Jacketed projectile

Abstract

The present invention relates to a jacketed projectile, in particular an armor-piercing projectile, for ammunition having in particular a caliber of less than 13 mm, said jacketed projectile comprising a core, a guide jacket receiving the core at the rear end, and a jacket tip receiving the core at the front end and connected, in particular press-fitted, to the guide jacket, wherein the core has a rear section which tapers, in particular conically, in the direction of the projectile rear and the peripheral surface of which is press-fitted to the guide jacket.

Description

[0001] SwissP Defence AG

[0002] R31249WO

[0003] 17.02.2026 SKITI / P Mantle floor

[0004] The present invention relates to a jacketed bullet, in particular a semi-jacketed bullet or an armor-piercing bullet (AP bullet), for ammunition, in particular service ammunition, preferably with a caliber of less than 13 mm, in particular less than 12.7 mm. The present invention further relates to ammunition with such a jacketed bullet.

[0005] Generally, the term "service ammunition" refers to ammunition intended for actual use in real-world situations, particularly in military, governmental, or law enforcement contexts; hence, it is also called law enforcement or military ammunition. This type of ammunition differs from training ammunition, which is designed for practice in safe training environments.

[0006] Jacketed bullets are generally characterized by a bullet core encased in a jacket made of a harder metal alloy. This jacket protects the barrel of a firearm from abrasion caused by the softer core and also prevents deformation or even fragmentation of the softer core upon impact with a target.

[0007] So-called dual-core bullets are known from the prior art, in which the front core consists of a hard material such as cemented carbide and the rear core of lead, with both cores integrated into a full metal jacket. The hard core provides the penetration power, while the rear core serves to improve accuracy and reduce barrel erosion. In the 5.56 x 45 mm NATO ammunition category, the SS109 model has become predominant, featuring a very small frontal penetration core and a large rear lead core that extends to the rear of the bullet's ogive. However, this bullet has proven to be disadvantageous due to its insufficient penetration upon impact with a target and its complex manufacturing process.

[0008]

[0009] So-called armor-piercing projectiles (AP projectiles), also known as armor-piercing or kinetic energy penetrators, are typically used in military applications to penetrate and destroy armored and / or hardened surfaces of targets. AP projectiles may contain internal additives, such as explosives, to generate an additional effect upon impact, such as detonation of the explosive.

[0010] A key challenge in designing AP bullets is ensuring that the core comprises as much of the bullet as possible, while the jacket is not the primary factor in penetration. This means that the jacket's mass should be kept as small as possible compared to the core. Furthermore, when determining the length-diameter ratio, it's crucial to consider that an excessively long core leads to proneness to breakage, while a core that is too short results in poorer penetration. Therefore, the challenge with AP bullets lies in finding the optimal balance between barrel stress, accuracy, and penetration power.

[0011] German patent DE 10 2023 105 715 A1 discloses an AP jacketed projectile with improved precision and resistance to the forces exerted during its passage through the barrel of a protective weapon compared to previously known AP jacketed projectiles. The projectile comprises a core, a jacket surrounding the core, and a guide shoe located between the core and the jacket.

[0012] In particular, the conflicting objectives of good precision on the one hand and high penetration on the other are not satisfactorily resolved by the AP jacketed projectile according to DE 102023 105715 A1. While high precision at long ranges must be ensured through aerodynamic stability and consistent manufacturing quality, effective impact on the target (penetration performance) requires sufficient, concentrated energy transfer to the target, whereby the penetrator core must not break, should be hard, and as heavy as possible. The two requirements of precision and penetration performance remain in tension, as measures to improve impact on the target, such as...

[0013]

[0014] altered projectile structure or material properties that can negatively affect flight stability and thus precision.

[0015] With the AP jacketed projectile according to DE 10 2023 105 715 A1 with a radial guide shoe between core and jacket, very good penetration performance was achieved, but the desired precision was still not achieved.

[0016] Furthermore, US Patent 3795196 A discloses a projectile comprising a core, a rear jacket section, and a front jacket section. The projectile is designed such that the rotational movement of the rear jacket section during firing is positively transmitted to the loose core. This is achieved by a segmented coupling element at the lower end of the core. The design is simple and consists of few components. Neither the core nor the rear jacket section requires high-precision manufacturing. The core rests loosely at the rear in a corresponding recess of the rear jacket section. At the front, it is centered by a ring within the hollow front jacket section. The segmentation of the core, for example by grooves or notches, is preferably achieved by a forging process.While this method is cost-effective and meets the stability and functionality requirements that make it suitable for use in large-caliber autocannons, it has significant drawbacks in terms of precision. Therefore, its use in small-caliber weapons is not possible.

