signals. For example, in some current application scenarios, base station antennas are usually used to provide effective signal coverage on the ground. In practical applications, multiple radiation arrays of different frequency bands are configured in a single antenna to achieve a high degree of integration. In current base station antennas, the antenna is generally fixed to the base station mast by an antenna adjustment bracket, which makes the antenna's radiation direction (such as horizontal azimuth and elevation angles) fixed, which is not conducive to fully utilizing the antenna's network performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an antenna, communication device, and communication system that can be flexibly adjusted.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides an antenna, comprising a radome and a first radiating array, a second radiating array, and a rotating mechanism located within the radome. The operating frequency band of the first radiating array is greater than that of the second radiating array, and the second radiating array is located in the radiation direction of the first radiating array. The first and second radiating arrays are rotatably disposed within the radome. The rotating mechanism is connected to the first radiating array for changing the tilt angle of the first radiating array; alternatively, the rotating mechanism is connected to the second radiating array for changing the tilt angle of the second radiating array; or, the rotating mechanism is connected to both the first and second radiating arrays for changing the tilt angles of both the first and second radiating arrays. The tilt angle includes at least one of a horizontal tilt angle and a vertical tilt angle.

[0007] In the example provided in this application, the second radiating array, operating at a lower frequency, can achieve electromagnetic transparency to the first radiating array, operating at a higher frequency. Therefore, the performance of both the first and second radiating arrays can be guaranteed while maintaining a compact structure. Furthermore, the first and second radiating arrays are rotatably mounted within the radome; thus, the radiation direction of the first radiating array can be adjusted by changing its tilt angle. Correspondingly, the radiation direction of the second radiating array can be adjusted by changing its tilt angle, thereby allowing for flexible adjustment of the coverage range or radiation direction of signals in different frequency bands.

[0008] In one example, the first radiation array includes multiple columns of first radiation components, each column of first radiation components including at least one radiator.

[0009] The rotating mechanism is connected to at least one column of first radiating components and is used to change the tilt angle of at least one column of first radiating components, so that the radiation direction of at least one column of first radiating components in the first radiating array can be adjusted individually.

[0010] In one example, in the first radiating array, each column of first radiating components operates in the same frequency band; alternatively, the first radiating array includes at least two columns of first radiating components operating in different frequency bands. That is, the first radiating array can have one operating frequency band or multiple different operating frequency bands.

[0011] In one example, the rotating mechanism may include one or more sub-rotating mechanisms. When the rotating mechanism includes multiple sub-rotating mechanisms, the multiple sub-rotating mechanisms can be independent of each other. Alternatively, at least two sub-rotating mechanisms can be interconnected.

[0012] In one example, the antenna further includes a first moving mechanism connected to a column of first radiating components for adjusting the distance between at least two columns of first radiating components to flexibly adjust the beamwidth of the first radiating array.

[0013] In one example, the second radiation array includes multiple rows of second radiation components, each row of which includes at least one radiator.

[0014] The rotating mechanism is connected to at least one column of second radiating components and is used to change the tilt angle of at least one column of second radiating components, so that the radiation direction of at least one column of second radiating components in the second radiating array can be adjusted individually.

[0015] In one example, in the second radiating array, each column of second radiating components operates in the same frequency band; alternatively, the second radiating array includes at least two columns of second radiating components operating in different frequency bands. That is, the second radiating array can have one operating frequency band or multiple different operating frequency bands.

[0016] In one example, the antenna further includes a second moving mechanism connected to at least one column of second radiating components for adjusting the distance between at least two columns of second radiating components to flexibly adjust the beamwidth of the second radiating array.

[0017] In one example, at least a portion of the second radiation array is projected into the first radiation array along the radiation direction of the first radiation array. That is, the relative positions between the first and second radiation arrays offer good flexibility and versatility.

[0018] In one example, the antenna further includes a first feed network and a second feed network. The first feed network is fed to a first radiating array, and the second feed network is fed to a second radiating array.

[0019] In one example, when the first radiating array includes multiple rows of first radiating components, the first feed network includes multiple first feed units. Each of the multiple first feed units is fixedly connected to one of the multiple rows of first radiating components. This connection between the first feed units and the first radiating components allows for better integration, facilitating easier antenna assembly.

[0020] In one example, when the second radiating array includes multiple rows of second radiating components, the second feed network includes multiple second feed units. Each of the multiple second feed units is fixedly connected to one of the multiple rows of second radiating components. This connection between the second feed units and the second radiating components allows for better integration and facilitates easier antenna assembly.

[0021] Secondly, this application also provides a communication device, including the aforementioned antenna. In practical applications, a pole and an antenna adjustment bracket can also be deployed in the site where the communication device is configured. The antenna can be fixedly mounted on the pole using the antenna adjustment bracket. The spatial attitude of the radome can be adjusted using the antenna adjustment bracket.

[0022] In one example, the communication device may further include a baseband processing unit. The baseband processing unit is connected to a feed network in the antenna. The antenna can be either an active or passive antenna. For example, when the antenna is active, it may include a radio frequency (RF) processing unit, meaning the RF processing unit can be integrated into the antenna, and the baseband processing unit can be connected to the feed network through the RF processing unit. Alternatively, when the antenna is passive, the antenna, RF processing unit, and baseband processing unit are all independently deployed.

