Gravitational and magnetic force to electrical energy conversion system (GMECS)

Abstract

The invention proposes a Gravitational and Magnetic Force to Electrical Energy Conversion System (GMECS), a solution based on the simple pendulum principle and developed from the successful foundation of the "Large-sized clock, low power consumption" invention (internationally published by WIPO in 2022). GMECS overcomes the inherent challenges of using a simple pendulum for large-scale electricity production by optimally and effectively combining the interaction of the Earth's gravitational field with the powerful magnetic field of Neodymium N52 rare-earth magnets and the controlled variable magnetic field of an electromagnet to generate significant and continuous torque. In this system, the pendulum's oscillation energy, maintained and amplified by a small amount of electrical energy from an external source (e.g., solar power), is converted into mechanical energy through a complex gearbox system comprising a one-way gearbox and a reversing gearbox. This mechanical energy is then transmitted to a speed-increasing gearbox to augment rotational speed, thereby rotating the rotor of a rare-earth magnet generator, producing useful electrical energy. Experiments have demonstrated the system's superior capability to generate 22W of output power with only 8.7W of input power, showing a positive and significant energy amplification factor (COP > 2.5). This additional energy is attributed to the efficient harnessing from the relative motion of the hundreds-of- kilogram pendulum within the Earth's gravitational field and the interaction between the magnetic field of rare-earth magnets and the controlled variable magnetic field of the electromagnet, via the pendulum's resonance mechanism. This successfully addresses technical challenges, including overcoming the inertia of the speed-increasing gearbox, the generator, and the Lenz's Law effect. The GMECS invention has the potential for scalable electricity production, offering significant benefits in energy savings, providing independent distributed power, being environmentally friendly, and having broad applicability in both industrial and agricultural sectors, especially in areas difficult to access traditional energy sources or requiring sustainable energy solutions.

Description

[0001] GRAVITATIONAL AND MAGNETIC FORCE TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM (GMECS) TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] This invention relates to the field of renewable energy technology. The principle of a simple pendulum's oscillation in physics has been applied to create an effective interaction between the Earth’s gravitational force, the powerful magnetic force of rare-earth magnets, and the controlled electromagnetic force of electromagnets. As a result, from a small external electrical input, the system converts it into a high-power output to rotate the generator's rotor, achieving a positive power output to input ratio (+).

[0003] BACKGROUND ART

[0004] The development of renewable energy technology has gone through many important stages, from electrical discoveries in the late 19th century to the boom of wind and solar power in the 21st century. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects that renewable energy will account for nearly 95% of global power capacity expansion by 2026, underscoring the importance of finding and developing clean energy sources. However, current popular renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power still face significant challenges regarding stability (dependence on weather conditions), effective energy storage capabilities, and specific geographical and environmental requirements for deployment.

[0005] In this context, gravitational energy (Earth's gravitational force) is a large potential renewable energy source, highly stable and always available, yet largely untapped directly for large-scale electricity production. Current technologies primarily focus on gravitational energy storage (GES), including:

[0006] * Large-scale Gravity Energy Storage (GES) systems: Pioneering technologies like Energy Vault, Gravitricity, and Gravity Power operate on the principle of converting surplus electrical energy into gravitational potential energy by lifting heavy materials to a height. Subsequently, when electricity is needed, these materials are lowered to convert back into electrical energy. These systems offer long lifespan, environmental friendliness, large-scale energy storage capacity, low operating costs, and grid stability. However, they demand very high initial investment costs, require large space or specific geological conditions for deployment, have slower response times compared to some other storage technologies like Li-ion batteries, and are not yet widely adopted.

[0007] « Pumped Hydro Storage (PUS): This is the most mature and widely deployed liquid gravitational energy storage (Liquid Gravity Energy Storage - LGES) technology globally. PHS uses surplus electrical energy to pump water from a lower reservoir to a higher one. When electricity demand increases, water is released through turbines to generate electricity. This technology requires suitabletopography and geology (with two reservoirs at different elevations), along with very high initial capital investment.

[0008] * Solid Gravity Energy Storage (SGES) systems: An emerging technology, similar to PHS but using solid materials (such as concrete, sand, gravel, or industrial waste) to store potential energy.

