An optimized nitrogen application strategy based on soil fumigation and disinfection

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of plant nutrition, and particularly to an optimized nitrogen fertilization strategy based on soil fumigation. The present invention provides a nitrogen fertilizer application strategy based on soil fumigation, comprising the following steps: applying nitrogen fertilizer after soil fumigation; the soil fumigant comprises one or more of chloropicrin, dazomet, methamphetamine, dimethyl disulfide, horseradish, and ethionol; the fumigant dosage is divided into a low dose of 20 to 40 kg / mu and a high dose of 40 to 80 kg / mu; the nitrogen fertilizer is a combination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, with 1 / 8 of the nitrogen fertilizer's mass used as a base fertilizer, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in four equal portions as topdressing; the total amount of the base fertilizer and topdressing is 32 to 40 kg / mu; the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50 to 100:0 to 50; and the mass of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is unequal. Compared with conventional nitrogen application, this method can significantly increase crop yields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of plant nutrition, and in particular to a nitrogen fertilizer application strategy based on soil fumigation and disinfection. Background Art

[0002] Soil fumigation is currently one of the most effective measures for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of greenhouse vegetables. It is widely used on crops such as tomatoes, cucumbers, strawberries, ginger, and Chinese medicinal materials. However, due to the drastic impact of soil fumigation on microbial communities, the microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle undergo significant changes, thereby disrupting the normal conversion of nitrogen in the soil. For example, studies have found that in the early stages of soil fumigation, it significantly inhibits the ammonia oxidation process and promotes denitrification, leading to a large accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in the soil. In the later stages of soil fumigation, after the nitrifying microorganisms gradually recover, the consumption of ammonium nitrogen in the soil is accelerated, resulting in a rapid decrease in ammonium nitrogen. This shows that after soil fumigation, the soil nitrogen cycle process is severely disturbed, affecting the conversion of nitrogen and, in turn, the nitrogen supply to the rhizosphere of crops.

[0003] Nitrogen is one of the most important elements for plant growth and development, and plays an important role in crop growth and increasing crop yield.

[0004] Nitrate and ammonium nitrogen fertilizers are two important forms of nitrogen absorbed and utilized by plants, and they have different regulatory effects on crop growth and metabolism. Plants differ in their absorption, utilization, and physiological regulation of the two forms of nitrogen. Current nitrogen fertilizer management measures after soil fumigation do not focus on the ammonium-nitrate ratio in nitrogen fertilizers, and excessive nitrogen fertilizer use leads to low crop yields and high costs. A reasonable nitrogen application strategy after soil fumigation is crucial to maximizing the benefits of nitrogen fertilizers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above issues, the present invention provides a nitrogen fertilizer application strategy based on soil fumigation and disinfection. This method can significantly increase crop yields and reduce nitrogen fertilizer input costs.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a nitrogen fertilizer application strategy based on soil fumigation and disinfection, comprising the following steps:

[0008] After soil fumigation, nitrogen fertilizer was applied; 1 / 8 of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer was used as base fertilizer, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizer was applied in 4 equal amounts;

[0009] The total amount of the base fertilizer and topdressing is 32-40 kg / mu; the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50-100:0-50; the masses of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer are not equal.

[0010] Preferably, the fumigant used for soil fumigation includes one or more of chloropicrin, dazomet, metamethylenetetramine, dimethyl disulfide, horseradish and ethionol.

[0011] Preferably, when the soil fumigant is chloropicrin or ethyl allicin, the dosage of the chloropicrin or ethyl allicin is 20-30 g / m 2 The mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50-70:30-50; or the amount of chloropicrin or ethionine is 40-60 g / m 2 , the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 80-100:0-20;

[0012] When the soil fumigant is dazomethon, metamethylenetetramine, dimethyl disulfide or horseradish, the dosage of the dazomethon, metamethylenetetramine, dimethyl disulfide or horseradish is 40 g / m 2 The mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50-70:30-50; or the amount of dazomet, metamethylenetetramine, dimethyl disulfide or horseradish is 60-80 g / m 2 , the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 80-100:0-20;

[0013] When the soil fumigant is chloropicrin and dimethyl disulfide, the amount of dimethyl disulfide used is 60g / m 2 The dosage of chloropicrin is 30g / m 2 The mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50-70:30-50; or the amount of dimethyl disulfide is 60g / m 2 The dosage of chloropicrin is 40g / m 2 The mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 80-100:0-20.

[0014] Preferably, when the soil fumigant is chloropicrin or ethyl allicin, the dosage of the chloropicrin or ethyl allicin is 20-30 g / m 2 The mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 70:30; or the amount of chloropicrin or ethionine is 40-60 g / m 2 , the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 90:10;

[0015] When the soil fumigant is dazomethon, metamethylenetetramine, dimethyl disulfide or horseradish, the dosage of the dazomethon, metamethylenetetramine, dimethyl disulfide or horseradish is 40 g / m 2 The mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 70:30; or the amount of dazomethane, metamethylenetetramine, dimethyl disulfide or horseradish is 60-80 g / m 2, the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 90:10;

[0016] When the soil fumigant is chloropicrin and dimethyl disulfide, the amount of dimethyl disulfide used is 60g / m 2 The dosage of chloropicrin is 30g / m 2 The mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 70:30; or the amount of dimethyl disulfide is 60g / m 2 The dosage of chloropicrin is 40g / m 2 The mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 90:10.

[0017] Preferably, when the crops need to be transplanted, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the middle of each month one month after the crops are transplanted;

[0018] When the crops do not need to be transplanted, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the middle of each month one month after the crops emerge.

