Seed capsule suitable for arid and semi-arid areas and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of ecosystem restoration technology, and in particular to a seed capsule suitable for arid and semi-arid areas, and a preparation method and application thereof. The seed capsule includes a cylindrical seed core, a spacer layer and a protective layer from the inside to the outside, the seed core includes pioneer plant grass seeds, potassium humate, chitosan, camphor, probiotic spore powder and sand, the spacer layer is provided with pioneer plant grass seeds different from those on the seed core, the seed capsule is a triangular prism, the spacer layer is provided with three groups of seedling holes along the circumference of the seed core, the seedling holes are located inside the side of the triangular prism, and the protective layer includes clay, cattle and sheep manure, biochar, fruit crushed material, water retaining agent, compound fertilizer and guar gum. The seed capsule provided by the present invention has the properties of salt resistance, drought resistance and cold resistance, and can withstand harsh natural environments, wherein the seed core is relatively dry, can create a long-term seed dormancy environment, and has a small requirement for the application time period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecosystem restoration, and in particular to a seed capsule suitable for arid and semi-arid areas, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The arid and semi-arid areas of Northwest China are mostly covered with grasslands and deserts. They are the main ecologically fragile areas in my country, with a single ecosystem and sparse vegetation. Under the influence of climate change and irrational human use of land, grassland and wetland ecosystems have degraded, lakes and ponds have dried up, soil has become salinized and desertified, and the survival rate of trees and grasses is low, which seriously threatens the sustainable production of local agriculture and animal husbandry.

[0003] For example, in Zhangbei area, due to the regional climatic conditions, the average annual evaporation is 1,600 mm and the average annual precipitation is 400 mm. The evaporation is four times the precipitation. There are a large number of seasonal rivers and lakes in the region. As the dry and wet seasons change, the rivers and lakes have produced a large number of native saline-alkali lands, mostly degraded grasslands and wetlands, especially severely degraded grasslands. The soil structure has been damaged, the water holding capacity and nutrients have been lost, and most of the soils have become salinized and desertified, causing regional ecological damage.

[0004] Artificial reseeding is one of the important means to restore and rebuild moderately and severely degraded grasslands and wetlands. Currently, most vegetation restoration methods use bare seed sowing, but the germination rate and survival rate are not satisfactory, and multiple rounds of reseeding are often required, which consumes a lot of manpower and material resources and is cumbersome. At present, how to restore the pioneer vegetation of regional degraded grasslands and wetlands at low cost and delay the spread of salinization and desertification is a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The first object of the present invention is to provide a seed capsule suitable for arid and semi-arid areas, the seed capsule can withstand harsh natural environments, and the planting method is simple and convenient.

[0006] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing seed capsules suitable for arid and semi-arid areas.

[0007] The present invention provides a seed capsule suitable for arid and semi-arid areas. The seed capsule comprises a cylindrical seed core, a spacer layer and a protective layer from the inside to the outside. The seed core comprises pioneer plant grass seeds, potassium humate, chitosan, camphor, probiotic spore powder and sand. A grass seed layer is arranged on the inner side of the spacer layer. The grass seed layer is a pioneer plant grass seed different from that on the seed core. The seed capsule is a triangular prism. The spacer layer is provided with three groups of seedling holes along the circumference of the seed core. The seedling holes are located inside the side of the triangular prism. The protective layer comprises clay, cattle and sheep manure, biochar, crushed fruit, water retaining agent, compound fertilizer and guar gum.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for preparing seed capsules suitable for arid and semi-arid areas, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Preparation of seed core: Pioneer plant grass seeds, potassium humate, chitosan, camphor and probiotic spore powder are mixed to obtain a mixture, the mixture is added to the sand in proportion, and the mixture is mixed to form a cylindrical seed core;

[0010] S2. Prepare a spacing layer: soak the breathable membrane material and evenly spray pioneer plant grass seeds on the inner side to form a grass seed layer. Set three groups of seedling holes on the breathable membrane material. Wrap the breathable membrane material on the surface of the seed core, and set the seedling holes along the circumference of the seed core. The breathable membrane material can be made of non-woven fabric, which has the advantages of good air permeability and easy degradation while effectively fixing the shape of the seed core.

