Method and system for detecting user behavior and external environment change by using capacitive sensing principle

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and system for detecting a user behavior and an external environment change by using a capacitive sensing principle. The system comprises: at least one article; at least one conductive region, which is arranged on the article or a body; and a circuit for providing a signal, wherein a capacitive sensor is provided between the at least one conductive region of the article and the body, or between the at least one conductive region of the article and another article, or between the at least one conductive region of the article and an environment, such that a physiological change and posture change of the body, the interaction between the body and the article or environment, and a change between the article and another article or environment are detected, thereby detecting a user behavior and a change in the external environment, and capturing the activity of an individual and a related interactive article or capturing a change in the surrounding environment of the individual or the article.

Description

As can be seen from Table 6, shoe sole capacitance and ball interior capacitance values increase as force increases. Similarly, both shoe soles and uppers have conductive materials, so locations where shoes receive external forces and force magnitudes thereof can be imagined, which can be applied to football sports. Simultaneously, footballs also have many conductive regions and controllers, so footballs can also know which position receives force, the magnitude and direction of the received force, how far force effects will make it travel, and can also incorporate GPS and acceleration sensors inside, so that traveling trajectories and directions of balls can be known. Football nets also have conductive electrodes and controllers, so it can be known whether footballs enter the net or hit goal net railings, because hardnesses and materials of the two differ. If blocked or grasped by defending players, capacitive sensing signals on defending players will generate strong information, thus making it possible to imagine movement relationships among all personnel on football fields. Basketballs and backboards are like shoe soles and floors; basketball electrodes colliding with backboards cause team basketball capacitance to change greatly; hitting metal rims causes controllers inside basketballs to measure stronger capacitance reactions; entering nets causes induction of capacitance to change, but not as instantaneous signals because basketballs hitting backboards or rims involve impact forces, and if basketball nets have conductive materials, such capacitance changes become even more obvious. When scoring via edge shots (rim grazers) or direct slam dunks, the difference between the two is that slam dunks involve hands directly driving balls into basketball nets with very short times, while basketballs stay with hands for a long time and nets for a very short time, and during slam dunks, hands contact rims while human movement actions differ truly greatly, with slam dunks requiring lifting both legs by human height whereas edge shots only involve smoothly rhythmically delivering basketballs into basketball nets. If backboards are also provided with conductive regions and controllers, then backboards themselves can react and have synchronized change relationships with basketball controllers; similarly, even without controllers on football nets, relationships between footballs and football nets can be measured because principles are all the same. That is, combining basketball player actions, basketball actions, and backboard reactions reveals how whole event effects are. Of course, when basketballs do not hit backboards and enter rims, but instead fall to the ground, basketballs only react during flight processes in the air and upon hitting the ground. Similarly, interaction relationships among football players, footballs, and football frames help understand athletic behaviours and effects of football players. Conductive regions of basketballs can be made of conductive materials, such as conductive plastics, conductive rubbers, or having conductive materials on, in, or inside balls, such as coating, attaching, printing, or sewing. The same applies to other balls, such as footballs, volleyballs, rugby balls, baseballs, etc. Meanwhile, related nets can also have conductive regions and sensing circuits, such as basketball nets, backboards, football nets, volleyball nets, etc. That is, related sports products can all have conductive regions, such as baseball bats and athletic ground surfaces. This can generate athletic data of athletes and related activity processes, producing understanding of individual and group behaviour formation, representation, computational modelling, analysis, learning, simulation, and behavioural impact, utility, un-occurring behaviours, etc., for behavioural intervention and management. During baseball player sliding actions, both feet do not leave the ground, but body centers of gravity shift, causing such capacitance values between shoe soles and ground surfaces to decrease. Sliding methods include pop-up slides (a type of runner sliding method referring to runners sliding directly toward bases to prepare for advancing and getting up at the earliest moment if fielders fail to securely catch balls, enabling immediate base running). Hook slides (a type of runner sliding method referring to runners sliding and hooking bases with rear feet to avoid fielder tags). Athletic behaviours of such baseball players can all be known, and interaction relationships among shoes, bodies, and the ground can also be known, especially when bases are also provided with conductive regions and control systems and when baseballs or bats have conductive regions, the entire baseball game process can have flawless records and analyses. Basketball, football, and rugby game processes can all have wonderful footage, records, and analyses, and in addition, whether violations occur can also be known, all of which are presented in a capacitive sensing manner. In addition, for snowboards when skiing, if purely boards alone, capacitance changes between feet and shoes or shoes and snowboards and detecting conductive regions at board bottoms like shoe soles are needed to measure skiing gait; ski snowboards in the air do not touch snow, while on snow, snowboards can be divided into front and rear, left and right conductive regions to measure skiing behaviour patterns; simultaneously during dualsnowboard skiing, as well as sleds, hand-holding situations above sleds, and capacitive interaction relationships between sled bottoms and snow, whole-body skiing athletic capacitance change data can be obtained. For example, for skiing beginners, falling is "inevitable", so safe falling techniques are very important. Activities of individuals and related interacting items can be measured according to changes in capacitive sensing values, or surrounding environment changes of individuals or items can be captured; activities of individuals and related interacting items or capturing surrounding environment changes of individuals or items mentioned here can be illustrated via gait analysis, for example: gait analysis generated using socks, shoes, or insoles, including action and reaction forces among joints on the body, and changes generated by sensors at other positions such as chests and abdomens. In short, items near bodies and body electrodes affected by walking will all generate information detected by sensors on items or bodies, specifically including: action and reaction forces between dual feet or single feet and ground surfaces, and simultaneously analysing reactions of all items on the whole body (e.g., clothes, hats, bags, glasses, watches, mobile phones, handbags, or trousers) when having capacitive sensors, so that the impact caused by forces under different gait situations on each joint and other items with electrodes on the body or body electrodes themselves can be known. These can all be analysed by sensing values of sensing electrodes on bodies themselves or items at related positions. This is information caused by feet stepping on ground; similarly, it can also be changes in sensing capacitance values of whole-body joints and items with sensors or body electrodes generated when hands or other parts exert external forces, for example: throwing balls with hands, boxing, weightlifting, playing baseball, badminton, tennis, or body impacts with other items or people, for example: colliding with others, suppressing others, jumping into water, or rolling in the air, generating capacitive sensor changes; of course, external forces are also included, for example: external people using hands or feet against items at certain body parts, or body electrodes themselves or nearby items, for example: clothes and trousers also including things at the same positions, for example: gloves, waist supports, backpacks having capacitive sensors. Under the same situation, sensing value changes of body electrodes themselves or nearby item sensors generated when hit by cars, beaten by sticks, or struck by stones on the body can occur. That is, capacitive sensing changes between body electrodes and other item sensors are generated due to force application or reception; of course, it can also be capacitive sensing value changes caused by external people or animals exerting force on body electrodes or items near bodies, capturing surrounding environment changes of individuals or items, referring here to surrounding changes, for example: rain, sunshine, snow, air-conditioned rooms, underwater, air, earthquakes, riding elevators, going up and down stairs, walking on beaches, on lawns, crowded buses, air quality in working environments, noise, sewage, sludge, radiation, etc., generating capacitive sensing of bodies themselves or items. Essentials: 1. Rapidly lower body centers of gravity, landing with outer thighs and lower-waist buttock sides to prevent falling forward. 2. Simultaneously lift both poles and forcefully straighten both legs; in addition, there is also full-braking stop technology: (1) Gliding in a direct descent posture; (2) placing forces on heels, with two snowboards forming a figure-eight, gravity falling on forward positions between both feet, pushing snowboard rears outward, exerting force on inner edges to carve snow surfaces and gradually applying force until snowboard speeds stop. 3. Bodies bend lower following the pushing out of snowboards (including knees). 4. Both knee joints bend and buckle inward, but knees have no inward pinching actions. 5. If centers of gravity are biased backward, snow-scraping actions of snowboard fronts will be less obvious. In this way, skiing behaviour patterns can be detected, analysed, and behaviour models established. If a single board, there will be two pairs of shoes on one board, and capacitance changes between feet and shoes plus capacitance changes between boards and snow can similarly measure skiing behaviour patterns. If 4 wheels are under boards, each wheel is a conductive electrode, which can similarly measure behaviour patterns. Ice skates, also called ice-skating shoes, slide using principles of reducing friction, usually designed with a thin blade added to shoe soles, making shoes very easy to move back and forth on ice surfaces. Thus we can have multiple conductive regions inside shoes, measuring capacitance value changes generated by shoe interior electrodes receiving foot movement changes, or having a small conductor near front and rear of blades to measure capacitance changes between two conductors and snow, which can also measure ice skate movement changes, and simultaneously connecting clothes and trouser items on the body to measure sensing capacitance to measure user ice skate blade behaviour patterns. To explain again, soil moisture has a great impact on soil dielectric properties: the dielectric constant of water is 88.2 (0°C), the dielectric constant of air is about 1, soil particle dielectric constants are 3-7, and ice dielectric constants are 3.27. When sliding actions do not leave feet off the ground but body centers of gravity shift, capacitance values between such shoe soles and ground surfaces will decrease; in addition, for snowboards when skiing, if purely boards alone, capacitive sensing changes between feet and shoes or shoes and snowboards and detecting conductive regions at board bottoms like shoe soles are needed to measure skiing gait, ski snowboards in the air do not touch snow, while on snow, snowboards can be divided into front and rear, left and right conductive regions to measure gait behaviour analysis, and simultaneously during dual-snowboard skiing, as well as sleds, hand-holding situations above sleds, and capacitive interaction relationships between sled bottoms and snow, whole-body skiing athletic capacitance change data can be obtained, for example, for skiing beginners, falling is "inevitable", so safe falling techniques are very important. Essentials: 1. Rapidly lower body centers of gravity, landing with outer thighs and lower-waist buttock sides to prevent falling forward. 2. Simultaneously lift both poles and forcefully straighten both legs. In addition, fullbraking stop technology: (1) gliding in direct descent postures; (2) placing forces on heels, with two snowboards forming figure-eights, gravity falling on forward positions between both feet, pushing snowboard rears outward, exerting force on inner edges to carve snow surfaces and gradually applying force until snowboard speeds stop. 3. Bodies bend lower following pushing out of snowboards (including knees). 4. Both knee joints bend and buckle inward, but knees have no inward pinching actions. 5. If centers of gravity are biased backward, snow-scraping actions of snowboard fronts will be less obvious. In this way, skiing behaviour patterns can be detected; if single boards, there will be two pairs of shoes on one board, and capacitance changes between feet and shoes plus capacitance changes between boards and snow can similarly measure skiing behaviour patterns. If 4 wheels under boards, each wheel is a conductive electrode, which can similarly measure behaviour patterns. Ice skates, also called ice-skating shoes, slide using principles of reducing friction, usually designed with thin blade added to shoe soles, making shoes very easy to move back and forth on ice surfaces. Thus we can have multiple conductive regions inside shoes, using blades as reference grounds to measure capacitance value changes generated by shoe interior electrodes receiving foot movement changes, or having a small conductor near front and rear of blades to measure capacitance changes between two pieces and snow, which can also measure ice skate movement changes, and simultaneously connecting items on the body to measure capacitance to measure user ice skate blade behaviour patterns. The above embodiments are used to illustrate capacitance changes generated during mutual contact processes between users and reference grounds, while simultaneously knowing environment changes such as user soil, carpet tiles, or roads. Embodiment 6: Humans wear clothes from birth; someone holds an infant with hands, with two pieces of conductive material (e.g., silver fabric) outside clothes, divided into two hands directly holding the infant, so that the infant's weight directly presses on both hands, mainly reading capacitive coupling between both hands and conductive silver fabric, approximately 10nF, with variation amounts proportional to infant weight and movement, furthermore being 1nF variation values. If conductive material is in the middle of baby clothes, capacitive coupling between both hands and infants is measured, approximately 1400pF, with variation amounts of about 400pF; if thickness between hands and clothes increases, e.g., when infants wear padded cotton coats, about 1100pF is measured, and it is mainly capacitive coupling between infants and conductive electrodes, with variation amounts of about 100pF. When infants sweat or experience urinary incontinence, measured capacitance values also increase a lot; if urine-wet trousers, nappies should be changed accordingly, so clothes will also be lifted, meaning hands are no longer on infants but infants are placed on beds to change nappies, generating different capacitance changes between hands and clothes and between clothes and infants, so that sudden heavy increases in infant capacitance values can be used to predict urine wetting. If correct, nappies will be changed, presenting antecedents and consequences, and it can also be understood whether people nearby come to change nappies after infant urine wetting, with changing speeds and rhythms also revealing whether family members are confident or changing for the first time. In addition, when infants are held on bodies, numerical values of respiration sensing electrodes at my chest or abdomen will increase; similarly, when carried on backs, capacitance values of electrode pieces measuring spine curvature behind clothes will increase; similarly, interaction relationships between users and animals are also the same, e.g., cat and dog interactions with humans, cats lying on bodies, dogs licking hands, etc., generating capacitance effects. Embodiment 7: If waking up at night without clothes on the body, capacitance value changes cannot be measured on the upper body, but underwear (panties) should be worn, because after waking up, buttock capacitance values will become smaller; if wearing capacitive sensing slippers, whether electrodes are made in shoe soles or insoles, foot actions can be measured and generate capacitance changes. Waking up at night to go to the toilet should involve taking off underwear, generating effects of not wearing trousers, and after urinating, underwear is put back on, generating capacitance changes of wearing trousers. During this process, because it is standing urination and sitting defecation, slippers on foot bottoms also feature different capacitance changes. Capacitance values when standing are the same as daytime, while sitting on toilets places gravity on toilets, causing slipper capacitance values to become much smaller. After finishing, standing up again restores slipper and foot capacitance values, and then walking back to beds, lying down to sleep, at which time buttock capacitance values recover while slipper capacitance values disappear. This series of activities also has antecedent and consequent relationships; if they happen every night and frequencies increase, it indicates health and lifestyle (work life) problems. Synthesizing data of Table 5 and Table 6, it can be known that the capacitive sensing structure of the present invention can quantify interaction forces between items (spheres) and entities (human hands, foot bottoms): hand gripping ball force (Table 5: 