Frequency pattern-based sensing
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/127404
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-27
Smart Images

Figure CN2025127404_27082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
FREQUENCY PATTERN-BASED SENSINGTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to a user equipment (UE) , a base station, processors for wireless communication and methods for frequency pattern-based sensing.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , a sixth generation NodeB, or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] In 6G systems or other generation systems, the sensing procedure may be utilized for various purposes. Enhancements on sensing are still needed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support frequency pattern-based sensing.
[0005] In a first aspect of the solution, a UE receives, from a network entity, a sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies. The UE determines a sensing reference signal (RS) frequency pattern based on the sensing configuration. The UE performs a sensing operation based on the sensing RS frequency pattern.
[0006] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing configuration comprises the sensing RS frequency pattern. The sensing RS frequency pattern comprises at least one of the following: a number of frequency hops; hopping information, comprising at least one of a frequency hop identity (ID) or a repetition number; at least one frequency resource for frequency hopping, each being indicated by one of a frequency ID, a bandwidth ID, or a carrier ID; a hopping bandwidth; or a corresponding time duration for each frequency resource to performing the sensing operation.
[0007] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: performing the sensing operation using the sensing RS frequency pattern based on receiving the sensing configuration comprising the sensing RS frequency pattern.
[0008] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the network entity, an acknowledgement for the sensing configuration comprising the sensing RS frequency pattern, wherein a start position of application of the sensing RS frequency pattern is determined based on the acknowledgement.
[0009] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the network entity, an activation indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern; and performing the sensing operation using the sensing RS frequency pattern based on receiving the activation indication, wherein the activation indication is carried in a radio resource control (RRC) message, or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) , or a physical layer signaling.
[0010] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the network entity, an acknowledgement for the activation indication, wherein a start position of application of the sensing RS frequency pattern is determined based on the acknowledgement.
[0011] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining that at least one first condition is fulfilled; and performing the sensing operation using the sensing RS frequency pattern based on determining that the at least one first condition is fulfilled. The at least one first condition is configured by the network entity or is predefined. The at least one first condition comprises at least one of the following: a sensing measurement result reaches a threshold, the UE moves into a sensing area, or occurrence of an event associated with a detection result of a sensing object. The event comprises one of the following: the sensing object is detected, the sensing object moves into a sensing area, or a path on which the sensing object is detected is updated.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a start position of application of the sensing RS frequency pattern is determined based on a rule associated with a system frame number of a frame number of a slot number. The rule is configured in the sensing configuration or is predefined.
[0013] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining that the at least one first condition is not fulfilled; and deactivating the sensing RS frequency pattern for the sensing operation based on determining that the at least one first condition is not fulfilled.
[0014] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the network entity, a deactivation indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern; and deactivating the sensing RS frequency pattern for the sensing operation based on receiving the deactivation indication, wherein the deactivation indication is carried in an RRC message, or a MAC CE, or a physical layer signaling.
[0015] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the network entity, an update indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern; and updating the sensing RS frequency pattern for the sensing operation based on receiving the update indication, wherein the update indication is carried in an RRC message, or a MAC CE, or a physical layer signaling.
[0016] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the network entity, a release indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern; and releasing the sensing RS frequency pattern based on receiving the release indication, wherein the release indication is carried in an RRC message, or a MAC CE, or a physical layer signaling.
[0017] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing configuration comprises information for determining the sensing RS frequency pattern. The sensing RS frequency pattern is determined based on the information. The information comprises at least one of the following: a frequency range or bandwidth range for the sensing operation; one or more frequency resources for the sensing operation; a maximum number of frequency hops for each frequency resource; a maximum number of frequency resources for the sensing operation; a corresponding time duration for each frequency resource to performing the sensing operation; or a reporting time window of sensing data or sensing result for each frequency resource.
[0018] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the network entity, an indication of the sensing RS frequency pattern.
[0019] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the network entity, a sensing report comprising associated frequency information of the sensing RS frequency pattern.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, one of the one or more frequency resources is selected for the sensing operation.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, at least one frequency resource, among the one or more frequency resources, supported by the UE is used for the sensing operation.
[0022] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the information further comprises sensing area information associated with the one or more frequency resources. The UE is within a sensing area. At least one frequency resource, among the one or more frequency resources, is associated with the sensing area and is supported by the UE. One of the at least one frequency resource is selected for the sensing operation.
[0023] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the information further comprises sensing area information associated with the one or more frequency resources. The UE is within a sensing area. At least one frequency resource, among the one or more frequency resources, is associated with the sensing area and is supported by the UE. The at least one frequency resource is used for the sensing operation.
[0024] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining that at least one second condition is fulfilled; falling back to an initial frequency resource for the sensing operation based on determining that the at least one second condition is fulfilled; and transmitting, to the network entity, a sensing report associated with the sensing RS frequency pattern and a fallback indication.
[0025] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one second condition is configured by the network entity or is predefined. The at least one second condition comprises at least one of the following: a timer associated with a frequency resource is expired, a sensing measurement result on a frequency resource reaches a threshold, or occurrence of an event associated with a detection result of a sensing object on a frequency resource. The event comprises one of the following: the sensing object is detected or is not detected, the sensing object moves into or out of a sensing area, or a path on which the sensing object is detected is updated.
[0026] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, none of the one or more frequency resources is supported by the UE. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include at least one of the following: deactivating the sensing operation; or transmitting, to the network entity, an indication that none of the one or more frequency resources is supported by the UE.
[0027] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the UE is a sensing Tx node or a sensing Rx node, wherein the network entity is a core network entity or a base station.
[0028] In a second aspect of the solution, a network entity determines a sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies for a sensing operation; and transmits, to a user equipment (UE) , the sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies.
[0029] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing configuration comprises a sensing RS frequency pattern. The sensing RS frequency pattern comprises at least one of the following: a number of frequency hops; hopping information, comprising at least one of a frequency hop identity (ID) or a repetition number; at least one frequency resource for frequency hopping, each being indicated by one of a frequency ID, a bandwidth ID, or a carrier ID; a hopping bandwidth; or a corresponding time duration for each frequency resource to performing the sensing operation.
[0030] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network entity is a base station. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include one of the following: receiving, from a core network entity, an indication or a request to configure a sensing RS frequency pattern; or receiving, from a core network entity, the sensing RS frequency pattern.
[0031] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing configuration comprising the sensing RS frequency pattern is determined in case of inconsistency between supported frequency bands of at least one sensing Tx node and frequency bands of at least one sensing Rx node.
[0032] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network entity is a core network entity. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to a base station, an indication or a request to configure a sensing RS frequency pattern; and receiving, from the base station, the sensing configuration comprising the sensing RS frequency pattern.
[0033] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network entity is a core network entity. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from a base station, assistance information; determining the sensing RS frequency pattern based on the assistance information; and transmitting, to at least one of the UE or the base station, the sensing RS frequency pattern.
[0034] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the assistance information comprises at least one of the following: a radio quality for a frequency resource; a sensing measurement quality for a frequency resource; a channel status for a frequency resource; or a UE density level for a frequency resource.
[0035] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the UE, an acknowledgement for the sensing configuration comprising the sensing RS frequency pattern, wherein a start position of application of the sensing RS frequency pattern is determined based on the acknowledgement.
[0036] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the UE, an activation indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern, wherein the activation indication is carried in a radio resource control (RRC) message, or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) , or a physical layer signaling.
[0037] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the UE, an acknowledgement for the activation indication, wherein a start position of application of the sensing RS frequency pattern is determined based on the acknowledgement.
