Communication for ambient internet of things
By incorporating frequency and time indices in the random ID response message, the method addresses A-IoT device collisions in wireless communications, enhancing the accuracy and reducing errors in A-IoT random access procedures.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LENOVO (BEIJING) LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-09
AI Technical Summary
In wireless communications systems, particularly for ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices, the handling of device collisions during random access procedures is challenging, especially with the introduction of multiple time-occasions for message 1 (MSG1) transmission in newer radio access technologies like NR, where existing solutions relying on frequency information alone are insufficient.
A communication method where a first device receives access random ID messages from multiple second devices and transmits a random ID response message containing resource information, including frequency and/or time indices for the reception of these messages, to resolve collisions by specifying the exact occasions of message reception.
This approach effectively reduces device collision errors by providing precise resource information, improving the accuracy of message reception and reducing error probabilities in A-IoT random access procedures.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025122722_09072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION FOR AMBIENT INTERNET OF THINGSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to methods and apparatuses of communication for ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) .BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station (BS) may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Enhancements for solutions for A-IoT in new radio (NR) outdoor for active A-IoT devices is being studied. More than two time-occasions for message 1 (MSG1) transmission has been proposed. In this case, collision handling of active A-IoT devices needs to be further studied.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses that support a communication for A-IoT. By transmitting a random identity (ID) response message comprising resource information of reception of random ID message (s) , device collision may be handled.
[0005] In the context of the present disclosure, an apparatus may be implemented as a network entity or UE or A-IoT device, or a part of the network entity or UE or A-IoT device. In some implementations, the apparatus may be implemented as a processor at the network entity or UE or A-IoT device. It is to be noted that the term ‘first device’ herein may refer to an A-IoT reader communicating with an A-IoT device. The A-IoT reader is a network entity (e.g., base station) or UE. The term ‘second device’ herein may refer to an A-IoT device. The A-IoT reader or A-IoT device may also be named in any other ways.
[0006] In one aspect, some implementations of a first device described herein may comprise: a processor; and a transceiver coupled to the processor. The processor is configured to: receive, from one or more second devices via the transceiver, one or more access random ID messages; and transmit, to the one or more second devices via the transceiver, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of the one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of a second device comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a reception of an access random ID message from the second device, or a time index of a time occasion for a reception of the access random ID message from the second device, the frequency index, or the time index.
[0007] Some implementations of a method performed at a first device described herein may comprise: receiving, from one or more second devices, one or more access random ID messages; and transmitting, to the one or more second devices, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of the one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of a second device comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a reception of an access random ID message from the second device, or a time index of a time occasion for a reception of the access random ID message from the second device, the frequency index, or the time index.
[0008] Some implementations of a processor for wireless communication described herein may include at least one memory and a controller. The controller is coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from one or more second devices, one or more access random ID messages; and transmit, to the one or more second devices, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of the one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of a second device comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a reception of an access random ID message from the second device, or a time index of a time occasion for a reception of the access random ID message from the second device, the frequency index, or the time index.
[0009] In some implementations, an access random ID message of the one or more access random ID messages is carried by a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission.
[0010] In some implementations, the random ID response message is carried by a physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) .
[0011] In some implementations, a number of frequency occasions for reception of the access random ID message is not smaller than a number of time occasions for reception of the access random ID message, and the resource information of the reception of the access random ID message comprises the frequency index of a frequency occasion.
[0012] In some implementations, a number of frequency occasions for reception the access random ID message is smaller than a number of time occasions for reception the access random ID message, and the resource information of the reception of the access random ID message comprises the time index of a time occasion.
[0013] In some implementations, the one or more access random ID messages are transmitted in a first number of time occasions, and the first number is equal to or larger than 1 and smaller than a number of time occasions for the one or more access random ID messages.
[0014] In some implementations, the indication comprises 2 bits to indicate one of the following: both the frequency index and the time index are not present, the frequency index is present, the time index is present, or both the frequency index and the time index are present.
[0015] In some implementations, a bitwidth of the resource information associated with the random ID of the second device is determined based on at least one of a maximum number of frequency occasions for the reception of the access random ID message or a maximum number of time occasions for the reception of the access random ID message.
