Silage additive, functional silage, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a silage additive, functional silage, and a preparation method and application, which belong to the technical field of animal husbandry feed. The present invention provides a silage additive, comprising: Morinda officinalis, Achyranthes bidentata, Callicarpa nudiflora and Blumea balsamifera. The Chinese herbal medicines of Morinda officinalis, Achyranthes bidentata, Callicarpa nudiflora and Blumea balsamifera described in the present invention are rich in bioactive ingredients, have antibacterial and antimicrobial effects, antioxidant effects, etc., and as silage additives, can significantly improve the quality of silage fermentation, increase the lactic acid content of silage, reduce the content of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in silage, reduce the pH value, and improve the microbial community structure of silage. In addition, the Morinda officinalis described in the present invention has the effects of promoting kidney yang and treating infertility, and Achyranthes bidentata has the effects of promoting blood circulation, unblocking menstruation, and nourishing the liver and kidneys. The silage prepared by fermenting silage raw materials using the silage additive containing Morinda officinalis and Achyranthes bidentata provided by the present invention can significantly improve the production performance and reproductive performance of animals, thereby improving the efficiency of the breeding industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of animal husbandry feed, and in particular relates to a silage additive, functional silage, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Major forage grasses in my country include alfalfa, corn silage, pennisetum, and stylosanthes. Silage additives are required when preparing silage to improve fermentation quality and effectively preserve nutrients over the long term. Conventional silage additives include biological additives (lactic acid bacteria preparations, enzyme preparations, etc.) and chemical additives (organic acids, organic acid salts, sugars, etc.). Biological additives are significantly affected by the silage raw materials and the silage environment. Improper use of chemical additives can cause environmental problems and affect animal health, necessitating the development of new silage additives.

[0003] The livestock industry has long used large quantities of antibiotics, synthetic drugs, and steroid hormones as feed additives to improve animal performance and health, causing significant harm to human health and the ecological environment. Currently, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is also being used in forage silage preparation. Studies have found that when a certain proportion of TCM herbs, such as astragalus, hawthorn, eucommia leaves, terminalia chebula, elecampane, and sophora flavescens, are added to primary forages such as alfalfa, corn straw, and ryegrass, silage effectively preserves forage nutrients, significantly improves silage fermentation quality, inhibits aerobic spoilage, increases the abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, and decreases the abundance of undesirable bacteria in the silage microbiome, significantly promoting silage fermentation. However, few reports exist on TCM resources that can be used in common silage ingredients such as stylosanthes, pennisetum, and cassava leaves. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a silage additive capable of improving the fermentation quality of silage.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a silage additive, which comprises the following raw materials for preparation: Morinda officinalis, Achyranthes bidentata, Callicarpa nudiflora and Blumea balsamifera.

[0007] Preferably, the silage additive comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0008] 4-7 parts of Morinda officinalis, 1-3 parts of Achyranthes bidentata, 1-2 parts of Callicarpa nudiflora and 1-2 parts of Blumea balsamifera.

[0009] The present invention provides the use of the silage additive described in the above technical solution in improving the quality of silage.

[0010] Preferably, the application includes any one or more of the following (1) to (4):

[0011] (1) Increase the lactic acid content of silage;

[0012] (2) Lowering the pH value of silage;

[0013] (3) Reduce the butyrate content of silage;

[0014] (4) Improve the microbial community structure of silage.

[0015] The present invention provides a method for preparing functional silage, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Mixing the silage feed raw material, the fermentation agent, and the silage additive described in the above technical solution to obtain a silage mixture;

[0017] The silage mixture is subjected to silage fermentation to obtain functional silage.

[0018] Preferably, the mass ratio of the silage additive to the silage feed raw material is (1-5) g:1 kg;

[0019] The silage raw materials include one or more of stylosanthes, pennisetum and cassava leaves.

[0020] Preferably, the fermentation bacteria include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus plantarum; the concentration of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the silage mixture is 1×10 4 ~1×10 7 cfu / g; the concentration of Bacillus subtilis in the silage mixture is 1×10 4 ~1×10 7 cfu / g; the concentration of plant lactococcus in the silage mixture is ≥1×10 6 cfu / g.

[0021] Preferably, the silage fermentation period is 21 to 60 days.

[0022] The present invention provides functional silage prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution.

[0023] The present invention provides the use of the functional silage described in the above technical solution in improving the production performance and / or reproductive performance of animals.