55pF at 0kg, 124.8pF at 20kg) and shoe stepping on ball force (Table 6: 20pF at 0kg, 67pF at 20kg) both present positive correlations with capacitance values. This data also proves that the present invention can be applied to scenarios such as sports training (determining ball sport hitting force, ball gripping posture) and health management (determining foot force balance). Label DD (ball) in FIG. 1 corresponds to the entity type of the aforementioned ball interaction sensing. In one embodiment, the entity comprises footwear (including at least one of soles, insoles, or shoe bodies), on which at least one conductive region is disposed, to detect contact pressure distribution, gait characteristics, or wearing states between human feet and footwear. In another embodiment, the entity comprises tyres, on which at least one conductive region is disposed, to detect contact area changes, ground material characteristics, or tyre force states between tyres and the ground, and estimate road conditions via capacitance changes of tyre ground contact areas without additionally installing independent force sensors. In another embodiment, both shoe soles and uppers are provided with conductive materials, which can sense positions and forces of external forces received by shoe bodies, suitable for gait and force analysis of athletic shoes. Spherical items (such as footballs, basketballs) can also be provided with conductive regions to measure sphere force-receiving positions, force magnitudes, and directions; if combined with conductive structures on nets or rims, contact events such as balls entering nets or hitting rims can be further determined, realizing complete interaction state detection of sports items. According to changes in capacitive sensing data, activity states of individuals and related interacting items can be measured; taking gait analysis as an example: conductive regions on socks, shoes, or insoles can detect action and reaction forces between dual feet and the ground, and combined with sensing data of other body parts (such as chest, abdomen), force states and gait characteristics of each joint can be comprehensively analysed, thereby determining movement modes and physical interaction states of wearers. In embodiments of skiing or ice-skating sports, conductive regions on footwear or snowboards can detect foot force changes and contact states with the ground (snow surfaces, ice surfaces), and cooperate with capacitive sensing data of other body parts to assist in analysing athletic behaviour characteristics and gait modes of skiing or ice-skating. In another embodiment, when users hold items provided with conductive regions with both hands, capacitive sensing structures are formed between hands and conductive regions, and capacitance values change accordingly with item weight, contact areas, or relative position changes, which can be used to detect holding states and relative force changes of items. Embodiment 8: When wearing loose short-sleeve clothes, as long as there are two pieces of conductive material in front and rear of sleeves, with areas of about 10x10 cm each front and rear, when hands move forward, contact areas with front conductive fabric will increase while rear conductive fabric decreases, so that forward or backward movement of arms can be measured, as shown in FIG. 18 which is a waveform chart of front-rear swinging of arms, for example, when my hands are lowered and motionless, front pieces measure: 44pF, hand raised 30 degrees: 66pF, 60 degrees: 88pF, 90 degrees: 122pF, while rear pieces have corresponding responses of 57pF, 54pF, 49pF, and 43pF. If arms move outward, contact areas of these two conductive materials will both increase, but increased values will not be too large because contact areas between arms and both pieces decrease a little; in addition, if clothes worn are uneven, raising hands to 90 degrees will cause panel capacitance values to increase to 90pF due to movement effects of clothes themselves, so relationships between clothes and humans can be known. Wearing loose trousers has similar effects for front panels: 30pF at 0 degrees, 60pF at 30 degrees, 100pF at 60 degrees, 115pF at 90 degrees, increasing and becoming obvious when moving forward, but decreasing to 27pF or no longer appearing when moving backward because front panels have no contact change effects with legs when moving backward, whereas rear panels are on buttocks and thus also increase when moving forward due to buttock contact, similar to form-fitting trousers increasing rather than decreasing, measuring 80pF when standing, 120pF at 30 degrees, 230pF at 60 degrees, 300pF at 90 degrees, and 700pF when sitting on chairs. Lifting legs backward also increases because contact areas increase, e.g., 80pF when standing, 140pF backward 30 degrees, 166pF at 60 degrees, 200pF at 90 degrees, and when bodies tilt outward, i.e., when thighs move horizontally, front and rear panels both increase, e.g., rear panel outward 15 degrees: 130pF, 30 degrees: 200pF, but tilting to the other side yields little change because counter electrodes of front and rear panels do not contact skin, as shown in FIG. 19, which is a waveform chart generated when human bodies walk wearing shorts with thighs contacting conductive materials. As in Embodiment 9, when we use elbows as an embodiment, when wearing capacitive sensing garments, using neck fabric closely adhering as a reference electrode, straight elbows measure 100pF, fully bent 245pF; using skin-attached electrodes as reference grounds, straight elbows measure 104pF, fully bent 248pF, with both showing little difference, representing that conductive fabrics or metal materials can replace patch electrodes; in addition, elbow electrodes are 10x10 cm, with skin electrodes of the same area at the same positions, and capacitance values of straight elbows are 1500pF, fully bent 90nF; if elbow electrode patches are shifted by half area, straight elbows measure 600pF, fully bent 45nF, as shown in Table 7, which shows capacitance changes of fabric electrodes, patch electrodes, and skin electrodes with elbow fabrics under external forces: As shown in Table 7, differences exist between measured values of skin electrodes and fabric electrodes, which can serve as an example for comparing different electrode configurations. The aforementioned data illustrates that skin electrodes can serve as one implementation manner of reference electrodes, and can assist in judging measurement differences generated by position shifts or wearing looseness of fabric electrodes. In some embodiments, systems can adjust measurement references among preset reference positions to improve measurement stability. TABLE 7 Elbow Electrode Configuration Extension (Straight) Full Flexion Conductive silver fabric 100 pF 245 pF Patch electrode 104 pF 248 pF Skin electrode at elbow centre 1500 pF 90 nF Skin electrode shifted by half 600 pF 45 nF Thus, capacitance values of skin electrodes and elbow electrodes can be used to adjust elbow positions on clothes, and by the same token, positions of clothes, trousers, socks, gloves, hats, masks, ear muffs, shoes, skirts, artificial hands, artificial feet, different limbs, belts, waist belts, backpacks, waist bags, glasses, mountaineering bags, helmets, metaverse headwear, etc., on all parts of the body can be adjusted, thereby obtaining better behaviour patterns and analysis, because database data are all very accurate data, which can measure behaviour detection and analysis processing with external conductive electrodes. This is an effect generated by interactions between items such as clothes and electrodes on the skin. Skin electrodes themselves can also have control circuits used to sense capacitance changes of outer clothes, etc.; skin electrodes themselves generate capacitance changes when bodies bend causing skin electrodes to stretch or contract, respiration causing skin electrodes to expand or contract, external environment pressures or tensions, environment temperatures or humidity, and body humidity or temperature changes, so capacitance changes at different body parts can be measured, and capacitance changes with other positions can also be measured simultaneously (e.g., left leg lifted onto right leg, left hand placed in front of chest, etc.), thereby measuring physiological signals such as respiration, posture, humidity, temperature, etc., and deriving behaviour pattern analysis and processing. Functions of electrodes themselves can also be directly measured simultaneously, such as measuring blood glucose, lactic acid, glucose, caffeine, alcohol, etc. Simultaneously, skin electrodes can also be simultaneously used to measure physiological signals such as electrocardiograms (ECGs), electromyograms (EMGs), brainwaves, body fat, respiration, and transmission lines can also be used for wireless transmission to receivers such as mobile phones. More importantly, for clothes, trousers, socks, hats, masks, etc., whether formfitting or not, conductive electrodes on skin (such as totems, body paint, tattoos, or electrode patch pieces on skin), as long as clothes have wires at the same positions, capacitive sensing of skin electrodes can be received, and of course it is best that this wire or electrodes do not directly contact skin electrodes, meaning skin electrodes have insulating layers or non-conductive materials thereon, or items such as conductive wires or electrodes on clothes are on the other side of the fabric, so that fabric sensing circuits can also accurately acquire various physiological functions and behaviour information of human bodies. In some embodiments, capacitive coupling relationships between skin electrodes and fabric electrodes can be used to compare sensing benchmark values of the same part or adjacent parts, so as to assist in judging wearing states, postures, forces, or respiration changes. Capacitance values of skin electrodes themselves can also change accordingly during body bending, respiration, external pressure or tension, and environmental temperature and humidity changes. Embodiment 10 involves two people respectively wearing capacitive posture garments; besides reading their own data, when two people hug each other or put arms around each other's shoulders, their respective clothes will also affect each other's data, for example, a left male and right female holding hands and walking together, where when the left male puts an arm around the right female's shoulder, data of the left male's arm-opened armpit changes from 180pF to 114pF, and the embraced right female has her left hand armpit capacitance value changed from 225pF to 288pF because her arm approaches the left male, so interactions between two people during hugs will all generate corresponding capacitance changes, and thus posture garments can read interaction patterns of two people. As in Embodiment 11, when swimming, whole bodies or half bodies are located in water, and conductive electrodes can be provided inside swimwear, swim trunks, or swim caps; capacitance changes caused by different dielectric conditions in water and air can measure swimmer movements and position changes of related wearing items. In some embodiments, waterproof skin electrodes can also cooperate with the aforementioned wearing items to assist in judging posture or movement changes during swimming. Whole bodies or half bodies will be in water during swimming, with conductive electrodes inside swim trunks, swimwear, and swim caps, wherein characteristics of these electrodes are waterproof or water-repellent, so swimmer movements can be measured, and position changes of swimwear, swim caps, and swim trunks inside water are also known because dielectric constants in water and air differ, and flippers and swimming goggles can also have conductive regions inside to measure flipper or swimming goggle movements, thereby obtaining swimming behaviour models. If waterproof or waterrepellent skin electrodes are present on the body, swimming behaviour patterns can also be measured. Through the above embodiments, we use personal items such as user helmets, hard hats, hats, swim caps, clothes, trousers, glasses, headscarves, masks, watches, smartbands, gloves, socks, bed sheets, pillows, insoles, earphones, rings, nail patches, etc., to all have conductive regions to measure capacitance, in addition to non-form-fitting items such as shoe soles, uppers, backpacks, cars, basketball hoops, football goal frames, tyres, balls, chairs, beds, and electrodes on human skin. Thus, a database will be present to represent corresponding values of internal or external force actions on joints at different positions of the whole body with capacitive sensing, athletic capacitance changes of other items, and environment capacitance changes. Thus, a database can be provided for artificial intelligence computing systems. Let us give another embodiment: when we all ride in vehicles, for example, driving, driving behaviour detection of drivers is very important; steering wheels, seats, backrests, headrest pillows, brake pedals, accelerator pedals, and car door locations of vehicles are all provided with conductive electrodes under such a system, and I use buttock-adhering electrodes on seats as reference grounds because heaviest weights are right here and they are relatively immobile, at which time steering wheels have electrodes respectively on left and right sides, and when steering wheels are not gripped, two electrodes on steering wheels both measure 78pF, when one hand is in contact it measures 6.2nF, gripping steering wheels measures 6.4nF, and forcefully gripping measures 6.6nF. Thus it can be known whether steering wheels are gripped with one hand or two hands, because each hand senses one of the conductive regions of the steering wheel. Which hand is not gripping and how long gripping time is can be known, and steering wheel gripping force can also be known, with steering wheel rotation also being ascertainable, and in addition, when capacitance values change to about 5nF, ECG measurements can also begin, which is Lead I ECG. All of the above embodiments can be envisioned to measure ECGs, and by the same token, electrode regions can also be accepted for monitoring heartbeats, brainwaves, electromyography (EMG), body fat, or sweat, or electrodes generating transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), automated external defibrillators (AEDs), heating, or cooling. Backrests have electrode fabrics, measuring 200pF when bodies do not touch, 840pF at 30% body contact, 1400pF at 50% body contact, 2nF at 70% body contact, and 2.4nF at 100% body contact. Thus, driver body postures can be known; in addition, headrest electrodes measure 50pF when not touching, 90pF when touching, and 110pF when heads are fully placed on headrests. In vehicle embodiments, determination of physical interaction states of drivers is extremely important. Conductive electrodes can be disposed at positions such as vehicle steering wheels, seats, backrests, headrests, brake pedals, accelerator pedals, and car doors to measure contact states and force changes between drivers and various vehicle components. For example, conductive electrodes are respectively disposed on left and right of steering wheels, measuring about 78pF for both electrodes when not gripped; about 6.2nF when touched with one hand, about 6.4nF when gripped, and about 6.6nF when forcefully gripped, which can determine states of drivers gripping steering wheels with one hand or two hands, gripping time, and gripping force, and detect steering behaviours. Seat electrodes are used as reference electrodes because seats contact body weight most stably and can serve as stable measurement references. In one embodiment, the second entity is a vehicle, which comprises a plurality of vehicle components, including but not limited to: seats, steering wheels, armrests, accelerator pedals, brake pedals, car doors, headrests, and centre console components. At least one conductive region is disposed on each vehicle component, which can jointly form a capacitive sensing structure with conductive regions on drivers or conductive regions of wearable items, so as to determine contact states, force application states, or relative position relationships between drivers and various vehicle components. The determination results can be used for driving physical interaction state determination, fatigue early warning, or driver state management. In some embodiments, conductive fabric electrodes are disposed on backrests: about 200pF when bodies do not contact, about 840pF at 30% contact, about 1400pF at 50% contact, about 2nF at 70% contact, and about 2.4nF at complete contact, based on which driver sitting postures and back contact states can be determined. Headrest electrodes measure about 50pF when not touching, about 90pF when slightly touching, and about 110pF when completely touching. The above data can support determination of driving posture states. Note: Using conductive electrodes for physiological or medical uses such as ECGs, EMGs, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), or automated external defibrillators (AEDs) belongs to optional advanced implementation embodiments, and does not fall within the core claims scope of the present invention. Respiration changes when seatbelts are fastened across chests are 135-200pF, body leaning forward 30 degrees: 280-380pF, body leaning forward 60%: 600-700pF, and body leaning completely forward: 1300-1600pF changes. Thus, interactions between chest seatbelts and bodies and respiration signal measurements can be known. Normal respiration values for abdominal seatbelts are 150-170pF, body leaning forward 190-210pF, completely leaning 220-240pF. Brake pedal pads without contact measure 285pF, initial contact 300pF, stepping with general force 304pF, and full-force braking pedals 308pF. When stepping on accelerator pads, no touch measures 50pF, initial placement 65pF, general acceleration measures 70pF, and fully stepping on accelerators forcefully measures 74pF. Car doors without contact measure 50pF, closing doors 5.8nF, hand opening doors measures 3nF. This can assist in judging driver behaviour states, and can cooperate with other sensing data to perform respiration or movement analysis. In some embodiments, image capture devices can also be combined as auxiliary information for synchronous calibration. If drivers also wear capacitive sensing garments (tops and trousers), they can also mutually calibrate with each other; if buttocks are not seated properly and are moving, e.g., when buttocks press only halfway, capacitance values when one hand just touches steering wheels become 4.8nF, and 5.1nF for full-force gripping. All such data will show differences from capacitive sensing when completely seated on clothes, indicating buttock movement changes, and mental emotional states of drivers can also be understood via capacitance change states between drivers and car seats, and high change frequencies