[0017] One object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to provide a projectile with improved precision without compromising penetration performance.

[0018] This task is solved by the characteristics of independent claims.

[0019] This means that a jacketed projectile, in particular an armor-piercing projectile, is provided for ammunition, in particular service ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm.

[0020] The jacketed projectile comprises a core, a guide jacket that receives the core at the rear, and a outer jacket that receives the core at the front and is connected to the

[0021]

[0022] The guide jacket is connected, especially by pressing, to the jacket tip. The core is made of tungsten carbide, for example, especially by sintering. Alternative materials include steel, hard metal, copper, brass, tungsten-heavy metal alloy, or lead.

[0023] When the present invention refers to the bow or bow-side, front or front-side, or tail or rear-side, the corresponding designations are to be understood with regard to the direction of flight of the projectile or with regard to its orientation in the firearm barrel, wherein the tail of the projectile is located at the rear, i.e., rear-side, with respect to the direction of flight, and the bow or front of the projectile is located at the front with respect to the direction of flight.

[0024] The core features a tail section that tapers conically, particularly towards the rear of the projectile, and whose circumferential surface is pressed onto the guide jacket. An advantage of this design lies in the improved precision achieved by pressing the core, which ensures high circumferential accuracy and improved imbalance. Compared to US 3,795,196 A1, a screw clamp and crimping mechanism is unnecessary, thus improving length consistency, which in turn has a positive effect on accuracy.

[0025] In one exemplary embodiment, the circumferential surface is pressed into the guide jacket in such a way as to create an interference fit. An interference fit is a type of mate connection in which the parts are fitted together so tightly that they are held together by friction. While this type of connection requires precise manufacturing of the components to ensure that the fit is correct and the desired mechanical properties are achieved, the interference fit advantageously provides a firm and stable connection between the core and the guide jacket. This results in improved structural integrity of the projectile, which positively affects its accuracy and penetration performance. The interference fit also helps to minimize projectile imbalance, which improves flight stability and thus increases accuracy at long ranges.Another advantage of the press fit is that it allows for a uniform energy transfer from the guide jacket to the core, which particularly increases the penetration power of the projectile.

[0026]

[0027] According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a jacketed projectile, in particular an armor-piercing projectile, is provided for ammunition, in particular service ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm.

[0028] The jacketed projectile comprises a core, a guide jacket that receives the core at its rear, and a jacket tip that receives the core at its front and is connected to the guide jacket, particularly by compression molding. The core is made, for example, of tungsten carbide, especially by sintering. Alternative materials include steel, hard metal, copper, brass, tungsten-heavy metal alloy, or lead.

[0029] According to a further aspect of the invention, the core has a tail section that tapers conically in the direction of the projectile's rear, the circumferential surface of which is provided with a profile introduced by machining, particularly by grinding, during the sintering of the core or after its manufacture. Machining, such as grinding, achieves high dimensional accuracy and surface quality, which improves the aerodynamic stability of the projectile during flight. This precision is particularly important because it minimizes the projectile's imbalance and thus stabilizes its trajectory, leading to greater accuracy. Furthermore, the profile helps to optimize the connection between the core and the guide jacket.The tight fit achieved by pressing the core against the guide jacket ensures that the rotational motion generated during firing is efficiently transferred to the core. This is particularly important for penetration performance, as the projectile's rotational energy is transferred to the target, thus increasing penetration capability. Another advantage of machining the profile is the ability to optimize the core's material properties, especially when it is made of a hard material like tungsten carbide. Tungsten carbide is known for its high density and hardness, making it ideal for applications requiring high penetration power. Profiling allows the material's mechanical properties to be maximized without compromising the core's structural integrity.

[0030]

[0031] In one exemplary embodiment, the guide jacket is shaped to be complementary to the profile of the core, creating an anti-rotation device between the jacket and the core. The term "complementary" means that the shape of the guide jacket is designed to essentially match the profile of the core. This ensures that the core and the guide jacket interlock and form a tight connection, preventing the core from rotating relative to the guide jacket. This anti-rotation device enhances the stability and accuracy of the projectile during flight. The complementary shape allows the rotational motion transmitted from the rifle barrel to the guide jacket to be efficiently transferred to the core without slippage. This results in improved aerodynamic stability and increased projectile accuracy.The anti-rotation feature also contributes to a more even transfer of energy to the target, which improves the penetration performance of the projectile.

