Femoral trial component and associated orthopaedic surgical methods

Abstract

The invention is entitled "Femoral Trial Components and Associated Orthopedic Methods of Use." The invention discloses an orthopedic system for a total knee implant comprising a plurality of femoral trial components of universal size. Each femoral trial component of universal size comprises a first femoral condyle having a first articulating surface configured to engage a tibial component, and a second femoral condyle that is spaced apart from the first femoral condyle. The second femoral condyle has a second articulating surface configured to engage the tibial component. An anterior cam is positioned between the first femoral condyle and the second femoral condyle. A method of using such a system is also disclosed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to orthotic knee prosthesis systems, and more specifically, to orthotic knee prosthesis systems including anteriorly stable orthotic knee prostheses for total knee arthroplasty. Background Technology

[0002] Total knee replacement (TKR), also known as total knee arthroplasty (TKA), is a surgical procedure that removes worn, diseased, or damaged surfaces of the knee joint and replaces them with artificial surfaces. Orthopedic knee implants typically have three components: a distal femoral component, a proximal tibial component, and a support component positioned between them. Summary of the Invention

[0003] According to one aspect of this disclosure, an orthopedic surgical system for total knee implants may include multiple femoral specimen components of a universal size. Each universal-size femoral specimen component may include a first femoral condyle having a first articular motion surface configured to engage a tibial component. A first osseous surface may be positioned opposite to the first articular motion surface and configured to engage the distal end of a patient's femur. A second femoral condyle may be spaced apart from the first femoral condyle. The second femoral condyle may have a second articular motion surface configured to engage a tibial component. A second osseous surface may be positioned opposite to the second articular motion surface and configured to engage the distal end of a patient's femur. An anterior cam may be positioned between the first and second femoral condyles. The anterior cam may be configured to engage the anterior surface of the tibial component. A plug may extend away from the first osseous surface. An anteroposterior distance may be defined between the plug and the anterior cam. Each of the multiple universal-sized femoral specimen components may have an anterior-posterior distance that differs from the anterior-posterior distance of every other universal-sized femoral specimen component included in the multiple universal-sized femoral specimen components.

[0004] In some embodiments, the anterior cam may include a posterior surface configured to engage the anterior surface of the tibial component. A plug may be positioned posterior to the anterior cam. Each of the plurality of universal-sized femoral specimen components may also include a second plug extending away from the second bone surface. The first and second plugs may be positioned equidistant from the anterior cam in the anteroposterior direction.

[0005] In some embodiments, the plurality of general-sized femoral specimen components may include a first femoral specimen component and a second femoral specimen component. The second femoral specimen component may have an anterior-posterior distance that is approximately 1.5 mm smaller than that of the first femoral specimen component. The plurality of general-sized femoral specimen components may include a third femoral specimen component, which has an anterior-posterior distance that is approximately 1.5 mm larger than that of the first femoral specimen component.

[0006] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the orthopedic surgical system may include a tibial component including a first support surface. A second support surface may be spaced apart from the first support surface. A column may be positioned between the first and second support surfaces. A plurality of universal-sized femoral specimen components may be configured to articulate relative to the tibial component between a fully extended position and a fully flexed position. Each of the plurality of universal-sized femoral specimen components may include a first femoral condyle having a first articulation surface sized and shaped to articulate on a first support surface and a first osseous surface of the tibial component, the first osseous surface being positioned opposite to the first articulation surface and configured to engage the distal end of the patient's femur. A second femoral condyle may be spaced apart from the first femoral condyle. The second femoral condyle may have a second articular motion surface and a second lateral bone surface, the second articular motion surface being sized and shaped to allow articular movement on a second support surface of the tibial component, the second lateral bone surface being positioned opposite to the second articular motion surface and configured to engage the distal end of the patient's femur. An anterior cam may be positioned between the first and second femoral condyles. The anterior cam may have a posterior surface configured to engage the anterior surface of a post of the tibial component. A plug may be positioned posterior to the anterior cam, extending away from the first lateral bone surface, and configured to engage the distal end of the patient's femur to fix the femoral specimen component relative to the patient's femur. An anteroposterior distance may be defined between the plug and the anterior cam. Each of a plurality of universal-sized femoral specimen components may have an anteroposterior distance different from the anteroposterior distance of every other universal-sized femoral specimen component included in the plurality of universal-sized femoral specimen components.