[0024] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0025] The present invention provides a silage additive, comprising the following raw materials for preparation: Morinda officinalis, Achyranthes bidentata, Callicarpa nudiflora and Blumea balsamifera. In the present invention, the Morinda officinalis, Achyranthes bidentata, Callicarpa nudiflora and Blumea balsamifera Chinese herbal medicines are rich in bioactive ingredients, have antibacterial and antifungal effects, antioxidant effects, and can be used as silage additives. The silage additive of the present invention can be added to commonly used silage raw materials such as stylosanthes, Pennisetum foetida and cassava leaves to promote the ensiling process. Adding the silage additive of the present invention to silage raw materials can significantly improve the silage fermentation quality, increase the lactic acid content of silage, reduce the content of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in silage, reduce the pH value, and improve the microbial community structure of silage. The silage prepared by fermenting silage raw materials using the silage additive provided by the present invention can significantly improve the production performance and reproductive performance of animals, thereby improving the efficiency of the breeding industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the effect of adding different proportions of Chinese medicinal residue silage additives on the microbial community structure of functional silage;

[0028] Figure 2 This figure shows the effect of adding different proportions of Chinese medicinal leaf powder silage additives on the microbial community structure of functional silage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The invention provides a silage additive, which comprises the following raw materials for preparation: Morinda officinalis, Achyranthes bidentata, Callicarpa nudiflora and Blumea balsamifera.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the present invention has no special requirements on the sources of the components, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art may be used.

[0031] In the present invention, the Chinese herbal medicines Morinda officinalis, Achyranthes bidentata, Callicarpa nudiflora, and Blumea balsamifera are rich in bioactive ingredients, have antibacterial and antifungal effects, and can be used as silage additives. The silage additive of the present invention can be added to common silage materials such as Stylosanthes, Pennisetum, and cassava leaves to promote the silage process. Adding the silage additive of the present invention to silage materials can significantly improve the quality of silage fermentation, increase the lactic acid content of silage, reduce the content of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in silage, and lower the pH value.

[0032] The silage additive provided by the present invention preferably comprises 4 to 7 parts of Morinda officinalis, more preferably 5 to 7 parts, and more preferably 6 parts by mass. In the present invention, the Morinda officinalis nourishes kidney yang, strengthens yin and benefits essence, and is beneficial to animal reproduction.

[0033] Based on the mass of Morinda officinalis, the silage additive provided by the present invention preferably includes 1 to 3 parts of Achyranthes bidentata, more preferably 1 to 2 parts, and more preferably 2 parts. In the present invention, the Achyranthes bidentata promotes blood circulation, tonifies the liver and kidneys, and is beneficial to animal reproduction.

[0034] Based on the mass of Morinda officinalis, the silage additive provided by the present invention preferably includes 1 to 2 parts of Callicarpa nudiflora, more preferably 1 part. In the present invention, the Callicarpa nudiflora has antibacterial, bactericidal, antioxidant, and inhibits silage-damaging bacteria, which is beneficial to the progress of silage fermentation.

[0035] Based on the mass of Morinda officinalis, the silage additive provided by the present invention preferably includes 1 to 2 parts of Blumea Balsamifera, more preferably 1 part. In the present invention, the Blumea Balsamifera has antibacterial, bactericidal, and antioxidant properties, inhibits silage-damaging bacteria, and is conducive to silage fermentation.

[0036] In the present invention, the raw material for preparation can be medicinal residue or leaf powder. The medicinal residue is preferably the residue left after the pharmaceutical factory extracts the chemical components of the corresponding traditional Chinese medicine. The present invention does not specifically limit the source of the medicinal residue, and any conventional medicinal residue in the art can be used. In the present invention, the medicinal residue is preferably the residue after the medicinal components are extracted using conventional methods, and more preferably the residue after the medicinal components are extracted using conventional distillation, solvent extraction, or ultrasonic extraction. In the present invention, the composition of the medicinal residue is relatively stable and the source is safe and reliable.

[0037] In the present invention, the leaf powder is preferably obtained by crushing the leaves of the Chinese medicine. In the present invention, the leaves of the Chinese medicine are preferably fresh Chinese medicine leaves. Before crushing the leaves, the present invention preferably drys the leaves. In the present invention, the drying method preferably includes freeze drying and / or low-temperature drying. If the drying method is low-temperature drying, the temperature for low-temperature drying in the present invention is preferably 40°C~50°C. If the drying method is freeze drying, the present invention has no special restrictions on the freeze drying method, and conventional freeze drying methods in the field can be used. After obtaining the dried leaves, the present invention preferably crushes the dried leaves. The present invention has no special restrictions on the crushing method, and conventional crushing methods in the field can be used. The particle size of the leaf powder obtained by crushing in the present invention is preferably ≤5mm.

[0038] In the present invention, when the raw materials are medicinal residues, the raw materials for preparing the silage additive preferably include, by mass ratio, 5-7 parts of Morinda officinalis, 1-3 parts of Achyranthes bidentata, 1-2 parts of Callicarpa nudiflora, and 1-2 parts of Blumea balsamifera; more preferably, 6 parts of Morinda officinalis, 2 parts of Achyranthes bidentata, 1 part of Callicarpa nudiflora, and 1 part of Blumea balsamifera. In the present invention, when the raw materials are leaf powder, the raw materials for preparing the silage additive preferably include, by mass ratio, 4-6 parts of Morinda officinalis, 1-2 parts of Achyranthes bidentata, 1-2 parts of Callicarpa nudiflora, and 1-2 parts of Blumea balsamifera; more preferably, 4 parts of Morinda officinalis, 2 parts of Achyranthes bidentata, 2 parts of Callicarpa nudiflora, and 2 parts of Blumea balsamifera.