[0038] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the UE, at least one first condition for application of the sensing RS frequency pattern for the sensing operation, wherein the at least one first condition comprises at least one of the following: a sensing measurement result reaches a threshold, the UE moves into a sensing area, or occurrence of an event associated with a detection result of a sensing object. The event comprises one of the following: the sensing object is detected, the sensing object moves into a sensing area, or a path on which the sensing object is detected is updated.
[0039] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a start position of application of the sensing RS frequency pattern is determined based on a rule associated with a system frame number of a frame number of a slot number, wherein the rule is configured in the sensing configuration or is predefined.
[0040] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the UE, a deactivation indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern; and wherein the deactivation indication is carried in an RRC message, or a MAC CE, or a physical layer signaling.
[0041] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the UE, an update indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern; and wherein the update indication is carried in an RRC message, or a MAC CE, or a physical layer signaling.
[0042] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the UE, a release indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern; and wherein the release indication is carried in an RRC message, or a MAC CE, or a physical layer signaling.
[0043] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing configuration comprises information for determining the sensing RS frequency pattern. The information comprises at least one of the following: a frequency range or bandwidth range for the sensing operation; one or more frequency resources for the sensing operation; a maximum number of frequency hops for each frequency resource; a maximum number of frequency resources for the sensing operation; a corresponding time duration for each frequency resource to performing the sensing operation; or a reporting time window of sensing data or sensing result for each frequency resource.
[0044] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the UE, an indication of the sensing RS frequency pattern; and transmitting, to another sensing node of the sensing operation, an indication of the sensing RS frequency pattern.
[0045] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the UE, a sensing report comprising associated frequency information of the sensing RS frequency pattern.
[0046] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the information further comprises sensing area information associated with the one or more frequency resources.
[0047] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the UE, a sensing report associated with the sensing RS frequency pattern and a fallback indication.
[0048] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the UE, at least one second condition for the UE to fall back to an initial frequency resource for the sensing operation. The at least one second condition comprises at least one of the following: a timer associated with a frequency resource is expired, a sensing measurement result on a frequency resource reaches a threshold, or occurrence of an event associated with a detection result of a sensing object on a frequency resource. The event comprises one of the following: the sensing object is detected or is not detected, the sensing object moves into or out of a sensing area, or a path on which the sensing object is detected is updated.
[0049] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include at least one of the following: receiving, from the UE, an indication that none of the one or more frequency resources is supported by the UE.
[0050] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the UE is a sensing Tx node or a sensing Rx node, wherein the network entity is a sensing function or a base station.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0051] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports frequency pattern-based sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of sensing with co-located sensing receiver and sensing transmitter.
[0053] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of sensing with separated sensing receiver and sensing transmitter.
[0054] FIG. 2 illustrates an example signaling chart of a communication process that supports frequency pattern-based sensing in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 3 illustrates an example diagram of a sensing RS frequency pattern in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0056] FIG. 4A illustrates example diagrams of bi-static sensing based on a sensing RS frequency pattern in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0057] FIG. 4B illustrates example diagrams of multi-static sensing based on a sensing RS frequency pattern in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0058] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a device that supports frequency pattern-based sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0059] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a processor that supports frequency pattern-based sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0060] FIGS. 7 through 8 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support frequency pattern-based sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0061] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0062] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0063] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0064] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0065] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0066] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0067] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 6GR (6G Radio) , 5G NR, long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0068] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a 6G NB, a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto BS, a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0069] As used herein, the term “terminal device” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, a user equipment (UE) , an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture terminal device such as a digital camera, a gaming terminal device, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an internet of things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “terminal device, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” “user equipment” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0070] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0071] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports frequency pattern-based sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 6G network, such as an 6GR network. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0072] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , ) , a 6G NB, or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0073] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0074] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0075] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0076] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0077] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0078] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0079] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0080] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0081] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0082] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0083] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , a 5G core (5GC) , or a 6G core (6GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0084] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0085] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0086] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0087] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0088] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0089] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0090] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0091] Wireless sensing is a feature providing capabilities to get information about characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment (e.g., shape, size, orientation, speed, location, distances or relative motion between objects, etc. ) using 3GPP radio frequency signals, which, in some cases, may be extended by information created via previously specified functionalities in EPC and / or E-UTRAN.
[0092] The operation of the wireless sensing service, also known as sensing operation, relies on processing the transmissions, reflections, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. The wireless sensing, therefore, has the opportunity to enhance the 3GPP system from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network, where it uses 3GPP entities (e.g., UEs or TRPs) to sense objects and the environment in its surroundings.
[0093] Sensing operation may be implemented in a couple of different ways. FIG. 1B illustrates an example of sensing with co-located sensing receiver and sensing transmitter. As shown in FIG. 1B, the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are co-located in the same entity. Such radar like sensing may be called monostatic sensing. FIG. 1C illustrates an example of sensing with separated sensing receiver and sensing transmitter. As shown in FIG. 1C, the sensing receiver and sensing transmitter are located in different entities. Such sensing may be called bistatic sensing. A more advanced scenario with multiple sensing transmitters and receivers is also possible, which may be called multi-static sensing. The reflections of the sensing signal sent from the sensing transmitter are received by the sensing receiver and processed to obtain characteristics of the sensed object and its environment (e.g., location) .
[0094] As shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C, a sensing receiver is an entity that receives the sensing signal which the sensing service will use in its operation. A sensing receiver is part of a RAN node or a UE. A sensing receiver may be located in the same or different entity as the Sensing transmitter. A sensing transmitter is the entity that sends out the sensing signal which the sensing service will use in its operation. A sensing transmitter is part of a RAN node or a UE. A Sensing transmitter may be located in the same or different entity as the Sensing receiver. A sensing group is a set of sensing transmitters and sensing receivers whose location is known and whose sensing data may be collected synchronously. 3GPP sensing data is data derived from 3GPP radio signals impacted (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted) by an object or environment of interest for sensing purposes, and optionally processed within the 3GPP system. A target sensing service area is a cartesian location area that needs to be sensed by deriving characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment with certain sensing service quality from the impacted (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted) 3GPP radio signals. This includes both indoor and outdoor environments.
[0095] Sensing assistance information is information that is provided to the 3GPP system from a trusted third-party and may be used to support the derivation of a sensing result. This information does not contain 3GPP sensing data. Sensing contextual information is information that is exposed with the sensing results by 3GPP system to a trusted third-party which provides context to the conditions under which the sensing results were derived. This information does not contain 3GPP sensing data.
[0096] Sensing results are processed 3GPP sensing data requested by a service consumer. Sensing signals are transmissions on the 3GPP radio interface that may be used for sensing purposes. It should be understood that the sensing signals refer to 3GPP radio frequency signals which, in some cases, may be extended by information created via previously specified functionalities in EPC and / or E-UTRAN.
[0097] Non-3GPP based sensing is when information from non-3GPP sensors is used to determine characteristics of objects and their environment. These non-3GPP sensors may include radar camera or Wi-Fi sensing. Non-3GPP sensing data from these non-3GPP sensors, if available, may be used in wireless sensing to achieve improved sensing result, or in any other way to enhance the sensing service.
[0098] The wireless sensing service may be consumed by either the 3GPP system or trusted third-party. In some implementations, the wireless sensing service may work independently of positioning service.
[0099] Some factors may affect the performance that the wireless sensing service may achieve, e.g., operating frequencies, the used bandwidth, and the propagation environment. Environments with many objects that may block radio signals, leading to interruption of the Line of Sight (LOS) path and reflections / scattering may increase the number of interfering signal paths, as well as clutter and thus make it harder to reach higher resolutions.
