A method for breeding a grain-saving and environment-friendly type of breeding pig

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of pig breeding, and discloses a breeding method of a grain-saving and environment-friendly type pig, which comprises the following steps: S1, respectively establishing a Duroc pig basic group, a Landrace pig basic group and a Large Yorkshire pig basic group; S2, breeding the pig basic groups in the step S1 by combining variety matching with performance measurement, and respectively establishing a Duroc pig core group, a Landrace pig core group and a Large Yorkshire pig core group; S3, selecting boars and sows from the Duroc pig core group, the Landrace pig core group and the Large Yorkshire pig core group, and performing mating test according to breeding requirements; S4, feeding the offspring of the core groups with the same feed, starting weight and feed consumption measurement when the weight is 25-35 kg, ending when the weight is 95-105 kg, and making records; and S5, repeatedly selecting and breeding in an optimal manner. The application can save breeding cost and feed resources, and reduce greenhouse gas emission and manure pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of breeding technology for pigs, and in particular to a method for breeding feed-saving and environmentally friendly pigs. Background Technology

[0002] Feed costs are the primary determinant of profitability in most domestic animal production systems, accounting for approximately 70% of total production costs and serving as a core indicator for measuring the economic efficiency of the livestock industry. Feed costs increase the economic pressure on livestock production; improving feed efficiency can significantly reduce production costs and alleviate the consumption of feed resources. Animals with high feed efficiency can effectively digest and absorb nutrients in their feed, reducing the levels of sulfur, phosphorus, and potassium in their feces and urine, thereby reducing pollution from livestock farming. Methane, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide emitted during livestock production are major components of total greenhouse gas emissions. Selecting feed-efficient and environmentally friendly breeding pigs in breeding programs not only has the potential to save on feeding costs and feed resources but also plays a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fecal pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for breeding feed-saving and environmentally friendly pigs, which can save feeding costs and feed resources, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and manure pollution.

[0004] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means:

[0005] This invention discloses a method for breeding feed-saving and environmentally friendly pigs, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Establish Duroc pig breeding groups, Landrace pig breeding groups, and Large White pig breeding groups respectively;

[0007] S2. Combine breed selection and performance testing to breed the pig base group in step S1, and establish Duroc pig core group, Landrace pig core group and Large White pig core group respectively.

[0008] S3. Select boars and sows from the Duroc pig core group, Landrace pig core group, and Large White pig core group, and conduct mating trials according to breeding requirements;

[0009] S4. Feed the offspring of the core population in step S3 with the same feed, starting when their weight is 25-35kg and ending when their weight is 95-105kg, and record the results.

[0010] S5. Select and breed the best candidates multiple times.

[0011] Furthermore, the establishment of step S1 includes: calculating the comprehensive selection index based on the performance test results conducted by the breeding farm in the past three years, arranging the index from high to low, selecting the top 20% of the pig population with the highest index, and establishing a basic pig population for propagation.

[0012] Furthermore, the comprehensive selection index includes a weighted average of the traits of daily weight gain and feed efficiency, specifically the formula I1 = (0.6-0.7) * feed efficiency + (0.3-0.4) * daily weight gain.

[0013] Furthermore, the breed selection in step S2 includes: ranking the breeds by subtracting the estimated breeding value GEBV from the BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) and the remaining feed intake RFI (Remaining Feed Intake), using the formula RFI - GEBV. The breeding value GEBV = 100 + 0.2E1 - 0.1E2 - 0.25E3 + 0.2E4, where E1 represents the estimated daily weight gain for a body weight of 30-100kg; E2 represents the estimated feed conversion ratio for a body weight of 30-100kg; and E3 represents the estimated backfat thickness for a body weight of 100kg. BLUP is a statistical method suitable for predicting individual breeding values, i.e., genetic assessment, in livestock and poultry breeding, and is commonly used in animal breeding.