[0007] In some embodiments, when the femoral and tibial components are in fully extended positions, the posterior surface of the anterior cam of each general-sized femoral component may engage the anterior surface of the column. A first femoral component may be configured to position the patient's femur relative to the patient's tibia in a first test position when the tibial component is fixed to the patient's tibia, with the first femoral component fixed relative to the patient's femur and both the first femoral component and the tibial component in a fully extended position. Multiple femoral components may include a second femoral component having a smaller anteroposterior distance than the first femoral component. The second femoral component may be configured to position the patient's femur relative to the patient's tibia in a second test position when the tibial component is fixed to the patient's tibia, with the second femoral component fixed relative to the patient's femur and both the second femoral component and the tibial component in a fully extended position. The second test position of the patient's femur may be anterior to the first test position. Multiple femoral test pieces may include a third femoral test piece having a larger anteroposterior distance than the first femoral test piece. The third femoral test piece may be configured to position the patient's femur relative to the patient's tibia in a third test position when the tibial component is fixed to the patient's tibia, with the third femoral test piece fixed relative to the patient's femur and both the third femoral test piece and the tibial component in a fully extended position. The third test position of the patient's femur may be posterior to the first test position. In some embodiments, during joint movement of the femoral test piece relative to the tibial component toward a fully flexed position, the posterior surface of the anterior cam of each general-sized femoral test piece may disengage from the anterior surface of the column.

[0008] In some embodiments, each general-sized femoral specimen component may include a second plug extending away from the second bone surface. The first and second plugs may be spaced apart by a first medial-lateral distance and may be positioned equidistant from the anterior cam in the anteroposterior direction.

[0009] In some embodiments, the cutting block may include a bone-jointing surface. An outer surface may be positioned opposite to the bone-jointing surface. A pair of guide holes may include a first guide hole and a second guide hole, each extending through the bone-jointing surface and the outer surface of the cutting block. The first and second guide holes may be spaced apart by a second inner-outer distance equal to a first inner-outer distance. The cutting block may include multiple pairs of guide holes extending through the bone-jointing surface and the outer surface of the cutting block. Each pair of guide holes may include a first guide hole and a second guide hole spaced apart by a second inner-outer distance.

[0010] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a method of using an orthopedic surgical system may include fixing a tibial component to the proximal end of a patient's tibia. The method may further include selecting a first femoral specimen component comprising: a first femoral condyle; a second femoral condyle spaced apart from the first femoral condyle; an anterior cam positioned between the first and second femoral condyles; a first plug extending from the first femoral condyle, positioned posterior to the anterior cam, and spaced apart from the anterior cam by a first anteroposterior distance; and a second plug extending from the second femoral condyle, positioned posterior to the anterior cam, and spaced apart from the anterior cam by the first anteroposterior distance. The method may further include inserting the first and second plugs of the first femoral specimen component into a pair of surgically prepared holes formed in the distal end of the patient's femur to fix the first femoral specimen component relative to the patient's femur. The method may further include removing the first femoral specimen component from the patient's femur. The method may further include selecting a second femoral specimen component comprising: a first femoral condyle; a second femoral condyle spaced apart from the first femoral condyle; an anterior cam positioned between the first and second femoral condyles; a first plug extending from the first femoral condyle, positioned posterior to the anterior cam and spaced apart from the anterior cam by a second anteroposterior distance; and a second plug extending from the second femoral condyle, positioned posterior to the anterior cam and spaced apart from the anterior cam by the second anteroposterior distance. The second anteroposterior distance may be less than the first anteroposterior distance. The method may further include inserting the first and second plugs of the second femoral specimen component into a pair of surgically prepared holes formed in the distal end of the patient's femur to fix the second femoral specimen component relative to the patient's femur.

