A rebalancing system circulates electrolyte through a separate cell with an anion exchange membrane to restore iron oxidation states.
A PEM fuel cell stack supplies power during startup and shutdown of high temperature systems.
Microporous polymer membranes paired with oligomeric redox-active materials block active-material crossover while maintaining high ionic conductivity.
A compact hydrogen generator system integrates electrolysis, storage, and fuel cell components within a single casing for simplified deployment.
Rough bipolar plate grooves promote electrolyte turbulence, enhancing diffusion and reducing unreacted discharge in redox flow batteries.