[0039] When the present invention uses medicinal residues as raw materials, the preparation method of the silage additive preferably comprises grinding Morinda officinalis, Achyranthes bidentata, Callicarpa nudiflora, and Blumea balsamifera respectively, passing through a 1 mm sieve, and mixing them according to a mass ratio to obtain the silage additive. When the present invention uses leaf powder as raw materials, the preparation method of the silage additive preferably comprises mixing leaf powders of Morinda officinalis, Achyranthes bidentata, Callicarpa nudiflora, and Blumea balsamifera according to a mass ratio to obtain the silage additive.

[0040] The silage additive provided by the present invention uses Morinda officinalis, Achyranthes bidentata, Callicarpa nudiflora and Blumea balsamifera as silage additives and is applied to the fermentation of silage raw materials. The Morinda officinalis, Achyranthes bidentata, Callicarpa nudiflora and Blumea balsamifera Chinese herbal medicines are rich in bioactive ingredients and have antibacterial, antibacterial and antioxidant effects. As silage additives, they can promote the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and inhibit the growth of undesirable bacteria such as Enterobacter, Clostridium and Pseudomonas. The active substances in the silage additive can promote the progress of silage fermentation, increase the content of lactic acid during the silage fermentation process, and reduce the pH value of silage and the content of acetic acid and butyric acid.

[0041] The present invention provides the use of the silage additive described in the above technical solution for improving the quality of silage. The silage additive provided by the present invention can promote the fermentation of silage raw materials, improve the quality of silage, increase the lactic acid content in silage, reduce the pH value of silage, reduce the butyric acid content in silage, and simultaneously improve the microbial community structure in silage. The improvement of the microbial community structure in silage described in the present invention preferably includes increasing the number of Lactobacillus microbial populations and reducing the number of Enterobacter, Clostridium, and Pseudomonas microbial populations.

[0042] The present invention provides a method for preparing functional silage, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Mixing the silage feed raw material, the fermentation agent, and the silage additive described in the above technical solution to obtain a silage mixture;

[0044] The silage mixture is subjected to silage fermentation to obtain functional silage.

[0045] The present invention mixes silage feed raw materials, a fermentation bacterial agent and the silage additive described in the above technical solution to obtain a silage mixture.

[0046] In the present invention, the silage feed raw material preferably includes any one or more of stylosanthes, pennisetum and cassava leaves. In the present invention, the fermentation bacteria preferably include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus plantarum. In the present invention, the concentration of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the silage mixture is preferably 1×10 4 ~1×10 7 cfu / g, more preferably 1×10 5 cfu / g; the concentration of Bacillus subtilis in the silage mixture is preferably 1×10 4 ~1×10 7 cfu / g, more preferably 1×10 5 cfu / g; the concentration of plant lactococci in the silage mixture is preferably ≥1×10 6 cfu / g, more preferably 1×10 6 cfu / g. In the present invention, the fermentation agent is preferably mixed with water before being added to the silage raw material to facilitate thorough mixing of the fermentation liquid and the silage raw material. The present invention does not specifically limit the mixing ratio of the fermentation agent to water; conventional mixing methods in the art can be used. The present invention does not specifically limit the sources of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, and Lactococcus plantarum; conventional bacterial agents in the art can be used. In the present invention, the mass ratio of silage additive to silage raw material is preferably (1-5) g:1 kg, more preferably (1-3.5) g:1 kg, and even more preferably (1.5-2) g:1 kg. If medicinal residue is used as the raw material for the silage additive, the mass ratio is more preferably 2.5 g:1 kg; if leaf powder is used as the raw material for the silage additive, the mass ratio is more preferably 1.0 g:1 kg. In the present invention, the silage additive and fermentation agent are preferably added to the silage raw material and mixed. The present invention has no special restrictions on the mixing method of the silage feed raw material, the fermentation bacteria agent, and the silage additive, as long as the three are mixed evenly.

[0047] After obtaining the silage mixture, the present invention performs silage fermentation on the silage mixture to obtain functional silage.

[0048] The present invention does not specifically limit the method of silage fermentation, and conventional silage fermentation methods in the art can be used. The silage fermentation time of the present invention is preferably 21 to 60 days, more preferably 21 to 30 days, and even more preferably 21 days. During the silage fermentation process, if the silage additive of the present invention is not added, the silage fermentation time is generally 30 to 60 days. However, by adding the silage additive to the silage fermentation raw material, the silage fermentation time can be shortened to 21 days, thereby reducing the silage fermentation time.

[0049] The present invention provides a functional silage prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution. In the present invention, the functional silage has a low pH, a high lactic acid content, and low butyric and propionic acid contents. The functional silage prepared by the present invention preferably has a lactic acid content of ≥5.34%, an acetic acid content of ≤1.77%, and virtually undetectable propionic and butyric acid. The pH of the functional silage is preferably ≤4.26.

[0050] In the present invention, the functional silage has the characteristics of high diversity and abundance of beneficial silage microorganisms. The abundance of beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus in the functional silage is significantly increased, while the abundance of undesirable silage bacteria Enterobacter, Clostridium and Pseudomonas is significantly reduced.

