Method for the parthenocarpy of grape

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of agricultural technology, and proposes a method for parthenocarpy of grape, comprising the following steps: S1, pinching the new shoots 4-5 days before flowering of grape; S2, cutting the buds 1-2 days after flowering; S3, performing non-nuclear treatment 1-2 days after full flowering; S4, performing fruit grain preservation and fruit enlargement treatment 7-10 days after fruit setting; and S5, applying compound fertilizer. Through the above technical scheme, the problems of low non-nuclear rate of sunlight rose and difficult production in large garden in the related art are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural technology, in particular, to a method for parthenocarpy of grape. BACKGROUND

[0002] The phenomenon of parthenocarpy in nature has been discovered and reported since the 1990s. Parthenocarpy refers to the phenomenon of ovary developing into seedless fruit without fertilization. It can be divided into spontaneous parthenocarpy and induced parthenocarpy. Spontaneous parthenocarpy refers to the phenomenon that ovary develops into fruit without pollination or other stimulation. Induced parthenocarpy refers to the phenomenon that ovary develops into seedless fruit without fertilization due to external stimulation.

[0003] The main factor affecting parthenocarpy is plant hormones, and environmental factors such as temperature and light can also indirectly affect parthenocarpy by affecting the synthesis of plant hormones.

[0004] The standard of market-recognized Sunlight Rose commodity fruit is 12-15g large fruit, seedless, sugar content above 18°, and fruit surface clean without fruit rust. Such standard fruit must be treated with plant growth regulators for fruit preservation and enlargement (using gibberellin acid and cell division regulator to immerse inflorescences or young fruits). The traditional treatment method has strict requirements for the treatment time, which must be completed within 72 hours after the grape is fully flowered. Early treatment may cause large and small fruit, and late treatment may cause seedless and fruit drop. The above defects have two shortcomings. First, the operation window period is short, and the labor is extremely concentrated, which is not conducive to large garden production. Second, if the germination is not uniform, it must be treated in batches, which is extremely inconvenient for production. At the same time, using the traditional treatment method cannot guarantee the seedless rate of Sunlight Rose. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a method for parthenocarpy of grape, which solves the problems of low seedless rate of Sunlight Rose and difficult production in large garden in the related art.

[0006] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0007] The method for parthenocarpy of grape comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1, pinching the new shoots 4-5 days before flowering of the grape;

[0009] S2, cutting the inflorescences 1-2 days after flowering;

[0010] S3, performing seedless treatment 1-2 days after full flowering;

[0011] S4, performing fruit preservation and enlargement treatment 7-10 days after fruit setting;

[0012] S5, applying compound fertilizer.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the step S1 is specifically: the vegetative branches are repeatedly pinched except that 3-4 leaves are reserved at the top of the side shoots, the rest of the side shoots are removed, the top side shoots of the fruiting branches are repeatedly pinched, 1 leaf is reserved above the fruit cluster and the side shoots below the fruit cluster are all removed.

[0014] As a further technical solution, the step S2 is specifically: 6-8 cm is reserved at the end, and 1 cm is removed at the tip of the bud.

[0015] As a further technical solution, the step S3 is specifically: the plant growth regulator is used to dip the fruiting clusters, and the plant growth regulator comprises the following components: gibberellin, thidiazuron and spermidine.

[0016] As a further technical solution, the concentration of the gibberellin is 10-25 ppm, the concentration of the thidiazuron is 5-10 ppm, and the concentration of the spermidine is 10-15 ppm.

[0017] As a further technical solution, in the step S4, the fruit retention and enlargement treatment uses an enlargement agent, and the enlargement agent comprises gibberellin, forchlorfenuron, potassium carbonate and polysorbate 80.

[0018] As a further technical solution, the concentration of the gibberellin is 20-25 ppm, the concentration of the forchlorfenuron is 10-15 ppm, the concentration of the potassium carbonate is 5-10 ppm, and the concentration of the polysorbate 80 is 1-2 ppm.

[0019] As a further technical solution, the compound fertilizer is specifically: the water-soluble fertilizer with the N-P-K content ratio of 15:10:30.

[0020] As a further technical solution, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 60-75 kg·hm -2 .

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0022] 1、In the present application, the flower pinching and the post-flowering pruning are carried out, so that the fruit is large and the quality is high, the method of the present application is used to plant the Yangguangmei rose, the single fruit weight of the obtained fruit can reach 13.5-15.2 g, the seedless rate can reach 98%-100%, the fruit surface is clean and free of fruit rust, and there is no fruit stem hardening phenomenon, the fruit development time can be shortened, and the maturation time can be shortened by 7-10 days.