[0016] In some implementations, wherein a bitwidth of the resource information associated with the random ID of the second device is determined based on at least one of a number of frequency occasions or a number of time occasions indicated in a paging message.
[0017] In some implementations, the at least part of the one or more random IDs comprises all of the one or more random IDs.
[0018] In some implementations, the at least part of the one or more random IDs comprises a subset of the one or more random IDs, and wherein the random ID response message further comprises a number of random IDs in the subset.
[0019] In some implementations, the first device is a UE or a base station, and the second device is an A-IoT device.
[0020] In another aspect, some implementations of a second device described herein may comprise: a processor; and a transceiver coupled to the processor. The processor is configured to: transmit, to a first device via the transceiver, an access random ID message; and receive, from the first device via the transceiver, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of the second device comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a transmission of the access random ID message, or a time index of a time occasion for the transmission of the access random ID message, the frequency index, or the time index.
[0021] Some implementations of a method performed at a second device described herein may comprise: transmitting, to a first device, an access random ID message; and receiving, from the first device, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of the second device comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a transmission of the access random ID message, or a time index of a time occasion for the transmission of the access random ID message, the frequency index, or the time index.
[0022] Some implementations of a processor for wireless communication described herein may include at least one memory and a controller. The controller is coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: transmit, to a first device, an access random ID message; and receive, from the first device, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of the second device comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a transmission of the access random ID message, or a time index of a time occasion for the transmission of the access random ID message, the frequency index, or the time index.
[0023] In some implementations, the access random ID message is carried by a D2R transmission.
[0024] In some implementations, the random ID response message is carried by a PRDCH.
[0025] In some implementations, a number of frequency occasions for transmission of the access random ID message is not smaller than a number of time occasions for transmission of the access random ID message, and the resource information of the reception of the access randm ID message comprises the frequency index of a frequency occasion.
[0026] In some implementations, a number of frequency occasions for transmission of the access random ID message is smaller than a number of time occasions for transmission of the access random ID message, and the resource information of the reception of the access randm ID message comprises the time index of time occasion.
[0027] In some implementations, one or more access random ID messages are transmitted in a first number of time occasions by one or more second devices, and the first number is equal to or larger than 1 and smaller than a number of time occasions for the one or more access random ID messages.
[0028] In some implementations, the indication comprises 2 bits to indicate one of the following: both the frequency index and the time index are not present, the frequency index is present, the time index is present, or both the frequency index and the time index are present.
[0029] In some implementations, a bitwidth of the resource information associated with the random ID is determined based on at least one of a maximum number of frequency occasions for the transmission of the access random ID message or a maximum number of time occasions for the transmission of the access random ID message.
[0030] In some implementations, a bitwidth of the resource information associated with the random ID is determined based on at least one of a number of frequency occasions or a number of time occasions indicated in a paging message.
[0031] In some implementations, the at least part of the one or more random IDs comprise all of the one or more second devices.
[0032] In some implementations, the at least part of the one or more random IDs comprises a subset of the one or more random IDs, and wherein the random ID response message further comprises a number of random IDs in the subset.
[0033] In some implementations, the first device is a UE or a base station, and the second device is an A-IoT device.
[0034] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of implementations of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0035] Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports a communication for A-IoT in which aspects of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0036] Fig. 2 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process of communication for A-IoT in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0037] Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate a diagram illustrating error probability comparision in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0038] Fig. 5 illustrates an example of a message 2 (MSG2) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0039] Fig. 6 illustrates an example of a device that supports a communication for A-IoT in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0040] Fig. 7 illustrates an example of a processor that supports a communication for A-IoT in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0041] Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate a flowchart of an example method that supports a communication for A-IoT in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0042] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some implementations. It is to be understood that these implementations are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described less than or equal to.
[0043] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0044] References in the present disclosure to “one implementation, ” “an example implementation, ” “an implementation, ” “some implementations, ” and the like indicate that the implementation (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every implementation includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same implementation (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an implementation, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other implementations whether or not explicitly described.
[0045] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of implementations. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0046] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to be limiting of example implementations. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0047] In the context of the present disclosure, the term “A-IoT” may be interchangeably used with “passive IoT” . The term “R2D transmission” may refer to a transmission from an A-IoT reader to an A-IoT device, and the term “D2R transmission” may refer to a transmission from an A-IoT device to an A-IoT reader. The term “random access” herein may refer to a random access between an A-IoT device and an A-IoT reader, and may be interchangeably used with “A-IoT random access” or “random access procedure” or “A-IoT random access procedure” or “A-IoT random access channel (RACH) procedure” or “RACH procedure” .