indicate unstable driving by drivers, while complete absence of changes indicates that drivers want to sleep. Next, supplementing tyres of cars, bicycles, and motorcycles, drivers have always understood that if tyre pressure is too low, it is actually unsuitable to be on the road, but even up to the present day, many vehicles still hit the road every day under conditions of insufficient tyre pressure, so if drivers can timely understand correct tyre pressures, they will have opportunities to prevent many unexpected accidents. If your vehicle is not equipped with a tyre pressure detection system, you must get out of the car and use tyre pressure gauges to perform detection so as to maintain driving safety; the capacitive sensing system has sensing electrodes and sensing circuits on tyres to detect tyre conditions and changes, and can also know external ground situations, for example, if one of 4 car tyres has an air leak, then capacitance values measured for this tyre will differ greatly from original values, while capacitance values of the other 3 tyres will also differ, which can be used as tyre pressure detectors, and ground contacted by each tyre may also differ, so ground situations can be known. Meanwhile, driving conditions can also be changed to ensure driving safety, for example, when front wheels pass through potholes, if vehicle forces passing through potholes are very large, results of rear wheels passing through potholes can be recorded, so that handling methods are known when similar locations occur next time. When tyres sense different ground materials, driving manners will also be adjusted; gravel road surfaces, asphalt road surfaces, or rainy road surfaces have different friction coefficients at this time, and driving manners must also be adjusted. Physical interaction states between tyres and drivers can also assist in evaluating driver physical strength and mental states. Tyre load capacitance values on uphill and downhill road sections also differ, with front wheel capacitance values increasing first at the start of uphills, and front wheel capacitance values decreasing first at the start of downhills. If double solid lines on the ground, used to divide roads into bidirectional lanes, prohibit vehicles from crossing and driving across, and prohibit U-turns, when tyres contact yellow double solid lines having different dielectric constants or being conductive materials, it will be recorded and drivers will be notified. Similarly, sitting on working capacitive chairs or lying on capacitive beds can measure human postures and mental states. Values measured on clothes and trousers and capacitance values measured via conductive electrodes and sensing circuits on beds or chairs, these two pieces of information can also mutually calibrate databases. For example, when lying flat on a bed, the back of clothes has values without bending, leg values have knees unbent and both thighs straight contacting the bed; standing in elevators has both feet straight, sitting posture has knees at about 90 degrees; talking about capacitive sensing again, athletic trousers measure 4nF for left buttock when standing, 6.2nF when sitting on chairs, and 10nF when chairs have conductive electrode patches, so sitting on car chairs allows chairs and trousers to together measure different effects with users, and also allows trouser values and chairs with or without electrode patches to perform data analysis. For example, cars have electrode patches, while office chairs do not, so measured numerical values differ, and thus we can also distinguish what item compositions are, whether electrode patches are present, whether materials of electrode patches differ leading to different dielectric constants, or whether elasticity values differ. That is, non-elastic chairs measure larger values because they directly press against chairs. Elastic chairs have lower values. Thus it can be known whether chairs sat on are elastic, and capacitive sensing speeds also differ, with hard nonelastic chairs reacting quickly. Similarly, the back of clothes has a 4 cm wide part used to measure human posture bending degree, measuring 330pF when backrests have no conductive electrodes, and measuring 490pF when backrests have electrode patches. By the same implementation principle as trousers, capacitive sensing nodes related to the same first entity can also be formed between backrests and clothes. In other words, clothes and chairs can both serve as related items, and can respectively form capacitive coupling relationships or capacitive measurement relationships with the same first entity; wherein one related item can have sensing electrodes or controllers, and another related item may or may not have controllers and sensing electrodes. Due to differences in materials, areas, elasticity, conductive region layouts, distances from human bodies, or contact states of different related items, capacitance data acquired thereby may have different change amplitudes, time correspondence relationships, or response characteristics. In this way, mutual calibration effects can be achieved between backrests and clothes. To clearly explain again that the front describes induction functions of two items (clothes and chairs) with the same person, except one item has sensing electrodes like clothes and another item has or lacks controllers and sensing electrodes yielding different capacitive coupling effects; similarly, both inner and outer clothes have abdominal respiration sensing electrodes, underwear has half the electrode area and outer clothing has double, and when both are worn together, coats measure respiration of 260-465pF, underwear measures 230-614pF, and when neither is worn, outer clothing measures 300-740pF and underwear measures 170-363pF, so it can be understood that the same user simultaneously having two different items measured will yield mutual induction effects, which can therefore also be used for mutual calibration. As mentioned earlier, socks, insoles, and shoe soles are used to measure gait, but a very important difference is that socks completely adhere to skin. Therefore, when not wearing shoes, gait analysis measured in this way is the most accurate method, but insoles and shoe soles have incomplete contact problems because relationships between shoes and feet are not completely form-fitting, so measured authenticity is also imperfect. If using insoles to measure gait analysis, non-contact sensing capacitance values mentioned in the fourth example above can also be used for correction, which is similar to the induction functions of hands and conductive fabric published above. However, making them on shoe soles all has inaccuracy problems, and acceleration sensors or cameras can be used to perform data correction so as to obtain more accurate information. Regarding calibration data, we can solve it using previous manners, for example, gait signals generated between conductive regions on insole surfaces and foot bottoms, while also measuring capacitance values generated when no capacitive sensing exists between insoles or shoe soles and humans, and data measured by these two must have complete positive correlation, otherwise calibration must be performed. In addition, another function is measuring force magnitudes; when electrode sensing ranges contacting feet are already exceeded without any changes, external electrodes reinforce obtaining force data because we can change materials to generate different capacitance response values. Especially when saturated due to perspiration or moisture between skin. In the same manner, on clothes and trousers, capacitance values sensed by clothes on form-fitting electrodes and capacitance value changes generated by corresponding motor forces on outer clothes must also be synchronously positively correlated, otherwise calibration work must be performed. Similarly, force magnitudes can also be completely measured because a second-layer database exists for analysis and calibration; similarly, electrode sensing on bodies can also assist in external item calibration, and sensing capacitance values of external items such as clothes, trousers, shoes, and socks can also measure received force magnitudes, and of course force directions generated by bodies or external sources can be distinguished because force-receiving sequences of each layer differ, for example, walking, where whether feet touch insoles first or shoe soles interact with the ground first reveals fitting relationships between feet and shoes. In addition, conductive regions of electrodes and transmission lines on items or bodies generate signal attenuation due to washing or use, at which time electronic manners can be used for reinforcement and correction, e.g., elbow bending values originally 100pF now becoming 50pF can be corrected in databases, enabling products like clothes and trousers to be continuously used because each sensing electrode performs database corrections over time. Using gait again to illustrate behaviour detection, insoles or shoe soles have capacitive sensors, and gait analysis can be measured this way, including gait behaviours, left-right foot balance, and body centre of gravity changes, etc. Adding acceleration sensors here allows knowing whether taking escalators or elevators, when induction capacitance values without shoes change greatly, so switches can be designed on one of the conductive sensing regions to operate systems only when forces reach a certain degree, and when no external forces are sensed, e.g., leaving shoes, systems can be started and stopped to save power, and behaviour patterns of when used and when not used will also be recorded. Preferably, installing a Global Positioning System (GPS) allows displaying user behaviour gait trajectories, which is of great help to lost elderly people; preferably, further installing a camera on shoes to monitor external conditions allows complete sensing of user and external environment changes during gait. When all electrode pieces in the above items interact with users or other items, sometimes contact between reference point electrodes and bodies or other items is poor, at which time another reference electrode needs to be re-selected from other electrode pieces to serve as a reference ground, the circuit design of which is shown in FIG. 20. For example, when a conductive region about 4 cm wide is disposed on the back of clothes, it can be used to measure body posture bending degree; about 330pF of data can be acquired when backrests have no conductive electrodes; about 490pF of data can be acquired when backrests have electrode patches. The processing module can compare, calibrate, contrast, verify, or compensate capacitance data acquired by clothes and backrests to analyse contact states, posture changes, or force states between the same first entity and different related items. The same principle can also be used for underwear (JJ) and outer garments (EE). In some embodiments, both underwear and outer garments can be provided with abdominal respiration sensing electrodes, wherein underwear electrode areas can be smaller and outer garment electrode areas can be larger. When both are worn simultaneously, because underwear is closer to the human body and outer garments are located at outer layers, capacitance data acquired by underwear and outer garments may present different amplitudes, different sensitivities, different phases, or different common background changes. For example, in a test, coats measured respiration-related capacitance changes of about 260-465pF, and underwear measured about 230614pF; when inner and outer garments were not worn simultaneously, underwear and outer garments could respectively acquire capacitance data of different ranges. The above differences indicate that capacitance data acquired simultaneously by the same first entity from two different related items can form relationships of mutual induction, mutual comparison, or mutual calibration. Further, when underwear is closer to the human body, it can more directly reflect respiration, local body deformation, or close contact states; outer garments, being located outside underwear, can have capacitance data simultaneously affected by human body movement, relative movement of underwear, air gaps between two layers of clothing, wearing tightness, and the external environment. The processing module can compare capacitance data acquired by underwear and outer garments to analyse time correspondence relationships, synchronisation relationships, relative delays, regional differences, or common background changes, and can use one of them as calibration, comparison, verification, or compensation references for the other. In gait embodiments, socks (AA), insoles (HH), and shoe soles (II) can also form comparable capacitance data. Because socks are worn on feet and fit skin relatively closely, they can more directly reflect foot actions, forces, or wearing fitting states; insoles or shoe soles and feet are usually separated by socks, interior shoe spaces, or shoe material media, and thus capacitance data acquired by insoles or shoe soles can exhibit delays, phase differences, synchronisation differences, incomplete contact, or change amplitude differences relative to sock data. The processing module can compare capacitance data of socks, insoles, and shoe soles to analyse gait time relationships, force trends, shoe-sock matching states, or ground-related background changes. Therefore, when not wearing shoes, acquired gait analysis data is usually relatively direct; whereas insoles and shoe soles may not completely fit feet, possibly generating errors during measurement. In some embodiments, gait signals of conductive regions on insole surfaces and foot bottoms can be utilised, with reference to capacitance data corresponding to non-contact between insoles or shoe soles and humans, to perform calibration. In addition, in some embodiments, acceleration sensing devices, positioning devices, or image capture devices can also be matched as auxiliary calibration information. When outer electrode force changes are more obvious than inner electrode force changes, measurement results of conductive regions of different layers can also be used to assist in determining force magnitudes and sequential orders thereof. As for signal attenuation caused by washing, use, or material aging, calibration, comparison, or analysis can be performed according to existing measurement data to maintain consistency of sensing results. Similarly, capacitance data acquired between shoe soles (II) and the ground, spheres (DD), or other external environments, and interaction data between spheres (DD) and related items such as backboards (LL) and soccer goal nets (MM), can also be analysed together with capacitance data of items worn by the first entity, so as to distinguish human behaviours, item interactions, and external environment changes, and serve as bases for mutual calibration, comparison, or compensation. When all electrode pieces in the above items interact with users or other items, situations where original reference electrodes have poor contact with bodies or other items may sometimes occur. In some embodiments, one can be selected from other existing conductive regions as a new measurement reference, the circuit design of which can be seen in FIG. 20. In some embodiments, when previously selected reference nodes affect signal quality due to contact states, positional relationships, external interference, or other measurement condition changes, processing modules can cooperate with switching circuits to re-select a more suitable one from a plurality of existing conductive regions as a reference node, so as to maintain stability, consistency, and comparability of measurement data. In configurations having a plurality of conductive regions, the reference nodes can also be shared by a plurality of sensing regions, enabling different sensing regions to perform data acquisition and analysis under identical or similar measurement comparison benchmarks. In related embodiments of the circuit shown in FIG. 20, the capacitive sensing system can dispose a plurality of reference grounds, reference points, or reference electrodes on clothes, trousers, socks, footwear, seats, bedding, or different parts of human bodies. The reference grounds, reference points, or reference electrodes can be disposed at positions relatively easy to stably contact skin during use, such as waists, thighs, arms, elbows, backs, buttocks, necks, shoulders, calves, or feet. When currently used measurement references fail to meet predetermined conditions due to contact states, signal quality, or stability, processing modules or sensing circuits can select another one from other candidate reference grounds, reference points, or reference electrodes as a new measurement reference, so as to maintain stability of capacitance data measurement. In some embodiments, first entity A and second entity B can be a human body, a part of a human body, an item, a wearable item, equipment, furniture, a transportation vehicle, an environmental object, or combinations thereof, respectively. Conductive regions of each entity generate capacitance data through capacitive coupling relationships, which are acquired and analysed by sensing circuits and processing modules. Acquired capacitance data can be stored in database platforms, and further used to build personal behaviour models, multi-entity interaction models, environment change models, or combinations thereof, so as to generate one or more prediction models for analysing behaviour states, interaction states, usage modes, environment changes, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the system can be provided with a plurality of reference nodes, and the processing module selects one of the plurality of reference nodes as a measurement reference for current measurement according to contact states, signal quality, or capacitive coupling situations of each reference node; when measurement references need adjustment, another reference node can also be re-selected. The present invention relates to a multi-entity interaction sensing system and method. The system uses at least one item contacting a user, such as clothes and trousers, socks, insoles, shoe soles, and items in the user's environment, such as a car for driving, footballs and basketballs for sports, a chair for sitting, a bed for lying, wherein at least one conductive region is disposed in each item; the conductive regions directly or indirectly contact the human body to form a capacitance therebetween, or items themselves have conductive regions to directly or indirectly contact other items to generate inductive capacitances, or electrodes are present on the user's skin to sense capacitance changes with the outside world, under the action of providing a signal, when pressure, pulling force, or tension exists between the human body and items or between items and items to cause capacitance