Signaling for ambient internet of things devices with device-originated autonomous traffic
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/078665
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-27
Smart Images

Figure CN2025078665_27082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SIGNALING FOR AMBIENT INTERNET OF THINGS DEVICES WITH DEVICE-ORIGINATED AUTONOMOUS TRAFFICFIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods associated with signaling for ambient Internet of Things devices with device-originated autonomous traffic. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED TECHNOLOGY
[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services, which may involve carrying or supporting voice, text, other messaging, video, data, or other traffic. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication among multiple wireless communication devices including user devices or other devices by sharing the available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, or device transmit power, among other examples) . Such multiple-access RATs are supported by technological advancements that have been adopted in various telecommunication standards, which define common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a local, municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which also may be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . As the demand for connectivity continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other RATs, such as 6G and beyond, may be introduced to enable new applications and facilitate new use cases.
[0003] In an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture, some devices may be ambient IoT (A-IoT) devices. Some A-IoT devices may backscatter a carrier wave (CW) in order to communicate with a reader device. On the other hand, other A-IoT devices may perform energy harvesting (e.g., to store power in a battery) and generate modulated radio frequency (RF) signals in order to communicate with a reader device. Some A-IoT devices may be capable of performing backscattering as well as generating modulated RF signals.SUMMARY
[0004] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to transmit, to an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) reader, a message including an indication that the apparatus has device-originated autonomous (DOA) data to transmit, based on reporting information associated with the DOA data satisfying one or more transmission conditions, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data. The processing system may be configured to cause the one or more processors to receive, from the A-IoT reader, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data.
[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to receive, from an A-IoT device, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data. The processing system may be configured to cause the one or more processors to transmit, to the A-IoT device, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data.
[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by an A-IoT device. The method may include transmitting, to an A-IoT reader, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, based on reporting information associated with the DOA data satisfying one or more transmission conditions, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data. The method may include receiving, from the A-IoT reader, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data.
[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by an A-IoT reader. The method may include receiving, from an A-IoT device, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data. The method may include transmitting, to the A-IoT device, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data.
[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by an A-IoT device. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the A-IoT device, may cause the A-IoT device to transmit, to an A-IoT reader, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, based on reporting information associated with the DOA data satisfying one or more transmission conditions, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the A-IoT device, may cause the A-IoT device to receive, from the A-IoT reader, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data.
[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by an A-IoT reader. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the A-IoT reader, may cause the A-IoT reader to receive, from an A-IoT device, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the A-IoT reader, may cause the A-IoT reader to transmit, to the A-IoT device, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data.
[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, to an A-IoT reader, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, based on reporting information associated with the DOA data satisfying one or more transmission conditions, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data. The apparatus may include means for receiving, from the A-IoT reader, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data.
[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving, from an A-IoT device, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, to the A-IoT device, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data.
[0012] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.
[0013] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, network node, wireless communication device, or processing system as substantially described in the Detailed Description with reference to, and as illustrated by, the accompanying drawings. Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network.
[0015] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated network node architecture.
[0016] Figs. 3A-3B are diagrams illustrating examples associated with different types of ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices.
[0017] Figs. 4A-4E are diagrams illustrating an example associated with signaling for A-IoT devices with device-originated autonomous traffic.
[0018] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at an A-IoT device or an apparatus of an A-IoT device.
[0019] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at an A-IoT reader or an apparatus of an A-IoT reader.
[0020] Figs. 7-8 are diagrams of example apparatuses for wireless communication.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] Internet of Things (IoT) devices may collect and share data over networks (e.g., wireless networks) in order to report data from the IoT devices or to be controlled remotely. Ambient IoT (A-IoT) devices and readers may utilize energy-harvesting capabilities and pervasive connectivity to enable improved energy efficiency. In some examples, A-IoT devices may harvest energy from ambient sources such as radio waves, light, or vibrations, thereby allowing operation using minimal energy resources. For example, A-IoT devices may include functionalities associated with real-time sensing (e.g., temperature, humidity, or barometric pressure, among other examples) , end-to-end encryption, and data transmission to cloud-based applications.
[0022] In order to improve quality and reliability of communications with an A-IoT device, a network node (or an A-IoT controller) may use an intermediate node to communicate with the A-IoT device. The intermediate node may be a user equipment (UE) or another type of device configured to communicate with both the A-IoT device and the network node. Accordingly, the network node may control scheduling of communications with the A-IoT device even though the intermediate node actually transmits to, and receives from, the A-IoT device. The intermediate node may also be referred to as an “A-IoT reader. ” Alternatively, a network node (or an A-IoT controller) may communicate directly with the A-IoT device. Accordingly, the network node or the A-IoT controller may also function as an A-IoT reader or may include an A-IoT reader.
[0023] Device-terminated (DT) traffic from an A-IoT reader to an A-IoT device may be scheduled by the A-IoT reader. Device-originated device-terminated triggered (DO-DTT) traffic from the A-IoT device to the A-IoT reader may be triggered by the A-IoT reader; therefore, the A-IoT reader may schedule the DO-DTT traffic using a reader-to-device (R2D) message. For example, device-to-reader (D2R) resources for DO-DTT and DT traffic types may be indicated in an R2D transmission. However, device-originated autonomous (DOA) traffic from the A-IoT device to the A-IoT reader may be initiated by an A-IoT device independently, based on the A-IoT device obtaining new data for transmission. For example, transmission of DOA traffic from the A-IoT device to the A-IoT reader may be initiated without external triggers or commands, based on the A-IoT device receiving new data from one or more sensors associated with the A-IoT device. Similarly, transmission of DOA traffic from the A-IoT device to the A-IoT reader may be according to information associated with the DOA traffic satisfying a transmission threshold. As a result, in DO-DTT and DT traffic types, one or more D2R resources for D2R transmissions may be indicated in an R2D transmission; however, this may be inapplicable for at least the first D2R transmission for DOA traffic.
[0024] Various aspects relate generally to signaling for A-IoT devices with DOA traffic, where the signaling may be utilized to request resources for transmission. Some aspects more specifically relate to an A-IoT device transmitting an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, and transmitting a resource request associated with the DOA data. In some aspects, an A-IoT reader may receive the indication and the resource request, and the A-IoT reader may transmit a resource allocation to the A-IoT device that indicates a set of resources for transmission of the DOA data. Additionally, the indication may be included in a payload associated with the message, and may indicate a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data. In some aspects, the A-IoT device may transmit an indication that is common (e.g., the same) for all A-IoT devices having DOA traffic. In some aspects, the indication may be specific to the A-IoT device, and one or more additional A-IoT devices may each utilize a device-specific indication.
[0025] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, where a common indication is utilized among all A-IoT devices, transmission overhead may be reduced for each A-IoT device. Additionally, where the A-IoT device utilizes an indication that is specific to the A-IoT device, the A-IoT reader may determine which A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, thereby reducing latency by enabling the A-IoT reader to directly assign resources for DOA traffic or to prompt the A-IoT device to initiate a contention-free random access (CFRA) procedure. For example, because the A-IoT reader may allocate resources for DOA traffic, latency may be reduced for the A-IoT device transmissions, relative to scenarios in which the A-IoT reader may be unaware that the A-IoT device may have DOA data to transmit. Additionally, in some examples, because a set of resources may be dedicated to a specific A-IoT device or may be dedicated for DOA traffic, the transmissions from the A-IoT device are less likely to collide with signals from other A-IoT devices (or from non-DOA traffic) , which may improve quality and reliability of DOA traffic and in turn conserve power and processing resources at the A-IoT device. In some examples, where an A-IoT device indicates that it has DOA data to transmit, the A-IoT reader may allocate resources accordingly, thereby conserving network resources and reducing network congestion. For example, where an A-IoT reader does not receive an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, the A-IoT reader may not allocate resources to the A-IoT device. Similarly, in some examples, because the A-IoT reader allocates resources for the A-IoT device or for DOA traffic, the A-IoT reader may monitor for transmissions from the A-IoT device or for DOA traffic only on the allocated resources, which may conserve power and processing resources at the A-IoT reader.
[0026] 5G New Radio (NR) may support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, Internet of Things (IoT) networks or reduced capability (RedCap) device deployments, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) applications, or massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , among other examples. To support these and other target verticals, a wireless communication system may be designed to implement a modularized functional infrastructure, a disaggregated and service-based network architecture, network function virtualization, network slicing, multi-access edge computing, millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , beamforming, IoT device or RedCap device connectivity and management, industrial connectivity, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , frequency spectrum expansion, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication (for example, sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) ) , multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, network energy savings (NES) , low-power signaling and radios, or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples.
[0027] The foregoing and other technological improvements may support use cases, such as wireless fronthauls, wireless midhauls, wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial or aerial platforms, among other examples.