[0032] The form-complementary adaptation of the guide jacket to the core profile can be pre-formed and / or created, and further developed, by joining, particularly pressing together, the guide jacket and core. The resulting anti-rotation between the guide jacket and core ensures that the spin resulting from firing the projectile is reliably transferred from the barrel to the core without any relative twisting between them, which would negatively impact projectile accuracy. This anti-rotation feature prevents the projectile from deforming, especially uncontrollably, during firing and / or propulsion through the barrel.For example, the jacket has a hardness in the range of 45 HV to 120 HV, the guide jacket a hardness in the range of 200 HV to 250 HV and / or the core has a higher hardness than the jacket, in particular a hardness of more than 920HV10 or 1200HV10.

[0033] According to an exemplary embodiment, the profile has a cross-sectional shape, a star shape, or a polygon, preferably a continuous wave-like contour. The circumferential arrangement of the profile ensures that the compression of the core within the guide sleeve is uniform, resulting in improved stability and

[0034]

[0035] The precision of the projectile during flight is enhanced. The contour of the various cross-sectional shapes can also contribute to transferring the rotational motion, which is applied to the projectile during firing, more efficiently to the core, thus improving accuracy at long ranges. In an exemplary further development, the profiling is designed to be as notch-free as possible and / or with a smooth profile transition, i.e., without sharp-edged transitions and / or profile breaks along the profile. It can be provided that the transitions along the profiling have as few and / or as large radii as possible, preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.5 times the wall thickness of the projectile jacket.

[0036] According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a jacketed projectile, in particular an armor-piercing projectile, is provided for ammunition, in particular service ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm.

[0037] The jacketed projectile comprises a core, a guide jacket that receives the core at its rear, and a jacket tip that receives the core at its front and is connected to the guide jacket, particularly by compression molding. The core is made, for example, of tungsten carbide, especially by sintering. Alternative materials include steel, hard metal, copper, brass, tungsten-heavy metal alloy, or lead.

[0038] According to a further aspect of the invention, the jacket tip is solid and features a cap at its rear. The jacket tip, which receives the core at its front, is designed to offer high structural integrity and strength, which is particularly advantageous when penetrating hard targets. The solid construction of the jacket tip means that it consists of a single piece of material. The cap at the rear of the jacket tip allows for faster production of the jacket tip without compromising aerodynamic efficiency or accuracy. The specific design of the jacket tip with a cap helps to simplify manufacturing while simultaneously optimizing the projectile's performance. Furthermore, the use of a solid jacket tip maximizes energy transfer to the target.In other words, the calotte is oriented towards the core, and in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the projectile.

[0039]

[0040] Rear of the jacket tip and / or centrally located with respect to a projectile center axis.

[0041] According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the cap has a cylindrical length of at least 0.1 mm and / or a diameter of at most 90% of a mantle tip section at the same axial height. This minimum length ensures that, during subsequent drilling, taking manufacturing tolerances into account, the tools used do not bore into the solid material. This dimensioning ensures that the cap is sufficiently robust to guarantee structural integrity and stability during flight and impact. At the same time, the diameter of the cap is limited to at most 90% of the mantle tip section at the same axial height.

[0042] According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a jacketed projectile, in particular an armor-piercing projectile, is provided for ammunition, in particular service ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm.

[0043] The jacketed projectile comprises a core, a guide jacket that receives the core at its rear, and a jacket tip that receives the core at its front and is connected to the guide jacket, particularly by compression molding. The core is made, for example, of tungsten carbide, especially by sintering. Alternative materials include steel, hard metal, copper, brass, tungsten-heavy metal alloy, or lead.

[0044] According to a further aspect of the present invention, the guide jacket has a vent for discharging compressed air resulting from the insertion of the core into the guide jacket from a rear region of the guide jacket in the direction of the projectile's front. The core can be designed to taper conically in the rear direction of the projectile, which simplifies precise pressing with the guide jacket. The vent serves to efficiently dissipate the compressed air generated during core insertion to ensure error-free assembly. Furthermore, it reduces the required insertion forces. The vent can be implemented through various design modifications. Another advantage of the vent is that it simplifies the manufacturing processes and reduces production costs.