[0011] In some embodiments, the method may include aligning a pair of guide holes in a femoral cutting block with a pair of fixation pins inserted into surgically prepared holes formed in the distal end of the patient's femur. The femoral cutting block may have a bone-joining surface and an outer surface positioned opposite to the bone-joining surface. The pair of guide holes may extend through the bone-joining surface and the outer surface of the femoral cutting block. The method may also include advancing the femoral cutting block into engagement with the distal end of the patient's femur by advancing the guide holes along the fixation pins.

[0012] In some embodiments, the method may include selecting a third femoral specimen component comprising: a first femoral condyle; a second femoral condyle spaced apart from the first femoral condyle; an anterior cam positioned between the first and second femoral condyles; a first plug extending from the first femoral condyle, positioned posterior to the anterior cam, and spaced apart from the anterior cam by a third anteroposterior distance; and a second plug extending from the second femoral condyle, positioned posterior to the anterior cam, and spaced apart from the anterior cam by a third anteroposterior distance. The third anteroposterior distance may be greater than the first anteroposterior distance. The method may further include inserting the first and second plugs of the third femoral specimen component into a pair of surgically prepared holes formed in the distal end of the patient's femur to fix the third femoral specimen component relative to the patient's femur.

[0013] In some embodiments, the method may include rotating a first femoral specimen component relative to a tibial component to a fully extended position to move the patient's femur to a first position relative to the patient's tibia. The method may also include rotating a second femoral specimen component relative to the tibial component to a fully extended position to move the patient's femur to a second position relative to the patient's tibia. The second position may be anterior to the first position. The method may further include rotating a third femoral specimen component relative to the tibial component to a fully extended position to move the patient's femur to a third position relative to the patient's tibia. The third position may be posterior to the first position.

[0014] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an orthopedic surgical system for total knee implants may include a cutting block comprising a bone-jointing surface, an outer surface positioned opposite to the bone-jointing surface, a first guide hole, and a second guide hole positioned anterior to the first guide hole such that a first anterior-posterior distance is defined between the first and second guide holes. Multiple universal-sized femoral specimen components may be provided. Each universal-sized femoral specimen component may include a first femoral condyle having a first articular motion surface configured to engage a tibial component and a first osseous surface positioned opposite to the first articular motion surface and configured to engage the distal end of a patient's femur. A second femoral condyle may be spaced apart from the first femoral condyle. The second femoral condyle may have a second articular motion surface configured to engage a tibial component. The second osseous surface may be positioned opposite to the second articular motion surface and configured to engage the distal end of a patient's femur. An anterior cam may be positioned between the first and second femoral condyles. The anterior cam may be configured to engage the anterior surface of the tibial component. The plug may extend away from the first bone surface. The anteroposterior distance may be defined between the plug and the anterior cam in each of a plurality of universal-sized femoral specimen components. The plurality of universal-sized femoral specimen components may include a first universal-sized femoral specimen component and a second universal-sized femoral specimen component. The difference between the anteroposterior distance of the first universal-sized femoral specimen component and the anteroposterior distance of the second universal-sized femoral specimen component may be equal to the first anteroposterior distance of the cutting block.

[0015] In some embodiments, the difference between the anterior-posterior distance of the first general-size femoral specimen component and the anterior-posterior distance of the second general-size femoral specimen component may be 1.5 mm. The first anterior-posterior distance of the cutting block may be 1.5 mm.

[0016] In some embodiments, a third guide hole may be positioned behind the first guide hole, such that a second anterior-posterior distance is defined between the first and third guide holes. Multiple general-sized femoral specimen components may include a third general-sized femoral specimen component. The difference between the anterior-posterior distance of the first general-sized femoral specimen component and the anterior-posterior distance of the third general-sized femoral specimen component may be equal to the second anterior-posterior distance of the cutting block. The difference between the anterior-posterior distance of the first general-sized femoral specimen component and the anterior-posterior distance of the third general-sized femoral specimen component may be 1.5 mm. The second anterior-posterior distance of the cutting block may be 1.5 mm. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The specific implementation method refers to the following figures, in which:

[0018] Figure 1 An exploded perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of an alternative knee prosthesis that provides anterior stability;

[0019] Figure 2 An exploded perspective view of an exemplary femoral specimen component and a tibial support component;

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Top plan view of the femoral specimen component;

[0021] Figure 4 Top plan view of multiple femoral specimen components with biasing plugs;

[0022] Figure 5 To illustrate the location on the distal end of the femur Figure 4 A side perspective view of one of the femoral specimen components;

[0023] Figure 6 A side perspective view is provided to show a femoral specimen component positioned on the distal end of the femur and a tibial component positioned on the proximal end of the tibia, wherein the femoral specimen component and the tibial component are positioned in full flexion.