[0009] The application of the simple pendulum oscillation principle for electricity generation is currently in the research and development phase, mainly focusing on energy harvesting from low-frequency oscillations. Current applications typically generate very small power outputs (from microwatts to milliwatts) for low-power devices such as wireless sensors, wearables, or harvesting energy from ocean waves, human body motion, or industrial vibrations.

[0010] The aforementioned systems all face significant challenges when applied on a large scale, specifically: low efficiency (due to generating very small amounts of electricity, insufficient for household, commercial, or industrial scale), energy loss doe to friction (from air, at the pivot point, and internal material friction) significantly reducing energy conversion efficiency, and environmental dependence leading to system performance varying with the amplitude and frequency of the initial energy source. Additionally, there are difficulties in design and manufacturing, specifically, to generate significant power, the pendulum must have a very large mass and complex structure, leading to high costs. The technical challenge of efficiently converting low-frequency oscillations into electrical energy remains substantial. In summary, although gravitational energy has enormous potential, its direct and efficient exploitation for large-scale electricity production via the simple pendulum principle still faces significant technical barriers.

[0011] However, a new approach has demonstrated significant potential in exploiting potential energies and natural force fields to transform them into large-scale mechanical energy. Specifically, the invention " Large-sized clock, low power consumption" (PCT application PCT / IB2021 / 059040, international publication number WO2022 / 084776A1, dated April 28, 2022) successfully converted gravitational and magnetic energy into mechanical energy to operate giant tower clocks with extremely low power consumption (approximately 3.3 Watts). This invention created a type of large-sized, multi-faced clock with many outstanding advantages compared to traditional tower clocks worldwide. Instead of using heavy weights raised high and slowly lowered to drive traditional clock mechanisms, this invention applied the simple pendulum principle with a pendulum weighing several tens of kilograms, creating an interaction between gravitational force, the magnetic force of rare-earth magnets, and the controlled electromagnetic force of an electromagnet to significantly amplify the pendulum's oscillation energy, generating sufficient torque to maintain the operation of the massive tower clock mechanism. However, this success was limited tomechanical energy conversion. Applying a similar method for electricity generation would be much more difficult and challenging.

[0012] TECHNICAL NATURE OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The success of the " Large-sized clock, low power consumption'' invention demonstrated the ability to convert gravitational and magnetic forces into mechanical energy large enough to sustain the operation of a massive clock mechanism. The power consumption was only a few watts, yet with the relative motion system in the pendulum oscillation and the interaction between material forms and force fields, a considerable amount of mechanical energy was generated. This indicates that further research and development based on the foundation of this clock invention, applied to the ’’Gravitational and Magnetic Force to Electrical Energy Conversion System” (GMECS), is a logical and useful direction that significantly saves research time and resources.

[0014] Core operating principle of GMECS: The GMECS operates by maintaining and amplifying the energy of a large-mass pendulum’s oscillation. The pendulum in the system has a mass of hundreds of kilograms, with a suspension rod several meters long corresponding to the pendulum's oscillation period. For example, for an oscillation period of 2s, the suspension rod is 0.994 m long; for a 4s period (f=0.25 Hz), the rod is 3.976 m long. On this suspension rod, a cluster of extremely strong Neodymium N52 permanent magnets is fixed. A hollow cylindrical magnetic copper coil is positioned so that the magnets can oscillate through its center. An intelligent electronic control module generates amplified electrical pulses, transforming the coil into an electromagnet. The attractive or repulsive force between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet will maintain and amplify the pendulum’s oscillation.

[0015] Achieving Resonance and Energy Amplification: The system is precisely designed and tuned so that the pendulum's natural oscillation frequency matches the frequency of the signal from the control module. This creates a mechanical resonance phenomenon, allowing the pendulum's oscillation amplitude and kinetic energy to reach maximum levels with the highest efficiency. The additional energy, resulting in higher output power than input power, is harnessed through the effective interaction of natural force fields:

[0016] » Earth’s gravitational force generates the potential and kinetic energy of the pendulum with the formula: W=Wk+Wp=mgl(l--cosamax). This is the mechanical energy of the oscillation. Without air friction and friction at the suspension point, the pendulum would oscillate continuously.

