An experimental device for measuring the action characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of research on the operational characteristics of overpressure relief devices, and particularly to an experimental device for measuring the operational characteristics of overpressure relief devices under water hammer conditions. The device includes: a high-pressure air compressor, a frame, a piston accumulator, a quick-opening device, a high-pressure test assembly, and a high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor. This invention enables the measurement of operational characteristics under different pressure rise rate loads caused by water hammer phenomena on a test bench, providing an experimental platform for the research on the operational characteristics of overpressure relief devices under high pressure rise rates. The overall device is simple, quick, and stable. It effectively solves the problem of applying high pressure rise rate loads in current overpressure relief device operational characteristic measurement tests, overcomes the danger of using combustible gas explosions as pressure sources in existing operational characteristic measurement tests, and overcomes the shortcomings of existing test methods, such as long testing times, the need to calculate gas explosion pressure, and the difficulty in accurately controlling the pressure rise rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of research on the action characteristics of overpressure relief devices, and in particular to an experimental device for measuring the action characteristics of overpressure relief devices under water hammer conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Overpressure relief devices are crucial components for ensuring the safe operation of pressure vessels. When the internal pressure of a pressure vessel suddenly rises, entering an overpressure state, the overpressure relief device activates and actively releases the internal pressure to prevent structural damage, thus protecting the structural integrity of the pressure vessel and safeguarding public property and lives. Overpressure relief devices are widely used in various types of pressure vessels; therefore, research on the determination of the operational characteristics of overpressure relief devices, as presented in this invention, is of paramount importance and a key issue for the long-term safe and stable operation of pressure vessels.

[0003] In existing technologies, the study of overpressure relief device operation characteristics mainly utilizes the ignition of combustible gas in a confined space to generate a gas explosion pressure wave as a pressure source with a high pressurization rate. This pressure wave is transmitted to the overpressure relief test device to study its operation characteristics under high pressurization rates. However, this approach has drawbacks such as high risk of gas explosion, long test time, the need to calculate gas explosion pressure, and difficulty in accurately controlling the load pressurization rate. Therefore, existing technologies have not yet solved the problems of achieving load safety and precise control of load magnitude and pressurization rate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention proposes an experimental device for measuring the action characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0006] An experimental device for measuring the action characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions includes: a high-pressure air compressor, a frame, a piston accumulator, a quick-opening device, a high-pressure test assembly, a high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor, and an overpressure relief device; the high-pressure air compressor, piston accumulator, and quick-opening device are disposed inside the frame, and the high-pressure test assembly and high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor are disposed above the frame.

[0007] The specific structure of the experimental device for determining the action characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions is as follows:

[0008] The high-pressure gas outlet of the high-pressure air compressor is connected to the bottom inlet of the piston accumulator, and the two are sealed by a hard seal. The high-pressure air compressor provides the gas source pressure for the overall test bench.

[0009] Furthermore, the piston-type accumulator includes a gas end and a liquid end, and has a built-in movable piston and a piston limiting device.

[0010] Furthermore, the liquid outlet at the top of the piston accumulator is connected to the quick-opening device via an NPT threaded seal.

[0011] Furthermore, the quick-opening device is connected to the high-pressure cylinder in the high-pressure test assembly via an NPT threaded seal.

[0012] Furthermore, the high-pressure cylinder and frame in the high-pressure test assembly are positioned and connected by bolts; a high-pressure shoulder cover is provided on the top of the high-pressure cylinder, and a space for installing a sealing device is formed between the high-pressure shoulder cover and the high-pressure cylinder; the high-pressure O-ring, high-pressure sealing gasket, and high-pressure clamping ring are placed in the sealing device space; the outer wall of the high-pressure cylinder and the high-pressure clamping top cover are provided with threads, and the inner wall of the high-pressure threaded sleeve has two sections of internal threads, and the outer wall of the high-pressure cylinder and the high-pressure clamping top cover are threadedly connected into a whole by the high-pressure threaded sleeve; the high-pressure clamping ring is clamped by the high-pressure clamping top cover, and the high-pressure preload plate is provided above the high-pressure clamping top cover to provide axial sealing clamping force.