changes. When temperature or humidity changes between the human body and items and between items and items cause capacitance values to change, in addition, other materials are added between items and human bodies and between items and items, thereby generating capacitance value changes. The capacitance changes are displayed in frequency, voltage, or current, thus generating frequency, voltage, or current changes, and utilising changes in resonance frequencies, voltages, or currents to build data collection repositories (databases) at different positions between human bodies and items or between items and items. Next, data characteristics obtained at different postures at these different body positions between human bodies and items or between items and items are used to extract models of behaviours and external environment changes of human bodies and items. Then, extracted characteristics are used to perform motion recognition between human bodies and items or between items and items, which includes starting to use items, whether capacitance values between items and humans or between items and items change due to movements or external environment temperature or humidity changes, and in addition, capacitance changes generated by external forces applied between items and humans or between items and items can simultaneously analyse interaction changes generated by external forces on human bodies, and when human bodies detect behaviours, respiration, sweating, and even pulse and heartbeats can be measured simultaneously. Behavioural Informatics (BI) of this patent is the study of sensed capacitance informatics of behaviours to obtain behavioural intelligence and behavioural insights. It is a method combining science and technology using capacitance changes between items and humans and between items and items, as well as human conductive electrodes and items or the environment. Obtained sensed capacitance data is used to combine science and technology. Purposes include analysing current behaviours and inferring potential future behaviours. This occurs through pattern recognition. That is, the system has electrodes on the user's skin or items on the body or approaching items, and utilises capacitance change values of items and human bodies, items and items, or skin electrodes and environment items to collect item and user activities, and captures individual activities or surrounding environment changes. These capacitance signals are transmitted to computer systems executing learning programs, which construct personalised behaviour and external environment state models, and further develop one or multiple customized multi-dimensional prediction models and use the multi-dimensional prediction models to predict behaviours that may occur in the future and provide notifications of predicted unsafe or undesired results. Preferably, a computer system connected to capacitive sensors and executing multidimension-responding learning routines is provided therein, wherein the data capacitive sensors reflect habits, activities, and / or position changes of behavioural individuals and the order in which they occur in individuals, building learning routines of one or multiple behaviour-personalised dynamic state models and transitions between different states for individuals. Preferably, wherein learning routines also develop one or multiple customized multidimensional prediction models for individuals, and use the multi-dimensional prediction models to predict behaviours that may occur in the future, and notification systems issue notifications, warning behaviours, activity changes associated with unsafe or undesired results according to predictions, and transmit notifications or warnings to the individuals or associated recipients. In some embodiments, external environments include temperature, humidity, ground surface materials, or changes in external force intervention. In some embodiments, items and bodies, items and items directly or indirectly contact conductive regions, thereby forming a capacitance therebetween. Preferably, wherein items mentioned can include, in some embodiments, items contacting human bodies as clothes, hats, trousers, masks, socks, shoes (including garments, shoes, and socks), bed sheets, pillows, gloves, glasses, watches, wristbands, backpacks, handbags, luggage, baskets, tote bags, snowboards, ice skates, surfboards, sports equipment, toothbrushes, cigarettes, pens, computers, mobile phones, cars, balls, vehicles, components, sphere classes, tyres, steering wheels, crutches, tablecloths, chairs, carpets, slippers or insoles, seatbelts, or artificial products including robots, prosthetic limbs, artificial eyes, and artificial ears, etc., on which conductive regions are disposed to form capacitive sensing structures. In some embodiments, the items and bodies or items and other items both have circuits providing a signal to detect capacitance changes. In some embodiments, conductive regions of the items or bodies include: conductive electrodes directly on body skin surfaces, both inside and outside skin or only inside skin; items directly or indirectly contacting skin, wherein items and human bodies have capacitive sensing functions; items worn on users but without capacitive sensing functions with skin, instead having capacitive sensing functions with the outside world; independent situations where items and humans are not wearable devices, wherein item electrodes have capacitive sensing functions with human wearable items or skin; capacitive coupling between items without interaction relationships with humans, but between two items not contacting the body; capacitance changes generated by interaction relationships between humans and entities; and finally capacitive sensing of electrode regions on floors or carpets. In some embodiments, everyone has wearable items, warming up and stretching whole body muscles before exercise in a dynamic stretching manner, activating whole body muscles while re-calibrating standard database data between original items and humans, and then performing physical interaction state determination between wearable items and humans; the items include: clothes, trousers, socks, shoes. In some embodiments, systems can perform correction, comparison, or analysis on capacitance measurement data or measurement references according to capacitance data acquired by at least one predetermined action or state (such as stationary states, specific postures, stretching actions, or dynamic warm-up actions) before, during, or after use, or adjust reference potentials of reference electrodes, so as to maintain measurement consistency and reliability of sensing systems under different use scenarios. In some embodiments, sensing data obtained by a user at the same time across different items can more completely detect interaction mode analysis and processing; for example: wearing clothes equipped with controllers can measure posture changes, while controllers on chairs can also measure human body postures, thereby making interaction mode analysis more accurate and obtaining more information. In some embodiments, items at these different body positions are utilised, and behaviour and external environment change models of human bodies and items are extracted via different capacitance value data change feature characteristics at each item, and then extracted feature data is used to perform movements between human bodies and items or between items and items. In some embodiments, systems can detect capacitive sensing changes generated between users and items on their bodies, surrounding items, or environments, and determine physical interaction states of items, environments, and users based thereon. In some embodiments, the item is a shoe sole, and shoe sole conductive regions can measure user gait analysis, and can also generate different capacitance changes due to different ground surface materials, thereby knowing what the ground material is; in addition, there are physical interaction states on footballs by the same principle, where we can measure which part of shoe soles or uppers contacts and exerts force on footballs; in the same manner, when people are in cars, on motorcycles, or on bicycles, wheels are shoes. In some embodiments, detected physiological signals or postures at the same positions can be used with items on or around users to perform further confirmation and correction; for example: vehicle capacitive sensing systems and sensing of body clothes, socks, and shoes can be used together to analyse user driving interaction modes. In some embodiments, detected physiological signals or postures at the same positions can be used with electrodes on user skin and peripheral items to perform further confirmation and correction, meaning such data can further measure interaction mode analysis and processing, especially since electrodes are on skin, which can be used to calibrate behaviour databases between items and humans. In some embodiments, bed induction and pajama capacitive sensing correspond to each other, and can also mutually confirm and calibrate databases. In some embodiments, the item is a shoe sole, and shoe sole conductive regions can measure user gait analysis, and can also generate different capacitance changes due to different ground surface materials, thereby knowing what the ground material is. In some embodiments, replacing the shoe sole with wheels can measure wheel movement and material changes on the ground; for example: when people are in cars, on motorcycles, or on bicycles. In some embodiments, the items are shoe uppers and soles, which can measure user gait analysis, and simultaneously sense football player behaviours in physical interaction states on footballs. In some embodiments, the items are floors, roads, lawns, or carpets; under the above circumstances, temperature, pressure, material, and humidity changes between items and humans or between items and other items will all generate capacitance changes. Preferably, data analysis is used to perform formation, representation, computational modelling, analysis, learning, simulation of individual and group behaviours, as well as understanding of behavioural impacts, utility, non-occurring behaviours, etc., for "behavioural intervention and management". In some embodiments, data analysis stretches whole body muscles during warm-ups before exercise while re-calibrating database data; in addition, stretching exercises should be performed after finishing exercise, so as to perform re-calibration of database data for items; for example: clothes, trousers, socks, and shoes. In addition, capacitance values obtained by analysing gait using items can reflect change trends of knee or hip joint bending angles; sensing capacitance sensed by items at knee or hip joints can also be used to compare or analyse foot postures or states. Thus, items on feet such as socks, insoles, and shoes can be used to calibrate database data of items on knee or hip joints such as clothes, knee pads, and trousers. Similarly, capacitive sensing values of items on knee or hip joints can also be used to calibrate database data of socks, insoles, and shoes. In the same manner, capacitance values measured by elbow clothes or elbow pad items can be used to compare, analyse, and correct arm postures and states. Also during walking, running, going up and down stairs, left and right hands and feet usually present regular movements, so capacitance values measured by left-side items of the body can be used to compare, analyse, or calibrate database data of right-side items such as clothes, trousers, socks, and shoes; they can also be used to compare, analyse, or calibrate database data of clothes, trousers, socks, and shoes at other positions. For example, capacitance value changes of left knees can reflect capacitance value change trends of same-side and opposite-side clothes, trousers, socks, insoles, and shoes, and can be used to calibrate data in databases. Preferably, wherein if items measure increased capacitance values at certain body parts under the same condition, but capacitance values of items at other parts remain unchanged, it indicates increased humidity or temperature at certain body parts, but if sensing capacitance values of items at all body parts increase or decrease, it indicates changes in body or environment temperature or humidity, at which time capacitance changes of non-contacting items with humans are used to distinguish, where non-contacting items such as: conductive capacitance values of shoe soles, shoe uppers, balls, outer surfaces of safety helmets increasing or decreasing, indicate environmental changes rather than body changes. In some embodiments, when sensing capacitance values of items at a certain part generate changes while other parts show no significant changes, it can serve as an auxiliary judgment basis for local temperature and humidity or force state changes of that part; if sensing capacitance values of items at all body parts exhibit simultaneous same-direction changes, it can assist in distinguishing impacts of systematic environmental factors (such as environmental temperature and humidity changes) from local body state changes, and further determination can be made in combination with capacitance changes of reference items not contacting the human body (such as outer surfaces of shoe soles). In some embodiments, reference electrodes of the items use conductive regions contacting skin as reference electrodes, and obtained capacitive sensing is a numerical value; but when materials isolate, reference electrodes do not directly contact skin, at which time changes in capacitive sensing include changes generated by reference electrodes, so body parts of reference electrodes having changes can be known. In some embodiments, electrodes of reference electrodes of the items do not contact skin, so under circumstances where parts of item sensing regions have no changes whatsoever, measured capacitance values are position changes of reference electrodes, for example: knees standing motionless measure knee values of 200pF, but when clothes are on the inner side of trousers, 166-175pF is measured, which is changes of waistband reference electrodes caused by respiration. In some embodiments, reference electrodes of the items, e.g., clothes, trousers, socks, are positions stably contacting the body, such as backs, waists, thighs, calves, foot bottoms, or a circle of conductive material wrapped around the neck as reference electrodes, with another method being setting many points on clothes and trousers as reference electrodes; in addition, a reference electrode contacting skin can also be present simultaneously at each sensing point, e.g., having reference electrodes on elbows, so when elbows bend, numerical values of elbow bending are generated. In some embodiments, reference electrodes of the items can also be shared by other sensing regions as measurement references; when obtained capacitive sensing values appear obviously unstable, other existing conductive regions or existing reference positions can be changed to serve as measurement references so as to acquire relatively stable signals. In some embodiments, capacitive sensing analysis can further combine auxiliary sensing data to enhance recognition effects on behaviours and environment changes. The auxiliary sensing data can originate from, for example, acceleration sensing devices, inertial sensing devices, image capture devices, or positioning devices. In some embodiments, sensors of the same item can measure different physiological and posture changes of the body, for example, capacitive sensing structures of pajamas besides measuring respiration can further measure normal sleep, supine sleep, and lateral sleep, and whether blankets are covered, which can be used to evaluate sleep quality. For example, abdominal respiration clothes and respiration trousers can also measure whether users are standing or sitting. In addition, any respiration garment can measure respiration signals and can also provide information regarding sweating and respiratory rate variability (RRV). In some embodiments, items are socks or insoles, where as long as two parallel electrode pieces not contacting skin are present, gait analysis can be measured because socks fit feet, thereby measuring the most accurate gait analysis data; in addition, if conductive electrodes are in insoles, foot non-contacting insole problems will occur, and acquired sensing capacitance values will also have delay situations occurring, but we can analyse and process this problem, for example, times when heels or toes approach insoles until feet contact insoles, or times when heels separate from shoes can all be calculated, dividing these two parallel lines into multiple segments, with each segment being an independent capacitive sensing with feet, so as to more clearly know relationships between user feet and shoes and measure more accurate gait analysis. In some embodiments, shoe soles and ground shoe soles have two parallel conductive materials (e.g., silver fabric), so different capacitance changes are generated during walking due to relationships with the ground, enabling gait analysis measurement, while simultaneously different materials, such as asphalt roads, lawns, tiles, carpets, etc., yield different measured capacitance values because dielectric constants of these materials differ, so it is possible to simultaneously know what environment I am in, and capacitive coupling effects still exist similarly, meaning even if shoe soles do not touch ground surfaces, measured capacitance values will increase as they get closer and closer, so distances and changes between shoe soles and ground surfaces can be known rather than only pressure changes between shoe soles and the ground when feet step onto ground surfaces, and if conductive regions on foot bottoms are more numerous, even more detailed information can be known, and capacitance values generated by changes on the ground differ, for example, capacitance values differ when water is present on the ground, or when ground undulations are uneven, ground temperatures and humidity differ across spring, summer, autumn, and winter, generating different capacitance changes. Preferably, wherein the item is a ball, the ball has more than two conductive regions, forces of shoes stepping on balls, kicking balls, and bodies blocking balls are proportional to capacitance value changes of balls; in addition, a plurality of conductive regions can measure which position receives force, force magnitudes and directions thereof, how far force effects will make it travel, and can also incorporate GPS and acceleration sensors inside, so that traveling trajectories and directions of balls can be known; football nets have conductive electrodes and a signal circuit or lack electrode wires and signal circuits, either of which can inform whether footballs enter nets or hit goal net railings because hardnesses and materials of goal