[0019] Preferably, the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer includes ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium chloride.

[0020] Preferably, the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer includes sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate or potassium nitrate.

[0021] The present invention provides the application of the nitrogen fertilizer application strategy described in the above technical solution in improving soil fertility structure and / or increasing crop yield.

[0022] Preferably, the soil comprises fluvo-aquic soil, sandy loam or red soil.

[0023] Preferably, the crops include tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, yams, ginger or strawberries.

[0024] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a nitrogen fertilizer application strategy based on soil fumigation and disinfection, comprising the following steps: after soil fumigation, nitrogen fertilizer is applied as one base fertilizer and four topdressings; 1 / 8 of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied as four equal topdressings; the total amount of the base fertilizer and topdressing is 32 to 40 kg per mu; the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50 to 100:0 to 50; the masses of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer are not equal. Compared with conventional nitrogen fertilizer application, the nitrogen fertilizer application strategy of the present invention adjusts the application form of nitrogen fertilizer and the ammonium-nitrate ratio in the nitrogen fertilizer, increases the content of available nitrogen in the soil, especially ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, can ensure the supply of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the later stage of crop growth, and promotes the absorption of nitrogen by crops. Compared with conventional nitrogen fertilizer application schemes, crop yields increased by more than 14%; and the present invention reduces the amount of nitrate nitrogen used and increases the amount of cheaper ammonium nitrogen. It can be seen that the method of the present invention can achieve the effect of increasing production while reducing the input cost of nitrogen fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, the fertilizers, chemicals and equipment used in the present invention are all purchased by those skilled in the art.

[0026] The present invention provides a nitrogen fertilizer application strategy based on soil fumigation and disinfection, comprising the following steps:

[0027] After soil fumigation, nitrogen fertilizer is applied; 1 / 8 of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in four equal portions as topdressing; the total amount of the base fertilizer and topdressing is 32 to 40 kg per mu; the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50 to 100:0 to 50; and the mass of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer are unequal. The nitrogen fertilizer application strategy based on soil fumigation disinfection described in the present invention is also referred to as an optimized nitrogen fertilizer application strategy after soil fumigation disinfection.

[0028] In the present invention, the fumigant used for soil fumigation preferably includes one or more of chloropicrin, dazomethon, metamethylenetetramine, dimethyl disulfide, horseradish, and ethyl allicin, and more preferably includes one of chloropicrin, dazomethon, metamethylenetetramine, dimethyl disulfide, horseradish, and ethyl allicin; the horseradish is also known as allyl isothiocyanate. In the present invention, the fumigant is preferably applied by injection, self-propelled integrated machine application, or drip irrigation; when the fumigant is chloropicrin or dimethyl disulfide, the application method is preferably injection; when the fumigant is dazomethon, the application method is preferably self-propelled integrated machine application; when the fumigant is metamethylenetetramine, horseradish, or ethyl allicin, the application method is preferably drip irrigation.

[0029] After the soil is fumigated and before nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the present invention preferably further includes removing the film and exposing the soil to air for two weeks to completely dissipate the fumigant remaining in the soil and avoid affecting the growth of crops.

[0030] After the film is removed and air is exposed for two weeks, the present invention applies nitrogen fertilizer. In the present invention, 1 / 8 of the mass of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in four equal amounts. Preferably, 1 / 8 of the mass of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in four equal amounts during the crop growth period. The total amount of the base fertilizer and the topdressing is 32-40 kg / mu. The mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50-100:0-50, preferably 50-70:30-50 or 80-100:0-20, and more preferably 70:30 or 90:10. The masses of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer are unequal. In the present invention, the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably 50% to 100%, further preferably 50% to 70% or 80% to 100%, more preferably 70% or 90%; the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably 0% to 50%, further preferably 30% to 50% or 0% to 20%, more preferably 30% or 10%. In the present invention, the mass of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is preferably calculated as the mass of nitrogen fertilizer containing ammonium nitrogen, and the mass of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is preferably calculated as the mass of nitrogen fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen.

[0031] In the present invention, the basal fertilizer is preferably applied one day before crop planting or one day before crop seed sowing; the plants preferably include tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, yams, ginger, or strawberries. In the present invention, the basal fertilizer is preferably applied in an amount of 4-5 kg / mu; the total amount of the basal fertilizer and topdressing is 32-40 kg / mu, preferably 32 kg / mu or 40 kg / mu.

[0032] In the present invention, when the crops need to be transplanted, the application period of the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is preferably mid-month after transplanting; when the crops do not need to be transplanted, the application period of the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is preferably mid-month after emergence. In the present invention, the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer preferably includes ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, or ammonium chloride, more preferably ammonium sulfate; the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer preferably includes sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, or potassium nitrate, more preferably calcium nitrate.

[0033] When the fumigant is one of chloropicrin, dazomethon, metamethylenetetramine, dimethyl disulfide, horseradish and ethionol, the present invention preferably adjusts the ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer according to the dosage of the fumigant. Specifically:

[0034] When the fumigant is used at a low dose, the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably 50-70:30-50, more preferably 70:30; the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is preferably 32-40 kg / mu, more preferably 40 kg / mu. In the present invention, the low dose of chloropicrin or ethionine is preferably 20-30 g / m 2 , preferably 20g / m 2or 30g / m 2 More preferably, the amount of chloropicrin is 20 g / m 2 The dosage of ethoxylated is 30g / m 2 The low dose of dazomet, metamethylenetetramine, dimethyl disulfide or horseradish is preferably 40g / m 2 .