[0013] Furthermore, a pressure sensor interface groove is provided above the high-pressure shoulder cover, the inner wall of the groove is internally threaded, the pressure sensor sealing gasket is placed in the groove, and the high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor is connected to the high-pressure shoulder cover by threads.

[0014] Furthermore, a drain valve interface groove is provided above the high-pressure shoulder cover, the inner wall of the groove is internally threaded, and the exhaust valve is sealed to the high-pressure shoulder cover by a hard seal.

[0015] Furthermore, in the overpressure relief device (taking the overpressure relief test device as a rupture disc as an example), the test part flat gasket is set above the high-pressure shoulder cover, which is the same as the structure of the conventional rupture disc burst test clamp. The parts above the test part flat gasket are, in order of installation from bottom to top, the test part rupture disc, the test part pressure ring, and the test part clamp. The test part clamp is connected to the high-pressure shoulder cover by threads, and the internal sealing surface is squeezed by the thread tightening force to achieve a sealing effect.

[0016] Furthermore, the quick-opening device, when the gas end of the piston accumulator is filled with high-pressure gas at a preset pressure, can quickly open according to the experimenter's needs. The two ends of the quick-opening device are sealed to the piston accumulator and the high-pressure test assembly through NPT threads.

[0017] Furthermore, any quick-opening device that has been approved by engineering experience, such as a quick-opening valve or a burst valve, can be used for the flow field quick-opening of the overpressure relief device action characteristic measurement experimental device.

[0018] Furthermore, the high-pressure air compressor is not limited to being a high-pressure air source. Any air source that has been approved by engineering experience, such as a low-pressure air compressor combined with a gas booster or a high-pressure gas cylinder, can be used as the air source pressure output device of the experimental device for measuring the action characteristics of the overpressure relief device.

[0019] Furthermore, the piston accumulator is not limited to piston accumulators; other accumulator forms, such as gravity-loaded, spring-loaded, and gas-loaded accumulators, can also be used.

[0020] The working principle of this invention is as follows: Initially, the gas pressure in the gas phase slide of the piston accumulator is the pressure P1 output by the high-pressure air compressor. Since the pressures at both ends of the piston accumulator are balanced, the fluid pressure from the piston accumulator fluid slide to the quick-opening device section is the same as the gas pressure, also P1. The piston accumulator is an energy storage component in a hydraulic-pneumatic system. It can convert the energy in the system into compressible energy or potential energy at appropriate times and store it. When the system needs it, it converts the compressible energy or potential energy back into hydraulic or pneumatic energy and releases it to replenish the system. It features a simple structure and rapid response. Due to the opening of the quick-opening device, the liquid flow area previously separated by the quick-opening device is connected, along with the gas area of ​​the piston accumulator... As the volume continuously expands, the high-pressure gas pushes the fluid at the other end of the piston to release energy. The fluid pressure P1 from the piston accumulator fluid slide to the quick-opening device section is transmitted in the form of a water hammer pressure wave to the liquid P2 from the quick-opening device to the overpressure relief test device section, subjecting the overpressure relief test device to a rapid, high-pressure-increase-rate load. According to the ideal gas law PV=nRT, the magnitude of the load and the rate of pressure increase on the overpressure relief test device can be changed by altering the volume of gas in the piston accumulator and the initial gas pressure P1. A high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor collects the load on the overpressure relief device, allowing researchers to monitor the pressure load on the overpressure relief device and conduct experimental research on the device's operational characteristics.