[0028] The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies or new technologies or support one or more of the foregoing use cases or new use cases.
[0029] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110. For example, in Fig. 1, the wireless communication network 100 includes multiple network nodes 110, including a network node 110a, network node 110b, and a network node 110c (each of which also may be referred to herein simply as a “network node 110” ) . The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120. For example, in Fig. 1, the network nodes 110 support communication with a UE 120a, a UE 120b, and a UE 120c (each of which also may be referred to herein simply as a “UE 120” ) . As further shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110c supports communication with an intermediate node 120d (e.g., a UE) , and the intermediate node 120d may communicate with an IoT device 125 (e.g., an A-IoT device) . In some examples, a UE 120 also may communicate with other UEs 120 and a network node 110 also may communicate with a core network and with other network nodes 110.
[0030] Some IoT devices, such as A-IoT devices (sometimes referred to as “ultra-light IoT devices” ) , may be associated with a relatively simple hardware design that may be designed to use low power and be implementable at low cost. A-IoT technology may include passive IoT (such as NR passive IoT for 5G Advanced) , semi-passive IoT, active IoT, or ultra-light IoT. In passive IoT, a terminal (such as a tag or a similar device) may not include a battery or other long-term energy storage, and the terminal may accumulate energy from radio signaling. In some examples, the terminal may accumulate solar or other energy to supplement accumulated energy from radio signaling. To achieve further cost reduction and zero-power communication, backscattering communication may be implemented at a type of passive IoT device referred to as an “ambient backscatter device” or a “backscatter device, ” which may modulate a reflecting radio signal from an RF source to convey data. Some IoT devices may be referred to as “semi-passive IoT devices. ” At a semi-passive IoT device, communication between a reader and the IoT device does not need to be preceded by an energy harvesting waveform. For example, a semi-passive IoT device may include a battery or similar energy source that can power the semi-passive IoT device. Some IoT devices may be referred to as “active IoT devices” . An active IoT device may have a battery or similar energy source and an active radio, allowing for active transmission and reception without energy harvesting or backscattering. A-IoT technology may be useful in connection with industrial sensors, for which battery replacement may be prohibitively difficult or undesirable (such as for safety monitoring or fault detection in smart factories, infrastructures, or environments) . Additionally, features of A-IoT devices, such as low cost, small size, simple or infrequent maintenance, durability, and long lifespan, may facilitate smart logistics and warehousing (for example, in connection with automated asset management) . Furthermore, A-IoT technology may be useful in connection with smart home networks for household item management, wearable devices, or similar applications.
[0031] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided into various licensed or unlicensed operating bands, frequency ranges, component carriers, or channels that define associated frequencies available for communications. In some examples, each of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 may communicate using one or multiple component carriers in one or more operating bands or ranges. Typically, various operating bands are defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles.
[0032] A network node 110 or a UE 120 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication with other devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. For example, a UE 120 and a network node 110 may each include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. As shown in Fig. 1, each UE 120 includes a processing system 140 and each network node 110 includes a processing system 145. A processing system (for example, the processing system 140 or the processing system 145) includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “processor” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . Such processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set. In some other examples, each of a group of processors may be configurable or configured to perform a same set of functions.
[0033] The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may each include memory circuitry in the form of one or multiple memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include or implement tangible storage media, such as random-access memory, or read-only memory, or combinations thereof (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “memory” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors. One or more of the memories may individually or collectively store processor-executable code or instructions (such as software) (for example, which may be referred to as “one or more code-storing memories” or “code-storing memory circuitry” ) . For example, “code-storing memory” or “code-storing memory circuitry” refers to memory (or memory circuitry) that is configured to store processor-executable code or instructions. The processor-executable code or instructions, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors (or processing circuitry) to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be configured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0034] The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may each include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a cellular (for example, a 5G or 6G compliant) modem) . In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 140 or the processing system 145 may include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 also may include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 140 or the processing system 145 may include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains, or transceivers. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by the processing system 140 or by the processing system 145) .
[0035] A network node 110 and a UE 120 may each include one or multiple antennas or antenna arrays. Typical network nodes 110 and UEs 120 may include multiple antennas, which may be organized or structured into one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. As used herein, the term “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. The term “antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters associated with the group of antennas. The term “antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas as well as one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device, such as the network node 110 and the UE 120.
[0036] A network node 110 may be, may include, or also may be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) . In various deployments, a network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements a part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node having an aggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single physical structure in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may include a single standalone base station or a single TRP that operates with a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0037] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node 110 (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , having a disaggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 110 may operate with a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating network functionality into multiple units or modules that can be individually deployed.
[0038] The disaggregated network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layers, such as a radio resource control (RRC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host a lower PHY layer that is configured to perform functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (IFFT) , beamforming, or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. An RU may perform RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an IFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer split (LLS) . In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120. In some examples, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples, which may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as in a cloud deployment.
[0039] In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of various types. Different types of network nodes 110 may generally operate on the same or different operating bands, transmit at different power levels, or serve different coverage areas, each of which may be referred to as or associated with a particular cell 130 (for example, a cell 130a and a cell 130b) .
[0040] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the coverage area of the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or also may be referred to as an access terminal, a mobile station, a client device, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, or smart jewelry) , a gaming device, an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , an artificially intelligent robot or other device implementing artificial intelligence, a UE function of a network node, or any other suitable device or function that may communicate in the wireless communication network 100.
[0041] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may be associated with relatively low complexity or cost such as NB-IoT devices or eMTC UEs. UEs 120 in a second category may include higher complexity or cost devices, such as mission-critical IoT devices, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity or capabilities (for example, capabilities between that of the UEs 120 of the first category and the UEs 120 of the second category) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capability UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples.
[0042] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (for example, frames, subframes, slots, and symbols) , frequency domain resources (for example, frequency bands, component carriers (CCs) , subcarriers, resource blocks, and resource elements) , and spatial domain resources (for example, particular transmit directions or beams) .
[0043] Frequency domain resources may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous set of resource blocks (RBs) within a full component carrier bandwidth) that may be configured at a UE-specific level. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (which may be the same or different) . Each BWP may be associated with its own numerology (indicating a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) and cyclic prefix (CP) ) . A BWP may be dynamically configured or activated (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a downlink control information (DCI) configuration to the one or more UEs 120) or reconfigured (for example, in real-time or near-real-time) according to changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 or specific requirements of one or more UEs 120. An active BWP defines the operating bandwidth of the UE 120 within the operating bandwidth of the serving cell.
[0044] As used herein, a downlink signal may be or include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, downlink reference signals include a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary SS (SSS) , an SS block (SSB) (for example, that includes a PSS, an SSS, and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) ) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , a tracking reference signal (TRS) , and a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) , among other examples. A downlink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via a downlink channel. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Downlink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, downlink control channel communications or downlink data channel communications. A downlink control channel may be specifically used to transmit DCI from a network node 110 to a UE 120. DCI generally contains the information the UE 120 needs to identify RBs in a subsequent subframe and how to decode them, including a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or redundancy version parameters. Different DCI formats carry different information, such as scheduling information in the form of downlink or uplink grants, slot format indicators (SFIs) , preemption indicators (PIs) , transmit power control (TPC) commands, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information, new data indicators (NDIs) , among other examples. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PDCCH and PDSCH, respectively. For example, a PDCCH can carry DCI, while a PDSCH can carry a MAC control element (MAC-CE) , an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. Each PDSCH may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data.
[0045] As used herein, an uplink signal may include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, uplink reference signals include a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a PTRS, and a DMRS, among other examples. An uplink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via an uplink channel. An uplink channel may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Uplink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, uplink control channel communications or uplink data channel communications. An uplink control channel may be specifically used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PUCCH and PUSCH, respectively. For example, a PUCCH can carry UCI, while a PUSCH can carry a MAC-CE, an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. UCI can include a scheduling request (SR) , HARQ feedback information (for example, a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) indication or a HARQ negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication) , uplink power control information (for example, an uplink TPC parameter) , or CSI, among other examples. CSI can include a channel quality indicator (CQI) (indicative of downlink channel conditions to facilitate selection of transmission parameters, such as an MCS, by a network node 110) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit a CSI-RS) , an SS / PBCH resource block indicator (SSBRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit an SSB) , a layer indicator (LI) , a rank indicator (RI) , or measurement information (for example, a layer 1 (L1) -reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, among other examples) which can be used for beam management, among other examples. Each PUSCH may carry one or more TBs of data.
