Composition for stably flowering mature longan from September to November and its application

Abstract

The present invention discloses a composition for stably flowering longans matured in September and November and its application. The composition is composed of potassium chlorate and sodium tungstate. Application of the composition in improving the flowering rate and / or yield of longans planted in the late season. A method for improving the flowering rate and / or yield of longans planted in the late season, comprising applying the composition of the present invention in spring to chemically induce flowering of the late season longans. The present invention improves the method of using a single potassium chlorate to induce flowering. By adding sodium tungstate when applying potassium chlorate, the flowering rate of plants induced by potassium chlorate in the late season can be effectively increased. The method can adjust the longan production period, reduce the impact of the environment on the flowering effect, break the limitation that the main longan producing areas in my country cannot achieve the production of longans in the late season, extend the longan harvest time, reduce the dependence on imported longans, increase the product value, improve the enthusiasm of fruit farmers for planting and provide them with technical support for the planting of the late season longan.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a composition for stably flowering longan 'Zhengjiwan' and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The longan production period is concentrated, mainly from late July to mid-August. The fruit will lose sugar content a week after it matures and hangs on the tree, so it needs to be picked in time. The post-harvest storage and transportation requirements are high, and the fresh fruit cannot be kept fresh for a long time, resulting in a short market supply period and high sales pressure, which directly affects the market price and economic benefits of longan planting, dampens the enthusiasm of fruit farmers to plant, and affects the development of the entire longan industry.

[0003] Longan is an evergreen fruit tree. Its flower bud differentiation and panicle development require a relatively long period of low temperatures (10-14°C). The use of potassium chlorate to induce flowering overcomes this low temperature requirement for longan flowering. The effectiveness of this method varies depending on the season and the variety. Currently, the most widely used method is to apply potassium chlorate in the middle of the season to ensure flowering the following year. This involves applying potassium chlorate to the soil or spraying it in late November or early December. Furthermore, applying potassium chlorate "early in the middle of the season" (i.e., applying potassium chlorate in late October or early November) can successfully produce early-maturing longan. While chlorate has some effectiveness in inducing flowering in longan "late in the middle of the season," it also suffers from issues such as inconsistent results, low flowering rates, significant inter-plant variability, and poor synchronization of flowering, hindering its widespread application in production. Currently, the main methods for inducing flowering are soil application and foliar spraying, using potassium chlorate as the agent. Soil application is the most common method, applying 30-60g of potassium chlorate per square meter at the drip line of the tree canopy, and spraying the leaves twice with a 1g / L potassium chlorate solution. Traditional application methods are limited and susceptible to weather, resulting in unstable flowering and a low flowering rate.

[0004] Therefore, developing a compound flower-inducing drug to induce stable flowering of longan 'Zhengjiwan' and a corresponding application method is of great significance for adjusting the longan production period, alleviating sales pressure, and increasing product value, which will greatly promote the development of the longan industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a composition for promoting the stable flowering of longan 'Zhengjiwan' in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide applications of the composition.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the flowering rate and / or yield of longan planted in the late season.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A composition for promoting stable flowering of longan 'Zhengjiwan' consists of potassium chlorate and sodium tungstate.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of potassium chlorate to sodium tungstate in the composition is (45-55):(1-10), preferably (48-52):(1-5), further preferably 50:(2-5), and even more preferably 50:(3-4).

[0011] 'Late in the season' means that longan matures later than normal. Longan generally matures from late July to mid-August, and 'late in the season' means it matures from September to November.

[0012] The composition of the present invention is used for improving the flowering rate and / or yield of longan planted in the late season.

[0013] The composition of the present invention is used in preparing a product for improving the flowering rate and / or yield of longan planted in the late season.

[0014] A method for improving the flowering rate and / or yield of longan planted in the 'Zhengjiwan' season, comprising applying the composition of the invention in spring to chemically induce flowering of the longan planted in the 'Zhengjiwan' season.

[0015] As a preference of the present invention, the application method is selected from any one or more of branch and trunk bark application, soil application by trenching and film covering, or soil application by film covering.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method described maintains soil moisture in winter, increases nitrogen fertilizer application, maintains the nutritional growth state of longan trees, reduces the amount of flowers in spring, and adopts a combination of flower spike cutting and flower bud removal for flowering trees, and starts the "late season" flower induction operation after cutting the flowers.

