Organic Active Ingredients TRIZ Cases

A high-bulk-density cariprazine capsule blend improves flowability, limits agglomeration, and supports uniform large-scale filling.

Cardiosphere-derived cells and exosomes target dystrophic skeletal muscle to reduce fibrosis and inflammation while restoring dystrophin.

A three-component LNP uses a steroid-cationic lipid to simplify mRNA delivery while improving stability, transfection, and aerosol inhalation use.

Novel glutaminyl cyclase inhibitors improve metabolic stability and lower hydrophobicity while suppressing aberrant immune cell chemotaxis.

Small-molecule eIF2B modulators restore translation initiation under p-eIF2α stress, attenuating ISR while limiting broader translation effects.

Sequential hyaluronic acid then mesenchymal stem cell injection improves cartilage damage treatment while avoiding high-concentration drawbacks.

Crystalline free base and fumarate salt forms improve ATM inhibitor stability, processing, and blood-brain barrier penetration.

An intranasal adrenalin and doxepin composition improves bioavailability and rapid onset for shock treatment while supporting dosage reliability.

A biodegradable naltrexone implant cuts swelling and pain at the implant site while sustaining drug release without removal.

Furoindazole compounds tune substituent patterns to selectively inhibit GPR84 and improve treatment of inflammatory, autoimmune, and metabolic disorders.

Direct lung delivery of inhaled itraconazole helps treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with lower doses, improved bioavailability, and fewer side effects.

Specific purine A2aR antagonists expand treatment coverage across neurological, fibrotic, and cancer-related disorders with stronger therapeutic benefit.

Small molecules such as CD04872SC block Spike-ACE2 binding to prevent SARS-CoV-2 variant entry with minimal cytotoxicity.

Selective pyrimidine ring CDK2 inhibitors address cyclin E-driven resistance that limits the duration of CDK4/6 cancer therapy.

Ion exchange extraction isolates caffeoylquinic acids from stevia or yerba mate to cut off-tastes and enable edible use.

Specific A3-B3 CEACAM5 binding avoids CEACAM cross-reactivity and enables internalizing antibody conjugates to kill tumor cells.

Hydrophilic-hydrophobic oligonucleotide conjugates self-assemble into nanoparticles that improve hair root cell delivery and suppress androgen receptor expression.

A pyrazole or pyrazoline vasodilator scavenges ROS, blocks peroxynitrite formation, and preserves nitric oxide vessel dilation.

An LLP2A-bisphosphonate conjugate treats osteonecrosis by increasing vascular density, limiting cell death, and helping prevent bone collapse.

NQO1 substrate compounds raise NAD+ and shift macrophages toward oxidative phosphorylation to suppress inflammatory cytokines.

Selective Bcl-xL inhibitor derivatives use tuned BH3-mimetic features to trigger cancer cell apoptosis while managing platelet-related effects.

Defined MSA and sulfate crystal forms improve Compound I stability, solubility, and pH resistance for reproducible isolation and purification.

A multi-compound antiviral composition blocks replication, entry, and release while reducing cytokine storm risk and preserving cellular integrity.

Palovarotene lowers HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA, and cccDNA, addressing rebound risk left by replication-only hepatitis B therapies.

Selective phenyl amino pyrimidine compounds address the JAK2 specificity bottleneck while enabling treatment of cancer, inflammatory, and vascular diseases.

Acetylated serum albumin helps preserve vascular endothelium during prolonged EVLP, reducing edema and vascular resistance.

Hydrophobic methylene violet derivatives improve cellular uptake and mitochondrial protection while reducing cytotoxicity in antioxidant therapy.

Citric acid or saccharin turns deliquescent 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives into stable solids that are easier to handle, store, and manufacture.

A solid-state upadacitinib form enables oral treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and giant cell arteritis while reducing corticosteroid dependence and flares.

Targeted R1-R4 aminosterol modifications extend pharmacokinetic half-life and potency while preserving biological activity for disease treatment.

Ultra-high-dose-rate FLASH radiation paired with therapeutic agents boosts tumor killing while limiting normal tissue toxicity and preserving immune response.

Modified GLP-1R agonists resist DPP-4 degradation to enable oral dosing and prolonged activity for obesity, NASH, and Type 2 diabetes.