[0035] When the fumigant is used at a high dose, the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably 80-100:0-20, more preferably 90:10; the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is preferably 32-40 kg / mu, more preferably 32 kg / mu. In the present invention, the high dose of chloropicrin or ethionine is preferably 40-60 g / m 2 , preferably 40g / m 2 or 60g / m 2 More preferably, the amount of chloropicrin is 40 g / m 2 The dosage of ethyl allicin is 60g / m 2 The dosage of dazomet, metamethylenetetramine, dimethyl disulfide or horseradish is preferably 60 to 80 g / m 2 , preferably 60g / m 2 or 80g / m 2 More preferably, the dosage of dazomet is 60 g / m 2 The dosage of Weibaimu is 80g / m 2 The dosage of horseradish is 80g / m 2 , the dosage of dimethyl disulfide is 80g / m 2 .

[0036] When the fumigant is a mixture of chloropicrin and dimethyl disulfide, the amount of dimethyl disulfide used is preferably 60g / m 2 The amount of chloropicrin used is preferably 30 to 40 g / m 2 The present invention preferably adjusts the ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in nitrogen fertilizer according to the dosage of fumigant. Specifically:

[0037] When the amount of dimethyl disulfide is 60g / m 2 The dosage of chloropicrin is 30g / m 2 When the crop is grown, 1 / 8 of the mass of the nitrogen fertilizer of the present invention is used as base fertilizer, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in four equal amounts. Preferably, 1 / 8 of the mass of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in four equal amounts during the crop growth period. The total amount of the base fertilizer and the topdressing is 40 kg / mu. The mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50-70:30-50, more preferably 70:30.

[0038] When the amount of dimethyl disulfide is 60g / m 2 The dosage of chloropicrin is 40g / m2 When the crop is grown, 1 / 8 of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in four equal amounts. Preferably, 1 / 8 of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in four equal amounts during the crop growth period. The total amount of the base fertilizer and the topdressing is 32 kg / mu. The mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 80-100:0-20, and more preferably 90:10.

[0039] Due to the recovery of nitrifying microorganisms in the later stage of soil fumigation, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is quickly nitrified into nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and gaseous nitrogen. The rational nitrogen application strategy of the present invention after soil fumigation (i.e., adjusting the ammonium nitrate ratio of nitrogen fertilizer) has a direct decisive effect on promoting soil nitrogen conversion and improving the nitrogen supply level in the rhizosphere. Specifically, after soil fumigation, the present invention uses nitrogen fertilizer with a specific ammonium nitrate ratio as base fertilizer before crop planting, and uses nitrogen fertilizer with a specific ammonium nitrate ratio as topdressing during the crop growth period. It can timely supplement ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to help crop nitrogen absorption and utilization, promote crop growth and increase yield. The results of the specific embodiments of the present invention show that the crop yield increased by more than 14% using the nitrogen fertilizer application strategy of the present invention.

[0040] The present invention provides the application of the nitrogen fertilizer application strategy described in the above technical solution to improve soil fertility structure and / or increase crop yield. In the present invention, the soil preferably includes fluvo-aquic soil, sandy loam, or red soil; the fluvo-aquic soil is preferably alkaline fluvo-aquic soil in northern China; the red soil is preferably acidic red soil in southern China; and the crops preferably include tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, yams, ginger, or strawberries, more preferably tomatoes, cucumbers, or peppers.

[0041] To further illustrate the present invention, the nitrogen fertilizer application strategy based on soil fumigation and disinfection provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] Before planting tomatoes, the soil was disinfected (May 21, 2021) and thoroughly tilled. The soil type was sandy loam, and the soil physical and chemical indicators were as follows: pH 7.8, organic matter 32.0 g / kg, ammonium nitrogen 3.2 mg / kg, nitrate nitrogen 53.6 mg / kg, available potassium 1069 mg / kg, and available phosphorus 578 mg / kg. The experimental area for each treatment was 4 m*6 m=24 m. 2 Chloropicrin was applied by injection, which was based on the NY / T2725-2015 Technical Specification for Soil Disinfection with Chloropicrin. Four treatments were set up, namely, 20 g / m 2 Treatment + optimized nitrogen application, chloropicrin 40g / m 2 Treatment + optimized nitrogen application, chloropicrin 20g / m 2Control treatment and chloropicrin 40g / m 2 control treatment;

[0044] Chloropicrin 20g / m 2 + The specific steps of optimizing nitrogen application are: injection application, the dosage of chloropicrin is 20g / m 2 , After the application of pesticides, immediately seal and fumigate with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is opened to the air for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 40kg / mu (conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage in the field), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 70%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 30% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 70:30), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate, respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 5kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is applied to the soil one day before transplanting and then fully mixed with a rotary tiller. The seedlings are transplanted on August 13, 2021. One month after the tomato seedlings are transplanted, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the middle of each month and covered with soil 4 times on average, that is, 8.75kg nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the middle of each month;

[0045] Chloropicrin 20g / m 2 Specific steps of control treatment: with 20g / m 2 The specific steps of the optimized nitrogen fertilization treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50);

[0046] Chloropicrin 40g / m 2 + The specific steps of optimizing nitrogen application are: injection application, the dosage of chloropicrin is 40g / m 2 After the application of pesticides, the plants were immediately sealed with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04 mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) and fumigated for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is removed and air is opened for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 32kg / mu (80% of the conventional nitrogen fertilizer amount), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 90%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 10% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 90:10), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate, respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 4kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is applied to the soil one day before transplanting and then fully mixed with a rotary tiller. The seedlings are transplanted on August 13, 2021. One month after the tomato seedlings are transplanted, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrows 4 times on average and then covered with soil in the middle of each month, that is, 7kg nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrows in the middle of each month;

[0047] Chloropicrin 40g / m 2 Specific steps of control treatment: with 40g / m 2 The specific steps of the treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50).