[0023] The radio frequency (RF) processing unit can be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signals received by the antenna's vibrator. Alternatively, the RF processing unit can be used to transmit RF signals to the antenna, thereby enabling the antenna to perform signal transmission and reception functions. By applying the above-mentioned antenna, the horizontal beamwidth of the radiating array can be changed to effectively optimize the network performance of communication equipment.

[0024] The baseband processing unit is connected to the radio frequency (RF) processing unit. The RF processing unit can be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna, and convert it into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal or a baseband signal to be sent to the baseband processing unit. Alternatively, the RF processing unit can be used to up-convert and amplify the IF signal emitted by the baseband processing unit, convert it into a wireless signal through the antenna, and send it out.

[0025] Thirdly, this application also provides a communication system, including core network equipment and the aforementioned communication equipment. The communication equipment is communicatively connected to the core network equipment to realize wireless communication functionality. In the communication system provided by this application, by equipping it with the aforementioned communication equipment, the signal transmission and reception performance and signal coverage of the communication system can be effectively improved. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 is a simplified structural diagram of a base station provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 3 is a simplified structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] To facilitate understanding of the antenna provided in the embodiments of this application, its application scenarios will be introduced first below.

[0039] The antenna provided in this application embodiment can be used in communication equipment such as base stations and radar to realize wireless communication functions.

[0040] As shown in Figure 1, this application scenario can include a base station and a terminal. Wireless communication can be achieved between the base station and the terminal. The base station can be located in a base station subsystem (BBS), a UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), or an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), used for cell coverage of wireless signals to enable communication between the terminal device and the wireless network. Specifically, the base station can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Node B (NB) in a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, an evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the base station can be a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable device, or a g node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system, or a base station in a future evolved network, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto.

[0041] In this application, the antenna can also be used in access network equipment, sometimes also called access nodes. Access network equipment has wireless transceiver capabilities for communicating with terminals. Access network equipment includes, but is not limited to, base stations, evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs), transmission reception points (TRPs) in the aforementioned communication systems, next-generation NodeBs (gNBs) in 5G mobile communication systems, future communication networks, access network equipment or modules of access network equipment in Open RAN (ORAN) systems, base stations in future mobile communication systems, or access nodes in WiFi systems. Access network equipment can also be modules or units capable of implementing some of the functions of a base station. For example, access network equipment can be a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU), as described below. In the ORAN system, CU can also be called O-CU, DU can be called open (O)-DU, CU-CP can be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can be called O-CUP-UP, and RU can be called O-RU. Access network equipment can be macro base stations, micro base stations, or indoor stations, relay nodes, donor nodes, or wireless controllers in cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenarios. Optionally, access network equipment can also be servers, wearable devices, or vehicle-mounted equipment. For example, in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology, the access network equipment can be a roadside unit (RSU). Multiple access network devices in a communication system can be base stations of the same type or different types. Base stations can communicate with terminals directly or via relay stations. Terminals can communicate with multiple base stations using different access technologies.

[0042] As shown in Figure 2, a base station provided in this embodiment includes a base station antenna feeder system. In practical applications, the base station antenna feeder system mainly includes an antenna 01, a feeder line 02, and a grounding device 03. The antenna 01 is generally fixed on a mast 04, and the downtilt angle of the antenna 01 can be adjusted by an antenna adjustment bracket 05 to adjust the signal coverage range of the antenna 01 to a certain extent.

[0043] Additionally, the base station may include a radio frequency (RF) processing unit 06 and a baseband processing unit 20. For example, the RF processing unit 06 can be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna 01, converting it into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal or a baseband signal and sending it to the baseband processing unit 20. Alternatively, the RF processing unit 06 can be used to up-convert and amplify the IF signal emitted by the baseband processing unit 20, converting it into a wireless signal through the antenna 01 and transmitting it. The baseband processing unit 20 can be connected to the feed network of the antenna 01 via the RF processing unit 06. In some embodiments, the RF processing unit 06 may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU), and the baseband processing unit 20 may also be referred to as a baseband unit (BBU).

[0044] As shown in Figure 2, in one possible embodiment, the radio frequency (RF) processing unit 06 can be integrated with the antenna 01, while the baseband processing unit 20 is located at the far end of the antenna 01. The RF processing unit 06 and the baseband processing unit 20 can be connected via a feed line 02. In another embodiment, the RF processing unit 06 and the baseband processing unit 20 can both be located at the far end of the antenna 01. Alternatively, in some examples, the RF processing unit 06 can also be mounted near the antenna 01. For example, the RF processing unit 06 can be mounted on a mast 04.

[0045] Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the antenna 01 used in the base station may further include an antenna radome 011, a reflector 012 located within the antenna radome 011, and a feed network 013. The reflector 012 can also be referred to as a base plate. The main function of the feed network 013 is to feed signals to the vibrator 014 with a certain amplitude and phase, or to transmit the wireless signals received by the vibrator 014 to the baseband processing unit 20 of the base station with a certain amplitude and phase. It is understood that, in specific implementations, the feed network 013 may include at least one of the following devices: a phase shifter, a combiner, a transmission or calibration network, or a filter. This application does not limit the components, type, or functions that the feed network 013 can achieve.

