An on-board low-loss castor bean shelling and cleaning device

Abstract

The application discloses an on-board low-loss castor-oil plant hulling and cleaning device, which comprises a machine base, a hulling mechanism, a screening mechanism and a kernel conveying auger arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the machine base; the hulling mechanism comprises a material input hopper and a hulling cylinder; the screening mechanism can make the material move from front to back; a transverse conveying mechanism is arranged below the kernel conveying auger, a lifting conveying mechanism is arranged at the front end of the transverse conveying mechanism, and the upper end of the lifting conveying mechanism is connected with the material input hopper. The on-board low-loss castor-oil plant hulling and cleaning device adopts two-stage recycling devices, and through the transverse conveying mechanism and the lifting conveying mechanism, it can ensure that the castor-oil plant capsules which are not broken can enter the hulling cylinder again to be shelled again, so that the loss generated in the castor-oil plant harvesting process can be effectively reduced, and the harvesting rate is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the husking and cleaning technology field of crops, in particular to an airborne low-loss castor bean husking and cleaning device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the castor bean harvesting process, castor capsule needs to be husked. In the prior art, patent CN201192644Y provides a castor bean husking machine, which comprises a feeding inlet, a husking roller mechanism, a fan, and a vibrating screen. The husking roller mechanism comprises a husking roller and an adjusting plate. The husking roller and the adjusting plate crack the castor capsule by extrusion. The castor bean husking machine has the following problems: although the extrusion method is relatively gentle and does not easily damage the castor seeds, the probability of cracking the castor capsule is also high, so that a large number of castor capsules are treated as impurities and the loss rate is high. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides an airborne low-loss castor bean husking and cleaning device that can effectively reduce castor bean loss.

[0004] Technical scheme: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the airborne low-loss castor bean husking and cleaning device of the present application comprises a machine base, and a husking mechanism, a screening mechanism, and a seed conveying auger arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the machine base; the husking mechanism comprises a material input hopper and a husking roller; the screening mechanism can move the material from front to back;

[0005] A horizontal conveying mechanism is installed below the seed conveying auger, a lifting conveying mechanism is installed at the front end of the horizontal conveying mechanism, and the upper end of the lifting conveying mechanism is connected to the material input hopper.

[0006] Further, a discharge conveying auger connected to the seed conveying auger is also included, which is arranged obliquely backward and has a lower front and a higher back.

[0007] Further, a fan and a material guiding inclined plate are also included, and the airflow blown by the fan can act on the material falling from the husking mechanism to the screening mechanism.

[0008] Further, the screening mechanism comprises a mesh screen, and the two ends of the mesh screen are connected to the machine base through connecting rods;

[0009] The rotating drive mechanism connects the mesh screen through an eccentric mechanism to make the mesh screen reciprocate and vibrate;

[0010] And the rotating drive mechanism is connected with the fan and the grain conveying auger through a first belt transmission mechanism and a second belt transmission mechanism respectively.

[0011] Further, the transverse conveying mechanism comprises two groups of first chains arranged in parallel, a plurality of partitions are equidistantly arranged in the conveying direction of the first chains, and two ends of the partitions are connected with the two groups of first chains respectively.

[0012] Further, the lifting conveying mechanism comprises two groups of second chains, a plurality of lifting plates are equidistantly arranged in the conveying direction of the second chains, and two ends of the lifting plates are connected with the two groups of second chains respectively.

[0013] Further, the transverse conveying mechanism and the rotating drive mechanism are connected through a fourth belt transmission mechanism, and the shelling drum and the lifting conveying mechanism are connected through a fifth belt transmission mechanism.

[0014] Further, the shelling drum comprises a columnar body and double-helix spiral lines arranged on the surface of the columnar body, and the spiral lines are made of rubber material; the shelling drum is arranged in a shelling chamber, and the shelling chamber is provided with a material outlet at the lower side.

[0015] Beneficial effects: the airborne low-loss castor shelling and cleaning device can reduce loss and improve the recovery rate through two measures, which are as follows:

[0016] The two-stage recycling device is adopted, the transverse conveying mechanism and the lifting conveying mechanism are adopted, and the castor capsules that are not broken can be recycled into the threshing drum again to be shelled again, so that the loss in the castor harvesting process can be effectively reduced, and the harvesting rate can be improved. The two-stage recycling device is designed reasonably, so that the overall structure of the shelling and cleaning device is compact, and the castor capsules can be effectively recycled.