[0046] The information (for example, data, control information, or reference signal information) transmitted by a network node 110 to a UE 120, or vice versa, may be represented as a sequence of binary bits that are mapped (for example, modulated) to an analog signal waveform (for example, a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) -spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform or a CP-OFDM waveform) that is transmitted by the network node 110 or UE 120 over a wireless communication channel. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively) may select an MCS (for example, an order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) , such as 64-QAM, 128-QAM, or 256-QAM, among other examples) for a downlink signal or an uplink signal. For example, the network node 110 may select an MCS for a downlink signal in accordance with UCI received from the UE 120 or may transmit, to the UE 120, an indication of an MCS to be applied for an uplink signal.
[0047] A network node 110 or a UE 120 (such as by using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing on the information (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, an IFFT operation, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) to generate a processed signal in accordance with the selected MCS. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, or one or more coupled encoders or modems) may perform a channel coding operation or a forward error correction (FEC) operation to control errors in transmitted information. For example, the network node 110 or the UE 120 may perform an encoding operation to generate encoded information (such as by selectively introducing redundancy into the information, typically using an error correction code (ECC) , such as a polar code or a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code) . The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or one or more modems) may further perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the encoded information to generate one or more processed or precoded signals for downlink or uplink transmission, respectively. In some examples, the network node 110a or the UE 120a may perform codebook-based precoding or non-codebook-based precoding. Codebook-based precoding may involve selecting a precoder (for example, a precoding matrix) using a codebook. For example, the network node 110a may provide precoding information indicating which precoder, defined by the codebook, is to be used by the UE 120a. Non-codebook-based precoding may involve selecting or deriving a precoder based on, or otherwise associated with, one or more downlink or uplink signal measurements. The network node 110a or the UE 120a may transmit the processed downlink or uplink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas.
[0048] The network node 110a or the UE 120a may receive uplink signals or downlink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas. The network node 110a or the UE 120a (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing (for example, in accordance with the MCS) on the received uplink or downlink signals, respectively (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, an FFT operation, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , to map the received signal (s) to a sequence of binary bits (for example, received information) that estimates the information transmitted by the network node 110 or the UE 120 via the downlink or uplink signals. The network node 110a or the UE 120a (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, or a coupled decoder or one or more modems) may decode the received information (such as by using an ECC, a decoding operation, or an FEC operation) to detect errors or correct bit errors in the received information to generate decoded information. The decoded information may estimate the information transmitted via the downlink or uplink signals.
[0049] In some examples, a UE 120 and a network node 110 may perform MIMO communication. MIMO communication generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. A network node 110 or a UE 120 may communicate using single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , the latter of which being used by a network node 110 to simultaneously transmit signals to multiple UEs 120. MIMO techniques may involve spatial multiplexing (multi-layer transmission) or beamforming. To implement beamforming, the amplitudes or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating a phase shift, a phase offset, or an amplitude) to generate one or more beams. For example, a network node 110 may generate one or more beams 160a, and a UE 120 may generate one or more beams 160b. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction, a directional reception of a wireless signal from a transmitting device or otherwise in a desired direction, a direction associated with such a directional transmission or directional reception, a set of directional resources associated with a signal transmission or signal reception (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, or a vertical direction) , or a set of parameters or resources associated with one or more aspects of a directional signal, among other examples.
[0050] In some examples, a network node 110 or a UE 120 may implement massive MIMO, which may be associated with an increased (for example, “massive” ) quantity of antennas at the network node 110 or at the UE 120, such as in a network implementing mmWave technology, which enables more precise beamforming or reduced interference. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement multi-TRP (mTRP) operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0051] The network node 110 and the UE 120 may establish a communication link or beam pair, and otherwise increase reliability, throughput, signal strength, or other signal properties for MIMO communications, by performing beam management operations, such as an initial beam acquisition operation, a beam refinement operation, or a beam recovery operation. For example, an initial beam acquisition operation may involve the network node 110 transmitting signals (for example, SSBs or other signals) via respective beams (for example, of the beams 160 of the network node 110) and the UE 120 receiving and measuring the signal (s) via respective beams of multiple beams (for example, from the beams 160 of the UE 120) to identify a best beam (or beam pair) for communication between the UE 120 and the network node 110. A beam refinement operation may involve a first device (for example, the UE 120 or the network node 110) transmitting signal (s) via a subset of beams (for example, identified based on, or otherwise associated with, measurements reported as part of one or more other beam management operations) . A second device (for example, the network node 110 or the UE 120) may receive the signal (s) via a single beam (for example, to identify the best beam for communication from the subset of beams) . The beam (s) may be identified or defined via one or more spatial parameters, such as a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state or a quasi co-location (QCL) parameter, among other examples.
[0052] Some aspects and techniques as described herein may be implemented, at least in part, using an artificial intelligence (AI) program (for example, referred to herein as an “AI / ML model” ) , such as a program that includes a machine learning (ML) model or an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The AI / ML model may be deployed at one or more devices 165 (for example, one or more network nodes 110, one or more UEs 120, one or more servers, or one or more components of a cloud computing network, among other examples) . For example, in a deployment in which AI / ML functionality is performed independently at a device 165, sometimes referred to as “overlay AI / ML, ” the AI / ML model (or an instance or portion of the AI / ML model) may be deployed at a UE 120 (for example, by the processing system 140) , a network node 110 (for example, by the processing system 145) , one or more servers, or one or more components of a cloud computing network, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, in a deployment where AI / ML functionality is coordinated between different devices 165, sometimes referred to as “coordinated AI / ML, ” or performed at all device and network layers, sometimes referred to as “native AI / ML, ” the AI / ML model (or an instance of the AI / ML model) may be deployed at multiple devices 165 (for example, a first portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 120 and a second portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 110) . In other examples of coordinated AI / ML or native AI / ML, a first AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 120 and a second AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 110. The AI / ML model (s) may be configured to enhance various aspects of the wireless communication network 100 (for example, to increase privacy, reliability, or efficient use of network bandwidth, or to reduce latency, among other examples) . For example, the AI / ML model (s) may be trained to identify patterns or relationships in data corresponding to the wireless communication network 100, a device, or an air interface, among other examples. The AI / ML model (s) may support operational decisions relating to one or more aspects associated with wireless communications devices, networks, or services.
[0053] Accordingly, in some examples, the AI / ML model (s) may enable AI-as-a-Service (for example, an end-to-end AI / ML service via a user plane) for use cases, such as a self-organizing network (SON) , minimization of drive test (MDT) , quality of experience (QoE) , positioning, sensing, predictive mobility, or traffic prediction, among other examples. In some examples, AI-as-a-Service use cases may include measurement collection reporting by a UE 120, device selection criteria (for example, according to a geographical area where measurements are to be collected or UE capabilities to be used to collected measurements) , or reporting configurations (for example, reporting parameters such as location, time, or sensor information, among other examples) . Additionally, or alternatively, the AI / ML model (s) may enable AI / ML procedures (for example, RAN-triggered service establishment, configuration, inferencing using UE-side or network-side models, performance monitoring or management, or capability signaling, among other examples) . Additionally, or alternatively, the AI / ML model (s) may enable RAN-based AI / ML services via one or more application program interfaces (APIs) or management interfaces for use cases, such as beam management, radio resource monitoring (RRM) relaxation, mobility prediction, load prediction, network energy savings, or coverage and capacity improvements, among other examples) .
[0054] In some aspects, the A-IoT device 125 may include a communication manager 155. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 155 may transmit, to an A-IoT reader 120d (also referred to as an intermediate node 120d) , a message including an indication that the A-IoT device 125 has DOA data to transmit, based on reporting information associated with the DOA data satisfying one or more transmission conditions, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data; and receive, from the A-IoT reader 120d, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 155 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0055] In some aspects, the A-IoT reader 120d may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may receive, from an A-IoT device 125, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device 125 has DOA data to transmit, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data; and transmit, to the A-IoT device 125, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0056] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated network node architecture 200. One or more components of the example disaggregated network node architecture 200 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated network node architecture 200 may include a CU 210 that can communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 220 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a non-real-time (Non-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 250 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 260 or a near-real-time (Near-RT) RIC 270 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 210 may communicate with one or more DUs 230 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 230 may communicate with one or more RUs 240 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 240 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 240.
[0057] Each of the components of the disaggregated network node architecture 200, including the CUs 210, the DUs 230, the RUs 240, the Near-RT RICs 270, the Non-RT RICs 250, and the SMO Framework 260, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for transmitting or receiving signals, such as data, control information, or reference signals via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0058] In some aspects, the CU 210 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 210 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 230, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 240. For example, a DU 230 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 210. Each RU 240 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 240 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 230.
[0059] The SMO Framework 260 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 260 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 260 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 290) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 210, a DU 230, an RU 240, a non-RT RIC 250, or a Near-RT RIC 270. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 260 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 280, via an O1 interface. Additionally, or alternatively, the SMO Framework 260 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 240 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0060] The Non-RT RIC 250 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications or features in the Near-RT RIC 270. The Non-RT RIC 250 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 270. The Near-RT RIC 270 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, or an O-eNB 280 with the Near-RT RIC 270.