[0046] Of course, the antenna 01 described above can also be applied to various other types of communication devices. This application does not limit the application scenarios of the antenna 01.

[0047] It should be noted that, in practical applications, equipment such as the pole 04 and antenna adjustment and fixing bracket 05 can be provided by the site provider. Equipment such as the antenna 01, radio frequency processing unit 06, and baseband processing unit 20 in the base station can be provided by the base station manufacturer.

[0048] Regarding the radome 011, in terms of electrical performance, the radome 011 has good electromagnetic wave penetration, thus not affecting the normal transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves between the vibrator 014 and the outside world. In terms of mechanical performance, the radome 011 has good stress resistance and oxidation resistance, thus being able to withstand the corrosion of harsh external environments.

[0049] The 014 element, also known as a radiator or radiating element, is a basic structural unit of an antenna, capable of effectively transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves. In practical applications, the 014 element can be categorized into single-stage and dual-polarized types. The appropriate type of 014 element can be selected based on actual requirements during configuration.

[0050] With the development of wireless communication technology, the industry has higher requirements for the signal coverage and number of frequency bands of antenna 01.

[0051] For example, as shown in Figure 2, antenna 01 is generally fixed on mast 04, and its downtilt angle can be adjusted via antenna adjustment bracket 05 to adjust the signal coverage range of antenna 01 to a certain extent. However, this adjustment method can only adjust the downtilt angle of the entire antenna 01 as a whole. When antenna 01 includes multiple radiating arrays with different operating frequency bands, the downtilt angles of multiple radiating arrays will change simultaneously.

[0052] Therefore, embodiments of this application provide an antenna capable of individually adjusting the radiating arrays of different operating frequency bands.

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0054] As shown in Figure 4, in one example provided in this application, the antenna 10 includes an radome 11, a first radiating array 12, a second radiating array 13, and a rotating mechanism. The rotating mechanism includes two sub-rotating mechanisms, sub-rotating mechanism 14a and sub-rotating mechanism 14b. The first radiating array 12, the second radiating array 13, the sub-rotating mechanisms 14a and 14b are all located within the radome 11, enabling the radome 11 to effectively protect the first radiating array 12, the second radiating array 13, and the sub-rotating mechanisms 14a and 14b, ensuring the safety of the entire antenna 10. The first radiating array 12 includes multiple rows (six rows shown in Figure 4) of first radiating components 121, each row of which may include at least one radiator 100. The second radiating array 13 includes multiple rows (six rows shown in Figure 4) of second radiating components 131, each row of which may include at least one radiator 100. The number of first radiation components 121 included in the first radiation array 12 and the number of radiators 100 in the first radiation component 121, and the number of second radiation components 131 included in the second radiation array 13 and the number of radiators 100 in the second radiation component 131 are not limited in this application.

[0055] The first radiating array 12 and the second radiating array 13 are stacked inside the radome 11, which avoids significantly increasing the wind load on the antenna 10 and ensures the structural safety and applicability of the antenna 10.

[0056] Alternatively, it can be understood that when the first radiating array 12 and the second radiating array 13 are located in approximately the same plane, the radome 11 needs to have a larger area to accommodate the first radiating array 12 and the second radiating array 13, thus significantly increasing the wind load on the antenna 10. In windy conditions, the antenna 10 is prone to deformation, swaying, or even detachment. In the example provided in this application, the first radiating array 12 and the second radiating array 13 are stacked, which effectively utilizes the height space of the antenna 10 and avoids significantly increasing the area of ​​the antenna 10, resulting in a lower wind load on the antenna 10. This makes the antenna 10 less susceptible to damage in strong winds. Furthermore, the antenna 10 can be better applied in windy environments, thus having a wider range of applications.

[0057] In the example shown in Figure 4, the second radiating array 13 is located along the radiation direction of the first radiating array 12, and the operating frequency band of the first radiating array 12 is greater than that of the second radiating array 13. Higher-frequency electromagnetic waves have better electromagnetic penetration when passing through the second radiating array 13 and are less likely to cause significant interference. That is, in the example provided in this application, the lower-frequency second radiating array 13 can achieve electromagnetic transparency to the higher-frequency first radiating array 12, thus ensuring the operational performance of both the first and second radiating arrays 12 while maintaining a compact structure. The first radiating array 12 can have one or more operating frequency bands. The second radiating array 13 can also have one or more operating frequency bands. Furthermore, the statement that the operating frequency band of the first radiating array 12 is greater than that of the second radiating array 13 means that the lowest operating frequency of the first radiating array 12 corresponds to the highest operating frequency of the second radiating array 13.

