High-reliability large-range tipping-bucket rain sensor with oblique water injection and error offset method

Abstract

A highly reliable, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge sensor with oblique water injection and an error offsetting method are disclosed, belonging to the category of tipping bucket rain gauge sensors. It includes a metering tipping bucket assembly and two guide channels, respectively located above the left and right bucket chambers. The tipping bucket rain gauge sensor employs an oblique water injection method with a reversing channel or bidirectional guide channels. In this oblique water injection method, rainwater is injected into the end or middle region of the tipping bucket chamber through the reversing channel or guide channels. In this region, a dynamic additional impact torque ∆Mc and a dynamic potential torque ∆Ms, positively correlated with rainfall intensity, are generated, causing the tipping bucket to tip prematurely, thereby reducing the drainage volume. The dynamic reduction ∆Vp offsets the instrument error ∆Vx; this generates a measurement error offsetting method, significantly reducing measurement errors. This invention is applicable to various tipping buckets with different sensitivity and large / small deflection angles, effectively improving measurement accuracy and instrument reliability while greatly expanding the rainfall intensity range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to tipping bucket rain gauges, specifically single-layer tipping bucket rain gauges, and particularly to a highly reliable, large-range, and high-precision tipping bucket rain gauge with an oblique water injection structure and an error offsetting method. Background Technology

[0002] Chinese invention patent "A Fixed-Angle Tilting Bucket Rain Sensor with Adjustable Height of Tilting Bucket Counterweight", patent application number: 202110890249.4, patent publication number: CN113484938A. It discloses a tilting bucket rain sensor, comprising: a rain-collecting inlet assembly 1, an outer cylinder 2, a base 3, a water-filling funnel 4, a tilting bucket support 5, a metering tilting bucket assembly 6, a left tilting bucket tilting support assembly 7, a right tilting bucket tilting support assembly 8, a reed switch 9, a level bulb 10, a horizontal support plate 11, and a support plate horizontal adjustment device 12; wherein, the metering tilting bucket assembly 6 includes: a tilting bucket shaft 6-1, a middle partition plate 6-2, a left bucket chamber 6-3, a right bucket chamber 6-4, and a permanent magnet 6-5.

[0003] Tipping bucket rain gauges are the most widely used precipitation measurement instruments in the world today. The well-known advantages of tipping bucket rain gauges are: simple structure, long lifespan, low price, no power consumption, and remote sensing capabilities. They are widely used in various fields such as hydrology, water conservancy, agriculture, meteorology, flood control and disaster reduction, and transportation.

[0004] The working principle of the commonly known tipping bucket rain gauge is: a tipping bucket mechanical bistable weighing mechanism based on the balance weighing principle.

[0005] The commonly known water injection method is the root water injection method, where the water column is injected into the root of the chamber through the axis of the water injection funnel along the axis of the tipping bucket. All known tipping bucket rain gauges use this water injection method without exception.

[0006] The mechanical bistable structure is a common structural form used in tipping bucket rain gauges, and it has an error ∆Vx.

[0007] The bistable tipping bucket rain gauge utilizes the tipping bucket component, which is tilted left and right. The angle θ between the centerline of the water column and the centerline of the tipping bucket partition is 11° to 22°. Its weight in the vertical direction is: W 左 W 右 As a weight, it is used to measure the weight of water collected in the right and left tipping buckets. When the water level in the storage bucket reaches the predetermined weight W, the tipping bucket flips and pours water until the other empty tipping bucket enters the water storage state. During the period ∆t from when the tipping bucket starts to flip until the rainwater is injected into the other bucket, the tipping bucket continues to fill with water, resulting in an unmeasured error ∆Vx.

[0008] ∆V x=V0-V P .......................(1)

[0009] In the formula:

[0010] ∆Vx is the absolute error generated per flip of the bucket, also known as the instrument error, and its unit is ml;

[0011] V0 is the theoretical value of water tipping in a tipping bucket at a certain corresponding sensitivity, and the unit is ml;

[0012] V P The measured drainage volume is in ml.

[0013] ∆Vx is an unavoidable measurement error of the tipping bucket rain gauge. Its magnitude is related to the injected rainfall intensity Q and the switching time ∆t between water injection and water filling in the bucket chamber. Its formula is:

[0014] ΔVx=Q·Δt........................(2)

[0015] In the formula: ∆t is the switching time between the two chambers. The magnitude of ∆t is related to both the angle at which the tipping bucket crosses the water level and the mass of the tipping bucket itself.

[0016] Its equation of motion is:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula: M -- the turning torque of rainwater in the upper chamber

[0019] I -- Moment of inertia of the tipping bucket component;

[0020] ω -- angular velocity of the tipping bucket component;

[0021] t -- Water injection switching time for tipping bucket components.

[0022] The relative error E of tipping bucket rain intensity sensors in national standards b The calculation formula is:

[0023]

[0024] In the formula:

[0025] E b ———Tilting bucket measurement error (relative error);

[0026] m —The theoretical total water volume based on the cumulative number of times the tipping bucket is turned, expressed in milliliters (mL);

[0027] a ———The actual total drainage volume after the bucket has been tumbled a cumulative number of times, expressed in milliliters (mL).

[0028] The current accuracy levels of tipping bucket rain gauges in my country are shown in the table below:

[0029] Accuracy level Rainfall intensity range <![CDATA[Hopper measurement error E b > Ⅰ 0.01 mm / min~4.0 mm / min ≤±2% Ⅱ 0.01 mm / min~4.0 mm / min ≤±3% Ⅲ 0.01 mm / min~4.0 mm / min ≤±4%

[0030] There are four known resolutions for tipping bucket rain gauges: 1mm, 0.5mm, 0.2mm, and 0.1mm.

[0031] The optimized value for the swing angle θ of the tipping bucket rain gauge with a resolution of 1 mm is 22°.

[0032] The optimized value for the swing angle θ of the tipping bucket rain gauge with a resolution of 0.5 mm is 15–16°.

[0033] The optimized value for the swing angle θ of the tipping bucket rain gauge with a resolution of 0.2 mm is 11°.

[0034] The tipping bucket rain sensor with a resolution of 0.1mm has a multi-layer tipping bucket structure.