[0011] S3. Prepare the protective layer: Mix clay, cattle and sheep feces, biochar, and crushed fruit evenly and ferment for 1-2 months, then add water retaining agent, compound fertilizer and guar gum in proportion, stir until viscous, and coat the outside of the spacer layer to form a triangular prism, the seedling hole is located inside the side of the triangular prism, and the seed capsule is obtained after drying. The seedling hole is located at the weakest part of the protective layer, and the seeds are easier to germinate.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the mass ratio of the pioneer plant grass seeds, potassium humate, chitosan, camphor and probiotic spore powder is 43-48:23-28:23-28:2-4:1-3, the moisture content of the sand is 15-20%, and the ratio of the mixture added to the sand is 50g / kg.

[0013] Preferably, the pioneer grass species in step S1 include one or more of Achnatherum splendens, Medicago sativa, Lolium perenne, and Elymus dahliae.

[0014] Preferably, the seed core prepared in step S1 has a length of 10-15 cm and a diameter of 1-2 cm.

[0015] Preferably, the pioneer plant grass seeds in step S2 include one or more of Suaeda salsa, Sainfoin, Astragalus membranaceus, and Pennisetum truncatum.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, the mass ratio of clay, cattle and sheep feces, biochar, and crushed fruit is 28-32:35-45:18-22:9-11, the water retaining agent is added at a ratio of 30 g / kg, the compound fertilizer is added at a ratio of 150 g / kg, and the guar gum is added at a ratio of 30 g / kg. The crushed fruit can be one or more of discarded apples, pears, persimmons, and oranges.

[0017] Preferably, the compound fertilizer is a compound nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, wherein the content ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is 18:18:18:18.

[0018] Preferably, the seed capsule is in the shape of a regular triangular prism, the two bottom surfaces are equilateral triangles with sides of 3-5 cm, and the height is the same as the length of the seed core.

[0019] The seed capsule suitable for arid and semi-arid areas provided by the present invention is used for protecting and restoring the fragile ecosystem of salinized grasslands and wetlands in arid and semi-arid areas.

[0020] Beneficial effects:

[0021] The potassium humate in the seed core of the invention can promote seed germination and rooting, and promote plant germination and growth; chitosan has the function of absorbing and retaining water, and can change the water and soil environment of the plant root system; camphor can play a bactericidal role, and prevent insects from damaging seeds; the probiotic spore powder can produce a network of beneficial hyphae at the roots of vegetation, improve the root microenvironment, reduce pH, dissolve and release trace elements, increase soil volume, secrete indoleacetic acid, auxin, abscisic acid and other auxins or beneficial substances, promote plant nutrient absorption, and increase the disease resistance of plants. The potassium humate, chitosan, camphor and probiotic spore powder cooperate with each other to provide a good nutritional environment for seed germination.

[0022] The inner side of the spacing layer of the present invention is also provided with a grass seed layer, which can increase the species richness of the pioneer vegetation, and the grass seed layer is located on the inner side, and the seed core can also provide the required environment for the grass seeds on the grass seed layer, which is conducive to seed germination; the spacing layer is coated on the outer side of the seed core to fix the grass seed layer and wrap the loose seed core to form, and the spacing layer is corresponding to the weak point in the center of the prism face of the triangular prism seed capsule protective layer. The seedling hole is also provided, which can ensure that in the dry season, when snow and rainfall are insufficient, the seed capsule is partially fluffy and the seeds can also germinate. The protective layer of the present invention provides nutrients during the seed germination period, can fully retain water and neutralize the salt and alkali of the external soil, and can promote the germination and growth of seeds.

[0023] The long triangular prism shape of the seed capsule of the present invention can make the vegetation quickly cluster after germination, and the seeds of the grass seed layer can spread faster around the clusters to form a cluster-to-sheet effect, which helps to quickly stabilize and crust the degraded sandy soil and is beneficial to the rapid establishment of vegetation.