[0058] Furthermore, in the example provided in this application, the first radiating array 12 and the second radiating array 13 are rotatably disposed within the radome 11. Therefore, the radiation direction of the first radiating array 12 can be adjusted by adjusting its tilt angle. Correspondingly, the radiation direction of the second radiating array 13 can be adjusted by adjusting its tilt angle. This tilt angle can include a horizontal tilt angle or a vertical tilt angle. For example, when the antenna 10 is used in practice, the rotation direction of the first radiating array 12 can be parallel to the horizontal plane, or it can be at an angle to or perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Similarly, the rotation direction of the second radiating array 13 can be parallel to the horizontal plane, or it can be at an angle to or perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

[0059] Alternatively, by adjusting the tilt angle of the first radiation array 12, the horizontal azimuth or elevation tilt angle of the first radiation array 12 can be flexibly adjusted, thereby flexibly adjusting parameters such as the radiation direction and signal coverage range of the first radiation array 12. Similarly, by adjusting the tilt angle of the second radiation array 13, the horizontal azimuth or elevation tilt angle of the second radiation array 13 can be flexibly adjusted, thereby flexibly adjusting parameters such as the radiation direction and signal coverage range of the second radiation array 13.

[0060] As shown in Figure 4, in one example provided in this application, the antenna 10 includes two rotating mechanisms, namely rotating mechanism 14a and rotating mechanism 14b. Rotating mechanism 14a is connected to the first radiating array 12 and is used to drive the first radiating array 12 to rotate. Rotating mechanism 14b is connected to the second radiating array 13 and is used to drive the second radiating array 13 to rotate.

[0061] In another example, the first radiation array 12 and the second radiation array 13 can be tilted using the same rotating mechanism. This rotating mechanism can adjust the tilt angles of the first radiation array 12 and the second radiation array 13 simultaneously, or it can adjust the tilt angles of the first radiation array 12 and the second radiation array 13 separately.

[0062] The structure or fixing method of the first radiating array 12 in the antenna 10 can be varied.

[0063] For example, as shown in FIG4, in one example provided in this application, the antenna 10 also includes a first feeding component 15.

[0064] The first feeding assembly 15 may include a substrate and a feeding network (not shown in Figure 4). The feeding network may include feeding lines, phase shifters, and other devices. The feeding network may be disposed on the substrate, and all radiators 100 in the first radiating array 12 may be fixedly connected to the substrate. Furthermore, the feeding network is electrically connected to each radiator 100 in the first radiating array 12. Specifically, the substrate may be a substrate used for fabricating printed circuits, or it may be other materials with good mechanical strength.

[0065] Alternatively, in one example, the first power supply assembly 15 may also include other structural components capable of providing fixation and support. For example, the first power supply assembly 15 may include a cavity (such as a commonly used phase shifter cavity).

[0066] Alternatively, in one example, the antenna 10 may also include a reflector, and the radiators 100 in the first radiating array 12 may be fixed to the reflective surface of the reflector. The first feed network may be fixed to the reflective surface or the back side of the reflector.

[0067] Alternatively, in some examples, the first radiation array 12 may also include a support structure. Each radiator 100 in the first radiation array 12 may be fixedly connected to the support.

[0068] In summary, in practical applications, the radiators 100 in the first radiation array 12 can be fixed in various ways. Additionally, the sub-rotation mechanism 14a can be connected to the aforementioned substrate, cavity, reflector, or support structure to drive the first radiation array 12 to rotate; these details will not be elaborated further here.

[0069] In addition, the structure or fixing method of the second radiating array 13 in the antenna 10 can be varied.

[0070] For example, as shown in Figure 4, in one example provided in this application, the antenna 10 also includes a second feeding component 16.

[0071] The second feeding assembly 16 may include a substrate and a feeding network (not shown in Figure 4). The feeding network may include feeding lines, phase shifters, and other devices. The feeding network may be disposed on the substrate, and the radiators in the second radiating array 13 may be fixedly connected to the substrate. Furthermore, the feeding network is electrically connected to each radiator 100 in the second radiating array 13. Specifically, the substrate may be a substrate used for fabricating printed circuits, or it may be other materials with good mechanical strength.

[0072] Alternatively, in one example, the second feed assembly 16 may also include other structural components capable of providing fixation and support. For example, the second feed assembly 16 may include a cavity (such as a commonly used phase shifter cavity).

[0073] Alternatively, in some examples, the second radiating array 13 may also include a support structure. Each oscillator in the second radiating array 13 may be fixedly connected to the support.

[0074] In summary, in practical applications, the radiators 100 in the second radiation array 13 can be fixed in various ways. Additionally, the sub-rotation mechanism 14b can be connected to the aforementioned substrate, cavity, reflector, or support structure to drive the rotation of the second radiation array 13; these details will not be elaborated further here.

[0075] In practical applications, the types of sub-rotating mechanisms 14a and 14b can be varied. Sub-rotating mechanisms 14a and 14b can be of different types or the same type.

[0076] For example, as shown in Figure 4, in one example provided in the application, the sub-rotation mechanism 14a includes a motor (not shown in Figure 4), a sub-rotation shaft 141a, and a mounting bracket 142a. The mounting bracket 142a is fixedly connected to the first feed assembly 15, and the motor can be fixed inside the radome 11. One end of the sub-rotation shaft 141a is connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the other end of the sub-rotation shaft 141a is connected to the mounting bracket 142a. When the output shaft of the motor rotates, it drives the rotation shaft 141a to rotate synchronously. When the rotation shaft 141a rotates, it drives the mounting bracket 142a to rotate, ultimately causing the first radiating array 12 to rotate around the axis of the rotation shaft 141a, thereby achieving the adjustment of the pitch angle.