[0035] The 1mm resolution tipping bucket rain gauge can achieve a measurement error of ≤±2% within the national standard Class I range, but it has been abandoned because it is not suitable for measuring rainy days and the tipping bucket itself has too large a flow rate.

[0036] Among them, the single-layer tipping bucket rain gauge with a resolution of 0.1 mm has been abandoned because its relative error is too large, with an error of ≥±8% in the rainfall intensity range of 0.01 mm / min to 4.0 mm / min, which is far beyond the national standard level III range.

[0037] Currently, single-layer tipping bucket rain gauges with resolutions of only 0.5 mm and 0.2 mm are in mass production and application.

[0038] When the rainfall intensity varies within the range of 0.01 mm / min to 4.0 mm / min, the measurement error of the tipping bucket rain gauge with a resolution of 0.5 mm can reach ≤ ±3% of the national standard level II, and the measurement error of the tipping bucket rain gauge with a resolution of 0.2 mm can reach ≤ ±4% of the national standard level III. Both of these are considered low-accuracy products.

[0039] The reliability and stability of a tipping bucket rain gauge are positively correlated with the swing angle θ and the mass of the bucket. The larger the swing angle θ, the greater the reversing torque, and the higher the stability and reliability.

[0040] The known 0.5mm resolution tipping bucket rain gauges have a swing angle θ of 15°–16°, and the known 0.2mm resolution tipping bucket rain gauges have a swing angle θ of 11°, both of which fall within the range of poor reliability and stability. Especially for small-angle θ rain gauges installed on high poles, the sensor sways in strong winds, easily producing false alarms or misreported signals indicating no precipitation—a problem that users find extremely undesirable.

[0041] The world is experiencing drastic climate change and frequent extreme rainfall events, with rainfall intensity exceeding 4.0 mm / min. Typhoons and rainstorms are particularly common in the southern coastal areas, where instantaneous rainfall intensity can reach 10 mm / min or even higher. Existing single-layer tipping bucket rain gauges have a rainfall intensity range of only 0 to 4 mm / min. When the rainfall intensity exceeds 4 mm / min, their error range increases sharply, rendering them unable to function properly.

[0042] In summary, the disadvantages and shortcomings of the known tipping bucket rain gauge technology are:

[0043] 1. The rainfall intensity range is small; it cannot work normally if the rainfall intensity exceeds 4 mm / min.

[0044] 2. Poor accuracy; within the rainfall intensity range of 0~4mm / min, it can only reach the Level II or Level III accuracy standard.

[0045] 3. Poor stability and reliability; prone to false rainfall reports in windy conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0046] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art and provide a highly reliable, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge sensor with oblique water injection and an error offsetting method to solve the problems of small rainfall intensity range, poor accuracy, poor stability and reliability of existing tipping bucket rain gauge sensors.

[0047] To achieve the above objectives and solve the problems existing in the current tipping bucket rain gauge, this invention provides a highly reliable, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge with oblique water injection and an error offsetting method; including: a tipping bucket rain gauge and an error offsetting method based on the tipping bucket rain gauge.

[0048] The tipping bucket rain gauge includes: a rain inlet assembly, an outer cylinder, a base, a water inlet funnel, a tipping bucket support, a metering tipping bucket assembly, a left tipping bucket tilt support assembly, a right tipping bucket tilt support assembly, a reed switch, a spirit level, a horizontal support plate, and a support plate leveling adjustment device; wherein, the metering tipping bucket assembly includes: a tipping bucket shaft, a middle partition plate, a left bucket chamber, a right bucket chamber, and a permanent magnet; it also includes: a guide channel; there are two guide channels, which are respectively set above the left bucket chamber and the right bucket chamber.

[0049] The aforementioned tipping bucket rain sensor also includes: a reversing trough assembly and a reversing drive device; the reversing trough assembly is located below the water injection funnel and above the flow guide trough;

[0050] The reversing drive unit is located above the middle partition;

[0051] The commutator slot assembly is: a straight commutator slot assembly, a Y-shaped commutator slot assembly, or an A-shaped commutator slot assembly;

[0052] The commutation drive device is: a straight commutation drive device, a Y-shaped commutation drive device, or an A-shaped commutation drive device.

[0053] The front and rear center surfaces of the flow guide channel coincide with the front and rear center surfaces of the left and right chambers, respectively.

[0054] In a stable state where the water is stored in the hopper, the high-end inlet of the guide channel is directly opposite the center line of the outlet of the water injection funnel; the low-end outlet of the guide channel is located at the end or middle of the left and right hoppers respectively.

[0055] Alternatively, the high-end inlet of the guide channel is directly below the outlet of the straight-line reversing channel assembly or the Y-shaped reversing channel assembly; the low-end outlet of the guide channel is located at the end or middle of the left and right chambers, respectively.

[0056] The flow guide channel is fixed to the inner or outer side of the compartment by one or more mounting columns; or the flow guide channel is fixed to the middle partition by one or more mounting columns.

[0057] Alternatively, the flow guide channel can be fixed to the tipping bucket support by one or more mounting columns, located above the metering tipping bucket assembly and below the reversing channel assembly.

[0058] The angle λ between the bottom of the guide channel and the horizontal plane when the tipping bucket is full of water is 1° to 60°.

[0059] The width of the flow channel is 3~20mm and the height is 6~10mm.

[0060] The aforementioned straight-line reversing slot assembly includes: a rotating shaft, a straight-line reversing slot, a left positioning rod, a right positioning rod, and a straight-line reversing slot reversing linkage device; the rotating shaft is located on the center surface of the tipping bucket support, directly above the metering tipping bucket assembly; the straight-line reversing slot is located directly above the metering tipping bucket assembly via the rotating shaft; the left and right positioning rods are symmetrically connected to the tipping bucket support; the straight-line reversing slot reversing linkage devices are symmetrically located below the straight-line reversing slot.