[0100] Sensing operations (such as authorization) and parameters (such as sensing area, sensing operation period and sensing operation time window etc. ) may be configured and adjusted for efficient use of all kinds of resources, such as energy and radio spectrum, etc.
[0101] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) facilitates new applications and services that require sensing capabilities. The service includes offering wide area multi-dimensional sensing that provides spatial information about unconnected objects as well as connected devices and their movements and surroundings. The 6G network is expected to meet the various service requirements for wireless sensing service, which provides capabilities for sensing one or more objects in the environments, monitoring environmental conditions and human motion and gestures to enable more diversified applications. There may be various uses cases for 6G sensing, which may be categorized as Object detection / tracking, Motion monitoring, Environment monitoring. Those use cases target to different sensing requirements with different levels of KPIs.
[0102] Collaborative sensing / cooperative sensing involving e.g., multiple sensing nodes, multiple sensing modes, multiple sensing modals and multiple sensing frequencies are investigated to satisfy the sensing requirements for different sensing use cases, which aims to overcome fundamental limitations like restricted coverage, computational bottlenecks, and susceptibility to interference or occlusion of single node / mode / frequency, and provide higher sensing accuracy.
[0103] In some scenarios, the supported frequency bands may be inconsistent between sensing Tx and Rx nodes. For example, the sensing Tx bandwidth may be larger than the sensing Rx bandwidth, or vice versa. Generally, the sensing operation needs to be configured on the common supported frequency part of sensing Tx node and sensing Rx node, resulting in low spectrum efficiency. Thus, further enhancements on sensing are needed.
[0104] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for frequency pattern-based sensing. In an aspect of the solution, a sensing node (e.g., a sensing UE or a sensing TRP) obtains a sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies, and determines a sensing RS frequency pattern based on the sensing configuration. The sensing node may perform a sensing operation based on the sensing RS frequency pattern. In this way, the frequency pattern-based sensing may be enabled, supporting the multiple-frequencies sensing, thus, improving spectrum efficiency and fully utilizing the advantages of different frequency bands to satisfy different sensing requirements. It is to be understood that the terms used herein are terminologies in 5G NR systems, and may be interchangeably used with other terminologies (but with same or similar functions) that might be used in future wireless communication system such as 6G.
[0105] Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which illustrates an example signaling chart of a communication process 200 that supports frequency pattern-based sensing in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 200 may involve a sensing node 210 and a network entity 220. The process 200 may be applied in various sensing scenarios, such as bistatic sensing or multi-static sensing. The sensing node 210 may act as a sensing Rx node or a sensing Tx node. For example, the sensing node may refer to UE (s) or TRP (s) in a wireless network to perform sensing RS transmission / reception. As used herein, the sensing node may also be referred as a sensing entity. The network entity 220 may be implemented as a base station or a sensing function (SF) . In some implementations, the network entity 220 may be implemented as a base station, which may act as a sensing node. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that process 200 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0106] In the process 200, the network entity 220 determines (202) a sensing configuration 206 associated with sensing frequencies for a sensing operation. The network entity 220 transmits (204) the sensing configuration 206 associated with sensing frequencies to the sensing node 210. The sensing node 210 receives (208) the sensing configuration 206 associated with sensing frequencies from the network entity 220, and determines (212) a sensing reference signal (RS) frequency pattern based on the sensing configuration 206. The sensing node 210 performs (214) a sensing operation based on the sensing RS frequency pattern.
[0107] FIG. 3 illustrates an example diagram of a sensing RS frequency pattern in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the frequency pattern of the sensing RS is: frequency f1 (or bandwidth #1) at time T1, frequency f2 (or bandwidth #2) at time T2, and frequency f3 (or bandwidth #3) at time T3. The sensing Tx node (s) may transmit the sensing RS using its supported bandwidth following the sensing RS frequency pattern. The sensing Rx node (s) may receive the sensing RS using its supported bandwidth following the sensing RS frequency pattern.
[0108] FIG. 4A illustrates example diagrams of bi-static sensing based on a sensing RS frequency pattern in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 4A, for the same sensing Tx / Rx pair, i.e., one sensing Tx node and one sensing Rx node, the supported frequency bandwidths between the sensing Tx and Rx node are inconsistent, e.g., the supported bandwidth for Tx sensing node is larger than Rx sensing node (as shown in the left portion of FIG. 4A) , or smaller than Rx sensing node (as shown in the right portion of FIG. 4A) .
[0109] In the left portion of FIG. 4A, the sensing Tx node supports a wide band while the sensing Rx node supports a narrow band. The sensing Tx node may transmit the sensing RS following the sensing RS frequency pattern. The sensing Rx node may perform frequency hopping using its supported bandwidth based on the sensing RS frequency pattern for sensing RS reception, e.g., in frequency f1 (or bandwidth #1) at time T1, in frequency f2 (or bandwidth #2) at time T2, and in frequency f3 (or bandwidth #3) at time T3. In the right portion of FIG. 4A, the sensing Tx node supports a narrow band while the sensing Rx node supports a wide band. The sensing Tx node may perform frequency hopping using its supported bandwidth based on the sensing RS frequency pattern for sensing RS transmission, e.g., in frequency f1 (or bandwidth #1) at time T1, in frequency f2 (or bandwidth #2) at time T2, and in frequency f3 (or bandwidth #3) at time T3. The sensing Rx node may receive the sensing RS following the sensing RS frequency pattern.
[0110] FIG. 4B illustrates example diagrams of multi-static sensing based on a sensing RS frequency pattern in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 4B, for multi-nodes sensing which have multiple sensing Tx / Rx pairs, i.e., multiple sensing Tx nodes and / or multiple sensing Rx nodes, the supported frequency bands among each sensing nodes may be different. For example, the sensing Tx node supports a wide band while the sensing Rx nodes support narrow bands, e.g., the Tx sensing node may support multiple frequencies (e.g., f1 / f2 / f3) , while the supported frequencies for each Rx sensing node are the subset of Tx sensing frequencies, e.g., only support one or subset of f1 / f2 / f3, as shown in the left portion of FIG. 4B. In another example, the sensing Tx nodes support narrow bands while the sensing Rx node supports a wide band, e.g., the Rx sensing node may support multiple frequencies (e.g., f1 / f2 / f3) , while the supported frequencies for each Tx sensing node are the subset of Tx sensing frequencies, e.g., only support one or subset of f1 / f2 / f3, as shown in the right portion of FIG. 4B.
[0111] In some examples, the sensing RS frequency pattern for sensing RS transmission varies in time, e.g., in frequency f1 (or bandwidth #1) at time T1, in frequency f2 (or bandwidth #2) at time T2, and in frequency f3 (or bandwidth #3) at time T3. In the left portion of FIG. 4B, the sensing Tx node may transmit the sensing RS following the sensing RS frequency pattern. Each sensing Rx node may receive the sensing RS using its supported bandwidth following the sensing RS frequency pattern. For example, the sensing Rx node Rx1 may perform sensing RS reception in frequency f1 (or bandwidth #1) at time T1; the sensing Rx node Rx2 may perform sensing RS reception in frequency f2 (or bandwidth #2) at time T2; and the sensing Rx node Rx3 may perform sensing RS reception in frequency f3 (or bandwidth #3) at time T3. In the right portion of FIG. 4B, each sensing Tx node may transmit the sensing RS using its supported bandwidth following the sensing RS frequency pattern. For example, the sensing Tx node Tx1 may perform sensing RS transmission in frequency f1 (or bandwidth #1) at time T1; the sensing Tx node Tx2 may perform sensing RS transmission in frequency f2 (or bandwidth #2) at time T2; and the sensing Tx node Tx3 may perform sensing RS transmission in frequency f3 (or bandwidth #3) at time T3. The sensing Rx node may perform RS reception following the sensing RS frequency pattern. Alternatively, for multi-nodes sensing which have multiple sensing Tx / Rx pairs, each sensing node (either Rx node or Tx node) supporting narrow band may perform frequency hopping using its supported bandwidth based on the sensing RS frequency pattern for sensing RS reception / transmission.