[0048] The term “A-IoT device” herein refers to a device that supports A-IoT radio interface towards an A-IoT reader. The term “A-IoT MSG1” refers to a first D2R message transmission in an A-IoT contention based random access (CBRA) procedure. The term “A-IoT MSG2” refers to an R2D message in response to A-IoT MSG1 in an A-IoT CBRA procedure. The term “A-IoT reader” refers to a reader providing A-IoT protocol terminations towards an A-IoT device. The term “access occasion” refers to a time-frequency resource for A-IoT device (s) to transmit A-IoT MSG1 (i.e., the Random ID message) during an A-IoT CBRA procedure. The term “AS ID” refers to an AS layer identifier to address a specific A-IoT device for R2D reception and D2R scheduling. The term “BS reader” or “gNB-reader” refers to a node providing A-IoT protocol terminations towards an A-IoT device.
[0049] In Release 19 (R19) A-IoT system within each access slot reader could indicate multiple resources for D2R transmission carrying MSG1. To address the issue that multiple A-IoT devices select same 16 bits random number (RN16) and they are all echoed in a same MSG2, 3-bit frequency index is optional included with each echoed random ID in MSG2. However, in Release 20 (R20) active A-IoT devices, if more than two time-occasions is supported, only frequency information in MSG2 is not sufficient.
[0050] In view of this, implementations of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication for A-IoT so as to handle collision in random access procedure. In one aspect, a first device receives, from one or more second devices, one or more access random ID messages. The first device transmits, to the one or more second devices, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of the one or more second devices, and resource information of reception of one or more access random ID messages of at least part of the one or more second devices. Resource information of reception of an access random ID message of a second device in the at least part of the one or more second devices comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for the reception of the access random ID message of the second device or a time index of a time occasion for the reception of the access random ID message of the second device; the frequency index; or the time index. In this way, collision in random access procedure is resolved.
[0051] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0052] Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports a communication for A-IoT in which aspects of the present disclosure can be implemented. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) . For convenience, network entities 102-1, 102-2 and 102-3 are shown and are collectively referred to as one or more network entities 102 hereinafter. The wireless communications system 100 may further include one or more A-IoT devices 101, one or more UEs 104, a CN 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0053] The one or more A-IoT devices 101 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. An A-IoT device 101 may be a battery-less device with no energy storage capability or a device with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually. The A-IoT device 101 may comprise an energy harvesting module and a backscattering module. The A-IoT device 101 may receive an energy supply signal or command via the energy harvesting module and backscatter a signal via the backscattering module.
[0054] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0055] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0056] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0057] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in Fig. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an IAB node, or another network equipment) , as shown in Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0058] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0059] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0060] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an IAB network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0061] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0062] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0063] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0064] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0065] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core, or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include one or more core network devices 103. A core network device 103 may be a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) or a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc.) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0066] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0067] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0068] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0069] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0070] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0071] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0072] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0073] In R19 A-IoT system within each access slot reader could indicate multiple resources for D2R transmission carrying MSG1, for example, X=1 / 2, where X is a number of access occasions in time domain, and 1<=Y<=8, where Y is a number of access occasions in frequency domain. To address the issue that multiple A-IoT devices select same RN16 and they are all echoed in a same MSG2, 3-bit frequency index of the reception of MSG1 is optional included with each echoed random ID in MSG2. However, in R20 active A-IoT devices will be supported which have better clock than R19 A-IoT devices, so that more than two time-occasions has been agreed to be studied. If more than two time-occasions is supported, only frequency information of the reception of MSG1 in MSG2 is not sufficient.
[0074] Fig. 2 illustrates a signaling chart of an example process 200 of communication for A-IoT in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described in connection with Fig. 1. The process 200 may involve the A-IoT device 101 as illustrated in Fig. 1, and an A-IoT reader 201. It is to be noted that the A-IoT reader 201 may be the network entity 102 or the UE 104 as illustrated in Fig. 1.