[0061] The Y-shaped reversing groove assembly includes: a rotating shaft, a Y-shaped reversing groove, a left positioning rod, a right positioning rod, and a Y-shaped reversing groove reversing linkage device; the rotating shaft is located on the center surface of the tipping bucket support, directly above the metering tipping bucket assembly; the Y-shaped reversing groove is located directly above the metering tipping bucket assembly via the rotating shaft; the left and right positioning rods are symmetrically connected to the tipping bucket support; the Y-shaped reversing groove reversing linkage device is located at the upper end of the Y-shaped reversing groove.

[0062] The A-shaped reversing slot assembly includes: an A-shaped reversing slot shaft, a left slot, a right slot, a left positioning rod, a right positioning rod, and an A-shaped reversing slot reversing linkage device; the A-shaped reversing slot shaft is disposed on the central surface of the A-shaped reversing slot assembly; the left and right slots are symmetrically arranged and their upper ends are connected; the A-shaped reversing slot reversing linkage device is disposed on the side of the left or right slot.

[0063] The A-shaped reversing groove reversing linkage device of the straight reversing drive device, the Y-shaped reversing drive device and the A-shaped reversing drive device have the same structure, which is either a plate or a rod.

[0064] The straight-line reversing drive device and the Y-shaped reversing drive device are used to drive the rotation of the straight-line reversing groove or the Y-shaped reversing groove during the flipping process of the metering tipping bucket assembly.

[0065] The A-shaped commutator drive unit's A-shaped commutator slot commutator linkage device is used for limiting the A-shaped commutator slot assembly.

[0066] The A-shaped reversing drive device includes: a front support plate, a front axle hole, a rear support plate, and a rear axle hole; the front support plate and the rear support plate are symmetrically connected above the middle partition plate; the front axle hole is located on the front support plate; the rear axle hole is located on the rear support plate; the center lines of the front axle hole and the rear axle hole coincide.

[0067] The front and rear shaft holes have the same structure, and are either through holes or blind holes from the inside.

[0068] The reversing linkage device of the straight reversing slot and the reversing linkage device of the Y-shaped reversing slot have the same structure, which is either a long rod or a plate; the long rod is two or more; the plate is two pieces.

[0069] The bottom shape of the flow guide groove, the straight reversing groove, the left groove, and the right groove is the same, and is one of the following: straight line, broken line, or arc.

[0070] The cross-sectional shape of the flow guide channel is the same as that of the straight-line reversing channel, which is either closed at the top or open at the top; wherein, the open-top shape is V-shaped, U-shaped, semi-circular, or polygonal; the closed-top shape is O-shaped, elliptical, or polygonal.

[0071] The upper part of the aforementioned straight reversing groove is open within the water injection range of the water injection funnel;

[0072] The left and right grooves have the same cross-sectional shape, which is an open shape at the top; the open shape at the top is one of the following: V-shaped, U-shaped, semi-circular, or polygonal.

[0073] The Y-shaped reversing channel includes: an upper water inlet, a middle partition plate, a shaft hole, and a lower drain pipe; the middle partition plate is disposed on the center surface of the Y-shaped reversing channel; the shaft hole is disposed on the middle partition plate; the upper water inlet is connected to the lower drain pipe and is disposed above the lower drain pipe;

[0074] The upper water inlet and the lower drain pipe have the same cross-sectional shape, which is one of the following: circular, elliptical, rectangular, or polygonal.

[0075] The error offsetting method based on the tipping bucket rain gauge is as follows.

[0076] Error offsetting method: During rainfall, rainwater is injected into the inclined guide channel through the outlet of the water injection funnel, and then injected into the end or middle area of ​​the hopper through the lower outlet of the guide channel. The rainwater injected into the hopper flows to the root of the hopper along the end or middle area of ​​the hopper. The water flow generates a dynamic additional impact torque ∆Mc in the end or middle area of ​​the hopper that is positively correlated with the magnitude of the rainfall intensity Q. The water injected into the end or middle area of ​​the hopper generates a high water level zone in this area that is positively correlated with the rainfall intensity Q, and thus generates an additional dynamic high water level potential torque ∆Ms. Under the combined action of ∆Mc and ∆Ms, the water storage hopper flips before the water storage capacity reaches the critical overflow value V0, resulting in a reduction of the overflow discharge of ∆Vp. Both ∆Vp and ∆Vx are positively correlated with the rainfall intensity Q, realizing dynamic offsetting between the reduction ∆Vp and the device difference ∆Vx.

[0077] Error offsetting method: During rainfall, rainwater enters the reversing channel through the outlet of the water injection funnel and then flows into the inclined guide channel. It then enters the end or middle area of ​​the hopper through the low outlet of the guide channel. The rainwater entering the hopper flows to the root of the hopper along the end or middle area of ​​the hopper. The water flow generates a dynamic additional impact torque ∆Mc in the end or middle area of ​​the hopper that is positively correlated with the magnitude of the rainfall intensity Q. The water injected into the end or middle area of ​​the hopper generates a high water level zone in this area that is positively correlated with the rainfall intensity Q, and generates an additional dynamic high water level potential torque ∆Ms. Under the combined action of ∆Mc and ∆Ms, the water storage hopper flips before the water storage capacity reaches the critical overflow value V0, resulting in a reduction of the overflow discharge of ∆Vp. Both ∆Vp and ∆Vx are positively correlated with the rainfall intensity Q, realizing dynamic offsetting between the reduction ∆Vp and the device difference ∆Vx.

[0078] Beneficial effect: Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the tipping bucket flips before its water storage capacity reaches the theoretical value, reducing the drainage volume. When the reduction in drainage ∆Vp is close to equal to the known tipping bucket's error ∆Vx, the measurement accuracy of the tipping bucket can be reduced to ≤±2% within the rainfall intensity measurement range of 0.01 mm / min to 10.0 mm / min.

[0079] The tipping angle θ of this invention is multiplied to a range of 30°, no longer limited to the 11°–22° range. This invention only requires increasing the length L of the guide channel or increasing the angle between the bottom baseline of the guide channel and the horizontal plane when the tipping bucket is full to achieve two dynamic tipping torques ∆M. C ∆M S The synchronous increase increases the reduction in bucket drainage ∆Vp, thus achieving the goal of offsetting the reduction in bucket drainage ∆Vp with the instrument error ∆Vx. Therefore, in subsequent designs, it is no longer necessary to reduce the weight of the bucket or the bucket swing angle θ in order to reduce the instrument error ∆Vx; it is even possible to increase the weight of the bucket and increase the bucket swing angle θ to increase the reliability of the rain gauge sensor.