[0048] Chloropicrin 20g / m 2 Treatment + optimized nitrogen application, chloropicrin 40g / m 2 Treatment + optimized nitrogen application, chloropicrin 20g / m 2 Control treatment and chloropicrin 40g / m 2 The other fertilizers and water in the four control treatments can be managed as normal.

[0049] Chloropicrin 20g / m was measured during the tomato growth period (October 7, 2021) 2 Treatment + optimized nitrogen application, chloropicrin 40g / m 2 Treatment + optimized nitrogen application, chloropicrin 20g / m 2 Control treatment and chloropicrin 40g / m 2 The plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content and total nitrogen of the four treatments were measured in the control treatment. Ten plants were surveyed in each treatment. The chlorophyll content was determined by a chlorophyll meter, and the total nitrogen was determined by elemental analysis. The tomato yield was monitored from the picking period to the vineyard pulling period (November 12, 2021 to December 25, 2021). The survey results are shown in Table 1.

[0050] Table 1 Optimized nitrogen application strategy after chloropicrin fumigation

[0051]

[0052] Note: The output in Table 1 is the total output from November 12, 2021 to December 25, 2021.

[0053] As shown in Table 1, 20 g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment and chloropicrin 20g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment (conventional fertilization), the total nitrogen content of tomatoes increased by 35.4%, and the yield of tomatoes increased by 20.2%. 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment and chloropicrin 40g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment (conventional nitrogen application), the total nitrogen content of the plants increased by 25.7% and the tomato yield increased by 20.9%.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] Before planting tomatoes, the soil was disinfected (May 21, 2021) and thoroughly tilled. The soil type was sandy loam, and the soil physical and chemical indicators were as follows: pH 7.8, organic matter 32.0 g / kg, ammonium nitrogen 3.2 mg / kg, nitrate nitrogen 53.6 mg / kg, available potassium 1069 mg / kg, and available phosphorus 578 mg / kg. The experimental area for each treatment was 4 m*6 m=24 m. 2 Dazomethane was applied using an integrated machine. The method of application was based on the "NY / T 3129-2017 Technical Specification for Dazomethane Soil Disinfection". Four treatments were set, namely, 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dazomethane 60g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dazomethane 40g / m 2 Control treatment and dazomethane 60g / m 2 control treatment;

[0056] Dazomethane 40g / m 2 + The specific steps for optimizing nitrogen application are: using an integrated machine to apply dazomethan at a dosage of 40g / m 2 , after the application of pesticides is completed, immediately seal and fumigate with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is opened to the air for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 40kg / mu (conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 70%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 30% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 70:30), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 5kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is applied to the soil one day before transplanting and then fully mixed with a rotary tiller. The seedlings are transplanted on August 13, 2021. One month after transplanting, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow 4 times on average and then covered with soil in the middle of each month, that is, 8.75kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow in the middle of each month;

[0057] Dazomethane 40g / m 2 Specific steps of control treatment: with 40g / m 2 +The specific steps of the optimized nitrogen application treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50).

[0058] Dazomethane 60g / m 2 + The specific steps for optimizing nitrogen application are: using an integrated machine to apply dazomethan at a dosage of 60g / m 2, after the application of pesticides is completed, immediately seal and fumigate with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is opened to the air for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 32kg / mu (80% of the conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 90%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 10% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 90:10), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 4kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is applied to the soil one day before transplanting and then fully mixed with a rotary tiller. The seedlings are transplanted on August 13, 2021. One month after transplanting, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow 4 times on average in the middle of each month and then covered with soil, that is, 7kg nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow in the middle of each month;

[0059] Dazomethane 60g / m 2 Specific steps of control treatment: with 60g / m 2 +The specific steps of the optimized nitrogen application treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50).

[0060] Dazomethane 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dazomethane 60g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dazomethane 40g / m 2 Control treatment and dazomethane 60g / m 2 The other fertilizers and water in the four control treatments can be managed as normal.

[0061] Dazomethane 40g / m was measured during the tomato growth period (October 7, 2021) 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dazomethane 60g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dazomethane 40g / m 2 Control treatment and dazomethane 60g / m 2 The plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content and total nitrogen of the four treatments were compared with those of the control treatment. Ten plants were surveyed in each treatment, and tomato yield was monitored from the picking period to the vine pulling period (November 12, 2021 to December 25, 2021). The survey results are shown in Table 2.

[0062] Table 2 Optimized nitrogen application strategy after dazomethan fumigation

[0063]

[0064] Note: The output in Table 2 is the total output from November 12, 2021 to December 25, 2021.

[0065] From the data in Table 2, we can see that 40g / m 2+Optimized nitrogen treatment and dazomet 40g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment, the total nitrogen content of tomatoes increased by 18.5%, and the yield of tomatoes increased by 15.2%; Dazomethane 60g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment and dazomethane 60g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment, the total nitrogen content of tomatoes was 17.2% and the tomato yield increased by 16.5%.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] The soil was disinfected before cucumber planting (May 21, 2021). After the soil was fully tilled, the soil type was sandy loam. The soil physical and chemical indicators were as follows: pH 8.1, organic matter 25.0 g / kg, ammonium nitrogen 6.2 mg / kg, nitrate nitrogen 43.6 mg / kg, available potassium 669 mg / kg, available phosphorus 878 mg / kg. The experimental area of ​​each treatment was 4 m*6 m=24 m 2 Weibamu was sprayed with drip irrigation, and with reference to the "T / CCPIA055-2020 Technical Regulations for Soil Disinfection of Weibamu", four treatments were set up, namely, Weibamu 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, Weibaimu 80g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, Weibaimu 40g / m 2 Control treatment and Weibaimu 80g / m 2 control treatment;