[0075] As shown in Fig. 2, at step 210, the A-IoT reader 201 may receive, from A-IoT device (s) , one or more access random ID messages.
[0076] It is assumed that the A-IoT device (s) includes the A-IoT device 101. It is to be understood that each A-IoT device may transmit an access random ID message. The access random ID message comprises a random ID of the A-IoT device, e.g. an RN16. Random IDs of different A-IoT devices may be same. That is, a collision happens. The A-IoT reader 201 may deal with the collision.
[0077] At step 220, the A-IoT reader 201 may transmit, to the A-IoT device (s) , a random ID response message. The random ID response message may comprise one or more random IDs of at least part of the A-IoT device (s) , and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs. Further, the resource information is used to indicate the time-frequecy resource on which the reader has received the one or more access random ID messages from at least part of the A-IoT device (s) . In this way, if two or more devices includes a same random ID in the different access random ID messages on different resource, the reader can clearly indicate to the devices on which resource it receives the random ID. Consequently, the device can learn whether the access random ID message is successfully received by the reader.
[0078] In some implementations, resource information associated with a random ID of an A-IoT device in the at least part of the A-IoT device (s) comprises at least one of the following: an indication (e.g., a Resource Index Present Indication) indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a reception of an access random ID message from the A-IoT device, or a time index of a time occasion for a reception of the access random ID message from the A-IoT device, the frequency index, or the time index.
[0079] In some implementations, an access random ID message of the one or more access random ID messages is carried by a D2R transmission. The access random ID message may also be referred to as a MSG1.
[0080] In some implementations, the random ID response message is carried by a PRDCH. The random ID response message may also be referred to as a message 2 (MSG2) .
[0081] In some implementations, a number of frequency occasions for reception of the access random ID message is not smaller than a number of time occasions for reception of the access random ID message, and the resource information of the reception of the access random ID message may comprise the frequency index of a frequency occasion.
[0082] In some implementations, a number of frequency occasions for reception the access random ID message is smaller than a number of time occasions for reception the access random ID message, and the resource information of the reception of the access random ID message may comprise the time index of a time occasion.
[0083] In this way, a content of the resource information of the reception of the access random ID message may be based on a number of access occasions in time domain and / or access occasions in frequency domain.
[0084] For example, the resource information of the reception of the access random ID message may reuse a field “Frequency index” in R19, and the field may be reinterpreted based on the number of access occasions in time domain and the access occasions in frequency domain.
[0085] A number of time occasions is noted as X, and a number of frequency occasions is noted as Y.
[0086] If Y≥X which means that access occasions in frequency domain is larger than or equal to access occasions in time domain, the field still means the frequency on which the A-IoT reader 201 has detected corresponding MSG1.
[0087] Else, e.g., X>Y which means that access occasions in time domain is larger than the access occasions in frequency domain, the field means the time occasion on which the A-IoT reader 201 has detected corresponding MSG1.
[0088] In some implementations, a same length of the field is maintained, e.g., 3bits.
[0089] In some implementations, the X and Y may be the actual indicated number of time occasions and frequency occasions in a paging message.
[0090] In some implementations, for each echoed RN16, the ‘Frequency index’ or ‘Time index’ may be indicated.
[0091] Fig. 3 illustrates a diagram 300 illustrating error probability comparision in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. 3 (a) shows an R19 case, there are 2 time occasions (X=2) and 8 frequency occasions (Y=8) , in this case if frequency index is included in the MSG2, the error probability could be reduced from 1.83‰to 0.229‰compared to only RN16 is included in MSG2. Fig. 3 (b) shows an R20 case, for example, there are 16 resources for MSG1, 8 time occasions (X=8) and 2 frequency occasions (Y=2) , including frequency index in MSG2 could only reduce the error probability from 1.83‰to 0.915‰, however if time information is included in the MSG2 the error probability could also be reduced from 1.83‰to 0.229‰. Therefore, indicating frequency or time index based on a number of access occasions in time domain and access occasions in frequency domain may reduce the error probability.
[0092] In some implementations, the one or more access random ID messages are transmitted in a first number of time occasions, and the first number is equal to or larger than 1 and smaller than a number of time occasions for the one or more access random ID messages.