[0017] « Electromagnetic force of the electromagnet. When a square wave current flows through, the current increases from 0 to maximum and from maximum to 0 in a time period close to zero. Due to the very high rate of change of current, a large electromotive force is generated, causing the electromagnet to reach maximumamplitude in a very short time. Furthermore, the pulse width is very small, only 1 / 20s, with a duty cycle of 5%. This partly explains why a small input power of a few watts can generate a significantly larger output power, through optimizing the effectiveness of force interaction.

[0018] * Powerful magnetic force of Rare-Earth Magnets. Rare-earth magnets have made enormous impacts in the development of renewable energy. The main reason lies in the superior magnetic properties of rare-earth alloys, especially Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NdFeB) and Samarium-Cobalt (SmCo) alloys:

[0019] o High Remanence (Br): This is the ability of a magnet to retain its magnetic field after magnetization. Rare-earth magnets have extremely high Br, meaning they generate powerful magnetic fields without requiring excitation current.

[0020] o High Coercivity (Hcj): This is the ability of a magnet to resist demagnetization by an external magnetic field. Rare-earth magnets have very high coercivity, helping them maintain stable magnetism even under harsh conditions (high temperature, reverse magnetic fields). This is extremely important for the durability and reliability of the device.

[0021] o Maximum Energy Product (BHmax): This is a measure of a magnet's ability to store magnetic energy. Rare-earth magnets have a BHmax many times higher than traditional magnets. This allows them to generate strong magnetic fields in a small volume, leading to miniaturization and weight reduction of equipment.

[0022] The powerful magnetic field of rare-earth magnets, especially Neodymium magnets (NdFeB), plays a crucial and decisive role in the interaction between the forces within the GMECS. It enables the fabrication of more efficient, compact, and reliable devices. It can be stated that the presence of rare-earth magnets is a key factor enabling the effective operation of GMECS.

[0023] Conversion of Mechanical Energy to Torque: The large mechanical energy from the pendulum's oscillation, via a speed-increasing gearbox system (designed based on the principle of a speed-reducing gearbox but with an inverse gear ratio), will be converted into significant torque and an appropriate rotational speed.

[0024] Electricity Generation: This torque is then transmitted to and operates a rare- earth magnet generator. This generator is specially selected for its ability to efficiently generate electricity even at low nominal rotational speeds (tens to 100 revolutions / minute), which is highly compatible with the pendulum system's output characteristics.

[0025] Key Technical Features and Differentiators of GMECS:

[0026] « Combined Exploitation of Gravitational and Magnetic Fields: GMECS not only relies on the natural oscillation of the pendulum under gravity but also integrates and optimizes the powerful magnetic force from Neodymium N52 magnets and the precisely controlled interaction with electromagnets. N52magnets have an inherently extremely high magnetic energy density (52 MGOe), helping to generate powerful magnetic fields and playing an essential role in harnessing magnetic potential energy.

[0027] « Intelligent Control Module: Utilizes an integrated circuit (IC) clock IC with a quartz crystal to generate square wave control pulses with many advantages, producing high power but consuming low energy. The pulse width is very small, only about 1 / 20 second, with a duty cycle of 0.5%, helping to save power consumption for the control module itself and significantly extend the lifespan of electronic components. This small pulse signal is then pre-amplified and passed through a power circuit using a MOSFET transistor before being supplied to the electromagnet coil, ensuring sufficient force to maintain the pendulum’s oscillation and optimize energy efficiency.

[0028] * Optimized Design for High-Power Pendulum Oscillation:

[0029] o Large Pendulum Mass: The pendulum has a large mass, potentially hundreds of kilograms (can be made from low-cost materials such as iron, cast iron, lead, stone, cement) to store large kinetic energy.

[0030] o Adjustable Suspension Rod Length: Allows precise tuning of the pendulum’s natural frequency to achieve optimal resonance (e.g., L=3.976 m for a 4s period), increasing the oscillation angular amplitude (experiments achieved 19°).