[0017] As a further preference of the present invention, the drug application method and dosage requirements of the branch bark dressing are as follows: the bark width of each large branch is 1-3 cm and the length is 8-12 cm, potassium chlorate is 4.5-5.5 g / wound, sodium tungstate is 0.1-1 g / wound, mixed with mud (8-10 g / wound) and evenly applied to the wound, wrapped with gauze and covered with a plastic bag to retain water and waterproof; preferably, potassium chlorate is 4-.8-5.2 g / wound, and sodium tungstate is 0.1-0.5 g / wound; further preferably: potassium chlorate is 5 g / wound, and sodium tungstate is 0.2-0.5 g / wound.

[0018] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the trenching and filming method of the soil application trenching and filming comprises: after applying the drug, parallel trenches are opened on both sides of the tree, and the soil under the tree crown projection and the soil surface in the trench are covered with plastic film; the requirements for drug dosage and usage are: potassium chlorate is applied at 45-55g / m 2 Sodium tungstate is 1-10g / m2 The dosage is 2.5-3.5L / m2 when dissolved in water. 2 , open a shallow circular trench at the drip line of the tree crown, evenly sprinkle the drug into the trench, and cover the soil and dead leaves after rinsing; potassium chlorate is preferably used at 48-52g / m 2 Sodium tungstate is 1-5g / m 2 The dosage is 3L / m 2 Further preferably potassium chlorate according to 50g / m 2 Sodium tungstate is 2-5g / m 2 The dosage is 3L / m 2 .

[0019] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, after applying the drug, the soil surface under the tree crown projection is directly covered with plastic film; the drug dosage and usage requirements are: potassium chlorate at 45-55g / m 2 Sodium tungstate is 1-10g / m 2 The dosage is 2.5-3.5L / m2 when dissolved in water. 2 , open a shallow circular trench at the drip line of the tree crown, evenly sprinkle the drug into the trench, and cover the soil and dead leaves after rinsing; potassium chlorate is preferably used at 48-52g / m 2 Sodium tungstate is 1-5g / m 2 The dosage is 3L / m 2 Further preferably potassium chlorate according to 50g / m 2 Sodium tungstate is 2-5g / m 2 The dosage is 3L / m 2 .

[0020] Principle of the invention:

[0021] Currently, potassium chlorate is the most commonly used single-agent for inducing flowering. Previous studies have shown that after chlorate ions are transported into the plant, they participate in the nitrate reduction process before nitrate ions, producing toxic chlorite. This reduces the content of chlorate ions, which are responsible for inducing flowering, and thus affects the effectiveness of inducing flowering. Therefore, the addition of a nitrate reductase inhibitor along with potassium chlorate can improve flowering stability and efficiency. Sodium tungstate, an inhibitor of nitrate reductase, can reduce its activity and reduce its chlorate reduction process, thereby increasing the chlorate concentration in longan and improving the success rate of inducing flowering. The combination of potassium chlorate and sodium tungstate significantly improved the flowering rate of the 'Zhengjiwan' longan variety, ensuring stable production of the 'Zhengjiwan' variety.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. The present invention improves the traditional method of using only potassium chlorate to induce flowering. By adding sodium tungstate when applying potassium chlorate, the flowering rate of potassium chlorate-induced late flowering can be effectively increased. This method can adjust the longan production period, reduce the impact of the environment on the flowering effect, break the limitation that the main longan producing areas in my country cannot achieve late flowering longan production, extend the longan harvest time, reduce dependence on imported longan, increase product value, improve the enthusiasm of fruit farmers for planting, and provide them with technical support for the cultivation of late flowering longan.

[0024] 2. The present invention provides a variety of application methods, and one or more of the three methods can be selected according to the conditions of the orchard.

[0025] 3. The drugs used in the present invention can be purchased on the market, and the application method is simple. They can be directly dissolved in water or mixed with soil before application. It is only necessary to control the application amount according to the trees of different ages.

[0026] 4. The peeling area of the present invention is small, which causes less damage to the tree. After the flowers are formed and the medicine is removed, the wound heals quickly, which does not affect the continued application in the second year. After the furrow is opened, it can be used continuously and the plastic film can be reused. The initial investment is small and the service life is long.