[0061] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 270, the Non-RT RIC 250 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 270 and may be received at the SMO Framework 260 or the Non-RT RIC 250 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 250 or the Near-RT RIC 270 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 250 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 260 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0062] The network node 110, the A-IoT reader 120d, the processing system 140 of the UE 120 (also referred to as an “A-IoT reader” ) , the A-IoT device 125, the processing system 145 of the A-IoT device 125, the CU 210, the DU 230, the RU 240, or any other component (s) of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with signaling for A-IoT devices with DOA traffic, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the processing system 145 of the A-IoT device 125, the processing system 140 of the A-IoT reader 120d, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 500 of Fig. 5, process 600 of Fig. 6, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . In some aspects, the A-IoT reader 120d (also referred to as an “intermediate node” ) described herein is the network node 110, is included in the network node 110, or includes one or more components of the network node 110 shown in Figure 1. In some aspects, the A-IoT reader 120d (also referred to as an “intermediate node” ) described herein is the UE 120, is included in the UE 120, or includes one or more components of the UE 120 shown in Figure 1. Memory of the network node 110 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the network node 110, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240. In some examples, the memory of the network node 110 may store data relating to an A-IoT reader 120d, such as RRC state information or a UE context. Memory of an A-IoT reader 120d may store data and program code (or instructions) for the A-IoT reader 120d, such as context information. In some examples, the memory of the A-IoT reader 120d, the memory of the A-IoT device 125, or the memory of the network node 110 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication. For example, the set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors (for example, of the processing system 145 or the processing system 140) of the network node 110, the A-IoT reader 120d, the A-IoT device 125, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 500 of Fig. 5, process 600 of Fig. 6, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0063] In some aspects, the A-IoT device 125 includes means for transmitting, to an A-IoT reader 120d, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device 125 has DOA data to transmit, based on reporting information associated with the DOA data satisfying one or more transmission conditions, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data; or means for receiving, from the A-IoT reader 120d, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data. In some aspects, the means for the A-IoT device 125 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 155, processing system 145, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 702 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 7) , or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 704 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 7) , among other examples.
[0064] In some aspects, the A-IoT reader 120d includes means for receiving, from an A-IoT device 125, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device 125 has DOA data to transmit, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data; or means for transmitting, to the A-IoT device 125, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data. In some aspects, the means for the A-IoT reader 120d to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, processing system 140, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 802 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 8) , or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 804 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 8) , among other examples.
[0065] Figs. 3A-3B are diagrams illustrating examples 300, 310, and 320 associated with different types of A-IoT devices.
[0066] As shown in Fig. 3A, example 300 illustrates components of a passive A-IoT device. As shown, passive A-IoT devices may include a passive radio 330. For example, the passive radio 330 may be configured to backscatter a carrier wave (CW) .
[0067] Example 310 illustrates components of a semi-passive A-IoT device. As shown, semi-passive A-IoT devices may include an energy harvester 340, an energy storage 350, or a low-complexity semi-passive radio 360. For example, the low-complexity semi-passive radio 360 may be configured to harvest energy from a CW using the energy harvester 340, store energy from a CW using the energy storage 350, or backscatter a CW.
[0068] Example 320 illustrates components of an active A-IoT device. As shown, active A-IoT devices may include an energy harvester 340, an energy storage 350, or a low-complexity (for example, low-cost) active radio 370. For example, the low-complexity active radio 370 may be configured to harvest energy from a CW using the energy harvester 340, store energy from a CW using the energy storage 350, or backscatter a CW.
[0069] A-IoT devices may be categorized into at least three types of devices: device 1, device 2a, and device 2b. Device 1 type A-IoT devices may include at least some passive or semi-passive devices. A device 1 type A-IoT device may have approximately 1 μW peak power consumption, support energy storage, use an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm (for example, where X can be any suitable value) , and communicate uplink transmissions by backscattering externally-provided CWs.
[0070] Device 2a type A-IoT devices may include at least some semi-passive devices, and device 2b type A-IoT devices may include active devices. Both device 2a and device 2b type A-IoT devices may have less than or equal to a few hundred μW peak power consumption, support energy storage, and use an initial SFO up to 10X ppm. A device 2a type A-IoT device may communicate uplink transmissions by backscattering externally-provided CWs. A device 2b type A-IoT device may communicate uplink transmissions by internally generating the uplink transmission.
[0071] In some examples, device 1, device 2a, or device 2b type A-IoT devices that are located indoors may support a maximum distance of 10-50 m, a range which may be sub-selected. In Topology 1 (for example, in which an A-IoT device may directly and bidirectionally communicate with one or more network nodes 110) and in Topology 2 (for example, in which an A-IoT device may communicate bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the A-IoT device and a network node 110) , device 1, device 2a, or device 2b type A-IoT devices may not support RRC states, mobility (for example, cell-selection / re-selection-like functionality) , automatic repeat request (ARQ) , or hybrid ARQ (HARQ) .
[0072] As shown in Fig. 3B, examples 380 and 390 illustrate examples associated with backscatter communications. Some wireless communication devices may be considered IoT devices, such as A-IoT devices (sometimes referred to as ultra-light IoT devices) , or similar IoT devices. In A-IoT, a terminal (for example, an RF identification (RFID) device, a tag, or a similar device) may not include a battery, and the terminal may accumulate energy from radio signaling. To achieve further cost reduction and zero-power communication, wireless networks may utilize a type of A-IoT device referred to as an “ambient backscatter device” or a “backscatter device. ”
[0073] In the example 380 of Fig. 3B, an A-IoT device 125 (for example, a tag or a sensor, among other examples) may employ a simplified hardware design (for example, including a power splitter, an energy harvester, and a microcontroller) that does not include a battery, such that the A-IoT device 125 relies on energy harvesting for power, and that does not include a radio wave generation circuit, such that the A-IoT device 125 is capable of transmitting information only by reflecting a radio wave. More particularly, the A-IoT device 125 communicates with a reader 120 (for example, an A-IoT reader 120d, a UE 120, a network node 110, or another network device) by modulating a reflecting radio signal from an RF source (which may be the same device as the reader 120) . In some examples, the reader 120 may be controlled by a network node 110. For example, the network node 110 may schedule transmissions between the reader 120 and the A-IoT device 125.
[0074] In the example 390 of Fig. 3B, an A-IoT device 125 may be capable of transmitting over a longer distance (e.g., the A-IoT device 125 may be semi-passive or active or otherwise include hardware associated with greater transmit power) . Accordingly, the A-IoT device 125 may communicate directly with a network node 110. Therefore, the network node 110 may schedule transmissions between the network node 110 (function as a “reader” ) and the A-IoT device 125.
[0075] As indicated above, Figs. 3A-3B are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Figs. 3A-3B.
[0076] Figs. 4A-4E are diagrams illustrating an example 400 associated with signaling for A-IoT devices with DOA traffic. As shown in Fig. 4A, an A-IoT reader (e.g., A-IoT reader 120d, a UE 120, a network node 110, or another network device) and an A-IoT device (e.g., A-IoT device 125) may communicate with one another.
[0077] As shown by reference number 405, the A-IoT device may transmit, and the A-IoT reader may receive, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, based on reporting information associated with the DOA data satisfying one or more transmission conditions (e.g., according to periodic reporting, measurement thresholds, event detection, or energy availability at the A-IoT device, among other examples) , where the indication may include a resource request associated with the DOA data. For example, the indication may request that one or more resources be scheduled for the A-IoT device, such as an indication similar to an SR utilized in communication between a UE and a network node. In some aspects, the indication may be a single bit included in the message. In some aspects, the indication may include a plurality of bits included in the message. In some aspects, the A-IoT device may be configured to transmit the indication based on reporting information satisfying one or more transmission conditions. For example, the A-IoT device may be configured to transmit the indication periodically, transmit the indication based on the DOA data satisfying a reporting threshold, transmit the indication based on detection of one or more events, or transmit the indication according to energy (e.g., power) availability at the A-IoT device, among other examples.
[0078] As shown by reference number 410, the A-IoT reader may transmit, and the A-IoT device may receive, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of DOA data. For example, where an A-IoT device indicates that it has DOA data to transmit, the A-IoT reader may allocate resources accordingly, thereby conserving network resources and reducing network congestion. Similarly, where an A-IoT reader does not receive an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, the A-IoT reader may not allocate resources to the A-IoT device. In some aspects, the A-IoT reader may initiate a contention-based random access (CBRA) procedure to identify the A-IoT reader having DOA traffic. For example, where more than one A-IoT device has transmitted an indication, to the A-IoT reader, the A-IoT reader may initiate the CBRA procedure to determine which A-IoT devices have DOA data for transmission.