[0045]

[0046] lowers the cost, as no additional steps are required to remove the trapped air.

[0047] In one exemplary embodiment, the vent is formed by a longitudinal groove or, in particular, a spiral groove produced by turning. The longitudinal groove or the spiral groove serves as a channel through which the trapped air can escape. The spiral shape offers the advantage of particularly simple manufacturing by turning. Furthermore, the use of a spiral groove ensures a uniform distribution of air circumferentially along the guide sleeve or core. Overall, the vent offers the advantage of improving air circulation and thus minimizing the risk of air inclusions that could impair the dimensional accuracy and stability of the core.

[0048] According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the guide sleeve has a sleeve section whose inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the core at the same axial height. This results in a circumferential annular cavity. The vent opens into this annular cavity to discharge the compressed air resulting from pressing the core into the guide sleeve towards the projectile front. The annular cavity acts as a vent for the compressed air, through which the air can be released into the environment during assembly.

[0049] According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a jacketed projectile, in particular an armor-piercing projectile, is provided for ammunition, in particular service ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm.

[0050] The jacketed projectile comprises a core, a guide jacket that receives the core at its rear, and a jacket tip that receives the core at its front and is connected to the guide jacket, particularly by compression molding. The core is made, for example, of tungsten carbide, especially by sintering. Alternative materials include steel, hard metal, copper, brass, tungsten-heavy metal alloy, or lead.

[0051] According to a further aspect of the invention, the guide sleeve has a sleeve section with a wall thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm, the

[0052]

[0053] The inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the core at the same axial height, resulting in a circumferential annular cavity. This annular cavity serves, firstly, to provide a degree of flexibility and deformability of the jacket during firing, leading to improved adaptation to the rifling system of the barrel and a reduction in barrel resistance. The jacket section can be designed to deform elastically and plastically as it is forced through the barrel, particularly to yield, thus improving spin transfer through interaction with the rifling system. Furthermore, the annular cavity, especially in combination with the selected wall thickness, can optimize the pressure-to-velocity ratio.It has been found that, according to the inventive design of the projectile, the guide jacket presses firmly against the jacket tip at the moment of firing. This efficiently transmits the rotation, which is transferred to the guide jacket by the barrel of the firearm, to the jacket tip. This is related to the inventive wall thickness design of the guide jacket, in particular the sleeve section around the annular space. The specified wall thickness ranges ensure that controlled elastic and plastic deformation occurs. Furthermore, a design conflict is resolved. On the one hand, the press fit between the guide jacket and the jacket tip should be optimal; on the other hand, the guide jacket must not conform to the rifling profile of the firearm barrel throughout, especially in the front section.

[0054] According to one exemplary design, the jacketed projectile has a specific wall thickness in the range of 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm or approximately 1.25 mm. The wall thickness within this range allows for controlled elastic and plastic deformation of the jacket during firing.

[0055] According to an exemplary embodiment of the jacketed projectile, the axial length of the cartridge case section in the longitudinal direction of the projectile is designed to be between 20% and 80%, particularly in the range of 30% to 70% or in the range of 40% to 60%, of the axial length of a guide jacket section extending from a hollow cylindrical section of the guide jacket to its frontal end. By adjusting the axial length within the specified range, the projectile can be designed to

[0056]

[0057] It is configured to achieve an optimal balance between stability during flight and effectiveness upon impact. By avoiding a separate guide band, as is the case, for example, with the US 3,795,196 A, which could negatively affect flight stability in small-caliber ammunition, the embossing is achieved by pressing the embossing into the rifling system of the barrel at the end or a rear end section of the ogive, thus ensuring precise projectile guidance during firing.

[0058] According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a jacketed projectile, in particular an armor-piercing projectile, is provided for ammunition, in particular service ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm.

[0059] The jacketed projectile comprises a core, a guide jacket that receives the core at its rear, and a jacket tip that receives the core at its front and is connected to the guide jacket, particularly by compression molding. The core is made, for example, of tungsten carbide, especially by sintering. Alternative materials include steel, hard metal, copper, brass, tungsten-heavy metal alloy, or lead.