[0023] 2、The seedless treatment is carried out by adding gibberellin, thiabendazole and spermidine after full flowering in the application, the concentration of the hormone is reasonably adjusted to avoid the lignification of fruit stem and improve the seedless rate, the sunlight rose cannot form seeds in the fruit after the seedless induction treatment, cannot provide the endogenous hormone required for normal development of the fruit, and needs to be treated again for fruit enlargement. In the application, gibberellin, forchlorfenuron, potassium carbonate and polysorbate 80 are used for fruit enlargement and fruit protection, and the synergistic effect of fruit enlargement and fruit protection is achieved, but if the concentration is too high, it also has an adverse effect on the fruit weight, and the addition of potassium carbonate and polysorbate 80 can improve the absorption of the fruit cluster to the enlargement agent, accelerate the growth of the fruit grain, and improve the single fruit weight. After the fruit enlargement and fruit protection, topdressing treatment is needed to further ensure the nutrient supply of the crops and improve the fruit quality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor also relate to the protection scope of the application.

[0025] The following specific embodiments are carried out in a grape planting base in Huailai County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, and a three-year-old variety of sunlight rose is planted, and 20 plants are planted in each specific embodiment. Unless otherwise specified, the conventional planting method is used.

[0026] Embodiment 1

[0027] S1, the new shoots are pinched 5 days before flowering of the grape: the auxiliary shoots of the vegetative branches are repeatedly pinched except that 4 leaves of the top auxiliary shoots are left, and the auxiliary shoots of the rest of the vegetative branches are all removed, the top auxiliary shoots of the fruiting branches are repeatedly pinched, 1 leaf of the auxiliary shoots above the fruit cluster is left and pinched, and the auxiliary shoots below the fruit cluster are all removed;

[0028] S2, the cluster is pruned 2 days after flowering: 7 to 8 cm of the lower end is left, and 1 cm of the cluster tip is removed;

[0029] S3, seedless treatment is carried out 2 days after full flowering: the fruit cluster is dipped in a mixed solution of 25 ppm of gibberellin, 10 ppm of thiabendazole and 15 ppm of spermidine;

[0030] S4, fruit grain protection and enlargement treatment is carried out 10 days after fruit setting: the fruit cluster is dipped in a mixed solution of 25 ppm of gibberellin, 15 ppm of forchlorfenuron, 10 ppm of potassium carbonate and 2 ppm of polysorbate 80;

[0031] S5, topdressing of compound fertilizer: the water-soluble fertilizer with the N-P-K content ratio of 15:10:30, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 65 kg·hm -2 .

[0032] Example 2

[0033] S1, 4 days before flowering, the new shoots were pinched: the top shoots of the vegetative branches were repeatedly pinched after leaving 4 leaves, the rest of the shoots were removed, the top shoots of the fruiting branches were repeatedly pinched after leaving 4 leaves, the shoots above the fruit cluster were absolutely pinched after leaving 1 leaf, and the shoots below the fruit cluster were all removed;

[0034] S2, 1 day after flowering, the clusters were pruned: 6 to 7 cm from the bottom was left, and 1 cm from the top was removed;

[0035] S3, 1 day after full flowering, the seedlessness treatment was performed: the clusters were dipped in a mixed solution of gibberellin 10 ppm, thidiazuron 10 ppm, and spermidine 10 ppm;

[0036] S4, 7 days after fruit setting, the fruit grain retention and enlargement treatment was performed: the clusters were dipped in a mixed solution of gibberellin 20 ppm, forchlorfenuron 10 ppm, potassium carbonate 5 ppm, and polysorbate 80 1 ppm;

[0037] S5, compound fertilizer was applied: water-soluble fertilizer with N-P-K content ratio of 15:10:30, the application amount of compound fertilizer was 75 kg·hm -2 .