[0021] The measuring device of the present invention includes: a high-pressure air compressor capable of providing high-pressure gas pressure; a piston accumulator connected to the high-pressure air compressor capable of storing and rapidly releasing pressure loads and providing loads with high pressure rise rates; a quick-opening device connected to the piston accumulator capable of preventing high pressure from being transmitted to the test object before it reaches a preset pressure, and capable of quickly opening the pressure outlet and transmitting the pressure load provided by the piston accumulator to the test object; a high-pressure test assembly connected to the quick-opening device for fixing the test object and venting the gas inside the test device; and a high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor connected to the high-pressure test assembly capable of monitoring pressure changes.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0023] In terms of test controllability and structural form, the overpressure relief device can be tested under different pressure rise rates on the test bench. This provides a test platform for the study of the overpressure relief device under high pressure rise rate caused by water hammer. The overall device performance is stable. According to the ideal gas law PV=nRT, the load and pressure rise rate of the overpressure relief test device can be changed by changing the volume of gas in the piston accumulator and the initial pre-charge gas pressure P1. The load pressure rise rate and load size are controllable and reproducible.

[0024] In terms of working principle, the method of using liquid to transmit high pressure rate load and combining quick-opening device with piston accumulator effectively solves the problem of applying high pressure rate load in current motion characteristic measurement test. It overcomes the safety problem of using high-pressure gas explosion as a pressure source with high pressure rate in the existing motion characteristic measurement test, as well as its disadvantages such as long test time, need to calculate gas explosion pressure and difficulty in accurately controlling pressure magnitude and pressure rate.

[0025] In terms of structural reliability and replaceability, the present invention features a simple structural design that is easy to assemble and disassemble, and the materials and dimensions of the sealing rings and gaskets are all in accordance with standard specifications. All components of the test bench are easy to process, replace, and maintain.

[0026] In terms of test versatility, an experimental device for determining the action characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions can be applied to overpressure relief devices such as rupture discs and safety valves. It is simple and quick to use, requiring only the replacement of different conversion connection interfaces. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 (a) is a simplified structural diagram (top view, axonometric view) of an experimental device for determining the operational characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions according to the present invention; (b) is a simplified structural diagram (bottom view, axonometric view) of an experimental device for determining the operational characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 (a) Simplified structural diagram of the high-voltage test assembly; (b) Simplified structural diagram of the high-voltage test assembly (top view, axonometric view);

[0029] Figure 3 (a) Simplified structural diagram of the high-voltage test assembly's shoulder cover (top view); (b) Anatomical diagram of the high-voltage test assembly's shoulder cover (AA direction); (c) Anatomical diagram of the high-voltage test assembly's shoulder cover (BB direction);

[0030] Figure 4 (a) Partial structural diagram of the connection between the frame and the piston accumulator; (b) Partial structural diagram of the connection between the quick-opening device and the high-voltage test assembly; (c) Partial structural diagram of the connection between the quick-opening device and the piston accumulator.

[0031] The components in the diagram are labeled as follows: 1. High-pressure air compressor; 2. Frame; 3. Piston accumulator; 4. Quick-opening device; 5. High-pressure threaded sleeve; 5-1. High-pressure cylinder; 5-2. High-pressure clamping top cover; 5-3. High-pressure pre-tightening disc; 5-4. High-pressure shoulder cover; 5-5. High-pressure O-ring; 5-6. High-pressure sealing flat gasket; 5-7. High-pressure clamping ring; 5-8. Test section flat gasket; 5-9. Test section pressure ring; 5-10. Test section rupture disc (overpressure relief device exemplifies rupture disc); 5-11. Test section fixture; 6. High-frequency dynamic pressure sensor; 6-1. Pressure sensor sealing gasket; 7. Exhaust valve; 8. Upper connecting pipe; 9. Lower connecting pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] The implementation process of the method of the present invention is as follows:

[0034] An experimental apparatus for determining the operational characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions, comprising:

[0035] A high-pressure air compressor can provide a high-pressure source for the entire device system;

[0036] Piston accumulator, with one end connected to a high-pressure air compressor and the other end connected to a quick-opening device, can store and quickly release pressure loads and provide pressure waves with high pressurization rates.

[0037] The quick-opening device is connected to the piston accumulator at one end and to the high-pressure test assembly at the other end. It can prevent the high pressure from being transmitted to the test object before it is raised to the preset pressure, and can also quickly open the pressure outlet and transmit the high pressure rise rate load provided by the piston accumulator to the test object.