Biofilm-forming probiotics in prebiotic microspheres help restore the intestinal mucosal barrier and prevent antibiotic-induced dysbiosis.

Bile acids activate GPR39 through zinc-independent or allosteric pathways, enabling agonist development for GPR39-related disorders.

Shifting cellular metabolism from fatty acid oxidation to glucose oxidation helps reduce fibrotic tissue and preserve organ function.

Targeted or systemic antifibrinolytic delivery restrains fibrinolytic activity after concussion to limit brain tissue damage.

A multi-ingredient natural composition improves glomerular filtration, lowers waste markers, and may delay hemodialysis in CKD care.

Modified 2-methoxyestradiol compounds inhibit fibrotic tissue formation to treat or prevent liver and pulmonary fibrosis.

Baseline and monitored plasma arginine levels help select and adjust arginine deprivation therapy to delay resistance and improve survival.

GalNAc-LNPs improve targeted RNA delivery in receptor-deficient cells by combining lipid self-assembly with hepatocyte-targeting conjugates.

Engineered exosomes deliver nucleic acids and antibodies to tumor-associated macrophages, improving selective M2-to-M1 repolarization for cancer therapy.

Small-molecule USP1 inhibitors expand treatment options by selectively suppressing USP1 activity in cancers linked to DNA repair defects.

Reduced-solubility EFdA diester suspensions extend plasma exposure and sustain HIV suppression for weeks to months after parenteral dosing.

A stealth liposome controls PGI2 agonist release to improve disease-site accumulation, sustain efficacy, and reduce systemic side effects.

Selective IKZF2 degraders lower Treg activity at tumor sites to boost anti-tumor immunity while reducing systemic toxicity.

Localized inhalation of gold compounds targets viral entry and lung inflammation while reducing systemic side effects.

Multiple-dose castanospermine analog regimens cut RSV viral load and inflammation even when treatment is not limited to early exposure.

A sculptured chitosan film supports prostatic neurovascular bundle repair while reducing inflammation, infection risk, incontinence, and erectile dysfunction.

Cannabinoids adsorbed in porous solid carriers improve oral solubility, release stability, and bioavailability for more consistent dosing.

Molecular profiling of RTEL1 variants guides inhibitor use to improve pan-cancer treatment precision while avoiding unnecessary exposure.

Bacteroides enzymes convert salicin into saligenin, enabling microbiome-based IBD treatment through host immunoregulatory modulation.

Stable RAD1901-2HCl polymorphs resist humidity-driven conversion, preserving consistent drug delivery and therapeutic effectiveness in cancer treatment.

Heteroaryl substitutions improve MIF inhibitor solubility, metabolic stability, and pharmacokinetic behavior while preserving inhibitory activity.

A bound lysozyme-chitosan complex inhibits Acanthamoeba adhesion and proliferation, offering a safer alternative to biguanide-based treatments.

Phosphonium salt chromenones improve pharmacological and physicochemical properties while preserving anticancer treatment efficacy.

A reconstituted Trientine liquid dosage form improves swallowing ease and dosing accuracy while maintaining chemical and physical stability.

RNAi agents silence PRNP RNA to lower prion protein levels and slow neurodegenerative disease progression with fewer symptoms.

Mutation-specific gRNAs and AAV9 vectors improve PLN-R14Del editing while sparing wild-type PLN and easing Cas9 delivery limits.

Fused imidazole compounds inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption to reduce bone loss while maintaining bone density.

By stopping CYP2C9 inhibitors before Compound I dosing, this case reduces drug exposure and adverse events in JAK-responsive treatment.

A biodegradable in situ leuprolide depot sustains ovarian suppression and lowers estradiol during endocrine therapy for HR-positive breast cancer.

Epicardial-derived factors such as hypoglycosylated FSTL1 help repair ischemic heart tissue by boosting cardiomyocyte survival, vascularization, and limiting fibrosis.

A defined crystalline Form C balances stability, solubility, and manufacturability for oral NMDA modulator solid dosage forms.

An enteric NMN capsule protects against gastric acid, then releases in the intestine to improve flora balance and support mucosal barrier function.

A quinolone composition for IBS-D aims to improve symptom control while avoiding the side effects seen with existing IBS treatments.