[0027] 5. The fruit setting rate of the longan trees after the stable flowering of the 'late season' in the present invention is no different from the fruit setting rate in the normal season, and therefore, it has high feasibility. Detailed description of the invention:

[0029] The present invention provides three implementation methods. The first method is to peel and apply medicine to the branches. The flower-inducing medicine used is potassium chlorate + sodium tungstate. The dosage and method of the medicine are as follows:

[0030] Keep soil moisture in winter, the dosage is 0.2g / m 2 Apply nitrogen fertilizer to the crown to maintain the longan tree's vegetative growth as much as possible, reduce the number of flowers in spring, and combine flower spike pruning and flower bud removal for flowering trees. After pruning (in mid-to-early April), begin the "late season" flowering process. Prioritize longan trees that have not flowered that year.

[0031] In this embodiment of the present invention, the drug application method and dosage requirements are as follows: peeling of large branches, one wound on each large branch, peeling width 2 cm, length 10 cm, potassium chlorate according to 5g / wound, sodium tungstate according to 0.3g / wound, mixed with 10g of mud and evenly applied to the wound, wrapped with gauze and covered with a plastic bag to retain water and waterproof.

[0032] In this embodiment, the bark can be peeled with easy-to-use knives such as ring barking knives and grafting knives. The peeling area minimizes damage to the tree while ensuring that the tree can absorb the medicine; mixing with mud allows the medicine to be slowly absorbed by the tree, avoiding direct damage to the tree by the original medicine; wrapping with gauze allows breathability and moisture retention; covering with plastic bags can prevent direct erosion by rainwater and retain water at the same time.

[0033] The present invention provides three implementation methods. The second implementation method is soil application, trenching and film covering. The flower-inducing drugs used are potassium chlorate + sodium tungstate. The drug dosage and soil application method are as follows:

[0034] Keep soil moisture in winter, the dosage is 0.2g / m 2 Apply nitrogen fertilizer to the crown to maintain the longan tree's vegetative growth as much as possible, reduce the number of flowers in spring, and combine flower spike pruning and flower bud removal for flowering trees. After pruning (in mid-to-early April), begin the "late season" flowering process. Prioritize longan trees that have not flowered that year.

[0035] In this embodiment, the dosage and usage requirements of the drug are as follows: potassium chlorate is 50g / m 2 , sodium tungstate according to 4g / m 2 The dosage is 3L / m 2 , dig a shallow circular trench at the drip line of the tree crown, evenly sprinkle the medicine into the trench, and cover it with soil and dead leaves. The shallow circular trench is dug around the tree with a hoe, covering the medicine under the soil, the same as the fertilization operation.

[0036] In this embodiment, the amount of potassium chlorate is 50g / m 2 , the dosage of sodium tungstate is 4g / m 2 Dissolve in water and apply. This is because flowering induction during the late season is more difficult. To ensure effective flowering, the potassium chlorate dosage is increased by over 60% compared to the normal season. Dissolved in water, the longan absorbs the drug better, promoting flowering. Application is made by creating a shallow circular trench at the drip line of the canopy, where well-developed root systems facilitate root absorption. Shallow trench coverage reduces drug loss and maximizes drug utilization.

[0037] The steps of trenching, film covering and waterproofing and drainage include: before applying the medicine, using a trenching machine to dig parallel trenches on both sides of the tree, and covering with plastic film after applying the medicine.

[0038] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the requirements for trenching and film covering are as follows: parallel trenches are opened between two rows of trees, the trench depth is 20-50 cm and is sloped, the width is about 50 cm, and the film covering range includes the soil under the tree crown projection and the inside of the trench.

[0039] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the trench is 20-50 cm deep and sloped, with a width of 50 cm. This is intended to facilitate operation and reduce costs compared to shallow, parallel trenches, and the slope facilitates drainage. The film covering the soil beneath the tree canopy and within the trench is primarily to prevent the drug from being washed away by rain. The film covering the trench drains rainwater in a timely manner, preventing it from penetrating the soil near the tree roots, keeping the root soil dry and reducing soil moisture to ensure drug efficacy.