nets and railings differ; if blocked or grasped by defending players, capacitive sensing signals on defending players will generate strong information, thus making it possible to imagine movement relationships among all personnel on football fields. Preferably, wherein the item is a ball, the ball has more than two conductive regions, forces of hand gripping balls and balls hitting the ground are proportional to capacitance value changes of balls, in addition, a plurality of conductive regions can measure which position receives force, force magnitudes and directions thereof, how far force effects will make it travel, and can also incorporate GPS and acceleration sensors inside, so that traveling trajectories and directions of balls can be known, basketballs and backboards are like shoe soles and floors, basketball electrodes colliding with backboards cause team basketball capacitance to change greatly, hitting metal rims causes controllers inside basketballs to measure stronger capacitance reactions, entering nets causes induction of capacitance to change, but not as instantaneous signals because basketballs hitting backboards have impact forces, and if basketball nets have conductive materials, such capacitance changes become even more obvious, when scoring via edge shots or direct slam dunks, the difference between the two is that slam dunks involve hands directly driving balls into basketball nets with very short times, while basketballs stay with hands for a long time and nets for a very short time, and during slam dunks, hands contact rims while human movement actions differ truly greatly, with slam dunks requiring lifting both legs by human height whereas edge shots only involve smoothly rhythmically delivering basketballs into basketball nets, if backboards are also provided with conductive regions and controllers, then backboards themselves can react and have synchronized change relationships with basketball controllers. Preferably, wherein the items are clothes, trousers, socks, baseballs, bats, and shoe soles, shoe sole conductive regions can measure user gait analysis, and can also generate different capacitance changes due to different ground surface materials, thereby knowing what the ground material is, baseball player sliding actions do not leave both feet off the ground, but body centers of gravity shift, causing such capacitance values between shoe soles and ground surfaces to decrease, pop-up slide: a type of runner sliding method referring to runners sliding directly toward bases to prepare for advancing and getting up at the earliest moment if fielders fail to securely catch balls, especially when bases also have conductive regions and control systems, when baseballs or bats both have conductive regions, the entire baseball game process can have flawless records and analyses. In some embodiments, spherical items (taking footballs as an example) are provided with two or more conductive regions; when shoes step on balls, kick balls, and bodies block balls, sphere forces are proportional to capacitance changes of their conductive regions, and a plurality of conductive regions can determine force-receiving positions, force magnitudes, and directions. Conductive structures can also be disposed on goal nets or goal railings; due to different material hardnesses, capacitance responses generated by footballs entering nets and hitting rims have distinguishable characteristics, based on which contact event types can be determined. Sensing circuits on defending players can also measure capacitance changes generated during sphere contact, and synthesizing multi-faceted sensing data can analyse physical interaction states of entities in athletic scenarios. In another embodiment, basketballs are provided with two or more conductive regions; when gripping balls with hands and when balls hit the ground, sphere capacitance changes are proportional to forces, and a plurality of conductive regions can determine sphere force-receiving positions and directions. When basketballs collide with rims and touch nets, due to different material elasticity and contact manners, generated capacitance response characteristics also differ, which can be used to distinguish contact events such as hitting rims, entering nets, and edge shots, realizing physical interaction state determination for each contact event in basketball sports. In some embodiments, shoe soles, insoles, spherical items, and baseball bats can all be provided with conductive regions. Shoe sole conductive regions can measure gait characteristics and ground surface materials (different grounds generate different capacitance changes); special movements during exercise (such as sliding) change contact states between shoe soles and the ground, which can also be detected and analysed by capacitance changes. Conductive regions on spherical items and baseball bats can further record hitting force, contact positions, and motion trajectories, used for athletic performance analysis. In some embodiments, the items are skin electrodes, and capacitance values generated between skin electrodes and electrodes at the same positions are utilised to adjust or calibrate item positions on the body and databases; for example: clothes, trousers, socks, gloves, hats, masks, ear muffs, shoes, skirts, artificial hands, artificial feet, different limbs, belts, waist belts, backpacks, waist bags, glasses, mountaineering bags, helmets, metaverse head-mounted devices; thus better interaction modes and analysis can be derived, which is an effect generated by interactions between items such as clothes and electrodes on skin. Preferably, wherein skin electrodes themselves can also have control circuits used to sense capacitance changes of outer clothes, etc., and skin electrodes themselves generate capacitance changes when bodies bend causing skin electrodes to stretch or contract, respiration causing skin electrodes to expand or contract, external environment pressures or tensions, environment temperatures or humidity; body humidity or temperature changes, so capacitance changes at different body parts can be measured, and capacitance changes with other positions can also be measured simultaneously (e.g., left leg lifted onto right leg, left hand placed in front of chest), thereby measuring physiological signals such as respiration, posture, humidity, temperature, and deriving behaviour pattern analysis and processing, while also directly measuring functions of electrodes themselves, such as: measuring blood glucose, lactic acid, glucose, caffeine, and alcohol. Preferably, wherein tyres of cars, bicycles, and motorcycles are items, tyres have sensing electrodes and control circuits to detect tyre conditions and changes, and at the same time can also know external ground situations, for example, if one of 4 car tyres has an air leak, then capacitance values measured for this tyre will differ greatly from original values, while capacitance values of the other 3 tyres will also differ, which can be used as tyre pressure detectors, and ground contacted by each tyre may also differ, so ground situations can be known, and simultaneously driving conditions can be changed to ensure driving safety, for example, when front wheels pass through potholes, if vehicle forces passing through potholes are very large, results of rear wheels passing through potholes can be recorded, so that handling methods are known when similar locations occur next time, when tyres sense different ground materials, driving manners will also be adjusted, gravel road surfaces, asphalt road surfaces, or rainy road surfaces have different friction coefficients at this time, and driving manners must also be adjusted, and interaction relationships between tyres and drivers can also evaluate physical strength and mental states of drivers. capacitive sensing values of tyre loads on uphill and downhill road sections also differ, with front wheel capacitance values increasing first at the start of uphills, and front wheel capacitance values decreasing first at the start of downhills. If double solid lines on the ground, used to divide roads into bidirectional lanes, prohibit vehicles from crossing and driving across, and prohibit U-turns, when tyres contact yellow double solid lines having different dielectric constants or being conductive materials, it will be recorded and drivers will be notified, similarly sitting on working capacitive chairs or lying on capacitive beds can measure human postures and mental states, and values measured on clothes and trousers and capacitance values measured via conductive electrodes and control circuits on beds or chairs, these two pieces of information can also mutually calibrate databases. Preferably, wherein when all electrode pieces of items interact with users or other items, when capacitance values between reference ground electrodes of reference points and bodies or other items are unstable, a reference electrode is re-selected to serve as a reference ground. In some embodiments, skin electrodes themselves can also be provided with sensing circuits to sense capacitance changes of outer clothes, etc. Skin electrodes change capacitance values accordingly during body bending, respiration, external pressure or tension, and environmental temperature and humidity changes, and can detect capacitance changes at different body parts and mutual capacitive relationships (such as left leg crossing right leg, left hand placed in front of chest, and other postures), thereby assisting in measuring physical interaction states such as respiration, posture, and forces. In some embodiments, tyres of cars, bicycles, or motorcycles can serve as items provided with conductive regions to measure state changes of tyres themselves and capacitance data changes corresponding to tyres contacting the ground. In more specific embodiments, differences generated by different tyres or different ground conditions can assist in judging tyre forces, contact states, or ground material changes. In some embodiments, when capacitance values between used reference electrodes and bodies or other items are unstable, the system can re-select another one from existing conductive regions or preset reference positions as a measurement reference. In some embodiments, wearable items such as helmets, hard hats, hats, swim caps, clothes, trousers, glasses, headscarves, masks, watches, smartbands, gloves, socks, bed sheets, pillows, insoles, earphones, rings, or nail patches can all be provided with conductive regions to measure capacitance changes; in addition, shoes soles, uppers, backpacks, chairs, beds, or electrodes on human skin can also serve as corresponding sensing positions. The aforementioned measurement data can serve as comparison data for forces, contacts, or posture changes at different parts. Preferably, wherein skin electrodes mentioned can also be simultaneously used to measure physiological information such as electrocardiograms (ECGs), electromyograms (EMGs), brainwaves, body fat, respiration, and transmission lines can also be used for wireless transmission to receivers such as mobile phones; more importantly, for clothes, trousers, socks, hats, masks, etc., whether form-fitting or not, conductive electrodes on skin (such as totems, body paint, tattoos, or electrode patch pieces on skin), as long as clothes have wires at the same positions, capacitive sensing of skin electrodes can be received, and of course it is best that this wire or electrodes do not directly contact skin electrodes, meaning skin electrodes are covered by insulating layers or non-conductive materials, or conductive wires or electrodes on items such as clothes are on sides of fabric not close to skin, so that fabric sensing circuits can also accurately obtain various physiological functions and behaviour information of human bodies. Preferably, wherein items mentioned are cars, drivers, and items on the body, for example, conductive electrodes are present at steering wheels, seats, backrests, headrest pillows, brake pedals, seatbelts, accelerators, and car doors of cars, under such systems, driver behaviours and mental states can be known while respiration can also be measured, and if drivers also wear capacitive sensing garments (tops and trousers), they can mutually calibrate with results measured by car items, and cameras can also be used to enhance calibration functions. In some embodiments, conductive electrodes on skin (regardless of whether attached in totem, body paint, tattoo, or patch forms) can perform capacitive coupling in non-direct contact manners via wires or conductive regions on clothes, enabling fabric sensing circuits to acquire physical interaction state data such as human posture, forces, and respiration, without wearers feeling discomfort. Note: Simultaneously measuring physiological information such as ECGs, EMGs, brainwaves, and body fat using skin electrodes belongs to optional advanced implementation embodiments, and does not fall within the core claims scope of the present invention. In some embodiments, items can include vehicle bodies, vehicle interior components contacted by drivers, and items worn on their bodies, for example, positions such as steering wheels, seats, backrests, headrests, brake pedals, seatbelts, accelerators, and car doors can all be provided with conductive electrodes. Under this system, judgment of driver behaviour states can be assisted, and capacitance changes related to respiration or posture changes can be measured. If drivers simultaneously wear capacitive sensing garments (tops and trousers), they can also cross-reference or calibrate with results measured by car items; in some embodiments, image capture devices can also be combined as auxiliary calibration information. In some embodiments, tyres of cars, bicycles, and motorcycles are items, tyres have sensing electrodes and sensing circuits to detect tyre conditions and changes, which can serve as tyre pressure detectors while also knowing external ground situations, for example: if one of 4 car tyres has an air leak, then capacitance values measured for this tyre differ greatly from original values, while capacitance values of the other 3 tyres will also differ, and if yellow double solid lines on the ground have different dielectric constants and are conductive materials, tyre contact will record it and can also notify drivers. In some embodiments, when two different items simultaneously measure the same matter, capacitance values of these two items will have mutual induction, which can be used for calibration in addition to detecting information. Preferably, wherein at least one conductive region of items generates capacitive sensors between bodies, other items, or the environment, or skin conductive regions generate capacitive sensors between items or the environment, or capacitive sensing structures generated by item conductive regions and body conductive region electrodes, or capacitive sensors generated by conductive regions of both items and other items, and capacitance values measured by these capacitive sensors build database data. Descriptions of the present invention and other technical contents, features, and effects will be clearly presented in detailed descriptions of relatively preferred embodiments shown in reference solutions. Through descriptions of specific implementation methods, technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve predetermined objectives can be understood more deeply and specifically. However, supplementary descriptions only serve as reference and explanation, and are not used to limit the present invention. To enhance sensing precision, in some embodiments, processing modules can adjust reference parameters or perform calibration, comparison, or analysis according to signal deviations caused by wearing position shifts, environment variations, washing times, or material aging. In some embodiments, stability-related parameters can also be calculated according to fluctuation degrees of sensing data to assist in adjusting measurement references or interpreting abnormal states. When capacitance change differences of a plurality of corresponding positions (such as left and right feet or item symmetrical positions) continue for a period of time, they can serve as reference information for judging force states, wear situations, or measurement anomalies of corresponding items, and output reminder signals as needed. In some embodiments, at least one conductive region of items can form capacitive sensing structures with bodies, other items, or skin conductive regions, and acquire corresponding capacitance values to serve as data for subsequent comparison and determination. In summary, the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of arrangement manners and determination logic of the present invention under different application scenarios, and the protection scope of the present invention should still be defined by the claims. Any equivalent substitutions, modifications, or adjustments made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system that uses the principle of capacitive sensing to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized by comprising: At least one item; At least one conductive zone is set on an object or body; A circuit that provides a single signal; A capacitive sensor is generated between at least one conductive region of the item and the body, between another object, or between the environment or between the conductive zone of the body and the object or environment. Through a capacitor sensor connected in series or parallel, a resistor R, capacitor C, inductor L, operational amplifier, diode, Schmitt trigger, CMOS, transistor, or IC forms a charging or discharge circuit to change the signal range of frequency, period, voltage, or current; When objects and the body, objects to objects, objects to the external environment, or body electrodes to objects, or body electrodes to objects, or body electrodes to the environment; When there is a change in the dielectric constant between the two, such as when the distance changes, or when pressure, tension, torque, or tension changes, or when the force or dielectric constant changes between objects and the body, between objects or between objects and the environment, or between body electrodes and objects or the environment, the capacitance value changes. This signal circuit emits a signal indicating a change in capacitance, which the system receives and measures changes in capacitance, with changes expressed as frequency, period, voltage, or current; and detects changes in user behavior and external environment by measuring physiological changes, posture changes, interactions between the body and objects or the environment or media changes, and between objects and other objects or environments based on changes in capacitance value, capturing the activities of individuals and related interactive objects or the surrounding environment of individuals or objects.