[0060] According to a further aspect of the invention, the guide jacket and the jacket tip have contact surfaces resting on each other, which overlap transversely to the longitudinal direction of the projectile and have, in particular, two pairs of mutually facing stop contact surfaces facing each other in the longitudinal direction of the projectile. These contact surfaces are designed to transmit acceleration forces from the guide jacket to the projectile tip in such a way that radial expansion of the guide jacket is prevented during the transmission of acceleration forces. The specific communication mechanisms or means of interaction between the components consist of the contact surfaces and the stop contact surfaces ensuring a stable and precise connection between the guide jacket and the jacket tip. In particular, the compression of the jacket tip and the guide jacket is ensured via the contact surfaces.The stop contact surfaces are designed in such a way as to prevent the guide sleeve from expanding radially during the acceleration phase. Firstly, this is achieved by...

[0061]

[0062] The overlapping of the bearing surfaces and the precise alignment of the contact surfaces achieve improved force transmission from the guide jacket to the jacket tip. Furthermore, this coordination of the mounting components provides a defined final mounting position. This results in uniform acceleration of the entire projectile and minimizes the risk of structural deformation that could impair accuracy and penetration. Additionally, preventing radial expansion of the guide jacket helps maintain the projectile's aerodynamic shape during flight. The specific design of the contact surfaces also enables efficient transfer of the rotational forces generated by the launch to the jacket tip.Furthermore, the contact surfaces must be designed in such a way that the resulting contact force transmission area is sufficiently large, in particular capable of reliably transmitting the acceleration forces.

[0063] According to an exemplary design, the jacketed bullet incorporates a specific wall thickness design for both the tip-side and the guide-side bearing surfaces. The wall thickness of the tip-side bearing surface is between 30% and 70% of the total wall thickness at the same axial height and / or at least 0.2 mm. Similarly, the wall thickness of the guide-side bearing surface is between 30% and 70% of the total wall thickness at the same axial height and / or at least 0.2 mm. This ensures an optimal press fit between the jacket and the tip. As a result, the rotation transferred from the barrel to the jacket is efficiently transmitted to the tip, increasing the bullet's accuracy. The minimum wall thickness of 0.2 mm ensures that the jacket's structural integrity is maintained and that the bullet can withstand the high stresses during firing.

[0064] According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a jacketed projectile is described in which an overlap area of ​​the bearing flanks in the range of 20% to 100%, in particular in the range of 20% to 80% or in the range of 30% to 70%, of an outer diameter of the jacket tip lies at the axial height of the jacket tip-side contact surfaces. The overlap area refers to the area in which the bearing flanks of the jacket tip and the guide jacket are in contact with or overlap with each other. The axial height of the jacket tip-side

[0065]

[0066] The contact area is the height along the projectile's axis where these surfaces come into contact. By defining the overlap area as a specific percentage of the jacket tip's outer diameter, a reliable mechanical connection between the jacket tip and the guide jacket, as well as stability, is achieved. Adjusting the overlap area allows the jacket tip to be designed to remain stable under the high stresses of firing, while simultaneously maintaining accuracy through uniform mass distribution and improved aerodynamic shape.

[0067] According to an exemplary embodiment, the jacketed projectile has a transition radius on the guide jacket in the area of ​​the facing, jacket tip-side contact surfaces that is larger than the transition radius at the jacket tip. This specific design of the transition radii reliably results in a radial expansion of the guide jacket via a so-called conical effect. Typical contact ring surfaces exhibit a radial expansion of 0.3 mm to 2.0 mm. Alternatively, the conical effect could be avoided by other geometries, such as chamfers or bevels in the aforementioned dimensions.

[0068] According to another exemplary embodiment, the opposing, guide-jacket-side stop contact surfaces are arranged at a distance of, in particular, up to 0.5 mm, more specifically up to 0.2 mm or up to 0.1 mm. This distance can be understood in relation to the longitudinal direction of the projectile. The resulting distance or gap can, in turn, help to prevent a conical effect. Furthermore, it ensures that no acceleration force is transmitted from the guide jacket to the jacket tip in the area of ​​the guide-jacket-side stop contact surfaces.