[0051] The present invention provides an application of the functional silage described in the above technical solution in improving the production performance and / or reproductive performance of animals.

[0052] The functional silage provided by the present invention can significantly improve the production performance of animals. In the present invention, the production performance preferably includes increasing the animal's feed intake, increasing the animal's daily weight gain, and reducing the animal's feed-to-weight ratio. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the functional silage can significantly improve the production performance of sheep.

[0053] The functional silage provided by the present invention can significantly improve the reproductive performance of animals. It can significantly increase the semen volume of rams, improve sperm motility, and increase serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone levels. It can also significantly increase the blood prolactin and luteinizing hormone levels of ewes, reduce progesterone levels, and increase breeding pregnancy rates, average lambing rates, and lamb birth weight.

[0054] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the technical solution provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Example 1-1

[0056] A silage additive, using medicinal residues as raw materials, has the following components by mass ratio:

[0057] Morinda officinalis 5g, Achyranthes bidentata 2g, Callicarpa nudiflora 2g and Artemisia balsamifera 1g.

[0058] The preparation method of the silage additive is as follows: the medicinal residues of the above components are crushed and then passed through a 1mm sieve for mixing to obtain the silage additive.

[0059] Example 1-2

[0060] A silage additive, using medicinal residues as raw materials, has the following components by mass ratio:

[0061] Morinda officinalis 6g, Achyranthes bidentata 2g, Callicarpa nudiflora 1g and Artemisia balsamifera 1g.

[0062] The preparation method of the silage additive is the same as that of Example 1-1.

[0063] Examples 1-3

[0064] A silage additive, using medicinal residues as raw materials, has the following components by mass ratio:

[0065] Morinda officinalis 7g, Achyranthes bidentata 1g, Callicarpa nudiflora 1g and Artemisia balsamifera 1g.

[0066] The preparation method of the silage additive is the same as that of Example 1-1.

[0067] Application Example 1

[0068] Silage feed was prepared by respectively using the silage additives in Examples 1-1 to 1-3

[0069] The silage additives of Examples 1-1 to 1-3 were added to Pennisetum for silage, with a mass ratio of 5 g of silage additive to 1 kg of Pennisetum. After obtaining the silage mixture, the silage mixture was subjected to silage fermentation for 30 days to obtain Pennisetum silage.

[0070] The fermentation quality of the prepared Pennisetum silage was tested. pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid contents were determined according to Sun Rong (2023). Each treatment was replicated three times, with a 20g sample collected from each replicate, and each sample was tested twice.

[0071] The test results of the silage quality prepared by the silage additives of Examples 1-1 to 1-3 are shown in Table 1.

[0072] Table 1 Quality of silage prepared by silage additives of Example 1-1 to Example 1-3

[0073]

[0074] Note: -- indicates no related substances were detected.

[0075] As shown in Table 1, the silage additives prepared by crushing and mixing different proportions of medicinal residues were used to prepare Pennisetum silage, and the silage fermentation quality was analyzed. The results showed that the pH value of the 6:2:1:1 treatment group was significantly reduced, the lactic acid content was significantly increased, the butyric acid content was significantly reduced, and the silage quality was significantly improved. The silage effect was best when the medicinal residue ratio was 6:2:1:1.

[0076] Example 2-1

[0077] A silage additive, using leaf powder as raw material, has the following components by mass ratio:

[0078] Morinda officinalis 6g, Achyranthes bidentata 2g, Callicarpa nudiflora 1g and Artemisia balsamifera 1g.

[0079] The preparation method of the leaf powder is:

[0080] freeze-drying the fresh leaves of each raw material to obtain the dried leaves of each raw material;

[0081] The dried leaves were crushed to a particle size of ≤5 mm to obtain leaf powder of each raw material.

[0082] The preparation method of the silage additive is as follows: the leaf powders of the above components are mixed according to parts by mass to obtain the silage additive.

[0083] Example 2-2

[0084] A silage additive, using leaf powder as raw material, has the following components by mass ratio:

[0085] Morinda officinalis 5g, Achyranthes bidentata 2g, Callicarpa nudiflora 2g and Artemisia balsamifera 1g.

[0086] The preparation method of the leaf powder is the same as that of Example 2-1.

[0087] The preparation method of the silage additive is the same as that of Example 2-1.

[0088] Example 2-3

[0089] A silage additive, using leaf powder as raw material, has the following components by mass ratio:

[0090] Morinda officinalis 4g, Achyranthes bidentata 2g, Callicarpa nudiflora 2g and Artemisia balsamifera 2g.

[0091] The preparation method of the leaf powder is the same as that of Example 2-1.

[0092] The preparation method of the silage additive is the same as that of Example 2-1.

[0093] Application Example 2

[0094] Silage was prepared by using the silage additives in Example 2-1 to Example 2-3 respectively.

[0095] The silage material is Pennisetum, which is in its growth stage and has a plant height of about 1.5m. The Pennisetum is harvested in June.