[0024] Figure 7 For similar Figure 6 The view shows the femoral and tibial components positioned in full extension;

[0025] Figure 8 To illustrate the use of Figure 4 Side perspective views of various test positions generated from multiple femoral specimen components;

[0026] Figure 9 To show a side perspective view of the femoral specimen component removed from the distal end of the femur; and

[0027] Figure 10A side perspective view showing the cut block positioned on the distal end of the femur. Detailed Implementation

[0028] While the concepts of this disclosure are readily available in various modifications and alternatives, specific exemplary embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the accompanying drawings and will be described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that the concepts of this disclosure are not intended to be limited to the specific forms disclosed, but rather are intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

[0029] Throughout this specification, when referring to orthopedic implants or prostheses and the surgical instruments described herein, as well as the natural anatomy of a patient, terms indicating anatomical reference, such as anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, superior, inferior, etc., may be used. These terms have well-known meanings in anatomical studies and the field of orthopedic surgery. Unless otherwise stated, these anatomical reference terms used in the written details and claims are intended to be consistent with their well-known meanings.

[0030] See now Figure 1 An exemplary embodiment of an orthopedic knee implant 10 for use with total arthroplasty is shown. The implant 10 includes a femoral component 12 and a tibial component 14, the tibial component being configured to allow joint movement of the femoral component 12 within a certain range of flexion. In this exemplary embodiment, the tibial component 14 includes a tibial support insert 18 configured to attach to, for example, a tibial support (not shown), which is fixed to the proximal end of the patient's tibia. Such a support may include a rod configured to be received within the medullary canal of the tibia. It should be understood that the support may provide a fixed support interface to lock the orientation of the tibial support insert 18 to the tibial support, or a movable support interface that allows the tibial support insert 18 to move independently of the tibial support. Additionally, in other embodiments, the tibial support and the tibial support insert may be combined into a single integral component.

[0031] The femoral component 12 is exemplary formed of a metallic material such as cobalt-chromium or titanium, but in other embodiments, it may be formed of other materials such as ceramic materials, polymer materials, bioengineered materials, etc. The tibial support insert 18 is exemplary formed of a polymer material such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), but in other embodiments, it may be formed of other materials such as ceramic materials, metallic materials, bioengineered materials, etc.

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, the femoral component 12 is exemplarily a posterior cruciate ligament-preserving orthopedic femoral component, which includes a posterior interruption or gap 20 between the lateral condyle 22 and the medial condyle 24 to allow the femoral component to move between maximum extension and maximum flexion without impinging on the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) preserved in total knee arthroplasty. Conversely, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is sacrificed or removed in total knee arthroplasty. Those skilled in the art are well aware of the posterior restraint resulting from the preservation of the posterior cruciate ligament, and also of the lack of anterior restraint resulting from the loss of the ACL.

[0033] The exemplary femoral component 12 includes a pair of condyles 22, 24, each having an arcuate shape to allow smooth articulation of the femur relative to the tibia. Generally, the femoral component includes an anterior portion 26 and a posterior portion 28. The anterior portion 26 includes an anterior outer surface 30 with a groove 32 adapted to receive at least a portion of the patellar component. The femoral component 12 also includes an anterior cam 36, as described in more detail below, configured to engage a post 38 of the tibial component 14.

[0034] The implant 10 also includes a tibial support insert 18. As described above, the tibial support insert 18 includes support surfaces 54, 56 adapted to receive and engage the condyles 22, 24 of the femoral component 12. The two support surfaces 54, 56 are partially separated from each other by a post 38 erected from the tibial support insert 18. In this exemplary embodiment, the post 38 is integrally formed with the tibial support insert 18. However, it should be understood that the post 38 is detachable from the tibial support insert 18, and its position is independent of the position / movement of the tibial support insert.