[0068] Weibaimu 40g / m 2 +Optimize the specific steps of nitrogen treatment: use drip irrigation to apply the pesticide, and the dosage of Weibaimu is 40g / m 2 , after the application of pesticides is completed, immediately seal and fumigate with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is opened to the air for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 40kg / mu (conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 70%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 30% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 70:30), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 5kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is evenly applied to the soil through a rotary tiller the day before cucumber transplanting (August 20, 2021), and the cucumber seedlings are transplanted on August 21, 2021. One month after transplanting, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow 4 times on average and then covered with soil in the middle of each month, that is, 8.75kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow in the middle of each month;

[0069] Weibaimu 40g / m 2 The specific steps of control treatment: with 40g / m 2+ The specific steps of the optimized nitrogen fertilization treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50);

[0070] Weibaimu 80g / m 2 +Optimize the specific steps of nitrogen treatment: use drip irrigation, the dosage of Weibaimu is 80g / m 2 , after the application of pesticides, immediately seal and fumigate with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is removed and air is opened for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 32kg / mu (80% of the conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 90%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 10% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 90:10), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are calcium sulfate and calcium nitrate, respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 4kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is evenly applied to the soil through a rotary tiller the day before cucumber transplanting (August 20, 2021), and the cucumber seedlings are transplanted on August 21, 2021. One month after transplanting, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow 4 times on average and then covered with soil in the middle of each month, that is, 7kg nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow in the middle of each month;

[0071] Weibaimu 80g / m 2 The specific steps of control treatment: with 80g / m 2 +The specific steps of the optimized nitrogen treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50).

[0072] Weibaimu 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, Weibaimu 80g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, Weibaimu 40g / m 2 Control treatment and Weibaimu 80g / m 2 Other fertilizers and water in the control treatment can be managed normally.

[0073] During the cucumber growth period (October 11, 2021), the concentration of Weibaimu was 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, Weibaimu 80g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, Weibaimu 40g / m 2 Control treatment and Weibaimu 80g / m 2The plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content and total nitrogen of the four treatments were investigated in the control treatment. Ten plants were surveyed in each treatment, and the cucumber yield was monitored from the picking period to the vineyard pulling period (November 3, 2021 to December 14, 2021). The survey results are shown in Table 3.

[0074] Table 3 Optimized nitrogen application strategy after Weibaimu fumigation

[0075]

[0076] Note: The output in Table 3 is the total output from November 3, 2021 to December 14, 2021.

[0077] From the data in Table 3, we know that 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment and Weibaimu 40g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment, the total nitrogen content of cucumber increased by 24.1%, and the yield of cucumber increased by 14.9%; Weibaimu 80g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment and Weibaimu 80g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment, the total nitrogen content increased by 17.2% and the cucumber yield increased by 20.0%.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] The soil was disinfected before cucumber planting (May 21, 2021). After the soil was fully tilled, the soil type was sandy loam. The soil physical and chemical indicators were as follows: pH 8.1, organic matter 25.0 g / kg, ammonium nitrogen 6.2 mg / kg, nitrate nitrogen 43.6 mg / kg, available potassium 669 mg / kg, available phosphorus 878 mg / kg. The experimental area of ​​each treatment was 4 m*6 m=24 m 2 Dimethyl disulfide was applied by injection, and four treatments were set up, namely dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 Control treatment and dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 control treatment;

[0080] Dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 + The specific steps of optimizing nitrogen application are: injection application, the dosage of dimethyl disulfide is 40g / m 2, after the application of pesticides is completed, immediately seal and fumigate with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is opened to the air for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 40kg / mu (conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 70%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 30% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 70:30), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 5kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is evenly applied to the soil through a rotary tiller the day before cucumber transplanting (August 20, 2021), and the cucumber seedlings are transplanted on August 21, 2021. One month after transplanting, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow 4 times on average and then covered with soil in the middle of each month, that is, 8.75kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow in the middle of each month;

[0081] Dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 Specific steps of control treatment: with dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 The specific steps of the optimized nitrogen fertilization treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50);

[0082] Dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 + The specific steps of optimizing nitrogen application are: using injection method to apply pesticides, the dosage of dimethyl disulfide is 80g / m 2 , after the application of pesticides, immediately seal and fumigate with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is removed and air is opened for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 32kg / mu (80% of the conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 90%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 10% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 90:10), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate, respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 4kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is evenly applied to the soil through a rotary tiller the day before cucumber transplanting (August 20, 2021), and the cucumber seedlings are transplanted on August 21, 2021. One month after transplanting, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow 4 times on average and then covered with soil in the middle of each month, that is, 7kg nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow in the middle of each month;

[0083] Dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 Specific steps of control treatment: with dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 +The specific steps of the optimized nitrogen application treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50).

[0084] Dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 Control treatment and dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 The other fertilizers and water in the four control treatments can be managed as normal.

[0085] During the cucumber growth period (October 11, 2021), dimethyl disulfide was measured at 40 g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 The plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content and total nitrogen and other indicators of the four treatments were investigated, including the control treatment and the dimethyl disulfide 80g / m2 control treatment. Ten plants were surveyed in each treatment, and the cucumber yield was monitored from the picking period to the vineyard pulling period (November 3, 2021 to December 14, 2021). The survey results are shown in Table 4.