[0096] Pennisetum usually blooms around December, and most of the time is in the growing period. Pennisetum is utilized by mowing it multiple times during its growth process, and each time it is mowed when it is about 1.5 meters high to process silage.

[0097] The silage additives from Examples 2-1 and 2-3 were added to Pennisetum for silage, with a mass ratio of 5g of silage additive to 1kg of Pennisetum. After obtaining the silage mixture, the silage mixture was fermented for 30 days to obtain Pennisetum silage.

[0098] Pennisetum silage was prepared using a conventional method. A commercial lactic acid bacteria preparation was added during the ensilage process. The ensilage fermentation lasted for 60 days to obtain conventional Pennisetum silage. The commercial lactic acid bacteria preparation was "Silage Gang," available from Ketuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Its main components include Lactobacillus plantarum (Ps-8, Ps-9), sucrose, and sodium aluminosilicate.

[0099] The fermentation quality of the prepared Pennisetum silage was tested. The pH value, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid contents were determined according to Sun Rong (2023).

[0100] The test results of the silage quality prepared by the silage additives of Example 2-1 to Example 2-3 are shown in Table 2.

[0101] Table 2 Quality of silage prepared by silage additives of Example 2-1 to Example 2-3

[0102]

[0103] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences.

[0104] As shown in Table 2, the silage additives obtained by mixing leaf powder in different proportions were used to prepare Pennisetum silage. The silage fermentation quality was analyzed. The results showed that the pH value of the 4:2:2:2 treatment group was significantly lower than that of the other treatment groups, the lactic acid content was significantly increased, the butyric acid content was significantly reduced, and the silage quality was significantly improved. The silage effect was best when the leaf powder ratio was 4:2:2:2.

[0105] Example 3-1

[0106] A functional silage, wherein the preparation method of the functional silage is as follows:

[0107] Raw materials: Pennisetum as silage raw material, the silage additives in Example 1-2 and microbial agents; the microbial agents are composed of: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, Bacillus subtilis agent and Lactococcus plantarum agent.

[0108] Among them, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus plantarum were all purchased from Sinopharm Group.

[0109] The amount of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus plantarum added was calculated based on the silage raw materials so that the concentration of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the silage mixture was 1×10 5 cfu / g, the concentration of Bacillus subtilis inoculum was 1×10 5 cfu / g, the concentration of plant lactococcus inoculum was 1×10 6 cfu / g.

[0110] The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant, the Bacillus subtilis inoculant and the Lactococcus plantarum inoculant are mixed and added to an appropriate amount of water to prepare a microbial inoculant mixed bacterial solution. The purpose of adding the inoculant to water in the above step is to facilitate the thorough mixing of the inoculant in the silage fermentation raw materials.

[0111] The silage additive and the mixed bacterial liquid of the microbial agent are added to the Pennisetum and mixed evenly. The addition amount of the silage additive to the Pennisetum is 2.5 g / kg to obtain a silage mixture. The raw material for silage is the Pennisetum in the growth period, with a plant height of about 1.5 m and harvested in July.

[0112] The silage mixture was fermented for 21 days to obtain functional silage.

[0113] Example 3-2

[0114] A functional silage feed is prepared by the same method as in Example 3-1, except that the amount of the silage additive added to the Pennisetum is 1.5 g / kg. The growth stage of the Pennisetum raw material during silage is the same as in Example 3-1.

[0115] Example 3-3

[0116] A functional silage feed is prepared by the same method as in Example 3-1, except that the amount of the silage additive added to the Pennisetum is 3.5 g / kg. The growth stage of the Pennisetum raw material during silage is the same as in Example 3-1.

[0117] Comparative Example 3-1

[0118] Functional silage is prepared using the same method as in Example 3-1, except that a commercial lactic acid bacteria preparation is used to ensilage Pennisetum truncatum without adding silage additives. The silage is fermented for 60 days to obtain the silage. The commercial lactic acid bacteria preparation is "Silage Gang," available from Ketuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Its main components are Lactobacillus plantarum (Ps-8, Ps-9), sucrose, and sodium aluminosilicate. The Pennisetum truncatum growth stage during ensilage is the same as in Example 3-1.

[0119] Application Example 3

[0120] The quality and microbial community structure of the functional silage prepared in Example 3-1 to Example 3-3 and Comparative Example 3-1 were tested.

[0121] The methods for determining the pH value, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid content of silage refer to Sun Rong (2023). The method for analyzing the microbial community structure of silage adopts 16S high-throughput sequencing. The specific steps refer to Sun Rong (2023).

[0122] The quality test results of the functional silage prepared in Example 3-1 to Example 3-3 and Comparative Example 3-1 are shown in Table 3.

[0123] Table 3 Quality test results of functional silage prepared in Example 3-1 to Example 3-3 and Comparative Example 3-1

[0124]

[0125] Note: -- indicates that no related substances were detected. Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences.