[0077] It should be noted that, in the example provided in this application, the rotating shaft 141a (or the fixing bracket 142a) is approximately located in the middle of the first power supply assembly 15 or the first radiation array 12. In other examples, the rotating shaft 141a (or the fixing bracket 142a) may also be fixed at or near the edge of the first power supply assembly 15. In specific configurations, the position of the rotating shaft 141a (or the fixing bracket 142a) can be reasonably set according to actual needs, and will not be elaborated here.

[0078] In one example, the antenna 10 may also include a controller, which can be connected to the motor signal. The controller can send control signals to the motor to adjust the rotation angle of the motor's output shaft, so that the first radiating array 12 rotates to the desired tilt angle. Additionally, in specific configurations, the antenna 10 may also include an attitude sensor, such as a Hall sensor or a gyroscope. The attitude sensor can effectively detect the tilt angle of the first radiating array 12. The controller can send control signals to the motor based on the signals detected by the attitude sensor, thereby achieving high-precision adjustment of the tilt angle of the first radiating array 12.

[0079] In specific configurations, the attitude sensor can indirectly detect the tilt angle of the first radiation array 12 by detecting the rotation angle of the motor's output shaft or rotating shaft 141a. Alternatively, the attitude sensor can directly detect the tilt angle of the first radiation array 12.

[0080] Alternatively, in some examples, the controller can also constrain the maximum tilt angle of the first radiating array 12 based on the detection signal of the attitude sensor to prevent the first radiating array 12 from being excessively rotated and colliding with the radome 11, thereby ensuring the safety of the antenna 10 in use.

[0081] In practical applications, the type and setting method of the attitude sensor can be reasonably selected according to actual needs, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0082] In other examples, the rotating shaft 141a can also be the output shaft of a motor. Alternatively, the motor can be another actuator capable of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, such as a hydraulic pump. Furthermore, the rotating mechanism may include transmission components such as worm gears, gears, or connecting rods. In specific applications, the components included in the sub-rotating mechanism 14a can be appropriately selected according to actual needs to enable the sub-rotating mechanism 14a to adjust the tilt angle of the first radial array 12; details will not be elaborated here.

[0083] Alternatively, in some examples, the sub-rotating mechanism 14a can be manually driven. For example, a human hand can apply a force to the sub-rotating mechanism 14a, causing it to drive the first radiation array 12 to rotate. Alternatively, a human hand can directly apply a force to the first radiation array 12, causing it to rotate.

[0084] In the example above, the illustration is exemplified by connecting the sub-rotating mechanism 14a to the first radiating array 12 to drive the first radiating array 12 to rotate. The sub-rotating mechanism 14b and the second radiating array 13 can also be configured similarly to the connection method of the sub-rotating mechanism 14a and the first radiating array 12 described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0085] In simple terms, the sub-rotation mechanism 14b includes a motor (not shown in Figure 4), a rotation shaft 141b, and a mounting bracket 142b. The mounting bracket 142b is fixedly connected to the second feed assembly, and the motor can be fixed inside the radome 11. One end of the rotation shaft 141b is connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the other end of the rotation shaft 141b is connected to the mounting bracket 142b. When the output shaft of the motor rotates, it drives the rotation shaft 141b to rotate synchronously. When the rotation shaft 141b rotates, it drives the mounting bracket 142b to rotate, ultimately causing the second radiating array 13 to rotate around the axis of the rotation shaft 141b, thereby achieving the adjustment of the pitch angle.

[0086] It should be noted that the above example illustrates a rotary mechanism comprising two sub-rotating mechanisms. In other examples, the rotary mechanism may include only one sub-rotating mechanism. Alternatively, the rotary mechanism may include multiple sub-rotating mechanisms. When the rotary mechanism includes multiple sub-rotating mechanisms, these sub-rotating mechanisms can be independent of each other. For example, in the example provided in Figure 4, sub-rotating mechanisms 14a and 14b are two independent sub-rotating mechanisms that can independently generate rotational motion. Alternatively, in some examples, sub-rotating mechanisms 14a and 14b can be interconnected. For example, sub-rotating mechanisms 14a and 14b can be connected to the output shaft of the same motor.

[0087] In other examples, the first radiating array 12 or the second radiating array 13 may also have degrees of freedom to move relative to each other. For example, the relative distance or relative attitude between the first radiating array 12 and the second radiating array 13 can be adjusted. In practical applications, a slide rail or similar structure can be configured in the antenna 10, and both the first radiating array 12 and the second radiating array 13 can be connected to the slide rail. The slide rail or similar structure allows the first radiating array 12 and the second radiating array 13 to be effectively mounted within the radome 11, and relative movement between them allows for effective adjustment of the distance between them.