[0086] Table 4 Optimized nitrogen application strategy after dimethyl disulfide fumigation

[0087]

[0088] Note: The output in Table 4 is the total output from November 3, 2021 to December 14, 2021.

[0089] As shown in Table 4, dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment and dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment, the total nitrogen content of cucumber increased by 20.6%, and the yield of cucumber increased by 18.5%; dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment and dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment, the total nitrogen content increased by 16.3% and the cucumber yield increased by 16.9%.

[0090] Example 5

[0091] Before pepper planting, the soil was disinfected (March 5, 2022) and thoroughly tilled. The soil type was red soil, and the soil physical and chemical indicators were as follows: pH 4.3, organic matter 24.5g / kg, ammonium nitrogen 22.2mg / kg, nitrate nitrogen 28.6mg / kg, available potassium 469mg / kg, available phosphorus 578mg / kg. The experimental area for each treatment was 4m*6m=24m 2 Horseradish was applied by drip irrigation, with four treatments: horseradish 40 g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, horseradish extract 80g / m2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, horseradish 40g / m 2 Control treatment and horseradish 80g / m 2 control treatment;

[0092] Horseradish extract 40g / m 2 + The specific steps of optimizing nitrogen application are: using drip irrigation method to apply pesticides, the dosage of horseradish is 40g / m 2 , after the application of pesticides is completed, immediately seal and fumigate with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is opened to the air for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 40kg / mu (conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 70%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 30% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 70:30), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 5kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is evenly applied to the soil through a rotary tiller the day before the peppers are transplanted (April 12, 2022), and the pepper seedlings are transplanted on April 13, 2022. One month after transplanting, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrows 4 times on average and then covered with soil in the middle of each month, that is, 8.75kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrows in the middle of each month;

[0093] Horseradish extract 40g / m 2 Specific steps of control treatment: with horseradish 40g / m 2 The specific steps of the optimized nitrogen fertilization treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50);

[0094] Horseradish extract 80g / m 2 + The specific steps of optimizing nitrogen application are: using drip irrigation method to apply pesticides, the dosage of horseradish is 80g / m 2 , After the application of pesticides is completed, immediately seal and fumigate with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is opened to the air for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 32kg / mu (80% of the conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 90%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 10% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 90:10), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 4kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is evenly applied to the soil through a rotary tiller one day before transplanting peppers (April 12, 2022), and the pepper seedlings are transplanted on April 13, 2022. One month after transplanting, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrows 4 times on average and then covered with soil in the middle of each month, that is, 7kg nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrows in the middle of each month;

[0095] Horseradish extract 80g / m 2 Specific steps of control treatment: with horseradish 80g / m 2 +The specific steps of the optimized nitrogen application treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50).

[0096] Horseradish extract 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, horseradish extract 80g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, horseradish 40g / m 2 Control treatment and horseradish 80g / m 2 The other fertilizers and water in the four control treatments can be managed as normal.

[0097] Horseradish content was measured at 40 g / m during the pepper growth period (June 15, 2022). 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, horseradish extract 80g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, horseradish 40g / m 2 Control treatment and horseradish 80g / m 2 The plant height, fruit stem, chlorophyll content and total nitrogen of the four treatments were compared with those of the control treatment. Ten plants were surveyed in each treatment, and the pepper yield was monitored from the picking period to the vine pulling period (July 24, 2022 to September 14, 2022). The survey results are shown in Table 5.

[0098] Table 5 Optimized nitrogen application strategy after horseradish fumigation

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] Note: The output in Table 5 is the total output from July 24, 2022 to September 14, 2022.

[0102] As shown in Table 5, horseradish 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment and horseradish 40g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment, the total nitrogen content of pepper increased by 18.2%, and the pepper yield increased by 19.3%; horseradish 80g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment and horseradish extract 80g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment, the total nitrogen content increased by 23.8% and the pepper yield increased by 25.7%.

[0103] Example 6

[0104] Before pepper planting, the soil was disinfected (March 5, 2022) and thoroughly tilled. The soil type was red soil, and the soil physical and chemical indicators were as follows: pH 4.3, organic matter 24.5g / kg, ammonium nitrogen 22.2mg / kg, nitrate nitrogen 28.6mg / kg, available potassium 469mg / kg, available phosphorus 578mg / kg. The experimental area for each treatment was 4m*6m=24m 2 Ethylalicin was applied by drip irrigation, and four treatments were set up, namely, 30 g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, ethyl allicin 60g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, ethyl allicin 30g / m 2 Control treatment and ethyl allicin 60g / m 2 control treatment;

[0105] Ethylalicin 30g / m 2 + The specific steps of optimizing nitrogen application treatment are: using drip irrigation method to apply pesticides, the dosage of ethyl allicin is 40g / m 2 , After the application of pesticides is completed, immediately seal and fumigate with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is opened to the air for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 40kg / mu (conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 70%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 30% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 70:30), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 5kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is evenly applied to the soil through a rotary tiller one day before transplanting peppers (April 12, 2022), and the pepper seedlings are transplanted on April 13, 2022. One month after transplanting, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrows 4 times on average and then covered with soil in the middle of each month, that is, 8.75kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrows in the middle of each month;

[0106] Ethylalicin 30g / m 2 Specific steps of control treatment: with 30g / m 2 The specific steps of the optimized nitrogen fertilization treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50);

[0107] Ethylalicin 60g / m 2 + The specific steps of optimizing nitrogen application treatment are: drip irrigation is used for application, and the dosage of ethyl allicin is 60g / m 2, after the application of pesticides is completed, immediately seal and fumigate with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is opened to the air for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 32kg / mu (80% of the conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 90%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 10% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 90:10), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 4kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is evenly applied to the soil through a rotary tiller the day before transplanting peppers (April 12, 2022), and the pepper seedlings are transplanted on April 13, 2022. One month after transplanting, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrows 4 times on average and then covered with soil in the middle of each month, that is, 7kg nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrows in the middle of each month;

[0108] Ethylalicin 60g / m 2 Specific steps of control treatment: with ethyl allicin 60g / m 2 +The specific steps of the optimized nitrogen application treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50).