[0112] In some alternative examples, the sensing RS frequency pattern for sensing RS transmission may include multiple frequencies / bandwidth without time variation, e.g., frequency f1 (or bandwidth #1) , frequency f2 (or bandwidth #2) , and frequency f3 (or bandwidth #3) . In the left portion of FIG. 4B, the sensing Tx node may transmit the sensing RS following the sensing RS frequency pattern. Each sensing Rx node may receive the sensing RS using its supported bandwidth following the sensing RS frequency pattern. For example, the sensing Tx node may perform RS transmission in f1, f2 and f3; the sensing Rx node Rx1 may perform sensing RS reception in f1; the sensing Rx node Rx2 may perform sensing RS reception in f2; and the sensing Rx node Rx3 may perform sensing RS reception in f3. In the right portion of FIG. 4B, the sensing Rx node may perform RS reception following the sensing RS frequency pattern, and each sensing Tx node may transmit the sensing RS using its supported bandwidth following the sensing RS frequency pattern. For example, the sensing Tx node Tx1 may perform sensing RS transmission in f1; the sensing Tx node Tx2 may perform sensing RS transmission in f2; the sensing Tx node Tx3 may perform sensing RS transmission in f3; and the sensing Rx node may perform RS reception in f1, f2 and f3.
[0113] It should be understood that the sensing RS frequency pattern shown in FIG. 3 and the frequency pattern-based sensing shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B are merely for illustration, other sensing RS frequency patterns and sensing operations based on RS frequency patterns are also possible.
[0114] In some embodiments, the sensing configuration 206 may include the sensing RS frequency pattern. In other words, the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern may be configured / controlled by the network via the sensing configuration (e.g., the sensing RS configuration) . In some examples, the sensing RS frequency pattern may include at least one of the following: a number of frequency hops; hopping information, including at least one of a frequency hop identity (ID) or a repetition number; at least one frequency resource for frequency hopping, each being indicated by one of a frequency ID, a bandwidth ID, or a carrier ID; a hopping bandwidth; or a corresponding time duration for each frequency resource to perform the sensing operation. For example, the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern to specific sensing node may include at least one but not limited to: the number of hops, hopping information (e.g., hopping ID, repetition number, etc. ) , frequency resource of hopping (e.g., absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) / bandwidth part (BWP) ID / carrier ID etc. ) , hopping bandwidth, corresponding time duration for each frequency hop (or each frequency / bandwidth / carrier) to perform sensing operation.
[0115] In some example embodiments, the network entity 220 may be a base station. The base station may transmit the sensing RS frequency pattern to the sensing node 210. In some examples, the base station may receive the sensing RS frequency pattern from a core network entity, and transmit the sensing configuration 206 including the sensing RS frequency pattern to the sensing node 210. In some alternative examples, the base station may receive an indication or a request to configure a sensing RS frequency pattern from a core network entity, and determine the sensing configuration 206 including the sensing RS frequency pattern. In some alternative examples, the base station may determine the sensing configuration 206 including the sensing RS frequency pattern in case of inconsistency between supported frequency bands of at least one sensing Tx node and frequency bands of at least one sensing Rx node. For example, the BS may determine the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern for sensing nodes with explicit request or unsolicited. SF may transmit an indication to BS to request BS to configure sensing configuration with Tx / Rx frequency pattern. Alternatively, BS may determine the sensing configuration with Tx / Rx frequency pattern when BS knows that the supported frequency bands between sensing Tx and Rx nodes are inconsistent. BS may indicate the determined sensing Tx or Rx frequency pattern to the sensing node directly.
[0116] In some example embodiments, the network entity 220 is a core network entity. The core network entity may transmit the sensing RS frequency pattern to the sensing node 210.
[0117] In some examples, the core network entity may transmit, to a base station, an indication or a request to configure a sensing RS frequency pattern; and receive the sensing RS frequency pattern from the base station. For example, SF may transmit an indication to BS to request BS to configure sensing configuration with Tx / Rx frequency pattern. The BS may determine the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern for sensing nodes and transmit the determined sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern to SF. SF then transmits the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern to sensing nodes with the sensing configuration.
[0118] In some alternative examples, the core network entity may determine the sensing RS frequency pattern and transmit the sensing RS frequency pattern to the sensing node 210 in the sensing configuration 206. For example, the core network entity may receive assistance information from a base station, and determine the sensing RS frequency pattern based on the assistance information. The assistance information may include at least one of the following: a radio quality for a frequency resource; a sensing measurement quality for a frequency resource; a channel status for a frequency resource; or a UE density level for a frequency resource. The core network entity may transmit the determined sensing RS frequency pattern to the sensing node 210. Alternatively or additionally, the core network entity may transmit the determined sensing RS frequency pattern to the base station. For example, SF may determine the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern based on the sensing configuration and assistance information from BS. The assistance information may include at least one of the following: the radio / sensing measurement quality for a specific frequency / bandwidth (or BWP) , the channel status for a specific frequency / bandwidth (or BWP) , or a UE density for a specific frequency / bandwidth (or BWP) . SF may transmit the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern to sensing nodes with the sensing configuration, and may also indicate it to BS.
[0119] In some example embodiments, the sensing node 210 may perform the sensing operation using the sensing RS frequency pattern based on receiving the sensing configuration 206 including the sensing RS frequency pattern. In other words, the sensing node may receive the Tx / Rx frequency pattern and apply the Tx / Rx frequency pattern once receiving the Tx / Rx frequency pattern. In some examples, the sensing node 210 may transmit, to the network entity 220, an acknowledgement for the sensing configuration 206 including the sensing RS frequency pattern. A start position of application of the sensing RS frequency pattern may be determined based on the acknowledgement for the sensing configuration 206. In other words, the start position of applying the Tx / Rx frequency pattern may be defined as the upon ACK transmission in response to the received frequency pattern configuration.
[0120] In some alternative example embodiments, the sensing node 210 may further receive an activation indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern from the network entity 220, and perform the sensing operation using the sensing RS frequency pattern based on receiving the activation indication. The activation indication is carried in a radio resource control (RRC) message, or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) , or a physical layer signaling. In other words, the sensing node may apply the Tx / Rx frequency pattern once the Tx / Rx frequency pattern is activated by the network based on an explicit signaling. In some examples, the sensing node 210 may transmit, to the network entity 220, an acknowledgement for the activation indication. A start position of application of the sensing RS frequency pattern may be determined based on the acknowledgement for the activation indication. In other words, the start position of applying the Tx / Rx frequency pattern may be defined as the upon ACK transmission in response to the received pattern activation signalling.
[0121] In some alternative example embodiments, the sensing node 210 may determine whether at least one first condition is fulfilled. The sensing node 210 may perform the sensing operation using the sensing RS frequency pattern if the at least one first condition is fulfilled. The at least one first condition may be configured by the network entity 220 or is predefined. The at least one first condition may include at least one of the following: a sensing measurement result reaching a threshold, the sensing node 210 moving into a sensing area, or occurrence of an event associated with a detection result of a sensing object. The event may include one of the following: the sensing object being detected, the sensing object moving into a sensing area, or a path on which the sensing object is detected being updated. For example, the sensing node may apply the Tx / Rx frequency pattern based on NW configured activation conditions on e.g., sensing measurement results, sensing area information, or detection results of sensing objects, etc.