[0031] o Optimized Magnet / Coil Configuration: A cylindrical N52 magnet cluster (40mm diameter, 90mm long (composed of three 040x30 magnets)) is designed to oscillate through a cylindrical magnetic coil (86 mm outer diameter, 55mm hollow' bore, 48mm long), maximizing magnetic interaction and energy conversion efficiency.

[0032] » Specialized and Efficient Gearbox System:

[0033] o Speed-Increasing Gearbox: Essentially a modified speed-reducing gearbox, tailored to convert the large torque from the pendulum's oscillation output into a rotational speed suitable for the generator's nominal speed.

[0034] o One-Way Gearbox and Reversing Gearbox: Separately structured to fit their specific tasks within the GMECS. They are installed at the end of the pendulum suspension rod to convert the pendulum’s bidirectional oscillating motion into continuous unidirectional rotation of the generator shaft, ensuring uninterrupted generator operation. The reversing gearbox is an intelligent combination of a one¬ way gearbox and a planetary gearbox, offering flexibility in gear ratios and reversing capabilities, while also being able to significantly increase the main shaft's rotational speed.

[0035] « Rare-Earth Magnet Generator: A crucial component in GMECS due to its superior advantages over traditional generators: extremely high conversion efficiency (as no excitation current is needed), compact size, light weight, high reliability, and long lifespan. Notably, this generator can operate efficiently even at low speeds (tens to 100 revolutions / minute), which is highly compatible with the pendulum system’s output characteristics.

[0036] * Dynamic Load-Bearing and Durable Casing: Designed as a monolithic A- frame structure made from non-magnetic, high-strength material (e.g., Inox 304) or equivalent, to withstand complex and continuous dynamic loads from thependulum's oscillation. This design prevents material fatigue, effectively absorbs vibrations, and ensures stability, durability, and optimal protection for internal components.

[0037] Experiments and Results: A prototype pendulum module was constructed and tested. This module consisted of a pendulum with a mass of approximately 100 kg, a 3.976 m long suspension rod, and utilized N52 magnets along with the control module.

[0038] « Input Energy: 8.7 W (electrical energy supplied from a solar power source to maintain oscillation).

[0039] « Output Energy: 22 W (electrical energy obtained from the generator).

[0040] » Positive Energy Amplification Factor (COP > 1): For every 1 unit of input electrical energy, the system generated over 2.5 units of output electrical energy. This additional energy is attributed to the effective exploitation of the relative motion of the hundreds -of-kilogram pendulum within the Earth's gravitational field and the interaction between the magnetic field of rare-earth magnets and the controlled variable magnetic field of the electromagnet. Simultaneously, with the suitable design of the control module, low current consumption and significant amplification of pendulum energy were achieved. This result created a "leverage” to effectively harness and convert naturally occurring force fields (gravitational field, powerful magnetic field of rare-earth magnets, and electromagnetic force) into mechanical energy, and then into electrical energy.

[0041] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1: Overall block diagram, comparing the gravitational and magnetic force to mechanical energy conversion system (already applied in tower clocks) and the gravitational and magnetic force to electrical energy conversion system (GMECS), highlighting the fundamental difference in the type of gearbox used (speed-reducing vs. speed-increasing) and the energy's purpose.

[0043] Figure 2: Detailed schematic of the Gravitational and Magnetic Force to Electrical Energy Conversion System (GMECS), illustrating the energy flow from the power source to the electrical output.

[0044] Figure 3: Detailed structure of the control module and the waveform of the control electrical pulse for the electromagnet, showing precision and energy efficiency. Figure 4: Detailed structure of the pendulum module, including the pendulum, suspension rod, permanent magnet, and magnetic coil, along with the installation positions of the gearboxes.

[0045] Figure 5: Detailed illustration of how the two gearboxes (one-way gearbox and reversing gearbox) are installed with the main shaft and suspension bracket, ensuring stability and efficient motion.Figure 6: Internal structure of the one-way gearbox, explaining the mechanism for converting bidirectional motion into unidirectional motion.

[0046] Figure 7: Internal structure of the reversing gearbox, illustrating the combination of a one-way gearbox and a planetary' gearbox to achieve transmission flexibility. Figure 8: Diagram illustrating how to adjust the relative position between the permanent magnet and the electromagnet within the pendulum module at its equilibrium position, optimizing magnetic interaction.