[0014] The selection index for the remaining feed intake is RFI = FI - (76.57 + 0.14 BW). 0.85 +0.65ΔW), where FI represents the average feed intake of individuals in the selected breeding group, BW represents the average body weight of individuals in the selected breeding group, and ΔW represents the weight gain of individuals in the selected breeding group;

[0015] Select breeding pig populations with negative RFI-GEBV values.

[0016] Furthermore, the performance determination and selection process in step S2 includes:

[0017] Reproductive performance testing includes at least one of the following indicators: total number of offspring, number of live offspring, birth weight, interval between births and the number of teats.

[0018] Growth and development performance testing includes measuring the daily weight gain, remaining feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of pigs.

[0019] According to the above-mentioned measurement indicators, the top 20% of breeding pigs with the highest indicators were selected.

[0020] Furthermore, the feed in step S4 includes eggshell powder, soybean germ powder, puffed corn powder, glucose, lysine, cottonseed residue, wheat, bone meal, salt, and additives.

[0021] Furthermore, the additives include traditional Chinese medicine preparations and galactooligosaccharide additives, with a mass ratio of 2:3 between the traditional Chinese medicine preparations and the galactooligosaccharide additives.

[0022] Furthermore, the traditional Chinese medicine preparation is prepared by the following method:

[0023] A1. Dry and grind seven natural Chinese herbs, namely astragalus, red dates, lotus leaves, honeysuckle, radish seeds, angelica, and licorice, and pass them through a 50-mesh sieve. Mix the coarse powders of astragalus, red dates, lotus leaves, honeysuckle, radish seeds, angelica, and licorice in a mass ratio of 5:(2-3):(7-9):(4-6):(1-2):(3-4):(5-6) evenly.

[0024] A2. Then put the coarse powder mixture into an ultra-fine pulverizing device, perform ultra-fine pulverization at a low temperature of 4℃, and pass it through a 1000-mesh sieve to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine preparation.

[0025] Using low-energy, high-fiber, and high-protein feed, and adding traditional Chinese medicine preparations to improve the antibody levels of pigs, enhance their disease resistance, and improve feed utilization.

[0026] Furthermore, step S5 specifically includes:

[0027] S501. When the offspring of the core breeding group reach 65-70 days of age, offspring with good appearance and no genetic diseases are selected to enter the replacement swine herd based on the reproductive performance assessment of their parents.

[0028] S502. When the offspring of the pig herd reach a weight of 100 kg, a second screening is conducted. The breeding value and remaining feed intake of each individual are measured, and the individuals are ranked according to the measurement results. The top five individuals are selected as replacement pigs.

[0029] S503. Conduct a second reproductive performance test on core sows that have reproduced twice, and cull sows whose reproductive performance does not meet the standards based on the test results.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0031] 1. The breeding of grain-saving and environmentally friendly pigs in this invention can reduce the demand for grain during the breeding process, reduce grain waste, and help save and rationally utilize grain resources; the breeding cost is relatively low, and at the same time, it is more competitive in the market, which helps to improve the economic benefits and sustainable development capabilities of farmers.

[0032] 2. The feed-saving and environmentally friendly breeding pig farming method of this invention can reduce environmental pollution and carbon emissions. Compared with traditional farming methods, the amount of manure and wastewater generated during the feed-saving and environmentally friendly breeding pig farming process is significantly reduced, thus reducing pollution to soil and water bodies. Due to the saving of feed and the improvement of feed conversion rate, the carbon emissions of the farm will also be reduced accordingly, which helps to mitigate the process of global climate change. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] S1. Establish Duroc pig breeding groups, Landrace pig breeding groups, and Large White pig breeding groups respectively;

[0036] Based on the performance test results conducted by the breeding farm over the past three years, a comprehensive selection index was calculated. Pigs with higher indices were selected and used to form a basic breeding herd for propagation.

[0037] The comprehensive selection index is a weighted average of the traits of daily weight gain and feed efficiency, and the specific formula is I1 = 0.6 * feed efficiency + 0.3 * daily weight gain.