[0035] The column 38 has an anterior surface or wall 100 configured to engage the posterior surface 60 of the cam 36 of the femoral component 12 when the implant 10 (and therefore the knee) is in full extension and partial flexion. The column 38 also includes a curved anterior section 102 sized to ensure disengagement of the cam 36 from the column 38. It should be understood that the column 38 may include other structures sized and shaped to ensure disengagement of the cam 36 from the column 38.

[0036] like Figure 2As shown, the femoral specimen component 150 is configured to articulate between full extension and full flexion relative to the tibial support insert 18 to provide testing for the femoral component 12. The femoral specimen component 150 includes a medial femoral condyle 152 and a lateral femoral condyle 154. The medial femoral condyle 152 and the lateral femoral condyle 154 are connected by a front cam 156 having a posterior surface 158. The posterior surface 158 is configured to engage the anterior surface 100 of the post 38 when the femoral specimen component 150 is positioned in full extension relative to the tibial support insert 18. The posterior surface 158 is configured to disengage from the anterior surface 100 of the post 38 when the femoral specimen component 150 is positioned in full flexion relative to the tibial support insert 18.

[0037] The medial femoral condyle 152 includes a medial articular movement surface 170 on the lower side 172 of the femoral specimen component 150. The medial articular movement surface 170 is configured to articulate relative to the support surface 56 of the tibial support insert 18. A medial bone surface 174 extends along the upper side 176 of the femoral specimen component 150 opposite to the medial articular movement surface 170. The medial bone surface 174 is configured to be positioned against the resected end of the femur in the patient. An internal plug 180 extends upward from the medial bone surface 174.

[0038] The lateral femoral condyle 154 includes a lateral articular movement surface 190 on the underside 172 of the femoral specimen component 150. The lateral articular movement surface 190 is configured to articulate relative to the support surface 54 of the tibial support insert 18. A medial bone surface 194 extends along the superior side 176 of the femoral specimen component opposite to the lateral articular movement surface 190. The lateral bone surface 194 is configured to be positioned against the resected end of the femur in the patient. An external plug 200 extends upward from the lateral bone surface 194.

[0039] See Figure 3 An imaginary line 208 extends tangentially in the inward and outward directions, passing through the last point 206 of the rear surface 158 of the front cam 156. The inner bolt 180 and outer bolt 200 are aligned along an imaginary line 210 extending parallel to the imaginary line 208. The imaginary line 210 is positioned behind the rear surface 158. Thus, the inner bolt 180 and outer bolt 200 are positioned behind the rear surface 158 of the front cam 156. The imaginary line 210 is positioned a distance 212 from the imaginary line 208. Therefore, the inner bolt 180 and outer bolt 200 are positioned a distance 212 from the imaginary line 208. That is, the inner bolt 180 and outer bolt 200 are positioned at an equal distance from the rear surface 158.

[0040] See now Figure 4Multiple universally sized femoral specimen components 250 include femoral specimen component 150, femoral specimen component 252, and femoral specimen component 254. The femoral specimen components are universally sized across a range of different sized femoral components 12. Figure 4 In the orientation, each of the femoral specimen components 150, 252, and 254 is aligned along its front end 260. An imaginary line 210 extends across each component 150, 252, and 254. The imaginary line 210 extends through the inner plug 180 and outer plug 200 of the femoral specimen component 150. The inner plug 180 and outer plug 200 are positioned at a distance 212 from the imaginary line 208.

[0041] The femoral specimen component 252 includes a plug 270 offset from the imaginary line 210. The plug 270 is positioned anterior to the imaginary line 210 such that it is positioned anterior-posterior to the imaginary line 208 at a distance 272. Distance 272 is less than distance 212. In an exemplary embodiment, distance 272 is 1.5 mm smaller than distance 212. In other embodiments, distance 272 may be between 0.5 mm and 3 mm smaller than distance 212.

[0042] The femoral specimen component 254 includes a plug 280 offset from the imaginary line 210. The plug 280 is positioned behind the imaginary line 210 such that it is positioned an anterior-posterior distance 282 from the imaginary line 208. Distance 282 is greater than distance 212. In an exemplary embodiment, distance 282 is 1.5 mm greater than distance 212. In other embodiments, distance 282 may be between 0.5 mm and 3 mm greater than distance 212.