[0126] As shown in Table 3, the addition of different proportions of medicinal residues has a significant effect on the quality of Pennisetum silage. Compared with the control group (silage with commercial lactic acid bacteria preparation), the pH value, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid contents are significantly reduced, and the lactic acid content is significantly increased, thereby improving the fermentation quality. Among them, the functional silage prepared in Example 3-1 has the best silage effect.

[0127] The microbial community structure of the functional silage prepared in Example 3-1 to Example 3-3 and Comparative Example 3-1 is as follows: Figure 1 shown. Figure 1 The 1.5 slag corresponds to the test result of the functional silage prepared in Example 3-2; the 3.5 slag corresponds to the test result of the functional silage prepared in Example 3-3; the 2.5 slag corresponds to the test result of the functional silage prepared in Example 3-1; the control corresponds to the test result of the functional silage prepared in Example 3-1.

[0128] Depend on Figure 1It was found that the 16S high-throughput sequencing analysis of the silage microbial community structure found that the addition of different proportions of medicinal residues had a significant effect on the microbial community structure of Pennisetum silage. Compared with the control silage, the abundance of beneficial silage bacteria Lactobacillus was significantly increased, while the silage-unfavorable bacteria Enterobacter, Clostridium, and Pseudomonas were significantly reduced. Among them, the abundance of Lactobacillus in the functional silage prepared in Example 3-1 exceeded 90%, and the abundance of silage-unfavorable bacteria was the lowest, which significantly improved the silage microbial community structure.

[0129] Example 4-1

[0130] A functional silage is prepared by the same method as in Example 3-1, except that the silage additive of Example 2-3 is used, and the amount of the silage additive added to Pennisetum is 0.5 g / kg. The silage raw material is Pennisetum in its growing stage, about 1.5 m tall, and harvested in August.

[0131] Example 4-2

[0132] A functional silage is prepared by the same method as in Example 4-1, except that the amount of the silage additive added to the Pennisetum is 1.0 g / kg. The Pennisetum raw material is grown at the same stage as in Example 4-1 during silage.

[0133] Example 4-3

[0134] A functional silage is prepared by the same method as in Example 4-1, except that the amount of the silage additive added to the Pennisetum is 2.0 g / kg. The growth stage of the Pennisetum raw material during silage is the same as in Example 4-1.

[0135] Comparative Example 4-1

[0136] Functional silage is prepared using the same method as in Example 3-1, except that a commercial lactic acid bacteria preparation is used to ensilage Pennisetum truncatum without adding silage additives. The silage is fermented for 60 days to obtain the silage. The commercial lactic acid bacteria preparation is "Silage Gang," available from Ketuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Its main components are Lactobacillus plantarum (Ps-8, Ps-9), sucrose, and sodium aluminosilicate. The Pennisetum truncatum growth stage during ensilage is the same as in Example 4-1.

[0137] Application Example 4

[0138] The quality and microbial community structure of the functional silage prepared in Examples 4-1 to 4-3 and Comparative Example 4-1 were tested.

[0139] The methods for determining the pH value, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid content of silage refer to Sun Rong (2023). The method for analyzing the microbial community structure of silage adopts 16S high-throughput sequencing. The specific steps refer to Sun Rong (2023).

[0140] The quality test results of the functional silage prepared in Examples 4-1 to 4-3 and Comparative Example 4-1 are shown in Table 4.

[0141] Table 4 Quality test results of functional silage prepared in Example 4-1 to Example 4-3 and Comparative Example 4-1

[0142]

[0143] Note: -- indicates that no related substances were detected. Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences.

[0144] As can be seen from Table 4, the addition of different proportions of Chinese medicinal leaf powder has a significant effect on the quality of Pennisetum silage. Compared with the control group (silage with commercial lactic acid bacteria preparation), the pH value, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid contents are significantly reduced, and the lactic acid content is significantly increased, thereby improving the fermentation quality. Among them, the functional silage prepared in Example 4-2 has the best silage effect.

[0145] The microbial community structure of the functional silage prepared in Examples 4-1 to 4-3 and Comparative Example 4-1 is as follows: Figure 2 shown. Figure 2 The 0.5 leaf powder corresponds to the test result of the functional silage prepared in Example 4-1; the 2 leaf powder corresponds to the test result of the functional silage prepared in Example 4-3; the 1 leaf powder corresponds to the test result of the functional silage prepared in Example 4-2; the control corresponds to the test result of the functional silage prepared in Comparative Example 4-1.

[0146] Depend on Figure 2 It was found that the 16S high-throughput sequencing analysis of the silage microbial community structure found that the addition of different proportions of Chinese medicinal leaf powder had a significant effect on the microbial community structure of Pennisetum functional silage. Compared with the direct silage in the control group, the abundance of silage-beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Weissella was significantly increased, while the silage-unfavorable bacteria Enterobacter was significantly reduced. Among them, the sum abundance of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Weissella in the functional silage prepared in Example 4-2 exceeded 90%, and the abundance of silage-unfavorable bacteria Enterobacter was the lowest, which significantly improved the silage microbial community structure.