[0040] In this embodiment, the trenching tool adopts a special trenching equipment. Of course, the trenching machine commonly used in agricultural production can also be used as long as the depth and width are guaranteed; the plastic film used is mainly for waterproofing and can be reused. As long as it is waterproof, it can be used, but it needs to be sun-resistant.

[0041] The present invention provides three implementation methods. The third implementation method is soil application and film covering. The flower-inducing drugs used are potassium chlorate + sodium tungstate. The soil application method is the same as the second implementation method. After soil application, film covering is directly performed without opening parallel trenches.

[0042] The second aspect of the present invention provides the use of the off-season stable flowering forcing method of longan described in the first aspect of the present invention in large-scale longan cultivation. In some embodiments of the present invention, the longan is selected from any one of 'Shixia' and 'Chuliang' longan. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 This is a photo of the branch and trunk peeling and medicine application method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] A: Peeling the bark off the branches; B: Applying the medicine with mixed soil; C: Wrapping with gauze and covering with film; D: Overall photo of the tree after applying the medicine.

[0045] Figure 2 This is an image of soil trenching and film covering in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 3 This is an image of the soil film applied in the example of this method.

[0047] Figure 4 This is an image of longan flowering and fruiting after inducing flowering in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the invention purpose, technical solution and technical effect of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described in this specification are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0049] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental materials and reagents used are consumables and reagents that can be obtained from conventional commercial channels.

[0050] Example 1:

[0051] Testing location: Fruit Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences;

[0052] On March 9, 2020, and March 2, 2021, after the inflorescences of Shixia longan trees were fully formed, they were pruned. Nine Shixia longan plants of roughly the same size were selected. Three served as the experimental group, receiving a bark peeling and application of a compound drug; three received a bark peeling and application of potassium chlorate alone; and three served as the blank control group, receiving only bark peeling and application of a mud paste without the addition of any drug. Pesticide application began 30 days after pruned flowers, specifically on April 9, 2020, and April 2, 2021.

[0053] Branch peeling dressing: The thickness of the selected branches should be 5-20cm. The peeling position should be at the base of the branches as much as possible. The peeling length should be about 10cm and the width should be about 2cm. The compound medicine potassium chlorate should be 5g / wound and sodium tungstate should be 0.3g / wound. The single potassium chlorate should be 5g / wound mixed with 10g mud and applied evenly to the wound. Wrap it with gauze and cover it with a plastic bag (such as Figure 1 ).

[0054] The observed phenology, flowering rate and single-plant yield in 2020 and 2021 are shown in Table 1.

[0055] Table 1 The phenological period and yield of longan induced by peeling and applying medicine on branches and trunks

[0056]

[0057] It has been found that peeling the bark and applying a compound drug to promote flowering one month after cutting the flowers in March can achieve a flowering rate of over 60% per plant and a yield of over 50 kg per plant. This is over four times more efficient and yielding than using potassium chlorate alone. By cultivating longan late in the season, the ripening period can be around the National Day holiday, improving the profitability of the longan product.

[0058] Example 2:

[0059] Testing location: Fruit Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences;

[0060] On March 9, 2020, and March 2, 2021, the inflorescences of Shixia longan trees were cut off after they had formed. Twelve Shixia longan plants of roughly the same size were selected. Four of these plants served as the experimental group, receiving soil application of a compound pesticide followed by furrowing and mulching; four received soil application of potassium chlorate alone followed by furrowing and mulching; and four served as the blank control group, receiving only furrowing and mulching without the addition of pesticides. Pesticide application began 30 days after flower cutting, on April 9, 2020, and April 2, 2021.

[0061] Soil application, trenching and film covering: compound potassium chlorate at 50g / m 2 , sodium tungstate according to 4g / m 2 The dosage of single potassium chlorate is 50g / m 2 Dissolve in water, the amount of water used is 3L / m 2 , dig a shallow circular trench at the drip line of the tree crown, evenly sprinkle the medicine into the trench, and cover the soil and dead leaves after spraying. Before applying the medicine, dig a parallel trench outside the drip line and cover it with film after applying the medicine.

[0062] The observed phenology, flowering rate and single-plant yield in 2020 and 2021 are shown in Table 2.