[0024] The materials used in the seed capsules provided by the present invention are mostly local waste, which can be used for reasonable secondary processing of waste resources; and can be prefabricated in large quantities and scattered in batches in the wild, and the vegetation restoration method is simple and convenient. The seed capsules of the present invention have the properties of salt resistance, drought resistance, and cold resistance, and can withstand harsh natural environments. The biomass charcoal, fruit crushed material, and water retaining agent in the outer protective layer of the seed capsule and the chitosan in the seed core can fully absorb water to provide sufficient moisture for seed germination. The seed capsules are placed in December and experience the winter snowfall period, so that the protective layer of the seed capsules can fully absorb water and freeze for a long time to ensure that it thaws and becomes fluffy in the spring of the following year, thereby achieving the purpose of drought resistance; if the water absorption is insufficient and the protective layer is not fluffy enough in the spring, the seeds can still germinate at the weakest part of the protective layer. The biomass charcoal in the protective layer of the seed capsule and the fruit crushed material in the fruit retaining agent can fully absorb water and freeze the seed capsules, so as to ensure that the protective layer can be thawed and fluffy in the spring, so as to achieve the purpose of drought resistance. Acids can absorb and neutralize salt and alkali. The probiotic spore powder in the seed core can produce a network of beneficial hyphae at the roots of vegetation, improve the root microenvironment, lower pH, dissolve and release trace elements, increase soil volume, and play a role in salt resistance. Grass seeds such as Achnatherum splendens, alfalfa, ryegrass, Elymus salsa, Suaeda salsa, Sainfoin, Astragalus membranaceus, and Pennisetum are all salt-alkali tolerant varieties. The seed core can be isolated from the outside world for a long time under the protection of the protective layer and the spacer layer. The seeds in the seed core can remain active for a long time in the dry environment of sandy soil. It has excellent cold resistance and can be scattered in winter. It has a small requirement for the application time period and is convenient for practical application.

[0025] The planting method adopted when the seed capsule is used is low in cost, simple in operation, pollution-free to the environment, and does not require heavy engineering construction. It can effectively restore pioneer plants in saline desertified grasslands and wetlands in arid and semi-arid areas, protect the fragile ecosystem of irreparable natural salinization channels, and avoid permanent ecological disasters caused by excessive engineering improvement and management of native saline-alkali land and disturbance. By restoring vegetation on grasslands and wetlands, it can prevent salt and alkali precipitated from rivers and lakes from being blown to distant cultivated land surfaces by perennial strong winds, prevent the diffusion of salt and alkali particles, and effectively control the expansion process of salinization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the present invention.

[0029] Description of reference numerals:

[0030] 1-protective layer, 2-seed core, 3-spacer layer, 4-seedling hole, 5-grass seed layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0032] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form also includes the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this description, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A method for preparing seed capsules suitable for arid and semi-arid areas comprises the following steps:

[0036] S1. Prepare seed core 2: mix Achnatherum splendens seeds, potassium humate, chitosan, camphor and probiotic spore powder in a mass ratio of 45:25:25:3:2 to obtain a mixture, add the mixture into sand at a ratio of 50 g / kg, the water content of the sand is 15%, and mix well to form a cylindrical seed core 2; the seed core 2 has a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 1.5 cm.

[0037] S2. Preparation of spacer layer 3: The non-woven fabric was cut into strips having a width of 10 cm, and then evenly sprayed with Suaeda salsa seeds on the inside thereof after soaking to form a grass seed layer 5, three groups of germination holes 4 were set on the non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric was coated on the surface of the seed core 2, and the germination holes 4 were set along the circumference of the seed core 2;

[0038] S3. Prepare protective layer 1: Mix clay, cattle and sheep feces, biochar, and crushed fruit in a mass ratio of 30:40:20:10, and ferment for 2 months. Then add water retainer, compound fertilizer and guar gum in proportion. The water retainer is added in an amount of 30g / kg. The compound fertilizer is a compound nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, wherein the content ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is 18:18:18:18. The compound fertilizer is added in an amount of 150g / kg and the guar gum is added in an amount of 30g / kg. Then stir until viscous, and coat the outside of the spacer layer 3 to form a triangular prism. The seedling hole 4 is located inside the side of the triangular prism. After drying, a seed capsule is obtained. The seed capsule is in the shape of a regular triangular prism, and the two bottom surfaces are equilateral triangles with a side length of 4cm, and the height is the same as the length of the seed core 2.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A method for preparing seed capsules suitable for arid and semi-arid areas comprises the following steps:

[0041] S1. Prepare seed core 2: mix Elymus dahliae seeds, potassium humate, chitosan, camphor and probiotic spore powder in a mass ratio of 43:28:23:4:1 to obtain a mixture, add the mixture into sand at a ratio of 50 g / kg, the water content of the sand is 18%, and mix well to form a cylindrical seed core 2; the seed core 2 has a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 1 cm.