[0038] Example 3

[0039] S1, 4 days before flowering, the new shoots were pinched: the top shoots of the vegetative branches were repeatedly pinched after leaving 4 leaves, the rest of the shoots were removed, the top shoots of the fruiting branches were repeatedly pinched after leaving 4 leaves, the shoots above the fruit cluster were absolutely pinched after leaving 1 leaf, and the shoots below the fruit cluster were all removed;

[0040] S2, 1 day after flowering, the clusters were pruned: 6 to 7 cm from the bottom was left, and 1 cm from the top was removed;

[0041] S3, 1 day after full flowering, the seedlessness treatment was performed: the clusters were dipped in a mixed solution of gibberellin 15 ppm, thidiazuron 8 ppm, and spermidine 12 ppm;

[0042] S4, 8 days after fruit setting, the fruit grain retention and enlargement treatment was performed: the clusters were dipped in a mixed solution of gibberellin 24 ppm, forchlorfenuron 12 ppm, potassium carbonate 8 ppm, and polysorbate 80 1.5 ppm;

[0043] S5, compound fertilizer was applied: water-soluble fertilizer with N-P-K content ratio of 15:10:30, the application amount of compound fertilizer was 75 kg·hm -2 .

[0044] Example 4

[0045] S1, 4 days before flowering, the new shoots were pinched: the top shoots of the vegetative branches were repeatedly pinched after 4 leaves were left, the rest of the shoots were removed, the top shoots of the fruiting branches were repeatedly pinched after 4 leaves were left, the shoots above the fruit clusters were absolutely pinched after 1 leaf was left, and the shoots below the fruit clusters were all removed;

[0046] S2, 1 day after flowering, the clusters were pruned: 6 to 7 cm of the lower end was left, and 1 cm of the cluster tip was removed;

[0047] S3, 1 day after full flowering, the seedlessness treatment was performed: the clusters were dipped in a mixed solution of gibberellin 10 ppm, thidiazuron 10 ppm and spermidine 10 ppm;

[0048] S4, 7 days after fruit setting, the fruit grain protection and enlargement treatment was performed: the clusters were dipped in a mixed solution of gibberellin 20 ppm and forchlorfenuron 10 ppm;

[0049] S5, compound fertilizer was applied: water-soluble fertilizer with N-P-K content ratio of 15:10:30, the application amount of the compound fertilizer was 75 kg·hm -2 .

[0050] Example 5

[0051] S1, 4 days before flowering, the new shoots were pinched: the top shoots of the vegetative branches were repeatedly pinched after 4 leaves were left, the rest of the shoots were removed, the top shoots of the fruiting branches were repeatedly pinched after 4 leaves were left, the shoots above the fruit clusters were absolutely pinched after 1 leaf was left, and the shoots below the fruit clusters were all removed;

[0052] S2, 1 day after flowering, the clusters were pruned: 6 to 7 cm of the lower end was left, and 1 cm of the cluster tip was removed;

[0053] S3, 1 day after full flowering, the seedlessness treatment was performed: the clusters were dipped in a mixed solution of gibberellin 10 ppm, thidiazuron 10 ppm and spermidine 10 ppm;

[0054] S4, 7 days after fruit setting, the fruit grain protection and enlargement treatment was performed: the clusters were dipped in a mixed solution of gibberellin 20 ppm, forchlorfenuron 10 ppm and potassium carbonate 5 ppm;

[0055] S5, compound fertilizer was applied: water-soluble fertilizer with N-P-K content ratio of 15:10:30, the application amount of the compound fertilizer was 75 kg·hm -2 .

[0056] Example 6

[0057] S1, 4 days before flowering, the new shoots were pinched: the top shoots of the vegetative branches were repeatedly pinched after 4 leaves were left, the rest of the shoots were removed, the top shoots of the fruiting branches were repeatedly pinched after 4 leaves were left, the shoots above the fruit clusters were absolutely pinched after 1 leaf was left, and the shoots below the fruit clusters were all removed;

[0058] S2, 1 day after flowering, cut the sprout: leave 6 to 7 cm at the lower end, and remove 1 cm from the tip of the sprout;

[0059] S3, 1 day after full flowering, thornless treatment: the mixed solution of gibberellin 10 ppm, thidiazuron 10 ppm, spermidine 10 ppm is dipped into the sprout;

[0060] S4, 7 days after fruit setting, fruit grain preservation and enlargement treatment: the mixed solution of gibberellin 20 ppm, forchlorfenuron 10 ppm, polysorbate 80 1 ppm is dipped into the sprout;

[0061] S5, application of compound fertilizer: water-soluble fertilizer with N-P-K content ratio of 15:10:30, the application amount of compound fertilizer is 75 kg·hm -2 .