2. The system according to claim 1 that uses the principle of capacitive sensing to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that it has a computer system connected to a capacitive sensor and executes multidimensional learning routines, where the data capacitive sensor reflects the habits, activities, and / or positional changes of the individual, as well as the order in which they occur within the individual, is the individual structure Build one or more behavioral personalized dynamic state models and learning routines for transitions between different states.

3. A system using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 2 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the learning routine also develops one or more customized multidimensional prediction models for the individual, and uses these models to predict possible future behaviors. The notification system issues notifications, warns behaviors, changes in activity associated with unsafe or unexpected outcomes, and transmits the notification or warning to the individual or associated recipient.

4. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the external environment includes changes in temperature, humidity, surface materials, or external forces.

5. A system that uses the capacitor sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that an object and a body, or between objects and objects, directly or indirectly contact the conductive zone, thereby forming a capacitor between the two.

6. Using the capacitor sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and external behavior A system of environmental changes is characterized by items that come into contact with the human body, such as: clothes, hats, pants, masks, socks, shoes, sheets, pillows, gloves, glasses, watches, wristbands, backpacks, leather bags, suitcases, baskets, handbags, skis, ice skates, surfboards, sports equipment, toothbrushes, cigarettes, pens, computers, mobile phones, cars, balls, tires, steering wheels, canes, tablecloths, chairs, carpets, slippers, insoles, seat belts; or artificial products, including robots, prosthetics, prosthetic eyes, and ears.

7. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect changes in user behavior and the external environment, characterized in that the item and the body or the object provide a circuit with a signal to detect capacitance changes.

8. A system using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the conductive zone of the item or body includes: conductive electrodes directly on the surface of the body skin, inside and outside the skin, or only inside the skin; Items that come into direct or indirect contact with the skin, or those with capacitive sensing between the body and the human body; Items are worn in On the user's body, but without capacitive sensing on the skin, it does have capacitive sensing with the external environment; The object and person are not wearable devices but independent cases; the electrodes of the object have capacitive sensing functions between the wearable item or skin; The object has no interaction with the person, but rather a capacitive induction between two objects that have not touched the body; Interaction between people causes changes in capacitance; Capacitive induction in the electrode zone on floors or carpets.

9. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that everyone has a wearable item. Before exercise, warm-up stretches the muscles throughout the body, dynamically stretching to activate the muscles throughout the body, while recalibrating the original standard database data between the object and the person, and then performing behavior detection between the wearable item and the person; The items include: clothes, pants, socks, and shoes.

10. A system using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that different objects detect capacitive sensing data obtained by the user at the same time, enabling more comprehensive detection and processing of behavior patterns, including: wearing clothes with controllers detecting posture changes, and simultaneously measuring human posture on the chair controller, making behavior pattern analysis more accurate and obtaining more information.

11. The system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that it uses objects in different body positions to extract models of behavior and external environmental changes from the capacitance data of each item, and then uses the extracted feature data to perform movements between the human body and objects or between objects.

12. A system using capacitive sensing principles according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the system detects the interaction between the user, objects on the body, or nearby objects, or unapproached objects and the environment. The interaction between them generates capacitance value induced changes to collect the activity of objects, the environment, and the user, and captures changes in the individual's activities or the surrounding environment.

13. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the item referred to is the shoe sole. The conductive zone of the sole detects the user's gait analysis, and capacitance changes vary due to different surface materials, thereby determining the surface material; Additionally, it can detect the interaction between the shoe and the football, identifying the parts where the sole or upper contacts the sole or upper and exerts force on the soccer ball; When people are inside cars, motorcycles, or bicycles, shoes are replaced by wheels.

14. A system using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the physiological information or posture detected at the same position uses items on the user's body or periphery for further confirmation and correction, including: a capacitive induction system inside the vehicle and sensing the body's clothing, pants, socks, and shoes.

15. According to claim 1, a system using capacitive sensing principles to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment is characterized in that the physiological information or posture detected at the same position uses electrodes on the user's skin and peripheral objects for further confirmation and correction. The resulting data is used for analyzing and processing behavioral patterns, especially since the electrodes are on the skin, which serves as a database for correcting the behavior between objects and people.

16. According to claim 14, a system that uses the capacitive sensing principle to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the physiological information or posture detected at the same position uses objects on the user's body or periphery for further confirmation and correction. The sensing of the object corresponds to the capacitive sensing of the bed and pajamas, and the two mutually confirm and calibrate the database.

17. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the object is the sole, and the conductive zone of the sole is measured to analyze the user's gait. At the same time, different surface materials cause different capacitance changes, thus knowing the surface material.

18. The system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 17 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the sole is replaced by a wheel, measuring wheel movement and changes in materials on the ground; The situations mentioned above where the sole is replaced by wheels include: when the person is inside a car, on a motorcycle, or on a bicycle.

19. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the object is the upper and sole of a shoe, measuring the user's gait analysis, its interaction with the football team, and sensing the player's behavior.

20. A system according to claim 1 that uses the principle of capacitive sensing to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the item referred to is flooring, road, lawn, or carpet; In these cases, changes in temperature, pressure, material, and humidity between objects or between people or objects, or between other objects, can cause changes in capacitance.

21. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 9 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that data analysis is used for the formation, representation, modeling, analysis, learning, simulation of individual and group behaviors, as well as understanding the impact, utility, and non-occurrence of behaviors, in order to carry out "behavioral intervention and management."

22. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 9 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that data analysis involves warming up and stretching the muscles throughout the body before exercise, while recalibrating the database data; After exercising, do stretching exercises to re-adjust the items; The items being corrected include: data corrections from the database of clothing, pants, socks, and shoes.

23. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that when an item detects an increase in the capacitance value of a certain part of the body under the same conditions, but the capacitance value of other parts of the object does not change, it indicates an increase in humidity or temperature in a certain part of the body. However, if the sensed capacitance values of objects in all parts of the body increase or decrease, this indicates a change in the temperature or humidity of the body or environment. At this time, we use the change in capacitance of objects that have not come into contact with people to distinguish them. Non-contact items include: shoe soles, uppers, balls,92 and the outer surface of helmets. If their conductivity and capacitance increase or decrease, it indicates environmental changes rather than physical changes.

24. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the reference point of the item is a reference point where the conductive zone contacts the skin as the reference point, and the resulting capacitance sensing is a value; However, when there is material isolation, the reference point does not directly contact the skin, and the change in capacitive sensing includes the reference point generated by the reference point Changes, so we know that the body parts of the reference site have changed.

25. According to claim 24, a system using the capacitive sensing principle to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the electrode at the reference ground of the object does not contact the skin, so when the location of the sensing area of the object does not change, the measured capacitance value is the change in the position of the reference point. The changes include: when standing still on the knee, the measured value at the knee is 200pf, but when the inside of the pants is covered with clothing, the measured value is 166175pf. This is due to changes in the reference point of the waistband due to the influence of breathing.

26. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the item comprises: the reference point for clothing, pants, and socks is the position of stable contact with the body, including a circle of conductive material wrapped around the back, waist, thigh, calf, sole of the foot, or neck as a reference point; another method is to provide multiple points on the clothing and pants as reference points; Additionally, at each sensing point, there is a reference point in contact with the skin, including: a reference point on the elbow, so when the elbow bends, the value of elbow bending is generated.

27. According to claim 24, a system using capacitive sensing principles to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the reference ground for items is shared by other items as the reference point. If the capacitive sensing value obtained is problematic, a new reference point is needed to be replaced. The signal circuit switches to the new reference point, obtaining a better and more stable signal by changing the reference point, while also knowing the results caused by changes in user behavior.

28. A system using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that capacitive sensing analysis combined with the inductance function between the object's electrodes and the user, a 9-axis accelerometer, camera, or GPS positioning system enhances the detection effect of behavior and environmental changes.

29. The system according to claim 1 that uses the capacitive sensing principle to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that sensors of the same item detect different physiological and posture changes in the body, including: a capacitive sensor in pajamas that detects breathing as well as sleeping posture and blanket coverings to assess sleep quality; Abdominal breathing suits and pants monitor the user's standing and sitting posture, breathing information, sweating, and respiratory rate variability (RRV).