[0079] As shown in Figs. 4B-4C, in some aspects, the A-IoT device may transmit an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, and the indication may be common (e.g., the same) for all A-IoT devices having DOA traffic. In some aspects, where a common indication is utilized among all A-IoT devices, transmission overhead may be reduced for each A-IoT device. For example, the indication may indicate that the A-IoT device has DOA traffic to transmit, but may omit information indicating which A-IoT device is requesting resources for DOA traffic.
[0080] As shown in Fig. 4B, and by reference number 415, the A-IoT device may transmit the indication in a payload associated with the message. For example, the indication may be included as a single bit in addition to a D2R preamble associated with the payload. In some aspects, the payload may include the D2R preamble and the indication, and may not include additional information (e.g., D2R data) . In some aspects, the location of the indication, in the payload, may be obtained from a payload configuration (e.g., indicated through a D2R preamble or predefined, among other examples) . For example, the payload configuration may indicate that the indication is a single bit located after the D2R preamble, in the payload. Additionally, in some aspects, the D2R preamble may be located before the indication or the D2R preamble may be located before additional information (e.g., D2R data) . In some aspects, a D2R preamble located before an indication may be different than a D2R preamble located before additional information (e.g., D2R data) .
[0081] As shown by reference number 420, the indication may be included in a payload that includes a D2R preamble, the indication, and additional information (e.g., D2R data) . For example, the payload may include the D2R preamble, the indication (e.g., a single bit) , and D2R data. In some aspects, the location of the indication, in the payload, may be obtained from a payload configuration. For example, the payload configuration may indicate that the indication is a single bit located after the D2R preamble and before additional information, in the payload.
[0082] As shown in Fig. 4C, the A-IoT device may transmit the indication as a sequence (e.g., a sequence of bits) to indicate whether the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit. For example, as shown by reference number 425, a payload may be associated with a D2R preamble, where the D2R preamble may be modified to indicate whether the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit. For example, the D2R preamble may be modified to include the sequence of bits that indicates whether the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit.
[0083] As shown by reference number 430, the D2R preamble may be truncated to include the sequence of bits that indicates whether the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit. As shown by reference number 435, the D2R preamble may be modified to include additional information (e.g., additional bits) , where the modified D2R preamble may indicate whether the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit. As shown by reference number 440, a D2R preamble associated with a message (e.g., a payload of a message) may be replaced with a sequence of bits that indicates whether the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit. For example, an existing D2R preamble (e.g., including a sequence of bits) associated with the payload may be replaced by a different sequence of bits, where the different sequence of bits may indicate whether the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit.
[0084] As shown by reference number 445, the D2R preamble may be transmitted without additional information, where the D2R preamble may indicate that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit. For example, the D2R preamble may be transmitted independently in a payload that does not include D2R data. As a result, in some aspects, the A-IoT device may transmit D2R data in one or more separate payloads. In some aspects, the D2R preamble that is transmitted without additional information (e.g., D2R data) may be a modified D2R preamble, as described herein. In some aspects, the D2R preamble may be the D2R preamble that is utilized for transmission of DO-DTT traffic or DT traffic.
[0085] As shown in Figs. 4D-4E, in some aspects, the indication may be specific to the A-IoT device, and one or more additional A-IoT devices may each utilize a device-specific indication. For example, the indication may further indicate that the indication is associated with the A-IoT device. Because the A-IoT device utilizes an indication that is specific to the A-IoT device, the A-IoT reader may determine which A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, thereby reducing latency by enabling the A-IoT reader to directly assign resources for DOA traffic or to prompt the A-IoT device to initiate a CFRA procedure. In some aspects, the A-IoT device may establish a connection with the A-IoT reader prior to transmitting the message including the indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit.
[0086] As shown in Fig. 4D, and by reference numbers 450 and 455, where the indication (e.g., indicating that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit) is associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., the indication is device-specific) , the indication may be included in a payload associated with the message. In some aspects, the indication may include a single bit and a device ID (e.g., an access stratum (AS) ID) associated with the A-IoT device) . In some aspects, the single bit may be multiplexed with D2R data where the A-IoT device is scheduled to transmit D2R data.
[0087] In some aspects, the indication may be included in a payload that includes a D2R preamble, the indication (e.g., a single bit) , and a device ID. In some aspects, the location of the indication, in the payload, may be obtained from a payload configuration. For example, and as shown by reference number 450, the payload configuration may indicate that the indication is a single bit located after the D2R preamble and before the device ID, in the payload. Additionally, and as shown by reference number 455, a payload configuration may indicate that the indication is a single bit located after the device ID, in the payload. In some aspects, the payload may include additional information (e.g., D2R data) that is included with the D2R preamble, the indication, and the device ID.
[0088] As shown by reference number 460, the indication may include a device ID associated with the A-IoT device, to indicate that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, and a single bit may not be utilized to indicate the indication. In some aspects, the A-IoT may transmit a different identifier (e.g., different than the device ID) in a first message (e.g., Msg1) message (e.g., during a random access channel (RACH) procedure) , thereby enabling the A-IoT reader to distinguish the indication (e.g., indicating that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit) from other messages. For example, the A-IoT device may transmit, to the A-IoT reader, a 16-bit random number (RN16) indication in the first message, thereby enabling the A-IoT reader to determine the identity of the A-IoT device during a RACH procedure. In some aspects, the length (e.g., the sequence length) of the device ID, included in the indication, may be different than the length of a device ID that is utilized with transmissions, from the A-IoT device, that do not include the indication. For example, the device ID, included in the indication, may have a different length than a device ID included in a payload that carries D2R data and does not include the indication.
[0089] In some aspects, the device ID, included in the indication, may be truncated from an original device ID associated with the A-IoT device. For example, the original device ID may be associated with an assigned A-IoT device ID, a randomly-generated or pseudo randomly-generated device ID associated with the A-IoT device, or an electronic product code (EPC) ID, among other examples. Additionally, for example, the device ID may be truncated to 8 bits in order to distinguish from a device ID associated with DO-DTT traffic or DT traffic, which may utilize 16 bits. In some aspects the length of the truncated device ID may be obtained via a configuration. For example, the length of the truncated device ID may be dynamically indicated via a configuration message or a similar triggering signal, among other examples.
[0090] In some aspects, the device ID, included in the indication, may be assigned by the A-IoT reader. For example, the device ID may be an AS ID assigned by the A-IoT reader. Similarly, for example, the device ID may be different than the RN16 that is included in a first message associated with the A-IoT device. In some aspects, additional information (e.g., D2R) data may be included in the AS ID assigned by the A-IoT reader. Additionally, or alternatively, additional information (e.g., D2R) data may be included in the device ID (e.g., where the device ID may be different than the RN16) .
[0091] Additionally, or alternatively, where the A-IoT device is scheduled to transmit additional information (e.g., D2R data) when transmitting the indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, the indication may include a single bit and the device ID associated with the A-IoT device. In some aspects, where the A-IoT device is not scheduled to transmit additional information (e.g., D2R data) , when transmitting the indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, the A-IoT device may transmit the device ID associated with the A-IoT device, and may refrain from including the single bit.
[0092] As shown in Fig. 4E, and by reference numbers 465 and 470, a plurality of bits may be included in the indication, to indicate whether the A-IoT traffic has DOA data to transmit and to indicate a payload, of DOA data, associated with the A-IoT device. As shown by reference number 465, the A-IoT device may transmit a D2R preamble and a plurality of bits indicating buffer information (e.g., a buffer size of a buffer, associated with the DOA data) , where the plurality of bits indicate whether the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit. In some aspects, the buffer information may be associated with a payload, of DOA data, associated with the A-IoT device.
[0093] As shown by reference number 470, the A-IoT device may transmit a D2R preamble, a plurality of bits indicating the buffer information, and a device ID, associated with the A-IoT device, where the plurality of bits indicate whether the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit. In some aspects, the location of the plurality of bits may be determined by a buffer size indication configuration. For example, the buffer size indication configuration may indicate that the plurality of bits is located after the D2R preamble and before the device ID. Alternatively, for example, the buffer size indication configuration may indicate that the plurality of bits is located after the device ID. In some aspects, the plurality of bits may include a sequence of bits that indicate that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit.
[0094] Additionally, or alternatively, the A-IoT device may transmit a D2R preamble, a single bit to indicate whether the A-IoT device has DOA traffic to transmit, and a device ID associated with the A-IoT device. Additionally, where the single bit indicates that the A-IoT device has DOA traffic, the A-IoT device’s transmission may also include a plurality of bits indicating whether buffer information is included. In contrast, where the single bit indicates that the A-IoT device does not have DOA traffic to transmit, then the transmission may not include a plurality of bits indicating that buffer information is included.