[0069] In other words, one intention behind the development of the new long-range cartridge was to significantly increase the performance of the .338 Lapua Magnum, which is already in use by many law enforcement agencies and armies. This could, in principle, be achieved by increasing the caliber and the case size. However, the inventors aimed to avoid the need for a new weapon system, instead allowing the use of existing systems. This saves a considerable amount of money, as only a barrel, and not an entire weapon, needs to be purchased, and it also saves training time, since the chassis

[0070]

[0071] and the handling of the weapon should remain virtually unchanged. If the bolt and magazine of the .338 LM are used, the new cartridge must have the same breech face diameter of 14.93 mm (R1 value) and also the same overall cartridge length (L6 dimension). It should significantly surpass the penetration performance of the armor-piercing bullets currently available on the market in .338 LM caliber, both at short and, of course, at long ranges beyond 1000 meters. Another criterion was accuracy. Accuracy from bolt-action rifles designed for this caliber should be in the range of one minute of angle or better. For police special forces or the military, it is important to have the option of perforating the SK 4 protection. Assassins or criminals often wear ballistic protection when committing their crimes.Firing tests on Class 4 ceramics showed that the .375 Swiss PAP reliably penetrated this protection up to a distance of approximately 500 meters. The targeted accuracy of 1 MOA or better was also reliably maintained up to 1100 meters with test weapons, namely a Sako M10 and a Voere X3. In some cases, groups as small as 0.5 MOA were achieved, which are fantastic results for a hard-core bullet.

[0072] According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a method for manufacturing and / or operating a jacketed projectile according to the invention is provided.

[0073] Preferred embodiments are given in the dependent claims.

[0074] Further properties, features and advantages of the invention will be clarified below by describing preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying exemplary drawings, which show:

[0075] Figure 1 shows a sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a jacketed projectile according to the invention; and

[0076] Figure 2 shows an external view of the shell casing from Figure 1 with visible

[0077] Inner contour lines.

[0078]

[0079] In the following description of exemplary embodiments, the jacketed projectile according to the invention is generally designated by the reference numeral 1.

[0080] Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a jacketed projectile 1, in particular an armor-piercing projectile, for ammunition with a caliber of less than 13 mm. The jacketed projectile 1 comprises a core 5, a guide jacket 3 which receives the core 5 at its rear, and a jacket tip 7 which receives the core 5 at its front and is connected, in particular pressed, to the guide jacket 3.

[0081] The core 5 has a rear section 9 that tapers conically in the direction of the projectile's tail, the circumferential surface 11 of which is pressed onto the guide jacket 3. The circumferential surface 11 of the rear section 9 is provided with a profile 13, which is introduced during the sintering of the core 5 or after its manufacture by machining, in particular by grinding. This profile 13 can be circumferential and may have a cross-, star-, or polygonal shape in cross-section, in particular a continuous wave-like contour.

[0082] The guide sleeve 3 can be shaped to complement the profile 13, thus forming an anti-rotation feature between the guide sleeve 3 and the core 5. Viewed in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, the guide sleeve 3 comprises a rear base 41, which also forms the projectile base; a conical section 43 that widens in the longitudinal direction of the projectile and surrounds the profile 13 of the core 5; a cylindrical section 21 adjoining this conical section 21 of substantially constant wall thickness; and a front sleeve section 17 whose inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the core 5 at the same axial height, resulting in a circumferential annular cavity 19. This sleeve section 17 has a wall thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm, preferably in the range of 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm or approximately 1.25 mm.The core 5 may be ground down on its surface or lateral surface, at least in the area where it is surrounded by the cylindrical section 21.

[0083] The mantle tip 7 is essentially solid and has a calotte 15 on its rear side, i.e., on an inner surface 45 facing the core 5. The calotte 15 has a cylindrical length of at least 0.1 mm and / or a diameter of at most 90% of a mantle tip section at the same axial height. The calotte 15 is

[0084]

[0085] Essentially unoccupied. In other words, the core 5 does not fill the dome 15, or not completely.

[0086] The guide sleeve 3 and the sleeve tip 7 have overlapping bearing surfaces 25, 27 that overlap transversely to the longitudinal direction of the projectile and have, in particular, two pairs of mutually facing stop contact surfaces 29, 31, 33, 35 facing each other in the longitudinal direction of the projectile. The guide sleeve 3 and the sleeve tip 7 are pressed together via the bearing surfaces 25, 27. These are designed to transmit acceleration forces from the guide sleeve 3 to the sleeve tip 7 in such a way that radial expansion of the guide sleeve 3 is avoided during the transmission of acceleration forces. Figure 1 shows that the bearing surface 25 of the guide sleeve 3 has an ogivoid shape on its outer side, in particular corresponding to the ogivoid shape of the sleeve tip 3.