[0017] The shelling drum is improved, and the double-helix spiral lines are arranged on the surface of the shelling drum, so that the castor capsules can be effectively cracked, and the cracking efficiency of the shells can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the airborne low-loss castor shelling and cleaning device and the capsule cleaning device.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a structure diagram of the airborne low-loss castor shelling and cleaning device.

[0020] Figure 3 It is an internal structure diagram of the airborne low-loss castor shelling and cleaning device.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a structure diagram of the lifting conveying mechanism.

[0022] Figure 5 is a structural diagram of the mesh screen;

[0023] Figure 6 is a structural diagram of the shelling drum.

[0024] In the figure: A - capsule cleaning device; 1 - shelling mechanism; 11 - material input hopper; 12 - shelling drum; 13 - shelling chamber; 2 - screening mechanism; 21 - mesh screen; 22 - connecting rod; 3 - grain conveying auger; 4 - transverse conveying mechanism; 41 - first chain; 42 - partition plate; 5 - lifting conveying mechanism; 51 - second chain; 52 - lifting plate; 6 - fan; 7 - rotary driving mechanism; 71 - first belt transmission mechanism; 72 - second belt transmission mechanism; 73 - third belt transmission mechanism; 74 - fourth belt transmission mechanism; 75 - fifth belt transmission mechanism; 8 - guide chute; 9 - unloading conveying auger; 10 - machine base; 10a - inclined surface; 10b - accommodating groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] As Figures 2-3 shown in the figure, the airborne low-loss castor shelling and cleaning device comprises a machine base 10, and a shelling mechanism 1, a screening mechanism 2 and a grain conveying auger 3 arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the machine base 10; the shelling mechanism 1 comprises a material input hopper 11 and a shelling drum 12; the screening mechanism 2 can make the material move from front to back; the moving direction is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the grain conveying auger 3; the transverse conveying mechanism 4 is installed below the grain conveying auger 3, the front end of the transverse conveying mechanism 4 is provided with the lifting conveying mechanism 5, and the upper end of the lifting conveying mechanism 5 is connected with the material input hopper 11.

[0027] The castor shelling and cleaning device is applied to airborne operation, that is, it is applied to a castor harvesting device, as Figure 1As shown, during operation, a capsule cleaning device A is installed above it, which is used to separate castor capsules from castor branches and leaves, so that castor capsules and seeds separated from the capsules fall into the material input hopper 11, and branches and leaves are discharged from the rear side of the capsule cleaning device. The structure of the capsule cleaning device is disclosed in the applicant's prior patent CN114424709A, which will not be described here. Castor capsules enter the working range of the hulling cylinder 12 through the material input hopper 11, and the hulling cylinder 12 performs hulling operation to make the castor capsules crack, and the castor seeds are separated from the capsules. Castor shells, castor seeds and part of the uncracked castor capsules fall into the screening mechanism 2, which makes the material move backward and at the same time makes the castor seeds fall through the screen holes into the seed conveying auger 3, which transversely transports and collects the seeds and then outputs them. The uncracked castor capsules fall from the rear end of the screening mechanism 2 to the rear side of the transverse conveying mechanism 4, which conveys the castor capsules from the rear side to the front side. The lifting conveying mechanism 5 continues to convey the castor capsules upward to make them return to the material input hopper 11, so that the castor capsules that are not fully threshed can re-enter the hulling mechanism 1 to continue the hulling operation.

[0028] With the above structure, two-stage recycling devices are adopted, which can ensure that the unbroken castor capsules can re-enter the threshing cylinder for hulling again, thereby effectively reducing the loss during castor harvesting and improving the harvesting rate.

[0029] In addition, the castor hulling and cleaning device further comprises a discharge conveying auger 9 connected to the seed conveying auger 3, which is arranged obliquely backward, with the front lower and the rear higher, so that it can convey the castor seeds from a lower position obliquely backward and upward to a collection box. The discharge conveying auger 9 is driven to rotate by a hydraulic motor 51.

[0030] Preferably, the castor hulling and cleaning device further comprises a fan 6 and a material guiding inclined plate 8, which are respectively located on both sides below the hulling cylinder 12. The airflow blown by the fan 6 can act on the material falling from the hulling mechanism 1 to the screening mechanism 2, so as to blow away the light and fine impurities in the material, prevent the fine impurities from passing through the screening mechanism 2 together with the castor seeds, increase the impurity content of the castor, and also blow away the empty shells in the material to reduce the screening difficulty of the screening mechanism 2, i.e. reduce the difficulty of the seeds passing through the screen. The impurities blown away by the fan 6 fall and are caught by the material guiding inclined plate 8 to be pushed away from the machine base 10 by the airflow blown by the fan 6. The inclination angle of the material guiding inclined plate 8 can be adjusted to meet the needs of air selection.