[0122] In some examples, a start position of application of the sensing RS frequency pattern may be determined based on a rule associated with a system frame number of a frame number of a slot number. The rule is configured in the sensing configuration 206 or is predefined. For example, the start position of applying the Tx / Rx frequency pattern may be calculated based on SFN / frame number / slot number in time domain, which is configured with the pattern or pre-defined in sensing node. Based on the explicit start position indication (e.g., the ACK transmission in response to the received frequency pattern configuration or received pattern activation signalling) or the derivation formula / method, the Tx / Rx frequency pattern may be aligned between sensing Tx node and Rx node.
[0123] In some example embodiments, the sensing node 210 may deactivate the sensing RS frequency pattern for the sensing operation if the at least one first condition is not fulfilled. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing node 210 may receive a deactivation indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern from the network entity 220, and deactivate the sensing RS frequency pattern for the sensing operation based on receiving the deactivation indication. The deactivation indication may be carried in an RRC message, or a MAC CE, or a physical layer signaling. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing node 210 may receive an update indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern from the network entity 220, and update the sensing RS frequency pattern for the sensing operation based on receiving the update indication. The update indication may be carried in an RRC message, or a MAC CE, or a physical layer signaling. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing node 210 may receive a release indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern, and release the sensing RS frequency pattern based on receiving the release indication. The release indication may be carried in an RRC message, or a MAC CE, or a physical layer signaling. For example, the network may further deactivate / update the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern or release the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern configuration via explicit signaling. Alternatively, the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern may be deactivated / released when the sensing procedure is aborted / terminated or the sensing node is deactivated / deleted. Once the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern is deactivated or released, the sensing node may perform sensing on its initial frequency / bandwidth (or BWP) , i.e., narrow band.
[0124] In some embodiments, the sensing configuration 206 may include information for determining the sensing RS frequency pattern. The sensing node 210 may determine the sensing RS frequency pattern based on the information in the sensing configuration 206. The information in the sensing configuration 206 may include at least one of the following: a frequency range or bandwidth range for the sensing operation; one or more frequency resources for the sensing operation; a maximum number of frequency hops for each frequency resource; a maximum number of frequency resources for the sensing operation; a corresponding time duration for each frequency resource to perform the sensing operation; or a reporting time window of sensing data or sensing result for each frequency resource. For example, the sensing node may determine the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern based on the principles from the network. The network may (pre-) configure specific principles to sensing nodes based on the supported frequencies of sensing nodes. The sensing node may be allowed to determine the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern autonomously based on at least one of following limitations: the Tx / Rx frequency / bandwidth range for the sensing node to perform frequency hopping, a maximum number of hops within the sensing configuration for each frequency, a maximum number of frequencies for sensing node to perform sensing at the same time, the time duration for specific frequency / bandwidth to perform sensing, or the reporting time window of sensing data / result for each frequency / bandwidth.
[0125] In some example embodiments, the sensing node 210 may transmit an indication of the sensing RS frequency pattern to the network entity 220. The network entity 220 may receive the indication of the sensing RS frequency pattern from the sensing node 210, and transmit an indication of the sensing RS frequency pattern to another sensing node of the sensing operation. For example, if the sensing node determines frequency / frequency pattern information autonomously, the sensing node may indicate the determined frequency pattern information on sensing Tx or Rx to the BS or SF, then BS or SF indicate the frequency pattern on the sensing peer side. In some example embodiments, the sensing node 210 may transmit, to the network entity 220, a sensing report including associated frequency information of the sensing RS frequency pattern. For example, if the sensing node determines frequency / frequency pattern information autonomously, the sensing node may include the associated frequency / frequency pattern information in sensing data / result reporting. BS / SF may indicate sensing node to increase or decrease the sensing bandwidth / density based on the sensing data and UE sensing capability.
[0126] In some example embodiments, one of the one or more frequency resources may be selected for the sensing operation. For example, if the wide band for sensing RS Tx (or RS Rx) and one or multiple bandwidths or frequencies for sensing RS Rx (or RS Tx) within the wide band is indicated, the sensing node supporting one or multiple indicated frequencies may randomly select one of the indicated bandwidths / frequencies to perform sensing.
[0127] In some example embodiments, at least one frequency resource, among the one or more frequency resources, supported by the sensing node 210 may be used for the sensing operation. For example, if the wide band for sensing RS Tx (or RS Rx) and one or multiple bandwidths or frequencies for sensing RS Rx (or RS Tx) within the wide band is indicated, the sensing node supporting one or multiple indicated frequencies may perform sensing in all indicated bandwidths / frequencies which are supported by the sensing nodes.
[0128] In some example embodiments, the information in the sensing configuration 206 may further include sensing area information associated with the one or more frequency resources. If the sensing node 210 is within a sensing area, and at least one frequency resource, among the one or more frequency resources, is associated with the sensing area and is supported by the sensing node 210, one of the at least one frequency resource may be selected for the sensing operation. For example, if the wide band for sensing RS Tx (or RS Rx) , one or multiple bandwidths or frequencies for sensing RS Rx (or RS Tx) within the wide band and associated sensing area is indicated, the sensing node within the sensing area may perform sensing on any one of the indicated bandwidths / frequencies associated to the sensing area, if supported.
[0129] In some example embodiments, the information in the sensing configuration 206 may further include sensing area information associated with the one or more frequency resources. If the sensing node 210 is within a sensing area, and at least one frequency resource, among the one or more frequency resources, is associated with the sensing area and is supported by the sensing node 210, the at least one frequency resource may be used for the sensing operation. For example, if the wide band for sensing RS Tx (or RS Rx) , one or multiple bandwidths or frequencies for sensing RS Rx (or RS Tx) within the wide band and associated sensing area is indicated, the sensing node within the sensing area may perform sensing on all indicated bandwidths / frequencies associated to the sensing area, if supported.
[0130] In some example embodiments, the sensing node 210 may determine whether at least one second condition is fulfilled, and may fall back to an initial frequency resource for the sensing operation if the at least one second condition is fulfilled. The at least one second condition may be configured by the network entity 220 or may be predefined. The at least one second condition may include at least one of the following: a timer associated with a frequency resource being expired, a sensing measurement result on a frequency resource reaching a threshold, or occurrence of an event associated with a detection result of a sensing object on a frequency resource. The event may include one of the following: the sensing object being detected / or being not detected, the sensing object moving into / out of a sensing area, or a path on which the sensing object is detected being updated. For example, the sensing node is expected to fall back or switch to initial frequency / bandwidth when at least one of defined fallback condition is satisfied: a timer associated to current frequency / bandwidth expires; a sensing measurement result on current frequency / bandwidth satisfies a specific threshold; or defined events related to sensing object on current frequency / bandwidth is detected. In some examples, the sensing node 210 may transmit, to the network entity 220, a sensing report associated with the sensing RS frequency pattern and a fallback indication. For example, in the case that any one of above fallback conditions is satisfied, the sensing node may report the sensing data / results on current frequency / bandwidth to the network, with the leaving indication.
[0131] In some example embodiments, if none of the one or more frequency resources is supported by the sensing node 210, the sensing node 210 may deactivate the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, if none of the one or more frequency resources is supported by the sensing node 210, the sensing node 210 may transmit, to the network entity 220, an indication that none of the one or more frequency resources is supported by the sensing node 210. For example, in the case that all indicated frequencies / bandwidths are not supported by a specific sensing node, the sensing node may deactivate the sensing operation, and re-activate the sensing measurement until the supported sensing frequencies is indicated / requested by the network. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing node informs to the network, and the network may determine to deactivate / stop the sensing operation for the node or provide new sensing configuration.