[0109] Ethylalicin 30g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, ethyl allicin 60g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, ethyl allicin 30g / m 2 Control treatment and ethyl allicin 60g / m 2 The other fertilizers and water in the four control treatments can be managed as normal.

[0110] Determination of 30g / m2 of ethyl allicin in pepper during its growth period (June 15, 2022) 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, ethyl allicin 60g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, ethyl allicin 30g / m 2 Control treatment and ethyl allicin 60g / m 2 The plant height, fruit stem, chlorophyll content and total nitrogen of the four treatments were compared with those of the control treatment. Ten plants were surveyed in each treatment, and the pepper yield was monitored from the picking period to the vine pulling period (July 24, 2022 to September 14, 2022). The survey results are shown in Table 6.

[0111] Table 6 Optimized nitrogen application strategy after ethyl allicin fumigation

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] Note: The output in Table 5 is the total output from July 24, 2022 to September 14, 2022.

[0115] As shown in Table 6, 30 g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment and ethyl allicin 30g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment, the total nitrogen content of pepper increased by 14.3%, and the pepper yield increased by 14.3%; 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment and ethyl allicin 60g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment, the total nitrogen content increased by 17.2% and the pepper yield increased by 17.2%.

[0116] Example 7

[0117] Before planting yam, the soil was disinfected (December 5, 2021) and thoroughly tilled. The soil type was red soil, and the soil physical and chemical indicators were as follows: pH 5.3, organic matter 14.5g / kg, ammonium nitrogen 12.2mg / kg, nitrate nitrogen 38.6mg / kg, available potassium 669mg / kg, available phosphorus 478mg / kg. The experimental area for each treatment was 4m*6m=24m 2 Dimethyl disulfide was applied by annotation method, and 4 treatments were set up, namely dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 Control treatment and dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 control treatment;

[0118] Dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 + The specific steps of optimizing nitrogen application are: using the annotation method to apply the pesticide, the dosage of dimethyl disulfide is 40g / m 2 , after the application of pesticides is completed, immediately seal and fumigate with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is opened to the air for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 40kg / mu (conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 70%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 30% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 70:30), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 5kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is evenly applied to the soil through a rotary tiller one day before yam sowing (April 12, 2022), and yam sowing is carried out on April 13, 2022. One month after the seedlings emerge, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrows 4 times on average and then covered with soil in the middle of each month, that is, 8.75kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrows in the middle of each month;

[0119] Dimethyl disulfide 40g / m2 Specific steps of control treatment: with dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 The specific steps of the optimized nitrogen fertilization treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50);

[0120] Dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 + The specific steps of optimizing nitrogen application treatment are: using the annotation method to apply the pesticide, the dosage of dimethyl disulfide is 80g / m 2 , after the application of pesticides is completed, immediately seal and fumigate with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is opened to the air for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 32kg / mu (80% of the conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 90%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 10% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 90:10), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 4kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is evenly applied to the soil through a rotary tiller one day before the sowing of yam (April 12, 2022), and sowing is carried out on April 13, 2022. One month after transplanting, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow 4 times on average and then covered with soil in the middle of each month, that is, 7kg nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow in the middle of each month;

[0121] Dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 Specific steps of control treatment: with dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 +The specific steps of the optimized nitrogen application treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50).

[0122] Dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 Control treatment and dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 Other fertilizers and water in the control treatment can be managed normally.

[0123] During the growth period of yam (June 15, 2022), dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 Control treatment and dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2The plant height, fruit stem, chlorophyll content and other indicators of the four treatments were compared with those of the control treatment. Ten plants were surveyed in each treatment, and the commercial potato yield was monitored during the vine pulling period (October 24, 2022). The survey results are shown in Table 7.

[0124] Table 7 Optimized nitrogen application strategy after dimethyl disulfide fumigation

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] As shown in Table 7, dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment and dimethyl disulfide 40g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment, the yield of yam increased by 21.04%; dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment and dimethyl disulfide 80g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment, the yield of yam increased by 21.57%.

[0128] Example 8

[0129] Before planting yam, the soil was disinfected (December 5, 2021) and thoroughly tilled. The soil type was red soil, and the soil physical and chemical indicators were as follows: pH 5.3, organic matter 14.5g / kg, ammonium nitrogen 12.2mg / kg, nitrate nitrogen 38.6mg / kg, available potassium 669mg / kg, available phosphorus 478mg / kg. The experimental area for each treatment was 4m*6m=24m 2 Dimethyl disulfide was applied by injection method, and two treatments were set up, namely 30g / m 2 +Dimethyl disulfide 60g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, chloropicrin 40g / m 2 +Dimethyl disulfide 60g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment, chloropicrin 30g / m 2 +Dimethyl disulfide 60g / m 2 Control treatment and chloropicrin 40g / m 2 +Dimethyl disulfide 60g / m 2 control treatment;