[0095] Additionally, or alternatively, in some aspects, the buffer information may be transmitted with additional information (e.g., D2R data) , where the location of the buffer information may be determined by a buffer size indication configuration. In some aspects, the buffer information may be transmitted with additional information (e.g., D2R data) , where the location of the buffer information may be determined by a buffer size indication, and the transmission may include a single bit indicating whether the buffer information is included in the transmission. For example, the A-IoT device may transmit the message including the indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, where the message includes a bit indicating whether a plurality of bits are present that indicate a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data. As a result, the A-IoT reader may flexibly and efficiently determine whether a message, from the A-IoT device, includes the plurality of bits indicating the buffer information. Additionally, the location of the plurality of bits may be determined by a buffer size indication configuration.
[0096] As shown by reference numbers 475 and 480, the A-IoT device may transmit, and the A-IoT reader may receive, a sequence of bits indicating that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit. In some aspects, the sequence of bits may be specific to the A-IoT device, thereby enabling the A-IoT reader to distinguish between different A-IoT devices or to identify an A-IoT device associated with the sequence of bits. For example, as shown by reference number 475, an indication that a first A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit may include a first sequence. Similarly, and as shown by reference number 480, an indication that a second A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit may include a second sequence.
[0097] In some aspects, the sequence of bits may be specific to the A-IoT device and may be a subset of a set of orthogonal sequences, thereby enabling the multiplexing of different sequences of bits from different A-IoT devices (e.g., indicating where each A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit) . In some aspects, the A-IoT device may obtain a configuration including one or more sets of orthogonal sequences, and the A-IoT device may select a single orthogonal sequence to indicate that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit.
[0098] In some aspects, the A-IoT device may randomly or pseudo randomly select the single orthogonal sequence from the one or more sets of orthogonal sequences. For example, the A-IoT device may utilize a random number generator or a pseudo-random number generator to select a value associated with a single orthogonal sequence. In some aspects, the A-IoT device may select the single orthogonal sequence, from the one or more sets of orthogonal sequences, based on one or more values that are associated with an ID associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., a device ID) .
[0099] In some aspects, the A-IoT device may transmit, and the A-IoT reader may receive, an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, where the indication is included in a payload associated with the message and includes the sequence of bits indicating that the indication is associated with the A-IoT device. Additionally, the indication may include an indication of a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data.
[0100] As described herein, an A-IoT device may transmit a message that includes an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, where the indication may include a resource request associated with the DOA data. The A-IoT device may receive a resource allocation for transmission of the DOA data. As a result, in some examples, the described techniques can be used to reduce latency, conserve power and processing resources, and improve spectral efficiency. In some examples, where a common indication is utilized among all A-IoT devices, transmission overhead may be reduced for each A-IoT device. Additionally, where the A-IoT device utilizes an indication that is specific to the A-IoT device, the A-IoT reader may determine which A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, thereby reducing latency by enabling the A-IoT reader to directly assign resources for DOA traffic or to prompt the A-IoT device to initiate a CFRA procedure. Additionally, in some examples, because a set of resources may be dedicated to a specific A-IoT device or may be dedicated for DOA traffic, the transmissions from the A-IoT device are less likely to collide with signals from other A-IoT devices (or from non-DOA traffic) , which may improve quality and reliability of DOA traffic and in turn conserve power and processing resources at the A-IoT device. In some examples, where an A-IoT device indicates that it has DOA data to transmit, the A-IoT reader may allocate resources accordingly, thereby conserving network resources and reducing network congestion. Similarly, in some examples, because the A-IoT reader allocates resources for the A-IoT device or for DOA traffic, the A-IoT reader may monitor for transmissions from the A-IoT device or for DOA traffic only on the allocated resources, which may conserve power and processing resources at the A-IoT reader.
[0101] As indicated above, Figs. 4A-4E are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Figs. 4A-4E.
[0102] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example process 500 performed, for example, at an A-IoT device or an apparatus of an A-IoT device. Example process 500 is an example where the apparatus or the A-IoT device (e.g., A-IoT device 125) performs operations associated with signaling for A-IoT devices with DOA traffic.
[0103] As shown in Fig. 5, in some aspects, process 500 may include transmitting, to an A-IoT reader, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, based on reporting information associated with the DOA data satisfying one or more transmission conditions, where the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data (block 510) . For example, the A-IoT device (e.g., using transmission component 704 or communication manager 706, depicted in Fig. 7) may transmit, to an A-IoT reader, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, based on reporting information associated with the DOA data satisfying one or more transmission conditions, where the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data, as described above (e.g., at reference number 405 of Fig. 4A) .
[0104] As further shown in Fig. 5, in some aspects, process 500 may include receiving, from the A-IoT reader, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data (block 520) . For example, the A-IoT device (e.g., using reception component 702 or communication manager 706, depicted in Fig. 7) may receive, from the A-IoT reader, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data, as described above (e.g., at reference number 410 of Fig 4A) .
[0105] Process 500 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0106] In a first aspect, the indication is included in a payload associated with the message (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0107] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the indication is a single bit (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0108] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the payload does not include device-to-reader data (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0109] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the payload includes device-to-reader data (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0110] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, a location of the indication in the payload is determined by a payload configuration (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0111] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the indication includes a sequence of bits indicating that the A-IoT device has DOA traffic to transmit (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0112] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, process 500 includes modifying a preamble associated with the message to include the sequence of bits (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0113] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, process 500 includes replacing a preamble associated with the message with the sequence of bits (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0114] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the indication is included in a preamble associated with the message, and the message does not include device-to-reader data (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0115] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the indication further indicates that the indication is associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0116] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the indication is included in a payload associated with the message (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0117] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the indication includes only a single bit and a device identifier associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0118] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the indication includes a device ID associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0119] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the device ID is truncated from an original device ID associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0120] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the device ID is an A-IoT-reader-assigned device ID (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0121] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the indication includes only a single bit and a device ID associated with the A-IoT device, based on a determination that the message includes D2R data, or the indication includes the device ID based on a determination that the message does not include D2R data (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0122] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, the indication includes a plurality of bits indicating that the A-IoT device has DOA traffic to transmit and further indicating a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0123] In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, the message includes a preamble and the indication (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0124] In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, the message includes a preamble, the indication, and a device identifier associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0125] In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, a location of the plurality of bits is determined by a buffer size indication configuration (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0126] In a twenty-first aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, the message includes a bit indicating whether a plurality of bits are present that indicate a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data, and a location of the plurality of bits is determined by a buffer size indication configuration (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0127] In a twenty-second aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-first aspects, the indication includes a sequence of bits indicating that the A-IoT device has DOA traffic to transmit (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0128] In a twenty-third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-second aspects, the sequence of bits is associated with the A-IoT device and is a subset of a set of orthogonal sequences of bits (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0129] In a twenty-fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-third aspects, process 500 includes selecting, from a set of orthogonal sequences of bits, the sequence of bits (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0130] In a twenty-fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-fourth aspects, the sequence of bits is randomly selected (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0131] In a twenty-sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-fifth aspects, the sequence of bits is selected based on a hash value for a device identifier associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0132] In a twenty-seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-sixth aspects, the indication is included in a payload, associated with the message, that indicates a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data, and the indication includes a sequence of bits indicating that the indication is associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0133] Although Fig. 5 shows example blocks of process 500, in some aspects, process 500 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 5. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 500 may be performed in parallel.
[0134] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example process 600 performed, for example, at an A-IoT reader or an apparatus of an A-IoT reader. Example process 600 is an example where the apparatus or the A-IoT reader (e.g., A-IoT reader 120d) performs operations associated with signaling for A-IoT devices with DOA traffic.
[0135] As shown in Fig. 6, in some aspects, process 600 may include receiving, from an A-IoT device, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, where the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data (block 610) . For example, the A-IoT reader (e.g., using reception component 802 or communication manager 806, depicted in Fig. 8) may receive, from an A-IoT device, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, where the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data, as described above (e.g., at reference number 405 of Fig. 4A) .
[0136] As further shown in Fig. 6, in some aspects, process 600 may include transmitting, to the A-IoT device, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data (block 620) . For example, the A-IoT reader (e.g., using transmission component 804 or communication manager 806, depicted in Fig. 8) may transmit, to the A-IoT device, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data, as described above (e.g., at reference number 410 of Fig. 4A) .