30. According to claim 1, a system using capacitive sensing principles to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment is characterized in that the product is a sock or insole, where only two electrode strips on the left and right that do not touch the skin are used to analyze gait. Because the socks fit closely with the foot, the most accurate gait analysis data is measured. Additionally, if the conductive electrodes are on the insole, there may be a problem where the foot does not contact the insole, and the obtained inductive capacitance value may be delayed, requiring delay correction This delay correction includes: calculating the time from the heel or toe approaching the insole to the contact between the foot and the insole, and the time the heel separates from the93 shoe. These two separated conductive plates can be divided into multiple segments, each segment independently sensing a capacitor to the foot, which allows for a clearer understanding of the user's foot relationship with the sock or insole and more accurate gait analysis.

31. The system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the item is a shoe, with two conductive materials not in contact on the sole. The conductive material includes silver fabric. Thus, when walking, different capacitance changes occur due to interaction with the ground, resulting in gait analysis. At the same time, different materials, including asphalt, grass, tiles, and carpets, have different measured sensing capacitance values. This is because the dielectric constants of these materials differ, allowing measurement of the environment with the effect of capacitive induction. That is, the sole does not touch the ground surface, but as it gets closer, the measured capacitance increases. This allows for measurement of the distance and changes between the sole and the ground, rather than just the pressure change between the sole and the ground on the foot. The conductive zone of the foot provides more detailed information, and the changes in the ground produce different capacitance values. Changes on the ground include: When there is water on the ground and the ground unevenly rises and falls, the capacitance value changes. The temperature and humidity of the surface vary through spring, summer, autumn, and winter, resulting in different capacitance variations.

32. According to claim 1, a system using capacitive sensing principles to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that an object is a ball, the ball has two or more conductive zones, and the force of shoes stepping on or kicking the ball and the body blocking the ball is proportional to the change in the ball's capacitance value; Additionally, multiple conductive zones measure the position of the force, the magnitude and direction of the force, The force generated will cover the distance traveled, and GPS and accelerometers are used to determine the ball's trajectory and direction; The ball is a football. Since the hardness and materials of the net and railing differ, whether or not there are conductive electrodes and signal circuits on the football net can measure the soccer ball entering the net. The soccer ball entering the net includes whether the ball goes into the net, the ball does not go into the net, or the ball touches the fence of the net; When a soccer ball is blocked or caught by a defender, the capacitive sensor signals on the defender's body generate a strong signal. At the same time, each player's clothing, pants, and shoes have conductive zones and signal circuits, allowing them to understand the movement relationships among all personnel on the field.

33. According to claim 1, a system using capacitive sensing principles to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that an object is a ball, the ball has two or more conductive zones, the force of the ball hitting the ground when grabbed by hand, and the change in the ball's capacitance value. Multiple conductive zones also detect the position of the force, the magnitude of the force and its direction, and also includes GPs and accelerometers to determine the ball's trajectory and direction. The ball is a basketball, When the basketball's electrodes touch the basketball pad, its capacitance changes significantly. When the basketball touches the metal of the hoop, the controller inside the basketball detects a strong capacitive response. When the basketball enters the net, the capacitance changes but is not an instantaneous signal, because the basketball hits the backboard with a collision force. The net contains conductive materials, causing a noticeable change in capacitance. When skimming the edge or dunking directly, the difference is that during dunking, the hand directly hits the net. The basketball's contact time with the hand is longer than that contact time with the net is shorter. During dunks, the hands touch the hoop, and at the same time, the human movement differs greatly. For edge balls, the body smoothly sends the ball into the hoop. The basketball board also has conductive zones and controllers, and the reactions of the board and the controller are synchronized.

34. According to claim 1, a system using capacitive sensing principles to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that when items such as clothing, pants, socks, baseballs, bats, and baseballs have conductive zones and control systems, the conductive zone in the sole can be measured to analyze the user's gait, and capacitance changes vary due to different surface materials. The measured surface material shows that the baseballer's feet do not leave the ground during the sliding motion, but the body's center of gravityis offset. The capacitance between the sole and the ground decreases, and the entire game process inside the stadium is recorded and analyzed.

35. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the object is the skin electrode, which uses the capacitance value generated by the skin electrode and electrodes at the same position to adjust or correct the position and database of items on the body, including: clothes, pants, socks, gloves, hats, masks, ear muffs, shoes, skirts, prosthetics, dislimbs, belts, belts, backpacks, waist bags, glasses, hiking bags, helmets, and headgear for the metaverse; Better behavioral patterns and analyses are derived from the interaction between electrodes on the skin of objects.

36. The system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 35 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the skin electrodes themselves have control circuits to detect changes in the capacitance of clothing. The skin electrodes are expanded or contracted when the body bends, expand or contract during breathing, external environmental pressure or tension, ambient temperature or humidity, and body humidity or temperature all produce changes in capacitance, thereby measuring capacitance changes at different parts of the body. At the same time, changes in capacitance between positions are measured, including: left leg raised over right leg, left hand placed in front of chest, thereby detecting physiological information such as breathing, posture, humidity, temperature, and analyzing and processing behavioral patterns.

37. According to claim 1, a system that uses the capacitor sensing principle to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the item is a tire of a car, bicycle, and motorcycle. The tire has induction electrodes and control circuits to detect the condition and changes of the tire, and also obtains the external ground conditions. When one of the four tires of the car leaks air, the measured capacitance value of that tire differs greatly from the original value. Additionally, the capacitance sensing values of the other three tires are also different, serving as a tire pressure detector. Each tire touches different surfaces, so understanding the ground conditions helps adjust driving conditions to ensure safety. When the front wheel passes through a dent, the force of the car over the dent is significant. The result of the rear wheel passing the hole is recorded for next time in the same situation. When the tire detects a difference in ground material, the driving method is adjusted—gravel, asphalt, or rainy roads—the friction coefficient also varies, so the driving method should also be adjusted. The interaction between the tire and the driver is used to assess the driver's physical and mental state; The pressure capacitance sensitivity of tires on uphill and downhill sections also differs. At the start of an uphill slope, the front wheel's capacitance increases first; when downhill, the front wheel's capacitance decreases. The double yellow solid lines on the ground divide the road into two-way lanes, prohibiting vehicles from crossing and not making U-turns. When the dielectric constant of the double yellow solid lines differs and the tires are conductive, the tire will record contact and notify the driver.

38. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that when all electrode sheets of the item interact with the user or other items, if the capacitance value between the electrodes at the reference point and the body or other objects is unstable, a new reference electrode is selected as the reference point.

39. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the items include personal items: helmet, safety helmet, hat, swim cap, clothing, pants, glasses, headscarf, mask, watch, wristband, gloves, socks, bed sheet, pillow, insole, earphones, ring, nail patches, and the personal item has a conductive zone with incoming capacitors; The items also include non-close-fitting items: shoe soles, uppers, backpacks, cars, basketball hoops, soccer hoops, floors, tires, balls, chairs, beds, and electrodes on human skin. This creates a database to display internal or external forces at different positions and joints throughout the body, with corresponding values for capacitive induction; Changes in the motion capacitance of other items, changes in environmental capacitance; A computing system that obtains databases for AI operations.

40. A system using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 35 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the skin electrodes are used to measure physiological information, which includes: electrocardiogram, electromyography, brainwaves, body fat, and breathing. The transmission line is used for wireless transmission to the receiver, which includes: a mobile phone; Close-fitting and non-closefitting items include: clothes, pants, socks, shoes, hats, masks. Conductive electrodes on the skin include: totems, paintings, tattoos, or electrode pads applied to the skin. As long as there are wires or electrodes at the same position on close-fitting and non-close-fitting items, they receive capacitive induction from the skin electrode. The wires or electrodes do not directly contact the skin electrodes, meaning the skin electrodes are covered by an insulating layer or non-conductive material. or placing conductive wires or electrodes on close-fitting and nonclose-fitting items on the side of the fabric that is not close to the skin, allowing the fabric sensing circuit to accurately obtain various physiological functions and behavioral information from the human body.

41. The system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the item refers to the vehicle, the driver, and the items on the body, including: steering wheel, seat, seatback, headrest rest, foot brake, seat belt, accelerator, and doors. Conductive electrodes are present at all parts of the item. Under such a system, the driver's behavior, mental state, and breathing can be measured.

42. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 41 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that when the driver wears capacitive sensing clothing and pants, the results measured by the vehicle and the items in the vehicle are mutually corrected, or the correction function is enhanced by a camera.

43. A system that uses the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that two different items have the same measured object, and the capacitance values of the two items mutually sense each other, calibrating the information while detecting the information.

44. A system using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that a capacitive sensor is generated between at least one conductive region of an item and the body, between another object or the environment, or between the skin conductive zone and the object or between the environment, or between the conductive zone of the object and the conductive zone electrodes of the body, and a capacitive sensor generated in the conductive zones of both the item and the other articles, The capacitance values measured by these capacitive sensors build a database.

45. A system using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 1 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that a capacitive sensor is generated between at least one conductive region of an item and the body, between another object or the environment, or between the skin conductive zone and the object or between the environment, or between the conductive zone of the object and the conductive zone electrodes of the body, and a capacitive sensor generated in the conductive zones of both the item and the other articles, The capacitance values measured by these capacitive sensors build a database.

46. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that it includes a computer system connected to a capacitive sensor and executes multidimensional learning routines in response. The data capacitive sensor reflects the habits, activities, and / or positional changes of the behavior of individuals and the sequence in which they occur in the individual, constructing one or more personalized behavioral dynamic state models and learning routines for transitions between different states.

47. The method of using capacitive sensing principles according to claim 46 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that the learning routine also develops one or more customized96 multidimensional prediction models for the individual, and uses these models to predict possible future behaviors. The notification system issues notifications, warns of behavior, changes in activities associated with unsafe or undesirable outcomes based on predictions, and transmits notifications or warnings to the individual or associated recipients.

48. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that the external environment includes changes in temperature, humidity, material on the ground, or external force intervention.

49. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitor sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that objects and the body, and items and objects directly or indirectly, form a capacitor between them.

50. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that the item includes items in contact with the human body, such as: clothes, hats, pants, masks, socks, shoes, bed sheets, pillows, gloves, glasses, watches, wristbands, backpacks, leather bags, suitcases, baskets, handbags, skis, ice skates, surfboards, sports equipment, toothbrushes, cigarettes, pens, computers, mobile phones, cars, balls, tires, steering wheels, canes, Tablecloths, chairs, carpets, slippers, insoles, seat belts; or artificial products, including robots, prosthetics, prosthetic eyes, and ears.

51. The method according to claim 45 for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle, characterized in that the item and the body or the object provide a circuit to detect capacitance changes with other items.

52. A method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that the conductive zone of the item or body includes: conductive electrodes directly on the surface of the body skin, inside and outside the skin, or only inside the skin; Items that come into direct or indirect contact with the skin, or those with capacitive sensing between the body and the human body; The item is worn by the user, but it does not have capacitive sensing on the skin; instead, it does have capacitive sensing with the external environment; The object and person are not wearable devices but independent cases; the electrodes of the object have capacitive sensing functions between the wearable item or skin; The object has no interaction with the person, but rather a capacitive induction between two objects that have not touched the body; Interaction between people causes changes in capacitance; Capacitive induction in the electrode zone on floors or carpets.

53. According to claim 45, a method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using capacitive sensing principles, characterized in that everyone has a wearable item. Before exercise, warm-up stretches the muscles of the entire body, dynamically stretches to activate the whole body's muscles, while recalibrating the original standard database data between the object and the person, and then performs behavior detection between the wearable item and the person; The items include: clothes, pants, socks, and shoes.

54. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that different objects detect capacitive sensing data obtained by the user at the same time, enabling more comprehensive detection and processing of behavior patterns, including: wearing clothes with controllers detecting posture changes, and simultaneously measuring human posture on the chair controller, making behavior pattern analysis more accurate and obtaining more information.

55. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that by utilizing objects in different body positions, the model is extracted from the characteristics of capacitance data changes in each item's capacitance value data and the97 external environment, and then the extracted feature data is used to perform movements between the human body and the object or between objects.

56. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that the system detects between the user, objects on their body, or nearby objects, or objects and the environment that are not approaching. The interaction between them generates capacitance value induced changes to collect the activity, and to capture individual activities or changes in the surrounding environment.

57. According to claim 45, a method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using capacitive sensing principles, characterized in that the referred item is the shoe sole, the conductive zone of the sole is measured to analyze the user's gait, and capacitance changes vary due to different surface materials, thereby determining the surface material; Additionally, it can detect the interaction between the shoe and the football, identifying the parts where the sole or upper contacts the sole or upper and exerts force on the soccer ball; When people are inside cars, motorcycles, or bicycles, shoes are replaced by wheels.

58. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that the physiological information or posture detected at the same position uses objects on the user's body or periphery for further confirmation and correction, including: a capacitive sensing system inside the vehicle and sensing clothing, pants, socks, and shoes.

59. According to claim 45, the method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle is characterized in that the physiological information or posture detected at the same location uses electrodes on the user's skin and peripheral objects for further confirmation and correction. The resulting data is used for analyzing and processing behavioral patterns, especially since the electrodes are on the skin, which is used to calibrate the behavior database between objects and people.

60. According to claim 58, a method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the principle of capacitive sensing, characterized in that the physiological information or posture detected at the same position is further confirmed and corrected using objects on the user's body or periphery. The sensing of the object is that of the bed and the capacitive sensing of pajamas corresponds to each other, and the two mutually confirm and correct the database.