A 5% minoxidil and low-dose finasteride foam or liniment speeds alopecia treatment while improving efficacy and reducing irritation.

Polymer-coated praziquantel granules and co-granulated moxidectin improve taste masking, stability, and bioavailability in veterinary tablets.

Combining N-acetylcysteine with nicotinamide riboside helps address oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction linked to brain energy deficits.

A PDE10 inhibitor offers an alternative to neuroleptics by reducing Tourette tics and related neurobehavioral disorders with fewer side effects.

Novel uracil derivatives inhibit coronavirus 3CL protease to block viral replication while supporting broader strain coverage through scaffold variation.

Modified dsRNA with phosphorothioate linkages and nucleotide changes improves PRNP mRNA silencing for prion disease treatment.

Buffer exchange to pH 4.5-6.9 before lyophilization helps nucleic-acid lipid nanoparticles retain storage stability and gene delivery after rehydration.

Macrocyclic FKBP51 binders use targeted substituents to preserve affinity and selectivity while lowering molecular weight and lipophilicity.

Non-hormonal agents modulate ovarian cell polypeptides to suppress ovulation while reducing side-effects and dosing inconvenience.

Controlled hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin purification removes propylene glycol, endotoxin, and unsubstituted species for chronic CNS dosing.

Dual IRAK1/IRAK4 inhibition counters compensatory IRAK1 activation and improves sustained treatment response in AML and MDS.

A 1-aminomethylisochroman compound series broadens CNS treatment beyond positive symptoms to target cognitive impairment and apathy.

Co-loaded STING and TLR4 agonists in nanoparticles activate APC and NK responses to attack dormant tumor cells and limit metastasis.

Small-molecule SAE inhibitors block overactive sumoylation, restore type 1 interferon expression, and support cancer therapy development.

Small molecules tuned to enhance SIRT6 deacylase activity help lower LDL and triglycerides, improve glucose tolerance, and inhibit fibrosis.

Selective CDK2 inhibitor compounds use active-site binding to regulate cell-cycle progression and prevent aberrant DNA replication in cancer.

A modified-release oral minoxidil formulation sustains serum exposure for hair regrowth while reducing peak concentrations tied to adverse effects.

Selective CDK7 inhibitors improve kinase specificity and suppress resistant cancer cell proliferation, including triple-negative breast cancer.

Novel pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives balance IRAK4 potency with solubility, stability, and lower hERG off-target risk.

Antisense oligomers promote skipping of SETD5 NMD exons to raise productive mRNA and functional protein expression in deficiency-related disease.

A thick biodegradable membrane reservoir enables zero-order subcutaneous drug release for 60+ days with a flat PK profile and minimal tail.

Novel dihydroisoxazole compounds inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis while reducing mitochondrial-linked myelosuppression risk.

Synthetic ddhNTP derivatives clarify P2 receptor activation while enabling host defense modulation, tissue regeneration, and anti-infective use.

Novel Formula I compounds extend HIV dosing intervals while maintaining efficacy against drug-resistant variants.

Nebulized liposomal amikacin improves lung delivery and symptom relief in newly diagnosed MAC infection while reducing systemic toxicity.

Using PEG lipids at 87%+ purity in LNP formulations reduces immune recognition and blood clearance, enabling repeated dosing with maintained activity.

pH control, antioxidants, and metal chelators suppress ESA and D-epinephrine formation to extend epinephrine shelf life.

HPβCD depletes cellular cholesterol to reverse EMT, improve cancer therapy sensitivity, and reduce metastasis with fewer side effects.

Targeted pyrrolopyrimidine scaffolds vary substituents to improve ITK inhibition and expand treatment options for inflammatory disease.

Selective HER2 inhibitor zongertinib penetrates the blood-brain barrier to shrink CNS metastases while maintaining manageable safety.

Nebulized low molecular weight heparin targets cancer therapy lung damage to reduce inflammation, fibrosis, and coagulation without systemic bleeding risk.

Irreversible mutant EGFR inhibitors use pyrrolopyridine derivatives to address exon20 insertion activity and poor brain permeability in cancer treatment.

A defined HSPC, memory T cell, and Treg graft composition improves engraftment while limiting naïve T cells to reduce GVHD.