[0080] Given a fixed bucket mass and water storage bucket structure, correctly selecting the length L of the guide channel and the angle between the bottom baseline of the guide channel and the horizontal plane when the tipping bucket is full can effectively change the magnitude of the dynamic high water level potential torque ∆Ms and the dynamic additional impact torque ∆Mc. Under varying external rainfall intensity (0~10mm / min), the reduction in tipping bucket drainage ∆Vp and the device difference ∆Vx can achieve the best dynamic counter-current effect.

[0081] When the tipping bucket is in operation, the tipping torque ∑M F Greater than the reversing torque ∑M that prevents overturning N At this time, the tipping bucket begins to tilt, and the high water potential torque ∆Ms at the far end or middle of the water storage tank and the impact torque ∆M of the water in the guide channel on the far end or middle of the water storage bucket... C Both torques are positively correlated with rainfall intensity, and both torques can be adjusted to their optimal values ​​by adjusting the length of the diversion channel, the angle between the bottom baseline of the diversion channel and the horizontal plane when the tipping bucket is full, the method of fixing the diversion channel, and the fixing points of the diversion channel. The specific formulas are as follows:

[0082] Reversing torque: ∑M N =M K +∆M O +∆M L ;

[0083] Overturning torque: ∑M F =M Z +∆M S +∆MC ;

[0084] M K Gravitational torque of the tipping bucket assembly;

[0085] ∆M0: Frictional torque of the tipping bucket shaft;

[0086] ∆M L Residual water torque inside the drainage hopper;

[0087] M Z : The gravitational torque of the submerged water level below the dynamic water level in the chamber.

[0088] Advantages: After rainwater passes through the diversion channel, two turning torques positively correlated with rainfall intensity are generated at the end or middle of the bucket, causing the metering bucket to turn prematurely, reducing the drainage volume of the bucket. The reduction ∆Vp is offset by the instrument error ∆Vx; this generates a dynamic offsetting method for measurement error, greatly reducing measurement error. This invention is applicable to various tipping buckets with different sensitivities and large and small deflection angles, significantly widening the rainfall intensity range while effectively improving measurement accuracy and instrument reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0089] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure according to claim 1 of the present invention.

[0090] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the linear reversing slot of the present invention.

[0091] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the Y-shaped reversing groove of the present invention.

[0092] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the A-shaped commutation slot of the present invention.

[0093] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the guide channel of the present invention fixed inside the chamber.

[0094] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the guide channel of the present invention fixed on the outside of the container.

[0095] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the flow guide channel of the present invention fixed in the middle partition plate.

[0096] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the guide channel of the present invention fixed on the tipping bucket support.

[0097] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the flow guide groove of the present invention.

[0098] Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of the linear commutator assembly of the present invention.

[0099] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of the A-shaped commutation slot assembly of the present invention.

[0100] Figure 12 This is a structural diagram of the Y-shaped reversing groove of the present invention.

[0101] Figure 13 This is a structural diagram of the A-shaped commutation drive device of the present invention.

[0102] Figure 14 This is a torque distribution diagram of the metering tipping bucket assembly of the present invention.

[0103] Figure 15 This is a comparison chart of rainfall intensity / metering error characteristic curves for known technologies and the present invention.

[0104] In the diagram, 1. Rain inlet assembly; 2. Outer cylinder; 3. Base; 4. Water inlet funnel; 5. Tipping bucket support; 6. Metering tipping bucket assembly; 7. Left tipping bucket tilting support assembly; 8. Right tipping bucket tilting support assembly; 9. Reed switch; 10. Level bubble; 11. Horizontal support plate; 12. Support plate leveling adjustment device; 13. Left guide channel; 14. Right guide channel; 16. Water baffle; 17. Overflow port; 6-1. Tipping bucket shaft; 6-2. Middle partition plate; 6-3. Left bucket chamber; 6-4. Right bucket chamber; 6-5. Permanent magnet; 6-6. Straight-line reversing drive device; 6-7. Y-shaped reversing drive device; 6-8. A-shaped reversing drive device; 15-1. Straight-line reversing channel assembly; 15-2. Y-shaped reversing channel assembly; 15-3. A Y-shaped reversing slot assembly; 6-8-1, front support plate; 6-8-2, front axle hole; 6-8-3, rear support plate; 6-8-4, rear axle hole; 15-1-1, rotating shaft; 15-1-2, straight reversing slot; 15-1-3, left positioning rod; 15-1-4, right positioning rod; 15-1-5, straight reversing slot reversing linkage device; 15-2-2, Y-shaped reversing slot reversing linkage device; 15-2-1-1, upper water inlet; 15-2-1-2, middle partition plate; 15-2-1-3, shaft hole; 15-2-1-4, lower drain pipe; 15-3-1, A-shaped reversing slot rotating shaft; 15-3-2, left side slot; 15-3-3, right side slot; 15-3-4, A-shaped reversing slot reversing linkage device. Detailed Implementation

[0105] Example 1: Figure 1 The present invention comprises a high-reliability, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge with oblique water injection, including: a rain inlet assembly 1, an outer cylinder 2, a base 3, a water injection funnel 4, a tipping bucket support 5, a metering tipping bucket assembly 6, a left tipping bucket tilting support assembly 7, a right tipping bucket tilting support assembly 8, a reed switch 9, a level bulb 10, a horizontal support plate 11, and a support plate leveling adjustment device 12.