[0088] In one implementation, various types of mechanical structures can be configured to enable relative movement between the first radiation array 12 and the second radiation array 13. In specific configurations, appropriate mechanical structures can be selected according to actual needs; this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0089] Furthermore, the above example illustrates the principle of rotating or moving the entire first radiation array 12 or the second radiation array 13 as a whole. In another example, some of the first radiation components in the first radiation array 12 may also rotate or move individually. Similarly, some of the second radiation components in the second radiation array 13 may also rotate or move individually.

[0090] To facilitate a clear understanding of the technical solution of this application, the following will provide an exemplary description using the example of a first radiation array 12 comprising two first radiation components and a second radiation array 13 comprising two second radiation components.

[0091] For example, as shown in FIG5, in one example provided in this application, the first radiation array 12 includes a first radiation component 121a and a first radiation component 121b. The second radiation array 13 includes a second radiation component 131a and a second radiation component 131b.

[0092] The first radiating components 121a and 121b are rotatably disposed within the radome 11. Furthermore, both the first radiating components 121a and 121b can rotate independently.

[0093] In one example, the first radiating component 121a and the first radiating component 121b may be connected to the same rotating mechanism, which allows the first radiating component 121a and the first radiating component 121b to rotate independently. In other words, the rotating mechanism may include a sub-rotating mechanism that can be connected to both the first radiating component 121a and the first radiating component 121b.

[0094] The second radiation array 13 includes a second radiation component 131a and a second radiation component 131b.

[0095] The second radiating component 131a and the second radiating component 131b are rotatably disposed within the radome 11. Furthermore, both the second radiating component 131a and the second radiating component 131b can rotate independently.

[0096] In one example, the second radiating component 131a and the second radiating component 131b may be connected to the same rotating mechanism, which allows the second radiating component 131a and the second radiating component 131b to rotate independently. In other words, the rotating mechanism may include a sub-rotating mechanism that can be connected to both the second radiating component 131a and the second radiating component 131b.

[0097] It should be noted that the second power supply assembly 16 includes two power supply units, namely power supply unit 16a and power supply unit 16b. Power supply unit 16a is fixedly connected to the second radiation assembly 131a, and power supply unit 16b is fixedly connected to the second radiation assembly 131b.

[0098] That is, each second radiating component is equipped with an independent feeding unit, and the feeding unit 16a and the second radiating component 131a can rotate simultaneously, as can the feeding unit 16b and the second radiating component 131b.

[0099] In other examples, different second radiating components can also share a single feeding unit. In specific applications, this can be appropriately configured according to actual needs, and will not be elaborated upon here. Additionally, the first feeding component can also include multiple feeding units, with each first radiating component equipped with an independent feeding unit; this will not be elaborated upon here either.

[0100] In another example, the first radiating component 121a and the first radiating component 121b may operate in the same or different frequency bands. Correspondingly, the second radiating component 131a and the second radiating component 131b may operate in the same or different frequency bands.

[0101] It should be noted that the above example illustrates a scenario where the first radiation array 12 includes two first radiation components, and both first radiation components can rotate independently. In other examples, the first radiation array 12 may include one independently rotatable first radiation component. Alternatively, all first radiation components in the first radiation array 12 may rotate independently. In summary, the first radiation array 12 may include at least one independently rotatable first radiation component. Similarly, the above example illustrates a scenario where the second radiation array 13 includes two second radiation components, and both second radiation components can rotate independently. In other examples, the second radiation array 13 may include one independently rotatable second radiation component. Alternatively, all second radiation components in the second radiation array 13 may rotate independently. In summary, the second radiation array 13 may include at least one independently rotatable second radiation component.

[0102] Alternatively, in some examples, the first radiating component 121a and the first radiating component 121b can be moved relative to each other to adjust the spacing between the first radiating components 121a and 121b.

[0103] For example, a moving mechanism may also be configured in the antenna 10, which is connected to at least one column of first radiating components for adjusting the spacing between at least two columns of first radiating components.

[0104] For example, as shown in Figure 6, in one example provided in this application, both the first radiating component 121a and the first radiating component 121b can move independently. In one example, the first radiating component 121a and the first radiating component 121b can be mounted inside the radome 11 via a mechanical structure such as a sliding bracket, allowing relative movement between them. In specific configurations, the type of mechanical structure can be reasonably selected and adjusted according to actual needs, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0105] In one example, a first moving mechanism (not shown in FIG. 6) can be connected to the first radiating components 121a and 121b. The first moving mechanism can move either the first radiating component 121a or the first radiating component 121b, thereby adjusting the distance between them and thus adjusting the beamwidth of the first radiating array 12. It should be noted that when the distance between the first radiating components 121a and 121b is close, the beamwidth of the first radiating array 12 can be increased. Conversely, when the distance between the first radiating components 121a and 121b is large, the beamwidth of the first radiating array 12 can be decreased.

[0106] In one example, the first moving mechanism can be manually driven or automatically driven by a motor or other driving device. In practical applications, the driving method of the first moving structure can be reasonably selected and adjusted according to actual needs.

[0107] Additionally, it should be noted that the above example is exemplified by the premise that both the first radiating component 121a and the first radiating component 121b can move independently. In other examples, the first radiating component 121a may be immovable, or the first radiating component 121b may be immovable. That is, the distance between the first radiating component 121a and the first radiating component 121b can be changed when the first radiating component 121a moves independently. Alternatively, the distance between the first radiating component 121a and other first radiating components in the first radiating array 12 can also be changed when the first radiating component 121a moves independently.