A Formula 1 compound enhances neuronal transmission and long-term potentiation to improve memory, cognition, and learning decline.

A segmented trigger and blocking mechanism lowers firing force while preventing accidental injection and component binding in compact injectors.

Targeting HAS2 and ITGA6 with inhibitory compounds suppresses hepatic stellate cell activation and reduces fibrogenic markers in liver fibrosis.

Reducing or eliminating BTK targets PLCγ2-activated resistant cells, disrupting signaling in cancers and immune disorders.

Covalent crosslinking of polysaccharide hydrogel capsules improves capsule integrity and reduces foreign body response in implanted devices.

High-elasticity non-cross-linked hyaluronan reduces joint pain by buffering mechanical forces and lowering TRPV1-driven nociceptor activity.

A staged synthesis of substituted tetrahydrofuran compounds enables selective Nav1.8 blockade for neuropathic pain with fewer adverse effects.

Pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms of Compound 1 improve solubility, stability, and bioavailability through defined crystalline forms.

Cholesterol-linked sulfated quercetin dimers improve half-life and oral bioavailability while selectively inhibiting cancer stem cells.

A self-emulsifying oil-surfactant composition improves Compound (I) solubility, oral bioavailability, storage stability, and dosage-form flexibility.

ASOs target internal exons or silencing elements to switch transcription and control specific mRNA isoforms while preserving useful gene expression.

Targeting Tyk2 with imidazopyridazine compounds helps modulate IL-12, IL-23, and IFNα signaling for autoimmune and inflammatory disease treatment.

An SBEβCD inclusion complex with bicarbonate overcomes meloxicam's poor solubility to improve oral absorption and speed pain relief.

Structural changes create an IV benzodiazepine sedative with lower effective doses, tissue esterase metabolism, and faster recovery.

Neutral liposomes deliver nuclease-resistant P-ethoxy oligonucleotides to suppress IGF-1R expression with lower toxicity.

Modified mesenchymal stem cells home to tumors and transfer inhibitory oligonucleotides to cancer cells through gap junctions or exosomes.

Combining DGAT2 and ACC inhibitors addresses limited NAFLD/NASH treatment options by reducing liver fat, inflammation, and fibrosis.

Plant-derived Agastache rugosa extract inhibits osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption without estrogen dependence, supporting bone density.

A benzimidazole FLT3 inhibitor case showing how scaffold and substituent tuning improves AML treatment potency and target selectivity.

α-Cyclodextrin boosts Bacteroides uniformis in the gut to improve endurance, reduce fatigue, and suppress exercise heart rate.

Xylitol lipid analogs block RSV entry and inhibit TLR over-activation, reducing inflammation while extending lung activity beyond POPG.

Designed molecules disrupt the MCR-modified outer membrane to restore colistin sensitivity, lower dosage, and retain low toxicity.

A topical hyaluronic acid copper complex relieves endometriosis pain while reducing opioid reliance, tolerance, and long-term treatment limits.

A PVA-based moisture barrier coating enables high-load ribociclib succinate tablets to resist cracking while keeping immediate release and stability.

Soluble derivatized chitosan reduces biofilm viscosity or dissolves preformed biofilms, helping clear persistent infections in body cavities.

Patient-specific atogepant dosing addresses CYP3A4, OATP, renal, and hepatic constraints while preserving preventive migraine efficacy.

A cellulose-polymer-mannitol formulation keeps therapeutic microparticles suspended during IV injection, reducing settling, clumping, and blockage risk.

Selective mPGES-1 inhibition with indole carboxamide derivatives blocks PGE2 production while avoiding the cardiovascular risks linked to COX-2 inhibitors.

Selective USP19 inhibitor compounds address the toxicity and poor selectivity of proteasome inhibitors while preserving therapeutic efficacy.

Microenvironmental pH control with acidifying agents improves raltegravir solubility, stability, and oral bioavailability in solid dosage forms.

Selective pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine HPK1 antagonists inhibit kinase activity to boost anti-tumor immunity while limiting off-target effects.

Small-molecule NLRP3 modulator sulfonamides address biologic safety and compliance limits while supporting multiple sclerosis treatment.