[0106] The lower end of the outer cylinder 2 is connected to the base 3, and the upper end of the outer cylinder 2 has a rain-collecting inlet assembly 1, which is inserted into the outer cylinder 2. A support plate leveling device 12 is connected to the base 3, and a horizontal support plate 11 is connected to the support plate leveling device 12. The tipping bucket support 5 is connected to the horizontal support plate 11, and the upper end of the tipping bucket support 5 has a water injection funnel 4, the water inlet of which is located below the water outlet of the rain-collecting inlet assembly 1. A metering tipping bucket assembly 6 is connected to the tipping bucket support 5. The bucket assembly 6 swings left and right around the tipping bucket support 5; a left tipping bucket tilting support assembly 7 and a right tipping bucket tilting support assembly 8 are connected to the horizontal support plate 11 below the metering tipping bucket assembly 6, and the left tipping bucket tilting support assembly 7 and the right tipping bucket tilting support assembly 8 are located on both sides of the fulcrum of the tipping bucket support 5; a horizontal bubble 10 is connected between the left tipping bucket tilting support assembly 7 and the right tipping bucket tilting support assembly 8; there is a tipping bucket shaft support on the tipping bucket support 5, and the tipping bucket shaft 6-1 is installed on the tipping bucket shaft support.

[0107] The metering tipping bucket assembly 6 includes: a tipping bucket shaft 6-1, a middle partition 6-2, a left bucket chamber 6-3, a right bucket chamber 6-4, and a permanent magnet 6-5; the metering tipping bucket assembly 6 includes: a tipping bucket shaft 6-1, a middle partition 6-2, a left tipping bucket 6-3, a right tipping bucket 6-4, and a permanent magnet 6-5; a middle partition 6-2 separates the two tipping buckets into a left tipping bucket 6-3 and a right tipping bucket 6-4, and a tipping bucket shaft 6-1 is located on the bottom surface of the tipping bucket at the lower end of the middle partition 6-2; permanent magnets 6-5 are connected to the side walls of both the left tipping bucket 6-3 and the right tipping bucket 6-4.

[0108] The left tipping bucket 6-3 and the right tipping bucket 6-4 are either drain buckets or storage buckets. When one of the tipping buckets is filled with water, it flips to the other side with the tipping bucket shaft 6-1 as the axis. The bucket that flips downward is the drain bucket, and the bucket that flips upward is the storage bucket. This cycle repeats. The water inlet of the tipping bucket that serves as the storage bucket is located below the outlet of the water inlet funnel 4. Permanent magnets 6-5 are connected to the sides of the two tipping buckets. A reed switch 9 is located on the trajectory of the permanent magnets 6-5.

[0109] It also includes: a flow guide channel; there are two flow guide channels, namely a left flow guide channel 13 and a right flow guide channel 14, which are respectively set above the left chamber 6-3 and the right chamber 6-4.

[0110] The flow channel includes: a channel bottom and channel sides; the channel sides extend upward on both sides of the channel bottom.

[0111] The high end of the flow guide channel may be blocked or not blocked, while the low end of the flow guide channel may not be blocked.

[0112] The front and rear center surfaces of the flow guide channel coincide with the front and rear center surfaces of the left chamber 6-3 and the right chamber 6-4, respectively.

[0113] When the water in the hopper is in a stable state, the high-end inlet of the guide channel is directly opposite the center line of the outlet of the water injection funnel 4; the low-end outlet of the guide channel is located at the end or middle of the left and right hoppers respectively.

[0114] exist Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this configuration, the flow guide channel is fixed to the inner or outer side of the compartment by one or more mounting columns; or the flow guide channel is fixed to the partition plate by one or more mounting columns.

[0115] The angle λ between the bottom of the guide channel and the horizontal plane when the tipping bucket is full is 1° to 60°.

[0116] The width of the flow channel is 3~20mm and the height is 6~10mm.

[0117] The bottom shape of the guide channel is one of the following: straight line, broken line, or arc.

[0118] The cross-sectional shape of the guide channel is either closed at the top or open at the top; wherein, the open shape at the top is V-shaped, U-shaped, semi-circular, or polygonal; and the closed shape at the top is O-shaped, elliptical, or polygonal.

[0119] Based on the error offsetting method of the tipping bucket rain gauge sensor: During rainfall, rainwater is injected into the inclined guide channel through the outlet of the water injection funnel, and then injected into the end or middle area of ​​the bucket chamber through the low outlet of the guide channel. The rainwater injected into the bucket chamber flows to the root of the bucket chamber along the end or middle area of ​​the bucket chamber. The water flow generates a dynamic additional impact torque ∆Mc in the end or middle area of ​​the bucket chamber that is positively correlated with the magnitude of the rainfall intensity Q. The water injected into the end or middle area of ​​the bucket chamber generates a high water level zone in this area that is positively correlated with the rainfall intensity Q, and thus generates an additional dynamic high water level potential torque ∆Ms. Under the combined action of ∆Mc and ∆Ms, the water storage bucket chamber flips before the water storage volume reaches the critical tipping value V0, resulting in a reduction of the tipping bucket drainage volume of ∆Vp. Both ∆Vp and ∆Vx are positively correlated with the rainfall intensity Q, realizing dynamic offsetting between the reduction ∆Vp and the instrument difference ∆Vx.

[0120] Given a fixed bucket mass and structure for the tipping bucket rain gauge, the rainfall intensity Q / metering error Eb characteristic curve of this invention is related to the following factors:

[0121] 1. The dynamic high water level potential capacity torque ∆Ms and the dynamic additional impact torque ∆Mc are positively correlated with the magnitude of the external rainfall intensity Q.

[0122] 2. The magnitude of the dynamic high water level potential capacity torque ∆Ms is positively correlated with the length L of the diversion channel.

[0123] 3. The magnitude of the dynamic high water level potential capacity torque ∆Ms is positively correlated with the angle between the bottom of the diversion channel and the horizontal plane when the tipping bucket is full.

[0124] 4. The magnitude of the dynamic additional impact torque ∆Mc is positively correlated with the angle between the bottom of the guide channel and the horizontal plane when the tipping bucket is full of water.

[0125] Example 2: Tipping bucket rain sensor, and a guide trough used in conjunction with tipping bucket rain sensor.

[0126] exist Figure 9 The flow guide channel includes: a channel bottom, channel sides, a baffle plate 16, and an overflow port 17; the channel sides extend upwards on both sides of the channel bottom. The baffle plate 16 is connected to the channel sides of the flow guide channel, and the lower end of the baffle plate 16 is 2-8mm away from the bottom of the flow guide channel; there are one or more overflow ports 17, which are located between the baffle plate 16 and the water inlet end of the flow guide channel. Other aspects are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0127] The guide channel in this embodiment 2 is an overflow guide channel. The overflow guide channel can also replace the guide channel used in embodiments 3, 4 and 5, thus forming a technical solution using an overflow guide channel tipping bucket rain sensor.