[0042] S2. Preparation of a spacer layer 3: After soaking the non-woven fabric, evenly spraying red bean grass seeds on its inner side to form a grass seed layer 5, three groups of germination holes 4 are provided on the non-woven fabric, the non-woven fabric is coated on the surface of the seed core 2, and the germination holes 4 are provided along the circumference of the seed core 2;

[0043] S3. Prepare protective layer 1: Mix clay, cattle and sheep feces, biochar, and crushed fruit in a mass ratio of 32:35:22:9, and ferment for 1 month. Then add water retainer, compound fertilizer, and guar gum in proportion. The water retainer is added in an amount of 30 g / kg. The compound fertilizer is a compound nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer, wherein the content ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is 18:18:18:18. The compound fertilizer is added in an amount of 150 g / kg, and the guar gum is added in an amount of 30 g / kg. Then stir until viscous, and coat the outside of the spacer layer 3 to form a triangular prism. The seedling hole 4 is located inside the side of the triangular prism. After drying, a seed capsule is obtained. The seed capsule is in the shape of a regular triangular prism, and the two bottom surfaces are equilateral triangles with a side length of 3 cm, and the height is the same as the length of the seed core 2.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] A method for preparing seed capsules suitable for arid and semi-arid areas comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1. Prepare seed core 2: mix ryegrass seeds, potassium humate, chitosan, camphor and probiotic spore powder in a mass ratio of 48:23:28:2:3 to obtain a mixture, add the mixture into sand at a ratio of 50 g / kg, the water content of the sand is 20%, and mix well to form a cylindrical seed core 2; the seed core 2 has a length of 15 cm and a diameter of 2 cm.

[0047] S2. Preparation of a spacer layer 3: After soaking the non-woven fabric, Pennisetum grass seeds were evenly sprayed on the inside to form a grass seed layer 5, three groups of germination holes 4 were set on the non-woven fabric, the non-woven fabric was coated on the surface of the seed core 2, and the germination holes 4 were set along the circumference of the seed core 2;

[0048] S3. Prepare protective layer 1: Mix clay, cattle and sheep feces, biochar, and crushed fruit in a mass ratio of 28:45:18:11, and ferment for 2 months. Then add water retainer, compound fertilizer and guar gum in proportion. The water retainer is added in an amount of 30 g / kg. The compound fertilizer is a compound nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, wherein the content ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is 18:18:18:18. The compound fertilizer is added in an amount of 150 g / kg and the guar gum is added in an amount of 30 g / kg. Then stir until viscous and coat the outside of the spacer layer 3 to form a triangular prism. The seedling hole 4 is located inside the side of the triangular prism. After drying, a seed capsule is obtained. The seed capsule is in the shape of a regular triangular prism, and the two bottom surfaces are equilateral triangles with a side length of 5 cm. The height is the same as the length of the seed core 2.

[0049] The structure of the seed capsule prepared in Example 1-3 is shown in FIG. Figure 1-2 As shown, the seed capsule is a regular triangular prism, which includes a cylindrical seed core 2, a spacer layer 3 and a protective layer 1 from the inside to the outside. The seed core 2 includes Achnatherum splendens seeds, potassium humate, chitosan, camphor, probiotic spore powder and sand, which can promote seed germination, retain water, sterilize, and produce a network of beneficial hyphae at the roots of vegetation; a Suaeda salsa seed layer 5 is provided on the inner side of the spacer layer 3, and the use of different grass seeds can increase species diversity. The spacer layer 3 is provided with three groups of seedling holes 4 along the circumference of the seed core 2. Each group of seedling holes 4 includes multiple rows, and the seedling holes 4 are located inside the side of the triangular prism and are arranged corresponding to the weak point in the center of the side of the protective layer 1. The thickness of the protective layer 1 here is about 0.7 cm, which reduces the difficulty of seed germination and facilitates germination; the protective layer 1 includes clay, cattle and sheep manure, biomass charcoal, fruit crushed material, water retaining agent, compound fertilizer and guar gum, which provide nutrients during seed germination, can fully retain water and neutralize part of the salt and alkali in the external soil, and help seeds germinate and grow on saline-alkali land.

[0050] The present invention provides a method for planting seed capsules suitable for arid and semi-arid areas:

[0051] In winter from December to January of the following year, seed capsules are applied around lakes and lakes with degraded ecosystems, salinization, and desertification, on both sides of rivers, wetlands, and grasslands, with an interval of 20-25cm and a row spacing of 40-50cm. Under the conditions of winter snow cover and freezing, the grass seeds in the seed capsules are still active;

[0052] No special care is required afterwards. After the weather warms up in March and April, the outer protective layer 1 of the seed capsule contains water and thaws, becoming swollen and fluffy, further reducing the resistance to seed germination. Even if there is insufficient snowfall and precipitation, the protective layer 1 at the 4 places of the seedling hole is weak and partially fluffy, the seeds can still germinate.