Low-pH crosslinkable agents plus microneedling improve skin penetration, then form retained intradermal crosslinked material within 1 hour.

Chiral tartaric acid esters form separable salts that deliver >97% ee for this naphthyridine carboxamide using standard crystallization and filtration.

Blocking ULK3 disrupts autophagy in multiple myeloma and breast cancer, reducing tumor burden even in chemotherapy-resistant cases.

An oleaginous skin preparation uses C16-C20 alcohols or synthetic squalane to stabilize an aniline derivative and improve transdermal uptake with low irritation.

Combining KRAS inhibitors with TGFβ pathway blockers helps prevent EMT-driven resistance and sustain tumor suppression in KRAS-mutant PDAC.

Controlled oral minoxidil release sustains therapeutic serum levels for hair regrowth while reducing rapid absorption and peak-related adverse effects.

Small molecules bind ATXN3 pre-mRNA to shift splicing, lower full-length Ataxin-3, and help delay Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3 progression.

Targeted GM-CSF neutralization treats HLH/MAS while avoiding the toxicity of broad immunosuppression and improving key blood markers.

A gel-lipid formulation stays solid at room temperature but dispenses at moderate heat, enabling tailored solid API doses with less waste.

Controlled particle size and viscosity keep allopurinol suspension stable, rapidly redispersible, and accurate to dose for 24 months.

Targeting NOTCH3+ cells before or during chemotherapy can restore chemosensitivity in TNBC and reduce recurrence driven by resistant stem-like cells.

Specific small molecules modulate Cot protein expression or activity to address inflammatory disease and cancer treatment gaps.

Selective Helios degradation via the Cullin4-Cereblon complex weakens Treg-mediated tumor suppression while preserving immune homeostasis.

Optimized SIRPαFc dose schedules and combinations improve CD47+ cancer treatment efficacy and survival across monotherapy and combination use.

Separate powdered tetracaine and dilute local anesthetic are mixed at use to extend analgesia beyond 24 hours while limiting toxicity.

ACK inhibitors such as ITK or BTK blockers reduce GVHD severity while preserving graft-versus-leukemia activity and limiting steroid exposure.

A cleavable GalNAc conjugate boosts hepatocyte uptake while preserving antisense activity and limiting kidney exposure.

Combining FGFR4 inhibitors with a PPAR alpha agonist helps suppress CYP7A1, normalize bile acids, and reduce liver toxicity and diarrhea.

Modified-release mGlu5 NAM salt formulations relieve trigeminal neuralgia while avoiding the side effects that limit anticonvulsants and antidepressants.

Azaquinolinone compounds improve PARP1 selectivity over PARP2, reducing hematotoxicity while preserving efficacy in BRCA-mutated cells.

New compounds overcome virus resistance by merging therapeutic functions into single molecules to simplify treatment regimens.

Modified albicidin derivatives resolve the contradiction between high lipophilicity and low solubility to treat resistant bacterial infections.

Formula I compound acts as a GABAA receptor regulator to achieve antidepressant effects within 24 hours, addressing the slow onset of conventional treatments.

Co-administering ritonavir with taxanes blocks P-glycoprotein efflux pumps to restore intracellular drug concentration in resistant cancer cells.

Merging synthesis steps into a continuous sequence reduces manufacturing costs while maintaining high product purity.

Di-substituted pyrazole compounds inhibit SREBP translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

Targeted sequencing detects DDR2 mutations to resolve diagnostic specificity gaps and enable precise kinase inhibitor therapy.

N-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl) benzamide inhibits MASTL kinase to arrest cancer cell mitosis with low normal cell toxicity.

Formulating pemafibrate with neutral to basic carriers raises the pH to 7 or more, preventing decomposition and ensuring storage stability.

Tricyclic heterocycle compounds inhibit the Notch signaling pathway while resolving metabolic stability and bioavailability trade-offs.

Reducing NOX2 activity lowers tumor reactive oxygen species, enhancing NK cell infiltration to treat metastatic melanoma.

Replacing mechanical resistance loading, a miR-199a-3p composition promotes muscle regeneration via LIN28B and Suz12 regulation.

Inositol derivatives inhibit primary calciprotein particle maturation, reducing vascular calcification risk in chronic kidney disease patients.