[0128] Example 3: Tilting bucket rain sensor based on Example 1.

[0129] exist Figure 2 It also includes: a reversing channel assembly and a reversing drive device; the reversing channel assembly is located below the water injection funnel 4 and above the guide channel.

[0130] exist Figure 8 When the flow guide trough is used in conjunction with the straight reversing trough assembly 15-1, the flow guide trough is fixed to the tipping bucket bracket 5 by one or more mounting posts, located above the metering tipping bucket assembly 6 and below the reversing trough assembly.

[0131] The reversing drive device is located above the middle partition 6-2;

[0132] exist Figure 10The reversing slot assembly is a straight-line reversing slot assembly 15-1. The straight-line reversing slot assembly 15-1 includes: a rotating shaft 15-1-1, a straight-line reversing slot 15-1-2, a left positioning rod 15-1-3, a right positioning rod 15-1-4, and a straight-line reversing slot reversing linkage device 15-1-5. The rotating shaft 15-1-1 is located on the center surface of the tipping bucket support 5, directly above the metering tipping bucket assembly 6. The straight-line reversing slot 15-1-2 is located directly above the metering tipping bucket assembly 6 via the rotating shaft 15-1-1. The left positioning rod 15-1-3 and the right positioning rod 15-1-4 are symmetrically connected to the tipping bucket support 5. The straight-line reversing slot reversing linkage device 15-1-5 is symmetrically located below the straight-line reversing slot 15-1-2.

[0133] The cross-sectional shape of the I-shaped reversing slot 15-1-2 is either closed at the top or open at the top. The open shape at the top is V-shaped, U-shaped, semi-circular, or polygonal. The closed shape at the top is O-shaped, elliptical, or polygonal.

[0134] The upper part of the straight reversing groove 15-1-2 is open within the water injection range of the water injection funnel 4.

[0135] The bottom shape of the I-shaped reversing slot 15-1-2 is one of a straight line, a broken line, or an arc.

[0136] The reversing linkage device 15-1-5 of the straight reversing slot is a structure of either a long rod or a flat plate; the long rod is two or more; the flat plate is two pieces.

[0137] In a stable state where the hopper is filled with water, the high end of the diversion channel is directly below the outlet of the straight-line reversing channel assembly 15-1; the low end outlet of the diversion channel is located at the end or middle of the left and right hoppers, respectively.

[0138] The reversing drive device is a straight-line reversing drive device 6-6. The straight-line reversing drive device 6-6 is either a plate or a rod; the straight-line reversing drive device 6-6 is used to drive the rotation of the straight-line reversing groove 15-1-2 during the flipping of the metering tipping bucket assembly 6.

[0139] Example 4: Tilting bucket rain sensor based on Example 1.

[0140] exist Figure 3 It also includes: a reversing channel assembly and a reversing drive device; the reversing channel assembly is located below the water injection funnel 4 and above the guide channel.

[0141] The flow guide channel is fixed to the tipping bucket bracket 5 by one or more mounting columns, located above the metering tipping bucket assembly 6 and below the reversing channel assembly.

[0142] The reversing drive device is located above the middle partition 6-2;

[0143] The reversing slot assembly is a Y-shaped reversing slot assembly 15-2. The Y-shaped reversing slot assembly 15-2 includes: a rotating shaft 15-1-1, a Y-shaped reversing slot, a left positioning rod 15-1-3, a right positioning rod 15-1-4, and a Y-shaped reversing slot reversing linkage device 15-2-2. The rotating shaft 15-1-1 is located on the center surface of the tipping bucket support 5, directly above the metering tipping bucket assembly 6. The shaft hole 15-2-1-3 of the Y-shaped reversing slot is located directly above the metering tipping bucket assembly 6 via the rotating shaft 15-1-1. The left positioning rod 15-1-3 and the right positioning rod 15-1-4 are symmetrically connected to the tipping bucket support 5. The Y-shaped reversing slot reversing linkage device 15-2-2 is located at the upper end of the Y-shaped reversing slot.

[0144] exist Figure 12 The Y-shaped reversing channel includes: an upper water inlet 15-2-1-1, a middle partition plate 15-2-1-2, a shaft hole 15-2-1-3, and a lower drain pipe 15-2-1-4; the middle partition plate 15-2-1-2 is disposed on the center surface of the Y-shaped reversing channel; the shaft hole 15-2-1-3 is disposed on the middle partition plate 15-2-1-2; the upper water inlet 15-2-1-1 communicates with the lower drain pipe 15-2-1-4, and the upper water inlet 15-2-1-1 is disposed above the lower drain pipe 15-2-1-4.

[0145] The upper water inlet 15-2-1-1 and the lower drain pipe 15-2-1-4 have the same cross-sectional shape, which is one of the following: circular, elliptical, rectangular, or polygonal.

[0146] The Y-shaped reversing slot reversing linkage device 15-2-2 has a structure of either a long rod or a flat plate; the long rod may consist of two or more rods; the flat plate may consist of two pieces.

[0147] The reversing drive device is a Y-shaped reversing drive device 6-7. The Y-shaped reversing drive device 6-7 is either a plate or a rod; the Y-shaped reversing drive device 6-7 is used to drive the rotation of the Y-shaped reversing groove during the flipping process of the metering tipping bucket assembly 6.

[0148] In a stable state where the water is stored in the hopper, the high end of the diversion channel is directly below the outlet of the Y-shaped reversing channel assembly 15-2; the low end outlet of the diversion channel is located at the end or middle of the left and right hoppers, respectively.

[0149] Example 5: Tilting bucket rain sensor based on Example 1.

[0150] exist Figure 4 It also includes: a reversing channel assembly and a reversing drive device; the reversing channel assembly is located below the water injection funnel 4 and above the guide channel.

