A 2D metalloid emitter uses gate-driven Fermi level and work function modulation to control vacuum electron emission for terahertz transistor operation.
Sub-micrometer beam-neighboring electrode fabrication reduces mechanical errors and parasitic aberrations in charged particle optics.
Posts with matched thermal expansion anchor the grid, substrate, and base to reduce movement, preserve insulation, and improve cathode yield.
Wirebonded grid, emitter, and collector structures improve electron flow, while gettering limits outgassing to preserve triode vacuum life.
Specific gate electrode material conditions improve tunneling current, thermal stability, and X-ray generation reliability in MIS emitters.
An auxiliary structure conducts heat from the extraction electrode to suppress thermal expansion and keep electron beam emission stable at high throughput.
Electron beams ionize a metal radiator to generate EUV, replacing bulky laser optics with a simpler, smaller lithography source.
A tapered receding suppressor electrode reduces beam bending from tip misalignment, improving electron microscope consistency and resolution.
A suppressor and extraction electrode form a virtual source inside a LaB6 or CeB6 emitter to stabilize emission and narrow beam energy spread.
A single 3D-printed ion optical structure replaces complex assembly, then uses end-support removal to form isolated rod-ring circuits.
A co-extending film with a grill or mesh gate evens the cathode-gap electric field, boosting electron transmission and reducing ion bombardment.
Heat makes the gate electrode bow away from the cathode, widening the gap to self-limit emission current and prevent permanent damage.
Wirebonded grid, emitter, and collector structures with getter materials limit outgassing, preserve vacuum, and sustain triode signal amplification.
A charged particle beam apparatus uses a repeller and isolator to collimate particles emitted from a hot-cathode filament.