[0137] Process 600 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0138] In a first aspect, the indication is included in a payload associated with the message (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0139] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the indication is a single bit (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0140] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the payload does not include device-to-reader data (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0141] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the payload includes device-to-reader data (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0142] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the indication includes a sequence of bits indicating that the A-IoT device has DOA traffic to transmit (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0143] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the indication is included in a preamble associated with the message (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0144] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the indication is included in a preamble associated with the message, and the message does not include device-to-reader data (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0145] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the indication further indicates that the indication is associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0146] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the indication is included in a payload associated with the message (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0147] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the indication includes only a single bit and a device identifier associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0148] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the indication includes a device ID associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0149] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the device ID is a truncated original device ID associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0150] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the device ID is an A-IoT-reader-assigned device ID (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0151] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the indication includes only a single bit and a device ID associated with the A-IoT device, indicating that the message includes D2R data, or the indication includes only the device ID, indicating that the message does not include D2R data (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0152] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the indication includes a plurality of bits indicating that the A-IoT device has DOA traffic to transmit and further indicating a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0153] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the message includes a preamble and the indication (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0154] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, the message includes a preamble, the indication, and a device identifier associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0155] In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, the message includes a bit indicating whether a plurality of bits are present that indicate a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0156] In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, the indication includes a sequence of bits indicating that the A-IoT device has DOA traffic to transmit (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0157] In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, the sequence of bits is associated with the A-IoT device and is a subset of a set of orthogonal sequences of bits (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0158] In a twenty-first aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, the indication is included in a payload, associated with the message, that indicates a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data, and the indication includes a sequence of bits indicating that the indication is associated with the A-IoT device (e.g., as described in connection with Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C, Fig. 4D, or Fig. 4E) .
[0159] Although Fig. 6 shows example blocks of process 600, in some aspects, process 600 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 6. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 600 may be performed in parallel.
[0160] Fig. 7 is a diagram of an example apparatus 700 for wireless communication. The apparatus 700 may be an A-IoT device (e.g., A-IoT device 125) , or an A-IoT device may include the apparatus 700. In some aspects, the apparatus 700 includes a reception component 702, a transmission component 704, or a communication manager 706, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 706 is the communication manager 155 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 700 may communicate with another apparatus 708, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 702 and the transmission component 704. The communication manager 706 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system (for example, the processing system 145 described in connection with Fig. 1) of the A-IoT device.
[0161] In some aspects, the apparatus 700 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 4A-4E. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 700 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 500 of Fig. 5. In some aspects, the apparatus 700 or one or more components shown in Fig. 7 may include one or more components of the A-IoT device described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 7 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0162] The reception component 702 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 708. The reception component 702 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 700. In some aspects, the reception component 702 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 700. In some aspects, the reception component 702 may include one or more components of the A-IoT device described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the A-IoT device.
[0163] The transmission component 704 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 708. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 700 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 704 for transmission to the apparatus 708. In some aspects, the transmission component 704 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 708. In some aspects, the transmission component 704 may include one or more components of the A-IoT device described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the A-IoT device described in connection with Fig. 1. In some aspects, the transmission component 704 may be co-located with the reception component 702.
[0164] The communication manager 706 may support operations of the reception component 702 or the transmission component 704. For example, the communication manager 706 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 702 or transmission of communications by the transmission component 704. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 706 may generate or provide control information to the reception component 702 or the transmission component 704 to control reception or transmission of communications.
[0165] The transmission component 704 may transmit, to an A-IoT reader, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, based on reporting information associated with the DOA data satisfying one or more transmission conditions, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data. The reception component 702 may receive, from the A-IoT reader, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data.
[0166] The communication manager 706 may modify a preamble associated with the message to include the sequence of bits.
[0167] The communication manager 706 may replace a preamble associated with the message with the sequence of bits.
[0168] The communication manager 706 may select, from a set of orthogonal sequences of bits, the sequence of bits.
[0169] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 7 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 7. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 7 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 7 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 7 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 7.
[0170] Fig. 8 is a diagram of an example apparatus 800 for wireless communication. The apparatus 800 may be an A-IoT reader (e.g., A-IoT reader 120d) , or a A-IoT reader may include the apparatus 800. In some aspects, the apparatus 800 includes a reception component 802, a transmission component 804, or a communication manager 806, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 806 is the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 800 may communicate with another apparatus 808, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 802 and the transmission component 804. The communication manager 806 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system (for example, the processing system 140 described in connection with Fig. 1) of the A-IoT reader.
[0171] In some aspects, the apparatus 800 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 4A-4E. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 800 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 600 of Fig. 6. In some aspects, the apparatus 800 or one or more components shown in Fig. 8 may include one or more components of the A-IoT reader described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 8 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0172] The reception component 802 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 808. The reception component 802 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 800. In some aspects, the reception component 802 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 800. In some aspects, the reception component 802 may include one or more components of the A-IoT reader described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the A-IoT reader.
[0173] The transmission component 804 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 808. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 800 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 804 for transmission to the apparatus 808. In some aspects, the transmission component 804 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 808. In some aspects, the transmission component 804 may include one or more components of the A-IoT reader described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the A-IoT reader described in connection with Fig. 1. In some aspects, the transmission component 804 may be co-located with the reception component 802.
[0174] The communication manager 806 may support operations of the reception component 802 or the transmission component 804. For example, the communication manager 806 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 802 or transmission of communications by the transmission component 804. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 806 may generate or provide control information to the reception component 802 or the transmission component 804 to control reception or transmission of communications.
[0175] The reception component 802 may receive, from an A-IoT device, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has DOA data to transmit, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data. The transmission component 804 may transmit, to the A-IoT device, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data.
[0176] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 8 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 8. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 8 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 8 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 8 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 8.
[0177] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0178] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, comprising: transmitting, to an A-IoT reader, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has device-originated autonomous (DOA) data to transmit, based on reporting information associated with the DOA data satisfying one or more transmission conditions, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data; and receiving, from the A-IoT reader, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data.
[0179] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the indication is included in a payload associated with the message.
[0180] Aspect 3: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the indication is a single bit.
[0181] Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the payload does not include device-to-reader data.
[0182] Aspect 5: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the payload includes device-to-reader data.
[0183] Aspect 6: The method of Aspect 5, wherein a location of the indication in the payload is determined by a payload configuration.
[0184] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the indication includes a sequence of bits indicating that the A-IoT device has DOA traffic to transmit.
[0185] Aspect 8: The method of Aspect 7, further comprising: modifying a preamble associated with the message to include the sequence of bits.
[0186] Aspect 9: The method of Aspect 7, further comprising: replacing a preamble associated with the message with the sequence of bits.
[0187] Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 7, wherein the indication is included in a preamble associated with the message, and wherein the message does not include device-to-reader data.
[0188] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the indication further indicates that the indication is associated with the A-IoT device.
[0189] Aspect 12: The method of Aspect 11, wherein the indication is included in a payload associated with the message.
[0190] Aspect 13: The method of Aspect 12, wherein the indication includes only a single bit and a device identifier associated with the A-IoT device.
[0191] Aspect 14: The method of Aspect 12, wherein the indication includes a device identifier (ID) associated with the A-IoT device.
[0192] Aspect 15: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the device ID is truncated from an original device ID associated with the A-IoT device.
[0193] Aspect 16: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the device ID is an A-IoT-reader-assigned device ID.
[0194] Aspect 17: The method of Aspect 11, wherein the indication includes only a single bit and a device identifier (ID) associated with the A-IoT device, based on a determination that the message includes device-to-reader (D2R) data, or wherein the indication includes the device ID based on a determination that the message does not include D2R data.
[0195] Aspect 18: The method of Aspect 11, wherein the indication includes a plurality of bits indicating that the A-IoT device has DOA traffic to transmit and further indicating a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data.
[0196] Aspect 19: The method of Aspect 18, wherein the message includes a preamble and the indication.
[0197] Aspect 20: The method of Aspect 18, wherein the message includes a preamble, the indication, and a device identifier associated with the A-IoT device.
[0198] Aspect 21: The method of Aspect 18, wherein a location of the plurality of bits is determined by a buffer size indication configuration.
[0199] Aspect 22: The method of Aspect 11, wherein the message includes a bit indicating whether a plurality of bits are present that indicate a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data, and wherein a location of the plurality of bits is determined by a buffer size indication configuration.
[0200] Aspect 23: The method of Aspect 11, wherein the indication includes a sequence of bits indicating that the A-IoT device has DOA traffic to transmit.
[0201] Aspect 24: The method of Aspect 23, wherein the sequence of bits is associated with the A-IoT device and is a subset of a set of orthogonal sequences of bits.
[0202] Aspect 25: The method of Aspect 23, further comprising: selecting, from a set of orthogonal sequences of bits, the sequence of bits.
[0203] Aspect 26: The method of Aspect 25, wherein the sequence of bits is randomly selected.
[0204] Aspect 27: The method of Aspect 25, wherein the sequence of bits is selected based on a hash value for a device identifier associated with the A-IoT device.
[0205] Aspect 28: The method of Aspect 11, wherein the indication is included in a payload, associated with the message, that indicates a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data; and wherein the indication includes a sequence of bits indicating that the indication is associated with the A-IoT device.