[0043] The femoral specimen component 150 is configured to position the patient's femur relative to the patient's tibia at the test position 300 when the tibial component 14 is fixed to the patient's tibia. Figure 8 (as shown in the diagram). The femoral specimen component 150 is also configured to position the patient's femur in the test position 300 when the femoral specimen component 150 is fixed relative to the patient's femur and the femoral specimen component 150 and the tibia component 14 are in the fully extended position.

[0044] The femoral specimen component 252 is configured to position the patient's femur relative to the patient's tibia at test position 302 when the tibial component 14 is fixed to the patient's tibia. Figure 8 (As shown in the diagram). The femoral specimen component 252 is also configured to position the patient's femur in test position 302 when the femoral specimen component 252 is fixed relative to the patient's femur and the femoral specimen component 252 and the tibial component 14 are in the fully extended position. As shown in Figure 8 As can be seen, the patient's femur at test position 302 is in front of test position 300.

[0045] The femoral specimen component 254 is configured to position the patient's femur relative to the patient's tibia in a third test position 304 when the tibial component 14 is fixed to the patient's tibia. Figure 8 (As shown in the diagram). The femoral specimen component 254 is also configured to position the patient's femur in test position 304 when the femoral specimen component 254 is fixed relative to the patient's femur and the femoral specimen component 254 and the tibial component 14 are in the fully extended position. As shown in Figure 8 As can be seen, the patient's femur at test position 304 is behind test position 300.

[0046] It should be noted that the plurality of general-sized femoral specimen components 250 may include any number of femoral specimen components 250. The plurality of components 250 may include any number of components 250 with plugs positioned at various anterior distances from the imaginary line 210. The plurality of components 250 may also include any number of components 250 with plugs positioned at various posterior distances from the imaginary line 210.

[0047] See now Figure 5 During the orthopedic surgery, the patient's tibia 330 is removed to form a smooth surface 332 on the proximal end 334 of the tibia 330. Additionally, the patient's femur 310 is removed distally to form a smooth condylar surface 312. A frame incision 314 is formed between the condylar surfaces 312. A guide hole 316 is also formed in the surface 312. An example of the method used to perform the distal resection and frame incision, and to form the guide hole, is summarized below. Knee joint system: Intuition TM The system described in Instrumental Surgical Techniques (Revised 4) is commercially available from DePuy Synthes and is explicitly incorporated herein by reference.

[0048] Femoral specimen components, such as femoral specimen component 150, can be fixed to the distal end 320 of the femur 310, such as... Figure 6 As shown. The femoral specimen component 150 is fixed such that the inner plug 180 and the outer plug 200 are received in the guide hole 316. The femoral component 150 engages with the femur 310 such that the medial bone surface 174 and the lateral bone surface 194 contact the surface 312 of the femur.

[0049] The tibial component 14, having the tibial insert 18, is fixed to the proximal end 334 of the tibia 330 and positioned against surface 332. It should be understood that, in other embodiments, the tibial component may be a tibial specimen component attached to the proximal end 334 of the tibia 330. The surgeon then uses the tibial insert 18 in full flexion 350 (…). Figure 6 (as shown) and fully extended 360 ( Figure 7The femoral specimen component 150 is tested by moving the component 150 between the parts shown. Figure 8 As shown, the surgeon can use each of the multiple femoral components 250 to test which component provides the desired contact point between the medial articular motion surface 170, the lateral articular motion surface 190, and the support surfaces 54, 56.

[0050] After testing with one or more of the components in component 250, the surgeon selects the cutting block location based on the femoral specimen component that provides the desired joint movement. See also Figure 10 The cutting block 370 is then fixed to the surface 312 of the femur 310 to allow for additional resection of the femur 310 via a pin 374 inserted through pin holes 372, 376, or 378 and guide hole 316 to secure the cutting block 370 to the femur 310. Thus, guide hole 316 serves to secure both the femur specimen component 250 and the cutting block 370.