Evening flibanserin dosing improves sexual desire in post-menopausal women while minimizing sedation side effects via periodic action principles.

Salt-inducible kinase inhibitors target the SOST gene to enhance osteoblast function and increase bone mass.

Combines ibudilast with interferon-beta to treat progressive multiple sclerosis.

Optimizing stability and solubility through distinct polymorphic structures resolves formulation complexity for immunomodulator applications.

Novel pyridylaminoacetic acid compound acts as an EP2 receptor agonist to deliver bronchodilatory effects.

Novel inhaled JAK kinase inhibitors accumulate in lung tissue to deliver potent anti-inflammatory activity directly at the site of respiratory disease.

A condensed-ring pyrimidylamino derivative inhibits anaplastic lymphoma kinase through specific molecular binding.

Infusing allogeneic lymphocytes depleted of CD8+ T cells provides exogenous help to endogenous tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells.

Compounds form covalent bonds with cysteine residue at position 12 of mutant K-Ras proteins to lock switch II into an inactive state.

Heteroaryl substituted aminopyridine compounds inhibit IRAK-4 to improve disease modulation while reducing side effects in inflammatory treatments.

Beta-blocker therapy addresses inadequate congenital heart defect treatments by inducing cardiomyocyte cytokinesis to reduce long-term heart failure risk.

Administering specific microRNAs like miR-135 regulates serotonin synthesis genes, addressing low response rates in current antidepressant therapies.

Heterocyclic compounds modulate gamma secretase to reduce amyloid beta production, addressing the root cause of Alzheimer's disease progression.

Methacrylate copolymers limit intramolecular autocondensation in baclofen formulations, preventing lactam formation and extending shelf life.

Serum amyloid P agonists reduce dense fibrotic stroma barriers, enabling chemotherapeutic agents to penetrate and treat resistant cancers effectively.

Chromatographic separation isolates the C-1 gentamicin congener to reduce nephrotoxicity while retaining antibacterial efficacy.

A topical tranexamic acid composition delivers high drug concentrations directly to wound sites using a viscous aqueous vehicle.

Oral egg-yolk protein hydrolysate stimulates VEGF, FGF-7, and IGF-1 production in dermal papilla cells to promote hair regrowth.

Genetic inhibitors disrupt pflB gene expression to block pyruvate formate lyase activity in gut microbiota.

A modified monosaccharide compound selectively targets tumoral cells to reduce tumor volume through metabolic assimilation.

Local quality modifications on the amide core enhance H3 receptor selectivity while suppressing off-target MCH-1 activity.

Modifying the AAV8 VP1 region boosts infection efficiency in marginal cells, resolving low delivery rates that limit hearing loss treatments.

Double-stranded RNA agents inhibit glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 expression via RNA interference mechanisms.

IgG B11 antibody targets ICAM-1 to induce tumor cell death, reducing toxicity from conventional chemotherapy.

Roller compaction transforms quercetin powder into high-density material with improved flow properties.

Targeting BMI1 removes cancer stem cells that evade immune responses, enabling PD-1 blockade to recruit CD8+ T cells and prevent tumor relapse.

Anti-HIDE1 antibodies block inhibitory signaling on immune cells, overcoming T cell exhaustion to enhance cancer treatment efficacy.

4-aminoisoindoline-1,3-dione compounds inhibit diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell growth through selective molecular targeting.

2-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-7-amine derivatives inhibit ROR1 tyrosine kinase to induce apoptosis in cancer cells.

Indole-ketones cross the blood-brain barrier to inhibit neuronal nitric oxide synthase, reducing neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease.

Segmenting blood draws over 72 hours via a portable aphaeretic system increases circulating tumor cell yield while maintaining patient safety.

Modified cancer cells lacking diffusible factors exploit wild-type production to reduce tumor size while preventing resistance evolution.

Periodic pridopidine administration modulates dopamine transmission and acetylcholine levels to treat cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease.

Segmented branched linkers attach multiple antitumor drugs to antibodies, resolving the contradiction between blood stability and treatment efficacy.

Combining Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant formula.

A disposable nebulizer uses a retractable needle to adjust compressed gas pressure and generate 1-10 micrometer aerosol droplets.