[0151] The reversing drive device is located above the middle partition 6-2;

[0152] exist Figure 11 The aforementioned reversing slot assembly is an A-shaped reversing slot assembly 15-3. The A-shaped reversing slot assembly 15-3 includes: an A-shaped reversing slot rotating shaft 15-3-1, a left slot 15-3-2, a right slot 15-3-3, a left positioning rod 15-1-3, a right positioning rod 15-1-4, and an A-shaped reversing slot reversing linkage device 15-3-4; the A-shaped reversing slot rotating shaft 15-3-1 is disposed on the center surface of the A-shaped reversing slot assembly 15-3; the left slot 15-3-2 and the right slot 15-3-3 are symmetrically arranged and their upper ends are connected; the A-shaped reversing slot reversing linkage device 15-3-4 is disposed on the side of the left slot 15-3-2 or the right slot 15-3-3.

[0153] The bottom shapes of the left groove 15-3-2 and the right groove 15-3-3 are the same, and can be one of the following: straight, broken, or curved.

[0154] The left groove 15-3-2 and the right groove 15-3-3 have the same cross-sectional shape, which is not closed at the top and can be one of the following: V-shaped, U-shaped, semi-circular, or polygonal.

[0155] exist Figure 13 The reversing drive device mentioned above is an A-shaped reversing drive device 6-8. The A-shaped reversing drive device 6-8 includes: a front support plate 6-8-1, a front axle hole 6-8-2, a rear support plate 6-8-3, and a rear axle hole 6-8-4; the front support plate 6-8-1 and the rear support plate 6-8-3 are symmetrically connected above the central partition plate 6-2; the front axle hole 6-8-2 is located on the front support plate 6-8-1; the rear axle hole 6-8-4 is located on the rear support plate 6-8-3; the center lines of the front axle hole 6-8-2 and the rear axle hole 6-8-4 coincide.

[0156] The front axle hole 6-8-2 and the rear axle hole 6-8-4 have the same structure, and are either through holes or blind holes from the inside.

[0157] The A-shaped reversing drive device 6-8 and its A-shaped reversing slot reversing linkage device 15-3-4 are either a plate or a rod; the A-shaped reversing drive device 6-8 and its A-shaped reversing slot reversing linkage device 15-3-4 are used for limiting the A-shaped reversing slot assembly 15-3.

[0158] Example 6: Error offsetting method based on any one of the tipping bucket rain gauges in Examples 3, 4, and 5: During rainfall, rainwater enters the reversing channel through the outlet of the water injection funnel and then flows into the inclined guide channel. It then enters the end or middle region of the bucket chamber through the lower outlet of the guide channel. The rainwater entering the bucket chamber flows along the end or middle region to the root of the bucket chamber. The water flow generates a dynamic additional impact torque ∆ in the end or middle region of the bucket chamber, which is positively correlated with the magnitude of the rainfall intensity Q. Mc, and the water injected into the end or middle area of ​​the hopper creates a high water level zone in this area that is positively correlated with the rainfall intensity Q, thereby generating an additional dynamic high water level potential torque ∆Ms. Under the combined action of ∆Mc and ∆Ms, the water storage hopper flips before the water storage capacity reaches the critical water overflow value V0, resulting in a reduction in the overflow discharge of ∆Vp. Both ∆Vp and ∆Vx are positively correlated with the rainfall intensity Q, achieving dynamic offsetting between the reduction ∆Vp and the difference ∆Vx.

Claims

1. A highly reliable, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge with oblique water injection, comprising: The system includes a rain inlet assembly, an outer cylinder, a base, a water injection funnel, a tipping bucket support, a metering tipping bucket assembly, a left tipping bucket tilting support assembly, a right tipping bucket tilting support assembly, a reed switch, a level bubble, a level support plate, and a support plate leveling adjustment device; wherein, the metering tipping bucket assembly includes: a tipping bucket shaft, a middle partition plate, a left bucket chamber, a right bucket chamber, and a permanent magnet; Its features include: it also includes: a flow guide channel; there are two flow guide channels, which are respectively arranged above the left chamber and the right chamber; The front and rear center surfaces of the flow guide channel coincide with the front and rear center surfaces of the left and right chambers, respectively. In a stable state where the water is stored in the hopper, the high-end inlet of the guide channel is directly opposite the center line of the outlet of the water injection funnel; the low-end outlet of the guide channel is located at the end or middle of the left and right hoppers respectively. The bottom shape of the flow guide channel is one of the following: straight line, broken line, or arc. The cross-sectional shape of the guide channel is either closed at the top or open at the top; wherein, the open shape at the top is V-shaped, U-shaped, semi-circular, or polygonal; and the closed shape at the top is O-shaped, elliptical, or polygonal.

2. The high-reliability, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge sensor with oblique water injection as described in claim 1, characterized in that: it also... include: Commutator slot assembly and commutator drive device; The reversing channel assembly is located below the water injection funnel and above the flow guide channel; The reversing drive unit is located above the middle partition; The commutator slot assembly is: a straight commutator slot assembly, a Y-shaped commutator slot assembly, or an A-shaped commutator slot assembly; The commutation drive device is: a straight commutation drive device, a Y-shaped commutation drive device, or an A-shaped commutation drive device.

3. The high-reliability, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge sensor with oblique water injection as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The high-end inlet of the guide channel is directly below the outlet of the straight-line reversing channel assembly or the Y-shaped reversing channel assembly; the low-end outlet of the guide channel is located at the end or middle of the left and right chambers, respectively.

4. The high-reliability, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge sensor with oblique water injection according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The flow guide channel is fixed to the inner or outer side of the compartment by one or more mounting columns; or the flow guide channel is fixed to the middle partition by one or more mounting columns. Alternatively, the flow guide channel can be fixed to the tipping bucket support by one or more mounting columns, located above the metering tipping bucket assembly and below the reversing channel assembly.

5. The high-reliability, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge sensor with oblique water injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle λ between the bottom of the guide channel and the horizontal plane when the tipping bucket is full of water is 1° to 60°. The width of the flow channel is 3~20mm and the height is 6~10mm.