[0038] Table 1. Birth weight of large-sized pigs

[0039]

[0040] The growth performance of Duroc, Landrace, and Large White pigs is superior. According to the test station of Ausnutria, the fastest growth rate (weight: 43.8-96.5) is 1056 grams / day, the average daily feed intake is 1.74 kg / day, the feed intake is 149.2g per feeding, and the feeding time is 6.53 minutes.

[0041] S2. Combine breed selection and performance testing to breed the pig base group in step S1, and establish Duroc pig core group, Landrace pig core group and Large White pig core group respectively.

[0042] The breed selection in step S2 includes: ranking the breeds by subtracting the estimated breeding value GEBV from the BLUP (Bred Feed Increase Value) and the remaining feed intake (RFI), using the formula RFI - GEBV. The breeding value GEBV = 100 + 0.2E1 - 0.1E2 - 0.25E3 + 0.2E4, where E1 represents the estimated daily weight gain for a body weight of 30-100 kg; E2 represents the estimated feed conversion ratio for a body weight of 30-100 kg; and E3 represents the estimated backfat thickness for a body weight of 100 kg.

[0043] The selection index for the remaining feed intake is RFI = FI - (76.57 + 0.14 BW0.85 + 0.65ΔW), where FI represents the average feed intake of individuals in the selected group, BW represents the average weight of individuals in the selected group, and ΔW represents the weight gain of individuals in the selected group.

[0044] Select breeding pig populations with negative RFI-GEBV values.

[0045] Performance testing and selection include:

[0046] Reproductive performance testing includes at least one of the following indicators: total number of offspring, number of live offspring, birth weight, interval between births and the number of teats.

[0047] Growth and development performance testing includes measuring the daily weight gain, remaining feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of pigs.

[0048] According to the above-mentioned measurement indicators, the pigs with the higher indicators are selected from the lowest order.

[0049] S3. Select boars and sows from the Duroc pig core group, Landrace pig core group, and Large White pig core group, and conduct mating trials according to breeding requirements;

[0050] S4. Feed the offspring of the core population the same feed, starting when they weigh 25kg and ending when they weigh 95kg, and record the results.

[0051] The feed formulation is shown in Table 2.

[0052] Table 2 Feed Formulation

[0053]

[0054] The formulation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in the additives is shown in Table 3.

[0055] Table 3. Proportions of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations in Additives

[0056]

[0057] S5. Select and breed the best candidates multiple times.

[0058] S501. When the offspring of the core breeding group reach 65-70 days of age, offspring with good appearance and no genetic diseases are selected to enter the replacement swine herd based on the reproductive performance assessment of their parents.

[0059] S502. When the offspring of the pig herd reach a weight of 100 kg, a second screening is conducted. The breeding value and remaining feed intake of each individual are measured, and the individuals are ranked according to the measurement results. The top five individuals are selected as replacement pigs.

[0060] S503. Conduct a second reproductive performance test on core sows that have reproduced twice, and cull sows whose reproductive performance does not meet the standards based on the test results.

[0061] The daily performance of the feed-saving and environmentally friendly breeding pigs selected in the examples was measured, as shown in Table 4.

[0062] Table 4. Daily performance testing of feed-saving and environmentally friendly breeding pigs

[0063]

[0064] Example 2

[0065] S1. Establish Duroc pig breeding groups, Landrace pig breeding groups, and Large White pig breeding groups respectively;

[0066] Based on the performance test results conducted by the breeding farm over the past three years, a comprehensive selection index was calculated. Pigs with higher indices were selected and used to form a basic breeding herd for propagation.

[0067] The comprehensive selection index is a weighted average of the traits of daily weight gain and feed efficiency, and the specific formula is I1 = 0.65 * feed efficiency + 0.35 * daily weight gain.