[0108] In summary, in one example, the first radiating array 12 may include at least one column of movable first radiating elements. When the movable first radiating element moves, the distance between the first radiating element and other first radiating elements can be changed, thereby effectively adjusting the beamwidth of the first radiating array 12.

[0109] Furthermore, in the example provided in Figure 6, the second radiation array 13 includes two second radiation components, namely second radiation component 131a and second radiation component 131b. Either second radiation component 131a or second radiation component 131b can move. Alternatively, both second radiation component 131a and second radiation component 131b can move independently. When configuring the movement of the second radiation components 131a and 131b, a similar configuration can be applied as described above for the first radiation components 121a and 121b, and will not be repeated here.

[0110] In summary, in one example, the first radiation array 12 can move or rotate as a whole, or both. Alternatively, at least some radiators of the first radiation array 12 can move or rotate independently, or both. Correspondingly, the second radiation array 13 can move or rotate as a whole, or both. Alternatively, at least some radiators of the second radiation array 13 can move or rotate independently, or both.

[0111] It should be noted that the above example is an illustrative illustration using antenna 10 as an example that includes two radiating arrays. In other examples, antenna 10 may include more radiating arrays.

[0112] For example, as shown in Figure 7, in one example provided in this application, the antenna 10 also includes a third radiating array 17. The first radiating array 12, the second radiating array 13, and the third radiating array 17 are stacked sequentially. The operating frequency band of the third radiating array 17 is lower than that of the second radiating array 13, and the operating frequency band of the second radiating array 13 is lower than that of the first radiating array 12. The higher-frequency electromagnetic waves generated by the first radiating array 12 have good electromagnetic penetration when passing through the second radiating array 13 and the third radiating array 17, and are less likely to cause significant interference. That is, in the example provided in this application, the lower-frequency third radiating array 17 and the second radiating array 13 can achieve electromagnetic transparency to the higher-frequency first radiating array 12. Correspondingly, the lower-frequency third radiating array 17 can achieve electromagnetic transparency to the higher-frequency second radiating array 13. Therefore, the operating performance of the first radiating array 12, the second radiating array 13, and the third radiating array 17 can be guaranteed while maintaining a compact structure. It should be noted that there are various ways to achieve electromagnetic transparency. For example, the rotating mechanism can be made of non-metallic materials such as plastic or resin. Alternatively, in one implementation, the rotating mechanism can employ a miniaturized structural design. For example, when some components of the rotating mechanism are made of metal, a camouflage made of a metasurface or similar material can be used to cover the surface of these components to achieve electromagnetic transparency. Alternatively, the equivalent electrical length of the component can be less than or equal to 1 / 8 wavelength of the highest operating frequency of the second radiation array 13 to avoid affecting the radiation performance of the second radiation array 13. Specifically, 1 / 8 wavelength of the highest operating frequency of the second radiation array 13 refers to 1 / 8 of the wavelength corresponding to the highest frequency electromagnetic wave radiated by the second radiation array 13 propagating in space.

[0113] It is understandable that when designing the electromagnetic transparency of the moving mechanism, the same or similar settings can be used in the manner described above for the rotating mechanism, which will not be elaborated here.

[0114] Along the radiation direction of the first radiation array 12, the projection of the second radiation array 13 may lie within the first radiation array 12, or a portion of the projection of the second radiation array 13 may lie within the first radiation array 12. Alternatively, it can be understood that in some cases, the area of ​​the first radiation array 12 may be greater than, less than, or equal to the area of ​​the second radiation array 13. Furthermore, the projection of the third radiation array 17 can be similarly configured to the second radiation array 13 described above, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0115] Alternatively, as shown in Figure 8, in another example provided in this application, the third radiating array 17 and the second radiating array 13 are located in approximately the same plane. It should be noted that when the third radiating array 17 and the first radiating array 12 are located in approximately the same plane, the operating frequency band of the third radiating array 17 can be greater than, less than, or equal to the operating frequency band of the second radiating array 13. Furthermore, the operating frequency bands of both the second radiating array 13 and the third radiating array 17 are less than the operating frequency band of the first radiating array 12.

[0116] Alternatively, as shown in Figure 9, in another example provided in this application, the third radiating array 17 and the first radiating array 12 are located in approximately the same plane. It should be noted that when the third radiating array 17 and the first radiating array 12 are located in approximately the same plane, or when the second radiating array 13 is located in the radiation direction of the third radiating array 17, the operating frequency band of the third radiating array 17 is greater than the operating frequency band of the second radiating array 13, to prevent the second radiating array 13 from degrading the radiation performance of the third radiating array 17.

[0117] When configuring the third radiating array 17, it can be fixed inside the radome 11. Alternatively, the third radiating array 17 can be rotatable, or at least some of the radiators in the third radiating array 17 can be movable or rotatable.