[0093] Because of the limitation on which A-IoT devices may be echoed in same MSG2, error probability may be reduced, especially for the scenario that the number of the time occasion is increased and TDMA of MSG3 is supported. For example, as in R19 A-IoT a maximum number of echoed A-IoT devices is 8 within a same MSG2, in this case it may be limited that only A-IoT devices with successfully detected MSG1 in a same time occasion could be echoed in a same MSG2. In this case the error probability is zero, as echoed random ID (s) are implicitly indicated as received in a specific time occasion. However, to enable TDMA of MSG3, non-interleaving MSG2 / 3 (e.g., MSG2->MSG2->MSG2->MSG3) may needed to be supported. That is, MSG2 (s) are transmitted firstly, and then MSG3 (s) are transmitted. If it is limited that device (s) within two time occasions could be echoed in a same MSG2, the error probability will not be zero, for example, the reader may receive two MSG1 with a same random ID in the two time occasions and therefore a collision happens. However, the error probability is still smaller than no limitation.
[0094] Fig. 4 illustrates a diagram 400 illustrating error probability comparision in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4, there are 4 time occasions (X=4) and 8 frequency occasions (Y=8) , if it is limited that A-IoT devices within two time occasions could be echoed in a same MSG2 (Fig. 4 (b) ) , the error probability is still smaller than no limitation (Fig. 4 (a) ) . Therefore, limiting time occasion (s) in which A-IoT devices transmit MSG1 may reduce error probability.
[0095] In some implementations, for each echoed RN16, the ‘Frequency index’ may be indicated.
[0096] In some implementations, the access occasions in time domain may be larger than 2 and TDMA of MSG3 may also be supported, the collision of RN16 may be resolved in time domain and / or frequency domain.
[0097] In some implementations, the indication may comprise 2 bits to indicate one of the following: both the frequency index and the time index are not present, the frequency index is present, the time index is present, or both the frequency index and the time index are present. Table 1 shows an example of the indication. Table 1
[0098] In some implementations, a bitwidth of the resource information associated with the random ID of the A-IoT device is determined based on at least one of a maximum number of frequency occasions for the reception of the access random ID message or a maximum number of time occasions for the reception of the access random ID message.
[0099] For example, if specification defines maximum 4 time occasions and maximum 8 frequency occasions, if codepoint is ‘00’ , the resource index will be not included in a MSG2 for all echoed A-IoT devices in this MSG2; if codepoint is ‘01’ , the resource index is frequency index, and the bitwidth is 3 bits; if codepoint is ‘10’ , the resource index is time index, and the bitwidth is 2 bits; if codepoint is ‘11’ , the resource index is a combination of frequency index and time index, and the bitwidth is 5 bits.
[0100] In some implementations, the frequency index and time index are separated coded. The indication may have 3+2=5 bits, the first 3 bits is used to the indicate frequency index of the reception of the access random ID message and the last 2 bits is used to indicate the time index of the reception of the access random ID message.
[0101] In some implementations, the frequency index and time index are jointly coded. The indication is log2 (maximum X*maximum Y) =log2 (4*8) =5bits, the mapping of the codepoint of resource could be frequency index first then time index or time index first then frequency index, e.g., codepoint ‘00000’ means frequency index=0 and time index=0, codepoint ‘00001’ means frequency index=1 and time index=0, ‘00010’ means frequency index=2 and time index=0, and so on.
[0102] In some implementations, a bitwidth of the resource information associated with the random ID of the A-IoT device is determined based on at least one of a number of frequency occasions or a number of time occasions indicated in a paging message.
[0103] For example, as in R19 specification limits the maximum of frequency occasions is 8, however the D2R scheduling information in paging message could allocate <8 frequency occasions which is indicated with an 8bits bitmap. To reduce the overhead of the resource index, the bitwidth of the resource index could be associated to the number of available frequency occasions and number of time occasions indicated in paging message.
[0104] For example, if specification defines maximum 4 time occasions and maximum 8 frequency occasions, however the actual indicated number of time occasions is 2 and actual indicate number of frequency occasion is 4, in this case, if codepoint is ‘00’ , the resource index will be not included in MSG2 for all echoed A-IoT devices in this MSG2; if codepoint is ‘01’ , the resource index is frequency index, and the bitwidth is 2bits; if codepoint is ‘10’ , the resource index is time index, and the bitwidth is 1bit; if codepoint is ‘11’ , the resource index is a combination of frequency index and time index, and the bitwidth is 3 bits.