[0051] The cutting block 370 includes pin holes 372, 376, and 378 aligned with the guide hole 316 to position the cutting block in the desired location. Each set of pin holes 372, 376, and 378 is spaced anterior-posterior distance corresponding to the positioning of the pins of each femoral specimen component. For example, if the surgeon selects femoral specimen component 150, the surgeon uses pin hole 372 to position the cutting block 370. On the other hand, if the surgeon selects femoral specimen component 252, the surgeon uses pin hole 376 to position the cutting block 370. The anterior-posterior distance between pin hole 376 and pin hole 372 corresponds to the anterior-posterior distance between the pin 270 of femoral specimen component 252 and the pins 180 and 200 of femoral specimen component 150. If the surgeon selects femoral specimen component 254, the surgeon uses pin hole 378 to position the cutting block 370. The front-to-back distance between pin holes 378 and 372 corresponds to the front-to-back distance between the pin 280 of the femoral specimen component 254 and the pins 180 and 200 of the femoral specimen component 150. Thus, by aligning the appropriate pin holes 372, 376, and 378 with the guide hole 316, the cutting block 370 is positioned on the femur 310 in an orientation corresponding to the selected femoral specimen component 250.

[0052] Although the present disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in the accompanying drawings and the foregoing description, such illustrations and descriptions should be regarded as exemplary rather than limiting in nature. It should be understood that only exemplary embodiments have been shown and described, and all changes and modifications made within the substance of the present disclosure should be protected.

[0053] The methods, apparatus, and systems described herein possess numerous advantages due to their various features. It should be noted that alternative embodiments of the methods, apparatus, and systems disclosed herein may not include all of the described features, but may still benefit from at least some of the advantages of such features. Those skilled in the art will readily conceive of their own implementations of the methods, apparatus, and systems described above, which may incorporate one or more of the features of the invention and fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An orthopedic system for a total knee implant, the system comprising: a plurality of femoral trial components of a generic size, each femoral trial component of a generic size comprising: a first femoral condyle having a first articulating surface configured to engage a tibial component and a first bone-facing surface positioned opposite the first articulating surface and configured to engage a distal end of a femur of a patient, a second femoral condyle spaced apart from the first femoral condyle, the second femoral condyle having a second articulating surface configured to engage the tibial component and a second bone-facing surface positioned opposite the second articulating surface and configured to engage the distal end of the femur of the patient, an anterior cam positioned between the first femoral condyle and the second femoral condyle, the anterior cam configured to engage an anterior surface of the tibial component, and a first peg extending distally from the first bone-facing surface, wherein: (i) an anterior-posterior distance is defined between the first peg and the anterior cam, and (ii) each femoral trial component of a generic size of the plurality of femoral trial components of a generic size has an anterior-posterior distance that is different than the anterior-posterior distance of every other femoral trial component of a generic size included in the plurality of femoral trial components of a generic size.

2. The orthopedic system of claim 1, wherein: the anterior cam includes a posterior surface configured to engage the anterior surface of the tibial component, and the first peg is positioned posterior to the anterior cam.

3. The orthopedic system of claim 1, wherein: each femoral trial component of a generic size of the plurality of femoral trial components of a generic size further comprises a second peg extending distally from the second bone-facing surface, and the first peg and the second peg are positioned an equal distance from the anterior cam in an anterior-posterior direction.

4. The orthopedic system of claim 1, wherein: the plurality of femoral trial components of a generic size includes a first femoral trial component and a second femoral trial component, and the second femoral trial component has an anterior-posterior distance that is approximately 1.5 millimeters less than the anterior-posterior distance of the first femoral trial component.

5. The orthopedic system of claim 4, wherein the plurality of femoral trial components of a generic size includes a third femoral trial component having an anterior-posterior distance that is approximately 1.5 millimeters greater than the anterior-posterior distance of the first femoral trial component.