[0047] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0048] In the overall block diagram in Figure 1, the main difference between the tower clock system (already patented and practically applied) and the GMECS lies in the orientation of the gearbox and the purpose of energy use. While the tower clock uses a speed-reducing gearbox to convert large torque into slow rotational speed for the clock hands, the GMECS uses a speed-increasing gearbox to convert torque from the pendulum into a higher rotational speed, suitable for a power generator. Regarding the power source, the GMECS is designed to operate independently by using power from a 40W solar panel. This solar panel does not need to be placed directly under harsh sunlight but can be mounted on an exterior wall or awning, as long as there is sufficient daylight. Since the control module consumes a very small amount of electricity (approximately 8.7 ), the charging current from the solar panel to the battery is sufficient for the system to operate continuously 24 / 7, providing high independence and energy efficiency. The results mentioned above apply to a system with a single pendulum module. In the case of installing multiple pendulum modules on the same main shaft, the required input power from the solar panel must be higher, corresponding to the number of pendulum modules. Theoretically, any number of pendulum modules can be installed on a single main shaft to increase the system's power output. More pendulum modules will generate more electricity. However, in practice, it is necessary to calculate the optimal number of modules to ensure smooth, safe, and durable operation of the system, suitable for the available space and geological conditions.

[0049] Schematic of GMECS Operation in Figure 2: The GMECS system begins with a solar panel (11) that converts solar energy into electrical energy. This electrical energy is fed to the control module (13). The control module generates precise electrical pulse signals, which are amplified and supplied to the electromagnet coil in the pendulum module. The pendulum module includes a heavy pendulum with attached powerful rare-earth magnets, oscillating through the hollow bore of the magnetic coil. When the control module emits a pulse, the coil becomes an electromagnet, creating an attractive or repulsive force with the permanent magnet on the pendulum, maintaining its oscillation. The correlated operation between two pendulum modules is controlled so that their cycles are phase-shifted by 180°,ensuring the main rotating shaft rotates continuously without interruption. If there are 3 pendulum modules, the phase shift is 120°, for 4 modules, it's 90°, and so on. The more pendulum modules on the same shaft, the smoother the shaft rotation and the greater the generator's power output.

[0050] The key point is that the system is tuned to achieve resonance between the control signal frequency and the pendulum's natural oscillation frequency. At this resonance point, the pendulum achieves its maximum oscillation amplitude and kinetic energy. The mechanical energy from the pendulum’s oscillation, via a one¬ way gearbox system and a reversing gearbox attached at the end of the pendulum's suspension rod, will be converted into continuous unidirectional rotational motion. This rotational motion is transmitted through the main shaft (T) and fed into the input of the speed-increasing gearbox (5). The speed-increasing gearbox will augment the shaft's rotational speed, reaching the level required by the generator (8) to efficiently generate nominal current.

[0051] Control Module (Figure 3): This is the brain controlling the entire system, ensuring precision and stability. It utilizes a household clock integrated circuit (IC) (e.g., UM3262) combined with a 32.768 Hz quartz crystal. This IC generates regular square wave electrical pulses with extremely stable frequency. The use of a clock IC optimizes the pulse control signal, allowing for easy and precise resonance adjustment (a stopwatch on a phone can be used for calibration). Notably, the pulse width of this signal is very small, only about 1 / 20 second, with a duty cycle of 0.05, which helps minimize power consumption for the control module itself and extends the lifespan of electronic components. This small pulse signal is then pre-amplified and passed through a power circuit using a MOSFET transistor before being supplied to the electromagnet coil, ensuring sufficient force to maintain the pendulum’s oscillation.

[0052] The use of a MOSFET transistor in the power circuit is intended to robustly switch the periodic pulse current through the coil, ensuring the strongest possible electromagnet, while simultaneously saving input energy. A slight increase in the electromagnet's intensity will lead to a significant increase in the pendulum's amplitude, thus substantially increasing its oscillation energy.