[0105] In some implementations, the frequency index and time index are separated coded. The indication will have 2+1=3 bits, the first 2 bits is used to the indicate frequency index and the last 1 bit is used to indicate the time index.
[0106] In some implementations, the frequency index and time index are jointly coded. The indication is log2 (indicated X*indiated Y) =log2 (2*4) =3bits, the mapping of the codepoint of resource could be frequency index first then time index or time index first then frequency index, e.g., codepoint ‘000’ means actual frequency index=0 and actual time index=0, codepoint ‘001’ means actual frequency index=1 and actual time index=0, ‘010’ means actual frequency index=2 and actual time index=0, and so on.
[0107] In some implementations, the at least part of the one or more random IDs comprises all of the one or more random IDs.
[0108] In some implementations, the at least part of the one or more random IDs comprises a subset of the one or more random IDs, and wherein the random ID response message further comprises a number of random IDs in the subset.
[0109] In some implementations, the subset of the random IDs may be collided random IDs. It is to be understood that only for collided A-IoT devices, resource information is necessary. So that only indicate resource information of the subset of the random IDs may reduce overhead.
[0110] Compared to R19 A-IoT, the number of echoed A-IoT devices in a same MSG2 is increased due to larger number of X and support of the TDMA of MSG3. In this case if ‘Resource Index’ is indicated to every echoed A-IoT device / echoed RN16, the overhead is much larger, for example, in R19 A-IoT maximum number of 8 A-IoT devices could be echoed in a same MSG2, if ‘Frequency Index Present Indication’ is set to 1, the maximum additional bits to indicate ‘Frequency Index’ is 3*8=24 bits. However, for R20 A-IoT, if X is increased and Y is 8 as in R19 A-IoT, more additional bits are needed to indicate ‘Resource Index’ for each echoed A-IoT device / echoed RN16. Table 2 shows an example of maximum number of bits. Table 2
[0111] As shown in Table 2, the maximum number of bits to indicate ‘Resource Index’ is much larger than R19 A-IoT with increased X. Considering the number of collided A-IoT devices is limited, it is not necessary to indicate ‘Resource Index’ for each echoed A-IoT device / echoed RN16, instead, it should be sufficient to only indicate ‘Resource Index’ for collied A-IoT devices.
[0112] Fig. 5 illustrates an example 500 of a MSG2 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In the MSG2, Resource Index Present Indication (RIPI) is present with fixed number of bits, e.g., 2 bits. If ‘Resource Index’ is present, number of A-IoT devices with ‘Resource Index’ (noted as ‘NUM’ ) may be indicated. The bitwidth of ‘NUM’ could be fixed in specification or depend on the maximum number of A-IoT devices could be echoed in one MSG2, for example, when X=4 and Y=8, the bitwidth of NUM could be 5 bits. Following NUM the ‘Resource Index’ and corresponding ‘Echoed Random ID’ could be indicated. Except the indicated number of echoed A-IoT devices with ‘Resource Index’ , the other echoed A-IoT devices can be indicated without ‘Resource Index’ .
[0113] In this way, the number of bits may be reduced compared to R19 A-IoT, for example as shown in Table 3 when X=4, Y=8 and ‘Resource Index’ is 3 bits. Table 3
[0114] As shown in Table 3, when NUM is small, the number of bits for collision handing is much smaller than 96 bits, while in R19 A-IoT, even for the case that two A-IoT devices are collided, 96 bits is always needed. It is to be noted that the NUM with a large value has very low probability.
[0115] In summary, the present disclosure supports solutions for collision handling in random access procedure of A-IoT system. If R19 design is also applied in R20, the field ‘Frequency index’ could be reinterpreted based on a number of time occasions and a number of frequency occasions. Limiting which set of A-IoT devices could be echoed in same MSG2 may reduce the probability of collision. Due to larger number of time occasions and TDMA of MSG3, the collision could happen in frequency and / or time domain, the resource index may handle the collision. To further reduce the overhead, the resource index could be only indicated to collided devices.