61. According to claim 45, the method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using capacitive sensing principles, characterized in that the object is the sole, and the conductive zone of the sole is measured to analyze the user's gait. At the same time, different surface materials cause different capacitance changes, thus knowing the surface material.

62. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 61, characterized in that the sole is replaced by a wheel, measuring the movement of the wheel and changes in the material on the ground; The situations mentioned above where the sole is replaced by wheels include: when the person is inside a car, on a motorcycle, or on a bicycle.

63. According to claim 45, a method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the principle of capacitive sensing, characterized in that the object is the upper and sole of a shoe, measuring the user's gait analysis, its interaction with the football team, and sensing the player's behavior.

64. he method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that the object referred to is the floor, road, grass, or carpet; In these cases, changes in temperature, pressure, material, and humidity between objects or between people or objects, or between other objects, can cause changes in capacitance.

65. The method of using capacitive sensing principles according to claim 54 to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment is characterized in that data analysis is used to form, represent, compute, model, analyze, learn, simulate individual and group behaviors, and to understand the impact, utility, and non-occurrence behaviors of behavior, in order to carry out "behavioral intervention and management."

66. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 54, characterized in that data analysis involves warming up and stretching the muscles throughout the body before exercise, while recalibrating the database data; After exercising, do stretching exercises to re-adjust the items; The items being corrected include: data corrections from the database of clothing, pants, socks, and shoes.

67. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that when an item detects an increase in the capacitance value of a certain part of the body under the same conditions, but the capacitance value of the object in other parts does not change, it indicates an increase in the humidity or temperature of a certain part of the body. However, if the sensed capacitance value of objects in all parts of the body increases or decreases, this indicates a change in the temperature or humidity of the body or environment. At this time, we use the change in capacitance of objects that have not come into contact with people to distinguish them. Non-contact items include: shoe soles, uppers, balls, and the outer surface of helmets. If their conductivity and capacitance increase or decrease, it indicates environmental changes rather than physical changes.

68. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that the reference point of the item is the conductive zone in contact with the skin as the reference point, and the resulting capacitance sensing is a value; However, when material is used for isolation, the reference point does not directly contact the skin. At this point, changes in capacitive sensing include changes caused by the reference point, so it is known that the reference point has changed in body parts.

69. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 68, characterized in that the electrode at the reference ground of the object does not contact the skin, so when the location of the sensing area of the object does not change, the measured capacitance value is the change in the position of the reference point, including: the number of knees measured while standing still The value is 200pf, but when the pants are inside, the measurement is 166-175pf, which is due to changes in the waistband reference area due to breathing effects.

70. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the principle of capacitive sensing according to claim 45, characterized in that the item comprises: the reference point for clothing, pants, and socks is the position of stable contact with the body, including a circle of conductive material around the back, waist, thigh, calf, soles of the feet, or neck as reference points; another method is to provide multiple points on the clothing and pants as reference points; Additionally, at each sensing point, there is a reference point in contact with the skin, including: a reference point on the elbow, so when the elbow bends, the value of elbow bending is generated.

71. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 68 is characterized in that the reference point of the item is shared by other items as the reference point. If the capacitive sensing value obtained is problematic, a new reference point is needed to switch to the new reference point. By switching the reference point, a better and more stable signal can be obtained, while also knowing the results caused by changes in user behavior.

72. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that capacitive sensing analysis combined with the inductance function between the electrodes of an object and the user, a 9-axis accelerometer, camera, or GPS positioning system enhances the detection effect of behavior and environmental changes.

73. According to claim 45, a method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using a capacitive sensing principle, characterized in that sensors of the same item detect changes in different physiological and posture of the body, including: a capacitive sensor in pajamas detects breathing as well as sleeping posture and blanket use to assess sleep quality; abdominal breathing gowns and breathing pants detect the user's standing and sitting posture, breathing information, sweating, and respiratory rate variability (RRV).

74. According to claim 45, a method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using a capacitive sensing principle is characterized in that the item is a sock or insole, where only two electrode strips on the left and right that do not touch the skin are used for gait analysis. Since the socks fit closely with the foot, the most accurate gait analysis data is measured. Additionally, if the conductive electrodes are on the insole, there may be a problem that the foot does not contact the insole, and the obtained inductive capacitance value may also be delayed. Delay correction is required, including: the time from the heel or toe approaching the insole to the contact between the foot and the insole, and the time the heel separates from the shoe. These two separated conductive plates are divided into multiple segments, each independently sensing the foot capacitor, which allows for a clearer understanding of the user's foot relationship with the sock or insole and more accurate gait analysis.

75. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that the item referred to is a shoe, with two conductive materials not in contact on the soles. The conductive materials include silver fabric. Thus, when walking, different capacitance changes occur due to interaction with the ground, resulting in gait analysis. Different materials, including asphalt, grass, tiles, and carpets, have different measured sensing capacitance values This is because the dielectric constants of these materials are different. This allows us to measure the environment. Similarly, there is still a capacitive induction effect. That is, the sole does not touch the ground surface, but as it gets closer, the measured capacitance increases. This allows us to measure the distance and changes between the sole and the ground, rather than just the pressure change between the sole and the ground when stepping on the ground. The conductive zone of the foot provides more detailed information, and the capacitance generated by changes on the ground varies. Changes on the ground include: : When there is water on the ground and the ground unevenly rises and falls, the capacitance value will differ. The temperature and humidity of the surface in spring, summer, autumn, and winter will also vary, resulting in different capacitance variations.

76. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that an object is a ball, the ball has two or more conductive zones, and the force of shoes stepping on the ball, shoe kicking, and the body's blocking force is proportional to the change in the ball's capacitance value; Additionally, multiple conductive zones measure the position of the force, the magnitude and direction of the force, and the distance the force will travel. GPS and accelerometers are also used to determine the ball's trajectory and direction; The ball is a football. Because the hardness and materials of the net and railing differ, whether or not there are conductive electrodes and signal circuits on the football net, the ball entering the net can be measured. The ball entering the net includes the ball entering the net Net, soccer ball not in the net, or the soccer ball hitting the railing of the net; When a soccer ball is blocked or caught by a defender, the capacitive sensor signals on the defender's body generate a strong signal. At the same time, each player's clothing, pants, and shoes have conductive zones and signal circuits, allowing them to understand the movement relationships among all personnel on the field.

77. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that the object is a ball, the ball has two or more conductive zones, the ball is grabbed by hand, and the force the ball hits the ground is proportional to the change in the ball'scapacitance value. Multiple conductive zones also measure the position of the force, the magnitude of the force and its direction, and simultaneously includes GPS and accelerometers to determine the ball's trajectory and direction. The ball is a basketball, When the basketball's electrodes touch the basketball pad, its capacitance changes significantly. When the basketball touches the metal of the hoop, the controller inside the basketball detects a strong capacitive response. When the basketball enters the net, the capacitance changes but is not an instantaneous signal, because the basketball hits the backboard with a collision force. The net contains conductive materials, causing a noticeable change in capacitance. When skimming the edge or dunking directly, the difference is that during dunking, the hand directly hits the net. The basketball's contact time with the hand is longer than that contact time with the net is shorter. During dunks, the hands touch the hoop, and at the same time, the human movement differs greatly. For edge balls, the body smoothly sends the ball into the hoop. The basketball board also has conductive zones and controllers, and the reactions of the board and the controller are synchronized.

78. According to claim 45, a method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the principle of capacitive sensing, characterized in that when an item such as clothing, pants, baseball, bat, or base bag has a conductive zone and control system, measuring the conductive zone of the sole allows for gait analysis, and the capacitance changes vary due to different surface materials. The surface material is measured, and the baseball's sliding motion does not leave the ground, but the body's center of gravity shifts, causing the capacitance value between the sole and the ground to decrease. The entire game process inside the stadium is recorded and analyzed.

79. According to claim 45, a method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the principle of capacitive sensing, characterized in that when an item such as clothing, pants, baseball, bat, or base bag has a conductive zone and control system, measuring the conductive zone of the sole allows for gait analysis, and the capacitance changes vary due to different surface materials. The surface material is measured, and the baseball's sliding motion does not leave the ground, but the body's center of gravity shifts, causing the capacitance value between the sole and the ground to decrease. The entire game process inside the stadium is recorded and analyzed.

80. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment according to the principle of capacitive sensing according to claim 79, characterized in that the skin electrodes themselves have control circuits to detect changes in the capacitance of clothing. The skin electrodes are expanded or contracted when the body bends, expand or contract during breathing, external environmental pressure or tension, ambient temperature or humidity, and body humidity or temperature changes cause changes in capacitance. This allows measurement of capacitance changes at different parts of the body, as well as capacitance changes between positions, including: left leg raised over right leg, left hand placed in front of chest, thereby measuring physiological information such as breathing, posture, humidity, and analyzing behavioral patterns.

81. he method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitor sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that the tires of automobiles, bicycles, and motorcycles are equipped with induction electrodes and control circuits to detect the condition and changes of the tires, and also obtain the external ground conditions. When one of the four tires of a car leaks air, the measured capacitance value of that tire differs greatly from the original value. Additionally, the capacitance sensing values of the other three tires also differ, serving as a tire pressure detector. Each tire touches different surfaces, so understanding the ground conditions helps adjust driving conditions to ensure safety. When the front wheel passes through a dent, the force of the car over the dent is significant. The result of the rear wheel passing the hole is recorded for next time in the same situation. When the tire detects a difference in ground material, the driving method is adjusted— gravel, asphalt, or rainy roads—the friction coefficient also varies, so the driving method should also be adjusted. The interaction between the tire and the driver is used to assess the driver's physical and mental state; The pressure capacitance of tires varies between uphill and downhill sections. At the start of an uphill slope, the front wheel's capacitance increases first; when downhill, the front wheel's capacitance decreases. The double yellow solid lines on the ground divide the road into two-way lanes, prohibiting vehicles from crossing and not makingU-turns. When the dielectric constant of the double yellow solid lines is different and the material is conductive, the tire contacts the driver and records the information.

82. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that when all electrode sheets of the item interact with the user or other objects, if the capacitance value between the electrodes at the reference point and the body or other objects is unstable, a new reference electrode is selected as the reference point.

83. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that the items include personal items: helmet, safety helmet, hat, swim cap, clothing, pants, glasses, headscarf, mask, watch, wristband, gloves, socks, bed sheet, pillow, insole, earphones, ring, nail patches, and the personal item has a conductive zone to measure capacitance; The items also include non-close-fitting items: shoe soles, uppers, backpacks, cars, basketball hoops, soccer hoops, floors, tires, balls, chairs, beds, and electrodes on human skin. This creates a database to display internal or external forces at different positions and joints throughout the body, with corresponding values for capacitive induction; Changes in the motion capacitance of other items, changes in environmental capacitance; A computing system that obtains databases for AI operations.

84. According to claim 79, the method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using capacitive sensing principles, characterized in that the skin electrodes are used to measure physiological information, which includes: electrocardiogram, electromyography, brainwave, body fat, and respiration. The transmission line is used for wireless transmission to the receiver, which includes: a mobile phone; Close-fitting and non-close-fitting items include: clothes, pants, socks, shoes, hats, masks. Conductive electrodes on the skin include: totems, paintings, tattoos, or electrode pads applied to the skin. As long as there are wires or electrodes at the same position on close-fitting and non-close-fitting items, they receive capacitive induction from the skin electrode. The wires or electrodes do not directly contact the skin electrodes, meaning the skin electrodes are covered by an insulating layer or non-conductive material. or placing conductive wires or electrodes on closefitting and non-close-fitting items on the side of the fabric that is not close to the skin, allowing the fabric sensing circuit to accurately obtain various physiological functions and behavioral information from the human body.

85. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that the item refers to the vehicle, the driver, and the objects on the body, including: the steering wheel, seat, seatback, headrest, foot brake, seat belt, accelerator, and doors. The items are equipped with conductive electrodes, and under such a system, the driver's behavior, mental state, and breathing are measured.

86. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 85, characterized in that when the driver wears capacitive sensing clothing and pants, the results measured by the vehicle and the measured items in the vehicle are mutually corrected, or the correction function is enhanced by a camera.

87. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that two different items have the same measured object, and the capacitance values of the two items mutually sense each other, calibrating while detecting information.

88. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that a capacitive sensor is generated between at least one conductive region of an item and the body, between another object or the environment, or between the skin conductive zone and the object or between the environment, or between the conductive zone of the object and the conductive zone electrode of the object, or a capacitive sensor generated between the conductive zone of the item102 and the conductive zone electrodes of the body, and a capacitive sensor generated in the conductive zone of both the item and another article, The capacitance values measured by these capacitive sensors build a database.

89. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that it uses the capacitive value of an object to analyze gait to predict changes in the bending angle of the knee or hip joint, or to use the inductive capacitance sensed by the object at the knee or hip joint to predict the posture or condition of the foot.

90. The method for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that it uses the capacitance value of an object to analyze gait by an object to calibrate the capacitance database data of items sensing the knee or hip joint, or to use the induced capacitance value value sensed by the object at the knee or hip joint to calibrate the data in the capacitance value database sensed by the object in the foot.

Images