6. The high-reliability, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge sensor with oblique water injection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The aforementioned straight-line reversing slot assembly includes: a rotating shaft, a straight-line reversing slot, a left positioning rod, a right positioning rod, and a straight-line reversing slot reversing linkage device; the rotating shaft is located on the center surface of the tipping bucket support, directly above the metering tipping bucket assembly; the straight-line reversing slot is located directly above the metering tipping bucket assembly via the rotating shaft; the left and right positioning rods are symmetrically connected to the tipping bucket support; the straight-line reversing slot reversing linkage devices are symmetrically located below the straight-line reversing slot.

7. The high-reliability, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge sensor with oblique water injection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The Y-shaped reversing groove assembly includes: a rotating shaft, a Y-shaped reversing groove, a left positioning rod, a right positioning rod, and a Y-shaped reversing groove reversing linkage device; the rotating shaft is located on the center surface of the tipping bucket support, directly above the metering tipping bucket assembly; the Y-shaped reversing groove is located directly above the metering tipping bucket assembly via the rotating shaft; the left and right positioning rods are symmetrically connected to the tipping bucket support; the Y-shaped reversing groove reversing linkage device is located at the upper end of the Y-shaped reversing groove.

8. The high-reliability, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge sensor with oblique water injection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The A-shaped reversing slot assembly includes: an A-shaped reversing slot shaft, a left slot, a right slot, a left positioning rod, a right positioning rod, and an A-shaped reversing slot reversing linkage device; the A-shaped reversing slot shaft is disposed on the central surface of the A-shaped reversing slot assembly; the left and right slots are symmetrically arranged and their upper ends are connected; the A-shaped reversing slot reversing linkage device is disposed on the side of the left or right slot.

9. A high-reliability, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 2, characterized in that: The A-shaped reversing groove reversing linkage device of the straight reversing drive device, the Y-shaped reversing drive device and the A-shaped reversing drive device have the same structure, which is either a plate or a rod. The straight-line reversing drive device and the Y-shaped reversing drive device are used to drive the rotation of the straight-line reversing groove or the Y-shaped reversing groove during the flipping process of the metering tipping bucket assembly. The A-shaped commutator drive unit's A-shaped commutator slot commutator linkage device is used for limiting the A-shaped commutator slot assembly.

10. The high-reliability, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge sensor for oblique water injection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The A-shaped reversing drive device includes: a front support plate, a front axle hole, a rear support plate, and a rear axle hole; the front support plate and the rear support plate are symmetrically connected above the middle partition plate; the front axle hole is located on the front support plate; the rear axle hole is located on the rear support plate; the center lines of the front axle hole and the rear axle hole coincide. The front and rear shaft holes have the same structure, and are either through holes or blind holes from the inside.

11. The high-reliability, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The reversing linkage device of the straight reversing slot and the reversing linkage device of the Y-shaped reversing slot have the same structure, which is either a long rod or a plate; there are multiple long rods; there are two plates.

12. The high-reliability, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 6 or 8, characterized in that: The bottom shape of the one-line reversing slot, the left slot, and the right slot is the same, and can be one of the following: straight line, broken line, or arc. The cross-sectional shape of the aforementioned linear reversing slot is either closed at the top or open at the top; wherein, the open shape at the top is V-shaped, U-shaped, semi-circular, or polygonal; and the closed shape at the top is O-shaped, elliptical, or polygonal. The upper part of the aforementioned straight reversing groove is open within the water injection range of the water injection funnel; The left and right grooves have the same cross-sectional shape, which is an open shape at the top; the open shape at the top is one of the following: V-shaped, U-shaped, semi-circular, or polygonal.

13. The high-reliability, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge sensor with oblique water injection according to claim 7, characterized in that: The Y-shaped reversing channel includes: an upper water inlet, a middle partition plate, a shaft hole, and a lower drain pipe; the middle partition plate is disposed on the center surface of the Y-shaped reversing channel; the shaft hole is disposed on the middle partition plate; the upper water inlet is connected to the lower drain pipe and is disposed above the lower drain pipe; The upper water inlet and the lower drain pipe have the same cross-sectional shape, which is one of the following: circular, elliptical, rectangular, or polygonal.

14. An error offsetting method based on the high-reliability, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge sensor with oblique water injection as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Error offsetting method: During rainfall, rainwater is injected into the inclined guide channel through the outlet of the water injection funnel, and then injected into the end or middle area of ​​the trough through the low outlet of the guide channel. The rainwater injected into the trough flows down the end or middle area of ​​the trough to the root of the trough. The injected water flow generates a dynamic additional impact torque ∆Mc in the end or middle region of the hopper, which is positively correlated with the rainfall intensity Q. The water injected into the end or middle region of the hopper creates a high water level zone in this region, which is also positively correlated with the rainfall intensity Q, and thus generates an additional dynamic high water level potential torque ∆Ms. Under the combined action of ∆Mc and ∆Ms, the water storage hopper flips before the water storage capacity reaches the critical overflow value V0, resulting in a reduction in the overflow discharge of ∆Vp. Both ∆Vp and ∆Vx are positively correlated with the rainfall intensity Q, achieving dynamic offsetting between the reduction ∆Vp and the difference ∆Vx.

15. The error offsetting method for the high-reliability, large-range tipping bucket rain gauge sensor with oblique water injection according to claim 14, characterized in that: Error offsetting method: During rainfall, rainwater enters the reversing channel through the outlet of the water injection funnel and then flows into the inclined guide channel. It then enters the end or middle area of ​​the hopper through the low outlet of the guide channel. The rainwater entering the hopper flows to the root of the hopper along the end or middle area of ​​the hopper. The injected water flow generates a dynamic additional impact torque ∆Mc in the end or middle region of the hopper, which is positively correlated with the rainfall intensity Q. The water injected into the end or middle region of the hopper creates a high water level zone in this region, which is also positively correlated with the rainfall intensity Q, and thus generates an additional dynamic high water level potential torque ∆Ms. Under the combined action of ∆Mc and ∆Ms, the water storage hopper flips before the water storage capacity reaches the critical overflow value V0, resulting in a reduction in the overflow discharge of ∆Vp. Both ∆Vp and ∆Vx are positively correlated with the rainfall intensity Q, achieving dynamic offsetting between the reduction ∆Vp and the difference ∆Vx.

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