[0087] This is achieved in particular by having a transition radius on the guide sleeve 3 that is larger than a transition radius on the sleeve tip 7 in the area of ​​the mutually facing, sleeve-tip-side stop contact surfaces 29, 31. The mutually facing, guide-sleeve-side stop contact surfaces 33, 35 are arranged at a distance of, in particular, up to 0.5 mm, in particular up to 0.2 mm or up to 0.1 mm.

[0088] The wall thickness of the bearing surface 27 on the tip of the sleeve is in the range of 30% to 70% of the total wall thickness at the same axial height and / or at least 0.2 mm. Likewise, the wall thickness of the bearing surface 25 on the guide sleeve side is in the range of 30% to 70% of the total wall thickness at the same axial height and / or at least 0.2 mm. An overlap area 37 of the bearing surfaces 25, 27 lies in the range of 20% to 100%, in particular in the range of 20% to 80% or in the range of 30% to 70%, of an outer diameter of the sleeve tip 7 at the axial height of the sleeve tip-side stop contact surfaces 29, 31.

[0089] The guide jacket 3 has a vent 39 for discharging compressed air resulting from the pressing of the core 5 into the guide jacket 3 from a rear area of ​​the guide jacket 3 in the direction of the projectile's front. This vent 39 can be provided by a longitudinal groove or, in particular, by turning.

[0090]

[0091] A spiral groove (Figure 2) is formed. The sleeve section 17 of the guide sleeve 3 has an axial length in the range of 20% to 80%, in particular in the range of 30% to 70% or in the range of 40% to 60%, of an axial length of a guide sleeve section extending from a hollow cylindrical section (21) of the guide sleeve 3 to a front end 23 of the guide sleeve 3.

[0092] Figure 2 shows a detailed technical drawing of a jacketed projectile 1, designed in particular as an armor-piercing projectile for ammunition with a caliber of less than 13 mm. The figure illustrates the essential components and their arrangement within the projectile 1, with the addition of the vent 39 in the form of a spiral groove, compared to Figure 1.

[0093] The features disclosed in the foregoing description, figures and claims can be important for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments, both individually and in any combination.

[0094]

[0095] Reference symbol list

[0096] 1 jacketed floor

[0097] 3 Guide coat

[0098] 5 core

[0099] 7 Coat tip

[0100] 9 Rear section

[0101] 11 Circumferential area

[0102] 13 Profiling

[0103] 15 Calotte

[0104] 17 Sleeve section

[0105] 19 annular cavity

[0106] 21 hollow cylindrical section

[0107] 23 End

[0108] 25, 27 bearing surfaces

[0109] 29, 31, 33, 35 Stop contact surfaces

[0110] 37 Overlap area

[0111] 39 Ventilation

[0112] 41 Floor

[0113] 43 Cone section

[0114] 45 mm interior surface

Claims

SwissP Defence AG R31249WO SKITI / P REQUIREMENTS 1. Jacketed projectile (1), in particular armor-piercing projectile, for ammunition in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, comprising a core (5), a guide jacket (3) receiving the core (5) at the rear and a jacket tip (7) receiving the core (5) at the front and connected, in particular pressed, to the guide jacket (3), wherein the core (5) has a rear section (9) that tapers in the direction of the rear of the projectile in a conical manner, the circumferential surface (11) of which is pressed with the guide jacket (3).

2. Jacketed shell (1) according to claim 1, wherein the circumferential surface (11) is pressed onto the guide jacket (3) in such a way that an interference fit is formed.

3. Jacketed projectile (1), in particular armor-piercing projectile, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for ammunition in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, comprising a core (5), a guide jacket (3) receiving the core (5) at the rear and a jacket tip (7) receiving the core (5) at the front and connected to the guide jacket (3), in particular by pressing, wherein the core (5) has a rear section (9) that tapers in the direction of the rear of the projectile in a conical manner, the circumferential surface (11) of which is provided with a profile (13) introduced by machining, in particular by grinding, during the sintering of the core (5) or after the manufacture of the core (5).

4. Jacketed projectile (1) according to claim 3, wherein the guide jacket (3) is adapted in a form complementary manner to the profiling (13) such that an anti-rotation device is formed between the guide jacket (3) and the core (5).