[0053] Role of Rare-Earth Magnets: In GMECS, rare-earth magnets are one of the two main components (along with gravitational force) whose interaction is exploited for conversion into electrical energy. Neodymium N52 (Nd2Fe14B) magnets are chosen for their superior magnetic properties. The N52 grade indicates an extremely large magnetic energy storage capacity with a maximum energy product (BHmax) of up to 52 MGOe. The inherently high magnetic energy density of N52 magnets helps generate powerful magnetic fields and plays an essential role in harnessing magnetic potential energy. In experiments, a cylindrical N52 magnet cluster (40 mm diameter, 90 mm long (assembled from three 040x30 magnets)) interacting with a cylindrical magnetic coil (86 mm outer diameter, 55mm hollow bore, 48 mm long) significantly increased the pendulum's oscillation energy, allowing it to reach an angular amplitude of 19° during resonance. This demonstrates the crucial role of rare-earth magnets in amplifying the GMECS oscillation.

[0054] Pendulum Module (Figure 4): This is the central component generating the system's mechanical power. This module includes: Pendulum (5), suspension rod (4), Neodymium N52 magnets (7), magnetic coil (9), one-way gearbox (1), and reversing gearbox (2).

[0055] * Suspension Rod: A slender but robust Inox 304 rod (non-magnetic material to avoid magnetic interference), responsible for holding the pendulum and magnet cluster. The magnet cluster is attached to the suspension rod by a screw mechanism (6) allowing adjustment of the magnet’s height relative to the coil, helping to optimize magnetic interaction.

[0056] » Pendulum (5): Has a large mass, potentially up to hundreds of kilograms, made from low-cost materials such as iron, cast iron, lead, stone, or cement to reduce manufacturing costs. The pendulum is connected to the suspension rod by threads, allowing precise adjustment of the rod's effective length. This adjustment is crucial for fine-tuning the pendulum’s natural oscillation frequency, helping to achieve optimal resonance with the control signal. Once the resonance position is determined, a nut will be tightened to fix the pendulum.

[0057] » Gearbox Arrangement (Figure 5): The one-way gearbox (1) and reversing gearbox (2) are installed symmetrically across the suspension bracket (4) using two large bearings. This design ensures the pendulum's oscillation occurs smoothly, durably, and with extremely low friction, maximizing energy transfer efficiency.

[0058] * Suspension Rod Length: The length of the pendulum's suspension rod depends directly on the control signal's period. The simple pendulum oscillation formula T=2π√(L / g) (where T is the period, L is the length, g is the acceleration due to gravity) allows calculating the necessary' length L. For example, if the control signal period is 2 seconds, the required length L is 0.994 m. If the period is 4 seconds, L needs to be 3.976 m. Experiments show higher efficiency when using a 3.976 m long suspension rod (corresponding to a frequency of 0.25 Hz, 4s period, which can be obtained by halving the frequency of the UM6220 clock IC). Length L is measured from the pivot point to the pendulum's center. Resonance adjustment can be performed precisely using a stopwatch. If a period T=3s is chosen, the length L would be 2.24m, suitable for household-scale generators, although the control circuit might be slightly more complex due to the fractional pulse period. In this circuit, the frequency is adjusted by a fine-tuning knob and the length of the suspension rod remains unchanged.

[0059] » Number of Pendulum Modules: A single pendulum module can generate electricity, but with relatively low power. To ensure continuous, stable shaft rotation and increase overall system output power and efficiency, a minimum of 2 pendulum modules should be installed. Theoretically, any number of pendulummodules can be installed to increase the system's power output, but the control module must provide a corresponding phase shift based on the module’s position for the smoothest and most efficient shaft rotation. More pendulum modules will generate more electricity. However, in practice, it is necessary to calculate the optimal number of modules to ensure smooth, safe, and durable operation of the system, suitable for the available space and geological conditions.

[0060] One-Way Gearbox and Reversing Gearbox:

[0061] « One-Way Gearbox (Figure 6): This mechanism is similar to a bicycle freewheel, allowing power transmission in one direction and freewheeling in the opposite direction. It consists of a solid disc fixed to the shaft (2) and a pawl -shaped ring gear (4). One-way pawls (3) are arranged to allow the disc to rotate only in a specific direction, converting bidirectional oscillating motion into unidirectional rotational motion.