[0068] Table 5. Birth weight of large-sized pigs

[0069]

[0070] The growth performance of Duroc, Landrace, and Large White pigs is superior. According to the test station of Ausnutria, the fastest growth rate (weight: 43.8-96.5) is 1056 grams / day, the average daily feed intake is 2.03 kg / day, the feed intake is 222.9g per feeding, and the feeding time is 9.22 minutes.

[0071] S2. Combine breed selection and performance testing to breed the pig base group in step S1, and establish Duroc pig core group, Landrace pig core group and Large White pig core group respectively.

[0072] The breed selection in step S2 includes: ranking the breeds by subtracting the estimated breeding value GEBV from the BLUP (Bred Feed Increase Value) and the remaining feed intake (RFI), using the formula RFI - GEBV. The breeding value GEBV = 100 + 0.2E1 - 0.1E2 - 0.25E3 + 0.2E4, where E1 represents the estimated daily weight gain for a body weight of 30-100 kg; E2 represents the estimated feed conversion ratio for a body weight of 30-100 kg; and E3 represents the estimated backfat thickness for a body weight of 100 kg.

[0073] The selection index for the remaining feed intake is RFI = FI - (76.57 + 0.14 BW0.85 + 0.65ΔW), where FI represents the average feed intake of individuals in the selected group, BW represents the average weight of individuals in the selected group, and ΔW represents the weight gain of individuals in the selected group.

[0074] Select breeding pig populations with negative RFI-GEBV values.

[0075] Performance testing and selection include:

[0076] Reproductive performance testing includes at least one of the following indicators: total number of offspring, number of live offspring, birth weight, interval between births and the number of teats.

[0077] Growth and development performance testing includes measuring the daily weight gain, remaining feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of pigs.

[0078] According to the above-mentioned measurement indicators, the pigs with the higher indicators are selected from the lowest order.

[0079] S3. Select boars and sows from the Duroc pig core group, Landrace pig core group, and Large White pig core group, and conduct mating trials according to breeding requirements;

[0080] S4. Feed the offspring of the core population the same feed, starting when they weigh 30kg and ending when they weigh 100kg, and record the results.

[0081] The feed formulation is shown in Table 6.

[0082] Table 6 Feed Formulation

[0083]

[0084] The formulation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in the additives is shown in Table 7.

[0085] Table 7. Proportions of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations in Additives

[0086]

[0087] S5. Select and breed the best candidates multiple times.

[0088] S501. When the offspring of the core breeding group reach 65-70 days of age, offspring with good appearance and no genetic diseases are selected to enter the replacement swine herd based on the reproductive performance assessment of their parents.

[0089] S502. When the offspring of the pig herd reach a weight of 100 kg, a second screening is conducted. The breeding value and remaining feed intake of each individual are measured, and the individuals are ranked according to the measurement results. The top five individuals are selected as replacement pigs.

[0090] S503. Conduct a second reproductive performance test on core sows that have reproduced twice, and cull sows whose reproductive performance does not meet the standards based on the test results.

[0091] Routine performance tests were conducted on the feed-saving and environmentally friendly breeding pigs selected in the examples. (See Table 8 for details.)

[0092] Table 8. Daily performance testing of feed-saving and environmentally friendly breeding pigs.

[0093]

[0094] Example 3

[0095] S1. Establish Duroc pig breeding groups, Landrace pig breeding groups, and Large White pig breeding groups respectively;

[0096] Based on the performance test results conducted by the breeding farm over the past three years, a comprehensive selection index was calculated. Pigs with higher indices were selected and used to form a basic breeding herd for propagation.

[0097] The comprehensive selection index is a weighted average of the traits of daily weight gain and feed efficiency, and the specific formula is I1 = 0.7 * feed efficiency + 0.4 * daily weight gain.

[0098] Table 9. Birth weight of large-sized pigs

[0099]

[0100] The Duroc, Landrace, and Large White pig breeding groups have superior growth performance. According to tests conducted by the Ausnutria Feed Testing Station, the fastest-growing pigs (weight: 43.8-96.5 kg) reached 1056 g / day, with an average daily feed intake of 2.32 kg / day, a feed intake of 296.6 g per feeding, and a feeding time of 11.91 minutes.