[0038] The high-pressure experimental assembly connects to a quick-opening device at one end and to the overpressure relief device under study, a high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor, and an exhaust valve at the other end, providing the experimental installation location and pressure detection.

[0039] Assemble the high-pressure test assembly (taking the overpressure relief test device as an example with a rupture disc). Install the high-pressure shoulder cover 5-4 onto the sealing surface of the high-pressure cylinder 5-1. Connect the high-pressure threaded sleeve 5 to the high-pressure cylinder 5-1 via threads. Install the high-pressure O-ring 5-5 onto the sealing groove formed by the high-pressure shoulder cover 5-4 and the high-pressure cylinder 5-1. Install the high-pressure sealing gasket 5-6 onto the high-pressure sealing gasket 5-6. Install the high-pressure clamping ring 5-7 onto the high-pressure sealing gasket 5-6. Connect the high-pressure clamping ring 5-7 to the high-pressure threaded sleeve 5 via threads. Connect the high-pressure preload disc 5-3 to the high-pressure shoulder cover 5-4 via threads and clamp the high-pressure... The sealing surfaces inside the test assembly are sealed by installing the test part flat gasket 5-8 onto the sealing surface of the high-pressure shoulder cover 5-4, installing the test part rupture disc 5-10 onto the sealing surface of the test part flat gasket 5-8, installing the test part pressure ring 5-9 onto the test part rupture disc 5-10, and connecting the test part clamp 5-11 to the high-pressure shoulder cover 5-4 via threads to press the sealing surfaces of the test assembly. The pressure sensor sealing gasket 6-1 is installed onto the sealing surface of the high-pressure shoulder cover 5-4, and the high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor 6 is connected to the high-pressure shoulder cover 5-4 via threads to achieve sealing of the high-pressure test assembly and complete the assembly of the high-pressure test assembly.

[0040] Assemble the exhaust valve by connecting the exhaust valve 7 to the high-pressure shoulder cover 5-4 via threads and ensuring a tight seal through a hard seal. This completes the assembly of the exhaust valve assembly.

[0041] In the overall assembly process of this invention, the high-pressure air compressor 1 is fixed to the frame 2 by four corner bolts, the piston accumulator 3 is fixed to the frame 2 by bolts, the high-pressure air compressor 1 and the piston accumulator 3 are connected by a high-pressure air pipe with a valve, and the high-pressure air pipe and the piston accumulator 3 are sealed by a hard seal, the assembled quick-opening device 4 and the piston accumulator 3 are connected and sealed by a lower connecting pipe 9 with NPT threads at both ends, the high-pressure shoulder cover 5-3 in the assembled high-pressure test assembly is connected and sealed by a upper connecting pipe 8 with NPT threads at both ends, the high-pressure shoulder cover 5-3 in the assembled high-pressure test assembly is fixed to the frame 2 by bolts, and the high-pressure shoulder cover 5-3 in the assembled high-pressure test assembly is connected to the exhaust valve 7 by threads, thus completing the overall assembly process of this invention.

[0042] During the filling process of this invention, the limiting device is installed on the gas phase slide of the piston accumulator 3, the quick-opening device 4 is opened, and liquid is filled; the exhaust valve 7 is opened, and liquid is filled into the fluid outlet connected to the high-pressure shoulder cover 5-4 and the overpressure relief test device until liquid emerges from the exhaust valve 7, the exhaust valve 7 is closed, the quick-opening device 4 is closed, and the overpressure relief test device is assembled in sequence to complete the liquid filling; the gas valve on the high-pressure gas pipe is opened to complete the gas filling, and the entire filling is completed.