[0116] Fig. 6 illustrates an example of a device 600 that supports a communication for A-IoT in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 600 may be an example of a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein. The device 600 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 600 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 602, a memory 604, a transceiver 606, and, optionally, an I / O controller 608. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0117] The processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0118] In some implementations, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 602 and the memory 604 coupled with the processor 602 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 602, instructions stored in the memory 604) .
[0119] For example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some implementations where the device 600 is implemented as a first device, the processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for: receiving, from one or more second devices, one or more access random ID messages; and transmitting, to the one or more second devices, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of the one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of a second device comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a reception of an access random ID message from the second device, or a time index of a time occasion for a reception of the access random ID message from the second device, the frequency index, or the time index.
[0120] In some implementations where the device 600 is implemented as a second device, the processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for: transmitting, to a first device, an access random ID message; and receiving, from the first device, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of the second device comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a transmission of the access random ID message, or a time index of a time occasion for the transmission of the access random ID message, the frequency index, or the time index.
[0121] The processor 602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 602 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 602. The processor 602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 604) to cause the device 600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0122] The memory 604 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 602 cause the device 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 602 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 604 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0123] The I / O controller 608 may manage input and output signals for the device 600. The I / O controller 608 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 600. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 606. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 600 via the I / O controller 608 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 608.
[0124] In some implementations, the device 600 may include a single antenna 610. However, in some other implementations, the device 600 may have more than one antenna 610 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 606 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 610, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 606 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 606 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 610 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 610. The transceiver 606 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0125] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 610 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0126] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 610 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0127] Fig. 7 illustrates an example of a processor 700 that supports a communication for A-IoT in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 700 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may include a controller 702 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may optionally include at least one memory 704, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 700 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 706. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0128] The processor 700 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0129] The controller 702 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 702 may operate as a control unit of the processor 700, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 700. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0130] The controller 702 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 704 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 702 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 704. The controller 702 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 702 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 702 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 700. The controller 702 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 700.
[0131] The memory 704 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 700 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 704 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the memory 704 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 700) .
[0132] The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 700, cause the processor 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 702 and / or the processor 700 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the processor 700 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 700 and / or the controller 702 may be coupled with or to the memory 704, the processor 700, the controller 702, and the memory 704 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 700 may include multiple processors and the memory 704 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0133] The one or more ALUs 706 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . One or more ALUs 706 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 706 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 706 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 706 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 706 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0134] The processor 700 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some implementations where the device 600 is implemented as a first device, the processor 700 may be configured to operable to support a means for: receiving, from one or more second devices, one or more access random ID messages; and transmitting, to the one or more second devices, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of the one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of a second device comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a reception of an access random ID message from the second device, or a time index of a time occasion for a reception of the access random ID message from the second device, the frequency index, or the time index.
[0135] In some implementations where the device 600 is implemented as a second device, the processor 700 may be configured to operable to support a means for: transmitting, to a first device, an access random ID message; and receiving, from the first device, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of the second device comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a transmission of the access random ID message, or a time index of a time occasion for the transmission of the access random ID message, the frequency index, or the time index.
[0136] Fig. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 800 supporting a communication for A-IoT in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104 as described herein) or a network entity (e.g., the network entity 102 as described herein) . In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0137] At 810, the method may include receiving, from one or more second devices, one or more access random ID messages. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0138] At 820, the method may include transmitting, to the one or more second devices, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of the one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of a second device comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a reception of an access random ID message from the second device, or a time index of a time occasion for a reception of the access random ID message from the second device, the frequency index, or the time index. The operations of 820 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 820 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0139] Fig. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 900 supporting a communication for A-IoT in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by an A-IoT device (e.g., the A-IoT device 101 as described herein) . In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0140] At 910, the method may include transmitting, to a first device, an access random ID message. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0141] At 920, the method may include receiving, from the first device, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of the second device comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a transmission of the access random ID message, or a time index of a time occasion for the transmission of the access random ID message, the frequency index, or the time index. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0142] It shall be noted that implementations of the present disclosure which have been described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 are also applicable to the device 600, the processor 700 as well as the methods 800 and 900.