[0118] Alternatively, in some examples, the plurality of first radiating components in the first radiating array 12 may be located in substantially the same plane, or the plurality of first radiating components in the first radiating array 12 may be located in different planes. Alternatively, the plurality of second radiating components in the second radiating array 13 may be located in substantially the same plane, or the plurality of second radiating components in the second radiating array 13 may be located in different planes.

[0119] It should be noted that, in practical applications, the antenna 10 described above can be used in various types of communication equipment such as base stations.

[0120] For example, as shown in Figure 10, taking a communication device as a base station as an example, the base station may include a mast 04 and an antenna adjustment and mounting bracket 05. The antenna 10 can be fixedly mounted on the mast 04 via the antenna adjustment and mounting bracket 05. Specifically, the antenna adjustment and mounting bracket 05 is connected between the radome 11 and the mast 04, used to effectively fix the radome 11 to the mast 04. In addition, in specific applications, the spatial attitude of the radome 11 can also be adjusted via the antenna adjustment and mounting bracket 05. In specific settings, the antenna adjustment and mounting bracket 05 can be of a commonly used type. Furthermore, the connection method between the antenna adjustment and mounting bracket 05, the mast 04, and the radome 11 can also adopt a commonly used type, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0121] Of course, in practical applications, the base station may also include a feeder 02, a grounding device 03, an RF processing unit 06, and a baseband processing unit 20. Simply put, the RF processing unit 06 can be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna, converting it into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal or a baseband signal and sending it to the baseband processing unit 20. Alternatively, the RF processing unit 06 can be used to up-convert and amplify the IF signal emitted by the baseband processing unit 20, converting it into a wireless signal through the antenna 01 and transmitting it. The baseband processing unit 20 can be connected to the feed network of the antenna 01 via the RF processing unit 06. In some embodiments, the RF processing unit 06 may also be called a remote radio unit (RRU), and the baseband processing unit 20 may also be called a baseband unit (BBU).

[0122] Additionally, as shown in Figure 11, this application embodiment also provides a communication system, including communication equipment and core network equipment. The communication equipment is communicatively connected to a terminal. The core network equipment includes, but is not limited to, mobility management equipment, serving gateways, and wireless gateways.

[0123] In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions of different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features of different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0124] In this application, "multiple" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural.

[0125] It is understood that the various numerical designations used in the embodiments of this application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The order of the process numbers described above does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, It includes an antenna radome and a first radiating array, a second radiating array, and a rotating mechanism located within the antenna radome, wherein the operating frequency band of the first radiating array is greater than the operating frequency band of the second radiating array; The second radiation array is located in the radiation direction of the first radiation array; The first radiating array and the second radiating array are rotatably disposed within the radome; The rotating mechanism is connected to the first radiation array and is used to change the tilt angle of the first radiation array; or, the rotating mechanism is connected to the second radiation array and is used to change the tilt angle of the second radiation array. Alternatively, the rotating mechanism is connected to both the first and second radiation arrays to change the tilt angles of the first and second radiation arrays; The tilt angle includes at least one of a horizontal tilt angle and a vertical tilt angle.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first radiation array includes multiple columns of first radiation components, and each column of first radiation components includes at least one radiator.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rotating mechanism is connected to at least one column of the first radiating components and is used to change the tilt angle of the at least one column of the first radiating components.

4. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The rotating mechanism includes one or more sub-rotating mechanisms.

5. The antenna according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, In the first radiation array, each column of the first radiation components operates at the same frequency band, or the first radiation array includes at least two columns of first radiation components with different operating frequency bands.

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a first moving mechanism connected to one column of the first radiating components for adjusting the distance between at least two columns of the first radiating components.

7. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The second radiation array includes multiple rows of second radiation components, and each row of second radiation components includes at least one radiator.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The rotating mechanism is connected to at least one column of the second radiating components and is used to change the tilt angle of the at least one column of the second radiating components.

9. The antenna according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, In the second radiation array, each column of the second radiation components operates at the same frequency band, or the second radiation array includes at least two columns of second radiation components with different operating frequency bands.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a second moving mechanism, the second... It is connected to at least one column of the second radiating components for adjusting the distance between at least two columns of the second radiating components.

11. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, Along the radiation direction of the first radiation array, at least a portion of the second radiation array is projected into the first radiation array.

12. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The antenna also includes a first feed network and a second feed network; The first feeding network is connected to the first radiating array, and the second feeding network is connected to the second radiating array.

13. The antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that, When the first radiating array includes multiple columns of first radiating components, the first feed network includes multiple first feed units; Multiple first power supply units are fixedly connected to multiple columns of first radiation components.

14. The antenna according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, When the second radiating array includes multiple rows of second radiating components, the second feeding network includes multiple second feeding units; Multiple second power supply units are fixedly connected to multiple rows of second radiation components.

15. A communication device, characterized in that, The antenna includes any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. The communication device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The communication device further includes a baseband processing unit, which is connected to the feed network in the antenna.

17. The communication device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The baseband processing unit is connected to the feed network; or, the antenna includes a radio frequency processing unit, and the baseband processing unit is connected to the feed network through the radio frequency processing unit.

18. A communication system, characterized in that, It includes core network equipment and communication equipment as described in any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the communication equipment is communicatively connected to the core network equipment.

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