[0043] During the operation of this invention, the initial gas pressure in the gas phase slide of the piston accumulator 3 is the pressure P1 output by the high-pressure air compressor 1. Since the pressures at both ends of the piston accumulator 3 are balanced, the fluid pressure from the piston accumulator 3 fluid slide to the quick-opening device 4 is also P1, the same as the gas pressure. The piston accumulator 3 is an energy storage component in a hydraulic-pneumatic system. It can convert the energy in the system into compressible energy or potential energy at appropriate times and store it. When the system needs it, it converts the compressible energy or potential energy into hydraulic or pneumatic energy and releases it to replenish the system. It features a simple structure and sensitive response. Due to the opening of the quick-opening device 4, the liquid flow area previously separated by the quick-opening device 4 is connected. As the volume of the gas region of the piston accumulator 3 increases... As the pressure increases, the high-pressure gas pushes the fluid at the other end of the piston to release energy. The fluid pressure P1 from the fluid slide of the piston accumulator 3 to the quick-opening device section is transmitted in the form of a water hammer pressure wave to the liquid P2 from the quick-opening device 4 to the overpressure relief test device section, subjecting the overpressure relief test device to a pressure load with a rapid and high pressure rise rate. According to the ideal gas law PV=nRT, the magnitude of the load and the pressure rise rate of the overpressure relief test device can be changed by altering the volume of gas in the piston accumulator 3 and the initial gas pressure P1. The high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor 6 collects the magnitude of the load and the pressure rise rate of the overpressure relief device, allowing researchers to monitor the pressure load on the overpressure relief device and conduct experimental research on the action characteristics of the overpressure relief device.

[0044] During the maintenance process of this invention, the high-pressure pre-tightening disc 5-3 and the high-pressure clamping top cover 5-2 can be removed to replace the internal parts and realize routine maintenance operations.

[0045] The above description is merely one embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although a suitable embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed above, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make certain modifications to the above-disclosed structure and technical content without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, thus creating equivalent embodiments.

[0046] For example, the quick-opening device 4 can be equipped with a reasonable quick-opening valve or other structures to achieve the quick-opening effect of the present invention.

[0047] For example, the piston accumulator 3 can adopt other accumulator forms such as gravity-loaded, spring-loaded, or gas-loaded.

[0048] For example, frame 2 can adopt other support forms.

[0049] For example, the high-pressure air compressor 1 can be produced by combining a low-pressure air compressor with a gas booster to generate high-pressure gas.

[0050] For example, a high-pressure air compressor 1 can use a high-pressure gas cylinder as a gas source to provide high-pressure gas pressure.

[0051] For example, the high-pressure O-ring 5-5 and the high-pressure sealing gasket 5-6 can adopt other high-pressure sealing forms such as triangular gaskets.