[0143] It shall also be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0144] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0145] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0146] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0147] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0148] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first device, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, from one or more second devices via the transceiver, one or more access random ID messages; andtransmit, to the one or more second devices via the transceiver, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of the one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of a second devicecomprises at least one of the following:an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a reception of an access random ID message from the second device, or a time index of a time occasion for a reception of the access random ID message from the second device,the frequency index, orthe time index.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein a number of frequency occasions for reception of the access random ID message is not smaller than a number of time occasions for reception of the access random ID message, and the resource information of the reception of the access random ID message comprises the frequency index of a frequency occasion.3.The first device of claim 1, wherein a number of frequency occasions for reception the access random ID message is smaller than a number of time occasions for reception the access random ID message, and the resource information of the reception of the access random ID message comprises the time index of a time occasion.4.The first device of claim 1, wherein the one or more access random ID messages are transmitted in a first number of time occasions, and the first number is equal to or larger than 1 and smaller than a number of time occasions for the one or more access random ID messages.5.The first device of claim 1, wherein the indication comprises 2 bits to indicate one of the following:both the frequency index and the time index are not present,the frequency index is present,the time index is present, orboth the frequency index and the time index are present.6.The first device of claim 1, wherein a bitwidth of the resource information associated with the random ID of the second device is determined based on at least one of a maximum number of frequency occasions for the reception of the access random ID message or a maximum number of time occasions for the reception of the access random ID message.7.The first device of claim 1, wherein a bitwidth of the resource information associated with the random ID of the second device is determined based on at least one of a number of frequency occasions or a number of time occasions indicated in a paging message.8.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least part of the one or more random IDs comprises all of the one or more random IDs.9.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least part of the one or more random IDs comprises a subset of the one or more random IDs, andwherein the random ID response message further comprises a number of random IDs in the subset.10.A second device, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:transmit, to a first device via the transceiver, an access random ID message; andreceive, from the first device via the transceiver, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of the second device comprises at least one of the following:an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a transmission of the access random ID message, or a time index of a time occasion for the transmission of the access random ID message,the frequency index, orthe time index.11.The second device of claim 1, wherein a number of frequency occasions for transmission of the access random ID message is not smaller than a number of time occasions for transmission of the access random ID message, and the resource information of the transmission of the access randm ID message comprises the frequency index of a frequency occasion.12.The second device of claim 1, wherein a number of frequency occasions for transmission of the access random ID message is smaller than a number of time occasions for transmission of the access random ID message, and the resource information of the transmission of the access randm ID message comprises the time index of time occasion.13.The second device of claim 1, wherein one or more access random ID messages are transmitted in a first number of time occasions by one or more second devices, and the first number is equal to or larger than 1 and smaller than a number of time occasions for the one or more access random ID messages.14.The second device of claim 1, wherein the indication comprises 2 bits to indicate one of the following:both the frequency index and the time index are not present,the frequency index is present,the time index is present, orboth the frequency index and the time index are present.15.The second device of claim 1, wherein a bitwidth of the resource information associated with the random ID is determined based on at least one of a maximum number of frequency occasions for the transmission of the access random ID message or a maximum number of time occasions for the transmission of the access random ID message.16.The second device of claim 1, wherein a bitwidth of the resource information associated with the random ID is determined based on at least one of a number of frequency occasions or a number of time occasions indicated in a paging message.17.The second device of claim 1, wherein the at least part of the one or more random IDs comprises all of the one or more second devices.18.The second device of claim 1, wherein the at least part of the one or more random IDs comprises a subset of the one or more random IDs, andwherein the random ID response message further comprises a number of random IDs in the subset.19.A processor, comprising:at least one controller coupled with at least one memory, and configured to cause the processor to:receive, from one or more second devices, one or more access random ID messages; andtransmit, to the one or more second devices, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of the one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of a second device comprises at least one of the following:an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a reception of an access random ID message from the second device, or a time index of a time occasion for a reception of the access random ID message from the second device,the frequency index, orthe time index.20.A method performed by a first device, comprising:receiving, from one or more second devices, one or more access random ID messages; andtransmitting, to the one or more second devices via the transceiver, a random ID response message comprising one or more random IDs of the one or more second devices, and resource information associated with at least part of the one or more random IDs, wherein resource information associated with a random ID of a second device comprises at least one of the following:an indication indicating presence of a frequency index of a frequency occasion for a reception of an access random ID message from the second device, or a time index of a time occasion for a reception of the access random ID message from the second device,the frequency index, orthe time index.