[0132] Hereinbefore, some embodiments of the frequency pattern-based sensing are described in general terms. Hereinafter, some implementations of the frequency pattern-based sensing will be further detailed.
[0133] In a first embodiment, the network may configure the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern to the sensing node with sensing configuration explicitly. The network side which includes BS or SF may determine the frequency pattern for sensing RS transmission and reception sides based on the supported frequency band of sensing Tx node (s) and sensing Rx node (s) . The supported frequency bands information may be interacted during the capability reporting and / or sensing node selection procedure. In the case that the supported frequencies bands are inconsistent between sensing Tx node and sensing Rx node, the network may determine in which frequency / bandwidth to transmit or receive the sensing RS for the sensing nodes. In some examples, the supported frequency bands for sensing Tx node is larger than the sensing Rx node, then in some cases, the sensing RS may be configured only on the common supported frequency part of sensing Tx node and Rx node; in some other cases, the sensing RS may be transmitted in the wide band from sensing Tx node, while the sensing Rx node with narrow band may perform frequency hopping for the sensing RS reception to achieve higher bandwidth gain, and make better uses of spectrum resource to improve the sensing performance.
[0134] In some examples, the network may configure the frequency pattern for sensing Tx / Rx nodes on the sensing RS transmission and reception. The sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern to a specific sensing node includes at least one but not limited to: the number of hops, hopping information (e.g., hopping ID, repetition number etc. ) , frequency resource of hopping (e.g., ARFCN / BWP ID / carrier ID etc. ) , hopping bandwidth, corresponding time duration for each frequency hop (or each frequency / bandwidth / carrier) to perform sensing operation.
[0135] In the case that it is BS to determine the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern for sensing nodes, the BS may determine the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern with an explicit request or unsolicited. For the explicit request way, the SF may transmit an indication to BS to request BS to configure one of following: (1) sensing configuration with a Tx / Rx frequency pattern; or (2) sensing RS is only configured on the common supported frequency bandwidth part, i.e., narrow band. For the unsolicited way, the BS may determine the sensing configuration with Tx / Rx frequency pattern in the case that BS has the knowledge that the supported frequency bands between sensing Tx and Rx nodes are inconsistent.
[0136] If the sensing configuration is provided from the SF to sensing nodes, BS may transmit the determined sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern to SF, SF then transmits the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern to sensing nodes with the sensing configuration. Alternatively, BS may indicate the determined sensing Tx or Rx frequency pattern to the sensing node directly.
[0137] In the case that it is SF to determine the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern, the SF may determine the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern based on the sensing configuration from BS. SF may request the BS to provide the assistance information for the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern determination, which include at least one but not limited to: the radio / sensing measurement quality for specific frequency / bandwidth; the channel status for specific frequency / bandwidth; or UE density for specific frequency / bandwidth.
[0138] If the sensing configuration is provided from SF to the sensing nodes, SF transmits the determined sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern to sensing nodes with the sensing configuration, and also indicate the determined sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern to the BS. Alternatively, SF may indicate the determined sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern to the BS, and BS indicate it to the sensing nodes.
[0139] In some examples, the sensing nodes may receive the configured Tx / Rx frequency pattern and apply the configuration once receive it. In some alternative examples, the sensing nodes may receive the configured sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern and apply it only activated by the network explicitly. The network may determine to activate the sensing Tx / Rx frequency hopping by transmitting the activation signalling explicitly. Once receiving the activation signalling, the sensing node performs frequency hopping on sensing RS. Alternatively, the network may configure specific activation conditions for sensing node to activate the sensing Tx / Rx frequency hopping. Once the activation condition is satisfied, the sensing node performs frequency hopping on sensing RS. An example of the activation conditions may be associated with sensing measurement results, e.g., measurement results on current frequency / bandwidth satisfy a configured threshold. The measurement results may include at least one but not limited to RSRP / RSRQ / TOA / TDOA / AOA / ZOA / Rx-Tx timing difference / Doppler value / velocity, etc. Another example of the activation conditions may be associated with sensing area information, e.g., sensing node moves into specific sensing area or sensing zone. Another example of the activation conditions may be associated with detection results of sensing object, e.g., the defined event related to sensing objects is detected, which may include that the target sensing object is detected, or the target sensing object moves into specific sensing area, or the detected path on the target object is updated, etc. Before receiving the activation signalling from the network, the sensing node may perform sensing on initial narrow band.
[0140] To align the Tx / Rx pattern between sensing Tx node and Rx node, the configuration or activation signalling from the SF or BS may further include an explicit start position indication or a derivation formula / method. For example, the start position may be defined as the upon ACK transmission in response to the received frequency pattern configuration or received pattern activation signalling. Alternatively, the start position of the pattern may be calculated based on SFN / frame number / slot number in time domain, which is configured with the pattern or pre-defined in sensing node. If the activation is based on the activation conditions, the sensing nodes may indicate the activation to the BS, which may include the start position of the pattern, e.g., upon transmission the indication successfully, or based on derivation formula.
[0141] In some examples, the network may determine to deactivate sensing Tx / Rx frequency hopping by transmitting the deactivation signalling explicitly. Alternatively, the sensing nodes may determine to deactivate the Tx / Rx frequency hopping on sensing RS when above activation conditions are not satisfied. Once the sensing Tx / Rx frequency hopping is deactivated, the sensing node may perform sensing on initial narrow band.
[0142] In some examples, the network may further update the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern or release the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern configuration via explicit signalling. The frequency pattern may also be deactivated / released with the sensing procedure is aborted / terminated or sensing node is deactivated / deleted.
[0143] These signalling on the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern activation / deactivation, update or release may be transmitted from the network (SF or BS) to sensing node which carried by RRC signaling, MAC CE, or physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI / SCI, etc. )
[0144] In a second embodiments, the sensing nodes may determine the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern autonomously based on the principles pre-configured by the network. Instead of providing the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern explicitly with sensing configuration to each sensing node, the network may pre-configure specific principles for the sensing node to determine the Tx / Rx frequency pattern autonomously. In this way, the flexibility for the sensing node to perform frequency hopping on sensing RS may be improved, thus achieving better sensing performances.
[0145] In some examples, the network may pre-configure specific principles to the sensing nodes based on supported frequency bands for both sensing Tx nodes and sensing Rx nodes. The (pre-) configuration may be carried by system information or any other broadcast signalling supported in 6G radio interface, which may include at least one but not limited to following aspects.
[0146] In the case that the wide band is supported by sensing Tx node, the network may indicate that the frequencies / bandwidths for the sensing RS transmission, e.g., sensing RS is transmitted in the supported wide band. Additionally, the network may further indicate the frequency information for sensing RS reception, e.g., narrow band. In some examples, the indicated frequency information may include one or multiple bandwidths / frequencies to perform sensing RS reception, for the sensing Rx node to support one or multiple indicated bandwidths / frequencies. The sensing node may perform sensing RS reception / measurement on any one of the indicated bandwidths / frequencies. Alternatively, the sensing node may perform sensing RS reception / measurement in all indicated bandwidths / frequencies which are supported by the sensing node. In some alternative examples, the indicated frequency information may include one or multiple bandwidths / frequencies and associated location information, e.g., sensing area / sensing zone, etc. for the sensing Rx node within specific sensing area. The sensing node may perform sensing RS reception / measurement on any one of the indicated bandwidths / frequencies associated to the sensing area, if supported. Alternatively, the sensing node may perform sensing RS reception / measurement on all indicated bandwidths / frequencies associated to the sensing area, if supported.