[0147] Application Example 5

[0148] Functional silage effect verification test

[0149] 1. A goat feeding experiment was conducted using the functional silage in Example 3-1, Example 4-2 and the control silage in Comparative Example 4-1.

[0150] Goats were randomly divided into three groups, each group consisting of 6 male and female goats, namely, test group 1, test group 2, and control group 1. Among them, test group 1 was fed the functional silage in Example 3-1 twice a day, with a feeding amount of 2.5 g / kg each time; test group 2 was fed the functional silage in Example 4-2 twice a day, with a feeding amount of 1 g / kg each time; and control group 1 was fed the silage in the control silage twice a day, with a feeding amount of 1 to 3 kg each time.

[0151] All experimental groups were managed identically, with each group receiving a fixed amount of 200-400g of the same concentrate feed twice daily (composition: 67% corn, 18% soybean meal, 9.8% bran, 1.4% shell powder, 0.6% baking soda, 1.4% sodium chloride, 0.8% sodium bicarbonate, and 1% premix). The goats consumed their own food throughout the experiment. The transitional acclimatization period lasted 10 days (fed the same way as the full experimental period), and the full experimental period lasted 60 days. Goats were weighed on the first day of the experiment, and their intake of concentrate feed and functional silage was recorded daily. After the experiment, goats were weighed and their feed intake, daily weight gain, and feed-to-gain ratio were calculated.

[0152] After the experiment was completed, the feed intake, daily weight gain and feed-to-weight ratio of the goats in Experimental Group 1, Experimental Group 2 and Control Group 1 were statistically analyzed and shown in Table 5.

[0153] Table 5 Effects of the functional silage in Example 3-1, Example 4-2 and the control silage on the feed intake, daily weight gain and feed-to-weight ratio of goats

[0154]

[0155] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences.

[0156] As shown in Table 5, compared with the control silage, the feed intake and daily weight gain of the groups fed with Chinese medicinal residue functional silage and Chinese medicinal leaf powder functional silage were significantly increased, and the feed-to-weight ratio was significantly reduced. Feeding Chinese medicinal residue functional silage and Chinese medicinal leaf powder functional silage improved the production performance and feed conversion rate of goats. There was no significant difference in feed intake, daily weight gain and feed-to-weight ratio between the experimental groups fed with Chinese medicinal residue functional silage and Chinese medicinal leaf powder functional silage.

[0157] 2. A test was conducted on feeding rams with the functional silage in Example 3-1, Example 4-2 and the control silage in Comparative Example 4-1.

[0158] The rams selected for the experiment were 6-month-old unbred Hainan black goat rams. The rams were randomly divided into three groups, with 6 rams in each group, namely experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and control group 1.

[0159] Experimental Group 1 was fed the functional silage described in Example 3-1 twice daily at a rate of 2.5 g / kg per feeding; Experimental Group 2 was fed the functional silage described in Example 4-2 twice daily at a rate of 1 g / kg per feeding; and Control Group 1 was fed the control silage twice daily at a rate of 1-3 kg per feeding. All experimental groups were managed identically, with each group receiving a fixed amount of 200-400 g of the same concentrate feed twice daily (composition: 67% corn, 18% soybean meal, 9.8% bran, 1.4% shell powder, 0.6% baking soda, 1.4% sodium chloride, 0.8% sodium bicarbonate, and 1% premix). The goats ate at their own discretion throughout the experiment. The transition adaptation period was 10 days (the feeding method during the transition adaptation period was the same as that during the formal trial period), and the formal trial period was 60 days. After the experiment, the semen and blood of the rams were collected, and the semen volume, sperm motility, serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone of the rams were tested, and the reproductive performance indicators of the rams were analyzed.

[0160] After the experiment was completed, the reproductive performance indicators of the rams in experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and control group 1 are shown in Table 6.

[0161] Table 6 Effects of functional silage in Example 3-1, Example 4-2 and control silage on ram reproductive performance indicators

[0162]

[0163] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences.

[0164] As shown in Table 6, compared with the control functional silage, the semen volume, sperm motility, serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels of the rams fed with the functional silage of Chinese medicinal residues and the functional silage of Chinese medicinal leaf powder were significantly increased. The reproductive performance of the rams was improved in the experimental groups fed with the functional silage of Chinese medicinal residues and the functional silage of Chinese medicinal leaf powder. There was no significant difference in the various indicators between the experimental groups fed with the functional silage of Chinese medicinal residues and the functional silage of Chinese medicinal leaf powder.

[0165] 3. A test was conducted on feeding ewes with the functional silage in Example 3-1, Example 4-2 and the control silage in Comparative Example 4-1.

[0166] The ewes were randomly divided into three groups, with 6 ewes in each group, namely experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and control group 1.

[0167] Among them, the experimental group 1 was fed with the functional silage in Example 3-1 twice a day, and the feeding amount for each feeding was 2.5 g / kg; the experimental group 2 was fed with the functional silage in Example 4-2 twice a day, and the feeding amount for each feeding was 1 g / kg; the control group 1 was fed with the silage in the control silage twice a day, and the feeding amount for each feeding was 1 to 3 kg.