[0062] Example 7

[0063] S1, 4 days before flowering, the new shoots are pinched: the top shoots of the nutrient branches are repeatedly pinched to leave 4 leaves, and the rest of the shoots are removed, the top shoots of the fruiting branches are repeatedly pinched to leave 4 leaves, the shoots above the fruit cluster are pinched to leave 1 leaf, and the shoots below the fruit cluster are removed;

[0064] S2, 1 day after flowering, cut the sprout: leave 6 to 7 cm at the lower end, and remove 1 cm from the tip of the sprout;

[0065] S3, 1 day after full flowering, thornless treatment: the mixed solution of gibberellin 10 ppm, thidiazuron 10 ppm is dipped into the sprout;

[0066] S4, 7 days after fruit setting, fruit grain preservation and enlargement treatment: the mixed solution of gibberellin 20 ppm, forchlorfenuron 10 ppm, potassium carbonate 5 ppm, polysorbate 80 1 ppm is dipped into the sprout;

[0067] S5, application of compound fertilizer: water-soluble fertilizer with N-P-K content ratio of 15:10:30, the application amount of compound fertilizer is 75 kg·hm -2 .

[0068] After the fruits of examples 1-7 mature, 5 fruit clusters are randomly taken from each treatment, 10 fruits are taken from the base, middle and tip of the 5 fruit clusters, and the grain weight is measured; part of the fruits from the upper, middle and lower parts of each fruit cluster are taken, a total of 100 fruits are cut open to check the thornless condition, and the thornless rate is calculated (thornless in berry is the standard, only normal mature fruit is counted, and thornless small fruit is not included).

[0069] Table 1 average fruit grain weight and thornless rate of examples 1-7

[0070]

[0071] The method of the embodiment of the present application promotes the parthenocarpy of the Sunshine Rose, and the single seed weight of the obtained Sunshine Rose is higher, up to 13.5-15.2 g, the seedless rate is up to 98%-100%, the fruit surface is clean without fruit rust, and there is no fruit stalk hardening phenomenon, which can shorten the fruit development time and early maturation by 7 to 10 days. Embodiment 3 is the embodiment with the best comprehensive performance, the seedless rate is up to 100%, and the single seed weight is 15.6 g.

[0072] Compared with embodiment 2, no potassium carbonate and polysorbate 80 are added in embodiment 4, no polysorbate 80 is added in embodiment 5, and no potassium carbonate is added in embodiment 6, and the fruit particles of the obtained Sunshine Rose are smaller than those of embodiment 2, only the synergistic effect of the simultaneous addition of potassium carbonate and polysorbate 80, gibberellin and forchlorfenuron can achieve the best fruit preservation and enlargement effect. In embodiment 7, spermidine is not added for seedless treatment, and the seedless rate of the obtained Sunshine Rose is low, and spermidine can improve the parthenocarpy of the Sunshine Rose.

[0073] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for the parthenocarpic fruit set of grapevines, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1. Pinching the new shoots 4-5 days before the grape flowers; S2. Pruning the buds 1-2 days after the flowers bloom; S3. Sterilizing the buds 1-2 days after the flowers bloom; S4. Treating the fruit grains 7-10 days after the fruit setting; S5. Applying the compound fertilizer; In the step S1, the pinching is specifically as follows: the auxiliary shoots of the vegetative branches are repeatedly pinched except that 3-4 leaves are left at the top, the auxiliary shoots of the fruiting branches are repeatedly pinched except that 3-4 leaves are left at the top, the auxiliary shoots above the fruit clusters are pinched except that one leaf is left, and the auxiliary shoots below the fruit clusters are all removed; In the step S3, the sterilization is specifically as follows: the buds are dipped in a plant growth regulator, and the plant growth regulator comprises the following components: gibberellin, thidiazuron and spermidine; The concentration of the gibberellin is 10-25 ppm, the concentration of the thidiazuron is 5-10 ppm, and the concentration of the spermidine is 10-15 ppm; The fruit grain expanding treatment is performed by using an expanding agent, and the expanding agent comprises gibberellin, forchlorfenuron, potassium carbonate and polysorbate 80; The concentration of the gibberellin is 20-25 ppm, the concentration of the forchlorfenuron is 10-15 ppm, the concentration of the potassium carbonate is 5-10 ppm, and the concentration of the polysorbate 80 is 1-2 ppm.

2. The method for parthenocarpic fruit set in grape according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step S2, the pruning is specifically as follows: 6-8 cm of the end is left, and 1 cm of the bud tip is removed.

3. The method for parthenocarpic fruit set in grape according to claim 1, wherein The compound fertilizer is specifically as follows: the water-soluble fertilizer with the N-P-K content ratio of 15:10:

30.

4. The method for parthenocarpic fruit set in grape according to claim 3, characterized in that, The application amount of the compound fertilizer is 60-75 kg·hm -2 .

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