[0052] However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for determining the operational characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions, characterized in that, include: The high-pressure air compressor (1), frame (2), piston accumulator (3), quick-opening device (4), high-pressure test assembly and high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor (6) are arranged inside the frame (2), and the high-pressure test assembly and high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor (6) are arranged above the frame (2). The high-pressure gas outlet of the high-pressure air compressor (1) is connected to the bottom inlet of the piston accumulator (3), and the high-pressure air compressor (1) provides the gas source pressure for the overall test device; The piston accumulator (3) includes a gas end and a liquid end, and has a built-in movable piston and piston limiting device for storing and rapidly releasing pressure loads and providing high pressure boosting rate loads. The liquid outlet at the top of the piston accumulator (3) is connected to the quick-opening device (4) via an NPT thread seal; the quick-opening device (4) is connected to the high-pressure cylinder (5-1) in the high-pressure test assembly via an NPT thread seal; the high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor (6) is connected to the high-pressure shoulder cover (5-4) in the high-pressure test assembly. The high-pressure cylinder (5-1) and frame (2) in the high-pressure test assembly are positioned and connected by bolts; a high-pressure shoulder cover (5-4) is provided above the high-pressure cylinder (5-1), and a space for installing a sealing device is formed between the high-pressure shoulder cover (5-4) and the high-pressure cylinder (5-1); a high-pressure O-ring (5-5), a high-pressure sealing gasket (5-6), and a high-pressure clamping ring (5-7) are placed in the sealing device space; the outer wall of the high-pressure cylinder (5-1) and the high-pressure clamping top cover (5-2) are provided with threads, and the inner wall of the high-pressure threaded sleeve (5) has two sections of internal threads. The high-pressure threaded sleeve (5) connects the outer wall of the high-pressure cylinder (5-1) and the high-pressure clamping top cover (5-2) into a whole; the high-pressure clamping ring (5-7) is clamped by the high-pressure clamping top cover (5-2), and the high-pressure pre-tightening disc (5-3) is provided above the high-pressure clamping top cover (5-2) to provide axial sealing clamping force; The initial gas pressure in the gas phase slide of the piston accumulator (3) is the pressure P1 output by the high-pressure air pump (1). Since the pressures at both ends of the piston accumulator (3) are balanced, the fluid pressure from the fluid slide of the piston accumulator (3) to the quick-opening device (4) is the same as the gas pressure, which is P1. The piston accumulator (3) is an energy storage component in a hydraulic pneumatic system. It can convert the energy in the system into compressed energy or potential energy at appropriate times and store it. When the system needs it, it can convert the compressed energy or potential energy into hydraulic or pneumatic energy and release it to replenish the system. Due to the opening of the quick-opening device (4), the liquid flow area previously separated by the quick-opening device (4) is connected. As the volume of the gas area of ​​the piston accumulator (3) continues to expand... The high-pressure gas pushes the fluid at the other end of the piston to release energy. The fluid pressure P1 from the fluid slide of the piston accumulator (3) to the quick-opening device section is transmitted to the liquid P2 from the quick-opening device (4) to the overpressure relief device section in the form of water hammer pressure waves, so that the overpressure relief device is subjected to a pressure load with a high pressure rise rate. According to the ideal gas state equation PV=nRT, the load magnitude and pressure rise rate of the overpressure relief device can be changed by changing the volume of gas in the piston accumulator (3) and the initial gas pressure P1. The high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor (6) collects the load magnitude and pressure rise rate of the overpressure relief device, monitors the pressure load of the overpressure relief device, and conducts experimental research on the action characteristics of the overpressure relief device.

2. The experimental apparatus for determining the action characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure sensor interface groove is provided on the upper part of the high-pressure shoulder cover (5-4). The inner wall of the groove is internally threaded. The pressure sensor sealing gasket (6-1) is placed in the groove. The high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor (6) is connected to the high-pressure shoulder cover (5-4) by threads.

3. The experimental apparatus for determining the action characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure shoulder cover (5-4) is provided with a drain valve interface groove, the inner wall of the groove is internally threaded, and the exhaust valve (7) and the high-pressure shoulder cover (5-4) are sealed by a hard seal.

4. The experimental apparatus for determining the action characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions according to any one of claims 1, characterized in that: The overpressure relief device is a rupture disc. The test section flat gasket (5-8) is set above the high pressure shoulder cover (5-4). The parts above the test section flat gasket (5-8) are installed in the following order from bottom to top: test section rupture disc (5-10), test section pressure ring (5-9), and test section clamp (5-11). The test section clamp (5-11) is connected to the high pressure shoulder cover (5-4) by threads. The internal sealing surface is squeezed by the thread tightening force to achieve the sealing effect.

5. The experimental apparatus for determining the action characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the gas end of the piston accumulator (3) is filled with high-pressure gas at a preset pressure, the quick-opening device (4) can realize the quick-opening function as needed. The two ends of the quick-opening device (4) are sealed to the piston accumulator (3) and the high-pressure test assembly through NPT threads.

6. The experimental apparatus for determining the action characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The quick-opening device (4) is a quick-opening valve or a burst valve.

7. The experimental apparatus for determining the action characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The air source pressure output device of the experimental apparatus for determining the action characteristics of the overpressure relief device is a high-pressure air compressor (1), a combination of a low-pressure air compressor and a gas booster, or a high-pressure gas cylinder.

8. The experimental apparatus for determining the action characteristics of an overpressure relief device under water hammer conditions according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The piston-type accumulator (3) can also be gravity-loaded, spring-loaded, or gas-loaded.

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