A covered resistance layer discharges pyroelectric charges in laminated piezoelectric elements to maintain polarization and prevent migration.
A piezoelectric drive circuit uses separate voltage and discharge paths to remove residual current from the element.
Segmented exterior layers isolate the active area from a resistance layer, preventing short circuits and polarization degradation.
Control unit applies driving signals to piezoelectric elements with positive electrode voltage equal to or greater than negative electrode voltage.
Adjusting sealing plate deformation per nozzle suppresses discharge characteristic dispersion caused by piezoelectric element variations.
A piezoelectric device aligns element placement with silicon crystal orientation to optimize diaphragm displacement efficiency.
A drive circuit segments current paths into parallel switches to distribute voltages across piezoelectric loads.
Alternating polarity driving waveform prevents oxygen deficiency buildup in piezoelectric layers, extending element lifespan.