[0062] » Reversing Gearbox (Figure 7): This is a more complex design, an intelligent combination of a one-way gearbox and a planetary' gearbox. The main shaft T (1) is at the center and connected to the sun gear (3). The planetary gears (2) are mounted on a carrier (5) forming a cluster. The ring gear of the planetary gearbox integrates one-way pawls. The serrated gear (7) is on the outermost part. In the GMECS, the carrier (5) is held stationary, the sun gear connected to shaft T (1) acts as the output shaft (input for the generator), and the ring gear rotates with the serrated gear (7) as the input shaft.

[0063] Planetary gearboxes are notable for their compact design, high torque transmission capability, and superior durability. They can operate in various modes: speed reduction (most common), speed increase, direct drive (1:1 ratio, similar to a one-way gearbox), or reverse.

[0064] In mass production, a single, flexible planetary gearbox could be manufactured to perform both one-way and reversing functions by locking or releasing corresponding components. Additionally, through the planetary gears, the reversing gearbox can significantly increase the rotational speed ratio before it enters the input shaft of the speed-increasing gearbox (5).

[0065] Rare-Earth Generator: A crucial component in GMECS due to its superior advantages over traditional generators:

[0066] 1. Extremely High Energy Conversion Efficiency: Rare-earth magnet generators do not require an excitation current (as the magnetic field is already provided by permanent magnets). This eliminates energy losses due to the excitation circuit, helps maintain high efficiency even at low loads, and significantly reduces heat generated during operation.

[0067] 2. Compact Size and Lightweight: Due to high power density, rare-earth magnet generators are significantly smaller and lighter than conventional generators of the same power output. This saves installation space (e.g., in wind turbines,marine systems, or mobile devices) and reduces transportation and installation costs.

[0068] 3. High Reliability and Long Lifespan: A simpler structure (no brushes or slip rings like traditional synchronous generators) reduces friction, wear, and the need for periodic maintenance. This leads to high reliability and a longer operating life.

[0069] 4. Low-Speed Operation Capability: This is a very important advantage for GMECS. Rare-earth magnet generators can operate efficiently even at low rotational speeds (tens to 100 revolutions / minute), allowing for efficient energy harvesting even with the pendulum's low-frequency oscillations. This characteristic plays a crucial role in promoting the development of gravitational energy and green, sustainable technologies.

[0070] GMECS System Casing: The casing is not merely an external protective layer but also the core load-bearing structure of the entire system. For GMECS, the casing must be designed to withstand complex and continuous dynamic loads arising from the pendulum’s oscillation, which inherently risks material fatigue and vibration.

[0071] » Technical Requirements: The casing must possess high strength, absolute rigidity, and good fatigue resistance under repeated dynamic loads. The foundation supporting dynamic loads is also extremely important to maintain the overall system’s stability and minimize vibrations transmitted to the surrounding environment. The generator’s chassis (frame) needs to be designed to be "large, strong, and robust" to ensure smooth, vibration-free generator operation and extended lifespan.

[0072] » Geometric Optimization: The monolithic, A-frame design with rounded comers provides high torsional and bending stiffness. This seamless structure significantly improves vibration resistance, reduces noise, and enhances the overall durability of the system.

[0073] « Materials: Stainless steel (Inox 304) is chosen for components that could be affected by magnetism (due to the presence of rare-earth magnets) and for resistance to rust and corrosion in harsh environments. In mass production, other lower-cost materials can be considered for non-magnetic components to optimize manufacturing costs.

[0074] ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0075] Industrial Applicability

[0076] The GMECS system is a renewable energy generator with many outstanding advantages: simple design, easy to manufacture, low investment and operating costs, significantly easier to install and use compared to other renewable energy systems such as wind turbines, wave energy, or solar energy. This system does not demand specific environmental, geographical, or operational space conditions, making it a flexible solution. Although rare-earth magnets arevaluable materials, their proportion used in GMECS is optimized relative to the energy benefits provided.

[0077] « Reduced Operating Costs: GMECS can supply a portion or all of the electrical energy for factories, enterprises, and production facilities, significantly reducing electricity bills and enhancing energy self-sufficiency.