[0063] Table 2 Phenophase and yield of longan induced by soil application, furrowing and film mulching

[0064]

[0065] It was found that soil application, trenching, and film mulching resulted in a flowering rate of over 50% per plant and a yield of over 40 kg per plant, representing a fivefold increase in efficiency and a fourfold increase in yield compared to potassium chlorate alone. Compared to the branch bark application method, soil application had a lower flowering rate and yield, but the maturity period was similar, reaching maturity during the National Day holiday.

[0066] Example 3:

[0067] Testing location: Fruit Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences;

[0068] On March 9, 2020, and March 2, 2021, after the inflorescences of Shixia longan trees were fully formed, they were pruned. Nine Shixia longan plants of roughly the same size were selected. Three served as the experimental group, receiving soil application of a compound pesticide and mulching; three received soil application of potassium chlorate alone and mulching; and three served as the blank control group, receiving only mulching without the addition of pesticides. Pesticide application began 30 days after pruned flowers.

[0069] Soil coating: compound potassium chlorate at 50g / m 2 , sodium tungstate according to 4g / m 2 The dosage of single potassium chlorate is 50g / m 2 Dissolve in water, the amount of water used is 3L / m 2 , dig a shallow circular trench at the drip line of the tree crown, evenly sprinkle the medicine into the trench, cover it with soil and dead leaves, and then cover it with film.

[0070] The observed phenology, flowering rate and single-plant yield in 2020 and 2021 are shown in Table 3.

[0071] Table 3. Phenophase and yield of longan induced by soil mulching

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] It can be found that the addition of sodium tungstate can significantly improve the flowering efficiency and fruit setting rate of 'Zhengjiwan'. Compared with the method of soil application, trenching and film covering, not trenching will have some impact on flowering and fruit setting, so try to dig shallow trenches if conditions permit.

[0075] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composition for promoting the stable flowering of longan 'Zhengjiwan', characterized in that It is composed of potassium chlorate and sodium tungstate, wherein the mass ratio of potassium chlorate to sodium tungstate is 50:(2-5).

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of potassium chlorate to sodium tungstate is 50:(3-4).

3. Use of the composition according to claim 1 or 2 for increasing the flowering rate and / or yield of longan planted during the late season.

4. Use of the composition according to claim 1 or 2 in the preparation of a product for increasing the flowering rate and / or yield of longan planted during the late season.

5. A method for increasing the flowering rate and / or yield of longan planted in the late season, characterized in that The composition of claim 1 or 2 is applied in spring to chemically induce flowering of longan 'Zhengjiwan'.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The application method is selected from any one or more of branch and trunk bark application, soil application by trenching and film covering, or soil application by film covering.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that In winter, soil moisture should be maintained, nitrogen fertilizer should be added, the nutritional growth of longan trees should be maintained, the amount of flowers in spring should be reduced, and a combination of flower spike cutting and flower bud removal should be adopted for flowering trees. After cutting the flowers, the "late season" flower-inducing operation should be started.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein The drug application method and dosage requirements of the branch peeling dressing are as follows: peeling large branches, one wound on each large branch, the peeling width is 1-3 cm, and the length is 8-12 cm. Potassium chlorate is 5 g / wound, and sodium tungstate is 0.2-0.5 g / wound. After mixing with mud, apply it evenly to the wound. Wrap it with gauze and cover it with a plastic bag to retain water and waterproof it. The amount of mud used is 8-10 g / wound.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein The method of trenching and covering with film for soil application includes: after applying the drug, parallel trenches are opened on both sides of the tree, and the soil under the tree crown projection and the soil surface in the trench are covered with plastic film; the requirements for drug dosage and usage are: potassium chlorate at 50g / m 2 Sodium tungstate is 2-5 g / m 2 The dosage is 2.5-3.5 L / m 2 , dig a shallow circular trench at the drip line of the tree crown, evenly sprinkle the medicine into the trench, and cover it with soil and dead leaves after sprinkling.

10. The method according to claim 6, wherein After applying the drug, the soil film is directly covered with plastic film on the soil surface under the tree crown projection; the drug dosage and usage requirements are: potassium chlorate at 50g / m 2 Sodium tungstate is 2-5g / m 2 The dosage is 2.5-3.5 L / m 2 , dig a shallow circular trench at the drip line of the tree crown, evenly sprinkle the medicine into the trench, and cover it with soil and dead leaves after sprinkling.

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