[0031] Preferably, the screening mechanism 2 comprises a mesh screen 21 (such as Figure 5As shown in the figure, two ends of the mesh screen 21 are connected to the base 10 through connecting rods 22 respectively; the rotary driving mechanism 7 is connected to the mesh screen 21 through an eccentric mechanism to make the mesh screen 21 reciprocate, and the acceleration of the backward movement is greater than that of the forward movement, so that the material moves backward when the mesh screen 21 reciprocates; the rotary driving mechanism 7 is connected to the fan 6 and the grain conveying auger 3 through first and second belt transmission mechanisms 71 and 72 respectively; the fan 6 and the shelling drum 12 are connected through a third belt transmission mechanism 73.

[0032] The horizontal conveying mechanism 4 and the lifting conveying mechanism 5 are arranged in an L shape, and the shelling mechanism 1, the screening mechanism 2 and the grain conveying auger 3 are arranged in the corner space of the horizontal conveying mechanism 4 and the lifting conveying mechanism 5. The rotary driving mechanism 7 is closest to the corner of the horizontal conveying mechanism 4 and the lifting conveying mechanism 5, and the first and second belt transmission mechanisms 71 and 72 are also arranged in an L shape; the shelling drum 12 is located in the upper oblique direction away from the lifting conveying mechanism 5 relative to the fan 6, and the screening mechanism 2 and the horizontal conveying mechanism 4 are located in the lower oblique direction away from the lifting conveying mechanism 5 relative to the fan 6. By using the above arrangement, the compactness of the structure can be improved, and the size of the castor bean shelling and cleaning device can be reduced, so that it can be integrated into a harvester.

[0033] The horizontal conveying mechanism 4 includes two groups of first chains 41 arranged in parallel, and a plurality of partitions 42 are installed equidistantly in the conveying direction of the first chains 41, and two ends of the partition 42 are connected to the two groups of first chains 41 respectively. As shown in the figure, the lifting conveying mechanism 5 includes two groups of second chains 51, and a plurality of lifting plates 52 are installed equidistantly in the conveying direction of the second chains 51, and two ends of the lifting plate 52 are connected to the two groups of second chains 51 respectively. Figure 4

[0034] ​The machine base 10 is in the form of a box, the shelling mechanism 1, the screening mechanism 2, the grain conveying auger 3, the transverse conveying mechanism 4, the lifting conveying mechanism 5 and the fan 6 are all arranged in the box. The bottom of the machine base 10 has an inclined surface 10a on one side behind the transverse conveying mechanism 4 and a concave accommodating groove 10b on one side in front of the transverse conveying mechanism 4, so as to gather the castor capsules to the transverse conveying mechanism 4. The lower half of the first chain 41 is a conveying section, the partition plate 42 pushes the castor capsules to move along the bottom plate of the machine base 10, and pushes the castor capsules into the accommodating groove 10b. The lifting plate 52 of the lifting conveying mechanism 5 scrapes the castor capsules in the accommodating groove 10b. The lifting plate 52 has a blocking edge on the other three sides except the outer side. The side of the lifting conveying mechanism 5 away from the transverse conveying mechanism 4 is a lifting side. The outer side of the lifting plate 52 on the lifting side moves along the inner wall of the front side of the machine base 10, so that the castor capsules will not fall off. The lifting plate 52 with the castor capsules bypasses the bending part on the upper end of the second chain 51, and pours the castor capsules into the material input hopper 11.

[0035] The transverse conveying mechanism 4 and the rotating driving mechanism 7 are connected through the fourth belt transmission mechanism 74. The shelling drum 12 and the lifting conveying mechanism 5 are connected through the fifth belt transmission mechanism 75. In this way, the rotating driving mechanism 7 can drive all the moving parts in the machine base 10 to operate, which can reduce the number of original moving parts and save costs.

[0036] As shown in Figure 6 The shelling drum 12 includes a cylindrical body and double helical spiral threads arranged on the surface of the cylindrical body. The spiral threads are made of rubber material. The shelling drum 12 is arranged in the shelling chamber 13, and the lower side of the shelling chamber has a material outlet. When the castor capsules enter the shelling chamber, the shelling drum 12 and the inner wall of the shelling chamber 13 extrude the castor capsules, so that the castor capsules are broken, and then the materials fall out of the material outlet and fall to the screening mechanism 2. The spiral threads can promote the castor capsules to enter the space between the shelling drum 12 and the inner wall of the shelling chamber. With the rotation of the shelling drum 12, the castor capsules are alternately extruded by the cylindrical body and the spiral threads, which can promote the castor capsules to break and reduce the damage to the grains.