[0078] « Stable Backup Power Source: The system operates continuously, providing a reliable backup power source, ensuring uninterrupted operation of production lines and critical equipment during grid power outages.

[0079] * Power Supply for New Industrial Zones / Remote Areas / Islands: GMECS is an independent, ideal solution for providing electricity to newly formed industrial zones, remote areas, or islands without national grid access, promoting socio¬ economic development in these regions.

[0080] « Promoting Clean and Sustainable Production: By using renewable energy, GMECS contributes to the goal of green industry, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint of businesses.

[0081] « Application in Specific Equipment: Can be directly integrated into industrial machinery requiring continuous and stable power, such as autonomous robots in factories, remote monitoring sensor systems, or automated equipment.

[0082] « Charging System for Electric Vehicles / Industrial Electrical Equipment:

[0083] GMECS can be used as an independent charging station for electric forklifts, in- plant transport vehicles, or other industrial electrical equipment, reducing dependence on the grid and optimizing energy costs.

[0084] GMECS also has broad application potential and brings significant benefits to the agricultural sector, especially in rural, mountainous, or island areas where grid power is limited or unstable.

[0085] » Electricity for Automated Irrigation: This is one of the largest potential applications. The system can provide electricity for water pumps, drip irrigation systems, or other automated irrigation equipment, helping farmers to be more proactive in providing water for crops, especially important in arid regions or areas far from power sources.

[0086] * Lighting for Greenhouses / Farms: Supplies energy for supplementary lighting systems in greenhouses, animal shelters, or cultivated areas, helping to enhance the growth of crops and livestock.

[0087] * Operation of Small Agricultural Machinery: Powers small agricultural machinery such as feed grinders, vegetable cutters, ventilation fans for livestock sheds, promoting agricultural mechanization.

[0088] » Electricity for Isolated Farms: Provides essential power for living and production in remote, mountainous, or island farms, where extending grid power is difficult and costly.

[0089] « Smart Agricultural Monitoring: Powers environmental sensors (soil moisture, temperature, light), farm surveillance cameras, or mini weather stations, assisting farmers in managing and optimizing production.« Aquaculture: Provides electricity for aerators, water pumps in shrimp and fish ponds, ensuring an ideal living environment for aquatic products, especially important in intensive farming models.

[0090] • Agricultural Product Preservation: Supplies energy for mini cold storage units, refrigerators for on-site post-harvest preservation of agricultural products, helping to extend preservation time, reduce losses, and enhance product value.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A system for converting gravitational and magnetic forces into electrical energy (GMECS) based on the simple pendulum principle, characterized by comprising: an electronic control module configured to generate and maintain oscillation; a pendulum module designed to convert gravitational and magnetic energy into mechanical energy; a speed-increasing gearbox configured to increase rotational speed; and a generator configured to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

2. The electronic control module according to Claim 1, characterized by using an integrated circuit (IC) of a clock combined with a quartz crystal to generate electrical pulses having a stable frequency and a small pulse width (e.g., 1 / 20 second), along with a pulse amplifier configured to provide sufficient energy to maintain the resonant oscillation of the pendulum.

3. The pendulum module according to Claim 1, characterized by integrating a powerful Neodymium N52 rare-earth magnet cluster on a suspension rod, a magnetic electromagnet coil of optimal dimensions (86mm outer diameter, 55mm hollow bore, 48mm length) for strong magnetic interaction, and a one-way gearbox mechanism along with a reversing gearbox installed at the end of the suspension rod configured to convert oscillating motion into unidirectional rotational motion.

4. The structure of the reversing gearbox according to Claim 3, characterized by being a combination of a one-way gearbox and a planetary gearbox, allowing for efficient conversion of the bidirectional oscillating motion of the pendulum into continuous and stable unidirectional rotational motion for the generator shaft.

5. The casing design of the GMECS system according to Claim 1, characterized by having a monolithic A-frame shape, being made from non-magnetic and high- strength material (e.g., Inox 304), ensuring complex dynamic load bearing capability, material fatigue resistance, and effective vibration reduction throughout operation.

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