[0168] All experimental groups were managed identically, with each group receiving a fixed amount of 200-400g of the same concentrate feed twice daily (composition: 67% corn, 18% soybean meal, 9.8% bran, 1.4% shell powder, 0.6% baking soda, 1.4% sodium chloride, 0.8% sodium bicarbonate, and 1% premix). The goats ate their own food throughout the experiment. A transitional acclimatization period lasted 10 days (feeding methods were the same as those during the full experimental period), followed by a 60-day full experimental period. Following the conclusion of the experiment, blood samples were collected from the ewes for prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and progesterone testing, and reproductive performance was analyzed.

[0169] The formal trial period was 60 days. The ewes in each experimental group were naturally bred, and the pregnancy rate, lambing rate and lamb birth weight were tracked and recorded.

[0170] After the experiment was completed, the statistical results of the reproductive performance indicators, pregnancy rate, lambing rate and lamb birth weight of the ewes in experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and control group 1 are shown in Table 7.

[0171] Table 7 Effects of functional silage of Example 3-1 and Example 4-2 and control silage on reproductive performance indexes, pregnancy rate, lambing rate and lamb birth weight of ewes

[0172] Group Group Prolactin (mIU / mL) Luteinizing hormone (mIU / L) Progesterone (ng / mL) Breeding pregnancy rate (%) Average lambing rate (%) Lamb birth weight (kg) comparison Control silage <![CDATA[579.47±38.1 b ]]> <![CDATA[5.88±0.46 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.21±0.05 a ]]> <![CDATA[69.47±5.33 b ]]> <![CDATA[122.16±4.78 b ]]> <![CDATA[2.58±0.33 b ]]> Example 3-1 Chinese medicine residue silage <![CDATA[683.1±23.6 a ]]> <![CDATA[8.34±0.53 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.11±0.03 b ]]> <![CDATA[89.70±6.49 a ]]> <![CDATA[145.08±7.80 a ]]> <![CDATA[3.16±0.25 a ]]> Example 4-2 Chinese herbal medicine leaf powder silage <![CDATA[660.4±25.0 a ]]> <![CDATA[8.55±0.34 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.10±0.02 b ]]> <![CDATA[90.33±5.15 a ]]> <![CDATA[151.13±5.79 a ]]> <![CDATA[3.22±0.46 a ]]>

[0173] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences.

[0174] As shown in Table 7, compared with the control silage, the groups fed with the functional silage containing TCM residues and the functional silage containing TCM leaf powder significantly increased blood prolactin and luteinizing hormone levels, significantly reduced progesterone levels, and significantly increased breeding pregnancy rate, average lambing rate, and lamb birth weight. Feeding the functional silage containing TCM residues and the functional silage containing TCM leaf powder improved the reproductive performance of ewes. There were no significant differences in any of the tested parameters between the groups fed with the functional silage containing TCM residues and the functional silage containing TCM leaf powder.

[0175] The conventional method in Example 2 was used to prepare Pennisetum silage. The difference in quality test results between the silage prepared in Comparative Example 3-1 and the silage prepared in Comparative Example 4-1 was because this experiment was a progressive relationship, and the plant samples used were at different growth stages, resulting in slightly different results.

[0176] In summary, the silage additive provided by the present invention can significantly improve the quality of silage fermentation, increase the lactic acid content of silage, reduce the content of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in silage, lower the pH value, and improve the microbial community structure of silage. Silage prepared by fermenting silage raw materials using the silage additive provided by the present invention can significantly improve the production and reproductive performance of animals, thereby increasing the efficiency of the breeding industry.

[0177] Although the above embodiment provides a detailed description of the present invention, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A silage additive, characterized in that: The composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-7 parts of Morinda officinalis, 1-3 parts of Achyranthes bidentata, 1-2 parts of Callicarpa nudiflora and 1-2 parts of Blumea balsamifera.

2. Use of the silage additive according to claim 1 in improving the quality of silage.

3. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that The application includes any one or more of the following (1) to (4): (1) Increase the lactic acid content of silage; (2) Lowering the pH value of silage; (3) Reduce the butyrate content of silage; (4) Improve the microbial community structure of silage.

4. A method for preparing functional silage, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Mixing silage feed raw materials, fermentation bacteria agent, and the silage additive according to claim 1 to obtain a silage mixture; The silage mixture is subjected to silage fermentation to obtain functional silage.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that The mass ratio of the silage additive to the silage feed raw material is (1-5) g:1 kg; The silage raw materials include one or more of stylosanthes, pennisetum and cassava leaves.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that The fermentation bacteria include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus plantarum; the concentration of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the silage mixture is 1×10 4 ~1×10 7 cfu / g; the concentration of Bacillus subtilis in the silage mixture is 1×10 4 ~1×10 7 cfu / g; the concentration of plant lactococcus in the silage mixture is ≥1×10 6 cfu / g.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that The silage fermentation lasts for 21 to 60 days.

8. The functional silage prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 7.

9. Use of the functional silage according to claim 8 in improving animal production performance and / or reproductive performance.

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