[0101] S2. Combine breed selection and performance testing to breed the pig base group in step S1, and establish Duroc pig core group, Landrace pig core group and Large White pig core group respectively.

[0102] The breed selection in step S2 includes: ranking the breeds by subtracting the estimated breeding value GEBV from the BLUP (Bred Feed Increase Value) and the remaining feed intake (RFI), using the formula RFI - GEBV. The breeding value GEBV = 100 + 0.2E1 - 0.1E2 - 0.25E3 + 0.2E4, where E1 represents the estimated daily weight gain for a body weight of 30-100 kg; E2 represents the estimated feed conversion ratio for a body weight of 30-100 kg; and E3 represents the estimated backfat thickness for a body weight of 100 kg.

[0103] The selection index for the remaining feed intake is RFI = FI - (76.57 + 0.14 BW0.85 + 0.65ΔW), where FI represents the average feed intake of individuals in the selected group, BW represents the average weight of individuals in the selected group, and ΔW represents the weight gain of individuals in the selected group.

[0104] Select breeding pig populations with negative RFI-GEBV values.

[0105] Performance testing and selection include:

[0106] Reproductive performance testing includes at least one of the following indicators: total number of offspring, number of live offspring, birth weight, interval between births and the number of teats.

[0107] Growth and development performance testing includes measuring the daily weight gain, remaining feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of pigs.

[0108] According to the above-mentioned measurement indicators, the pigs with the higher indicators are selected from the lowest order.

[0109] S3. Select boars and sows from the Duroc pig core group, Landrace pig core group, and Large White pig core group, and conduct mating trials according to breeding requirements;

[0110] S4. Feed the offspring of the core population the same feed, starting when they weigh 35kg and ending when they weigh 105kg, and record the results.

[0111] The feed formulation is shown in Table 10.

[0112] Table 10 Feed Formulation

[0113]

[0114] The formulation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in the additives is shown in Table 11.

[0115] Table 11. Proportions of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations in Additives

[0116]

[0117] S5. Select and breed the best candidates multiple times.

[0118] S501. When the offspring of the core breeding group reach 65-70 days of age, offspring with good appearance and no genetic diseases are selected to enter the replacement swine herd based on the reproductive performance assessment of their parents.

[0119] S502. When the offspring of the pig herd reach a weight of 100 kg, a second screening is conducted. The breeding value and remaining feed intake of each individual are measured, and the individuals are ranked according to the measurement results. The top five individuals are selected as replacement pigs.

[0120] S503. Conduct a second reproductive performance test on core sows that have reproduced twice, and cull sows whose reproductive performance does not meet the standards based on the test results.

[0121] Routine performance tests were conducted on the feed-saving and environmentally friendly breeding pigs selected in the examples. The results are shown in Table 12.

[0122] Table 12 Daily Performance Measurement of Feed-Saving and Environmentally Friendly Breeding Pigs

[0123]

[0124] This invention allows for the consolidation and improvement of breeding stock, particularly for the breeding of feed-saving and environmentally friendly pigs. Furthermore, the breeding process must consider the impact of various internal and external factors, develop immunization programs based on actual conditions, and ensure proper hygiene and disinfection to guarantee the health and safety of the pig herd and minimize adverse factors. This approach ultimately aims to cultivate feed-saving and environmentally friendly pigs.

[0125] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Technical aspects, shapes, and structures not described in detail in this invention are all well-known technologies.