[0037] Specifically, by arranging the double helical spiral threads, the process of tight (the first spiral protrusion part acts on the castor capsule) - loose (the outer wall of the cylinder between the two spiral protrusion parts acts on the castor capsule and makes the castor capsule rotate by a small angle) - tight (the second spiral protrusion part acts on the castor capsule) can be realized each time the castor capsule is pressed. In this way, after the castor capsule is broken for the first time, the castor capsule is pressed again near the broken position, which can promote the increase of the crack of the castor capsule, improve the breaking efficiency, and then the cylinder can rub the castor capsule for a long time, so that the grains can be taken out of the shell as soon as possible.

[0038] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and refinements without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An on-board low-loss castor shelling and cleaning device, comprising a machine base (10), and a shelling mechanism (1), a screening mechanism (2) and a kernel conveying auger (3) arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the machine base (10); the shelling mechanism (1) comprises a material input hopper (11) and a shelling drum (12); the screening mechanism (2) can make the material move from front to back; characterized in that: a transverse conveying mechanism (4) is installed below the kernel conveying auger (3), a lifting conveying mechanism (5) is installed at the front end of the transverse conveying mechanism (4), and the upper end of the lifting conveying mechanism (5) is connected to the material input hopper (11); the transverse conveying mechanism (4) and the lifting conveying mechanism (5) are arranged in an L shape, and the shelling mechanism (1), the screening mechanism (2) and the kernel conveying auger (3) are all arranged in the corner space of the transverse conveying mechanism (4) and the lifting conveying mechanism (5); the transverse conveying mechanism (4) comprises two groups of first chains (41) arranged in parallel, a plurality of partitions (42) are installed equidistantly in the conveying direction of the first chains (41), and the two ends of each partition (42) are connected to the two groups of first chains (41); the lifting conveying mechanism (5) comprises two groups of second chains (51), a plurality of lifting plates (52) are installed equidistantly in the conveying direction of the second chains (51), and the two ends of each lifting plate (52) are connected to the two groups of second chains (51); the shelling drum (12) comprises a cylindrical body and double-helix spiral threads arranged on the surface of the cylindrical body, the spiral threads are made of rubber material, the shelling drum (12) is arranged in a shelling chamber (13), and the lower side of the shelling chamber has a material outlet; after the castor capsule enters the shelling chamber, the shelling drum (12) and the inner wall of the shelling chamber (13) extrude the castor capsule; when the double-helix spiral threads press the castor capsule, the first spiral protrusion part first acts on the castor capsule, then the outer wall of the cylinder between the two spiral protrusion parts acts on the castor capsule and rotates the castor capsule, and then the second spiral protrusion part acts on the castor capsule; in this way, after the castor capsule is cracked by the first pressing, the castor capsule is pressed again near the cracked position, so that the crack of the castor capsule is enlarged; then the cylinder rubs and twists the castor capsule for a long time, so that the kernel is separated from the shell.

2. The airborne low-loss castor huller and cleaner apparatus of claim 1, wherein, It also comprises a discharge conveying auger (9) connected to the kernel conveying auger (3), the discharge conveying auger (9) is arranged obliquely backward, and the front end is lower than the rear end.

3. The airborne low-loss castor huller and cleaner apparatus of claim 1, wherein, It also comprises a fan (6) and a material guiding inclined plate (8), the airflow blown by the fan (6) can act on the material falling from the shelling mechanism (1) to the screening mechanism (2).

4. The on-board low-loss castor huller and cleaner apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The screening mechanism (2) comprises a mesh screen (21), the two ends of the mesh screen (21) are connected to the machine base (10) through connecting rods (22); a rotary driving mechanism (7) is connected to the mesh screen (21) through an eccentric mechanism to make the mesh screen (21) reciprocate. And the rotating drive mechanism (7) is connected with the fan (6) and the kernel conveying auger (3) through the first belt transmission mechanism (71) and the second belt transmission mechanism (72) respectively; the third belt transmission mechanism (73) is connected between the fan (6) and the shelling cylinder (12).

5. The airborne low-loss castor huller and cleaner apparatus of claim 4, wherein, The fourth belt transmission mechanism (74) is connected between the transverse conveying mechanism (4) and the rotating drive mechanism (7); the fifth belt transmission mechanism (75) is connected between the shelling cylinder (12) and the lifting conveying mechanism (5).

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