5. Shell (1) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the profiling (13) is provided circumferentially and / or has a cross, star or polygon shape in cross-section, in particular a full-circumference wave-like contour.

6. Jacketed projectile (1), in particular armor-piercing projectile, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for ammunition in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, comprising a core (5), a guide jacket (3) receiving the core (5) at the rear and a jacket tip (7) receiving the core (5) at the front and connected to the guide jacket (3), in particular pressed, which is essentially solid and has a cap (15) at the rear.

7. Jacketed projectile (1) according to claim 6, wherein the calotte (15) has a cylindrical length of at least 0.1 mm and / or a diameter of at most 90% of a jacket tip section at the same axial height.

8. Jacketed projectile (1), in particular armor-piercing projectile, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for ammunition in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, comprising a core (5), a guide jacket (3) into which the core (5) is pressed at the rear, and a jacket tip (7) receiving the core (5) at the front and connected, in particular pressed, to the guide jacket (3), wherein the guide jacket (3) has a vent (39) for discharging compressed air resulting from the pressing of the core (5) into the guide jacket (3) from a rear area of ​​the guide jacket (3) in the direction of the projectile front.

9. Jacketed shell (1) according to claim 8, wherein the vent (39) is formed by a longitudinal groove or, in particular, a spiral groove formed by turning.

10. Jacketed projectile (1) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the guide jacket (3) has a sleeve section (17) whose inner diameter is larger than an outer diameter of the core (5) at the same axial height, resulting in a circumferential annular cavity into which the vent (39) opens.

11. Jacketed bullet (1), in particular an armor-piercing bullet, especially according to one of the preceding claims, for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, comprising a core (5), a guide jacket (3) receiving the core (5) at its rear, and a jacket tip (7) receiving the core (5) at its front and connected, in particular pressed, to the guide jacket (3), wherein the guide jacket (3) has a sleeve section (17) with a wall thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm, the inner diameter of which is larger than an outer diameter of the core (5) at the same axial height, so that a circumferential annular cavity is formed.

12. Jacketed bullet (1) according to claim 11, wherein the wall thickness is in the range of 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm or at about 1.25 mm.

13. Jacketed projectile (1) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein an axial length of the sleeve section (17) in the longitudinal direction of the projectile is in the range of 20% to 80%, in particular in the range of 30% to 70% or in the range of 40% to 60%, of an axial length of a guide jacket section extending from a hollow cylindrical section (21) of the guide jacket (3) to a front end (23) of the guide jacket (3).

14. Jacketed projectile (1), in particular an armor-piercing projectile, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for ammunition in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, comprising a core (5), a guide jacket (3) receiving the core (5) at its rear, and a jacket tip (7) receiving the core (5) at its front and connected, in particular pressed, to the guide jacket (3), wherein the guide jacket (3) and the jacket tip (7) have bearing surfaces (25, 27) resting on each other, which overlap transversely to the longitudinal direction of the projectile and have, in particular two pairs of mutually facing, stop contact surfaces (29, 31, 33, 35) facing each other in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, which are designed for the transmission of acceleration forces from the guide jacket (3) to the jacket tip (7) in such a way that radial expansion of the guide jacket (3) is avoided during the transmission of acceleration forces.

15. Jacket shell (1) according to claim 14, wherein the wall thickness of the jacket tip-side support flank (27) is in the range of 30% to 70% of a total wall thickness at the same axial height and / or is at least 0.2 mm and / or wherein the wall thickness of the guide jacket-side support flank (25) is in the range of 30% to 70% of a total wall thickness at the same axial height and / or is at least 0.2 mm.

16. Jacketed projectile (1) according to claim 14 or 15, wherein an overlap area (37) of the bearing flanks (25, 27) in the range of 20% to 100%, in particular in the range of 20% to 80% or in the range of 30% to 70%, of an outer diameter of the jacket tip (7) lies at the axial height of the jacket tip-side stop contact surfaces (29, 31).

17. Jacketed projectile (1) according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein in the area of ​​the mutually facing jacket tip-side stop contact surfaces (29, 31) a transition radius on the guide jacket (3) is larger than a transition radius at the jacket tip (7).

18. Jacketed projectile (1) according to one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the mutually facing, guide jacket-side stop contact surfaces (33, 35) are arranged at a distance of in particular up to 0.5mm, in particular up to 0.2mm or up to 0.1mm.

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