6. An orthopedic system comprising: a tibial component including a first bearing surface, a second bearing surface spaced apart from the first bearing surface, and a post positioned between the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface, and a femoral component including a first condyle having a first articulating surface configured to engage the first bearing surface of the tibial component and a first bone-facing surface positioned opposite the first articulating surface and configured to engage a distal end of a femur of a patient, A plurality of universal size femoral trial components configured for articulation relative to the tibial component between a full extension position and a full flexion position, each universal size femoral trial component of the plurality of universal size femoral trial components comprising: (i) a first femoral condyle having a first articulation surface sized and shaped for articulation on the first bearing surface of the tibial component and a first bone-facing surface positioned opposite the first articulation surface and configured to engage a distal end of a patient's femur; (ii) a second femoral condyle spaced apart from the first femoral condyle, the second femoral condyle having a second articulation surface sized and shaped for articulation on the second bearing surface of the tibial component and a second bone-facing surface positioned opposite the second articulation surface and configured to engage the distal end of the patient's femur; (iii) an anterior cam positioned between the first femoral condyle and the second femoral condyle, the anterior cam having a posterior surface configured to engage an anterior surface of the post of the tibial component; and (iv) a first peg positioned posterior of the anterior cam, extending away from the first bone-facing surface, and configured to engage the distal end of the patient's femur to fix the femoral trial component relative to the patient's femur, wherein: (i) an anterior-posterior distance is defined between the first peg and the anterior cam, and (ii) each universal size femoral trial component of the plurality of universal size femoral trial components has a different anterior-posterior distance than every other universal size femoral trial component included in the plurality of universal size femoral trial components.

7. The orthopedic surgical system of claim 6, wherein the posterior surface of the anterior cam of each universal size femoral trial component engages the anterior surface of the post when the femoral trial component and the tibial component are in the full extension position.

8. The orthopedic surgical system of claim 7, wherein: the plurality of universal size femoral trial components includes a first femoral trial component having an anterior-posterior distance, the first femoral trial component is configured to position a patient's femur relative to the patient's tibia in a first trial position when (i) the tibial component is fixed to the patient's tibia, (ii) the first femoral trial component is fixed relative to the patient's femur, and (iii) the first femoral trial component and the tibial component are in the full extension position, the plurality of universal size femoral trial components includes a second femoral trial component having an anterior-posterior distance that is less than the anterior-posterior distance of the first femoral trial component, the second femoral trial component is configured to position the patient's femur in a second trial position relative to the patient's tibia when (i) the tibial component is fixed to the patient's tibia, (ii) the second femoral trial component is fixed relative to the patient's femur, and (iii) the second femoral trial component and the tibial component are in the fully extended position, and the second trial position of the patient's femur is anterior to the first trial position.

9. The orthopedic surgical system of claim 8, wherein: the plurality of universal size femoral trial components includes a third femoral trial component having an anterior-posterior distance that is greater than the anterior-posterior distance of the first femoral trial component, the third femoral trial component is configured to position the patient's femur in a third trial position relative to the patient's tibia when (i) the tibial component is fixed to the patient's tibia, (ii) the third femoral trial component is fixed relative to the patient's femur, and (iii) the third femoral trial component and the tibial component are in the fully extended position, and the third trial position of the patient's femur is posterior to the first trial position.

10. The orthopedic surgical system of claim 6, wherein the posterior surface of the anterior cam of each universal size femoral trial component disengages from the anterior surface of the post as the femoral trial component articulates relative to the tibial component toward the fully flexed position.

11. The orthopedic surgical system of claim 6, wherein: each universal size femoral trial component further includes a second peg extending away from the second bone-facing surface, and the first and second pegs are spaced apart by a first medial-lateral distance and are positioned an equal distance from the anterior cam in an anterior-posterior direction.

12. The orthopedic surgical system of claim 11, further comprising: a cutting block including (i) a bone-engaging surface, (ii) an exterior surface positioned opposite the bone-engaging surface, and (iii) a pair of guide holes including a first guide hole and a second guide hole each extending through the bone-engaging surface and the exterior surface of the cutting block, wherein the first and second guide holes are spaced apart by a second medial-lateral distance that is equal to the first medial-lateral distance.

13. The orthopedic surgical system of claim 12, wherein an anterior-posterior distance of the first and second guide holes corresponds to the anterior-posterior distance of one of the plurality of femoral trial components.

14. The orthopedic surgical system of claim 12, wherein the cutting block includes multiple pairs of guide holes extending through the bone-engaging surface and the exterior surface of the cutting block, and each pair of guide holes includes a first guide hole and a second guide hole spaced apart by the second medial-lateral distance.

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