[0147] In the case that the wide band is supported by sensing Rx node, the network may indicate the frequencies / bandwidths for the sensing RS reception / measurement, e.g., sensing RS is received and measured in the supported wide band. Additionally, the network may further indicate the frequency information for sensing RS transmission, e.g., narrow band. In some examples, the indicated frequency information may include one or multiple bandwidths / frequencies to perform sensing RS transmission, for the sensing Tx node to support one or multiple indicated bandwidths / frequencies. The sensing node may perform sensing RS transmission on any one of the indicated bandwidths / frequencies. Alternatively, the sensing node may perform sensing RS transmission in all indicated bandwidths / frequencies which supported by the sensing node. In some alternative examples, the indicated frequency information may include one or multiple bandwidths / frequencies and associated location information, e.g., sensing area / sensing zone, etc. for the sensing Tx node within specific sensing area. The sensing node may perform sensing RS transmission on any one of the indicated bandwidths / frequencies associated to the sensing area, if supported. Alternatively, the sensing node may perform sensing RS transmission on all indicated bandwidths / frequencies associated to the sensing area, if supported.
[0148] In some examples, the network may further indicate following principles to the sensing nodes, and the sensing node may determine the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern autonomously based on at least one of following principles. The indicated principles may include at least one of the following: the frequency / bandwidth range for the sensing node to perform frequency hopping on sensing RS transmission / reception, which may be based on the wide band that sensing Tx or Rx is supported; a maximum number of hops within the sensing configuration for each frequency; a maximum number of frequencies for sensing node to perform sensing at the same time; the time duration for specific frequency / bandwidths to perform sensing; or the sensing data / reporting time window for each frequency / bandwidth. The network may further indicate sensing nodes on specific frequencies / bandwidth to report the sensing data or sensing results.
[0149] In some examples, since the sensing Tx / Rx frequency pattern is performed by the sensing nodes autonomously, the network may further pre-configure the fallback conditions on the sensing node to fall back to initial frequency / bandwidth. The sensing node is expected to fall back to initial frequency / bandwidth when at least one of defined fallback condition is satisfied.
[0150] An example fallback condition may be based on a timer. A timer may be pre-configured for each frequency / bandwidth. The timer is started when the sensing node starts to perform the sensing operation on the frequency / bandwidth, and stopped when the sensing node stops to perform the sensing operation on the frequency / bandwidth. In the case that the associated timer of current frequency / bandwidth expires, the sensing node is expected to fall back to the initial frequency / bandwidth.
[0151] Another example fallback condition may be based on a sensing measurement result. A threshold for sensing measurement value may be pre-configured for each frequency / bandwidth. In the case that a measurement value on current frequency / bandwidth satisfies the specific threshold, the sensing node is expected to fall back to the initial frequency / bandwidth. The measurement value may include: RSRP / RSRQ / TOA / TDOA / AOA / ZOA / Rx-Tx timing difference / Doppler value / velocity
[0152] Another example fallback condition may be based on defined events related to sensing object. One or multiple events related to sensing objects are pre-configured for each frequency / bandwidth. In the case that the defined events are detected on current frequency / bandwidth, the sensing node is expected to fall back to the initial frequency / bandwidth. The events related to sensing object may include that the target sensing object is detected or is not detected, or that the target sensing object is moving into / out of a specific sensing area, or that the detected paths on the target object is updated, etc. It should be understood that the events for the fallback condition may be different from the events for the activation condition. For example, the defined sensing object for the events for the fallback condition may be different from the defined sensing object for the events for the activation condition. In another example, the defined sensing area for the events for the fallback condition may be different from the defined sensing area for the events for the activation condition. In another example, the defined path for the events for the fallback condition may be different from the defined path for the events for the activation condition. In some examples, the events for the fallback condition may be negation or complement of the events for the activation condition. For example, an event for the activation condition may be that the target sensing object is detected, and an event for the fallback condition may be that the target sensing object is not detected. In another example, an event for the activation condition may be that the target sensing object is moving into a specific sensing area, and an event for the fallback condition may be that the target sensing object is moving out of a specific sensing area.
[0153] For all above fallback conditions, in the case that the fallback condition is satisfied, the sensing node may report the sensing data / results on current frequency / bandwidth to the network with the leaving indication.
[0154] In some examples, if the sensing node determines frequency / frequency pattern information autonomously, the sensing node may indicate the determined frequency pattern information on sensing Tx or Rx to the BS or SF, then BS or SF may indicate the frequency pattern on the sensing peer side. Alternatively, the sensing node may include the associated frequency / frequency pattern information in sensing data / result reporting. BS / SF may indicate sensing node to increase or decrease the sensing bandwidth / density based on sensing data and UE sensing capability.
[0155] In some examples, in the case that all indicated frequencies / bandwidths are not supported by a specific sensing node, the sensing node may deactivate the sensing operation, and re-activate the sensing measurement until the supported sensing frequencies is indicated / requested by the network. Alternatively, in the case that all indicated frequencies / bandwidths are not supported by a specific sensing node, the sensing node may inform to the network, and the network may determine to deactivate / stop the sensing operation for the node, or provide new sensing configuration.
[0156] With some embodiments of the present disclosure, solutions to support multiple frequencies sensing are designed, which make better use of the supported frequencies for each sensing nodes and enhance sensing performances, thus achieving higher spectrum efficiency and fully utilizing the advantages of different frequency bands to satisfy different sensing requirements.
[0157] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a device 500 that supports frequency pattern-based sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 500 may be an example of a network entity 220 or a sensing node 210 as described herein. The device 500 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 220, sensing nodes 210, or any combination thereof. The device 500 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 502, a memory 504, a transceiver 506, and, optionally, an I / O controller 508. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0158] The processor 502, the memory 504, the transceiver 506, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 502, the memory 504, the transceiver 506, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0159] In some implementations, the processor 502, the memory 504, the transceiver 506, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 502 and the memory 504 coupled with the processor 502 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 502, instructions stored in the memory 504) .
[0160] For example, the processor 502 may support wireless communication at the device 500 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 502 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a network entity, a sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies; a means for determining a sensing RS frequency pattern based on the sensing configuration; and a means for performing a sensing operation based on the sensing RS frequency pattern.
[0161] In another example, the processor 502 may support wireless communication at the device 500 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 502 may be configured to operable to support a means for determining a sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies for a sensing operation; and a means for transmitting, to a sensing node, the sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies.
[0162] The processor 502 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 502 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 502. The processor 502 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 504) to cause the device 500 to perform various functions of the present disclosure such that the device 500 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
[0163] The memory 504 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 502 cause the device 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 502 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 504 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0164] The I / O controller 508 may manage input and output signals for the device 500. The I / O controller 508 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 508 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 508 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 508 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 506. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 500 via the I / O controller 508 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 508.
[0165] In some implementations, the device 500 may include a single antenna 510. However, in some other implementations, the device 500 may have more than one antenna 510 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 506 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 510, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 506 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 506 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 510 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 510. The transceiver 506 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0166] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 510 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0167] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 510 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0168] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a processor 600 that supports frequency pattern-based sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 600 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 600 may be implemented in a device or its components as described herein. For example, the device may be an example of a network entity 220 or a sensing node 210 as described herein. The processor 600 may include a controller 602 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 600 may optionally include at least one memory 604, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 600 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 606. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0169] The processor 600 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 600) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0170] The controller 602 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 600 to cause the processor 600 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 602 may operate as a control unit of the processor 600, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 600. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0171] The controller 602 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 604 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 600 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 602 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 604. The controller 602 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 602 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 600 to cause the processor 600 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 602 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 600. The controller 602 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 600.