[0206] Aspect 29: A method of wireless communication performed by an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) reader, comprising: receiving, from an A-IoT device, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has device-originated autonomous (DOA) data to transmit, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data; and transmitting, to the A-IoT device, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data.
[0207] Aspect 30: The method of Aspect 29, wherein the indication is included in a payload associated with the message.
[0208] Aspect 31: The method of Aspect 30, wherein the indication is a single bit.
[0209] Aspect 32: The method of Aspect 30, wherein the payload does not include device-to-reader data.
[0210] Aspect 33: The method of Aspect 30, wherein the payload includes device-to-reader data.
[0211] Aspect 34: The method of any of Aspects 29-33, wherein the indication includes a sequence of bits indicating that the A-IoT device has DOA traffic to transmit.
[0212] Aspect 35: The method of Aspect 34, where the indication is included in a preamble associated with the message.
[0213] Aspect 36: The method of Aspect 34, wherein the indication is included in a preamble associated with the message, and wherein the message does not include device-to-reader data.
[0214] Aspect 37: The method of any of Aspects 29-36, wherein the indication further indicates that the indication is associated with the A-IoT device.
[0215] Aspect 38: The method of Aspect 37, wherein the indication is included in a payload associated with the message.
[0216] Aspect 39: The method of Aspect 38, wherein the indication includes only a single bit and a device identifier associated with the A-IoT device.
[0217] Aspect 40: The method of Aspect 38, wherein the indication includes a device identifier (ID) associated with the A-IoT device.
[0218] Aspect 41: The method of Aspect 40, wherein the device ID is a truncated original device ID associated with the A-IoT device.
[0219] Aspect 42: The method of Aspect 40, wherein the device ID is an A-IoT-reader-assigned device ID.
[0220] Aspect 43: The method of Aspect 37, wherein the indication includes only a single bit and a device identifier (ID) associated with the A-IoT device, indicating that the message includes device-to-reader (D2R) data, or wherein the indication includes only the device ID, indicating that the message does not include D2R data.
[0221] Aspect 44: The method of Aspect 37, wherein the indication includes a plurality of bits indicating that the A-IoT device has DOA traffic to transmit and further indicating a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data.
[0222] Aspect 45: The method of Aspect 44, wherein the message includes a preamble and the indication.
[0223] Aspect 46: The method of Aspect 44, wherein the message includes a preamble, the indication, and a device identifier associated with the A-IoT device.
[0224] Aspect 47: The method of Aspect 37, wherein the message includes a bit indicating whether a plurality of bits are present that indicate a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data.
[0225] Aspect 48: The method of Aspect 37, wherein the indication includes a sequence of bits indicating that the A-IoT device has DOA traffic to transmit.
[0226] Aspect 49: The method of Aspect 48, wherein the sequence of bits is associated with the A-IoT device and is a subset of a set of orthogonal sequences of bits.
[0227] Aspect 50: The method of Aspect 37, wherein the indication is included in a payload, associated with the message, that indicates a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data; and wherein the indication includes a sequence of bits indicating that the indication is associated with the A-IoT device.
[0228] Aspect 51: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-50.
[0229] Aspect 52: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-50.
[0230] Aspect 53: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-50.
[0231] Aspect 54: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-50.
[0232] Aspect 55: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-50.
[0233] Aspect 56: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-50.
[0234] Aspect 57: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-50.
[0235] Aspect 58: A device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more code-storing memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-50.
[0236] Aspect 59: A device comprising a processing system that includes processor circuitry and code-storing memory circuitry, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-50.
[0237] It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0238] As used herein, the term “determine” or “determining” can encompass one or more of a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” can include one or more of calculating, computing, processing, deriving, detecting, estimating, investigating, looking up, inferring, ascertaining, measuring, resolving, selecting, choosing, obtaining, identifying, interpreting, demodulating, decoding, reading, establishing, forming or generating, among other examples. In some such examples, determining can involve a processor performing some type of calculating, computing, deriving, estimating, inferring, ascertaining, resolving, predicting or other processing to obtain one or more numerical values, sets, elements or other information or results. In some other such examples, determining can involve a processor identifying, looking up, investigating or otherwise obtaining some type of value, set, element or other information or result from a table, a data structure, a database or other memory device or location. In some other such examples, determining can involve a processor identifying, interpreting, demodulating, decoding, detecting, reading or otherwise obtaining some type of value, set, element or other information or result signaled in, for example, a received wireless packet. In some other such examples, determining can involve a processor selecting or choosing one or more values, sets, elements or other information or results from a larger set of values, sets elements or other information or results. In some other such examples, determining can involve a processor performing a measurement, such as on a received signal.
[0239] As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to refer to one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more” or “at least one. ” As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” or “one or more of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c. Additionally, as used herein, a phrase referring to “a” or “an” element refers to one or more of such elements acting individually or collectively to perform the recited function (s) . Additionally, as used herein, a “set” can refer to one or more items, and a “subset” can refer to a whole set or less than the whole set, but not an empty set. “Set, ” “group, ” and similar terms are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be interpreted in the inclusive sense (such as when referring to a series) and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless otherwise explicitly indicated (for example, if used in conjunction with “either” or “only one of” ) . For example, “A or B” may include A only, B only, or a combination of A and B. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” “comprise, ” “comprising, ” “include” and “including, ” and derivatives thereof or similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A also may have B) .
[0240] As used herein, the phrase “associated with” is intended to be interpreted in the inclusive sense, unless otherwise explicitly indicated. For example, the phrase “associated with” is not to be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions, factors, criteria, elements, components, or actions, among other examples. Specifically, unless a phrase refers to “associated with only ‘a, ’ ” or the equivalent in context, whatever it is that is “associated with ‘a, ’ ” may be associated with “a” alone or associated with a combination of “a” and one or more other conditions, factors, criteria, elements, components, or actions, among other examples. In various examples, the phrase “associated with” may be interpreted to mean “in association with, ” “in accordance with, ” “based on, ” “based at least in part on, ” “as a function of, ” “in response to, ” “responsive to, ” or “using” as appropriate in the relevant context unless otherwise explicitly indicated. Furthermore, what follows the phrase “associated with, ” “in association with, ” “in accordance with, ” “based on, ” “based at least in part on, ” “as a function of, ” “in response to, ” “responsive to, ” or “using” is not necessarily the focal point or primary factor associated with the limitation preceding the phrase.
[0241] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0242] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the scope of all aspects described herein. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the apparatus to:transmit, to an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) reader, a message including an indication that the apparatus has device-originated autonomous (DOA) data to transmit, based on reporting information associated with the DOA data satisfying one or more transmission conditions, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data; andreceive, from the A-IoT reader, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication is included in a payload associated with the message.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication includes a sequence of bits indicating that the apparatus has DOA traffic to transmit.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus to:modify a preamble associated with the message to include the sequence of bits.5.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus to:replace a preamble associated with the message with the sequence of bits.6.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the indication is included in a preamble associated with the message, and wherein the message does not include device-to-reader data.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication further indicates that the indication is associated with the apparatus.8.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the indication includes only a single bit and a device identifier (ID) associated with the apparatus, based on a determination that the message includes device-to-reader (D2R) data, orwherein the indication includes the device ID based on a determination that the message does not include D2R data.9.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the indication includes a plurality of bits indicating that the apparatus has DOA traffic to transmit and further indicating a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data.10.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the indication includes a sequence of bits indicating that the apparatus has DOA traffic to transmit.11.An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the apparatus to:receive, from an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has device-originated autonomous (DOA) data to transmit, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data; andtransmit, to the A-IoT device, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data.12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the indication is included in a payload associated with the message.13.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the indication is a single bit.14.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the indication further indicates that the indication is associated with the A-IoT device.15.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the indication is included in a payload associated with the message.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the indication includes only a single bit and a device identifier associated with the A-IoT device.17.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the indication includes a device identifier (ID) associated with the A-IoT device.18.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the indication includes only a single bit and a device identifier (ID) associated with the A-IoT device, indicating that the message includes device-to-reader (D2R) data, orwherein the indication includes only the device ID, indicating that the message does not include D2R data.19.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the indication is included in a payload, associated with the message, that indicates a buffer size, of a buffer, associated with the DOA data; andwherein the indication includes a sequence of bits indicating that the indication is associated with the A-IoT device.20.A method of wireless communication performed by an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, comprising:transmitting, to an A-IoT reader, a message including an indication that the A-IoT device has device-originated autonomous (DOA) data to transmit, based on reporting information associated with the DOA data satisfying one or more transmission conditions, wherein the indication includes a resource request associated with the DOA data; andreceiving, from the A-IoT reader, a resource allocation message indicating a set of resources allocated for transmission of the DOA data.