[0053] The seed capsules prepared in Example 1 were used for planting test:

[0054] 30 seed capsules prepared in Example 1 were selected to carry out planting tests in Zhangbei, Zhangjiakou, and were applied in December. Among them, 7 seed capsules sprouted at the end of March of the second year, and 21 seed capsules sprouted in early April. A total of 28, i.e., 93.3% of the seed capsules successfully sprouted and formed clusters, forming clusters of Achnatherum splendens, which were interspersed with Suaeda salsa, and the clusters were long strips. Achnatherum splendens grew well, and the clusters were significantly expanded. The remaining 2 (6.7%) seed capsules sporadically sprouted and did not cluster, but the overall survival rate after emergence was 100%. According to statistics, the germination temperature of the seeds was 8-10 ° C. The protective layer 1 of all seed capsules was obviously expanded and loose, providing a good growth environment for seed germination.

[0055] Two years later, the growth of Achnatherum splendens and the pH value of the surrounding soil were tested: the root depth of Achnatherum splendens was 90-110 cm on average. The growth of Achnatherum splendens was significantly better than that of the surrounding wild Achnatherum splendens, and the plant height was 3-5 cm higher. The pH values ​​tested around the roots of Achnatherum splendens were concentrated between 7.6 and 8.6, while the pH of the surrounding soil was mostly concentrated between 7.8 and 9.6, with the highest point reaching 10.3, which proved that after the seed capsules used in the present invention were successfully planted, the soil pH was significantly reduced while effectively restoring the pioneer vegetation.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seed capsule suitable for arid and semi-arid areas, characterized in that: The seed capsule includes a cylindrical seed core, a spacer layer and a protective layer from the inside to the outside, the seed core includes pioneer plant grass seeds, potassium humate, chitosan, camphor, probiotic spore powder and sand, a grass seed layer is provided inside the spacer layer, and the grass seed layer is a pioneer plant grass seed different from that on the seed core, the seed capsule is a triangular prism, the spacer layer is provided with three groups of seedling holes along the circumference of the seed core, the seedling holes are located inside the side of the triangular prism, and the protective layer includes clay, cattle and sheep manure, biomass charcoal, fruit crush, water retaining agent, compound fertilizer and guar gum; The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. Preparing seed cores: mixing pioneer plant grass seeds, potassium humate, chitosan, camphor and probiotic spore powder in a mass ratio of 43-48:23-28:23-28:2-4:1-3 to obtain a mixture, adding the mixture to sand in proportion, the mixture added to the sand in a ratio of 50g / kg, and mixing to form a cylindrical seed core, the seed core having a length of 10-15cm and a diameter of 1-2cm, and the water content of the sand is 15-20%; S2. Preparation of a spacer layer: After the breathable membrane material is soaked, the pioneer plant grass seeds are evenly sprayed on the inside to form a grass seed layer, three groups of germination holes are set on the breathable membrane material, the breathable membrane material is coated on the surface of the seed core, and the germination holes are set along the circumference of the seed core; S3. Prepare a protective layer: Mix clay, cattle and sheep manure, biochar, and crushed fruit in a mass ratio of (28-32): (35-45): (18-22): (9-11) and ferment for 1-2 months. Then add a water retainer, compound fertilizer, and guar gum in proportion. The water retainer is added in an amount of 30 g / kg, the compound fertilizer is added in an amount of 150 g / kg, and the guar gum is added in an amount of 30 g / kg. Stir until it becomes viscous and coat the outside of the spacer layer to form a triangular prism. The seedling hole is located inside the side of the triangular prism. After drying, a seed capsule is obtained. The seed capsule is in the shape of a regular triangular prism, and the two bottom surfaces are equilateral triangles with sides of 3-5 cm. The height is the same as the length of the seed core.

2. The seed capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pioneer grass species in step S1 include one or more of Achnatherum splendens, Medicago sativa, Lolium perenne, and Elymus dahliae.

3. The seed capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pioneer plant grass species in step S2 include one or more of Suaeda salsa, Sainfoin, Astragalus membranaceus, and Pennisetum truncatum.

4. The seed capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound fertilizer is a compound nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, wherein the content ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is 18:18:18:

18.

5. The seed capsule suitable for arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1 is used for the protection and restoration of salinized grasslands and wetland fragile ecosystems in arid and semi-arid areas.

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