[0172] The memory 604 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 600 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 604 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 600) . In some other implementations, the memory 604 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 600) .
[0173] The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 600, cause the processor 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 602 and / or the processor 600 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 604 to cause the processor 600 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 600 and / or the controller 602 may be coupled with or to the memory 604, and the processor 600, the controller 602, and the memory 604 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 600 may include multiple processors and the memory 604 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0174] The one or more ALUs 606 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 606 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 600) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 606 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 600) . One or more ALUs 606 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 606 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 606 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 606 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 606 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0175] For example, the processor 600 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 600 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a network entity, a sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies; a means for determining a sensing RS frequency pattern based on the sensing configuration; and a means for performing a sensing operation based on the sensing RS frequency pattern.
[0176] In another example, the processor 600 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 600 may be configured to or operable to support a means for determining a sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies for a sensing operation; and a means for transmitting, to a sensing node, the sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies.
[0177] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 that supports frequency pattern-based sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be performed by a sensing node 210 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0178] At 705, the method may include receiving, from a network entity, a sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies. The operations of 705 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 705 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0179] At 710, the method may include determining a sensing RS frequency pattern based on the sensing configuration. The operations of 710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0180] At 715, the method may include performing a sensing operation based on the sensing RS frequency pattern. The operations of 715 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 715 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0181] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 that supports frequency pattern-based sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a network entity 220 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0182] At 805, the method may include determining a sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies for a sensing operation. The operations of 805 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 805 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0183] At 810, the method may include transmitting, to a sensing node, the sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0184] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0185] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0186] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0187] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0188] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0189] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) comprising:a processor;a transceiver coupled to the processor; andwherein the processor is configured to:receive, via the transceiver from a network entity, a sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies;determine a sensing RS frequency pattern based on the sensing configuration; andperform a sensing operation based on the sensing RS frequency pattern.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the sensing configuration comprises the sensing RS frequency pattern,wherein the sensing RS frequency pattern comprises at least one of the following:a number of frequency hops;hopping information, comprising at least one of a frequency hop identity (ID) or a repetition number;at least one frequency resource for frequency hopping, each being indicated by one of a frequency ID, a bandwidth ID, or a carrier ID;a hopping bandwidth; ora corresponding time duration for each frequency resource to perform the sensing operation.3.The UE of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:perform the sensing operation using the sensing RS frequency pattern based on receiving the sensing configuration comprising the sensing RS frequency pattern.4.The UE of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, via the transceiver from the network entity, an activation indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern; andperform the sensing operation using the sensing RS frequency pattern based on receiving the activation indication,wherein the activation indication is carried in a radio resource control (RRC) message, or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) , or a physical layer signaling.5.The UE of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine that at least one first condition is fulfilled; andperform the sensing operation using the sensing RS frequency pattern based on determining that the at least one first condition is fulfilled,wherein the at least one first condition is configured by the network entity or is predefined,wherein the at least one first condition comprises at least one of the following:a sensing measurement result reaches a threshold,the UE moves into a sensing area, oroccurrence of an event associated with a detection result of a sensing object,wherein the event comprises one of the following:the sensing object is detected,the sensing object moves into a sensing area, ora path on which the sensing object is detected is updated.6.The UE of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, via the transceiver from the network entity, a deactivation indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern; anddeactivate the sensing RS frequency pattern for the sensing operation based on receiving the deactivation indication,wherein the deactivation indication is carried in an RRC message, or a MAC CE, or a physical layer signaling.7.The UE of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, via the transceiver from the network entity, an update indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern; andupdate the sensing RS frequency pattern for the sensing operation based on receiving the update indication,wherein the update indication is carried in an RRC message, or a MAC CE, or a physical layer signaling.8.The UE of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, via the transceiver from the network entity, a release indication for the sensing RS frequency pattern; andrelease the sensing RS frequency pattern based on receiving the release indication,wherein the release indication is carried in an RRC message, or a MAC CE, or a physical layer signaling.9.The UE of claim 1, wherein the sensing configuration comprises information for determining the sensing RS frequency pattern,wherein the sensing RS frequency pattern is determined based on the information, wherein the information comprises at least one of the following:a frequency range or bandwidth range for the sensing operation;one or more frequency resources for the sensing operation;a maximum number of frequency hops for each frequency resource;a maximum number of frequency resources for the sensing operation;a corresponding time duration for each frequency resource to perform the sensing operation; ora reporting time window of sensing data or sensing result for each frequency resource.10.The UE of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to one of the following:transmit, via the transceiver to the network entity, an indication of the sensing RS frequency pattern; ortransmit, via the transceiver to the network entity, a sensing report comprising associated frequency information of the sensing RS frequency pattern.11.The UE of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine that at least one second condition is fulfilled;fall back to an initial frequency resource for the sensing operation based on determining that the at least one second condition is fulfilled; andtransmit, via the transceiver to the network entity, a sensing report associated with the sensing RS frequency pattern and a fallback indication.12.The UE of claim 11, wherein the at least one second condition is configured by the network entity or is predefined,wherein the at least one second condition comprises at least one of the following:a timer associated with a frequency resource is expired,a sensing measurement result on a frequency resource reaches a threshold, oroccurrence of an event associated with a detection result of a sensing object on a frequency resource,wherein the event comprises one of the following:the sensing object is detected or is not detected,the sensing object moves into or out of a sensing area, ora path on which the sensing object is detected is updated.13.A network entity comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor;wherein the processor is configured to:determine a sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies for a sensing operation; andtransmit, via the transceiver to a user equipment (UE) , the sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies.14.The network entity of claim 13, wherein the sensing configuration comprises a sensing RS frequency pattern,wherein the sensing RS frequency pattern comprises at least one of the following:a number of frequency hops;hopping information, comprising at least one of a frequency hop identity (ID) or a repetition number;at least one frequency resource for frequency hopping, each being indicated by one of a frequency ID, a bandwidth ID, or a carrier ID;a hopping bandwidth; ora corresponding time duration for each frequency resource to perform the sensing operation.15.The network entity of claim 14, wherein the network entity is a base station, and the processor is further configured to one of the following:receive, via the transceiver from a core network entity, an indication or a request to configure a sensing RS frequency pattern; orreceive, via the transceiver from a core network entity, the sensing RS frequency pattern.16.The network entity of claim 14, wherein the network entity is a core network entity, and the processor is further configured to:transmit, via the transceiver to a base station, an indication or a request to configure a sensing RS frequency pattern; andreceive, via the transceiver from the base station, the sensing configuration comprising the sensing RS frequency pattern.17.The network entity of claim 14, wherein the network entity is a core network entity, and the processor is further configured to:receive, via the transceiver from a base station, assistance information;determine the sensing RS frequency pattern based on the assistance information; andtransmit, via the transceiver to at least one of the UE or the base station, the sensing RS frequency pattern.18.The network entity of claim 17, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of the following:a radio quality for a frequency resource;a sensing measurement quality for a frequency resource;a channel status for a frequency resource; ora UE density level for a frequency resource.19.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to:receive, from a network entity, a sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies;determine a sensing RS frequency pattern based on the sensing configuration; andperform a sensing operation based on the sensing RS frequency pattern.20.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to:determine a sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies for a sensing operation; andtransmit, to a user equipment (UE) , the sensing configuration associated with sensing frequencies.