[0130] Chloropicrin 30g / m 2 +Dimethyl disulfide 60g / m 2 + The specific steps for optimizing nitrogen application are: using the annotation method to apply the pesticide, the dosage of chloropicrin is 30g / m 2 , the dosage of dimethyl disulfide is 60g / m 2, after the application of pesticides is completed, immediately seal and fumigate with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is opened to the air for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 40kg / mu (conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 70%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 30% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 70:30), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 5kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is evenly applied to the soil through a rotary tiller one day before yam sowing (April 12, 2022), and yam sowing is carried out on April 13, 2022. One month after the seedlings emerge, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrows 4 times on average and then covered with soil in the middle of each month, that is, 8.75kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrows in the middle of each month;

[0131] Chloropicrin 30g / m 2 +Dimethyl disulfide 60g / m 2 Specific steps of control treatment: 30g / m 2 +Dimethyl disulfide 60g / m 2 The specific steps of the optimized nitrogen fertilization treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50);

[0132] Chloropicrin 40g / m 2 +Dimethyl disulfide 60g / m 2 + The specific steps for optimizing nitrogen application are: using the annotation method to apply the pesticide, the dosage of chloropicrin is 30g / m 2 , the dosage of dimethyl disulfide is 60g / m 2 , after the application of pesticides is completed, immediately seal and fumigate with a completely impermeable membrane (0.04mm, Shandong Shouguang Longxing Agricultural Film Co., Ltd.) for 15 days. After the fumigation is completed, the film is opened to the air for 2 weeks; the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is set to 32kg / mu (80% of the conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage), the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 90%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 10% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 90:10), of which ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate respectively. Based on 1 mu of land, 4kg nitrogen fertilizer (1 / 8 of the mass of nitrogen fertilizer) is used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is evenly applied to the soil through a rotary tiller one day before the sowing of yam (April 12, 2022), and sowing is carried out on April 13, 2022. One month after transplanting, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow 4 times on average and then covered with soil in the middle of each month, that is, 7kg nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the furrow in the middle of each month;

[0133] Chloropicrin 30g / m 2 +Dimethyl disulfide 60g / m 2Specific steps of control treatment: 30g / m 2 +Dimethyl disulfide 60g / m 2 +The specific steps of the optimized nitrogen application treatment are the same, except that the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%, and the mass percentage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50% (the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 50:50).

[0134] Other fertilizer and water management can be carried out according to normal conditions. During the yam growing period (June 15, 2022), the plant height, fruit stem, chlorophyll content and other indicators of the four treatments were measured. Ten plants were surveyed in each treatment. During the vine pulling period (October 24, 2022), the commercial potato yield was monitored. The survey results are shown in Table 8.

[0135] Table 8 Optimized nitrogen application strategy after dimethyl disulfide and chloropicrin fumigation

[0136]

[0137]

[0138] As shown in Table 8, dimethyl disulfide 60g / m 2 +Chloropicrin 30g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment and dimethyl disulfide 60g / m 2 +Chloropicrin 30g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment, the yield of yam increased by 26.07%; dimethyl disulfide 60g / m 2 +Chloropicrin 40g / m 2 +Optimized nitrogen treatment and dimethyl disulfide 60g / m 2 +Chloropicrin 40g / m 2 Compared with the control treatment, the yield of yam increased by 28.65%.

[0139] In summary, the nitrogen fertilizer application strategy described in the present invention adjusts the application form of nitrogen fertilizer and the ammonium-nitrate ratio in nitrogen fertilizer compared to conventional nitrogen fertilizer application, increasing the content of available nitrogen in the soil, especially ammonium nitrogen fertilizer. This ensures the supply of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the later stages of crop growth and promotes nitrogen absorption by crops. Compared with conventional nitrogen fertilizer application schemes, crop yields increased by more than 14.9%. This shows that the present invention achieves a yield-increasing effect by adopting an optimized nitrogen fertilizer application strategy after fumigation disinfection.

[0140] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A nitrogen fertilizer application strategy based on soil fumigation and disinfection, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: After soil fumigation, nitrogen fertilizer was applied; 1 / 8 of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer was used as base fertilizer, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizer was applied in 4 equal amounts; The total amount of base fertilizer and topdressing is 32-40 kg / mu; The soil fumigation adopts soil fumigant; When the soil fumigant is chloropicrin or ethyl allicin, the dosage of the chloropicrin or ethyl allicin is 20-30 g / m 2 The mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 70:30; or the amount of chloropicrin or ethionine is 40~60g / m 2 , the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 90:10; When the soil fumigant is dazomethon, metamethylenetetramine, dimethyl disulfide or horseradish, the dosage of the dazomethon, metamethylenetetramine, dimethyl disulfide or horseradish is 40 g / m 2 The mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 70:30; or the amount of dazomet, metamethylenetetramine, dimethyl disulfide or horseradish is 60~80g / m 2 , the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 90:10; When the soil fumigant is chloropicrin and dimethyl disulfide, the amount of dimethyl disulfide used is 60g / m 2 The dosage of chloropicrin is 30g / m 2 The mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 70:30; or the amount of dimethyl disulfide is 60g / m 2 The dosage of chloropicrin is 40g / m 2 , the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 90:10; When the crops planted in the soil need to be transplanted, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the middle of each month one month after the crops are transplanted; When the crops planted in the soil do not need to be transplanted, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the middle of each month one month after the crops emerge.

2. The nitrogen fertilizer application strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer includes ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium chloride.

3. The nitrogen fertilizer application strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that The nitrate nitrogen fertilizer includes sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate or potassium nitrate.

4. Use of the nitrogen fertilizer application strategy according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in improving soil fertility structure and / or increasing crop yield.

5. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that The soil includes fluvo-aquic soil, sandy soil or red soil.

6. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that The crops include tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, yams, ginger or strawberries.

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