Claims

1. A method for breeding feed-saving and environmentally friendly pig breeds, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Establish Duroc pig breeding groups, Landrace pig breeding groups, and Large White pig breeding groups respectively; S2. Combine breed selection and performance testing to breed the pig base group in step S1, and establish Duroc pig core group, Landrace pig core group and Large White pig core group respectively. S3. Select boars and sows from the Duroc pig core group, Landrace pig core group, and Large White pig core group, and conduct mating trials according to breeding requirements; S4. Feed the offspring of the core population in step S3 with the same feed, starting when their weight is 25-35kg and ending when their weight is 95-105kg, and record the results. S5. Multiple selection and breeding processes to choose the best candidates; Based on the performance test results conducted by the breeding farm over the past three years, the comprehensive selection index I1 was calculated. The pig population with the highest index was selected from the lowest to the highest, and the top 20% of the total population were selected to form a basic pig population for propagation. The comprehensive selection index I1 is a weighted average of the traits of daily weight gain and feed efficiency, and the specific formula is I1 = (0.6-0.7) * feed efficiency + (0.3-0.4) * daily weight gain; The breed selection in step S2 includes: ranking the breeds by subtracting the estimated breeding value (GEBV) from the remaining feed intake (RFI) based on BLUP, using the formula RFI - GEBV. The estimated breeding value (GEBV) is calculated as: GEBV = 100 + 0.2E1 - 0.1E2 - 0.25E3 + 0.2E4, where E1 represents the estimated daily weight gain (GBV) for a body weight of 30-100 kg; E2 represents the estimated feed conversion ratio (FCR) for a body weight of 30-100 kg; and E3 represents the estimated backfat thickness (GB) for a body weight of 100 kg. The selection index for the remaining feed intake is RFI = FI - (76.57 + 0.14 BW). 0.85 +0.65ΔW), where FI represents the average feed intake of individuals in the selected breeding group, BW represents the average body weight of individuals in the selected breeding group, and ΔW represents the weight gain of individuals in the selected breeding group; Select breeding pig populations with negative RFI-GEBV values.

2. The method for breeding a feed-saving and environmentally friendly pig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 step performance determination and selection includes: Reproductive performance testing includes at least one of the following indicators: total number of offspring, number of live offspring, birth weight, interval between births and the number of teats. Growth and development performance testing includes measuring the daily weight gain, remaining feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of pigs. According to the above-mentioned measurement indicators, the top 20% of breeding pigs with the highest indicators were selected.

3. The method for breeding a feed-saving and environmentally friendly pig breed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed in step S4 includes eggshell powder, soybean germ powder, puffed corn powder, glucose, lysine, cottonseed residue, wheat, bone meal, salt, and additives.

4. The method for breeding a feed-saving and environmentally friendly pig according to claim 3, characterized in that: The additives include traditional Chinese medicine preparations and galactooligosaccharide additives, with a mass ratio of 2:

3.

5. The method for breeding a feed-saving and environmentally friendly pig according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation includes: A1. Dry and grind seven natural Chinese herbs, namely astragalus, red dates, lotus leaves, honeysuckle, radish seeds, angelica, and licorice, and pass them through a 50-mesh sieve. Mix the coarse powders of astragalus, red dates, lotus leaves, honeysuckle, radish seeds, angelica, and licorice in a mass ratio of 5:(2-3):(7-9):(4-6):(1-2):(3-4):(5-6) evenly. A2. Then put the coarse powder mixture into an ultra-fine pulverizing device, perform ultra-fine pulverization at a low temperature of 4℃, and pass it through a 1000-mesh sieve to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine preparation.

6. The method for breeding a feed-saving and environmentally friendly pig breed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S5 step specifically includes: S501. When the offspring of the core breeding group reach 65-70 days of age, offspring with good appearance and no genetic diseases are selected to enter the replacement swine herd based on the reproductive performance assessment of their parents. S502. When the offspring of the pig herd reach a weight of 100 kg, a second screening is conducted. The breeding value and remaining feed intake of each individual are measured, and the individuals are ranked according to the measurement results. The top five individuals are selected as replacement pigs. S503. Conduct a second reproductive performance test on core sows that have reproduced twice, and cull sows whose reproductive performance does not meet the standards based on the test results.

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